Articles | Volume 24, issue 6
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3445-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3445-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
20 Mar 2024
Research article |
| 20 Mar 2024
| 20 Mar 2024
Desorption lifetimes and activation energies influencing gas–surface interactions and multiphase chemical kinetics
Daniel A. Knopf
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
Markus Ammann
Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
Thomas Berkemeier
Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
Ulrich Pöschl
Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
Related authors
Yijia Sun, Ann M. Fridlind, Israel Silber, Nicole Riemer, and Daniel A. Knopf
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3620, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3620, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Geoscientific Model Development (GMD).
Short summary
Short summary
The role of Arctic clouds in the regional climate remains uncertain due to insufficient understanding of the amount of liquid droplets and ice crystals present in these clouds. An aerosol-cloud model is employed to examine the role of different aerosol types and freezing parameterizations on the number of ice crystals. The choice of freezing parameterization significantly changes the number of ice crystals impacting the interpretation of the evolution and warming effect of Arctic clouds.
Wenhan Tang, Sylwester Arabas, Jeffrey H. Curtis, Daniel A. Knopf, Matthew West, and Nicole Riemer
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-4326, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-4326, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
We studied how aerosol particles help form ice in clouds. Using new theory and detailed computer simulations, we found that the way different materials are mixed within these particles has a strong impact on how much ice forms. When ice-forming material is spread across all particles, more droplets freeze than when it is only in a few. This result means that to better predict clouds and climate, models need to account for how particle materials are mixed.
Albert Ansmann, Cristofer Jimenez, Johanna Roschke, Johannes Bühl, Kevin Ohneiser, Ronny Engelmann, Martin Radenz, Hannes Griesche, Julian Hofer, Dietrich Althausen, Daniel A. Knopf, Sandro Dahlke, Tom Gaudek, Patric Seifert, and Ulla Wandinger
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 4847–4866, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-4847-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-4847-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we focus on the potential impact of wildfire smoke on cirrus formation. For the first time, state-of-the-art aerosol and cirrus observations with lidar and radar, presented in this paper (Part 1 of a series of two articles), are closely linked to the comprehensive modeling of gravity-wave-induced ice nucleation in cirrus evolution processes, presented in a companion paper (Part 2). We found a clear impact of wildfire smoke on cirrus evolution.
Albert Ansmann, Cristofer Jimenez, Daniel A. Knopf, Johanna Roschke, Johannes Bühl, Kevin Ohneiser, and Ronny Engelmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 4867–4884, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-4867-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-4867-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we focus on the potential impact of wildfire smoke on cirrus formation. Aerosol and cirrus observations with lidar and radar during the MOSAiC (Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate) expedition, presented in the companion paper (Ansmann et al., 2025), are closely linked to comprehensive modeling of ice nucleation in cirrus evolution processes, presented in this article. A clear impact of wildfire smoke on cirrus formation was found.
Cristofer Jimenez, Albert Ansmann, Kevin Ohneiser, Hannes Griesche, Ronny Engelmann, Martin Radenz, Julian Hofer, Dietrich Althausen, Daniel Alexander Knopf, Sandro Dahlke, Johannes Bühl, Holger Baars, Patric Seifert, and Ulla Wandinger
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-967, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-967, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Using advanced remote sensing on the icebreaker Polarstern, we studied mixed-phase clouds (MPCs) in the central Arctic during the 2019–2020 MOSAiC (Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate) campaign. For the first time, lidar and radar techniques tracked the year-round evolution of liquid and ice phases in MPCs. The study provides cloud statistics and explores key processes driving cloud longevity, offering new insights into Arctic cloud formation and persistence.
Rodanthi-Elisavet Mamouri, Albert Ansmann, Kevin Ohneiser, Daniel A. Knopf, Argyro Nisantzi, Johannes Bühl, Ronny Engelmann, Annett Skupin, Patric Seifert, Holger Baars, Dragos Ene, Ulla Wandinger, and Diofantos Hadjimitsis
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14097–14114, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14097-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14097-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
For the first time, rather clear evidence is found that wildfire smoke particles can trigger strong cirrus formation. This finding is of importance because intensive and large wildfires may occur increasingly often in the future as climate change proceeds. Based on lidar observations in Cyprus in autumn 2020, we provide detailed insight into the cirrus formation at the tropopause in the presence of aged wildfire smoke (here, 8–9 day old Californian wildfire smoke).
Albert Ansmann, Kevin Ohneiser, Ronny Engelmann, Martin Radenz, Hannes Griesche, Julian Hofer, Dietrich Althausen, Jessie M. Creamean, Matthew C. Boyer, Daniel A. Knopf, Sandro Dahlke, Marion Maturilli, Henriette Gebauer, Johannes Bühl, Cristofer Jimenez, Patric Seifert, and Ulla Wandinger
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 12821–12849, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12821-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12821-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The 1-year MOSAiC (2019–2020) expedition with the German ice breaker Polarstern was the largest polar field campaign ever conducted. The Polarstern, with our lidar aboard, drifted with the pack ice north of 85° N for more than 7 months (October 2019 to mid-May 2020). We measured the full annual cycle of aerosol conditions in terms of aerosol optical and cloud-process-relevant properties. We observed a strong contrast between polluted winter and clean summer aerosol conditions.
Daniel A. Knopf, Peiwen Wang, Benny Wong, Jay M. Tomlin, Daniel P. Veghte, Nurun N. Lata, Swarup China, Alexander Laskin, Ryan C. Moffet, Josephine Y. Aller, Matthew A. Marcus, and Jian Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8659–8681, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8659-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8659-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Ambient particle populations and associated ice-nucleating particles (INPs)
were examined from particle samples collected on board aircraft in the marine
boundary layer and free troposphere in the eastern North Atlantic during
summer and winter. Chemical imaging shows distinct differences in the
particle populations seasonally and with sampling altitudes, which are
reflected in the INP types. Freezing parameterizations are derived for
implementation in cloud-resolving and climate models.
Albert Ansmann, Kevin Ohneiser, Alexandra Chudnovsky, Daniel A. Knopf, Edwin W. Eloranta, Diego Villanueva, Patric Seifert, Martin Radenz, Boris Barja, Félix Zamorano, Cristofer Jimenez, Ronny Engelmann, Holger Baars, Hannes Griesche, Julian Hofer, Dietrich Althausen, and Ulla Wandinger
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 11701–11726, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11701-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11701-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
For the first time we present a systematic study on the impact of wildfire smoke on ozone depletion in the Arctic (2020) and Antarctic stratosphere (2020, 2021). Two major fire events in Siberia and Australia were responsible for the observed record-breaking stratospheric smoke pollution. Our analyses were based on lidar observations of smoke parameters (Polarstern, Punta Arenas) and NDACC Arctic and Antarctic ozone profiles as well as on Antarctic OMI satellite observations of column ozone.
