Articles | Volume 25, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-771-2025
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-771-2025
Research article
 | 
21 Jan 2025
Research article |  | 21 Jan 2025

Exploring the processes controlling secondary inorganic aerosol: evaluating the global GEOS-Chem simulation using a suite of aircraft campaigns

Olivia G. Norman, Colette L. Heald, Solomon Bililign, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Hugh Coe, Marc N. Fiddler, Jaime R. Green, Jose L. Jimenez, Katharina Kaiser, Jin Liao, Ann M. Middlebrook, Benjamin A. Nault, John B. Nowak, Johannes Schneider, and André Welti

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Cited articles

ADRIEX Science Team: Aerosol Direct Radiative Impact Experiment (ADRIEX): In-situ airborne atmospheric measurements and atmospheric model data, Centre for Environmental Data Analysis [data set], https://data.ceda.ac.uk/badc/adriex/data/bae-146 (last access: 31 October 2024), 2011. 
Aksoyoglu, S., Ciarelli, G., El-Haddad, I., Baltensperger, U., and Prévôt, A. S. H.: Secondary inorganic aerosols in Europe: sources and the significant influence of biogenic VOC emissions, especially on ammonium nitrate, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 7757–7773, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-7757-2017, 2017. 
Aksoyoglu, S., Jiang, J., Ciarelli, G., Baltensperger, U., and Prévôt, A. S. H.: Role of ammonia in European air quality with changing land and ship emissions between 1990 and 2030, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 15665–15680, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-15665-2020, 2020. 
Alexander, B., Hastings, M. G., Allman, D. J., Dachs, J., Thornton, J. A., and Kunasek, S. A.: Quantifying atmospheric nitrate formation pathways based on a global model of the oxygen isotopic composition (Δ17O) of atmospheric nitrate, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 5043–5056, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-5043-2009, 2009. 
Alexander, B., Sherwen, T., Holmes, C. D., Fisher, J. A., Chen, Q., Evans, M. J., and Kasibhatla, P.: Global inorganic nitrate production mechanisms: comparison of a global model with nitrate isotope observations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 3859–3877, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-3859-2020, 2020. 
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Short summary
This study finds that one component of secondary inorganic aerosols, nitrate, is greatly overestimated by a global atmospheric chemistry model compared to observations from 11 flight campaigns. None of the loss and production pathways explored can explain the nitrate bias alone. The model’s inability to capture the variability in the observations remains and requires future investigation to avoid biases in policy-related studies (i.e., air quality, health, climate impacts of these aerosols).
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