Articles | Volume 21, issue 17
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-12949-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-12949-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Measurement report
| 
01 Sep 2021
Measurement report |
| 01 Sep 2021
| 01 Sep 2021
Measurement report: Vertical distribution of biogenic and anthropogenic secondary organic aerosols in the urban boundary layer over Beijing during late summer
Hong Ren
Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth-System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and
Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth-System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
Lianfang Wei
State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and
Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
Siyao Yue
State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and
Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
now at: Minerva Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry,
55128 Mainz, Germany
Jian Zhao
State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and
Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
Linjie Li
State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and
Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
now at: Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Gothenburg, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
Libin Wu
Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth-System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
Wanyu Zhao
State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and
Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
Lujie Ren
Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth-System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
Mingjie Kang
State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and
Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
Qiaorong Xie
Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth-System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and
Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
Sihui Su
Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth-System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
Xiaole Pan
State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and
Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
Zifa Wang
State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and
Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and
Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
Kimitaka Kawamura
Chubu Institute for Advanced Studies, Chubu University, Kasugai
487-8501, Japan
Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth-System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
Related authors
No articles found.
Lianfang Wei, Xueshun Chen, Wenyi Yang, Zhe Wang, Jie Li, Di Liu, Huiyun Du, Xiaole Pan, Yafang Cheng, Pingqing Fu, and Zifa Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 11667–11682, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-11667-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-11667-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
Current models cannot track sulfur isotope changes during atmospheric transformations. We developed a new model that simulates these processes. It reproduces the isotope fractionation patterns, capturing both spatial and seasonal variations. This validation shows sulfate isotope signatures often resemble those of fuels despite chemical processing. Our results suggest combustion alters sulfur isotope ratios, counterbalancing chemical effects.
Fobang Liu, Yun Zhang, Siyao Yue, Helmi-Marja K. Keskinen, Tuukka Petäjä, Markku Kulmala, Pingqing Fu, Thorsten Hoffmann, Kai Wang, and Haijie Tong
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-3897, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-3897, 2026
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by airborne particles are linked to adverse health effects, but the organic compounds responsible remain unclear. We developed a new molecular framework to classify complex organic compounds using advanced mass spectrometry. The framework shows that particles rich in oxidized organic compounds produce more ROS per unit mass, while polluted urban air produces more total ROS mainly because of higher particle concentrations.
Jingye Ren, Songjian Zou, Honghao Xu, Guiquan Liu, Zhe Wang, Anran Zhang, Chuanfeng Zhao, Min Hu, Dongjie Shang, Lizi Tang, Ru-Jin Huang, Yele Sun, and Fang Zhang
Geosci. Model Dev., 19, 6403–6416, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-6403-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-6403-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, a new framework of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) prediction in polluted region has been developed and it achieves well prediction of hourly-to-yearly scale across North China Plain. The study reveals the machine learning model can largely reduce the uncertainty in simulating cloud radiative forcing, illustrating the high sensitivity of climate forcing to changes in CCN. This improvement of our new model would be helpful to aerosols climate effect assessment in models.
Yi Zhang, Wei Zhou, Weiqi Xu, Yan Li, Yu Zhang, Zijun Zhang, Bojiang Su, Ning Zhang, Eleonora Aruffo, Junfeng Wang, Piero Di Carlo, Lanzhong Liu, Xiaole Pan, Zifa Wang, Douglas Worsnop, and Yele Sun
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-3643, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-3643, 2026
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
We tracked OOMs that form haze and clouds at a forested mountain in southeastern China. Warm weather boosted natural emissions from plants, making them the primary source of these compounds. Conversely, cooler weather amplified the impact of pollution blowing in from other regions. Clouds also played a major role by washing away certain chemicals while transforming others. These interactions between weather, nature, and pollution offer crucial insights for improving climate models.
Hao Liu, Hao Xu, Yixin Huang, Wei Zhou, Yunting Xiao, Qinghao Guo, Xi Zhao, Junjun Deng, Yele Sun, Pingqing Fu, and Jialei Zhu
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-3708, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-3708, 2026
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Geoscientific Model Development (GMD).
Short summary
Short summary
To better track natural emissions from forests, we built a detailed model covering 234 tree species across China—far more precise than past methods that lumped all trees into broad categories. The study found that planting different tree species in the same location can produce very different emission patterns, affecting haze and ozone formation in distinct ways. These findings suggest that thoughtful species selection can help balance carbon goals with cleaner air.
Maoyu Cao, Chao Yan, Yuliang Liu, Dafeng Ge, Junchao Yin, Yuanyuan Li, Tao Xu, Ziqian Wei, Jinbo Wang, Ying Zhang, Zhenning Wang, Valter Mickwitz, Ziheng Chen, Bisen Han, Jianxun Wang, Caijun Zhu, Ximeng Qi, Qiaozhi Zha, Xuguang Chi, Zhe Wang, Jian Zhao, Mikael Ehn, Wei Nie, Jingkun Jiang, and Aijun Ding
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-3647, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-3647, 2026
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
Fine airborne particles affect air quality, human health, and climate, yet their molecular composition is difficult to measure. Using a newly characterized instrument that detects these molecules in real time, we carried out the first such study in an eastern Chinese city. We find that particle composition is shaped not only by molecules condensing from the air, but also by chemical reactions within the particles, with natural and human sources and regional transport all contributing.
Mengjie Lou, Qizhong Wu, Wending Wang, Huansheng Chen, Kai Cao, Xiaohan Fan, Dingyue Liang, Fen Fen Yu, Jiating Zhang, Wei Wang, and Zifa Wang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-3428, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-3428, 2026
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Geoscientific Model Development (GMD).
Short summary
Short summary
This study compares the model performance of the Emission and atmospheric Processes Integrated and Coupled Community Model with the two air quality models in China. The EPICC-Model excels in simulating summer ozone peaks, accurately captures pollution characteristics in highly polluted areas, and better reproduces persistent compound pollution processes. The study reveals common issues among the models and directions for improvement, providing a basis for optimizing global air quality models.
Kai Cao, Qizhong Wu, Xiao Tang, Jinxi Li, Xueshun Chen, Huansheng Chen, Wending Wang, Huangjian Wu, Lei Kong, Jie Li, Jiang Zhu, and Zifa Wang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-3368, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-3368, 2026
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Geoscientific Model Development (GMD).
Short summary
Short summary
This study achieves significant acceleration by developing an optimized advection module for Emission and atmospheric Processes Integrated and Coupled Community Model on Graphics Processing Unit. Through implementing thread-block indexing, minimizing Central Processing Unit and Graphics Processing Unit communication, and an parallel framework, we demonstrate speedups: 556.5× faster offline performance for the Heterogeneous Interface advection solver and 20.5× acceleration in coupled simulations.
Fei Zhang, Xingcai Li, Zifa Wang, Yunyun Wen, Xuyang Zhou, Zichen Wu, Zhuoran Wang, Huansheng Chen, Zhe Wang, and Xueshun Chen
Geosci. Model Dev., 19, 4999–5017, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-4999-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-4999-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
Solar power generation depends on weather conditions and photovoltaic modules, making accurate forecasts crucial for reliable grid operation. We combined weather prediction and artificial intelligence to improve the solar power prediction at different time scales for a plant. By improving sunlight predictions and incorporating physical constraints into the model, our approach reduced errors significantly. This can help integrate clean energy into power grids safely and efficiently.
Hongyi Li, Ting Yang, Lei Kong, Di Zhang, Guigang Tang, Xiao Tang, and Zifa Wang
Geosci. Model Dev., 19, 4835–4856, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-4835-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-4835-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
We develop a novel data assimilation system by integrating incremental machine learning with a localized ensemble Kalman filter to enhance the simulation and reanalysis of particulate matter < 2.5 µm chemical components. Compared to traditional chemical transport model-based data assimilation, our assimilation system has superior computational efficiency and simulation improvements. Comparisons with independent observations and reanalysis datasets validate the robust performance of our system.
Xiaofei Wu, Siyang Chen, Jinxi Li, Yu Zhang, Zifa Wang, Pu Gan, Jie Zheng, and Fangxin Fang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-1685, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-1685, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
Cities face a major challenge in tracking how wind and air pollution move through complex building clusters. Common numerical models often struggle to balance accuracy with calculating speed. We developed a new simulation system that automatically adjusts its focus to where the air is moving rapidly. By testing this against observations, it significantly improves predictions of wind and pollution. This tool helps urban planners design healthier cities by better identifying how pollutants travel.
Yutong Tian, Ting Yang, Zifa Wang, Linghan Zeng, Yining Tan, Weichun Liang, Qingqing Xia, Tong Wang, and Shitian Kou
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-2017, 2026
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
This study introduces a novel algorithm using multiwavelength lidar to classify and quantify tropospheric aerosols at a mountain observatory. Using seven optical parameters, it separates smoke, pollution, pollen, and dust in complex mixtures. Validated across multiple platforms, the method decouples meteorologically driven optical enhancement from actual mass fluctuations, enabling high-precision aerosol typing and mass retrieval in high-altitude environments.
Yi Zhang, Weiqi Xu, Yan Li, Guohua Zhang, Dantong Liu, Ye Kuang, Yu Zhang, Wei Zhou, Xiaocong Peng, Bojiang Su, Weihong Huang, Zijun Zhang, Liu Yang, Yangzhou Wu, Siyuan Li, Shitong Zhao, Lanzhong Liu, Xiaole Pan, Zifa Wang, Xinhui Bi, Mikael Ehn, Douglas R. Worsnop, and Yele Sun
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 5617–5634, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-5617-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-5617-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
This study explores how clouds influence the chemical composition of air particles through field research at a high-altitude station in southeastern China across different seasons. We found that different cloud types cause varying degrees of chemical changes in these particles. These findings enhance our understanding of the impact of clouds on air quality and contribute to improving climate models.
Max Gräfnings, Yuanyuan Luo, Jian Zhao, Claudia L. Cara-Ortega, Kirsten N. Fossum, Frans Graeffe, Lu Lei, Dagmar B. Stengel, Roseline C. Thakur, Jurgita Ovadnevaite, Mikael Ehn, and Camilla Gustafsson
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-2159, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-2159, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
Biogenic volatile organic compounds emitted by Earth’s ecosystems have profound climate impacts, but emissions from marine benthic sources are poorly quantified. We quantified BVOC emission rates from three macrophytes across two contrasting marine regions and found highly diverse emission profiles with substantial intra‑ and interspecific variability. Our results underscore the need for more high-quality data, so that macrophyte emissions can eventually be integrated into marine BVOC budgets.
Hongyi Li, Ting Yang, Yele Sun, and Zifa Wang
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 19, 2225–2244, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-2225-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-2225-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
We develop a physics-constrained deep-learning framework to retrieve vertical profiles of particulate matter <2.5 µm chemical components from lidar measurements. Comparisons with surface, tower, and aircraft measurements validate the performance of the framework. A six-year vertical profile dataset generated for Beijing reveals that organic matter and nitrate are dominant chemical components. This work offers a new perspective on the lidar inversion of chemical component profiles.
Jiangyi Zhang, Yi Zhang, Hannu Koskenvaara, Jian Zhao, and Mikael Ehn
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 3933–3949, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-3933-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-3933-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
Using a free-jet flow-tube system, we observed a wide range of radicals and closed-shell products from NO3 oxidation of five monoterpenes (α-pinene, Δ-3-carene, limonene, β-pinene, and β-myrcene). Results highlight that the product formation is highly structure-dependent. Our study provides individual product yields, radical distributions, and HOM (highly oxygenated organic molecule) yields, which are all essential for correctly implementing monoterpene + NO3 oxidation mechanisms into models.
Jingye Ren, Wei Xu, Ru-Jin Huang, Fang Zhang, Ying Wang, Lu Chen, Jurgita Ovadnevaite, Darius Ceburnis, Colin O'Dowd, and Yele Sun
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 2985–3000, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-2985-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-2985-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
Impact of mixing state on cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) was incorporated in limited modeling with simplified assumption. This study derived a mixing state index from hygroscopicity and systematically investigated the covariation between the mixing state and CCN activity in inland and coastal air. We propose a practical approach for estimating critical diameter from mixing state index, applicable when the aerosol particles are not highly aged.
Yali Jin, Hao Luo, Siqi Tang, Shuhui Xue, Chengyu Nie, Xiaocong Peng, Yan Zheng, Weiqi Xu, Guohua Zhang, Xiaole Pan, Yele Sun, Qi Chen, Lanzhong Liu, and Defeng Zhao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 2813–2830, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-2813-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-2813-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
Cloud substantially changes the compositions organic aerosol. How cloud processing of organics occur on molecular level remains unclear. We found that compared with cloud free particles, organics in cloud contains more large molecules likely due to accretion reactions and has more nitrogen-containing compounds. We identify some new compounds formed in cloud. Such modifications of the organics in cloud can further change its physicochemical properties, and impact on climate and human health.