Kevin Ohneiser, Albert Ansmann, Bernd Kaifler, Alexandra Chudnovsky, Boris Barja, Daniel A. Knopf, Natalie Kaifler, Holger Baars, Patric Seifert, Diego Villanueva, Cristofer Jimenez, Martin Radenz, Ronny Engelmann, Igor Veselovskii, and Félix Zamorano
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 7417–7442, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7417-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7417-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We present and discuss 2 years of long-term lidar observations of the largest stratospheric perturbation by wildfire smoke ever observed. The smoke originated from the record-breaking Australian fires in 2019–2020 and affects climate conditions and even the ozone layer in the Southern Hemisphere. The obvious link between dense smoke occurrence in the stratosphere and strong ozone depletion found in the Arctic and in the Antarctic in 2020 can be regarded as a new aspect of climate change.
Daniel A. Knopf, Joseph C. Charnawskas, Peiwen Wang, Benny Wong, Jay M. Tomlin, Kevin A. Jankowski, Matthew Fraund, Daniel P. Veghte, Swarup China, Alexander Laskin, Ryan C. Moffet, Mary K. Gilles, Josephine Y. Aller, Matthew A. Marcus, Shira Raveh-Rubin, and Jian Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 5377–5398, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5377-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5377-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Marine boundary layer aerosols collected in the remote region of the eastern North Atlantic induce immersion freezing and deposition ice nucleation under typical mixed-phase and cirrus cloud conditions. Corresponding ice nucleation parameterizations for model applications have been derived. Chemical imaging of ambient aerosol and ice-nucleating particles demonstrates that the latter is dominated by sea salt and organics while also representing a major particle type in the particle population.
Jay M. Tomlin, Kevin A. Jankowski, Daniel P. Veghte, Swarup China, Peiwen Wang, Matthew Fraund, Johannes Weis, Guangjie Zheng, Yang Wang, Felipe Rivera-Adorno, Shira Raveh-Rubin, Daniel A. Knopf, Jian Wang, Mary K. Gilles, Ryan C. Moffet, and Alexander Laskin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 18123–18146, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-18123-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-18123-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Analysis of individual atmospheric particles shows that aerosol transported from North America during meteorological dry intrusion episodes may have a substantial impact on the mixing state and particle-type population over the mid-Atlantic, as organic contribution and particle-type diversity are significantly enhanced during these periods. These observations need to be considered in current atmospheric models.
Daniel A. Knopf and Markus Ammann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 15725–15753, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15725-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15725-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Adsorption on and desorption of gas molecules from solid or liquid surfaces or interfaces represent the initial interaction of gas-to-condensed-phase processes that can define the physicochemical evolution of the condensed phase. We apply a thermodynamic and microscopic treatment of these multiphase processes to evaluate how adsorption and desorption rates and surface accommodation depend on the choice of adsorption model and standard states with implications for desorption energy and lifetimes.
Yang Wang, Guangjie Zheng, Michael P. Jensen, Daniel A. Knopf, Alexander Laskin, Alyssa A. Matthews, David Mechem, Fan Mei, Ryan Moffet, Arthur J. Sedlacek, John E. Shilling, Stephen Springston, Amy Sullivan, Jason Tomlinson, Daniel Veghte, Rodney Weber, Robert Wood, Maria A. Zawadowicz, and Jian Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 11079–11098, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11079-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11079-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This paper reports the vertical profiles of trace gas and aerosol properties over the eastern North Atlantic, a region of persistent but diverse subtropical marine boundary layer (MBL) clouds. We examined the key processes that drive the cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) population and how it varies with season and synoptic conditions. This study helps improve the model representation of the aerosol processes in the remote MBL, reducing the simulated aerosol indirect effects.
Albert Ansmann, Kevin Ohneiser, Rodanthi-Elisavet Mamouri, Daniel A. Knopf, Igor Veselovskii, Holger Baars, Ronny Engelmann, Andreas Foth, Cristofer Jimenez, Patric Seifert, and Boris Barja
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 9779–9807, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-9779-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-9779-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We present retrievals of tropospheric and stratospheric height profiles of particle mass, volume, surface area concentration of wildfire smoke layers, and related cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and ice-nucleating particle (INP) concentrations. The new analysis scheme is applied to ground-based lidar observations of stratospheric Australian smoke over southern South America and to spaceborne lidar observations of tropospheric North American smoke.
Alexander Zaytsev, Martin Breitenlechner, Anna Novelli, Hendrik Fuchs, Daniel A. Knopf, Jesse H. Kroll, and Frank N. Keutsch
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 2501–2513, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-2501-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-2501-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We have developed an online method for speciated measurements of organic peroxy radicals and stabilized Criegee intermediates using chemical derivatization combined with chemical ionization mass spectrometry. Chemical derivatization prevents secondary radical reactions and eliminates potential interferences. Comparison between our measurements and results from numeric modeling shows that the method can be used for the quantification of a wide range of atmospheric radicals and intermediates.
Israel Silber, Ann M. Fridlind, Johannes Verlinde, Andrew S. Ackerman, Grégory V. Cesana, and Daniel A. Knopf
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 3949–3971, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3949-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3949-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Long-term ground-based radar and sounding measurements over Alaska (Antarctica) indicate that more than 85 % (75 %) of supercooled clouds are precipitating at cloud base and that 75 % (50 %) are precipitating to the surface. Such high prevalence is reconciled with lesser spaceborne estimates by considering radar sensitivity. Results provide a strong observational constraint for polar cloud processes in large-scale models.
Yijia Sun, Ann M. Fridlind, Israel Silber, Nicole Riemer, and Daniel A. Knopf
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3620, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3620, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Geoscientific Model Development (GMD).
Short summary
Short summary
The role of Arctic clouds in the regional climate remains uncertain due to insufficient understanding of the amount of liquid droplets and ice crystals present in these clouds. An aerosol-cloud model is employed to examine the role of different aerosol types and freezing parameterizations on the number of ice crystals. The choice of freezing parameterization significantly changes the number of ice crystals impacting the interpretation of the evolution and warming effect of Arctic clouds.
Bruno B. Meller, Marco A. Franco, Rafael Valiati, Christopher Pöhlker, Luiz A. T. Machado, Florian Ditas, Leslie A. Kremper, Subha S. Raj, Cleo Q. Dias-Júnior, Flávio A. F. D'Oliveira, Luciana V. Rizzo, Ulrich Pöschl, and Paulo Artaxo
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-4581, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-4581, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosols are tiny particles that help clouds form and influence the climate. In the Amazon, clear events of new particle formation are rare, making it difficult to explain the origin of these particles. Using ten years of measurements, we discovered a subtle but frequent process called Quiet New Particle Formation. This hidden mechanism slowly produces and grows small particles and is responsible for nearly half of the smallest aerosols observed during the wet season.
Wenhan Tang, Sylwester Arabas, Jeffrey H. Curtis, Daniel A. Knopf, Matthew West, and Nicole Riemer
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-4326, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-4326, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
We studied how aerosol particles help form ice in clouds. Using new theory and detailed computer simulations, we found that the way different materials are mixed within these particles has a strong impact on how much ice forms. When ice-forming material is spread across all particles, more droplets freeze than when it is only in a few. This result means that to better predict clouds and climate, models need to account for how particle materials are mixed.
