Articles | Volume 21, issue 17
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13687-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13687-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
14 Sep 2021
Research article |
| 14 Sep 2021
| 14 Sep 2021
Modelling spatiotemporal variations of the canopy layer urban heat island in Beijing at the neighbourhood scale
Michael Biggart
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
School of Geosciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Jenny Stocker
Cambridge Environmental Research Consultants, Cambridge, UK
Ruth M. Doherty
School of Geosciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Oliver Wild
Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
David Carruthers
Cambridge Environmental Research Consultants, Cambridge, UK
Sue Grimmond
Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, UK
Yiqun Han
State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution
Control, College of Environment Sciences and Engineering, Peking University,
Beijing, China
Environmental Research Group, MRC Centre for Environment and Health,
King's College London, London, UK
Pingqing Fu
Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Beijing, China
Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University,
Tianjin, China
Simone Kotthaus
Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, UK
Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, École Polytechnique, Palaiseau,
France
Related authors
No articles found.
Laura A. Mansfield, Peer J. Nowack, Edmund M. Ryan, Oliver Wild, and Apostolos Voulgarakis
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-6046, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-6046, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Geoscientific Model Development (GMD).
Short summary
Short summary
We present a fast machine learning emulator that predicts how Earth’s surface temperature reacts within the first five years to changes in greenhouse gases and aerosol pollutants. It is trained on carefully designed simulations from a complex climate model, but can be run much faster. Our emulator can be used to show where the climate is most sensitive to different emissions and can help explore many possible future paths, making it easier to assess the climate effects of policy choices.
Russell H. Glazer, Sue Grimmond, Lewis Blunn, Daniel Fenner, Humphrey Lean, Andreas Christen, Will Morrison, Dana Looschelders, and Jonathan K. P. Shonk
Weather Clim. Dynam., 6, 1723–1742, https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-6-1723-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-6-1723-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
In this study we use very high resolution numerical weather prediction model simulations of the Berlin, Germany region along with assessment of field campaign observations to understand better the impact of urban areas on the near-surface boundary layer. We find that there a clear affect of urban areas up to 15 km downwind of the city centre in both the field campaign observations and the high resolution model.
Zhenze Liu, Ke Li, Oliver Wild, Ruth M. Doherty, Fiona M. O’Connor, and Steven T. Turnock
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 16969–16981, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-16969-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-16969-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Chemistry-climate models have advanced substantially over the decades, yet they still exhibit substantial systematic biases in simulating atmospheric composition due to gaps in our understanding of underlying processes. We improve the predictions of an Earth system model using deep learning, and evaluate the performance of difference types of statistical models. We find that simulations of future surface ozone are likely to become less accurate under a warmer climate.
William Morrison, Dana Looschelders, Jonnathan Céspedes, Bernie Claxton, Marc-Antoine Drouin, Jean-Charles Dupont, Aurélien Faucheux, Martial Haeffelin, Christopher C. Holst, Simone Kotthaus, Valéry Masson, James McGregor, Jeremy Price, Matthias Zeeman, Sue Grimmond, and Andreas Christen
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 6507–6529, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-6507-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-6507-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We conducted research using sophisticated wind sensors to better understand wind patterns in Paris. By installing these sensors across the city, we gathered detailed data on wind speeds and directions from 2022 to 2024. This information helps improve weather and climate models, making them more accurate for city environments. Our findings offer valuable insights for scientists studying urban air and weather, improving predictions and understanding of city-scale atmospheric processes.
Laura Bouillon, Valérie Gros, Morgan Lopez, Nicolas Bonnaire, Carole Philippon, Camille Yver Kwok, Leslie David, Olivier Perrussel, Olivier Sanchez, Simone Kotthaus, Jean-Eudes Petit, Philippe Ciais, and Michel Ramonet
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-602, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-602, 2025
Preprint under review for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
The Saclay observatory, 20 km southwest of Paris, monitored greenhouse and reactive gases, as well as aerosols, over 10 years to assess the impact of urban emissions. By comparing downwind and background conditions, the study revealed significant reductions in pollutants linked to traffic: -35.6 % for CO, -52.3 % for NOₓ, -56.7 % for eBC, and -15 % for CO2. These trends align with emission decrease estimates from AIRPARIF inventories over the same period.
Yaxin Liu, Yunting Xiao, Lehui Cui, Qinghao Guo, Yiyang Sun, Pingqing Fu, Cong-Qiang Liu, and Jialei Zhu
Biogeosciences, 22, 6445–6464, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-6445-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-6445-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Dust carries iron deposits into the ocean, providing essential nutrients for the growth of marine phytoplankton, influencing their carbon uptake capacity. A model constrained by global datasets on dust iron content, ocean iron solubility, and dissolved iron concentrations was used to assess the contributions of 11 major dust sources to carbon uptake in 8 marine areas, enhancing understanding of the impact of global dust emissions on marine deposition and carbon cycle with decreased uncertainty.
Wenxin Zhang, Wei Hu, Mutong Niu, Quanfei Zhu, Na An, Qiang Zhang, Rui Jin, Xiaoli Fu, Jian Hao, Jianbo Yang, Jingle Liu, Jing Shi, Suqin Han, Junjun Deng, Libin Wu, Yuqi Feng, Kimitaka Kawamura, and Pingqing Fu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 14513–14533, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-14513-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-14513-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We quantified 3-hydroxy fatty acids (3-OH-FAs) in PM10 from urban Tianjin to assess airborne endotoxins, which showed clear seasonal and vertical variations. Mid-chain 3-OH-FAs were linked to microorganisms and regional secondary processes, while long-chain species were more associated with biomass burning and local secondary formation. These findings highlight distinct source pathways of 3-OH-FAs and provide insights into airborne endotoxins in urban environments.
Mingyu Li, Zhanjie Xu, Zhichao Dong, Junjun Deng, Pingqing Fu, and Chandra Mouli Pavuluri
Biogeosciences, 22, 5329–5347, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-5329-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-5329-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigated the seasonal and diurnal variability of fine aerosol composition in two forest ecosystems in North and South China. Carbonaceous/nitrogenous compound concentrations were higher in winter than summer at both sites. The forest fine aerosols in high latitude exhibited significantly greater influence from fossil fuel combustion compared to that in low latitude.
Oliver Wild and Edmund M. Ryan
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-4534, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-4534, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides the first self-consistent quantitative analysis of how a wide range of physical, chemical and meteorological processes influence tropospheric ozone and oxidation as represented in global chemistry transport models. It identifies the largest sources of uncertainty in our current understanding and demonstrates the use of observations for formally constraining models and providing information on uncertainty at a process level.
Ken S. Carslaw, Leighton A. Regayre, Ulrike Proske, Andrew Gettelman, David M. H. Sexton, Yun Qian, Lauren Marshall, Oliver Wild, Marcus van Lier-Walqui, Annika Oertel, Saloua Peatier, Ben Yang, Jill S. Johnson, Sihan Li, Daniel T. McCoy, Benjamin M. Sanderson, Christina J. Williamson, Gregory S. Elsaesser, Kuniko Yamazaki, and Ben B. B. Booth
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-4341, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-4341, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
A major challenge in climate science is reducing projection uncertainty despite advances in models and observational constraints. Perturbed parameter ensembles (PPEs) offer a powerful tool to explore and reduce uncertainty by revealing model weaknesses and guiding development. PPEs are now widely applied across climate systems and scales. We argue they should be prioritized alongside complexity and resolution in model resource planning.
Gunnar Myhre, Øivind Hodnebrog, Srinath Krishnan, Maria Sand, Marit Sandstad, Ragnhild B. Skeie, Lieven Clarisse, Bruno Franco, Dylan B. Millet, Kelley C. Wells, Alexander Archibald, Hannah N. Bryant, Alex T. Chaudhri, David S. Stevenson, Didier Hauglustaine, Michael Prather, J. Christopher Kaiser, Dirk J. L. Olivie, Michael Schulz, Oliver Wild, Ye Wang, Thérèse Salameh, Jason E. Williams, Philippe Le Sager, Fabien Paulot, Kostas Tsigaridis, and Haley E. Plaas
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3057, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3057, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) affect air quality and climate, but their behavior in the atmosphere is still uncertain. We launched a global research effort to compare how different models represent these compounds and to improve their accuracy. By analyzing model results alongside observations and satellite data, we aim to better understand the atmospheric composition of these compounds.
Qinghao Guo, Haofei Zhang, Bo Long, Lehui Cui, Yiyang Sun, Hao Liu, Yaxin Liu, Yunting Xiao, Pingqing Fu, and Jialei Zhu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 9249–9262, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-9249-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-9249-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Limonene, a natural compound from plants, reacts with pollutants to form airborne particles that influence air quality and climate. Using advanced models with explicit chemical mechanisms, we show how different reaction pathways shape organonitrate formation, with some increasing and others decreasing particle levels. This approach enhances predictions of pollution and climate impacts while deepening our understanding of how natural and human-made emissions interact in the atmosphere.
Maria P. Veláquez-García, Richard J. Pope, Steven T. Turnock, Chetan Deva, David P. Moore, Guilherme Mataveli, Steve R. Arnold, Ruth M. Doherty, and Martyn P. Chiperffield
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3579, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3579, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Incorporating fire simulation into climate models is crucial for accurately representing the interactions between fires, ecosystems, and climate, thereby enhancing climate projections. In South America, the INFERNO fire model captures active fire zones, e.g. the Amazon Arc of Deforestation, but it overestimates emissions in other areas (mainly in tree-rich ecosystems). The model errors capturing seasonal emission cycles relate to the effects of soil moisture on plant flammability and growth.
Nimra Iqbal, Marvin Ravan, Zina Mitraka, Joern Birkmann, Sue Grimmond, Denise Hertwig, Nektarios Chrysoulakis, Giorgos Somarakis, Angela Wendnagel-Beck, and Emmanouil Panagiotakis
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 2481–2502, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-2481-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-2481-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This work deepens the understanding of how perceived heat stress, human vulnerability (e.g. age, income) and adaptive capacities (e.g. green, shaded spaces) are coupled with urban structures. The results show that perceived heat stress decreases with distance from the urban center, however, human vulnerability and adaptive capacities depend more strongly on inner variations and differences between urban structures. Planning policies and adaptation strategies should account for these differences.
Emma Sands, Ruth M. Doherty, Fiona M. O'Connor, Richard J. Pope, James Weber, and Daniel P. Grosvenor
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 7269–7297, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-7269-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-7269-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We perform a detailed satellite–model comparison for isoprene, formaldehyde and aerosol optical depth in an Earth system model. We quantify the impacts of several processes that affect how biosphere–atmosphere interactions influence atmospheric chemistry and aerosols. Our findings highlight that the aerosol direct effect is sensitive to the processes studied. These results can inform future investigations of how the biosphere can affect atmospheric composition and climate.
Cynthia H. Whaley, Tim Butler, Jose A. Adame, Rupal Ambulkar, Steve R. Arnold, Rebecca R. Buchholz, Benjamin Gaubert, Douglas S. Hamilton, Min Huang, Hayley Hung, Johannes W. Kaiser, Jacek W. Kaminski, Christoph Knote, Gerbrand Koren, Jean-Luc Kouassi, Meiyun Lin, Tianjia Liu, Jianmin Ma, Kasemsan Manomaiphiboon, Elisa Bergas Masso, Jessica L. McCarty, Mariano Mertens, Mark Parrington, Helene Peiro, Pallavi Saxena, Saurabh Sonwani, Vanisa Surapipith, Damaris Y. T. Tan, Wenfu Tang, Veerachai Tanpipat, Kostas Tsigaridis, Christine Wiedinmyer, Oliver Wild, Yuanyu Xie, and Paquita Zuidema
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 3265–3309, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-3265-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-3265-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The multi-model experiment design of the HTAP3 Fires project takes a multi-pollutant approach to improving our understanding of transboundary transport of wildland fire and agricultural burning emissions and their impacts. The experiments are designed with the goal of answering science policy questions related to fires. The options for the multi-model approach, including inputs, outputs, and model setup, are discussed, and the official recommendations for the project are presented.