Wei Zhou, Liu Yang, Siqi Zeng, Yunping Kan, Lirong Yang, Weihong Zhang, Weijie Wang, Zijun Zhang, Yan Li, Weiqi Xu, Yucheng Gu, Yaozong Wang, Zhengyan Zuo, Jie Li, Zifa Wang, and Yele Sun
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 2425–2441, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-2425-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-2425-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
Northwest China, situated in an arid and semi-arid climate region; air quality issues in this area have received less attention compared to other Chinese metropolitan clusters. This research identify a significant shift towards the coupling PM2.5 and O3 relationships over the past decade in northwest China, highlighting the great importance of urban terpenes and aromatic oxidation in secondary organic aerosol formation.
Weibin Zhu, Sai Shang, Jieqi Wang, Yunfei Wu, Zhaoze Deng, Liang Ran, Ye Kuang, Guiqian Tang, Xiangpeng Huang, Xiaole Pan, Lanzhong Liu, Weiqi Xu, Yele Sun, Bo Hu, Zifa Wang, and Zirui Liu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 1947–1965, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-1947-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-1947-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
NPF (new particle formation) is a key global CCN (cloud condensation nuclei) source, but its contribution at the polluted boundary-layer top remains unclear. Based on mountaintop observations in the Yangtze River Delta, we show that under polluted conditions, NPF at the boundary-layer top is enhanced and accelerates its conversion to CCN. Ammonia plays a key role, and a newly defined "Time Window" metric highlights the importance of oxidation-driven growth and regional transport in this process.
Guochen Wang, Xuedong Cui, Bingye Xu, Can Wu, Minkang Zhi, Keliang Li, Liang Xu, Qi Yuan, Yuntao Wang, Yele Sun, Zongbo Shi, Akinori Ito, Shixian Zhai, and Weijun Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 1483–1496, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-1483-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-1483-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
Iron acidification process is primarily driven by sulphuric acid in the upper mixing layer different from nitric acid at the ground-level. Enhanced atmospheric aging process contributes to high iron solubility in the upper mixing layer. Numerical models should consider vertical variations in iron dissolution to improve simulation accuracy.
Jialu Xu, Yingjie Zhang, Yuying Wang, Xing Yan, Bin Zhu, Chunsong Lu, Yuanjian Yang, Yele Sun, Junhui Zhang, Xiaofan Zuo, Zhanghanshu Han, and Rui Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 18599–18616, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-18599-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-18599-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We conducted a year-long study in Nanjing to explore how the height of the atmospheric boundary layer affects fine particle pollution. We found that low boundary layers in winter trap pollutants like nitrate and primary particles, while higher layers in summer help form secondary pollutants like sulfate and organic aerosols. These findings show that boundary layer dynamics are key to understanding and managing seasonal air pollution.
Yutong Tian, Ting Yang, Hongyi Li, Ping Tian, Yifan Song, Jiancun He, Yining Tan, Yele Sun, and Zifa Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 17581–17594, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-17581-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-17581-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study examines how nitrate pollution varies with height and season to combat urban haze. Nitrate levels peak near the ground in spring/winter due to humidity and temperature, while wind and sunlight drive high-altitude pollution in late autumn. Winter shows unique daytime peaks linked to sunlight and nighttime chemistry. Findings help cities design targeted strategies, like timing emissions cuts, to improve air quality by addressing pollution at specific heights and times.
Junhui Zhang, Yuying Wang, Jialu Xu, Xiaofan Zuo, Chunsong Lu, Bin Zhu, Yuanjian Yang, Xing Yan, and Yele Sun
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 17413–17428, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-17413-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-17413-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We conducted a year-long study in Nanjing to understand how tiny airborne particles take up water, which affects air quality and climate. We found that particle water uptake varies by season and size, with lower values in summer due to more organic materials. Local pollution mainly influences smaller particles, while larger ones are shaped by air mass transport. These findings help improve climate models and support better air pollution control in fast-growing cities.
Wenqing Jiang, Lijuan Li, Lu Yu, Hwajin Kim, Yele Sun, and Qi Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 16817–16832, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-16817-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-16817-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We studied how sunlight changes natural organic matter in fog droplets and the tiny airborne particles formed after the water evaporation. Advanced analyses showed that sunlight makes this material more oxidized, nitrogen-enriched, chemically transformed, and different in light absorption and volatility. These sunlight-driven changes influence the particles’ behavior in the air, affecting air quality, climate, and how long they remain suspended in the atmosphere.
Yaxin Liu, Yunting Xiao, Lehui Cui, Qinghao Guo, Yiyang Sun, Pingqing Fu, Cong-Qiang Liu, and Jialei Zhu
Biogeosciences, 22, 6445–6464, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-6445-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-6445-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Dust carries iron deposits into the ocean, providing essential nutrients for the growth of marine phytoplankton, influencing their carbon uptake capacity. A model constrained by global datasets on dust iron content, ocean iron solubility, and dissolved iron concentrations was used to assess the contributions of 11 major dust sources to carbon uptake in 8 marine areas, enhancing understanding of the impact of global dust emissions on marine deposition and carbon cycle with decreased uncertainty.
Mengjie Lou, Qizhong Wu, Wending Wang, Huansheng Chen, Kai Cao, Xiaohan Fan, Dingyue Liang, Fenfen Yu, Jiating Zhang, Wei Wang, and Zifa Wang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-4441, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-4441, 2025
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
This study compares the performance of the independently developed EPICC-Model with CAMx and CMAQ in simulating PM2.5 and O3 in China. It finds that EPICC-Model excels in simulating summer ozone peaks, accurately captures pollution characteristics in highly polluted areas, and better reproduces persistent compound pollution processes. Furthermore, this study reveals common issues among the models and directions for improvement, providing a basis for optimizing global air quality models.
Wenxin Zhang, Wei Hu, Mutong Niu, Quanfei Zhu, Na An, Qiang Zhang, Rui Jin, Xiaoli Fu, Jian Hao, Jianbo Yang, Jingle Liu, Jing Shi, Suqin Han, Junjun Deng, Libin Wu, Yuqi Feng, Kimitaka Kawamura, and Pingqing Fu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 14513–14533, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-14513-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-14513-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We quantified 3-hydroxy fatty acids (3-OH-FAs) in PM10 from urban Tianjin to assess airborne endotoxins, which showed clear seasonal and vertical variations. Mid-chain 3-OH-FAs were linked to microorganisms and regional secondary processes, while long-chain species were more associated with biomass burning and local secondary formation. These findings highlight distinct source pathways of 3-OH-FAs and provide insights into airborne endotoxins in urban environments.
Shubin Li, Yujue Wang, Yiwen Zhang, Yizhe Yi, Yuchen Wang, Yuqi Guo, Chao Yu, Yue Jiang, Jinhui Shi, Chao Zhang, Jialei Zhu, Wei Hu, Jianzhen Yu, Xiaohong Yao, Huiwang Gao, and Min Hu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 12585–12598, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-12585-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-12585-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Organosulfates (OSs) are an unrecognized and potentially important component in marine organic aerosols. In this study, we quantified and characterized the OSs over East Asian marginal seas. The chemical nature and spatiotemporal distribution of OSs were modified by the joint influence of marine emissions and transported terrestrial pollutants. The results highlight the vital roles of OSs in shaping organic aerosol formation and sulfur cycle during summer in the marine boundary layer.
Mingyu Li, Zhanjie Xu, Zhichao Dong, Junjun Deng, Pingqing Fu, and Chandra Mouli Pavuluri
Biogeosciences, 22, 5329–5347, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-5329-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-5329-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigated the seasonal and diurnal variability of fine aerosol composition in two forest ecosystems in North and South China. Carbonaceous/nitrogenous compound concentrations were higher in winter than summer at both sites. The forest fine aerosols in high latitude exhibited significantly greater influence from fossil fuel combustion compared to that in low latitude.
Mingjie Kang, Hongliang Zhang, and Qi Ying
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 11453–11467, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-11453-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-11453-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study examines the impacts of reducing nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds on ozone (O3), secondary inorganic aerosols (SIAs), and OH and NO3 radicals. The results show similar predictions for 8 h O3 but significant variability for SIA and radicals, with differences up to 30 % for SIA and 200 % for radicals across chemical mechanisms and inventories. The findings highlight that evaluating control strategies for SIA and atmospheric oxidation capacity requires an ensemble approach.
Kai Cao, Qizhong Wu, Xiao Tang, Jinxi Li, Xueshun Chen, Huansheng Chen, Wending Wang, Huangjian Wu, Lei Kong, Jie Li, Jiang Zhu, and Zifa Wang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2918, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2918, 2025
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
This study achieves significant acceleration by developing an optimized advection module for Emission and atmospheric Processes Integrated and Coupled Community Model on GPU-like accelerators. Through implementing thread-block coordinated indexing, minimizing CPU-GPU communication, and an hybrid parallelization framework, we demonstrate prominent speedups: 556.5× faster offline performance for the Heterogeneous Interface PPM solver and 20.5× acceleration in coupled simulations.
Petr Vodička, Kimitaka Kawamura, Bhagawati Kunwar, Lin Huang, Dhananjay Kumar, Md. Mozammel Haque, Ambarish Pokhrel, Sangeeta Sharma, and Leonard Barrie
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 10215–10228, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-10215-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-10215-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Carbonate carbon (CC) is not negligible in Arctic total suspended particles (TSPs). If not considered, CC biases the contribution of elemental and organic carbon. CC content in TSPs was strongly reflected in the δ13C values of total carbon (TC). The carbon contribution from CaCO3 supports the strong dependence of CC and δ13C on Ca. Finally, two hypothetical CC sources were identified based on the analysis of air mass back trajectories: dust resuspension and marine microorganisms.
Qinghao Guo, Haofei Zhang, Bo Long, Lehui Cui, Yiyang Sun, Hao Liu, Yaxin Liu, Yunting Xiao, Pingqing Fu, and Jialei Zhu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 9249–9262, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-9249-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-9249-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Limonene, a natural compound from plants, reacts with pollutants to form airborne particles that influence air quality and climate. Using advanced models with explicit chemical mechanisms, we show how different reaction pathways shape organonitrate formation, with some increasing and others decreasing particle levels. This approach enhances predictions of pollution and climate impacts while deepening our understanding of how natural and human-made emissions interact in the atmosphere.
Xi Chen, Ke Li, Ting Yang, Xipeng Jin, Lei Chen, Yang Yang, Shuman Zhao, Bo Hu, Bin Zhu, Zifa Wang, and Hong Liao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 9151–9168, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-9151-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-9151-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol vertical distribution that plays a crucial role in aerosol–photolysis interaction (API) remains underrepresented in chemical models. We integrated lidar and radiosonde observations to constrain the simulated aerosol profiles over North China and quantified the photochemical responses. The increased photolysis rates in the lower layers led to increased ozone and accounted for a 36 %–56 % reduction in API effects, resulting in enhanced atmospheric oxidizing capacity and aerosol formation.
Huiyun Du, Jie Li, Xueshun Chen, Gabriele Curci, Fangqun Yu, Yele Sun, Xu Dao, Song Guo, Zhe Wang, Wenyi Yang, Lianfang Wei, and Zifa Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 5665–5681, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-5665-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-5665-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Inadequate consideration of mixing states and coatings on black carbon (BC) hinders aerosol radiation forcing quantification. Core–shell mixing aligns well with observations, but partial internal mixing is a more realistic representation. We used a microphysics module to determine the fraction of embedded BC and coating aerosols, constraining the mixing state. This reduced absorption enhancement by 30 %–43 % in northern China, offering insights into BC's radiative effects.
Jingye Ren, Songjian Zou, Honghao Xu, Guiquan Liu, Zhe Wang, Anran Zhang, Chuanfeng Zhao, Min Hu, Dongjie Shang, Lizi Tang, Ru-Jin Huang, Yele Sun, and Fang Zhang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1483, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1483, 2025
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, a new framework of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) prediction in polluted region has been developed and it achieves well prediction of hourly-to-yearly scale across North China Plain. The study reveals a significant long-term decreasing trend of CCN concentration at typical supersaturations due to a rapid reduction in aerosol concentrations from 2014 to 2018. This improvement of our new model would be helpful to aerosols climate effect assessment in models.