Laura M. D. Heinlein, Junwei He, Michael Oluwatoyin Sunday, Fangzhou Guo, James Campbell, Allison Moon, Sukriti Kapur, Ting Fang, Kasey Edwards, Meeta Cesler-Maloney, Alyssa J. Burns, Jack Dibb, William Simpson, Manabu Shiraiwa, Becky Alexander, Jingqiu Mao, James H. Flynn III, Jochen Stutz, and Cort Anastasio
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 9561–9581, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-9561-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-9561-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
High-latitude cities like Fairbanks, Alaska, experience severe wintertime pollution episodes. While conventional wisdom holds that oxidation is slow under these conditions, field measurements find oxidized products in particles. To explore this, we measured oxidants in aqueous extracts of winter particles from Fairbanks. We find high concentrations of oxidants during illumination experiments, indicating that particle photochemistry can be significant even in high latitudes during winter.
Sara L. Farrell, Quazi Z. Rasool, Havala O. T. Pye, Yue Zhang, Ying Li, Yuzhi Chen, Chi-Tsan Wang, Haofei Zhang, Ryan Schmedding, Manabu Shiraiwa, Jaime Greene, Sri H. Budisulistiorini, Jose L. Jimenez, Weiwei Hu, Jason D. Surratt, and William Vizuete
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2253, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2253, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has become increasingly important to regulate and model. In this study, we parameterize non-ideal aerosol mixing and phase state into the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model and analyze its impact on the formation of a globally important source of PM2.5, isoprene epoxydiol (IEPOX)-derived PM2.5. Incorporating these features furthers model bias in IEPOX-derived PM2.5, however, this work provides potential phase state bounds for future PM2.5 modeling work.
Kevin Kilchhofer, Markus Ammann, Laura Torrent, Rico K. Y. Cheung, and Peter A. Alpert
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 8061–8086, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-8061-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-8061-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol particles composed of metal complexes generate radicals as a result of photochemical reactions. The reactive species generated are hazardous to human health. We report microscopy data with particles composed of an organic proxy exposed to UV light. We found that copper influenced the reoxidation and initial iron reduction via photolysis of the complex. New model results suggest that we need to account for decreased photochemical activity and use a copper-induced reoxidation reaction.
Kevin Kilchhofer, Alexandre Barth, Battist Utinger, Markus Kalberer, and Markus Ammann
Aerosol Research, 3, 337–349, https://doi.org/10.5194/ar-3-337-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/ar-3-337-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We report a substantial buildup of reactive molecules (due to sunlight) in organic particulate matter, causing adverse health effects. Metals, which occur naturally or are emitted by traffic, can complex with organic materials and initiate photochemical processes. At low humidity, organic particles may become highly viscous, which allows for the accumulation of reactive species. We found that copper acts as an reducing species to remove some of these harmful species from particles.
Ruiqi Man, Yishu Zhu, Zhijun Wu, Peter Aaron Alpert, Bingbing Wang, Jing Dou, Jie Chen, Yan Zheng, Yanli Ge, Qi Chen, Shiyi Chen, Xiangrui Kong, Markus Ammann, and Min Hu
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2301, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2301, 2025
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
The particle chemical morphology is important to atmospheric multiphase and heterogeneous chemistry. This work directly observed the core-shell structure and water uptake behavior of individual submicron aerosol particles at an urban site and elucidated the potential impact on particle reactive uptake and heterogeneous reactions.
Christopher N. Rapp, Sining Niu, N. Cazimir Armstrong, Xiaoli Shen, Thomas Berkemeier, Jason D. Surratt, Yue Zhang, and Daniel J. Cziczo
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 5519–5536, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-5519-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-5519-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Atmospheric ice formation is initiated by particulate matter suspended in air and has profound impacts on Earth's climate. This study focuses on examining the effectiveness of ice formation by a subset of particles composed of organic matter and sulfate. We used experiments and computer modeling to obtain the result that these particles are not effective ice-nucleating particles, suggesting that molecular structure is important for ice formation on these types of particles.
Michael Oluwatoyin Sunday, Laura Marie Dahler Heinlein, Junwei He, Allison Moon, Sukriti Kapur, Ting Fang, Kasey C. Edwards, Fangzhou Guo, Jack Dibb, James H. Flynn III, Becky Alexander, Manabu Shiraiwa, and Cort Anastasio
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 5087–5100, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-5087-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-5087-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Hydrogen peroxide (HOOH) is an important oxidant that forms atmospheric sulfate. We demonstrate that the illumination of brown carbon can rapidly form HOOH within particles, even under the low-sunlight conditions of Fairbanks, Alaska, during winter. This in-particle formation of HOOH is fast enough that it forms sulfate at significant rates. In contrast, the formation of HOOH in the gas phase during the campaign is expected to be negligible because of high NOx levels.
Albert Ansmann, Cristofer Jimenez, Johanna Roschke, Johannes Bühl, Kevin Ohneiser, Ronny Engelmann, Martin Radenz, Hannes Griesche, Julian Hofer, Dietrich Althausen, Daniel A. Knopf, Sandro Dahlke, Tom Gaudek, Patric Seifert, and Ulla Wandinger
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 4847–4866, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-4847-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-4847-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we focus on the potential impact of wildfire smoke on cirrus formation. For the first time, state-of-the-art aerosol and cirrus observations with lidar and radar, presented in this paper (Part 1 of a series of two articles), are closely linked to the comprehensive modeling of gravity-wave-induced ice nucleation in cirrus evolution processes, presented in a companion paper (Part 2). We found a clear impact of wildfire smoke on cirrus evolution.
Albert Ansmann, Cristofer Jimenez, Daniel A. Knopf, Johanna Roschke, Johannes Bühl, Kevin Ohneiser, and Ronny Engelmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 4867–4884, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-4867-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-4867-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we focus on the potential impact of wildfire smoke on cirrus formation. Aerosol and cirrus observations with lidar and radar during the MOSAiC (Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate) expedition, presented in the companion paper (Ansmann et al., 2025), are closely linked to comprehensive modeling of ice nucleation in cirrus evolution processes, presented in this article. A clear impact of wildfire smoke on cirrus formation was found.
Rafael Valiati, Bruno Backes Meller, Marco Aurélio Franco, Luciana Varanda Rizzo, Luiz Augusto Toledo Machado, Sebastian Brill, Bruna A. Holanda, Leslie A. Kremper, Subha S. Raj, Samara Carbone, Cléo Quaresma Dias-Júnior, Fernando Gonçalves Morais, Meinrat O. Andreae, Ulrich Pöschl, Christopher Pöhlker, and Paulo Artaxo
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1078, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1078, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study highlights the different aerosol populations that are commonly observed in the central Amazon. Vertical gradients of aerosol optical and chemical properties were evaluated on different atmospheric conditions, and showed distinct characteristics of these particles. Intercontinental transport events bring to the region particles with a contrasting chemical composition, while vertical transport processes influence the aerosol properties by promoting the development of coating and aging.