Hanzheng Zhu, Yaman Liu, Man Yue, Shihui Feng, Pingqing Fu, Kan Huang, Xinyi Dong, and Minghuai Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 5175–5197, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-5175-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-5175-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Dust-soluble iron deposition from East Asia plays an important role in the marine ecology of the Northwest Pacific. Using the developed model, our findings highlight a dual trend: a decrease in the overall deposition of soluble iron from dust but an increase in the solubility of the iron itself due to the enhanced atmospheric processing. The study underscores the critical roles of both dust emission and atmospheric processing in soluble iron deposition and marine ecology.
Ludovico Di Antonio, Matthias Beekmann, Guillaume Siour, Vincent Michoud, Christopher Cantrell, Astrid Bauville, Antonin Bergé, Mathieu Cazaunau, Servanne Chevaillier, Manuela Cirtog, Joel F. de Brito, Paola Formenti, Cecile Gaimoz, Olivier Garret, Aline Gratien, Valérie Gros, Martial Haeffelin, Lelia N. Hawkins, Simone Kotthaus, Gael Noyalet, Diana L. Pereira, Jean-Eudes Petit, Eva Drew Pronovost, Véronique Riffault, Chenjie Yu, Gilles Foret, Jean-François Doussin, and Claudia Di Biagio
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 4803–4831, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-4803-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-4803-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The summer of 2022 has been considered a proxy for future climate scenarios due to its hot and dry conditions. In this paper, we use the measurements from the Atmospheric Chemistry of the Suburban Forest (ACROSS) campaign, conducted in the Paris area in June–July 2022, along with observations from existing networks, to evaluate a 3D chemistry transport model (WRF–CHIMERE) simulation. Results are shown to be satisfactory, allowing us to explain the gas and aerosol variability at the campaign sites.
Zhichao Dong, Subba Rao Devineni, Xiaoli Fu, Zhanjie Xu, Mingyu Li, Pingqing Fu, Cong-Qiang Liu, and Chandra Mouli Pavuluri
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-899, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-899, 2025
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
We developed new method to detect and measure organosulfates in PM2.5. By synthesizing organosulfates and combining them with commercial standards, we improved detection accuracy. Testing air samples from Tianjin, China, we found wintertime levels of organosulfates were much higher than in other regions. Our results show how human actions directly impact air quality and provide a tool to track pollution sources. This work helps scientists understand and address harmful aerosols in environments.
Rui Jin, Wei Hu, Peimin Duan, Ming Sheng, Dandan Liu, Ziye Huang, Mutong Niu, Libin Wu, Junjun Deng, and Pingqing Fu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 1805–1829, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1805-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1805-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The metabolic capacity of atmospheric microorganisms after settling into habitats is poorly understood. We studied the molecular composition of exometabolites for cultured typical airborne microbes and traced their metabolic processes. Bacteria and fungi produce highly oxidized exometabolites and have significant variations in metabolism among different strains. These insights are pivotal for assessing the biogeochemical impacts of atmospheric microorganisms following their deposition.
Matthias Zeeman, Andreas Christen, Sue Grimmond, Daniel Fenner, William Morrison, Gregor Feigel, Markus Sulzer, and Nektarios Chrysoulakis
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 13, 393–424, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-13-393-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-13-393-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents an overview of a data system for documenting, processing, managing, and publishing data streams from research networks of atmospheric and environmental sensors of varying complexity in urban environments. Our solutions aim to deliver resilient, near-time data using freely available software.
Martial Haeffelin, Jean-François Ribaud, Jonnathan Céspedes, Jean-Charles Dupont, Aude Lemonsu, Valéry Masson, Tim Nagel, and Simone Kotthaus
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 14101–14122, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-14101-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-14101-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study highlights how the state of the urban atmospheric boundary layer impacts urban park cooling effect intensity at night. Under summertime heat wave conditions, the urban atmosphere becomes stable at night, which inhibits turbulent motions. Under those specific conditions, urban parks and woods cool much more efficiently than the surrounding built-up neighbourhoods in the evening and through the night, providing cooler air temperatures by 4 to 6° C depending on park size.
Hongyi Li, Ting Yang, Lars Nerger, Dawei Zhang, Di Zhang, Guigang Tang, Haibo Wang, Yele Sun, Pingqing Fu, Hang Su, and Zifa Wang
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 8495–8519, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-8495-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-8495-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
To accurately characterize the spatiotemporal distribution of particulate matter <2.5 µm chemical components, we developed the Nested Air Quality Prediction Model System with the Parallel Data Assimilation Framework (NAQPMS-PDAF) v2.0 for chemical components with non-Gaussian and nonlinear properties. NAQPMS-PDAF v2.0 has better computing efficiency, excels when used with a small ensemble size, and can significantly improve the simulation performance of chemical components.
Jonnathan Céspedes, Simone Kotthaus, Jana Preissler, Clément Toupoint, Ludovic Thobois, Marc-Antoine Drouin, Jean-Charles Dupont, Aurélien Faucheux, and Martial Haeffelin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 11477–11496, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11477-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11477-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The low-level jet (LLJ) is common in Paris during summer. The LLJ core height and speed significantly influence vertical mixing in the urban boundary layer, which affects air temperature variations between the urban canopy layer and surrounding rural areas, determining the urban heat island (UHI) intensity. This study highlights the importance of wind profile observations for understanding urban boundary layer dynamics and near-surface atmospheric conditions relevant to health.
Emma Sands, Richard J. Pope, Ruth M. Doherty, Fiona M. O'Connor, Chris Wilson, and Hugh Pumphrey
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 11081–11102, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11081-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11081-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Changes in vegetation alongside biomass burning impact regional atmospheric composition and air quality. Using satellite remote sensing, we find a clear linear relationship between forest cover and isoprene and a pronounced non-linear relationship between burned area and nitrogen dioxide in the southern Amazon, a region of substantial deforestation. These quantified relationships can be used for model evaluation and further exploration of biosphere-atmosphere interactions in Earth System Models.
Pierluigi Renan Guaita, Riccardo Marzuoli, Leiming Zhang, Steven Turnock, Gerbrand Koren, Oliver Wild, Paola Crippa, and Giacomo Alessandro Gerosa
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2573, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2573, 2024
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
This study assesses the global impact of tropospheric ozone on wheat crops in the 21st century under various climate scenarios. The research highlights that ozone damage to wheat varies by region and depends on both ozone levels and climate. Vulnerable regions include East Asia, Northern Europe, and the Southern and Eastern edges of the Tibetan Plateau. Our results emphasize the need of policies to reduce ozone levels and mitigate climate change to protect global food security.
Zhichao Dong, Chandra Mouli Pavuluri, Peisen Li, Zhanjie Xu, Junjun Deng, Xueyan Zhao, Xiaomai Zhao, Pingqing Fu, and Cong-Qiang Liu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 5887–5905, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5887-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5887-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Comprehensive study of optical properties of brown carbon (BrC) in fine aerosols from Tianjin, China, implied that biological emissions are major sources of BrC in summer, whereas fossil fuel combustion and biomass burning emissions are in cold periods. The direct radiation absorption caused by BrC in short wavelengths contributed about 40 % to that caused by BrC in 300–700 nm. Water-insoluble but methanol-soluble BrC contains more protein-like chromophores (PLOM) than that of water-soluble BrC.
Jiawei Li, Zhiwei Han, Pingqing Fu, Xiaohong Yao, and Mingjie Liang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3129–3161, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3129-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3129-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Organic aerosols of marine origin are important for aerosol climatic effects but are poorly understood. For the first time, an online coupled regional chemistry–climate model is applied to explore the characteristics of emission, distribution, and direct and indirect radiative effects of marine organic aerosols over the western Pacific, which reveals an important role of marine organic aerosols in perturbing cloud and radiation and promotes understanding of global aerosol climatic impact.
Ailish M. Graham, Richard J. Pope, Martyn P. Chipperfield, Sandip S. Dhomse, Matilda Pimlott, Wuhu Feng, Vikas Singh, Ying Chen, Oliver Wild, Ranjeet Sokhi, and Gufran Beig
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 789–806, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-789-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-789-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our paper uses novel satellite datasets and high-resolution emissions datasets alongside a back-trajectory model to investigate the balance of local and external sources influencing NOx air pollution changes in Delhi. We find in the post-monsoon season that NOx from local and non-local transport emissions contributes most to poor air quality in Delhi. Therefore, air quality mitigation strategies in Delhi and surrounding regions are used to control this issue.
Ting Sun, Hamidreza Omidvar, Zhenkun Li, Ning Zhang, Wenjuan Huang, Simone Kotthaus, Helen C. Ward, Zhiwen Luo, and Sue Grimmond
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 91–116, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-91-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-91-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
For the first time, we coupled a state-of-the-art urban land surface model – Surface Urban Energy and Water Scheme (SUEWS) – with the widely-used Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, creating an open-source tool that may benefit multiple applications. We tested our new system at two UK sites and demonstrated its potential by examining how human activities in various areas of Greater London influence local weather conditions.
Xuewei Hou, Oliver Wild, Bin Zhu, and James Lee
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 15395–15411, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15395-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15395-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In response to the climate crisis, many countries have committed to net zero in a certain future year. The impacts of net-zero scenarios on tropospheric O3 are less well studied and remain unclear. In this study, we quantified the changes of tropospheric O3 budgets, spatiotemporal distributions of future surface O3 in east Asia and regional O3 source contributions for 2060 under a net-zero scenario using the NCAR Community Earth System Model (CESM) and online O3-tagging methods.
Mutong Niu, Shu Huang, Wei Hu, Yajie Wang, Wanyun Xu, Wan Wei, Qiang Zhang, Zihan Wang, Donghuan Zhang, Rui Jin, Libin Wu, Junjun Deng, Fangxia Shen, and Pingqing Fu
Biogeosciences, 20, 4915–4930, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4915-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4915-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Sugar compounds in air can trace the source of bioaerosols that affect public health and climate. In rural north China, we observed increased fungal activity at night and less variable bacterial community diversity. Certain night-increasing sugar compounds were more closely related to fungi than bacteria. The fungal community greatly influenced sugar compounds, while bacteria played a limited role. Caution is advised when using sugar compounds to trace airborne microbes, particularly bacteria.
Lehui Cui, Yunting Xiao, Wei Hu, Lei Song, Yujue Wang, Chao Zhang, Pingqing Fu, and Jialei Zhu
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 5403–5425, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5403-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5403-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Isoprene is a crucial non-methane biogenic volatile organic compound with the largest global emissions, which has high chemical reactivity and serves as the primary source of natural secondary organic aerosols. This study built a module to present a 20-year global hourly dataset of marine phytoplankton-generated biological and photochemistry-generated isoprene emissions in the sea microlayers based on the latest advancements in biological, physical, and chemical processes.
Jingjing Meng, Yachen Wang, Yuanyuan Li, Tonglin Huang, Zhifei Wang, Yiqiu Wang, Min Chen, Zhanfang Hou, Houhua Zhou, Keding Lu, Kimitaka Kawamura, and Pingqing Fu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14481–14503, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14481-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14481-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigated the effect of COVID-19 lockdown (LCD) measures on the formation and evolutionary process of diacids and related compounds from field observations. Results demonstrate that more aged organic aerosols are observed during the LCD due to the enhanced photochemical oxidation. Our study also found that the reactivity of 13C was higher than that of 12C in the gaseous photochemical oxidation, leading to higher δ13C values of C2 during the LCD than before the LCD.