Hanzheng Zhu, Yaman Liu, Man Yue, Shihui Feng, Pingqing Fu, Kan Huang, Xinyi Dong, and Minghuai Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 5175–5197, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-5175-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-5175-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Dust-soluble iron deposition from East Asia plays an important role in the marine ecology of the Northwest Pacific. Using the developed model, our findings highlight a dual trend: a decrease in the overall deposition of soluble iron from dust but an increase in the solubility of the iron itself due to the enhanced atmospheric processing. The study underscores the critical roles of both dust emission and atmospheric processing in soluble iron deposition and marine ecology.
Zhichao Dong, Subba Rao Devineni, Xiaoli Fu, Zhanjie Xu, Mingyu Li, Pingqing Fu, Cong-Qiang Liu, and Chandra Mouli Pavuluri
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-899, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-899, 2025
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
We developed new method to detect and measure organosulfates in PM2.5. By synthesizing organosulfates and combining them with commercial standards, we improved detection accuracy. Testing air samples from Tianjin, China, we found wintertime levels of organosulfates were much higher than in other regions. Our results show how human actions directly impact air quality and provide a tool to track pollution sources. This work helps scientists understand and address harmful aerosols in environments.
Rui Jin, Wei Hu, Peimin Duan, Ming Sheng, Dandan Liu, Ziye Huang, Mutong Niu, Libin Wu, Junjun Deng, and Pingqing Fu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 1805–1829, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1805-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1805-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The metabolic capacity of atmospheric microorganisms after settling into habitats is poorly understood. We studied the molecular composition of exometabolites for cultured typical airborne microbes and traced their metabolic processes. Bacteria and fungi produce highly oxidized exometabolites and have significant variations in metabolism among different strains. These insights are pivotal for assessing the biogeochemical impacts of atmospheric microorganisms following their deposition.
Ye Kuang, Jiangchuan Tao, Hanbing Xu, Li Liu, Pengfei Liu, Wanyun Xu, Weiqi Xu, Yele Sun, and Chunsheng Zhao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 1163–1174, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1163-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1163-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents a novel optical framework to measure supersaturation, a fundamental parameter in cloud physics, by observing the scattering properties of particles that have or have not grown into cloud droplets. The technique offers high-resolution measurements, capturing essential fluctuations in supersaturation necessary for understanding cloud physics.
Mingjie Kang, Mengying Bao, Wenhuai Song, Aduburexiati Abulimiti, Changliu Wu, Fang Cao, Sönke Szidat, and Yanlin Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 73–91, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-73-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-73-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Reports on molecular-level knowledge of high-temporal-resolution particulate matter ≤2.5 µm in diameter (PM2.5) on hazy days are limited. We investigated various PM2.5 species and their sources. The results show biomass burning (BB) was the main source of organic carbon. Moreover, BB enhanced fungal spore emissions and secondary aerosol formation. The contribution of non-fossil sources increased with increasing haze pollution, suggesting BB may be an important driver of haze events in winter.
Zichen Wu, Xueshun Chen, Zifa Wang, Huansheng Chen, Zhe Wang, Qing Mu, Lin Wu, Wending Wang, Xiao Tang, Jie Li, Ying Li, Qizhong Wu, Yang Wang, Zhiyin Zou, and Zijian Jiang
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 8885–8907, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-8885-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-8885-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a model to simulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from global to regional scales. The model can reproduce PAH distribution well. The concentration of BaP (indicator species for PAHs) could exceed the target values of 1 ng m-3 over some areas (e.g., in central Europe, India, and eastern China). The change in BaP is lower than that in PM2.5 from 2013 to 2018. China still faces significant potential health risks posed by BaP although the Action Plan has been implemented.
Hongyi Li, Ting Yang, Lars Nerger, Dawei Zhang, Di Zhang, Guigang Tang, Haibo Wang, Yele Sun, Pingqing Fu, Hang Su, and Zifa Wang
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 8495–8519, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-8495-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-8495-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
To accurately characterize the spatiotemporal distribution of particulate matter <2.5 µm chemical components, we developed the Nested Air Quality Prediction Model System with the Parallel Data Assimilation Framework (NAQPMS-PDAF) v2.0 for chemical components with non-Gaussian and nonlinear properties. NAQPMS-PDAF v2.0 has better computing efficiency, excels when used with a small ensemble size, and can significantly improve the simulation performance of chemical components.
Lei Kong, Xiao Tang, Zifa Wang, Jiang Zhu, Jianjun Li, Huangjian Wu, Qizhong Wu, Huansheng Chen, Lili Zhu, Wei Wang, Bing Liu, Qian Wang, Duohong Chen, Yuepeng Pan, Jie Li, Lin Wu, and Gregory R. Carmichael
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 4351–4387, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4351-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4351-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A new long-term inversed emission inventory for Chinese air quality (CAQIEI) is developed in this study, which contains constrained monthly emissions of NOx, SO2, CO, PM2.5, PM10, and NMVOCs in China from 2013 to 2020 with a horizontal resolution of 15 km. Emissions of different air pollutants and their changes during 2013–2020 were investigated and compared with previous emission inventories, which sheds new light on the complex variations of air pollutant emissions in China.
Yuanyuan Luo, Ditte Thomsen, Emil Mark Iversen, Pontus Roldin, Jane Tygesen Skønager, Linjie Li, Michael Priestley, Henrik B. Pedersen, Mattias Hallquist, Merete Bilde, Marianne Glasius, and Mikael Ehn
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 9459–9473, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9459-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9459-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
∆3-carene is abundantly emitted from vegetation, but its atmospheric oxidation chemistry has received limited attention. We explored highly oxygenated organic molecule (HOM) formation from ∆3-carene ozonolysis in chambers and investigated the impact of temperature and relative humidity on HOM formation. Our findings provide new insights into ∆3-carene oxidation pathways and their potential to impact atmospheric aerosols.
Weiqi Xu, Ye Kuang, Wanyun Xu, Zhiqiang Zhang, Biao Luo, Xiaoyi Zhang, Jiangchuang Tao, Hongqin Qiao, Li Liu, and Yele Sun
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 9387–9399, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9387-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9387-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We deployed an advanced aerosol–fog sampling system at a rural site in the North China Plain to investigate impacts of aerosol hygroscopic growth and activation on the physicochemical properties of submicron aerosols. Observed results highlighted remarkably different aqueous processing of primary and secondary submicron aerosol components under distinct ambient relative humidity (RH) conditions and that RH levels significantly impact aerosol sampling through the aerosol swelling effect.
Jiangchuan Tao, Biao Luo, Weiqi Xu, Gang Zhao, Hanbin Xu, Biao Xue, Miaomiao Zhai, Wanyun Xu, Huarong Zhao, Sanxue Ren, Guangsheng Zhou, Li Liu, Ye Kuang, and Yele Sun
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 9131–9154, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9131-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9131-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Using simultaneous measurements of DMA–CCNC, H(/V)TDMA, and DMA–SP2, impacts of primary emissions and secondary aerosol formations on changes in aerosol physicochemical properties were comprehensively investigated. It was found that intercomparisons among aerosol mixing-state parameters derived from different techniques can help us gain more insight into aerosol physical properties which, in turn, will aid the investigation of emission characteristics and secondary aerosol formation pathways.
Zijun Zhang, Weiqi Xu, Yi Zhang, Wei Zhou, Xiangyu Xu, Aodong Du, Yinzhou Zhang, Hongqin Qiao, Ye Kuang, Xiaole Pan, Zifa Wang, Xueling Cheng, Lanzhong Liu, Qingyan Fu, Douglas R. Worsnop, Jie Li, and Yele Sun
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8473–8488, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8473-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8473-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated aerosol composition and sources and the interaction between secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and clouds at a regional mountain site in southeastern China. Clouds efficiently scavenge more oxidized SOA; however, cloud evaporation leads to the production of less oxidized SOA. The unexpectedly high presence of nitrate in aerosol particles indicates that nitrate formed in polluted areas has undergone interactions with clouds, significantly influencing the regional background site.
Ming Chu, Xing Wei, Shangfei Hai, Yang Gao, Huiwang Gao, Yujiao Zhu, Biwu Chu, Nan Ma, Juan Hong, Yele Sun, and Xiaohong Yao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 6769–6786, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6769-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6769-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We used a 20-bin WRF-Chem model to simulate NPF events in the NCP during a three-week observational period in the summer of 2019. The model was able to reproduce the observations during June 29–July 6, which was characterized by a high frequency of NPF occurrence.
Zhichao Dong, Chandra Mouli Pavuluri, Peisen Li, Zhanjie Xu, Junjun Deng, Xueyan Zhao, Xiaomai Zhao, Pingqing Fu, and Cong-Qiang Liu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 5887–5905, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5887-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5887-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Comprehensive study of optical properties of brown carbon (BrC) in fine aerosols from Tianjin, China, implied that biological emissions are major sources of BrC in summer, whereas fossil fuel combustion and biomass burning emissions are in cold periods. The direct radiation absorption caused by BrC in short wavelengths contributed about 40 % to that caused by BrC in 300–700 nm. Water-insoluble but methanol-soluble BrC contains more protein-like chromophores (PLOM) than that of water-soluble BrC.
Zhiqiang Zhang, Ying Li, Haiyan Ran, Junling An, Yu Qu, Wei Zhou, Weiqi Xu, Weiwei Hu, Hongbin Xie, Zifa Wang, Yele Sun, and Manabu Shiraiwa
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 4809–4826, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4809-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4809-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) can exist in liquid, semi-solid, or amorphous solid states, which are rarely accounted for in current chemical transport models. We predict the phase state of SOA particles over China and find that in northwestern China SOA particles are mostly highly viscous or glassy solid. Our results indicate that the particle phase state should be considered in SOA formation in chemical transport models for more accurate prediction of SOA mass concentrations.
Jiawei Li, Zhiwei Han, Pingqing Fu, Xiaohong Yao, and Mingjie Liang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3129–3161, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3129-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3129-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Organic aerosols of marine origin are important for aerosol climatic effects but are poorly understood. For the first time, an online coupled regional chemistry–climate model is applied to explore the characteristics of emission, distribution, and direct and indirect radiative effects of marine organic aerosols over the western Pacific, which reveals an important role of marine organic aerosols in perturbing cloud and radiation and promotes understanding of global aerosol climatic impact.
Jian Zhao, Valter Mickwitz, Yuanyuan Luo, Ella Häkkinen, Frans Graeffe, Jiangyi Zhang, Hilkka Timonen, Manjula Canagaratna, Jordan E. Krechmer, Qi Zhang, Markku Kulmala, Juha Kangasluoma, Douglas Worsnop, and Mikael Ehn
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 1527–1543, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-1527-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-1527-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Organic aerosol constitutes a significant portion of atmospheric fine particles but is less characterized due to its vast number of constituents. Recently, we developed a system for online measurements of particle-phase highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs). In this work, we systematically characterized the system, developed a new unit to enhance its performance, and demonstrated the essential role of thermograms in inferring volatility and quantifying HOMs in organic aerosols.
Jiangyi Zhang, Jian Zhao, Yuanyuan Luo, Valter Mickwitz, Douglas Worsnop, and Mikael Ehn
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2885–2911, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2885-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2885-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Due to the intrinsic connection between the formation pathways of O3 and HOMs, the ratio of HOM dimers or non-nitrate monomers to HOM organic nitrates could be used to determine O3 formation regimes. Owing to the fast formation and short lifetimes of HOMs, HOM-based indicating ratios can describe O3 formation in real time. Despite the success of our approach in this simple laboratory system, applicability to the much more complex atmosphere remains to be determined.
Xinlei Ge, Yele Sun, Justin Trousdell, Mindong Chen, and Qi Zhang
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 423–439, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-423-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-423-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study aims to enhance the application of the Aerodyne high-resolution aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-AMS) in characterizing organic nitrogen (ON) species within aerosol particles and droplets. A thorough analysis was conducted on 75 ON standards that represent a diverse spectrum of ambient ON types. The results underscore the capacity of the HR-AMS in examining the concentration and chemistry of atmospheric ON compounds, thereby offering insights into their sources and environmental impacts.
Yuhao Cui, Eri Tachibana, Kimitaka Kawamura, and Yuzo Miyazaki
Biogeosciences, 20, 4969–4980, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4969-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4969-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Fatty alcohols (FAs) are major components of surface lipids in plant leaves and serve as surface-active aerosols. Our study on the aerosol size distributions in a forest suggests that secondary FAs (SFAs) originated from plant waxes and that leaf senescence status is likely an important factor controlling the size distribution of SFAs. This study provides new insights into the sources of primary biological aerosol particles (PBAPs) and their effects on the aerosol ice nucleation activity.