Matteo Krüger, Tommaso Galeazzo, Ivan Eremets, Bertil Schmidt, Ulrich Pöschl, Manabu Shiraiwa, and Thomas Berkemeier
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1191, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1191, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This work uses machine learning to predict saturation vapor pressures of atmospherically-relevant organic compounds, crucial for partitioning of secondary organic aerosol (SOA). We introduce a new method using graph convolutional neural networks, in which molecular graphs enable the model to capture molecular connectivity better than with non-structural embeddings. The method shows strong agreement with experimentally determined vapor pressures, and outperforms existing estimation methods.
Cristofer Jimenez, Albert Ansmann, Kevin Ohneiser, Hannes Griesche, Ronny Engelmann, Martin Radenz, Julian Hofer, Dietrich Althausen, Daniel Alexander Knopf, Sandro Dahlke, Johannes Bühl, Holger Baars, Patric Seifert, and Ulla Wandinger
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-967, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-967, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Using advanced remote sensing on the icebreaker Polarstern, we studied mixed-phase clouds (MPCs) in the central Arctic during the 2019–2020 MOSAiC (Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate) campaign. For the first time, lidar and radar techniques tracked the year-round evolution of liquid and ice phases in MPCs. The study provides cloud statistics and explores key processes driving cloud longevity, offering new insights into Arctic cloud formation and persistence.
Sebastian Brill, Björn Nillius, Jan-David Förster, Paulo Artaxo, Florian Ditas, Dennis Geis, Christian Gurk, Thomas Kenntner, Thomas Klimach, Mark Lamneck, Rafael Valiati, Bettina Weber, Stefan Wolff, Ulrich Pöschl, and Christopher Pöhlker
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-295, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-295, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Highly resolved vertical profiles are crucial for understanding ecosystem-atmosphere interactions. We developed the robotic lift (RoLi) as a platform for vertical profile measurements at the Amazon Tall Tower Observatory in the central Amazon basin. Initial results reveal distinct spatiotemporal patterns in altitude profiles of temperature, humidity, fog, and aerosol properties, offering new insights into the diurnal dynamics of convective daytime mixing and stable nighttime stratification.
Jianqiang Zhu, Guo Li, Uwe Kuhn, Bruno Backes Meller, Christopher Pöhlker, Paulo Artaxo, Ulrich Pöschl, Yafang Cheng, and Hang Su
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3911, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3911, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The manuscript reports unique measurement data on sub-40 nm particles and ions, especially those smaller than 10 nm in the Amazon from December 2022 to January 2023. A large number of sub-3 nm particles and naturally charged ions were present in the Amazonia boundary layer, and they showed a clear diurnal variation. The research will contribute to a better understanding of atmospheric processes in the pristine environment.
Barbara Ervens, Ken S. Carslaw, Thomas Koop, and Ulrich Pöschl
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-419, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-419, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Over the past two decades, the European Geosciences Union (EGU) has demonstrated the success, viability and benefits of interactive open access (OA) publishing with public peer review in its journals, its publishing platform EGUsphere and virtual compilations. The article summarizes the evolution of the EGU/Copernicus publications and of OA publishing with interactive public peer review at large by placing the EGU/Copernicus publications in the context of current and future global open science.
Denis Leppla, Stefanie Hildmann, Nora Zannoni, Leslie Kremper, Bruna Hollanda, Jonathan Williams, Christopher Pöhlker, Stefan Wolff, Marta Sà, Maria Cristina Solci, Ulrich Pöschl, and Thorsten Hoffmann
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-141, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-141, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The chemical composition of organic particles in the Amazon rainforest was investigated to understand how biogenic and human emissions influence the atmosphere in this unique ecosystem. Seasonal patterns were found where wet seasons were dominated by biogenic compounds from natural sources while dry seasons showed increased fire-related pollutants. These findings reveal how emissions, fires and long-range transport affect atmospheric chemistry, with implications for climate models.
Mega Octaviani, Benjamin A. Musa Bandowe, Qing Mu, Jake Wilson, Holger Tost, Hang Su, Yafang Cheng, Manabu Shiraiwa, Ulrich Pöschl, Thomas Berkemeier, and Gerhard Lammel
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-186, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-186, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
This research explores the atmospheric concentration of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), a harmful air pollutant linked to lung cancer. Using advanced Earth system modeling, the study examines how BaP's degradation varies with temperature and humidity, affecting its global distribution and associated lung cancer risks. The findings reveal that BaP persists longer in colder, less humid regions, leading to higher lung cancer risks in parts of Europe and Asia.
Florian Wieland, Nadine Bothen, Ralph Schwidetzky, Teresa M. Seifried, Paul Bieber, Ulrich Pöschl, Konrad Meister, Mischa Bonn, Janine Fröhlich-Nowoisky, and Hinrich Grothe
Biogeosciences, 22, 103–115, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-103-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-103-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Betula pendula is a widespread birch tree species containing ice nucleation agents that can trigger the freezing of cloud droplets and thereby alter the evolution of clouds. Our study identifies three distinct ice-nucleating macromolecule (INM) aggregates of varying size that can nucleate ice at temperatures up to –5.4°C. Our findings suggest that these vegetation-derived particles may influence atmospheric processes, weather, and climate more strongly than previously thought.
Luiz A. T. Machado, Jürgen Kesselmeier, Santiago Botía, Hella van Asperen, Meinrat O. Andreae, Alessandro C. de Araújo, Paulo Artaxo, Achim Edtbauer, Rosaria R. Ferreira, Marco A. Franco, Hartwig Harder, Sam P. Jones, Cléo Q. Dias-Júnior, Guido G. Haytzmann, Carlos A. Quesada, Shujiro Komiya, Jost Lavric, Jos Lelieveld, Ingeborg Levin, Anke Nölscher, Eva Pfannerstill, Mira L. Pöhlker, Ulrich Pöschl, Akima Ringsdorf, Luciana Rizzo, Ana M. Yáñez-Serrano, Susan Trumbore, Wanda I. D. Valenti, Jordi Vila-Guerau de Arellano, David Walter, Jonathan Williams, Stefan Wolff, and Christopher Pöhlker
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8893–8910, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8893-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8893-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Composite analysis of gas concentration before and after rainfall, during the day and night, gives insight into the complex relationship between trace gas variability and precipitation. The analysis helps us to understand the sources and sinks of trace gases within a forest ecosystem. It elucidates processes that are not discernible under undisturbed conditions and contributes to a deeper understanding of the trace gas life cycle and its intricate interactions with cloud dynamics in the Amazon.