Zhenze Liu, Oliver Wild, Ruth M. Doherty, Fiona M. O'Connor, and Steven T. Turnock
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 13755–13768, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13755-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13755-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the impact of net-zero policies on surface ozone pollution in China. A chemistry–climate model is used to simulate ozone changes driven by local and external emissions, methane, and warmer climates. A deep learning model is applied to generate more robust ozone projection, and we find that the benefits of net-zero policies may be overestimated with the chemistry–climate model. Nevertheless, it is clear that the policies can still substantially reduce ozone pollution in future.
Megan A. Stretton, William Morrison, Robin J. Hogan, and Sue Grimmond
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 5931–5947, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-5931-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-5931-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Cities' materials and forms impact radiative fluxes. We evaluate the SPARTACUS-Urban multi-layer approach to modelling longwave radiation, describing realistic 3D geometry statistically using the explicit DART (Discrete Anisotropic Radiative Transfer) model. The temperature configurations used are derived from thermal camera observations. SPARTACUS-Urban accurately predicts longwave fluxes, with a low computational time (cf. DART), but has larger errors with sunlit/shaded surface temperatures.
Junxia Dou, Sue Grimmond, Shiguang Miao, Bei Huang, Huimin Lei, and Mingshui Liao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 13143–13166, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13143-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13143-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Multi-timescale variations in surface energy fluxes in a suburb of Beijing are analyzed using 16-month observations. Compared to previous suburban areas, this study site has larger seasonal variability in energy partitioning, and summer and winter Bowen ratios are at the lower and higher end of those at other suburban sites, respectively. Our analysis indicates that precipitation, irrigation, crop/vegetation growth activity, and land use/cover all play critical roles in energy partitioning.
Li Wu, Hyo-Jin Eom, Hanjin Yoo, Dhrubajyoti Gupta, Hye-Rin Cho, Pingqing Fu, and Chul-Un Ro
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 12571–12588, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12571-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12571-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Hygroscopicity of ambient marine aerosols is of critical relevance to investigate their atmospheric impacts, which, however, remain uncertain due to their complex compositions and mixing states. Therefore, a study on the hygroscopic behavior of ambient marine aerosols for understanding the phase states when interacting with water vapor at different RH levels and their subsequent impacts on the heterogeneous chemical reactions, atmospheric environment, and human health is of vital importance.
Qi Yuan, Yuanyuan Wang, Yixin Chen, Siyao Yue, Jian Zhang, Yinxiao Zhang, Liang Xu, Wei Hu, Dantong Liu, Pingqing Fu, Huiwang Gao, and Weijun Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9385–9399, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9385-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9385-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study for the first time found large amounts of liquid–liquid phase separation particles with soot redistributing in organic coatings instead of sulfate cores in the eastern Tibetan Plateau atmosphere. The particle size and the ratio of the organic matter coating thickness to soot size are two of the major possible factors that likely affect the soot redistribution process. The soot redistribution process promoted the morphological compaction of soot particles.
Jinghui Lian, Thomas Lauvaux, Hervé Utard, François-Marie Bréon, Grégoire Broquet, Michel Ramonet, Olivier Laurent, Ivonne Albarus, Mali Chariot, Simone Kotthaus, Martial Haeffelin, Olivier Sanchez, Olivier Perrussel, Hugo Anne Denier van der Gon, Stijn Nicolaas Camiel Dellaert, and Philippe Ciais
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8823–8835, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8823-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8823-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study quantifies urban CO2 emissions via an atmospheric inversion for the Paris metropolitan area over a 6-year period from 2016 to 2021. Results show a long-term decreasing trend of about 2 % ± 0.6 % per year in the annual CO2 emissions over Paris. We conclude that our current capacity can deliver near-real-time CO2 emission estimates at the city scale in under a month, and the results agree within 10 % with independent estimates from multiple city-scale inventories.
Dandan Liu, Yun Zhang, Shujun Zhong, Shuang Chen, Qiaorong Xie, Donghuan Zhang, Qiang Zhang, Wei Hu, Junjun Deng, Libin Wu, Chao Ma, Haijie Tong, and Pingqing Fu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8383–8402, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8383-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8383-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Based on ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis, we found that β-pinene oxidation-derived highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs) exhibit higher yield at high ozone concentration, while limonene oxidation-derived HOMs exhibit higher yield at moderate ozone concentration. The distinct molecular response of HOMs and low-volatile species in different biogenic secondary organic aerosols to ozone concentrations provides a new clue for more accurate air quality prediction and management.
Emily Dowd, Chris Wilson, Martyn P. Chipperfield, Emanuel Gloor, Alistair Manning, and Ruth Doherty
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 7363–7382, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7363-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7363-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Surface observations of methane show that the seasonal cycle amplitude (SCA) of methane is decreasing in the northern high latitudes (NHLs) but increased globally (1995–2020). The NHL decrease is counterintuitive, as we expect the SCA to increase with increasing concentrations. We use a chemical transport model to investigate changes in SCA in the NHLs. We find well-mixed methane and changes in emissions from Canada, the Middle East, and Europe are the largest contributors to the SCA in NHLs.
Lei Kong, Xiao Tang, Jiang Zhu, Zifa Wang, Yele Sun, Pingqing Fu, Meng Gao, Huangjian Wu, Miaomiao Lu, Qian Wu, Shuyuan Huang, Wenxuan Sui, Jie Li, Xiaole Pan, Lin Wu, Hajime Akimoto, and Gregory R. Carmichael
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 6217–6240, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6217-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6217-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
A multi-air-pollutant inversion system has been developed in this study to estimate emission changes in China during COVID-19 lockdown. The results demonstrate that the lockdown is largely a nationwide road traffic control measure with NOx emissions decreasing by ~40 %. Emissions of other species only decreased by ~10 % due to smaller effects of lockdown on other sectors. Assessment results further indicate that the lockdown only had limited effects on the control of PM2.5 and O3 in China.
Ernesto Reyes-Villegas, Douglas Lowe, Jill S. Johnson, Kenneth S. Carslaw, Eoghan Darbyshire, Michael Flynn, James D. Allan, Hugh Coe, Ying Chen, Oliver Wild, Scott Archer-Nicholls, Alex Archibald, Siddhartha Singh, Manish Shrivastava, Rahul A. Zaveri, Vikas Singh, Gufran Beig, Ranjeet Sokhi, and Gordon McFiggans
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 5763–5782, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5763-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5763-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Organic aerosols (OAs), their sources and their processes remain poorly understood. The volatility basis set (VBS) approach, implemented in air quality models such as WRF-Chem, can be a useful tool to describe primary OA (POA) production and aging. However, the main disadvantage is its complexity. We used a Gaussian process simulator to reproduce model results and to estimate the sources of model uncertainty. We do this by comparing the outputs with OA observations made at Delhi, India, in 2018.
Joanna E. Dyson, Lisa K. Whalley, Eloise J. Slater, Robert Woodward-Massey, Chunxiang Ye, James D. Lee, Freya Squires, James R. Hopkins, Rachel E. Dunmore, Marvin Shaw, Jacqueline F. Hamilton, Alastair C. Lewis, Stephen D. Worrall, Asan Bacak, Archit Mehra, Thomas J. Bannan, Hugh Coe, Carl J. Percival, Bin Ouyang, C. Nicholas Hewitt, Roderic L. Jones, Leigh R. Crilley, Louisa J. Kramer, W. Joe F. Acton, William J. Bloss, Supattarachai Saksakulkrai, Jingsha Xu, Zongbo Shi, Roy M. Harrison, Simone Kotthaus, Sue Grimmond, Yele Sun, Weiqi Xu, Siyao Yue, Lianfang Wei, Pingqing Fu, Xinming Wang, Stephen R. Arnold, and Dwayne E. Heard
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 5679–5697, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5679-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5679-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The hydroxyl (OH) and closely coupled hydroperoxyl (HO2) radicals are vital for their role in the removal of atmospheric pollutants. In less polluted regions, atmospheric models over-predict HO2 concentrations. In this modelling study, the impact of heterogeneous uptake of HO2 onto aerosol surfaces on radical concentrations and the ozone production regime in Beijing in the summertime is investigated, and the implications for emissions policies across China are considered.
Zixuan Jia, Carlos Ordóñez, Ruth M. Doherty, Oliver Wild, Steven T. Turnock, and Fiona M. O'Connor
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 2829–2842, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2829-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2829-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates the influence of the winter large-scale circulation on daily concentrations of PM2.5 and their sensitivity to emissions. The new proposed circulation index can effectively distinguish different levels of air pollution and explain changes in PM2.5 sensitivity to emissions from local and surrounding regions. We then project future changes in PM2.5 concentrations using this index and find an increase in PM2.5 concentrations over the region due to climate change.
Zhichao Dong, Chandra Mouli Pavuluri, Zhanjie Xu, Yu Wang, Peisen Li, Pingqing Fu, and Cong-Qiang Liu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 2119–2143, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2119-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2119-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study has provided comprehensive baseline data of carbonaceous and inorganic aerosols as well as their isotope ratios in the Tianjin region, North China, found that Tianjin aerosols were derived from coal combustion, biomass burning and photochemical reactions of VOCs, and also implied that the Tianjin aerosols were more aged during long-range atmospheric transport in summer via carbonaceous and isotope data analysis.
Shujun Zhong, Shuang Chen, Junjun Deng, Yanbing Fan, Qiang Zhang, Qiaorong Xie, Yulin Qi, Wei Hu, Libin Wu, Xiaodong Li, Chandra Mouli Pavuluri, Jialei Zhu, Xin Wang, Di Liu, Xiaole Pan, Yele Sun, Zifa Wang, Yisheng Xu, Haijie Tong, Hang Su, Yafang Cheng, Kimitaka Kawamura, and Pingqing Fu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 2061–2077, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2061-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2061-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigated the role of the secondary organic aerosol (SOA) loading on the molecular composition of wintertime urban aerosols by ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry. Results demonstrate that the SOA loading is an important factor associated with the oxidation degree, nitrate group content, and chemodiversity of nitrooxy–organosulfates. Our study also found that the hydrolysis of nitrooxy–organosulfates is a possible pathway for the formation of organosulfates.
Simone Kotthaus, Juan Antonio Bravo-Aranda, Martine Collaud Coen, Juan Luis Guerrero-Rascado, Maria João Costa, Domenico Cimini, Ewan J. O'Connor, Maxime Hervo, Lucas Alados-Arboledas, María Jiménez-Portaz, Lucia Mona, Dominique Ruffieux, Anthony Illingworth, and Martial Haeffelin
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 433–479, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-433-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-433-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Profile observations of the atmospheric boundary layer now allow for layer heights and characteristics to be derived at high temporal and vertical resolution. With novel high-density ground-based remote-sensing measurement networks emerging, horizontal information content is also increasing. This review summarises the capabilities and limitations of various sensors and retrieval algorithms which need to be considered during the harmonisation of data products for high-impact applications.
Andreas Plach, Rolf Rüfenacht, Simone Kotthaus, and Markus Leuenberger
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-1019, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-1019, 2022
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
Greenhouse gases emissions are contributing to global warming and it is essential to better understand where they originate from and how they are transported. In this study we analyze greenhouse gas observations at a Swiss tall tower where measurements are taken more than 200 m above ground and investigate their origin by looking at the condition of the atmosphere at the time of the observations. We find that most pollution at this site is caused from emissions transported from further away.