Mutong Niu, Shu Huang, Wei Hu, Yajie Wang, Wanyun Xu, Wan Wei, Qiang Zhang, Zihan Wang, Donghuan Zhang, Rui Jin, Libin Wu, Junjun Deng, Fangxia Shen, and Pingqing Fu
Biogeosciences, 20, 4915–4930, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4915-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4915-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Sugar compounds in air can trace the source of bioaerosols that affect public health and climate. In rural north China, we observed increased fungal activity at night and less variable bacterial community diversity. Certain night-increasing sugar compounds were more closely related to fungi than bacteria. The fungal community greatly influenced sugar compounds, while bacteria played a limited role. Caution is advised when using sugar compounds to trace airborne microbes, particularly bacteria.
Lehui Cui, Yunting Xiao, Wei Hu, Lei Song, Yujue Wang, Chao Zhang, Pingqing Fu, and Jialei Zhu
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 5403–5425, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5403-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5403-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Isoprene is a crucial non-methane biogenic volatile organic compound with the largest global emissions, which has high chemical reactivity and serves as the primary source of natural secondary organic aerosols. This study built a module to present a 20-year global hourly dataset of marine phytoplankton-generated biological and photochemistry-generated isoprene emissions in the sea microlayers based on the latest advancements in biological, physical, and chemical processes.
Jingjing Meng, Yachen Wang, Yuanyuan Li, Tonglin Huang, Zhifei Wang, Yiqiu Wang, Min Chen, Zhanfang Hou, Houhua Zhou, Keding Lu, Kimitaka Kawamura, and Pingqing Fu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14481–14503, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14481-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14481-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigated the effect of COVID-19 lockdown (LCD) measures on the formation and evolutionary process of diacids and related compounds from field observations. Results demonstrate that more aged organic aerosols are observed during the LCD due to the enhanced photochemical oxidation. Our study also found that the reactivity of 13C was higher than that of 12C in the gaseous photochemical oxidation, leading to higher δ13C values of C2 during the LCD than before the LCD.
Aodong Du, Jiaxing Sun, Hang Liu, Weiqi Xu, Wei Zhou, Yuting Zhang, Lei Li, Xubing Du, Yan Li, Xiaole Pan, Zifa Wang, and Yele Sun
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 13597–13611, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13597-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13597-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We characterized the impacts of emission controls on particle mixing state and density during the Beijing Olympic Winter Games using a SPAMS in tandem with a DMA and an AAC. OC and sulfate-containing particles increased, while those from primary emissions decreased. The effective particle densities increased and varied largely for different particles, highlighting the impacts of aging and formation processes on the changes of particle density and mixing state.
Tao Wang, Hang Liu, Jie Li, Shuai Wang, Youngseob Kim, Yele Sun, Wenyi Yang, Huiyun Du, Zhe Wang, and Zifa Wang
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 5585–5599, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-5585-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-5585-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This paper developed a two-way coupled module in a new version of a regional urban–street network model, IAQMS-street v2.0, in which the mass flux from streets to background is considered. Test cases are defined to evaluate the performance of IAQMS-street v2.0 in Beijing by comparing it with that simulated by IAQMS-street v1.0 and a regional model. The contribution of local emissions and the influence of on-road vehicle control measures on air quality are evaluated by using IAQMS-street v2.0.
Li Wu, Hyo-Jin Eom, Hanjin Yoo, Dhrubajyoti Gupta, Hye-Rin Cho, Pingqing Fu, and Chul-Un Ro
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 12571–12588, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12571-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12571-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Hygroscopicity of ambient marine aerosols is of critical relevance to investigate their atmospheric impacts, which, however, remain uncertain due to their complex compositions and mixing states. Therefore, a study on the hygroscopic behavior of ambient marine aerosols for understanding the phase states when interacting with water vapor at different RH levels and their subsequent impacts on the heterogeneous chemical reactions, atmospheric environment, and human health is of vital importance.
Xi Chen, Ting Yang, Zifa Wang, Futing Wang, and Haibo Wang
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 4289–4302, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-4289-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-4289-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Uncertainties remain great in the planetary boundary layer height (PBLH) determination from radiosonde, especially during the transition period of different PBL regimes. We combine seven existing methods along with statistical modification on gradient-based methods. We find that the ensemble method can eliminate the overestimation of PBLH and reduce the inconsistency between individual methods. The ensemble method improves the effectiveness of PBLH determination to 62.6 %.
Yong Zhang, Jie Tian, Qiyuan Wang, Lu Qi, Manousos Ioannis Manousakas, Yuemei Han, Weikang Ran, Yele Sun, Huikun Liu, Renjian Zhang, Yunfei Wu, Tianqu Cui, Kaspar Rudolf Daellenbach, Jay Gates Slowik, André S. H. Prévôt, and Junji Cao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9455–9471, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9455-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9455-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
PM2.5 pollution still frequently occurs in northern China during winter, and it is necessary to figure out the causes of air pollution based on intensive real-time measurement. The findings elaborate the chemical characteristics and source contributions of PM2.5 in three pilot cities, reveal potential formation mechanisms of secondary aerosols, and highlight the importance of controlling biomass burning and inhibiting generation of secondary aerosol for air quality improvement.
Qi Yuan, Yuanyuan Wang, Yixin Chen, Siyao Yue, Jian Zhang, Yinxiao Zhang, Liang Xu, Wei Hu, Dantong Liu, Pingqing Fu, Huiwang Gao, and Weijun Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9385–9399, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9385-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9385-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study for the first time found large amounts of liquid–liquid phase separation particles with soot redistributing in organic coatings instead of sulfate cores in the eastern Tibetan Plateau atmosphere. The particle size and the ratio of the organic matter coating thickness to soot size are two of the major possible factors that likely affect the soot redistribution process. The soot redistribution process promoted the morphological compaction of soot particles.
Dandan Liu, Yun Zhang, Shujun Zhong, Shuang Chen, Qiaorong Xie, Donghuan Zhang, Qiang Zhang, Wei Hu, Junjun Deng, Libin Wu, Chao Ma, Haijie Tong, and Pingqing Fu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8383–8402, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8383-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8383-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Based on ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis, we found that β-pinene oxidation-derived highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs) exhibit higher yield at high ozone concentration, while limonene oxidation-derived HOMs exhibit higher yield at moderate ozone concentration. The distinct molecular response of HOMs and low-volatile species in different biogenic secondary organic aerosols to ozone concentrations provides a new clue for more accurate air quality prediction and management.
Lichao Yang, Wansuo Duan, and Zifa Wang
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 3827–3848, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-3827-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-3827-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
An approach is proposed to refine a ground meteorological observation network to improve the PM2.5 forecasts in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region. A cost-effective observation network is obtained and makes the relevant PM2.5 forecasts assimilate fewer observations but achieve the forecasting skill comparable to or higher than that obtained by assimilating all ground station observations, suggesting that many of the current ground stations can be greatly scattered to avoid much unnecessary work.
Hang Liu, Xiaole Pan, Shandong Lei, Yuting Zhang, Aodong Du, Weijie Yao, Guiqian Tang, Tao Wang, Jinyuan Xin, Jie Li, Yele Sun, Junji Cao, and Zifa Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 7225–7239, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7225-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7225-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We provide the average vertical profiles of black carbon (BC) concentration, size distribution and coating thickness at different times of the day in an urban area based on 112 vertical profiles. In addition, it is found that BC in the residual layer generally has a thicker coating, higher absorption enhancement and hygroscopicity than on the surface. Such aged BC could enter into the boundary layer and influence the BC properties in the early morning.
Wen Lu, Bin Zhu, Shuqi Yan, Jie Li, and Zifa Wang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1089, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1089, 2023
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
Parameterized the minimum turbulent diffusivity (Kzmin) by sensible heat flux and latent heat flux and embedded it into the WRF-Chem model. New scheme improved the underestimation of turbulence diffusion underestimation and overestimation of surface PM2.5 under stable boundary layer simulation over eastern China. The physical relationship between Kzmin and two factors was discussed. Process analysis showed that vertical mixing is the key process to improve surface PM2.5 simulations.
Lei Kong, Xiao Tang, Jiang Zhu, Zifa Wang, Yele Sun, Pingqing Fu, Meng Gao, Huangjian Wu, Miaomiao Lu, Qian Wu, Shuyuan Huang, Wenxuan Sui, Jie Li, Xiaole Pan, Lin Wu, Hajime Akimoto, and Gregory R. Carmichael
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 6217–6240, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6217-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6217-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
A multi-air-pollutant inversion system has been developed in this study to estimate emission changes in China during COVID-19 lockdown. The results demonstrate that the lockdown is largely a nationwide road traffic control measure with NOx emissions decreasing by ~40 %. Emissions of other species only decreased by ~10 % due to smaller effects of lockdown on other sectors. Assessment results further indicate that the lockdown only had limited effects on the control of PM2.5 and O3 in China.
Joanna E. Dyson, Lisa K. Whalley, Eloise J. Slater, Robert Woodward-Massey, Chunxiang Ye, James D. Lee, Freya Squires, James R. Hopkins, Rachel E. Dunmore, Marvin Shaw, Jacqueline F. Hamilton, Alastair C. Lewis, Stephen D. Worrall, Asan Bacak, Archit Mehra, Thomas J. Bannan, Hugh Coe, Carl J. Percival, Bin Ouyang, C. Nicholas Hewitt, Roderic L. Jones, Leigh R. Crilley, Louisa J. Kramer, W. Joe F. Acton, William J. Bloss, Supattarachai Saksakulkrai, Jingsha Xu, Zongbo Shi, Roy M. Harrison, Simone Kotthaus, Sue Grimmond, Yele Sun, Weiqi Xu, Siyao Yue, Lianfang Wei, Pingqing Fu, Xinming Wang, Stephen R. Arnold, and Dwayne E. Heard
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 5679–5697, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5679-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5679-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The hydroxyl (OH) and closely coupled hydroperoxyl (HO2) radicals are vital for their role in the removal of atmospheric pollutants. In less polluted regions, atmospheric models over-predict HO2 concentrations. In this modelling study, the impact of heterogeneous uptake of HO2 onto aerosol surfaces on radical concentrations and the ozone production regime in Beijing in the summertime is investigated, and the implications for emissions policies across China are considered.
Junhua Wang, Baozhu Ge, Xueshun Chen, Jie Li, Keding Lu, Yayuan Dong, Lei Kong, Zifa Wang, and Yuanhang Zhang
Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2023-22, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2023-22, 2023
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a quantitative decoupling analysis (QDA) method to quantify the contributions of emissions, meteorology, chemical reactions, and their nonlinear interactions on PM2.5. We found the effects of adverse meteorological conditions and the importance of nonlinear interactions. This method can provide valuable information for understanding of key factors to heavy pollution, but also help the modelers to find out the sources of uncertainties in numerical models.
Shixian Zhai, Daniel J. Jacob, Drew C. Pendergrass, Nadia K. Colombi, Viral Shah, Laura Hyesung Yang, Qiang Zhang, Shuxiao Wang, Hwajin Kim, Yele Sun, Jin-Soo Choi, Jin-Soo Park, Gan Luo, Fangqun Yu, Jung-Hun Woo, Younha Kim, Jack E. Dibb, Taehyoung Lee, Jin-Seok Han, Bruce E. Anderson, Ke Li, and Hong Liao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 4271–4281, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4271-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4271-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Anthropogenic fugitive dust in East Asia not only causes severe coarse particulate matter air pollution problems, but also affects fine particulate nitrate. Due to emission control efforts, coarse PM decreased steadily. We find that the decrease of coarse PM is a major driver for a lack of decrease of fine particulate nitrate, as it allows more nitric acid to form fine particulate nitrate. The continuing decrease of coarse PM requires more stringent ammonia and nitrogen oxides emission controls.
Ella Häkkinen, Jian Zhao, Frans Graeffe, Nicolas Fauré, Jordan E. Krechmer, Douglas Worsnop, Hilkka Timonen, Mikael Ehn, and Juha Kangasluoma
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 1705–1721, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-1705-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-1705-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Highly oxygenated compounds contribute to the formation and growth of atmospheric organic aerosol and thus impact the global climate. Knowledge of their transformations and fate after condensing into the particle phase has been limited by the lack of suitable detection techniques. Here, we present an online method for measuring highly oxygenated compounds from organic aerosol. We evaluate the performance of the method and demonstrate that the method is applicable to different organic species.
