Articles | Volume 19, issue 19
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-12295-2019
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-12295-2019
Research article
 | 
02 Oct 2019
Research article |  | 02 Oct 2019

Relative humidity and O3 concentration as two prerequisites for sulfate formation

Yanhua Fang, Chunxiang Ye, Junxia Wang, Yusheng Wu, Min Hu, Weili Lin, Fanfan Xu, and Tong Zhu

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Cited articles

Alexander, B., Park, R. J., Jacob, D. J., Li, Q. B., Yantosca, R. M., Savarino, J., Lee, C. C. W., and Thiemens, M. H.: Sulfate formation in sea-salt aerosols: Constraints from oxygen isotopes, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D10307, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JD005659, 2005. 
Barth, M. C., Rasch, P. J., Kiehl, J. T., Benkovitz, C. M., and Schwartz, S. E.: Sulfur chemistry in the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate Model: Description, evaluation, features, and sensitivity to aqueous chemistry, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 105, 1387–1415, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999jd900773, 2000. 
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Brothers, L. A., Dominguez, G., Abramian, A., Corbin, A., Bluen, B., and Thiemens, M. H.: Optimized low-level liquid scintillation spectroscopy of S-35 for atmospheric and biogeochemical chemistry applications, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 107, 5311–5316, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0901168107, 2010. 
Cheng, Y. F., Zheng, G. J., Wei, C., Mu, Q., Zheng, B., Wang, Z. B., Gao, M., Zhang, Q., He, K. B., Carmichael, G., Poschl, U., and Su, H.: Reactive nitrogen chemistry in aerosol water as a source of sulfate during haze events in China, Sci. Adv., 2, e1601530, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1601530, 2016. 
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Short summary
Year-long observations of PM2.5, gaseous pollutants, and meteorological parameters in Beijing were analysed to investigate sulfate formation. RH and O3 concentrations above thresholds of 45 % and 35 ppb, respectively, greatly accelerated sulfate formation. Ambient changes in RH and O3 contributed to variations in sulfate formation among different seasons and pollution levels. A shift from gas-phase to multiphase SO2 oxidation contributed to fast sulfate formation under polluted conditions.
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