Mathew Lipson, Sue Grimmond, Martin Best, Winston T. L. Chow, Andreas Christen, Nektarios Chrysoulakis, Andrew Coutts, Ben Crawford, Stevan Earl, Jonathan Evans, Krzysztof Fortuniak, Bert G. Heusinkveld, Je-Woo Hong, Jinkyu Hong, Leena Järvi, Sungsoo Jo, Yeon-Hee Kim, Simone Kotthaus, Keunmin Lee, Valéry Masson, Joseph P. McFadden, Oliver Michels, Wlodzimierz Pawlak, Matthias Roth, Hirofumi Sugawara, Nigel Tapper, Erik Velasco, and Helen Claire Ward
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 5157–5178, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5157-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5157-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We describe a new openly accessible collection of atmospheric observations from 20 cities around the world, capturing 50 site years. The observations capture local meteorology (temperature, humidity, wind, etc.) and the energy fluxes between the land and atmosphere (e.g. radiation and sensible and latent heat fluxes). These observations can be used to improve our understanding of urban climate processes and to test the accuracy of urban climate models.
David S. Stevenson, Richard G. Derwent, Oliver Wild, and William J. Collins
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 14243–14252, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14243-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14243-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Atmospheric methane’s growth rate rose by 50 % in 2020 relative to 2019. Lower nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions tend to increase methane’s atmospheric residence time; lower carbon monoxide (CO) and non-methane volatile organic compound (NMVOC) emissions decrease its lifetime. Combining model sensitivities with emission changes, we find that COVID-19 lockdown emission reductions can explain over half the observed increases in methane in 2020.
Xiaoying Niu, Wei Pu, Pingqing Fu, Yang Chen, Yuxuan Xing, Dongyou Wu, Ziqi Chen, Tenglong Shi, Yue Zhou, Hui Wen, and Xin Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 14075–14094, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14075-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14075-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we do the first investigation of WSOC in seasonal snow of northeastern China. The results revealed the regional-specific compositions and sources of WSOC due to different natural environments and anthropogenic activities. The abundant concentrations of WSOC and its absorption properties contributed to a crucial impact on the snow albedo and radiative effect. We established that our study could raise awareness of carbon cycling processes, hydrological processes, and climate change.
Zhenze Liu, Ruth M. Doherty, Oliver Wild, Fiona M. O'Connor, and Steven T. Turnock
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 12543–12557, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12543-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12543-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Weaknesses in process representation in chemistry–climate models lead to biases in simulating surface ozone and to uncertainty in projections of future ozone change. We develop a deep learning model to demonstrate the feasibility of ozone bias correction and show its capability in providing improved assessments of the impacts of climate and emission changes on future air quality, along with valuable information to guide future model development.
Zhiqiang Zhang, Yele Sun, Chun Chen, Bo You, Aodong Du, Weiqi Xu, Yan Li, Zhijie Li, Lu Lei, Wei Zhou, Jiaxing Sun, Yanmei Qiu, Lianfang Wei, Pingqing Fu, and Zifa Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 10409–10423, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10409-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10409-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We present a comprehensive characterization of water-soluble organic aerosol and the first mass spectral characterization of water-insoluble organic aerosol in the cold season in Beijing by integrating online and offline aerosol mass spectrometer measurements. WSOA comprised dominantly secondary OA and showed large changes during the transition season from autumn to winter. WIOA was characterized by prominent hydrocarbon ions series, low oxidation states, and significant day–night differences.
Will S. Drysdale, Adam R. Vaughan, Freya A. Squires, Sam J. Cliff, Stefan Metzger, David Durden, Natchaya Pingintha-Durden, Carole Helfter, Eiko Nemitz, C. Sue B. Grimmond, Janet Barlow, Sean Beevers, Gregor Stewart, David Dajnak, Ruth M. Purvis, and James D. Lee
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 9413–9433, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9413-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9413-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Measurements of NOx emissions are important for a good understanding of air quality. While there are many direct measurements of NOx concentration, there are very few measurements of its emission. Measurements of emissions provide constraints on emissions inventories and air quality models. This article presents measurements of NOx emission from the BT Tower in central London in 2017 and compares them with inventories, finding that they underestimate by a factor of ∼1.48.
Le Yuan, Olalekan A. M. Popoola, Christina Hood, David Carruthers, Roderic L. Jones, Haitong Zhe Sun, Huan Liu, Qiang Zhang, and Alexander T. Archibald
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 8617–8637, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8617-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8617-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Emission estimates represent a major source of uncertainty in air quality modelling. We developed a novel approach to improve emission estimates from existing inventories using air quality models and routine in situ observations. Using this approach, we derived improved estimates of NOx emissions from the transport sector in Beijing in 2016. This approach has great potential in deriving timely updates of emissions for other pollutants, particularly in regions undergoing rapid emission changes.
Jiaxing Sun, Yele Sun, Conghui Xie, Weiqi Xu, Chun Chen, Zhe Wang, Lei Li, Xubing Du, Fugui Huang, Yan Li, Zhijie Li, Xiaole Pan, Nan Ma, Wanyun Xu, Pingqing Fu, and Zifa Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 7619–7630, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7619-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7619-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We analyzed the chemical composition and mixing state of BC-containing particles at urban and rural sites in winter in the North China Plain and evaluated their impact on light absorption enhancement. BC was dominantly mixed with organic carbon, nitrate, and sulfate, and the mixing state evolved significantly as a function of relative humidity (RH) at both sites. The absorption enhancement depended strongly on coated secondary inorganic aerosol and was up to ~1.3–1.4 during aging processes.
Shipra Jain, Ruth M. Doherty, David Sexton, Steven Turnock, Chaofan Li, Zixuan Jia, Zongbo Shi, and Lin Pei
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 7443–7460, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7443-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7443-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We provide a range of future projections of winter haze and clear conditions over the North China Plain (NCP) using multiple simulations from a climate model for the high-emission scenario (RCP8.5). The frequency of haze conducive weather is likely to increase whereas the frequency of clear weather is likely to decrease in future. The total number of hazy days for a given winter can be as much as ˜3.5 times higher than the number of clear days over the NCP.
Zixuan Jia, Ruth M. Doherty, Carlos Ordóñez, Chaofan Li, Oliver Wild, Shipra Jain, and Xiao Tang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 6471–6487, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6471-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6471-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates the modulation of daily PM2.5 over three major populated regions in China by regional meteorology and large-scale circulation during winter. These results demonstrate the benefits of considering the large-scale circulation for air quality studies. The novel circulation indices proposed here can explain a considerable fraction of the day-to-day variability of PM2.5 and can be combined with regional meteorology to improve our capability to predict the variability of PM2.5.
Junjun Deng, Hao Ma, Xinfeng Wang, Shujun Zhong, Zhimin Zhang, Jialei Zhu, Yanbing Fan, Wei Hu, Libin Wu, Xiaodong Li, Lujie Ren, Chandra Mouli Pavuluri, Xiaole Pan, Yele Sun, Zifa Wang, Kimitaka Kawamura, and Pingqing Fu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 6449–6470, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6449-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6449-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Light-absorbing brown carbon (BrC) plays an important role in climate change and atmospheric chemistry. Here we investigated the seasonal and diurnal variations in water-soluble BrC in PM2.5 in the megacity Tianjin in coastal China. Results of the source apportionments from the combination with organic molecular compositions and optical properties of water-soluble BrC reveal a large contribution from primary bioaerosol particles to BrC in the urban atmosphere.
Yiqing Liu, Zhiwen Luo, and Sue Grimmond
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 4721–4735, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4721-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4721-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Anthropogenic heat emission from buildings is important for atmospheric modelling in cities. The current building anthropogenic heat flux is simplified by building energy consumption. Our research proposes a novel approach to determine ‘real’ building anthropogenic heat emission from the changes in energy balance fluxes between occupied and unoccupied buildings. We hope to provide new insights into future parameterisations of building anthropogenic heat flux in urban climate models.
Hamidreza Omidvar, Ting Sun, Sue Grimmond, Dave Bilesbach, Andrew Black, Jiquan Chen, Zexia Duan, Zhiqiu Gao, Hiroki Iwata, and Joseph P. McFadden
Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 3041–3078, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-3041-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-3041-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This paper extends the applicability of the SUEWS to extensive pervious areas outside cities. We derived various parameters such as leaf area index, albedo, roughness parameters and surface conductance for non-urban areas. The relation between LAI and albedo is also explored. The methods and parameters discussed can be used for both online and offline simulations. Using appropriate parameters related to non-urban areas is essential for assessing urban–rural differences.
Yanhong Zhu, Weijun Li, Yue Wang, Jian Zhang, Lei Liu, Liang Xu, Jingsha Xu, Jinhui Shi, Longyi Shao, Pingqing Fu, Daizhou Zhang, and Zongbo Shi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 2191–2202, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2191-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2191-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The solubilities of iron in fine particles in a megacity in Eastern China were studied under haze, fog, dust, clear, and rain weather conditions. For the first time, a receptor model was used to quantify the sources of dissolved and total iron aerosol. Microscopic analysis further confirmed the aging of iron aerosol during haze and fog conditions that facilitated dissolution of insoluble iron.
Yaqing Zhou, Nan Ma, Qiaoqiao Wang, Zhibin Wang, Chunrong Chen, Jiangchuan Tao, Juan Hong, Long Peng, Yao He, Linhong Xie, Shaowen Zhu, Yuxuan Zhang, Guo Li, Wanyun Xu, Peng Cheng, Uwe Kuhn, Guangsheng Zhou, Pingqing Fu, Qiang Zhang, Hang Su, and Yafang Cheng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 2029–2047, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2029-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2029-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study characterizes size-resolved particle effective densities and their evolution associated with emissions and aging processes in a rural area of the North China Plain. Particle effective density exhibits a high-frequency bimodal distribution, and two density modes exhibit opposite trends with increasing particle size. SIA and BC mass fractions are key factors of particle effective density, and a value of 0.6 g cm−3 is appropriate to represent BC effective density in bulk particles.
Zhenze Liu, Ruth M. Doherty, Oliver Wild, Fiona M. O'Connor, and Steven T. Turnock
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 1209–1227, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1209-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1209-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Tropospheric ozone is important to future air quality and climate, and changing emissions and climate influence ozone. We investigate the evolution of ozone and ozone sensitivity from the present day (2004–2014) to the future (2045–2055) and explore the main drivers of ozone changes from global and regional perspectives. This helps guide suitable emission control strategies to mitigate ozone pollution.
Daniel R. Peters, Olalekan A. M. Popoola, Roderic L. Jones, Nicholas A. Martin, Jim Mills, Elizabeth R. Fonseca, Amy Stidworthy, Ella Forsyth, David Carruthers, Megan Dupuy-Todd, Felicia Douglas, Katie Moore, Rishabh U. Shah, Lauren E. Padilla, and Ramón A. Alvarez
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 321–334, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-321-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-321-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We present more than 2 years of NO2 pollution measurements from a sensor network in Greater London and compare results to an extensive network of expensive reference-grade monitors. We show the ability of our lower-cost network to generate robust insights about local air pollution. We also show how irregularities in sensor performance lead to some uncertainty in results and demonstrate ways that future users can characterize and mitigate uncertainties to get the most value from sensor data.
Jiaxing Sun, Zhe Wang, Wei Zhou, Conghui Xie, Cheng Wu, Chun Chen, Tingting Han, Qingqing Wang, Zhijie Li, Jie Li, Pingqing Fu, Zifa Wang, and Yele Sun
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 561–575, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-561-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-561-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We analyzed 9-year measurements of BC and aerosol optical properties from 2012 to 2020 in Beijing, China. Our results showed large reductions in BC and light extinction coefficient due to the Clean Air Action Plan. As a response, both SSA and mass extinction efficiency (MEE) showed considerable increases, demonstrating a future challenge in visibility improvement. The primary and secondary BrC was also separated and quantified, and the changes in radiative forcing of BC and BrC were estimated.