Jian Zhao, Ella Häkkinen, Frans Graeffe, Jordan E. Krechmer, Manjula R. Canagaratna, Douglas R. Worsnop, Juha Kangasluoma, and Mikael Ehn
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 3707–3730, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3707-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3707-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Based on the combined measurements of gas- and particle-phase highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs) from α-pinene ozonolysis, enhancement of dimers in particles was observed. We conducted experiments wherein the dimer to monomer (D / M) ratios of HOMs in the gas phase were modified (adding CO / NO) to investigate the effects of the corresponding D / M ratios in the particles. These results are important for a better understanding of secondary organic aerosol formation in the atmosphere.
Zhichao Dong, Chandra Mouli Pavuluri, Zhanjie Xu, Yu Wang, Peisen Li, Pingqing Fu, and Cong-Qiang Liu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 2119–2143, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2119-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2119-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study has provided comprehensive baseline data of carbonaceous and inorganic aerosols as well as their isotope ratios in the Tianjin region, North China, found that Tianjin aerosols were derived from coal combustion, biomass burning and photochemical reactions of VOCs, and also implied that the Tianjin aerosols were more aged during long-range atmospheric transport in summer via carbonaceous and isotope data analysis.
Shujun Zhong, Shuang Chen, Junjun Deng, Yanbing Fan, Qiang Zhang, Qiaorong Xie, Yulin Qi, Wei Hu, Libin Wu, Xiaodong Li, Chandra Mouli Pavuluri, Jialei Zhu, Xin Wang, Di Liu, Xiaole Pan, Yele Sun, Zifa Wang, Yisheng Xu, Haijie Tong, Hang Su, Yafang Cheng, Kimitaka Kawamura, and Pingqing Fu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 2061–2077, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2061-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2061-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigated the role of the secondary organic aerosol (SOA) loading on the molecular composition of wintertime urban aerosols by ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry. Results demonstrate that the SOA loading is an important factor associated with the oxidation degree, nitrate group content, and chemodiversity of nitrooxy–organosulfates. Our study also found that the hydrolysis of nitrooxy–organosulfates is a possible pathway for the formation of organosulfates.
Yuying Wang, Rong Hu, Qiuyan Wang, Zhanqing Li, Maureen Cribb, Yele Sun, Xiaorui Song, Yi Shang, Yixuan Wu, Xin Huang, and Yuxiang Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 14133–14146, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14133-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14133-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The mixing state of size-resolved soot particles and their influencing factors were investigated. The results suggest anthropogenic emissions and aging processes have diverse impacts on the mixing state of soot particles in different modes. Considering that the mixing state of soot particles is crucial to model aerosol absorption, this finding is important to study particle growth and the warming effect of black carbon aerosols.
Xiaoying Niu, Wei Pu, Pingqing Fu, Yang Chen, Yuxuan Xing, Dongyou Wu, Ziqi Chen, Tenglong Shi, Yue Zhou, Hui Wen, and Xin Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 14075–14094, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14075-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14075-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we do the first investigation of WSOC in seasonal snow of northeastern China. The results revealed the regional-specific compositions and sources of WSOC due to different natural environments and anthropogenic activities. The abundant concentrations of WSOC and its absorption properties contributed to a crucial impact on the snow albedo and radiative effect. We established that our study could raise awareness of carbon cycling processes, hydrological processes, and climate change.
Futing Wang, Ting Yang, Zifa Wang, Haibo Wang, Xi Chen, Yele Sun, Jianjun Li, Guigang Tang, and Wenxuan Chai
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 6127–6144, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-6127-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-6127-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We develop a new algorithm to get the vertical mass concentration profiles of fine aerosol components based on the synergy of ground-based remote sensing for the first time. The comparisons with in situ observations and chemistry transport models validate the performance of the algorithm. Uncertainties caused by input parameters are also assessed in this paper. We expected that the algorithm can provide a new idea for lidar inversion and promote the development of aerosol component profiles.
Chao Yan, Yicheng Shen, Dominik Stolzenburg, Lubna Dada, Ximeng Qi, Simo Hakala, Anu-Maija Sundström, Yishuo Guo, Antti Lipponen, Tom V. Kokkonen, Jenni Kontkanen, Runlong Cai, Jing Cai, Tommy Chan, Liangduo Chen, Biwu Chu, Chenjuan Deng, Wei Du, Xiaolong Fan, Xu-Cheng He, Juha Kangasluoma, Joni Kujansuu, Mona Kurppa, Chang Li, Yiran Li, Zhuohui Lin, Yiliang Liu, Yuliang Liu, Yiqun Lu, Wei Nie, Jouni Pulliainen, Xiaohui Qiao, Yonghong Wang, Yifan Wen, Ye Wu, Gan Yang, Lei Yao, Rujing Yin, Gen Zhang, Shaojun Zhang, Feixue Zheng, Ying Zhou, Antti Arola, Johanna Tamminen, Pauli Paasonen, Yele Sun, Lin Wang, Neil M. Donahue, Yongchun Liu, Federico Bianchi, Kaspar R. Daellenbach, Douglas R. Worsnop, Veli-Matti Kerminen, Tuukka Petäjä, Aijun Ding, Jingkun Jiang, and Markku Kulmala
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 12207–12220, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12207-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12207-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Atmospheric new particle formation (NPF) is a dominant source of atmospheric ultrafine particles. In urban environments, traffic emissions are a major source of primary pollutants, but their contribution to NPF remains under debate. During the COVID-19 lockdown, traffic emissions were significantly reduced, providing a unique chance to examine their relevance to NPF. Based on our comprehensive measurements, we demonstrate that traffic emissions alone are not able to explain the NPF in Beijing.
Mengying Li, Shaocai Yu, Xue Chen, Zhen Li, Yibo Zhang, Zhe Song, Weiping Liu, Pengfei Li, Xiaoye Zhang, Meigen Zhang, Yele Sun, Zirui Liu, Caiping Sun, Jingkun Jiang, Shuxiao Wang, Benjamin N. Murphy, Kiran Alapaty, Rohit Mathur, Daniel Rosenfeld, and John H. Seinfeld
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 11845–11866, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11845-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11845-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study constructed an emission inventory of condensable particulate matter (CPM) in China with a focus on organic aerosols (OAs), based on collected CPM emission information. The results show that OA emissions are enhanced twofold for the years 2014 and 2017 after the inclusion of CPM in the new inventory. Sensitivity cases demonstrated the significant contributions of CPM emissions from stationary combustion and mobile sources to primary, secondary, and total OA concentrations.
Lichao Yang, Wansuo Duan, Zifa Wang, and Wenyi Yang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 11429–11453, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11429-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11429-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The initial meteorological state has a great impact on PM2.5 forecasts. Assimilating additional observations is an effective way to improve the accuracy of the initial meteorological state. Here we used an advanced optimization approach to identify where we should preferentially place the meteorological observations associated with PM2.5 forecasts in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region of China. We provide evidence that the target observation strategy is effective for improving PM2.5 forecasts.
Zhiqiang Zhang, Yele Sun, Chun Chen, Bo You, Aodong Du, Weiqi Xu, Yan Li, Zhijie Li, Lu Lei, Wei Zhou, Jiaxing Sun, Yanmei Qiu, Lianfang Wei, Pingqing Fu, and Zifa Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 10409–10423, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10409-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10409-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We present a comprehensive characterization of water-soluble organic aerosol and the first mass spectral characterization of water-insoluble organic aerosol in the cold season in Beijing by integrating online and offline aerosol mass spectrometer measurements. WSOA comprised dominantly secondary OA and showed large changes during the transition season from autumn to winter. WIOA was characterized by prominent hydrocarbon ions series, low oxidation states, and significant day–night differences.
Jiaxing Sun, Yele Sun, Conghui Xie, Weiqi Xu, Chun Chen, Zhe Wang, Lei Li, Xubing Du, Fugui Huang, Yan Li, Zhijie Li, Xiaole Pan, Nan Ma, Wanyun Xu, Pingqing Fu, and Zifa Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 7619–7630, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7619-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7619-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We analyzed the chemical composition and mixing state of BC-containing particles at urban and rural sites in winter in the North China Plain and evaluated their impact on light absorption enhancement. BC was dominantly mixed with organic carbon, nitrate, and sulfate, and the mixing state evolved significantly as a function of relative humidity (RH) at both sites. The absorption enhancement depended strongly on coated secondary inorganic aerosol and was up to ~1.3–1.4 during aging processes.
Junjun Deng, Hao Ma, Xinfeng Wang, Shujun Zhong, Zhimin Zhang, Jialei Zhu, Yanbing Fan, Wei Hu, Libin Wu, Xiaodong Li, Lujie Ren, Chandra Mouli Pavuluri, Xiaole Pan, Yele Sun, Zifa Wang, Kimitaka Kawamura, and Pingqing Fu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 6449–6470, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6449-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6449-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Light-absorbing brown carbon (BrC) plays an important role in climate change and atmospheric chemistry. Here we investigated the seasonal and diurnal variations in water-soluble BrC in PM2.5 in the megacity Tianjin in coastal China. Results of the source apportionments from the combination with organic molecular compositions and optical properties of water-soluble BrC reveal a large contribution from primary bioaerosol particles to BrC in the urban atmosphere.
Haibo Wang, Ting Yang, Zifa Wang, Jianjun Li, Wenxuan Chai, Guigang Tang, Lei Kong, and Xueshun Chen
Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 3555–3585, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-3555-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-3555-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, we develop an online data coupled assimilation system (NAQPMS-PDAF) with the Eulerian atmospheric chemistry-transport model. NAQPMS-PDAF allows efficient use of large computational resources. The application and performance of the system are investigated by assimilating 1 month of vertical aerosol observations. The results show that NAQPMS-PDAF can significantly improve the performance of aerosol vertical structure simulation and reduce the uncertainty to a large extent.
Yange Deng, Hiroaki Fujinari, Hikari Yai, Kojiro Shimada, Yuzo Miyazaki, Eri Tachibana, Dhananjay K. Deshmukh, Kimitaka Kawamura, Tomoki Nakayama, Shiori Tatsuta, Mingfu Cai, Hanbing Xu, Fei Li, Haobo Tan, Sho Ohata, Yutaka Kondo, Akinori Takami, Shiro Hatakeyama, and Michihiro Mochida
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 5515–5533, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5515-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5515-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Offline analyses of the hygroscopicity and composition of atmospheric aerosols are complementary to online analyses in view of the applicability to broader sizes, specific compound groups, and investigations at remote sites. This offline study characterized the composition of water-soluble matter in aerosols and their humidity-dependent hygroscopicity on Okinawa, a receptor site of East Asian outflow. Further, comparison with online analyses showed the appropriateness of the offline method.
Jingnan Shi, Juan Hong, Nan Ma, Qingwei Luo, Yao He, Hanbing Xu, Haobo Tan, Qiaoqiao Wang, Jiangchuan Tao, Yaqing Zhou, Shuang Han, Long Peng, Linhong Xie, Guangsheng Zhou, Wanyun Xu, Yele Sun, Yafang Cheng, and Hang Su
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 4599–4613, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4599-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4599-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we investigated the hygroscopicity of submicron aerosols at a rural site in the North China Plain during the winter of 2018, using a HTDMA and a CV-ToF-ACSM. We observed differences in aerosol hygroscopicity during two distinct episodes with different primary emissions and secondary aerosol formation processes. These results provide an improved understanding of the complex influence of sources and aerosol evolution processes on their hygroscopicity.
Haiyan Li, Thomas Golin Almeida, Yuanyuan Luo, Jian Zhao, Brett B. Palm, Christopher D. Daub, Wei Huang, Claudia Mohr, Jordan E. Krechmer, Theo Kurtén, and Mikael Ehn
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 1811–1827, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-1811-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-1811-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This work evaluated the potential for PTR-based mass spectrometers to detect ROOR and ROOH peroxides both experimentally and through computations. Laboratory experiments using a Vocus PTR observed only noisy signals of potential dimers during α-pinene ozonolysis and a few small signals of dimeric compounds during cyclohexene ozonolysis. Quantum chemical calculations for model ROOR and ROOH systems showed that most of these peroxides should fragment partially following protonation.
Yanhong Zhu, Weijun Li, Yue Wang, Jian Zhang, Lei Liu, Liang Xu, Jingsha Xu, Jinhui Shi, Longyi Shao, Pingqing Fu, Daizhou Zhang, and Zongbo Shi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 2191–2202, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2191-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2191-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The solubilities of iron in fine particles in a megacity in Eastern China were studied under haze, fog, dust, clear, and rain weather conditions. For the first time, a receptor model was used to quantify the sources of dissolved and total iron aerosol. Microscopic analysis further confirmed the aging of iron aerosol during haze and fog conditions that facilitated dissolution of insoluble iron.
