Articles | Volume 19, issue 7
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-4211-2019
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-4211-2019
Research article
 | 
03 Apr 2019
Research article |  | 03 Apr 2019

The EMEP Intensive Measurement Period campaign, 2008–2009: characterizing carbonaceous aerosol at nine rural sites in Europe

Karl Espen Yttri, David Simpson, Robert Bergström, Gyula Kiss, Sönke Szidat, Darius Ceburnis, Sabine Eckhardt, Christoph Hueglin, Jacob Klenø Nøjgaard, Cinzia Perrino, Ignazio Pisso, Andre Stephan Henry Prevot, Jean-Philippe Putaud, Gerald Spindler, Milan Vana, Yan-Lin Zhang, and Wenche Aas

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Cited articles

Andersson-Sköld, Y. and Simpson, D.: Secondary organic aerosol formation in Northern Europe: a model study, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 7357–7374, 2001. 
Andreae, M. O. and Ramanathan, V.: Climate's dark forcings, Science, 340, 280–281, 2013. 
Bauer, H., Schueller, E., Weinke, G., Berger, A., Hitzenberger, R., Marr, I. L., and Puxbaum, H.: Significant contributions of fungal spores to the organic carbon and to the aerosol mass balance of the urban atmospheric aerosol, Atmos. Environ., 42, 5542–5549, 2008. 
Bell, M. L., Ebisu, K., Peng, R. D., Samet, J. M., and Dominici, F.: Hospital Admissions and Chemical Composition of Fine Particle Air Pollution, Am. J. Resp. Crit. Care, 179, 1115–1120, https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.200808-1240OC, 2009. 
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Carbonaceous aerosols from natural sources were abundant regardless of season. Residential wood burning (RWB) emissions were occasionally equally as large as or larger than of fossil-fuel sources, depending on season and region. RWB emissions are poorly constrained; thus emissions inventories need improvement. Harmonizing emission factors between countries is likely the most important step to improve model calculations for biomass burning emissions and European PM2.5 concentrations in general.
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