Jean-François Ribaud, Martial Haeffelin, Jean-Charles Dupont, Marc-Antoine Drouin, Felipe Toledo, and Simone Kotthaus
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 7893–7907, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-7893-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-7893-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
PARAFOG is a near-real-time decision tool that aims to retrieve pre-fog alert levels minutes to hours prior to fog onset. The second version of PARAFOG allows us to discriminate between radiation and stratus lowering fog situations. It is based upon the combination of visibility observations and automatic lidar and ceilometer measurements. The overall performance of the second version of PARAFOG over more than 300 fog cases at five different locations presents a good perfomance.
Yuting Zhang, Hang Liu, Shandong Lei, Wanyun Xu, Yu Tian, Weijie Yao, Xiaoyong Liu, Qi Liao, Jie Li, Chun Chen, Yele Sun, Pingqing Fu, Jinyuan Xin, Junji Cao, Xiaole Pan, and Zifa Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 17631–17648, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17631-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17631-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, the authors used a single-particle soot photometer (SP2) to characterize the particle size, mixing state, and optical properties of black carbon aerosols in rural areas of the North China Plain in winter. Relatively warm and high-RH environments (RH > 50 %, −4° < T < 4 °) were more favorable to rBC aging than dry and cold environments (RH < 60 %, T < −8°). The paper emphasizes the importance of meteorological parameters in the mixing state of black carbon.
Deepchandra Srivastava, Jingsha Xu, Tuan V. Vu, Di Liu, Linjie Li, Pingqing Fu, Siqi Hou, Natalia Moreno Palmerola, Zongbo Shi, and Roy M. Harrison
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 14703–14724, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14703-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14703-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents the source apportionment of PM2.5 performed by positive matrix factorization (PMF) at urban and rural sites in Beijing. These factors are interpreted as traffic emissions, biomass burning, road and soil dust, coal and oil combustion, and secondary inorganics. PMF failed to resolve some sources identified by CMB and AMS and appears to overestimate the dust sources. Comparison with earlier PMF studies from the Beijing area highlights inconsistent findings using this method.
Edmund Ryan and Oliver Wild
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 5373–5391, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-5373-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-5373-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Atmospheric chemistry transport models are important tools to investigate the local, regional and global controls on atmospheric composition and air quality. In this study, we estimate some of the model parameters using machine learning and statistics. Our findings identify the level of error and spatial coverage in the O2 and CO data that are needed to achieve good parameter estimates. We also highlight the benefits of using multiple constraints to calibrate atmospheric chemistry models.
Hong Ren, Wei Hu, Lianfang Wei, Siyao Yue, Jian Zhao, Linjie Li, Libin Wu, Wanyu Zhao, Lujie Ren, Mingjie Kang, Qiaorong Xie, Sihui Su, Xiaole Pan, Zifa Wang, Yele Sun, Kimitaka Kawamura, and Pingqing Fu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 12949–12963, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-12949-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-12949-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents vertical profiles of biogenic and anthropogenic secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) in the urban boundary layer based on a 325 m tower in Beijing in late summer. The increases in the isoprene and toluene SOAs with height were found to be more related to regional transport, whereas the decrease in those from monoterpenes and sesquiterpene were more subject to local emissions. Such complicated vertical distributions of SOA should be considered in future modeling work.
Qiaorong Xie, Sihui Su, Jing Chen, Yuqing Dai, Siyao Yue, Hang Su, Haijie Tong, Wanyu Zhao, Lujie Ren, Yisheng Xu, Dong Cao, Ying Li, Yele Sun, Zifa Wang, Cong-Qiang Liu, Kimitaka Kawamura, Guibin Jiang, Yafang Cheng, and Pingqing Fu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 11453–11465, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11453-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11453-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigated the role of nighttime chemistry during Chinese New Year's Eve that enhances the formation of nitrooxy organosulfates in the aerosol phase. Results show that anthropogenic precursors, together with biogenic ones, considerably contribute to the formation of low-volatility nitrooxy OSs. Our study provides detailed molecular composition of firework-related aerosols, which gives new insights into the physicochemical properties and potential health effects of urban aerosols.
Jinghui Lian, François-Marie Bréon, Grégoire Broquet, Thomas Lauvaux, Bo Zheng, Michel Ramonet, Irène Xueref-Remy, Simone Kotthaus, Martial Haeffelin, and Philippe Ciais
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 10707–10726, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10707-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10707-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Currently there is growing interest in monitoring city-scale CO2 emissions based on atmospheric CO2 measurements, atmospheric transport modeling, and inversion technique. We analyze the various sources of uncertainty that impact the atmospheric CO2 modeling and that may compromise the potential of this method for the monitoring of CO2 emission over Paris. Results suggest selection criteria for the assimilation of CO2 measurements into the inversion system that aims at retrieving city emissions.
Zhenze Liu, Ruth M. Doherty, Oliver Wild, Michael Hollaway, and Fiona M. O’Connor
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 10689–10706, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10689-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10689-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Surface ozone (O3) has become the main cause of atmospheric pollution in the summertime in China since 2013. We find that 70 % reductions in NOx emissions are required to reduce O3 pollution in most of industrial regions of China, and controls in VOC emissions are very important. The new chemical scheme developed for a global chemistry–climate model not only captures the regional air pollution but also benefits the future studies of regional air-quality–climate interactions.
Haijie Tong, Fobang Liu, Alexander Filippi, Jake Wilson, Andrea M. Arangio, Yun Zhang, Siyao Yue, Steven Lelieveld, Fangxia Shen, Helmi-Marja K. Keskinen, Jing Li, Haoxuan Chen, Ting Zhang, Thorsten Hoffmann, Pingqing Fu, William H. Brune, Tuukka Petäjä, Markku Kulmala, Maosheng Yao, Thomas Berkemeier, Manabu Shiraiwa, and Ulrich Pöschl
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 10439–10455, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10439-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10439-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We measured radical yields of aqueous PM2.5 extracts and found lower yields at higher concentrations of PM2.5. Abundances of water-soluble transition metals and aromatics in PM2.5 were positively correlated with the relative fraction of •OH but negatively correlated with the relative fraction of C-centered radicals among detected radicals. Composition-dependent reactive species yields may explain differences in the reactivity and health effects of PM2.5 in clean versus polluted air.
Baozhu Ge, Danhui Xu, Oliver Wild, Xuefeng Yao, Junhua Wang, Xueshun Chen, Qixin Tan, Xiaole Pan, and Zifa Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 9441–9454, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-9441-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-9441-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, an improved sequential sampling method is developed and implemented to estimate the contribution of below-cloud and in-cloud wet deposition over four years of measurements in Beijing. We find that the contribution of below-cloud scavenging for Ca2+, SO4 2–, and NH4+ decreases from above 50 % in 2014 to below 40 % in 2017. This suggests that the Action Plan has mitigated particulate matter pollution in the surface layer and hence decreased scavenging due to the washout process.
Siqi Hou, Di Liu, Jingsha Xu, Tuan V. Vu, Xuefang Wu, Deepchandra Srivastava, Pingqing Fu, Linjie Li, Yele Sun, Athanasia Vlachou, Vaios Moschos, Gary Salazar, Sönke Szidat, André S. H. Prévôt, Roy M. Harrison, and Zongbo Shi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 8273–8292, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8273-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8273-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides a newly developed method which combines radiocarbon (14C) with organic tracers to enable source apportionment of primary and secondary fossil vs. non-fossil sources of carbonaceous aerosols at an urban and a rural site of Beijing. The source apportionment results were compared with those by chemical mass balance and AMS/ACSM-PMF methods. Correlations of WINSOC and WSOC with different sources of OC were also performed to elucidate the formation mechanisms of SOC.
Jingsha Xu, Di Liu, Xuefang Wu, Tuan V. Vu, Yanli Zhang, Pingqing Fu, Yele Sun, Weiqi Xu, Bo Zheng, Roy M. Harrison, and Zongbo Shi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 7321–7341, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7321-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7321-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Source apportionment of fine aerosols in an urban site of Beijing used a chemical mass balance (CMB) model. Seven primary sources (industrial/residential coal burning, biomass burning, gasoline/diesel vehicles, cooking and vegetative detritus) explained an average of 75.7 % and 56.1 % of fine OC in winter and summer, respectively. CMB was found to resolve more primary OA sources than AMS-PMF, but the latter apportioned more secondary OA sources.
Claire E. Reeves, Graham P. Mills, Lisa K. Whalley, W. Joe F. Acton, William J. Bloss, Leigh R. Crilley, Sue Grimmond, Dwayne E. Heard, C. Nicholas Hewitt, James R. Hopkins, Simone Kotthaus, Louisa J. Kramer, Roderic L. Jones, James D. Lee, Yanhui Liu, Bin Ouyang, Eloise Slater, Freya Squires, Xinming Wang, Robert Woodward-Massey, and Chunxiang Ye
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 6315–6330, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6315-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6315-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The impact of isoprene on atmospheric chemistry is dependent on how its oxidation products interact with other pollutants, specifically nitrogen oxides. Such interactions can lead to isoprene nitrates. We made measurements of the concentrations of individual isoprene nitrate isomers in Beijing and used a model to test current understanding of their chemistry. We highlight areas of uncertainty in understanding, in particular the chemistry following oxidation of isoprene by the nitrate radical.
Philippe Massicotte, Rainer M. W. Amon, David Antoine, Philippe Archambault, Sergio Balzano, Simon Bélanger, Ronald Benner, Dominique Boeuf, Annick Bricaud, Flavienne Bruyant, Gwenaëlle Chaillou, Malik Chami, Bruno Charrière, Jing Chen, Hervé Claustre, Pierre Coupel, Nicole Delsaut, David Doxaran, Jens Ehn, Cédric Fichot, Marie-Hélène Forget, Pingqing Fu, Jonathan Gagnon, Nicole Garcia, Beat Gasser, Jean-François Ghiglione, Gaby Gorsky, Michel Gosselin, Priscillia Gourvil, Yves Gratton, Pascal Guillot, Hermann J. Heipieper, Serge Heussner, Stanford B. Hooker, Yannick Huot, Christian Jeanthon, Wade Jeffrey, Fabien Joux, Kimitaka Kawamura, Bruno Lansard, Edouard Leymarie, Heike Link, Connie Lovejoy, Claudie Marec, Dominique Marie, Johannie Martin, Jacobo Martín, Guillaume Massé, Atsushi Matsuoka, Vanessa McKague, Alexandre Mignot, William L. Miller, Juan-Carlos Miquel, Alfonso Mucci, Kaori Ono, Eva Ortega-Retuerta, Christos Panagiotopoulos, Tim Papakyriakou, Marc Picheral, Louis Prieur, Patrick Raimbault, Joséphine Ras, Rick A. Reynolds, André Rochon, Jean-François Rontani, Catherine Schmechtig, Sabine Schmidt, Richard Sempéré, Yuan Shen, Guisheng Song, Dariusz Stramski, Eri Tachibana, Alexandre Thirouard, Imma Tolosa, Jean-Éric Tremblay, Mickael Vaïtilingom, Daniel Vaulot, Frédéric Vaultier, John K. Volkman, Huixiang Xie, Guangming Zheng, and Marcel Babin
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 1561–1592, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1561-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1561-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The MALINA oceanographic expedition was conducted in the Mackenzie River and the Beaufort Sea systems. The sampling was performed across seven shelf–basin transects to capture the meridional gradient between the estuary and the open ocean. The main goal of this research program was to better understand how processes such as primary production are influencing the fate of organic matter originating from the surrounding terrestrial landscape during its transition toward the Arctic Ocean.
Steven J. Campbell, Kate Wolfer, Battist Utinger, Joe Westwood, Zhi-Hui Zhang, Nicolas Bukowiecki, Sarah S. Steimer, Tuan V. Vu, Jingsha Xu, Nicholas Straw, Steven Thomson, Atallah Elzein, Yele Sun, Di Liu, Linjie Li, Pingqing Fu, Alastair C. Lewis, Roy M. Harrison, William J. Bloss, Miranda Loh, Mark R. Miller, Zongbo Shi, and Markus Kalberer
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 5549–5573, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5549-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5549-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we quantify PM2.5 oxidative potential (OP), a metric widely suggested as a potential measure of particle toxicity, in Beijing in summer and winter using four acellular assays. We correlate PM2.5 OP with a comprehensive range of atmospheric and particle composition measurements, demonstrating inter-assay differences and seasonal variation of PM2.5 OP. Using multivariate statistical analysis, we highlight specific particle chemical components and sources that influence OP.
