Clouds lie at the heart of uncertainty in both climate sensitivity and radiative forcing, making it imperative to properly diagnose their radiative effects. Here we provide a recommended methodology and code base for the community to use in performing such diagnoses using cloud radiative kernels. We show that properly accounting for changes in obscuration of lower-level clouds by upper-level is important for accurate diagnosis and attribution of cloud feedbacks and adjustments.

We studied the transport and chemical decomposition of volcanic SO₂, focusing on the 2019 Raikoke event. By comparing two different chemistry modeling schemes, we found that including complex chemical reactions leads to a more accurate prediction of how long SO₂ stays in the atmosphere. This research helps improve our understanding of volcanic pollution and its impact on air quality and climate, providing better tools for scientists to track and predict the movement of these pollutants.

Chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CIMS) is widely used in atmospheric chemistry studies. We still have a limited understanding of the complex functioning of the instrument, therefore, we applied machine learning to provide insights from CIMS analyses. We were able to predict both detection and signal intensity with a fair error and we found out the most important structural fragments for negative ionization schemes (NH and OH) and positive ones (nitrogen-containing groups).

This study shows the derived organic aerosol hygroscopicity under high humidity conditions based on a simple optical scatter monitor system, including two nephelometric monitors (pDR-1500), after knowing the aerosol chemical composition.

Although machine learning technology is advanced in the field of satellite remote sensing, the physical inversion algorithm based on cloud base height can better capture the daily variation characteristics of cloud base.

To explore influence of exchange process on vapour isotopes, IECEWV was derived based on mass conservation, indoor experiments were designed and conducted. The calculated isotopes in water vapour was consistent with experimental value, isotopes exchange can lead to the hydrogen and oxygen isotope line of vapour deviate from the origin, water vapour d-excess remains essentially constant. Combined IECEWV with the Rayleigh fractionation, vapour and precipitation isotope variation can be explored.