Articles | Volume 19, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-2283-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-2283-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
21 Feb 2019
Research article |
| 21 Feb 2019
| 21 Feb 2019
Primary emissions versus secondary formation of fine particulate matter in the most polluted city (Shijiazhuang) in North China
Ru-Jin Huang
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, State Key Laboratory
of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
Yichen Wang
Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, State Key Laboratory
of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
Junji Cao
Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, State Key Laboratory
of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
Chunshui Lin
Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, State Key Laboratory
of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
School of Physics and Centre for Climate and Air Pollution Studies,
National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
Jing Duan
Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, State Key Laboratory
of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution
Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking
University, Beijing 100871, China
Yongjie Li
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science
and Technology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
Yifang Gu
Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, State Key Laboratory
of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
Jin Yan
Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, State Key Laboratory
of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, State Key Laboratory
of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
School of Physics and Centre for Climate and Air Pollution Studies,
National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
Roman Fröhlich
Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
Francesco Canonaco
Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
Carlo Bozzetti
Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
Jurgita Ovadnevaite
School of Physics and Centre for Climate and Air Pollution Studies,
National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
Darius Ceburnis
School of Physics and Centre for Climate and Air Pollution Studies,
National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
Manjula R. Canagaratna
Aerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica, MA, USA
John Jayne
Aerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica, MA, USA
Douglas R. Worsnop
Aerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica, MA, USA
Imad El-Haddad
Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
André S. H. Prévôt
Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
Colin D. O'Dowd
School of Physics and Centre for Climate and Air Pollution Studies,
National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
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Latest update: 08 Nov 2025
Short summary
We found that in wintertime Shijiazhuang fine PM was mostly from primary emissions without sufficient atmospheric aging. In addition, secondary inorganic and organic aerosol dominated in pollution events under high-RH conditions, likely due to enhanced aqueous-phase chemistry, whereas primary organic aerosol dominated in pollution events under low-RH and stagnant conditions. Our results also highlighted the importance of meteorological conditions for PM pollution in this highly polluted city.
We found that in wintertime Shijiazhuang fine PM was mostly from primary emissions without...
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