Weiqi Xu, Chun Chen, Yanmei Qiu, Ying Li, Zhiqiang Zhang, Eleni Karnezi, Spyros N. Pandis, Conghui Xie, Zhijie Li, Jiaxing Sun, Nan Ma, Wanyun Xu, Pingqing Fu, Zifa Wang, Jiang Zhu, Douglas R. Worsnop, Nga Lee Ng, and Yele Sun
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 5463–5476, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5463-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5463-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Here aerosol volatility and viscosity at a rural site (Gucheng) and an urban site (Beijing) in the North China Plain (NCP) were investigated in summer and winter. Our results showed that organic aerosol (OA) in winter in the NCP is more volatile than that in summer due to enhanced primary emissions from coal combustion and biomass burning. We also found that OA existed mainly as a solid in winter in Beijing but as semisolids in Beijing in summer and Gucheng in winter.
Wenhua Wang, Longyi Shao, Claudio Mazzoleni, Yaowei Li, Simone Kotthaus, Sue Grimmond, Janarjan Bhandari, Jiaoping Xing, Xiaolei Feng, Mengyuan Zhang, and Zongbo Shi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 5301–5314, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5301-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5301-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We compared the characteristics of individual particles at ground level and above the mixed-layer height. We found that the particles above the mixed-layer height during haze periods are more aged compared to ground level. More coal-combustion-related primary organic particles were found above the mixed-layer height. We suggest that the particles above the mixed-layer height are affected by the surrounding areas, and once mixed down to the ground, they might contribute to ground air pollution.
Santosh Kumar Verma, Kimitaka Kawamura, Fei Yang, Pingqing Fu, Yugo Kanaya, and Zifa Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 4959–4978, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-4959-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-4959-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We studied aerosol samples collected in autumn 2007 with day and night intervals in a rural site of Mangshan, north of Beijing, for sugar compounds (SCs) that are abundant organic aerosol components and can influence the air quality and climate. We found higher concentrations of biomass burning (BB) products at nighttime than daytime, whereas pollen tracers and other SCs showed an opposite diurnal trend, because this site is meteorologically characterized by a mountain/valley breeze.
Tabish Umar Ansari, Oliver Wild, Edmund Ryan, Ying Chen, Jie Li, and Zifa Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 4471–4485, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-4471-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-4471-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We use novel modelling approaches to quantify the lingering effects of 1 d local and regional emission controls on subsequent days, the effects of longer continuous emission controls of individual sectors over different regions, and the effects of combined emission controls of multiple sectors and regions on air quality in Beijing under varying weather conditions to inform precise short-term emission control policies for avoiding heavy haze pollution in Beijing.
Paul T. Griffiths, Lee T. Murray, Guang Zeng, Youngsub Matthew Shin, N. Luke Abraham, Alexander T. Archibald, Makoto Deushi, Louisa K. Emmons, Ian E. Galbally, Birgit Hassler, Larry W. Horowitz, James Keeble, Jane Liu, Omid Moeini, Vaishali Naik, Fiona M. O'Connor, Naga Oshima, David Tarasick, Simone Tilmes, Steven T. Turnock, Oliver Wild, Paul J. Young, and Prodromos Zanis
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 4187–4218, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-4187-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-4187-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We analyse the CMIP6 Historical and future simulations for tropospheric ozone, a species which is important for many aspects of atmospheric chemistry. We show that the current generation of models agrees well with observations, being particularly successful in capturing trends in surface ozone and its vertical distribution in the troposphere. We analyse the factors that control ozone and show that they evolve over the period of the CMIP6 experiments.
Roland Stirnberg, Jan Cermak, Simone Kotthaus, Martial Haeffelin, Hendrik Andersen, Julia Fuchs, Miae Kim, Jean-Eudes Petit, and Olivier Favez
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 3919–3948, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3919-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3919-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Air pollution endangers human health and poses a problem particularly in densely populated areas. Here, an explainable machine learning approach is used to analyse periods of high particle concentrations for a suburban site southwest of Paris to better understand its atmospheric drivers. Air pollution is particularly excaberated by low temperatures and low mixed layer heights, but processes vary substantially between and within seasons.
Lei Liu, Jian Zhang, Yinxiao Zhang, Yuanyuan Wang, Liang Xu, Qi Yuan, Dantong Liu, Yele Sun, Pingqing Fu, Zongbo Shi, and Weijun Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 2251–2265, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2251-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2251-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We found that large numbers of light-absorbing primary organic particles with high viscosity, especially tarballs, from domestic coal and biomass burning occurred in rural and even urban hazes in the winter of North China. For the first time, we characterized the atmospheric aging process of these burning-related primary organic particles by microscopic analysis and further evaluated their light absorption enhancement resulting from the “lensing effect” of secondary inorganic coatings.
Lisa K. Whalley, Eloise J. Slater, Robert Woodward-Massey, Chunxiang Ye, James D. Lee, Freya Squires, James R. Hopkins, Rachel E. Dunmore, Marvin Shaw, Jacqueline F. Hamilton, Alastair C. Lewis, Archit Mehra, Stephen D. Worrall, Asan Bacak, Thomas J. Bannan, Hugh Coe, Carl J. Percival, Bin Ouyang, Roderic L. Jones, Leigh R. Crilley, Louisa J. Kramer, William J. Bloss, Tuan Vu, Simone Kotthaus, Sue Grimmond, Yele Sun, Weiqi Xu, Siyao Yue, Lujie Ren, W. Joe F. Acton, C. Nicholas Hewitt, Xinming Wang, Pingqing Fu, and Dwayne E. Heard
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 2125–2147, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2125-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2125-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
To understand how emission controls will impact ozone, an understanding of the sources and sinks of OH and the chemical cycling between peroxy radicals is needed. This paper presents measurements of OH, HO2 and total RO2 taken in central Beijing. The radical observations are compared to a detailed chemistry model, which shows that under low NO conditions, there is a missing OH source. Under high NOx conditions, the model under-predicts RO2 and impacts our ability to model ozone.
Rutambhara Joshi, Dantong Liu, Eiko Nemitz, Ben Langford, Neil Mullinger, Freya Squires, James Lee, Yunfei Wu, Xiaole Pan, Pingqing Fu, Simone Kotthaus, Sue Grimmond, Qiang Zhang, Ruili Wu, Oliver Wild, Michael Flynn, Hugh Coe, and James Allan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 147–162, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-147-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-147-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Black carbon (BC) is a component of particulate matter which has significant effects on climate and human health. Sources of BC include biomass burning, transport, industry and domestic cooking and heating. In this study, we measured BC emissions in Beijing, finding a dominance of traffic emissions over all other sources. The quantitative method presented here has benefits for revising widely used emissions inventories and for understanding BC sources with impacts on air quality and climate.
Cited articles
Aktas, Y. D., Stocker, J., Carruthers, D., and Hunt, J.: A sensitivity study
relating to neighbourhood-scale fast local urban climate modelling within
the built environment, Proc. Eng., 198, 589–599,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.07.113, 2017.
Alexander, P. J., Mills, G., and Fealy, R.: Using LCZ data to run an urban
energy balance model, Urban Clim., 13, 14–37,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2015.05.001, 2015.
Anandakumar, K.: A study on the partition of net radiation into heat fluxes
on a dry asphalt surface, Atmos. Environ., 33, 3911–3918,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00133-8, 1999.
Ao, X., Grimmond, C. S. Grimmond, Ward, H. C., Gabey, A. M., Tan, J., Yang,
X., Liu, D., Zhi, X., Liu, H., and Zhang, N.: Evaluation of the surface urban
energy and water balance scheme (SUEWS) at a dense urban site in Shanghai:
sensitivity to anthropogenic heat and irrigation, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc.,
19, 1983–2005, 2018.
Arnfield, A. J.: Two decades of urban climate research: A review of
turbulence, exchanges of energy and water, and the urban heat island, Int.
J. Climatol., 23, 1–26, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.859, 2003.
Bai, L., Ding, G., Gu, S., Bi, P., Su, B., Qin, D., Xu, G., and Liu, Q.: The
effects of summer temperature and heat waves on heat-related illness in
coastal city of China, 2011-2013, Environ. Res., 132, 212–219,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2014.04.002, 2014.
Bechtel, B., Alexander, P. J., Bohner, J., Ching, J., Conrad, O., Feddema,
J., Mills, G., See, L., and Stewart, I.: Mapping local climate zones for a
worldwide database of the form and function of cities, Int. J. Geo-Inf., 4,
199–219, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi4010199, 2015.
Biggart, M., Stocker, J., Doherty, R. M., Wild, O., Hollaway, M., Carruthers, D., Li, J., Zhang, Q., Wu, R., Kotthaus, S., Grimmond, S., Squires, F. A., Lee, J., and Shi, Z.: Street-scale air quality modelling for Beijing during a winter 2016 measurement campaign, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 2755–2780, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-2755-2020, 2020.
Brousse, O., Martilli, A., Foley, M., Mills, G., and Bechtel, B.: WUDAPT, an
efficient land use producing tool for mesoscale models?, Integration of urban
LCZ WRF over Madrid, Urban Clim., 17, 116–134, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2016.04.001, 2016.
Brousse, O., Wouters, H., Demuzere, M., Thiery, W., Van de Walle, J., and van
Lipzig, N. P. M.: The local climate impact of an African city during
clear-sky conditions – Implications of the recent urbanization in Kampala
(Uganda), Int. J. Clim., 40, 4586–4608,
https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.6477, 2020.
Cambridge Environmental Research Consultants (CERC): ADMS-Urban Urban Air
Quality Management System Version 4.1 User Guide, available at:
http://www.cerc.co.uk/environmental-software/assets/data/doc_userguides/CERC_ADMS-Urban4.1.1_User_Guide.pdf (last access: 6 April 2020), 2017.
Cambridge Environmental Research Consultants (CERC): ADMS-Urban Temperature
and Humidity Version 4.1 User Guide, available at:
http://www.cerc.co.uk/environmental-software/assets/data/doc_userguides/CERC_ADMS-Urban_Temperature_and_Humidity_User_Guide.pdf (last access: 6 April 2020), 2018.
Cambridge Environmental Research Consultants (CERC): Boundary layer
structure specification, available at:
https://www.cerc.co.uk/environmental-software/assets/data/doc_techspec/P09_01.pdf (last access: 15 July 2020), 2020.
Camuffo, D. and Bernardi, A.: An observational study of heat fluxes and their
relationships with net radiation, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol. 23, 359–368,
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00121121, 1982.
Carruthers, D. J. and Weng, W. S.: The effect of changes in surface resistance
on temperature and humidity fields and fluxes of sensible and latent heat,
Bound.-Lay. Meteorol. 60, 185–199,
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00122068, 1992.
Cao, C., Lee, X., Liu, S., Schultz, N., Xiao, W., Zhang, M., and Zhao, L.: Urban
heat islands in China enhanced by haze pollution, Nat. Commun., 7,
12509, https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms12509, 2016.
Chandler, T. J.: The climate of London, Hutchinson & Co Ltd, London, 292 pp.,
1965.
Chen, L., Zhang, M., and Wang, Y.: Model analysis of urbanization impacts on
boundary layer meteorology under hot weather conditions: a case study of
Nanjing, China, Theor. Appl. Climatol., 125, 713–728, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-015-1535-6, 2016.