Marco A. Franco, Rafael Valiati, Bruna A. Holanda, Bruno B. Meller, Leslie A. Kremper, Luciana V. Rizzo, Samara Carbone, Fernando G. Morais, Janaína P. Nascimento, Meinrat O. Andreae, Micael A. Cecchini, Luiz A. T. Machado, Milena Ponczek, Ulrich Pöschl, David Walter, Christopher Pöhlker, and Paulo Artaxo
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8751–8770, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8751-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8751-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Amazon wet-season atmosphere was studied at the Amazon Tall Tower Observatory site, revealing vertical variations (between 60 and 325 m) in natural aerosols. Daytime mixing contrasted with nighttime stratification, with distinct rain-induced changes in aerosol populations. Notably, optical property recovery at higher levels was faster, while near-canopy aerosols showed higher scattering efficiency. These findings enhance our understanding of aerosol impacts on climate dynamics.
Tommaso Galeazzo, Bernard Aumont, Marie Camredon, Richard Valorso, Yong B. Lim, Paul J. Ziemann, and Manabu Shiraiwa
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 5549–5565, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5549-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5549-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) derived from n-alkanes is a major component of anthropogenic particulate matter. We provide an analysis of n-alkane SOA by chemistry modeling, machine learning, and laboratory experiments, showing that n-alkane SOA adopts low-viscous semi-solid or liquid states. Our results indicate few kinetic limitations of mass accommodation in SOA formation, supporting the application of equilibrium partitioning for simulating n-alkane SOA in large-scale atmospheric models.
Zhiqiang Zhang, Ying Li, Haiyan Ran, Junling An, Yu Qu, Wei Zhou, Weiqi Xu, Weiwei Hu, Hongbin Xie, Zifa Wang, Yele Sun, and Manabu Shiraiwa
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 4809–4826, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4809-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4809-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) can exist in liquid, semi-solid, or amorphous solid states, which are rarely accounted for in current chemical transport models. We predict the phase state of SOA particles over China and find that in northwestern China SOA particles are mostly highly viscous or glassy solid. Our results indicate that the particle phase state should be considered in SOA formation in chemical transport models for more accurate prediction of SOA mass concentrations.
Gabriela R. Unfer, Luiz A. T. Machado, Paulo Artaxo, Marco A. Franco, Leslie A. Kremper, Mira L. Pöhlker, Ulrich Pöschl, and Christopher Pöhlker
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3869–3882, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3869-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3869-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Amazonian aerosols and their interactions with precipitation were studied by understanding them in a 3D space based on three parameters that characterize the concentration and size distribution of aerosols. The results showed characteristic arrangements regarding seasonal and diurnal cycles, as well as when interacting with precipitation. The use of this 3D space appears to be a promising tool for aerosol population analysis and for model validation and parameterization.
Rolf Müller, Ulrich Pöschl, Thomas Koop, Thomas Peter, and Ken Carslaw
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 15445–15453, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15445-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15445-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Paul J. Crutzen was a pioneer in atmospheric sciences and a kind-hearted, humorous person with empathy for the private lives of his colleagues and students. He made fundamental scientific contributions to a wide range of scientific topics in all parts of the atmosphere. Paul was among the founders of the journal Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. His work will continue to be a guide for generations of scientists and environmental policymakers to come.
Hyun Gu Kang, Yanfang Chen, Yoojin Park, Thomas Berkemeier, and Hwajin Kim
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14307–14323, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14307-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14307-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
D5 is an emerging anthropogenic pollutant that is ubiquitous in indoor and urban environments, and the OH oxidation of D5 forms secondary organosiloxane aerosol (SOSiA). Application of a kinetic box model that uses a volatility basis set (VBS) showed that consideration of oxidative aging (aging-VBS) predicts SOSiA formation much better than using a standard-VBS model. Ageing-dependent parameterization is needed to accurately model SOSiA to assess the implications of siloxanes for air quality.
Rodanthi-Elisavet Mamouri, Albert Ansmann, Kevin Ohneiser, Daniel A. Knopf, Argyro Nisantzi, Johannes Bühl, Ronny Engelmann, Annett Skupin, Patric Seifert, Holger Baars, Dragos Ene, Ulla Wandinger, and Diofantos Hadjimitsis
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14097–14114, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14097-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14097-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
For the first time, rather clear evidence is found that wildfire smoke particles can trigger strong cirrus formation. This finding is of importance because intensive and large wildfires may occur increasingly often in the future as climate change proceeds. Based on lidar observations in Cyprus in autumn 2020, we provide detailed insight into the cirrus formation at the tropopause in the presence of aged wildfire smoke (here, 8–9 day old Californian wildfire smoke).
Albert Ansmann, Kevin Ohneiser, Ronny Engelmann, Martin Radenz, Hannes Griesche, Julian Hofer, Dietrich Althausen, Jessie M. Creamean, Matthew C. Boyer, Daniel A. Knopf, Sandro Dahlke, Marion Maturilli, Henriette Gebauer, Johannes Bühl, Cristofer Jimenez, Patric Seifert, and Ulla Wandinger
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 12821–12849, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12821-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12821-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The 1-year MOSAiC (2019–2020) expedition with the German ice breaker Polarstern was the largest polar field campaign ever conducted. The Polarstern, with our lidar aboard, drifted with the pack ice north of 85° N for more than 7 months (October 2019 to mid-May 2020). We measured the full annual cycle of aerosol conditions in terms of aerosol optical and cloud-process-relevant properties. We observed a strong contrast between polluted winter and clean summer aerosol conditions.
Adam Milsom, Shaojun Qi, Ashmi Mishra, Thomas Berkemeier, Zhenyu Zhang, and Christian Pfrang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 10835–10843, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10835-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10835-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosols and films are found indoors and outdoors. Our study measures and models reactions of a cooking aerosol proxy with the atmospheric oxidant ozone relying on a low-cost but sensitive technique based on mass changes and film rigidity. We found that film morphology changed and film rigidity increased with evidence of surface crust formation during ozone exposure. Our modelling results demonstrate clear potential to take this robust method to the field for reaction monitoring.
Daniel A. Knopf, Peiwen Wang, Benny Wong, Jay M. Tomlin, Daniel P. Veghte, Nurun N. Lata, Swarup China, Alexander Laskin, Ryan C. Moffet, Josephine Y. Aller, Matthew A. Marcus, and Jian Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8659–8681, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8659-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8659-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Ambient particle populations and associated ice-nucleating particles (INPs)
were examined from particle samples collected on board aircraft in the marine
boundary layer and free troposphere in the eastern North Atlantic during
summer and winter. Chemical imaging shows distinct differences in the
particle populations seasonally and with sampling altitudes, which are
reflected in the INP types. Freezing parameterizations are derived for
implementation in cloud-resolving and climate models.
Najin Kim, Hang Su, Nan Ma, Ulrich Pöschl, and Yafang Cheng
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 2771–2780, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-2771-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-2771-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We propose a multiple-charging correction algorithm for a broad-supersaturation scanning cloud condensation nuclei (BS2-CCN) system which can obtain high time-resolution aerosol hygroscopicity and CCN activity. The correction algorithm aims at deriving the activation fraction's true value for each particle size. The meaningful differences between corrected and original κ values (single hygroscopicity parameter) emphasize the correction algorithm's importance for ambient aerosol measurement.