Yaqing Zhou, Nan Ma, Qiaoqiao Wang, Zhibin Wang, Chunrong Chen, Jiangchuan Tao, Juan Hong, Long Peng, Yao He, Linhong Xie, Shaowen Zhu, Yuxuan Zhang, Guo Li, Wanyun Xu, Peng Cheng, Uwe Kuhn, Guangsheng Zhou, Pingqing Fu, Qiang Zhang, Hang Su, and Yafang Cheng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 2029–2047, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2029-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2029-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study characterizes size-resolved particle effective densities and their evolution associated with emissions and aging processes in a rural area of the North China Plain. Particle effective density exhibits a high-frequency bimodal distribution, and two density modes exhibit opposite trends with increasing particle size. SIA and BC mass fractions are key factors of particle effective density, and a value of 0.6 g cm−3 is appropriate to represent BC effective density in bulk particles.
Md. Mozammel Haque, Yanlin Zhang, Srinivas Bikkina, Meehye Lee, and Kimitaka Kawamura
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 1373–1393, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1373-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1373-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We attempt to understand the current state of East Asian organic aerosols with both the molecular marker approach and 14° C data of carbonaceous components. A significant positive correlation of nonfossil- and fossil-derived organic carbon with levoglucosan suggests the importance of biomass burning (BB) and coal combustion sources in the East Asian outflow. Thus, attribution of ambient levoglucosan levels over the western North Pacific to the impact of BB emission may cause large uncertainty.
Jing Cai, Cheng Wu, Jiandong Wang, Wei Du, Feixue Zheng, Simo Hakala, Xiaolong Fan, Biwu Chu, Lei Yao, Zemin Feng, Yongchun Liu, Yele Sun, Jun Zheng, Chao Yan, Federico Bianchi, Markku Kulmala, Claudia Mohr, and Kaspar R. Daellenbach
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 1251–1269, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1251-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1251-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates the connection between organic aerosol (OA) molecular composition and particle absorptive properties in autumn in Beijing. We find that the molecular properties of OA compounds in different episodes influence particle light absorption properties differently: the light absorption enhancement of black carbon and light absorption coefficient of brown carbon were mostly related to more oxygenated OA (low C number and four O atoms) and aromatics/nitro-aromatics, respectively.
Jiaxing Sun, Zhe Wang, Wei Zhou, Conghui Xie, Cheng Wu, Chun Chen, Tingting Han, Qingqing Wang, Zhijie Li, Jie Li, Pingqing Fu, Zifa Wang, and Yele Sun
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 561–575, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-561-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-561-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We analyzed 9-year measurements of BC and aerosol optical properties from 2012 to 2020 in Beijing, China. Our results showed large reductions in BC and light extinction coefficient due to the Clean Air Action Plan. As a response, both SSA and mass extinction efficiency (MEE) showed considerable increases, demonstrating a future challenge in visibility improvement. The primary and secondary BrC was also separated and quantified, and the changes in radiative forcing of BC and BrC were estimated.
Qian Ye, Jie Li, Xueshun Chen, Huansheng Chen, Wenyi Yang, Huiyun Du, Xiaole Pan, Xiao Tang, Wei Wang, Lili Zhu, Jianjun Li, Zhe Wang, and Zifa Wang
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 7573–7604, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-7573-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-7573-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a global tropospheric atmospheric chemistry source–receptor model. This model can quantify the contributions of multiple air pollutants from various source regions in one simulation without introducing the nonlinear error of atmospheric chemistry. The S-R relationships of PM2.5 and O3 from a global high-resolution (0.5° × 0.5°) simulation were given and compared with previous studies. This model will be useful for creating a link between the scientific community and policymakers.
Yuting Zhang, Hang Liu, Shandong Lei, Wanyun Xu, Yu Tian, Weijie Yao, Xiaoyong Liu, Qi Liao, Jie Li, Chun Chen, Yele Sun, Pingqing Fu, Jinyuan Xin, Junji Cao, Xiaole Pan, and Zifa Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 17631–17648, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17631-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17631-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, the authors used a single-particle soot photometer (SP2) to characterize the particle size, mixing state, and optical properties of black carbon aerosols in rural areas of the North China Plain in winter. Relatively warm and high-RH environments (RH > 50 %, −4° < T < 4 °) were more favorable to rBC aging than dry and cold environments (RH < 60 %, T < −8°). The paper emphasizes the importance of meteorological parameters in the mixing state of black carbon.
Deepchandra Srivastava, Jingsha Xu, Tuan V. Vu, Di Liu, Linjie Li, Pingqing Fu, Siqi Hou, Natalia Moreno Palmerola, Zongbo Shi, and Roy M. Harrison
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 14703–14724, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14703-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14703-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents the source apportionment of PM2.5 performed by positive matrix factorization (PMF) at urban and rural sites in Beijing. These factors are interpreted as traffic emissions, biomass burning, road and soil dust, coal and oil combustion, and secondary inorganics. PMF failed to resolve some sources identified by CMB and AMS and appears to overestimate the dust sources. Comparison with earlier PMF studies from the Beijing area highlights inconsistent findings using this method.
Sihui Jiang, Fang Zhang, Jingye Ren, Lu Chen, Xing Yan, Jieyao Liu, Yele Sun, and Zhanqing Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 14293–14308, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14293-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14293-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
New particle formation (NPF) can be a large source of CCN and affect weather and climate. Here we show that the NPF contributes largely to cloud droplet number concentration (Nd) but is suppressed at high particle number concentrations in Beijing due to water vapor competition. We also reveal a considerable impact of primary sources on the evaluation in the urban atmosphere. Our study has great significance for assessing NPF-associated effects on climate in polluted regions.
Michael Biggart, Jenny Stocker, Ruth M. Doherty, Oliver Wild, David Carruthers, Sue Grimmond, Yiqun Han, Pingqing Fu, and Simone Kotthaus
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 13687–13711, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13687-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13687-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Heat-related illnesses are of increasing concern in China given its rapid urbanisation and our ever-warming climate. We examine the relative impacts that land surface properties and anthropogenic heat have on the urban heat island (UHI) in Beijing using ADMS-Urban. Air temperature measurements and satellite-derived land surface temperatures provide valuable means of evaluating modelled spatiotemporal variations. This work provides critical information for urban planners and UHI mitigation.
Junhua Wang, Baozhu Ge, Xueshun Chen, Jie Li, Keding Lu, Yayuan Dong, Lei Kong, Zifa Wang, and Yuanhang Zhang
Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2021-259, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2021-259, 2021
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
This paper developed a novel quantitative decoupling analysis (QDA) method to quantify the contributions of emission, meteorology, chemical reaction, and their nonlinear interactions on PM2.5 and applied it to a pollution episode in Beijing. This method can provides the researchers and policy makers with valuable information for understanding of key factors to heavy pollution, but also help the modelers to find out the sources of uncertainties among numerical models.
Cited articles
Al-Naiema, I. M. and Stone, E. A.: Evaluation of anthropogenic secondary organic aerosol tracers from aromatic hydrocarbons, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 2053–2065, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-2053-2017, 2017.
An, Z., Huang, R., Zhang, R., Tie, X., Lia, G., Caoa, J., Zhou, W., Shi, Z., Han, Y., Guh, Z., and Ji, Y.: Severe haze in northern China: A synergy of anthropogenic emissions and atmospheric processes, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., 116, 8657–8666, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1900125116, 2019.
Andreae, M. O., Acevedo, O. C., Araùjo, A., Artaxo, P., Barbosa, C. G. G., Barbosa, H. M. J., Brito, J., Carbone, S., Chi, X., Cintra, B. B. L., da Silva, N. F., Dias, N. L., Dias-Júnior, C. Q., Ditas, F., Ditz, R., Godoi, A. F. L., Godoi, R. H. M., Heimann, M., Hoffmann, T., Kesselmeier, J., Könemann, T., Krüger, M. L., Lavric, J. V., Manzi, A. O., Lopes, A. P., Martins, D. L., Mikhailov, E. F., Moran-Zuloaga, D., Nelson, B. W., Nölscher, A. C., Santos Nogueira, D., Piedade, M. T. F., Pöhlker, C., Pöschl, U., Quesada, C. A., Rizzo, L. V., Ro, C.-U., Ruckteschler, N., Sá, L. D. A., de Oliveira Sá, M., Sales, C. B., dos Santos, R. M. N., Saturno, J., Schöngart, J., Sörgel, M., de Souza, C. M., de Souza, R. A. F., Su, H., Targhetta, N., Tóta, J., Trebs, I., Trumbore, S., van Eijck, A., Walter, D., Wang, Z., Weber, B., Williams, J., Winderlich, J., Wittmann, F., Wolff, S., and Yáñez-Serrano, A. M.: The Amazon Tall Tower Observatory (ATTO): overview of pilot measurements on ecosystem ecology, meteorology, trace gases, and aerosols, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 10723–10776, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-10723-2015, 2015.
Barrie, L. A.: Arctic air pollution: an overview of current knowledge, Atmos. Environ., 20, 643–663, 1986.
Bates, K. H. and Jacob, D. J.: A new model mechanism for atmospheric oxidation of isoprene: global effects on oxidants, nitrogen oxides, organic products, and secondary organic aerosol, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 9613–9640, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-9613-2019, 2019.
Benjamin, M. T., Sudol, M., Vorsatz, D., and Winer, A.: A spatially and temporally resolved biogenic hydrocarbon emissions inventory for the californina south coast air basin, Atmos. Environ., 31, 3087–3100, https://doi.org/10.1016/s1352-2310(97)00014-9, 1997.
Brown, S. S., Dubé, W. P., Bahreini, R., Middlebrook, A. M., Brock, C. A., Warneke, C., de Gouw, J. A., Washenfelder, R. A., Atlas, E., Peischl, J., Ryerson, T. B., Holloway, J. S., Schwarz, J. P., Spackman, R., Trainer, M., Parrish, D. D., Fehshenfeld, F. C., and Ravishankara, A. R.: Biogenic VOC oxidation and organic aerosol formation in an urban nocturnal boundary layer: aircraft vertical profiles in Houston, TX, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 11317–11337, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-11317-2013, 2013.
Carlton, A. G., Wiedinmyer, C., and Kroll, J. H.: A review of Secondary Organic Aerosol (SOA) formation from isoprene, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 4987–5005, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-4987-2009, 2009.
Chan, C. Y., Xu, X. D., Li, Y. S., Wong, K. H., Ding, G. A., Chan, L. Y., and Cheng, X. H.: Characteristics of vertical profiles and sources of PM2.5, PM10 and carbonaceous species in Beijing, Atmos. Environ., 39, 5113–5124, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.05.009, 2005.
Claeys, M., Graham, B., Vas, G., Wang, W., Vermeylen, R., Pashynska, V., Cafmeyer, J., Guyon, P., Andreae, M. O., Artaxo, P., and Maenhaut, W.: Formation of secondary organic aerosols through photooxidation of isoprene, Sicence, 303, 1173–1176, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1092805, 2004.
Cui, T., Zeng, Z., Santos, E. O. d., Zhang, Z., Chen, Y., Zhang, Y., Rose, C. A., Budisulistiorini, S. H., Collins, L. B., Bodnar, W. M., Souza, R. A. F. d., Scot T. Martin, E. C. M. D. M., Barbara J. Turpin, A. A. G., Ault, A. P., and Surratt, J. D.: Development of a hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) method for the chemical characterization of water-soluble isoprene epoxydiol (IEPOX)-derived secondary organic aerosol, Environ. Sci.-Proc. Imp., 20, 1524–1536, https://doi.org/10.1039/C8EM00308D, 2018.
Ding, X., Wang, X. M., and Zheng, M.: The influence of temperature and aerosol acidity on biogenic secondary organic aerosol tracers: Observations at a rural site in the central Pearl River Delta region, South China, Atmos. Environ., 45, 1303–1311, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.11.057, 2011.
Ding, X., He, Q. F., Shen, R. Q., Yu, Q. Q., and Wang, X. M.: Spatial distributions of secondary organic aerosols from isoprene, monoterpenes, β-caryophyllene, and aromatics over China during summer, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 119, 1–15, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014jd021748, 2014.
Ding, X., Zhang, Y. Q., He, Q. F., Yu, Q. Q., Shen, R. Q., Zhang, Y. L., Lyu, S. J., Hu, Q. H., Wang, Y. S., Li, L. F., Song, W., and Wang, X. M.: Spatial and seasonal variations of secondary organic aerosol from terpenoids over China, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 121, 14661–14678, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JD025467, 2016.