Chen, L., Zhang, M., Zhu, J., Wang, Y.,
and Skorokhod, A.: Modeling impacts of urbanization and urban heat island
mitigation on boundary layer meteorology and air quality in Beijing under
different weather conditions, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.,
123, 4323–4344, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JD027501, 2018.
Ching, J., Mills, G., Bechtel, B., See, L., Fedema, J., Wang, X., Ren, C.,
Brousse, O., Martilli, A., Neophytou, M., Mouzourides, P., Stewart, I.,
Hanna, A., Ng, E., Foley, M., Alexander, P., Aliaga, D., Niyogi, D.,
Shreevastava, A., Bhalachandran, P., Masson, V., Hidalgo, J., Fung, J.,
Andrade, M., Baklanov, A., Dai, W., Milcinski, G., Demuzere, M., Brunsell,
N., Pesaresi, M., Miao, S., Mu, Q., Chen, F., and Theeuwes, N.: WUDAPT: An urban
weather, climate, and environmental modelling infrastructure for the
Anthropocene, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 99, 1907–1924,
https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-16-0236.1, 2018.
Cox, P. M., Betts, R. A., Bunton, C. B., Essery, R. L. H., Rowntree, P. R.,
and Smith, J.: The impact of new land surface physics on the GCM simulation of
climate and climate sensitivity, Clim. Dynam., 15, 183–203,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s003820050276, 1999.
Davenport, A. G., Grimmond, S. G., Oke, T. R., and Wiering, J.: Estimating the
roughness of cities and sheltered country, Estimating the roughness of
cities and sheltered country, Preprints, 12th Conf. on Applied Climatology,
Asheville, NC, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 96–99, 2000.
Dou, J., Grimmond, S., Cheng, Z., Miao, S., Feng, D., and Liao, M.: Summertime
surface energy balance fluxes at two Beijing sites, Int. J. Climatol., 39,
2793–2810, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.5989, 2019.
Estoque, R. C., Murayama, Y., and Myint, S. W.: Effects of landscape composition
and pattern on land surface temperature: An urban heat island study in the
megacities of Southeast Asia, Sci. Total Environ., 577,
349–359, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.195, 2017.
Fallmann, J., Forkel, R., and Emeis, S.: Secondary effects of urban heat island
mitigation measures on air quality, Atmos. Environ., 125, 199–211,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.10.094, 2016.
Gabey, A. M., Grimmond, C. S. B., and Capel-Timms, I.: Anthropogenic heat flux:
advisable spatial resolutions when input data are scarce, Theor. Appl.
Clim., 135, 791–807, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-018-2367-y, 2019.
Grimmond, C. S. B., Cleugh, H. A., and Oke, T. R.: An objective urban heat
storage model and its comparison with other schemes, Atmos. Environ., 25, 311–326,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0957-1272(91)90003-W, 1991.
Grimmond, C. S. B., Oke, T. R., and Cleugh, H. A.: The role of “rural” in
comparisons of observed suburban-rural flux differences, International
Association of Hydrological Sciences Publication, 212, 165–174, 1993.
Grimmond, C. S. B. and Oke, T. R.: Heat storage in urban areas: local-scale
observations and evaluation of a simple model, J. Appl. Meteor., 38,
922–940, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1999)038<0922:HSIUAL>2.0.CO;2, 1999.
Grimmond, C. S. B., Blackett, M., Best, M. J., Barlow, J., Baik, J-J.,
Belcher, S. E., Bohnenstengal, S. I., Calmet, I., Chen, F., Dandou, A.,
Fortuniak, K., Gouvea, M. L., Hamdi, R., Hendry, M., Kawai, T., Kawamoto,
Y., Kondo, H., Krayenhoff, E. S., Lee, S-H., Loridan, T., Martilli, A.,
Masson, V., Miao, S., Oleson, K., Pigeon, G., Porson, A., Ryu, Y-H.,
Salamanca, F., Shahua-Bar, L., Steeneveld, G.-J., Tombrou, M., Voogt, J.,
Young, D., and Zhang, N.: The International Urban Energy Balance Models
Comparison Project: First Results from Phase 1, J. App. Met. Clim., 49,
1268–1292, https://doi.org/10.1175/2010JAMC2354.1, 2010.
Gu, S., Huang, C., Bai, L., Chu, C., and Liu, Q.: Heat-related illness in China,
summer of 2013, Int. J. Biometeorol., 60, 131–137,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-015-1011-0, 2016.
Hamilton, I., Stocker, J., Evans, S., Davies, M., and Carruthers, D.: The impact
of the London Olympic Parkland on the urban heat island, J. Building
Performance Simulation, 7, 119–132,
https://doi.org/10.1080/19401493.2013.791343, 2014.
Han, Y.: Meteorology and atmospheric chemistry measurements made at the
Xibaidian, Beijing site during the summer and winter campaign, Centre for
Environmental Data Analysis, available at: https://catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/uuid/60d5d5e095024831a6f45e4febe4a95e, last
access: 26 May 2020.
He, X., Wang, J., Feng, J., Yan, Z., Miao, S., Zhang, Y., and Xia, J.:
Observational and modelling study of interactions between urban heat island
and heatwave in Beijing, J. Clean. Prod., 247, 1–15,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119169, 2020.
Hertwig, D., Grimmond, S., Kotthaus, S., Vanderwel, C., Gough, H.,
Haeffelin, M., and Robins, A.: Variability of physical meteorology in urban
areas at different scales: implications for air quality, Faraday Discuss.,
https://doi.org/10.1039/D0FD00098A, 2020.
Holstag, A. A. M. and Van Ulden, A. P.: A simple scheme for daytime estimates
of the surface fluxes from routine weather data, J. Appl. Meteor., 22,
517–529, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1983)022<0517:ASSFDE>2.0.CO;2, 1983.
Hood, C., MacKenzie, I., Stocker, J., Johnson, K., Carruthers, D., Vieno, M., and Doherty, R.: Air quality simulations for London using a coupled regional-to-local modelling system, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 11221–11245, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-11221-2018, 2018.
Hough, I., Just, A. C., Zhou, B., Dorman, M., Lepeule, J., and Kloog, I.: A
multi-resolution air temperature model for France from MODIS and Landsat
thermal data, Environ. Res., 183, 1–11,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2020.109244, 2020.
Ichinose, T., Shimodozono, K., and Hanaki, K.: Impact of anthropogenic heat on
urban climate in Tokyo, Atmos. Environ., 33, 3897–3909, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00132-6, 1999.
Hu, L., Brunsell, N. A., Monaghan, A. J., Barlage, M., and Wilhelmi, O. V.: How
can we use MODIS land surface temperature to validate long-term urban model
simulations?, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 119, 3185–3201,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JD021101.
IPCC: Climate change 2014, in: impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability, Part A:
Global and sectoral aspects, edited by: Field, C. B., Barros, V. R., Dokken, D. J.,
Mach, K. J., Mastrandrea, M. D., Bilir, T. E., Chatterjee, M., Ebi, K. L.,
Estrada, Y, O., Genova, R. C., Girma, B., Kissel, E. S., Levy, A. N.,
MacCracken, S., Mastrandrea, P., and White, L. L., Contribution of Working Group
II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York,
NY, USA, p. 1132, 2014.
Jiang, S., Lee, X., Wang, J., and Wang, K.: Amplified urban heat islands during
heat wave periods, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 124,
7797–7812, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JD030230, 2019.
Jiménez-Muñoz, J. C., Cristóbal, J., Sobrino J. A., Soria, G.,
Ninyerola, M., and Pons, X: Revision of the single-channel algorithm for land
surface temperature retrieval from landsat thermal-infrared data, 47,
339–349, https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2008.2007125, 2009.
Kato, S. and Yamaguchi, Y.: Analysis of urban heat-island effect using ASTER
and ETM+ data: separation of anthropogenic heat discharge and natural heat
radiation from sensible heat flux, Remote Sens. Environ., 99, 44-54,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2005.04.026, 2005.
Keogh, S., Mills, G., and Fealy, R.: The energy budget of the urban surface: two
locations in Dublin, Irish Geography, 45, 1–23,
https://doi.org/10.1080/00750778.2012.689182, 2012.
Kjellstrom, T., Holmer, I., and Lemke, B.: Workplace heat stress, health and
productivity – an increasing challenge for low and middle-income countries
during climate change, Glob. Health Action., 2, 1–6,
https://dx.doi.org/10.34022Fgha.v2i0.2047, 2009.
Kokkonen, T. V., Grimmond, S., Murto, S., Liu, H., Sundström, A.-M., and Järvi, L.: Simulation of the radiative effect of haze on the urban hydrological cycle using reanalysis data in Beijing, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 7001–7017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-7001-2019, 2019.
Kotthaus, S. and Grimmond, C. S. B.: Atmospheric boundary-layer characteristics
from ceilometer measurements, Part 1: A new method to track mixed layer
height and classify clouds, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 144, 1525–1538, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3299, 2018.
Krayenhoff, E. S., Moustaoui, M., Broadbent, A. M., Gupta, V., and Georgescu,
M.: Diurnal interaction between urban expansion, climate change and
adaptation in US cities, Nat. Clim. Change., 8, 1097–1103,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-018-0320-9, 2019.
Li, D. and Bou-Zeid, E.: Synergistic interactions between urban heat islands
and heat waves: The impact of cities is larger than the sum of its parts, J.
App. Meteor. Clim., 52, 2051–2064,
https://doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-13-02.1, 2013.
Li, D., Sun, T., Liu, M., Yang, L., Wang, L., and Gao, Z.: Contrasting responses
of urban and rural surface energy budgets to heat waves explain synergies
between urban heat islands and heat waves, Environ. Res. Lett., 10, 054009,
https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/10/5/054009, 2015.
Li, L., Zha, Y., and Zhang, J.: Spatial and dynamic perspectives on surface
urban heat island and their relationships with vegetation activity in
Beijing, China, based on Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer data,
Int. J. Remote Sens., 41, 882–896,
https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2019.1650985, 2020.
Li, T., Horton, R. M., Bader, D. A., Zhou, M., Liang, X., Ban, J., Sun, Q.,
and Kinney, P. L.: Aging will amplify the heat-related mortality risk under a
changing climate: projection for the elderly in Beijing, China, Sci. Rep.,
6, 1–9, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep28161, 2016.
Lindberg, F., Grimmond, C. S. B., Yogeswaran, N., Kotthaus, S., and Allen, L.:
Impact of city changes and weather on anthropogenic heat flux in Europe
1995–2015, Urban Clim., 4, 1–15,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2013.03.002, 2013.
Liu, W., Ji, C., Zhong, J., Jiang, X., and Zheng, Z.: Temporal characteristics
of the Beijing urban heat island, Theor. Appl. Climatol., 87, 213–221,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-005-0192-6, 2007.
Liu, X., Zhou, Y., Yue, W., Li, X., Liu, Y., and Lu, D.: Spatiotemporal patterns
of summer urban heat island in Beijing, China using an improved land surface
temperature, J. Clean. Prod., 257, 120529,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120529, 2020.
Loridan, T., Grimmond, C. S. B., Grossman-Clarke, S., Chen, F., Tewari, M.,
Manning, K., Martilli, A., Kusaka, H., and Best, M.: Trade-offs and
responsiveness of the single-layer urban canopy parametrization in WRF: An
offline evaluation using the MOSCEM optimization algorithm and field
observations, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 136, 997–1019,
https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.614, 2010.
Lu, Y., Wang, Q., Zhang, Y., Sun, P., and Qian, Y.: An estimate of anthropogenic
heat emissions in China, Int. J. Clim.., 36, 1134–1142, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.4407, 2016.
Meng, Q., Zhang, L., Sun, Z., Meng, F., and Wang, L.: Characterizing spatial and
temporal trends of surface urban heat island effect in an urban main
built-up area: A 12-year case study in Beijing, China, Remote Sens. Environ., 204, 826–837, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2017.09.019, 2018.