Ting Lei, Hang Su, Nan Ma, Ulrich Pöschl, Alfred Wiedensohler, and Yafang Cheng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 4763–4774, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4763-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4763-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the hygroscopic behavior of levoglucosan and D-glucose nanoparticles using a nano-HTDMA. There is a weak size dependence of the hygroscopic growth factor of levoglucosan and D-glucose with diameters down to 20 nm, while a strong size dependence of the hygroscopic growth factor of D-glucose has been clearly observed in the size range 6 to 20 nm. The use of the DKA method leads to good agreement with the hygroscopic growth factor of glucose nanoparticles with diameters down to 6 nm.
Thomas Berkemeier, Matteo Krüger, Aryeh Feinberg, Marcel Müller, Ulrich Pöschl, and Ulrich K. Krieger
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 2037–2054, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-2037-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-2037-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Kinetic multi-layer models (KMs) successfully describe heterogeneous and multiphase atmospheric chemistry. In applications requiring repeated execution, however, these models can be too expensive. We trained machine learning surrogate models on output of the model KM-SUB and achieved high correlations. The surrogate models run orders of magnitude faster, which suggests potential applicability in global optimization tasks and as sub-modules in large-scale atmospheric models.
Haley M. Royer, Mira L. Pöhlker, Ovid Krüger, Edmund Blades, Peter Sealy, Nurun Nahar Lata, Zezhen Cheng, Swarup China, Andrew P. Ault, Patricia K. Quinn, Paquita Zuidema, Christopher Pöhlker, Ulrich Pöschl, Meinrat Andreae, and Cassandra J. Gaston
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 981–998, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-981-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-981-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents atmospheric particle chemical composition and measurements of aerosol water uptake properties collected at Ragged Point, Barbados, during the winter of 2020. The result of this study indicates the importance of small African smoke particles for cloud droplet formation in the tropical North Atlantic and highlights the large spatial and temporal pervasiveness of smoke over the Atlantic Ocean.
Yunfan Liu, Hang Su, Siwen Wang, Chao Wei, Wei Tao, Mira L. Pöhlker, Christopher Pöhlker, Bruna A. Holanda, Ovid O. Krüger, Thorsten Hoffmann, Manfred Wendisch, Paulo Artaxo, Ulrich Pöschl, Meinrat O. Andreae, and Yafang Cheng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 251–272, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-251-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-251-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The origins of the abundant cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) in the upper troposphere (UT) of the Amazon remain unclear. With model developments of new secondary organic aerosol schemes and constrained by observation, we show that strong aerosol nucleation and condensation in the UT is triggered by biogenic organics, and organic condensation is key for UT CCN production. This UT CCN-producing mechanism may prevail over broader vegetation canopies and deserves emphasis in aerosol–climate feedback.
Meredith Schervish and Manabu Shiraiwa
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 221–233, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-221-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-221-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) can exhibit complex non-ideal behavior and adopt an amorphous semisolid state. We simulate condensation of semi-volatile compounds into a phase-separated particle to investigate the effect of non-ideality and particle phase state on the equilibration timescale of SOA partitioning. Our results provide useful insights into the interpretation of experimental observations and the description and treatment of SOA in aerosol models.
Guo Li, Hang Su, Meng Li, Uwe Kuhn, Guangjie Zheng, Lei Han, Fengxia Bao, Ulrich Pöschl, and Yafang Cheng
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 6433–6446, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-6433-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-6433-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A large fraction of previous work using dynamic flow chambers was to quantify gas exchange in terms of flux or deposition/emission rate. Here, we extended the usage of this technique to examine uptake kinetics on sample surfaces. The good performance of the chamber system was validated. This technique can be further used for liquid samples and real atmospheric aerosol samples without complicated coating procedures, which complements the existing techniques in atmospheric kinetic studies.
Fabian Mahrt, Long Peng, Julia Zaks, Yuanzhou Huang, Paul E. Ohno, Natalie R. Smith, Florence K. A. Gregson, Yiming Qin, Celia L. Faiola, Scot T. Martin, Sergey A. Nizkorodov, Markus Ammann, and Allan K. Bertram
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 13783–13796, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13783-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13783-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The number of condensed phases in mixtures of different secondary organic aerosol (SOA) types determines their impact on air quality and climate. Here we observe the number of phases in individual particles that contain mixtures of two different types of SOA. We find that SOA mixtures can form one- or two-phase particles, depending on the difference in the average oxygen-to-carbon (O / C) ratios of the two SOA types that are internally mixed within individual particles.
Albert Ansmann, Kevin Ohneiser, Alexandra Chudnovsky, Daniel A. Knopf, Edwin W. Eloranta, Diego Villanueva, Patric Seifert, Martin Radenz, Boris Barja, Félix Zamorano, Cristofer Jimenez, Ronny Engelmann, Holger Baars, Hannes Griesche, Julian Hofer, Dietrich Althausen, and Ulla Wandinger
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 11701–11726, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11701-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11701-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
For the first time we present a systematic study on the impact of wildfire smoke on ozone depletion in the Arctic (2020) and Antarctic stratosphere (2020, 2021). Two major fire events in Siberia and Australia were responsible for the observed record-breaking stratospheric smoke pollution. Our analyses were based on lidar observations of smoke parameters (Polarstern, Punta Arenas) and NDACC Arctic and Antarctic ozone profiles as well as on Antarctic OMI satellite observations of column ozone.
Simon F. Reifenberg, Anna Martin, Matthias Kohl, Sara Bacer, Zaneta Hamryszczak, Ivan Tadic, Lenard Röder, Daniel J. Crowley, Horst Fischer, Katharina Kaiser, Johannes Schneider, Raphael Dörich, John N. Crowley, Laura Tomsche, Andreas Marsing, Christiane Voigt, Andreas Zahn, Christopher Pöhlker, Bruna A. Holanda, Ovid Krüger, Ulrich Pöschl, Mira Pöhlker, Patrick Jöckel, Marcel Dorf, Ulrich Schumann, Jonathan Williams, Birger Bohn, Joachim Curtius, Hardwig Harder, Hans Schlager, Jos Lelieveld, and Andrea Pozzer
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 10901–10917, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10901-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10901-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In this work we use a combination of observational data from an aircraft campaign and model results to investigate the effect of the European lockdown due to COVID-19 in spring 2020. Using model results, we show that the largest relative changes to the atmospheric composition caused by the reduced emissions are located in the upper troposphere around aircraft cruise altitude, while the largest absolute changes are present at the surface.