Ding, X., Zhang, Y. Q., He, Q. F., Yu, Q. Q., Wang, J. Q., Shen, R. Q., Song, W., Wang, Y. S., and Wang, X. M.: Significant increase of aromatics-derived secondary organic aerosol during fall to winter in China, Environ. Sci. Technol., 51, 7432–7441, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b06408, 2017.
Du, W., Zhao, J., Wang, Y., Zhang, Y., Wang, Q., Xu, W., Chen, C., Han, T., Zhang, F., Li, Z., Fu, P., Li, J., Wang, Z., and Sun, Y.: Simultaneous measurements of particle number size distributions at ground level and 260 m on a meteorological tower in urban Beijing, China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 6797–6811, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-6797-2017, 2017.
Du, W., Dada, L., Zhao, J., Chen, X. S., Daellenback, K. R., Xie, C. H., Wang, W. Q., He, Y., Cai, J., Yao, L., Zhang, Y. J., Wang, Q. Q., Xu, W. Q., Wang, Y. Y., Tang, G. Q., Cheng, X. L., Kokkonen, T. V., Zhou, W., Yan, C., Chu, B. W., Zha, Q. Z., Hakala, S., Kurppa, M., Järvi, L., Liu, Y. C., Li, Z. Q., Ge, M. F., Fu, P. Q., Nie, W., Bianchi, F., Petäjä, T., Paasonen, P., Wang, Z. F., Worsnop, D. R., Kerminen, V.-M., Kulmala, M., and Sun, Y. L.: A 3D study on the amplification of regional haze and particle growth by local emissions, npj Climate and Atmospheric Science, 4, 4, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-020-00156-5, 2021.
Duhl, T. R., Helmig, D., and Guenther, A.: Sesquiterpene emissions from vegetation: a review, Biogeosciences, 5, 761–777, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-5-761-2008, 2008.
Ervens, B., Turpin, B. J., and Weber, R. J.: Secondary organic aerosol formation in cloud droplets and aqueous particles (aqSOA): a review of laboratory, field and model studies, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 11069–11102, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-11069-2011, 2011.
Faiola, C. L., Vanderschelden, G. S., Wen, M., Elloy, F. C., Cobos, D. R., Watts, R. J., Jobson, B. T., and Vanreken, T. M.: SOA formation potential of emissions from soil and leaf litter, Environ. Sci. Technol., 48, 938–946, https://doi.org/10.1021/es4040045, 2014.
Faiola, C. L., Pullinen, I., Buchholz, A., Khalaj, F., Ylisirnio, A., Kari, E., Miettinen, P., Holopainen, J. K., Kivimaenpaa, M., Schobesberger, S., Yli-Juuti, T., and Virtanen, A.: Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation from Healthy and Aphid-Stressed Scots Pine Emissions, ACS Earth Space Chem., 3, 1756–1772, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.9b00118, 2019.
Fan, Y., Liu, C.-Q., Li, L., Ren, L., Ren, H., Zhang, Z., Li, Q., Wang, S., Hu, W., Deng, J., Wu, L., Zhong, S., Zhao, Y., Pavuluri, C. M., Li, X., Pan, X., Sun, Y., Wang, Z., Kawamura, K., Shi, Z., and Fu, P.: Large contributions of biogenic and anthropogenic sources to fine organic aerosols in Tianjin, North China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 117–137, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-117-2020, 2020.
Fu, P. Q., Kawamura, K., Chen, C., and Barrie, L. A.: Isoprene, Monoterpene, and Sesquiterpene Oxidation Products in the High Arctic Aerosols during Late Winter to Early Summer, Environ. Sci. Technol., 43, 4022–4028, https://doi.org/10.1021/es803669a, 2009.
Goldstein, A. H., Koven, C. D., Heald, C. L., and Fung, I. Y.: Biogenic carbon and anthropogenic pollutants combine to form a cooling haze over the southeastern United States, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., 106, 8835–8840, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0904128106, 2009.
Guinot, B., Roger, J. C., Cachier, H., Pucai, W., Jianhui, B., and Tong, Y.: Impact of vertical atmospheric structure on Beijing aerosol distribution, Atmos. Environ., 40, 5167–5180, 2006.
Hallquist, M., Wenger, J. C., Baltensperger, U., Rudich, Y., Simpson, D., Claeys, M., Dommen, J., Donahue, N. M., George, C., Goldstein, A. H., Hamilton, J. F., Herrmann, H., Hoffmann, T., Iinuma, Y., Jang, M., Jenkin, M. E., Jimenez, J. L., Kiendler-Scharr, A., Maenhaut, W., McFiggans, G., Mentel, Th. F., Monod, A., Prévôt, A. S. H., Seinfeld, J. H., Surratt, J. D., Szmigielski, R., and Wildt, J.: The formation, properties and impact of secondary organic aerosol: current and emerging issues, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 5155–5236, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-5155-2009, 2009.
Hodzic, A., Kasibhatla, P. S., Jo, D. S., Cappa, C. D., Jimenez, J. L., Madronich, S., and Park, R. J.: Rethinking the global secondary organic aerosol (SOA) budget: stronger production, faster removal, shorter lifetime, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 7917–7941, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-7917-2016, 2016.
Huang, R. J., Zhang, Y. L., Bozzetti, C., Ho, K. F., Cao, J. J., Han, Y., Daellenbach, K. R., Slowik, J. G., Platt, S. M., Canonaco, F., Zotter, P., Wolf, R., Pieber, S. M., Bruns, E. A., Crippa, M., Ciarelli, G., Piazzalunga, A., Schwikowski, M., Abbaszade, G., Schnelle-Kreis, J., R., Z., An, Z. S., Szidat, S., Baltensperger, U., Haddad, E. I., and Prevot, A. S.: High secondary aerosol contribution to particulate pollution during haze events in China, Nature, 514, 218–222, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13774, 2014.
Huang, X., Ding, A., Wang, Z., Ding, K., Gao, J., Chai, F., and Fu, C.: Amplified transboundary transport of haze by aerosol–boundary layer interaction in China, Nat. Geosci., 13, 428–434, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-020-0583-4, 2020a.
Huang, X., Huang, J. T., Ren, C. H., Wang, J. P., Wang, H. Y., Wang, J. D., Yu, H., Chen, J., Gao, J., and Ding, A. J.: Chemical Boundary Layer and Its Impact on Air Pollution in Northern China, Environ. Sci. Tech. Let., 7, 826–832, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.0c00755, 2020b.
IPCC: Climate change 2014: synthesis report, IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland,
2014.
Jaoui, M., Lewandowski, M., Kleindienst, T. E., Offenberg, J. H., and Edney, E. O.: β-caryophyllinic acid: An atmospheric tracer for β-caryophyllene secondary organic aerosol, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L05816, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006gl028827, 2007.
Kanakidou, M., Seinfeld, J. H., Pandis, S. N., Barnes, I., Dentener, F. J., Facchini, M. C., Van Dingenen, R., Ervens, B., Nenes, A., Nielsen, C. J., Swietlicki, E., Putaud, J. P., Balkanski, Y., Fuzzi, S., Horth, J., Moortgat, G. K., Winterhalter, R., Myhre, C. E. L., Tsigaridis, K., Vignati, E., Stephanou, E. G., and Wilson, J.: Organic aerosol and global climate modelling: a review, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 1053–1123, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-1053-2005, 2005.
Kleindienst, T. E., Jaoui, M., Lewandowski, M., Offenberg, J. H., Lewis, C. W., Bhave, P. V., and Edney, E. O.: Estimates of the contributions of biogenic and anthropogenic hydrocarbons to secondary organic aerosol at a southeastern US location, Atmos. Environ., 41, 8288–8300, 2007.
Kleindienst, T. E., Lewandowski, M., Offenberg, J. H., Jaoui, M., and Edney,
E. O.: The formation of secondary organic aerosol from the isoprene + OH
reaction in the absence of NOx, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 6541–6558,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-6541-2009, 2009.
Kleindienst, T. E., Jaoui, M., Lewandowski, M., Offenberg, J. H., and Docherty, K. S.: The formation of SOA and chemical tracer compounds from the photooxidation of naphthalene and its methyl analogs in the presence and absence of nitrogen oxides, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 8711–8726, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-8711-2012, 2012.
Li, L. J., Ren, L. J., Ren, H., Yue, S. Y., Xie, Q. R., Zhao, W. Y., Kang, M. J., Li, J., Wang, Z. F., Sun, Y. L., and Fu, P. Q.: Molecular Characterization and Seasonal Variation in Primary and Secondary Organic Aerosols in Beijing, China, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 123, 12394–12412, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018jd028527, 2018.
Mkoma, S. L., Kawamura, K., and Fu, P. Q.: Contributions of biomass/biofuel burning to organic aerosols and particulate matter in Tanzania, East Africa, based on analyses of ionic species, organic and elemental carbon, levoglucosan and mannosan, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 10325–10338, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-10325-2013, 2013.
Nault, B. A., Jo, D. S., McDonald, B. C., Campuzano-Jost, P., Day, D. A., Hu, W., Schroder, J. C., Allan, J., Blake, D. R., Canagaratna, M. R., Coe, H., Coggon, M. M., DeCarlo, P. F., Diskin, G. S., Dunmore, R., Flocke, F., Fried, A., Gilman, J. B., Gkatzelis, G., Hamilton, J. F., Hanisco, T. F., Hayes, P. L., Henze, D. K., Hodzic, A., Hopkins, J., Hu, M., Huey, L. G., Jobson, B. T., Kuster, W. C., Lewis, A., Li, M., Liao, J., Nawaz, M. O., Pollack, I. B., Peischl, J., Rappenglück, B., Reeves, C. E., Richter, D., Roberts, J. M., Ryerson, T. B., Shao, M., Sommers, J. M., Walega, J., Warneke, C., Weibring, P., Wolfe, G. M., Young, D. E., Yuan, B., Zhang, Q., de Gouw, J. A., and Jimenez, J. L.: Secondary organic aerosols from anthropogenic volatile organic compounds contribute substantially to air pollution mortality, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 11201–11224, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11201-2021, 2021.
Nguyen, T. B., Bates, K. H., Crounse, J. D., Schwantes, R. H., Zhang, X., Kjaergaard, H. G., Surratt, J. D., Lin, P., Laskin, A., Seinfeld, J. H., and Wennberg, P. O.: Mechanism of the hydroxyl radical oxidation of methacryloyl peroxynitrate (MPAN) and its pathway toward secondary organic aerosol formation in the atmosphere, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 17, 17914–17926, https://doi.org/10.1039/c5cp02001h, 2015.
Pöschl, U.: Atmospheric aerosols: composition, transformation, climate and health effects, Angew. Chem. Int. Edit, 44, 7520–7540, https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.200501122, 2005.
Ran, Y. H., Li, X., Lu, L., and Li, Z. Y.: Large-scale land cover mapping with the integration of multi-source information based on the Dempster–Shafer theory, Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Sci., 26, 169–191, https://doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2011.577745, 2012.
Russell, A. G. and Brunekreef, B.: A focus on particulate matter and health, Environ. Sci. Technol., 43, 4620–4625, https://doi.org/10.1021/es9005459, 2009.
Sharkey, T. D., Wiberley, A. E., and Donohue, A. R.: Isoprene emission from plants: why and how, Ann. Bot., 101, 5–18, https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcm240, 2008.
Shilling, J. E., Zaveri, R. A., Fast, J. D., Kleinman, L.,
Alexander, M. L., Canagaratna, M. R., Fortner, E., Hubbe, J. M., Jayne, J. T.,
Sedlacek, A., Setyan, A., Springston, S., Worsnop, D. R., and Zhang, Q.:
Enhanced SOA formation from mixed anthropogenic and biogenic emissions during
the CARES campaign, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 2091–2113,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-2091-2013, 2013.
Shrivastava, M., Cappa, C. D., Fan, J., Goldstein, A. H., Guenther, A. B., Jimenez, J. L., Kuang, C., Laskin, 821, A., M., S. T., Ng, N. L., Petaja, T., Pierce, J. R., Rasch, P. J., Roldin, P., Seinfeld, J. H., Shilling, J., 822, Smith, J. N., Thornton, J. A., Volkamer, R., Wang, J., Worsnop, D. R., Zaveri, R. A., Zelenyuk, A. and 823, and Zhang, Q.: Recent advances in understanding secondary organic aerosol: Implications for global climate 824 forcing, Rev. Geophys., 55, 509–559, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016RG000540, 2017.
