Fine particle pH and sensitivity to NH3 and HNO3 over summertime South Korea during KORUS-AQ
- 1School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- 2NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA
- 3Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- 4Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- 5California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
- 6Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
- 7NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
- 8School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- 9School of Architecture, Civil & Environmental Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- 10Center for the Study of Air Quality and Climate Change, Institute for Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Patras, GR-26504, Greece
- acurrently at: Colorado State University
- 1School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- 2NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA
- 3Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- 4Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- 5California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
- 6Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
- 7NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
- 8School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- 9School of Architecture, Civil & Environmental Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- 10Center for the Study of Air Quality and Climate Change, Institute for Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Patras, GR-26504, Greece
- acurrently at: Colorado State University
Abstract. Using a new approach that constrains thermodynamic modeling of aerosol composition with measured gas-to-particle partitioning of inorganic nitrate, we estimate the acidity levels for aerosol sampled in the South Korean planetary boundary layer during the NASA/NIER KORUS-AQ field campaign. The pH (mean ± 1σ = 2.43 ± 0.68) and aerosol liquid water content determined were then used to determine the chemical regime
of the inorganic fraction of particulate matter (PM) sensitivity to ammonia and nitrate availability. We found that the aerosol formation is always sensitive to HNO3 levels, especially in highly polluted regions, while it is only exclusively sensitive to NH3 in some rural/remote regions. Nitrate levels are further promoted because dry deposition velocity is low and allows its accumulation in the boundary layer. Because of this, HNO3 reductions achieved by NOx controls prove to be the most effective approach for all conditions examined, and that NH3 emissions can only partially affect PM reduction for the specific season and region. Despite the benefits of controlling PM formation to reduce ammonium-nitrate aerosol and PM mass, changes in the acidity domain can significantly affect other processes and sources of aerosol toxicity (such as e.g., solubilization of Fe, Cu and other metals) as well as the deposition patterns of these trace species and reactive nitrate.
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Ifayoyinsola Ibikunle et al.
Interactive discussion


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RC1: 'review for Ibikunle et al.', Anonymous Referee #3, 17 Aug 2020
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AC4: 'Replies to Reviewer 3 comments.', Athanasios Nenes, 12 Mar 2021
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AC4: 'Replies to Reviewer 3 comments.', Athanasios Nenes, 12 Mar 2021
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RC2: 'review comment on app-2020-501', Anonymous Referee #2, 17 Aug 2020
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AC3: 'Replies to Reviewer 2 comments.', Athanasios Nenes, 12 Mar 2021
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AC3: 'Replies to Reviewer 2 comments.', Athanasios Nenes, 12 Mar 2021
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RC3: 'Review comments on Ibikunle et al.', Anonymous Referee #4, 18 Aug 2020
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AC1: 'Replies to Reviewer 4 comments.', Athanasios Nenes, 11 Mar 2021
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AC1: 'Replies to Reviewer 4 comments.', Athanasios Nenes, 11 Mar 2021
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RC4: 'Fine particle pH and sensitivity to NH3 and HNO3 over summertime South Korea during KORUS-AQ', Anonymous Referee #5, 18 Aug 2020
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AC2: 'Replies to Reviewer 5 comments.', Athanasios Nenes, 12 Mar 2021
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AC2: 'Replies to Reviewer 5 comments.', Athanasios Nenes, 12 Mar 2021
Interactive discussion


-
RC1: 'review for Ibikunle et al.', Anonymous Referee #3, 17 Aug 2020
-
AC4: 'Replies to Reviewer 3 comments.', Athanasios Nenes, 12 Mar 2021
-
AC4: 'Replies to Reviewer 3 comments.', Athanasios Nenes, 12 Mar 2021
-
RC2: 'review comment on app-2020-501', Anonymous Referee #2, 17 Aug 2020
-
AC3: 'Replies to Reviewer 2 comments.', Athanasios Nenes, 12 Mar 2021
-
AC3: 'Replies to Reviewer 2 comments.', Athanasios Nenes, 12 Mar 2021
-
RC3: 'Review comments on Ibikunle et al.', Anonymous Referee #4, 18 Aug 2020
-
AC1: 'Replies to Reviewer 4 comments.', Athanasios Nenes, 11 Mar 2021
-
AC1: 'Replies to Reviewer 4 comments.', Athanasios Nenes, 11 Mar 2021
-
RC4: 'Fine particle pH and sensitivity to NH3 and HNO3 over summertime South Korea during KORUS-AQ', Anonymous Referee #5, 18 Aug 2020
-
AC2: 'Replies to Reviewer 5 comments.', Athanasios Nenes, 12 Mar 2021
-
AC2: 'Replies to Reviewer 5 comments.', Athanasios Nenes, 12 Mar 2021
Ifayoyinsola Ibikunle et al.
Ifayoyinsola Ibikunle et al.
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