Alexander D. Harrison, Daniel O'Sullivan, Michael P. Adams, Grace C. E. Porter, Edmund Blades, Cherise Brathwaite, Rebecca Chewitt-Lucas, Cassandra Gaston, Rachel Hawker, Ovid O. Krüger, Leslie Neve, Mira L. Pöhlker, Christopher Pöhlker, Ulrich Pöschl, Alberto Sanchez-Marroquin, Andrea Sealy, Peter Sealy, Mark D. Tarn, Shanice Whitehall, James B. McQuaid, Kenneth S. Carslaw, Joseph M. Prospero, and Benjamin J. Murray
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 9663–9680, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9663-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9663-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The formation of ice in clouds fundamentally alters cloud properties; hence it is important we understand the special aerosol particles that can nucleate ice when immersed in supercooled cloud droplets. In this paper we show that African desert dust that has travelled across the Atlantic to the Caribbean nucleates ice much less well than we might have expected.
Marco Wietzoreck, Marios Kyprianou, Benjamin A. Musa Bandowe, Siddika Celik, John N. Crowley, Frank Drewnick, Philipp Eger, Nils Friedrich, Minas Iakovides, Petr Kukučka, Jan Kuta, Barbora Nežiková, Petra Pokorná, Petra Přibylová, Roman Prokeš, Roland Rohloff, Ivan Tadic, Sebastian Tauer, Jake Wilson, Hartwig Harder, Jos Lelieveld, Ulrich Pöschl, Euripides G. Stephanou, and Gerhard Lammel
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 8739–8766, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8739-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8739-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A unique dataset of concentrations and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their alkylated, oxygenated and nitrated derivatives, in total 74 individual species, in the marine atmosphere is presented. Exposure to these substances poses a major health risk. We found very low concentrations over the Arabian Sea, while both local and long-range-transported pollution caused elevated levels over the Mediterranean Sea and the Arabian Gulf.
Ovid O. Krüger, Bruna A. Holanda, Sourangsu Chowdhury, Andrea Pozzer, David Walter, Christopher Pöhlker, Maria Dolores Andrés Hernández, John P. Burrows, Christiane Voigt, Jos Lelieveld, Johannes Quaas, Ulrich Pöschl, and Mira L. Pöhlker
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 8683–8699, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8683-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8683-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The abrupt reduction in human activities during the first COVID-19 lockdown created unprecedented atmospheric conditions. We took the opportunity to quantify changes in black carbon (BC) as a major anthropogenic air pollutant. Therefore, we measured BC on board a research aircraft over Europe during the lockdown and compared the results to measurements from 2017. With model simulations we account for different weather conditions and find a lockdown-related decrease in BC of 41 %.
Kevin Ohneiser, Albert Ansmann, Bernd Kaifler, Alexandra Chudnovsky, Boris Barja, Daniel A. Knopf, Natalie Kaifler, Holger Baars, Patric Seifert, Diego Villanueva, Cristofer Jimenez, Martin Radenz, Ronny Engelmann, Igor Veselovskii, and Félix Zamorano
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 7417–7442, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7417-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7417-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We present and discuss 2 years of long-term lidar observations of the largest stratospheric perturbation by wildfire smoke ever observed. The smoke originated from the record-breaking Australian fires in 2019–2020 and affects climate conditions and even the ozone layer in the Southern Hemisphere. The obvious link between dense smoke occurrence in the stratosphere and strong ozone depletion found in the Arctic and in the Antarctic in 2020 can be regarded as a new aspect of climate change.
M. Dolores Andrés Hernández, Andreas Hilboll, Helmut Ziereis, Eric Förster, Ovid O. Krüger, Katharina Kaiser, Johannes Schneider, Francesca Barnaba, Mihalis Vrekoussis, Jörg Schmidt, Heidi Huntrieser, Anne-Marlene Blechschmidt, Midhun George, Vladyslav Nenakhov, Theresa Harlass, Bruna A. Holanda, Jennifer Wolf, Lisa Eirenschmalz, Marc Krebsbach, Mira L. Pöhlker, Anna B. Kalisz Hedegaard, Linlu Mei, Klaus Pfeilsticker, Yangzhuoran Liu, Ralf Koppmann, Hans Schlager, Birger Bohn, Ulrich Schumann, Andreas Richter, Benjamin Schreiner, Daniel Sauer, Robert Baumann, Mariano Mertens, Patrick Jöckel, Markus Kilian, Greta Stratmann, Christopher Pöhlker, Monica Campanelli, Marco Pandolfi, Michael Sicard, José L. Gómez-Amo, Manuel Pujadas, Katja Bigge, Flora Kluge, Anja Schwarz, Nikos Daskalakis, David Walter, Andreas Zahn, Ulrich Pöschl, Harald Bönisch, Stephan Borrmann, Ulrich Platt, and John P. Burrows
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 5877–5924, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5877-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5877-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
EMeRGe provides a unique set of in situ and remote sensing airborne measurements of trace gases and aerosol particles along selected flight routes in the lower troposphere over Europe. The interpretation uses also complementary collocated ground-based and satellite measurements. The collected data help to improve the current understanding of the complex spatial distribution of trace gases and aerosol particles resulting from mixing, transport, and transformation of pollution plumes over Europe.
Daniel A. Knopf, Joseph C. Charnawskas, Peiwen Wang, Benny Wong, Jay M. Tomlin, Kevin A. Jankowski, Matthew Fraund, Daniel P. Veghte, Swarup China, Alexander Laskin, Ryan C. Moffet, Mary K. Gilles, Josephine Y. Aller, Matthew A. Marcus, Shira Raveh-Rubin, and Jian Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 5377–5398, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5377-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5377-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Marine boundary layer aerosols collected in the remote region of the eastern North Atlantic induce immersion freezing and deposition ice nucleation under typical mixed-phase and cirrus cloud conditions. Corresponding ice nucleation parameterizations for model applications have been derived. Chemical imaging of ambient aerosol and ice-nucleating particles demonstrates that the latter is dominated by sea salt and organics while also representing a major particle type in the particle population.
Marco A. Franco, Florian Ditas, Leslie A. Kremper, Luiz A. T. Machado, Meinrat O. Andreae, Alessandro Araújo, Henrique M. J. Barbosa, Joel F. de Brito, Samara Carbone, Bruna A. Holanda, Fernando G. Morais, Janaína P. Nascimento, Mira L. Pöhlker, Luciana V. Rizzo, Marta Sá, Jorge Saturno, David Walter, Stefan Wolff, Ulrich Pöschl, Paulo Artaxo, and Christopher Pöhlker
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 3469–3492, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3469-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3469-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In Central Amazonia, new particle formation in the planetary boundary layer is rare. Instead, there is the appearance of sub-50 nm aerosols with diameters larger than about 20 nm that eventually grow to cloud condensation nuclei size range. Here, 254 growth events were characterized which have higher predominance in the wet season. About 70 % of them showed direct relation to convective downdrafts, while 30 % occurred partly under clear-sky conditions, evidencing still unknown particle sources.
Kai Tang, Beatriz Sánchez-Parra, Petya Yordanova, Jörn Wehking, Anna T. Backes, Daniel A. Pickersgill, Stefanie Maier, Jean Sciare, Ulrich Pöschl, Bettina Weber, and Janine Fröhlich-Nowoisky
Biogeosciences, 19, 71–91, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-71-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-71-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Metagenomic sequencing and freezing experiments of aerosol samples collected on Cyprus revealed rain-related short-term changes of bioaerosol and ice nuclei composition. Filtration experiments showed a rain-related enhancement of biological ice nuclei > 5 µm and < 0.1 µm. The observed effects of rainfall on the composition of atmospheric bioaerosols and ice nuclei may influence the hydrological cycle as well as the health effects of air particulate matter (pathogens, allergens).