Shrivastava, M., Andreae, M. O., Artaxo, P., Barbosa, H. M. J., Berg, L. K., Brito, J., Ching, J., Easter, R. C., Fan, J., Fast, J. D., Feng, Z., Fuentes, J. D., Glasius, M., Goldstein, A. H., Alves, E. G., Gomes, H., Gu, D., Guenther, A., Jathar, S. H., Kim, S., Liu, Y., Lou, S., Martin, S. T., McNeill, V. F., Medeiros, A., de Sa, S. S., Shilling, J. E., Springston, S. R., Souza, R. A. F., Thornton, J. A., Isaacman-VanWertz, G., Yee, L. D., Ynoue, R., Zaveri, R. A., Zelenyuk, A., and Zhao, C.: Urban pollution greatly enhances formation of natural aerosols over the Amazon rainforest, Nat. Commun., 10, 1046, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-08909-4, 2019.
Simoneit, B. R. T., Sheng, G. Y., Chen, X. J., Fu, J. M., Zhang, J., and Xu, Y. P.: Melocular marks study of extractable matter in aerosols from areas of China, Atmos. Environ., 25A, 2111–2129, 0.1016/0960-1686(91)90088-O, 1991.
Su, H., Cheng, Y. F., and Poschl, U.: New Multiphase Chemical Processes Influencing Atmospheric Aerosols, Air Quality, and Climate in the Anthropocene, Accounts Chem. Res., 53, 2034–2043, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00246, 2020.
Sun, Y., Du, W., Wang, Q., Zhang, Q., Chen, C., Chen, Y., Chen, Z., Fu, P., Wang, Z., Gao, Z., and Worsnop, D. R.: Real-time characterization of aerosol particle composition above the urban canopy in Beijing: insights into the interactions between the atmospheric boundary layer and aerosol chemistry, Environ. Sci. Technol., 49, 11340–11347, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b02373, 2015.
Sun, Y. L., Chen, C., Zhang, Y. J., Xu, W. Q., Zhou, L. B., Cheng, X. L., Zheng, H. T., Ji, D. S., Li, J., Tang, X., Fu, P. Q., and Wang, Z. F.: Rapid formation and evolution of an extreme haze episode in Northern China during winter 2015, Sci. Rep.-UK, 6, 27151, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep27151, 2016.
Surratt, J. D., Lewandowski, M., Jaoui, M., Kleindienst, T. E., Edney, E. O., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Effect of acidity on secondary organic aerosol formation from isoprene, Environ. Sci. Technol., 41, 5363–5369, https://doi.org/10.1021/es0704176, 2007.
Surratt, J. D., Chan, A. W., Eddingsaas, N. C., Chan, M., Loza, C. L., Kwan, A. J., Hersey, S. P., Flagan, R. C., Wennberg, P. O., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Reactive intermediates revealed in secondary organic aerosol formation from isoprene, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., 107, 6640–6645, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0911114107, 2010.
Szmigielski, R., Surratt, J. D., Gómez-González, Y., Van der Veken, P., Kourtchev, I., Vermeylen, R., Blockhuys, F., Jaoui, M., Kleindienst, T. E., Lewandowski, M., Offenberg, J. H., Edney, E. O., Seinfeld, J. H., Maenhaut, W., and Claeys, M.: 3-methyl-1,2,3-butanetricarboxylic acid: An atmospheric tracer for terpene secondary organic aerosol, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L24811, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007gl031338, 2007.
Tarvainen, V., Hakola, H., Hellén, H., Bäck, J., Hari, P., and Kulmala, M.: Temperature and light dependence of the VOC emissions of Scots pine, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 989–998, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-989-2005, 2005.
Tian, P., Liu, D., Huang, M., Liu, Q., Zhao, D., Ran, L., Deng, Z., Wu, Y., Fu, S., Bi, K., Gao, Q., He, H., Xue, H., and Ding, D.: The evolution of an aerosol event observed from aircraft in Beijing: An insight into regional pollution transport, Atmos. Environ., 206, 11–20, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.02.005, 2019.
Volkamer, R., Jimenez, J. L., San Martini, F., Dzepina, K., Zhang, Q., Salcedo, D., Molina, L. T., Worsnop, D. R., and Molina, M. J.: Secondary organic aerosol formation from anthropogenic air pollution: Rapid and higher than expected, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L17811, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006gl026899, 2006.
Wang, G., Kawamura, K., Lee, S., Ho, K., and Cao, J.: Molecular, Seasonal, and Spatial Distributions of Organic Aerosols from Fourteen Chinese Cities, Environ. Sci. Technol., 40, 4619–4625, 2006.
Wang, H., Lu, K., Chen, X., Zhu, Q., Wu, Z., Wu, Y., and Sun, K.: Fast particulate nitrate formation via N2O5 uptake aloft in winter in Beijing, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 10483–10495, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-10483-2018, 2018.
Wang, Q., Sun, Y., Xu, W., Du, W., Zhou, L., Tang, G., Chen, C., Cheng, X., Zhao, X., Ji, D., Han, T., Wang, Z., Li, J., and Wang, Z.: Vertically resolved characteristics of air pollution during two severe winter haze episodes in urban Beijing, China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 2495–2509, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-2495-2018, 2018.
Wang, S., Song, T., Shiraiwa, M., Song, J., Ren, H., Ren, L., Wei, L., Sun, Y., Zhang, Y., Fu, P., and Lai, S.: Occurrence of aerosol proteinaceous matter in urban Beijing: an investigation on composition, sources, and atmospheric processes during the “APEC Blue” period, Environ. Sci. Technol., 53, 7380–7390, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b00726, 2019.
Wang, W., Kourtchev, I., Graham, B., Cafmeyer, J., Maenhaut, W., and Claeys, M.: Characterization of oxygenated derivatives of isoprene related to 2-methyltetrols in Amazonian aerosols using trimethylsilylation and gas chromatography/ion trap mass spectrometry, Rapid Comun. Mass Sp., 19, 1343–1351, https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1940, 2005.
Wang, W., Wu, M. H., Li, L., Zhang, T., Liu, X. D., Feng, J. L., Li, H. J., Wang, Y. J., Sheng, G. Y., Claeys, M., and Fu, J. M.: Polar organic tracers in PM2.5 aerosols from forests in eastern China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 7507–7518, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-7507-2008, 2008.
Wang, Z. H., Bai, Y. H., and Zhang, S. Y.: A biogenic volatile organic compounds emission inventory for Beijing, Atmos. Environ., 37, 3771–3782, https://doi.org/10.1016/s1352-2310(03)00462-x, 2003.
Wei, L. F., Yue, S. Y., Zhao, W. Y., Yang, W. Y., Zhang, Y. J., Ren, L. J., Han, X. K., Guo, Q. J., Sun, Y. L., Wang, Z. F., and Fu, P. Q.: Stable sulfur isotope ratios and chemical compositions of fine aerosols (PM2.5) in Beijing, China, Sci. Total. Environ., 633, 1156–1164, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.153, 2018.
Wennberg, P. O., Bates, K. H., Crounse, J. D., Dodson, L. G., McVay, R. C., Mertens, L. A., Nguyen, T. B., Praske, E., Schwantes, R. H., Smarte, M. D., St Clair, J. M., Teng, A. P., Zhang, X., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Gas-Phase Reactions of Isoprene and Its Major Oxidation Products, Chem. Rev., 118, 3337–3390, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00439, 2018.
Went, F. W.: Blue hazes in the atmosphere, Nature, 187, 641–643, 1960.
White, W. H. and Roberts, G. C.: On the nature and origins of visibility-reducing aerosols in the Los Angeles air basin, Atmos. Environ., 11, 803–812, 1976.
Wu, L., Ren, H., Wang, P., Chen, J., Fang, Y., Hu, W., Ren, L., Deng, J., Song, Y., Li, J., Sun, Y., Wang, Z., Liu, C.-Q., Ying, Q., and Fu, P.: Aerosol ammonium in the urban boundary layer in Beijing: insights from nitrogen isotope ratios and simulations in summer 2015, Environ. Sci. Tech. Let., 6, 389–395, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.9b00328, 2019.
Xie, Q. R., Li, Y., Yue, S. Y., Su, S. H., Cao, D., Xu, Y. S., Chen, J., Tong, H. J., Su, H., Cheng, Y. F., Zhao, W. Y., Hu, W., Wang, Z., Yang, T., Pan, X. L., Sun, Y. L., Wang, Z. F., Liu, C. Q., Kawamura, K., Jiang, G. B., Shiraiwa, M., and Fu, P. Q.: Increase of High Molecular Weight Organosulfate With Intensifying Urban Air Pollution in the Megacity Beijing, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 125, e2019JD032200, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019jd032200, 2020.
Yan, Y., Wang, Z. H., Bai, Y. H., Xie, S. D., and Shao, M.: Establishment of vegetation VOC emission inventory in China, China Environmental Science, 25, 110–114, 2005.
Yáñez-Serrano, A. M., Nölscher, A. C., Bourtsoukidis, E., Gomes Alves, E., Ganzeveld, L., Bonn, B., Wolff, S., Sa, M., Yamasoe, M., Williams, J., Andreae, M. O., and Kesselmeier, J.: Monoterpene chemical speciation in a tropical rainforest:variation with season, height, and time of dayat the Amazon Tall Tower Observatory (ATTO), Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 3403–3418, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-3403-2018, 2018.
Yee, L. D., Isaacman-VanWertz, G., Wernis, R. A., Kreisberg, N. M., Glasius, M., Riva, M., Surratt, J. D., de Sa, S. S., Martin, S. T., Alexander, M. L., Palm, B. B., Hu, W., Campuzano-Jost, P., Day, D. A., Jimenez, J. L., Liu, Y., Misztal, P. K., Artaxo, P., Viegas, J., Manzi, A., de Souza, R. A. F., Edgerton, E. S., Baumann, K., and Goldstein, A. H.: Natural and Anthropogenically Influenced Isoprene Oxidation in Southeastern United States and Central Amazon, Environ. Sci. Technol., 54, 5980–5991, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c00805, 2020.
Zelenyuk, A., Imre, D. G., Wilson, J., Bell, D. M., Suski, K. J., Shrivastava, M., Beranek, J., Alexander, M. L., Kramer, A. L., and Massey Simonich, S. L.: The effect of gas-phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on the formation and properties of biogenic secondary organic aerosol particles, Faraday Discuss., 200, 143–164, https://doi.org/10.1039/c7fd00032d, 2017.
Zhang, Y., Huang, J. P., Henze, D. K., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Role of isoprene in secondary organic aerosol formation on a regional scale, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D20207, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007jd008675, 2007.
Zhao, J., Du, W., Zhang, Y., Wang, Q., Chen, C., Xu, W., Han, T., Wang, Y., Fu, P., Wang, Z., Li, Z., and Sun, Y.: Insights into aerosol chemistry during the 2015 China Victory Day parade: results from simultaneous measurements at ground level and 260 m in Beijing, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 3215–3232, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-3215-2017, 2017.
Zhao, W., Ren, H., Kawamura, K., Du, H., Chen, X., Yue, S., Xie, Q., Wei, L., Li, P., Zeng, X., Kong, S., Sun, Y., Wang, Z., and Fu, P.: Vertical distribution of particle-phase dicarboxylic acids, oxoacids and α-dicarbonyls in the urban boundary layer based on the 325 m tower in Beijing, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 10331–10350, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-10331-2020, 2020.
Zheng, G. J., Duan, F. K., Su, H., Ma, Y. L., Cheng, Y., Zheng, B., Zhang, Q., Huang, T., Kimoto, T., Chang, D., Pöschl, U., Cheng, Y. F., and He, K. B.: Exploring the severe winter haze in Beijing: the impact of synoptic weather, regional transport and heterogeneous reactions, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 2969–2983, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-2969-2015, 2015.
Zhu, C. M., Kawamura, K., and Fu, P. Q.: Seasonal variations of biogenic secondary organic aerosol tracers in Cape Hedo, Okinawa, Atmos. Environ., 130, 113–119, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.08.069, 2016.
Short summary
This study presents vertical profiles of biogenic and anthropogenic secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) in the urban boundary layer based on a 325 m tower in Beijing in late summer. The increases in the isoprene and toluene SOAs with height were found to be more related to regional transport, whereas the decrease in those from monoterpenes and sesquiterpene were more subject to local emissions. Such complicated vertical distributions of SOA should be considered in future modeling work.
This study presents vertical profiles of biogenic and anthropogenic secondary organic aerosols...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint