Articles | Volume 21, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-4169-2021
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-4169-2021
Research article
 | 
18 Mar 2021
Research article |  | 18 Mar 2021

COVID-19 lockdowns highlight a risk of increasing ozone pollution in European urban areas

Stuart K. Grange, James D. Lee, Will S. Drysdale, Alastair C. Lewis, Christoph Hueglin, Lukas Emmenegger, and David C. Carslaw

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Cited articles

Anenberg, S. C., Miller, J., Minjares, R., Du, L., Henze, D. K., Lacey, F., Malley, C. S., Emberson, L., Franco, V., Klimont, Z., and Heyes, C.: Impacts and mitigation of excess diesel-related NOx emissions in 11 major vehicle markets, Nature, 545, 467–471, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature22086, 2017. a
BBC: Coronavirus: Europe now epicentre of the pandemic, says WHO, available at: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-51876784, last access: 13 March 2020. a
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Carslaw, D.: Blog update on COVID-19 and changes in air pollution, available at: https://ee.ricardo.com/news/blog-update-on-covid-19-and-changes-in-air-pollution (last access: 1 March 2021), 2020. a
Carslaw, D. C., Murrells, T. P., Andersson, J., and Keenan, M.: Have vehicle emissions of primary NO2 peaked?, Faraday Discuss., 189, 439–454, https://doi.org/10.1039/C5FD00162E, 2016. a, b
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Short summary
The changes in mobility across Europe due to the COVID-19 lockdowns had consequences for air quality. We compare what was experienced to estimates of "what would have been" without the lockdowns. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), an important vehicle-sourced pollutant, decreased by a third. However, ozone (O3) increased in response to lower NO2. Because NO2 is decreasing over time, increases in O3 can be expected in European urban areas and will require management to avoid future negative outcomes.
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