Morrison, W., Yin, T., Lauret, N., Guilleux, J., Kotthaus, S.,
Gastellu-Etchegorry, J.-P., Norford, L., and Grimmond, S.: Atmospheric and
emissivity corrections for ground-based thermography using 3D radiative
transfer modelling, Remote Sens. Environ., 237, 1–24,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2019.111524, 2020.
Mughal, M. O., Li, X-X., Yin, T., Martilli, A., Brousse, O., Dissegna, M.
A., and Norford, L. K.: High-resolution, Multilayer modelling of Singapore's
urban climate incorporating local climate zones, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 124, 7764–7785, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JD029796,
2019.
National Bureau of Statistics: China Statistical Yearbook 2017, China
Statistics Press, Beijing, 2018.
Oke, T. R.: The energetic basis of the urban heat island, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 108, 1–24, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49710845502, 1982
Oke, T. R., Spronken-Smith, R. A., Jáuregui, E., and Grimmond, C. S.: The
energy balance of central Mexico City during the dry season, Atmos.
Environ., 33, 3919–3930, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00134-X,
1999.
Oke, T. R.: Initial guidance to obtain representative meteorological
observations at urban sites, IOM Report No. 81, WMO/TD. No. 1250, World
Meteorological Organization: Geneva, 2004.
OpenStreetMap (OSM), available at: http://openstreetmap.org, last access: 6 April 2020.
Owen, B., Edmunds, H. A., Carruthers, D. J., and Singles, R. J.: Prediction of
total oxides of nitrogen and nitrogen dioxide concentrations in a large
urban area using a new generation urban scale dispersion model with integral
chemistry model, Atmos. Environ., 34, 397–406,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00332-5, 2000.
Raupach M. R., Weng, W. S., Carruthers, D. J., and Hunt, J. C. R.: Temperature
and Humidity Fields and Fluxes Over Low Hills, Q. J. Roy. Met. Soc., 118,
191–225, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49711850403 , 1992.
Roth, M., Oke, T. R., and Emery, W. J.: Satellite-derived urban heat islands
from three coastal cities and the utilization of such data in urban
climatology, Int. J. Remote Sens., 10, 1699–1720,
https://doi.org/10.1080/01431168908904002, 1989.
Sailor, D. J. and Vasireddy, C.: Correcting aggregate energy consumption data
to account for variability in local weather, Environ. Modell. Softw., 21, 733–738, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2005.08.001, 2006.
Sailor, D.: A review of methods for estimating anthropogenic heat and
moisture emissions in the urban environment, Int. J. Climatol., 31, 189–199,
https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.2106, 2011.
Sailor, D., Georgescu, M., Milne, J. M., and Hart, M. A.: Development of a
national anthropogenic heating database with an extrapolation for
international cities, Atmos. Environ., 118, 7–18,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.07.016, 2015.
Santamouris, M., Cartalis, C., Synnefa, A., and Kolokotsa, D.: On the impact of
urban heat island and global warming on the power demand and electricity
consumption of buildings – A review, Energ. Build., 98, 119–124,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2014.09.052, 2015.
Shatz, J. D. and Kucharik, C. J.: Seasonality of the urban heat island effect
in Madison, Wisconsin, J. Appl. Meteor. Clim., 53, 2371–2386,
https://doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-14-0107.1, 2014.
Shi, Z., Vu, T., Kotthaus, S., Harrison, R. M., Grimmond, S., Yue, S., Zhu, T., Lee, J., Han, Y., Demuzere, M., Dunmore, R. E., Ren, L., Liu, D., Wang, Y., Wild, O., Allan, J., Acton, W. J., Barlow, J., Barratt, B., Beddows, D., Bloss, W. J., Calzolai, G., Carruthers, D., Carslaw, D. C., Chan, Q., Chatzidiakou, L., Chen, Y., Crilley, L., Coe, H., Dai, T., Doherty, R., Duan, F., Fu, P., Ge, B., Ge, M., Guan, D., Hamilton, J. F., He, K., Heal, M., Heard, D., Hewitt, C. N., Hollaway, M., Hu, M., Ji, D., Jiang, X., Jones, R., Kalberer, M., Kelly, F. J., Kramer, L., Langford, B., Lin, C., Lewis, A. C., Li, J., Li, W., Liu, H., Liu, J., Loh, M., Lu, K., Lucarelli, F., Mann, G., McFiggans, G., Miller, M. R., Mills, G., Monk, P., Nemitz, E., O'Connor, F., Ouyang, B., Palmer, P. I., Percival, C., Popoola, O., Reeves, C., Rickard, A. R., Shao, L., Shi, G., Spracklen, D., Stevenson, D., Sun, Y., Sun, Z., Tao, S., Tong, S., Wang, Q., Wang, W., Wang, X., Wang, X., Wang, Z., Wei, L., Whalley, L., Wu, X., Wu, Z., Xie, P., Yang, F., Zhang, Q., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y., and Zheng, M.: Introduction to the special issue “In-depth study of air pollution sources and processes within Beijing and its surrounding region (APHH-Beijing)”, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 7519–7546, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-7519-2019, 2019.
Squires, F. A., Nemitz, E., Langford, B., Wild, O., Drysdale, W. S., Acton, W. J. F., Fu, P., Grimmond, C. S. B., Hamilton, J. F., Hewitt, C. N., Hollaway, M., Kotthaus, S., Lee, J., Metzger, S., Pingintha-Durden, N., Shaw, M., Vaughan, A. R., Wang, X., Wu, R., Zhang, Q., and Zhang, Y.: Measurements of traffic-dominated pollutant emissions in a Chinese megacity, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 8737–8761, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-8737-2020, 2020.
Stewart, I. D. and Oke, T. R.: Local climate zones for urban temperature
studies, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 93, 1879-1900,
https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00019.1, 2012.
Sun, T., Wang, Z.-H., Oechel, W. C., and Grimmond, S.: The Analytical Objective Hysteresis Model (AnOHM v1.0): methodology to determine bulk storage heat flux coefficients, Geosci. Model Dev., 10, 2875–2890, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-2875-2017, 2017.
Tan, J., Zheng, Y., Song, G., Kalkstein, L. S., Kalkstein, A. J., and Tang, X.:
Heat wave impacts on mortality in Shanghai, 1998 and 2003, Int. J.
Biometeorol., 51, 193–200, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-006-0058-3, 2007.
Tan, J., Zheng, Y., Tang, X., Guo, C., Li, L., Song, G., Zhen, X., Yuan, D.,
Kalkstein, A. J., and Li, F.: The urban heat island and its impact on heat waves
and human health in Shanghai, Int. J. Biometeorol., 54, 75–84, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-009-0256-x, 2010.
The World Bank: Urban population (% of total population) – China,
available at:
https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS?locations=CN, last
access: 6 April 2020,
U.S. Geological Survey, Global Multi-resolution Terrain Elevation Data
(GMTED2010), available at:
https://www.usgs.gov/land-resources/eros/coastal-changes-and-impacts/gmted2010, last access: 1 April 2020.
U.S. Geological Survey, Landsat 8, available at:
https://www.usgs.gov/land-resources/nli/landsat/landsat-8, last access: 1
April 2020.
Voogt, J. A. and Oke, T. R.: Effects of urban surface geometry on
remotely-sensed surface temperature, Int. J. Remote Sens., 19, 895–920, https://doi.org/10.1080/014311698215784, 1998.
Voogt, J. A. and Oke, T. R.: Thermal remote sensing of urban climates, Remote Sens. Environ., 86, 370–384,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0034-4257(03)00079-8, 2003.
Wang, K., Jiang, S., Wang, J., Zhou, C., Wang, X., and Lee, X.: Comparing the
diurnal and seasonal variabilities of atmospheric and surface urban heat
islands based on the Beijing urban meteorological network, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 122, 2131–2154,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JD025304, 2017.
Wang, K., Aktas, Y. D., Stocker, J., Carruthers, D., Hunt, J.,
and Malki-Epshtein, L.: Urban heat island modelling of a tropical city: case of
Kuala Lumpur, Geosci. Lett., 6, 4,
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40562-019-0134-2, 2019.
Wang, T., Shi, J., Ma, Y., Husi, L., Comyn-Platt, E., Ji, D., Zhao, T.,
and Xiong, C.: Recovering land surface temperature under cloudy skies
considering the solar-cloud-satellite geometry: Application to MODIS and
Landsat-8 data, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 124,
3401–3416, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JD028976, 2019.
Wang, M., Yan, X., Liu, J., and Zhang, X.: The contribution of urbanization to
recent extreme heat events and a potential mitigation strategy in the
Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei metropolitan area, Theor. Appl. Clim., 114,
407–416, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-013-0852-x, 2013.
World Urban Database and Access Portal Tools (WUDAPT): Local Climate Zone
map for Beijing created by Weibo Liu and Michael Foley, available at:
http://www.wudapt.org/cities/in-asia, last access: 19 May 2020.
Wouters, H., Demuzere, M., Blahak, U., Fortuniak, K., Maiheu, B., Camps, J., Tielemans, D., and van Lipzig, N. P. M.: The efficient urban canopy dependency parametrization (SURY) v1.0 for atmospheric modelling: description and application with the COSMO-CLM model for a Belgian summer, Geosci. Model Dev., 9, 3027–3054, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-3027-2016, 2016.
Yu, Y., Liu, J., and Shao, W.: The estimation and effect of anthropogenic heat
flux in Beijing, Energ. Proc., 152, 302–306,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2018.09.129, 2018.
Yang, P., Ren, G., and Liu, W.: Spatial and temporal characteristics of Beijing
urban heat island intensity, J. App. Meteor. Clim.., 52, 1803–1816,
https://doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-12-0125.1, 2013.
Zhang, S., Wu, Y., Yan, H., Du, X., Zhang, K. M., Zheng, X., Fu, L., and Hao,
J.: Black carbon pollution for a major road in Beijing: Implications for
policy interventions of the heavy-duty truck fleet, Transport Res. D-Tr. E., 68, 110–121, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2017.07.013,
2019.
Zhang, Z., Zhang, X., Gong, D., Kim, S.-J., Mao, R., and Zhao, X.: Possible influence of atmospheric circulations on winter haze pollution in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region, northern China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 561–571, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-561-2016, 2016.
Zhao, D., Liu, G., Xin, J., Quan, J., Wang, Y., Wang, X., Dai, L., Gao, W., Tang, G., Hu, B., Ma, Y., Wu, X., Wang, L., Liu, Z., and Wu, F.: Haze pollution under a high atmospheric oxidization capacity in summer in Beijing: insights into formation mechanism of atmospheric physicochemical processes, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 4575–4592, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-4575-2020, 2020.
Zhao, L., Oppenheimer, M., Zhu, Q., Baldwin, J. W., Ebi, K. L., Bou-Zeid,
E., Guan, K., and Liu, X.: Interactions between urban heat islands and heat
waves, Environ. Res. Lett., 13, 034003, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aa9f73,
2018.
Zhou, J., Chen, Y., Zhang, X., and Zhan, W.: Modelling the diurnal variations of
urban heat islands with multi-source satellite data, Int. J. Remote Sens., 34, 7568–7588,
https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2013.821576, 2013.
Short summary
Heat-related illnesses are of increasing concern in China given its rapid urbanisation and our ever-warming climate. We examine the relative impacts that land surface properties and anthropogenic heat have on the urban heat island (UHI) in Beijing using ADMS-Urban. Air temperature measurements and satellite-derived land surface temperatures provide valuable means of evaluating modelled spatiotemporal variations. This work provides critical information for urban planners and UHI mitigation.
Heat-related illnesses are of increasing concern in China given its rapid urbanisation and our...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint