Articles | Volume 19, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-2283-2019
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-2283-2019
Research article
 | 
21 Feb 2019
Research article |  | 21 Feb 2019

Primary emissions versus secondary formation of fine particulate matter in the most polluted city (Shijiazhuang) in North China

Ru-Jin Huang, Yichen Wang, Junji Cao, Chunshui Lin, Jing Duan, Qi Chen, Yongjie Li, Yifang Gu, Jin Yan, Wei Xu, Roman Fröhlich, Francesco Canonaco, Carlo Bozzetti, Jurgita Ovadnevaite, Darius Ceburnis, Manjula R. Canagaratna, John Jayne, Douglas R. Worsnop, Imad El-Haddad, André S. H. Prévôt, and Colin D. O'Dowd

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Cited articles

Alfarra, M. R., Prévôt, A. S. H., Szidat, S., Sandradewi, J.,Weimer, S., Schreiber, D., Mohr, M., and Baltensperger, U.: Identification of the mass spectral signature of organic aerosols from wood burning emissions, Environ. Sci. Technol., 41, 5770–5777, 2007. 
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Bressi, M., Cavalli, F., Belis, C. A., Putaud, J.-P., Fröhlich, R., Martins dos Santos, S., Petralia, E., Prévôt, A. S. H., Berico, M., Malaguti, A., and Canonaco, F.: Variations in the chemical composition of the submicron aerosol and in the sources of the organic fraction at a regional background site of the Po Valley (Italy), Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 12875–12896, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-12875-2016, 2016. 
Canonaco, F., Crippa, M., Slowik, J. G., Baltensperger, U., and Prévôt, A. S. H.: SoFi, an IGOR-based interface for the efficient use of the generalized multilinear engine (ME-2) for the source apportionment: ME-2 application to aerosol mass spectrometer data, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 6, 3649–3661, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-3649-2013, 2013. 
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Short summary
We found that in wintertime Shijiazhuang fine PM was mostly from primary emissions without sufficient atmospheric aging. In addition, secondary inorganic and organic aerosol dominated in pollution events under high-RH conditions, likely due to enhanced aqueous-phase chemistry, whereas primary organic aerosol dominated in pollution events under low-RH and stagnant conditions. Our results also highlighted the importance of meteorological conditions for PM pollution in this highly polluted city.
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