the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Fine particle pH and sensitivity to NH3 and HNO3 over summertime South Korea during KORUS-AQ
Abstract. Using a new approach that constrains thermodynamic modeling of aerosol composition with measured gas-to-particle partitioning of inorganic nitrate, we estimate the acidity levels for aerosol sampled in the South Korean planetary boundary layer during the NASA/NIER KORUS-AQ field campaign. The pH (mean ± 1σ = 2.43 ± 0.68) and aerosol liquid water content determined were then used to determine the chemical regime
of the inorganic fraction of particulate matter (PM) sensitivity to ammonia and nitrate availability. We found that the aerosol formation is always sensitive to HNO3 levels, especially in highly polluted regions, while it is only exclusively sensitive to NH3 in some rural/remote regions. Nitrate levels are further promoted because dry deposition velocity is low and allows its accumulation in the boundary layer. Because of this, HNO3 reductions achieved by NOx controls prove to be the most effective approach for all conditions examined, and that NH3 emissions can only partially affect PM reduction for the specific season and region. Despite the benefits of controlling PM formation to reduce ammonium-nitrate aerosol and PM mass, changes in the acidity domain can significantly affect other processes and sources of aerosol toxicity (such as e.g., solubilization of Fe, Cu and other metals) as well as the deposition patterns of these trace species and reactive nitrate.
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Interactive discussion
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RC1: 'review for Ibikunle et al.', Anonymous Referee #3, 17 Aug 2020
- AC4: 'Replies to Reviewer 3 comments.', Athanasios Nenes, 12 Mar 2021
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RC2: 'review comment on app-2020-501', Anonymous Referee #2, 17 Aug 2020
- AC3: 'Replies to Reviewer 2 comments.', Athanasios Nenes, 12 Mar 2021
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RC3: 'Review comments on Ibikunle et al.', Anonymous Referee #4, 18 Aug 2020
- AC1: 'Replies to Reviewer 4 comments.', Athanasios Nenes, 11 Mar 2021
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RC4: 'Fine particle pH and sensitivity to NH3 and HNO3 over summertime South Korea during KORUS-AQ', Anonymous Referee #5, 18 Aug 2020
- AC2: 'Replies to Reviewer 5 comments.', Athanasios Nenes, 12 Mar 2021
Interactive discussion
-
RC1: 'review for Ibikunle et al.', Anonymous Referee #3, 17 Aug 2020
- AC4: 'Replies to Reviewer 3 comments.', Athanasios Nenes, 12 Mar 2021
-
RC2: 'review comment on app-2020-501', Anonymous Referee #2, 17 Aug 2020
- AC3: 'Replies to Reviewer 2 comments.', Athanasios Nenes, 12 Mar 2021
-
RC3: 'Review comments on Ibikunle et al.', Anonymous Referee #4, 18 Aug 2020
- AC1: 'Replies to Reviewer 4 comments.', Athanasios Nenes, 11 Mar 2021
-
RC4: 'Fine particle pH and sensitivity to NH3 and HNO3 over summertime South Korea during KORUS-AQ', Anonymous Referee #5, 18 Aug 2020
- AC2: 'Replies to Reviewer 5 comments.', Athanasios Nenes, 12 Mar 2021
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Cited
4 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Exploring the inorganic composition of the Asian Tropopause Aerosol Layer using medium-duration balloon flights H. Vernier et al. 10.5194/acp-22-12675-2022
- Atmospheric Processing at the Sea‐Land Interface Over the South China Sea: Secondary Aerosol Formation, Aerosol Acidity, and Role of Sea Salts G. Wang et al. 10.1029/2021JD036255
- Historical Changes in Seasonal Aerosol Acidity in the Po Valley (Italy) as Inferred from Fog Water and Aerosol Measurements M. Paglione et al. 10.1021/acs.est.1c00651
- Limitations in representation of physical processes prevent successful simulation of PM<sub>2.5</sub> during KORUS-AQ K. Travis et al. 10.5194/acp-22-7933-2022
Ifayoyinsola Ibikunle
Andreas Beyersdorf
Pedro Campuzano-Jost
Chelsea Corr
John D. Crounse
Jack Dibb
Glenn Diskin
Greg Huey
Jose-Luis Jimenez
Michelle J. Kim
Benjamin A. Nault
Eric Scheuer
Alex Teng
Paul O. Wennberg
Bruce Anderson
James Crawford
Rodney Weber
Athanasios Nenes
This preprint has been withdrawn.
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Supplement
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