Jay M. Tomlin, Kevin A. Jankowski, Daniel P. Veghte, Swarup China, Peiwen Wang, Matthew Fraund, Johannes Weis, Guangjie Zheng, Yang Wang, Felipe Rivera-Adorno, Shira Raveh-Rubin, Daniel A. Knopf, Jian Wang, Mary K. Gilles, Ryan C. Moffet, and Alexander Laskin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 18123–18146, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-18123-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-18123-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Analysis of individual atmospheric particles shows that aerosol transported from North America during meteorological dry intrusion episodes may have a substantial impact on the mixing state and particle-type population over the mid-Atlantic, as organic contribution and particle-type diversity are significantly enhanced during these periods. These observations need to be considered in current atmospheric models.
Luiz A. T. Machado, Marco A. Franco, Leslie A. Kremper, Florian Ditas, Meinrat O. Andreae, Paulo Artaxo, Micael A. Cecchini, Bruna A. Holanda, Mira L. Pöhlker, Ivan Saraiva, Stefan Wolff, Ulrich Pöschl, and Christopher Pöhlker
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 18065–18086, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-18065-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-18065-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Several studies evaluate aerosol–cloud interactions, but only a few attempted to describe how clouds modify aerosol properties. This study evaluates the effect of weather events on the particle size distribution at the ATTO, combining remote sensing and in situ data. Ultrafine, Aitken and accumulation particles modes have different behaviors for the diurnal cycle and for rainfall events. This study opens up new scientific questions that need to be pursued in detail in new field campaigns.
Ramon Campos Braga, Barbara Ervens, Daniel Rosenfeld, Meinrat O. Andreae, Jan-David Förster, Daniel Fütterer, Lianet Hernández Pardo, Bruna A. Holanda, Tina Jurkat-Witschas, Ovid O. Krüger, Oliver Lauer, Luiz A. T. Machado, Christopher Pöhlker, Daniel Sauer, Christiane Voigt, Adrian Walser, Manfred Wendisch, Ulrich Pöschl, and Mira L. Pöhlker
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 17513–17528, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17513-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17513-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Interactions of aerosol particles with clouds represent a large uncertainty in estimates of climate change. Properties of aerosol particles control their ability to act as cloud condensation nuclei. Using aerosol measurements in the Amazon, we performed model studies to compare predicted and measured cloud droplet number concentrations at cloud bases. Our results confirm previous estimates of particle hygroscopicity in this region.
Najin Kim, Yafang Cheng, Nan Ma, Mira L. Pöhlker, Thomas Klimach, Thomas F. Mentel, Ovid O. Krüger, Ulrich Pöschl, and Hang Su
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 6991–7005, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-6991-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-6991-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
A broad supersaturation scanning CCN (BS2-CCN) system, in which particles are exposed to a range of supersaturation simultaneously, can measure a broad range of CCN activity distribution with a high time resolution. We describe how the BS2-CCN system can be effectively calibrated and which factors can affect the calibration curve. Intercomparison experiments between typical DMA-CCN and BS2-CCN measurements to evaluate the BS2-CCN system showed high correlation and good agreement.
Daniel A. Knopf and Markus Ammann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 15725–15753, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15725-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15725-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Adsorption on and desorption of gas molecules from solid or liquid surfaces or interfaces represent the initial interaction of gas-to-condensed-phase processes that can define the physicochemical evolution of the condensed phase. We apply a thermodynamic and microscopic treatment of these multiphase processes to evaluate how adsorption and desorption rates and surface accommodation depend on the choice of adsorption model and standard states with implications for desorption energy and lifetimes.
Ramon Campos Braga, Daniel Rosenfeld, Ovid O. Krüger, Barbara Ervens, Bruna A. Holanda, Manfred Wendisch, Trismono Krisna, Ulrich Pöschl, Meinrat O. Andreae, Christiane Voigt, and Mira L. Pöhlker
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 14079–14088, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14079-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14079-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Quantifying the precipitation within clouds is crucial for our understanding of the Earth's hydrological cycle. Using in situ measurements of cloud and rain properties over the Amazon Basin and Atlantic Ocean, we show here a linear relationship between the effective radius (re) and precipitation water content near the tops of convective clouds for different pollution states and temperature levels. Our results emphasize the role of re to determine both initiation and amount of precipitation.
Maria Prass, Meinrat O. Andreae, Alessandro C. de Araùjo, Paulo Artaxo, Florian Ditas, Wolfgang Elbert, Jan-David Förster, Marco Aurélio Franco, Isabella Hrabe de Angelis, Jürgen Kesselmeier, Thomas Klimach, Leslie Ann Kremper, Eckhard Thines, David Walter, Jens Weber, Bettina Weber, Bernhard M. Fuchs, Ulrich Pöschl, and Christopher Pöhlker
Biogeosciences, 18, 4873–4887, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4873-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4873-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Bioaerosols in the atmosphere over the Amazon rain forest were analyzed by molecular biological staining and microscopy. Eukaryotic, bacterial, and archaeal aerosols were quantified in time series and altitude profiles which exhibited clear differences in number concentrations and vertical distributions. Our results provide insights into the sources and dispersion of different Amazonian bioaerosol types as a basis for a better understanding of biosphere–atmosphere interactions.
R. Anthony Cox, Markus Ammann, John N. Crowley, Paul T. Griffiths, Hartmut Herrmann, Erik H. Hoffmann, Michael E. Jenkin, V. Faye McNeill, Abdelwahid Mellouki, Christopher J. Penkett, Andreas Tilgner, and Timothy J. Wallington
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 13011–13018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13011-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13011-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The term open-air factor was coined in the 1960s, establishing that rural air had powerful germicidal properties possibly resulting from immediate products of the reaction of ozone with alkenes, unsaturated compounds ubiquitously present in natural and polluted environments. We have re-evaluated those early experiments, applying the recently substantially improved knowledge, and put them into the context of the lifetime of aerosol-borne pathogens that are so important in the Covid-19 pandemic.
Bjorn Stevens, Sandrine Bony, David Farrell, Felix Ament, Alan Blyth, Christopher Fairall, Johannes Karstensen, Patricia K. Quinn, Sabrina Speich, Claudia Acquistapace, Franziska Aemisegger, Anna Lea Albright, Hugo Bellenger, Eberhard Bodenschatz, Kathy-Ann Caesar, Rebecca Chewitt-Lucas, Gijs de Boer, Julien Delanoë, Leif Denby, Florian Ewald, Benjamin Fildier, Marvin Forde, Geet George, Silke Gross, Martin Hagen, Andrea Hausold, Karen J. Heywood, Lutz Hirsch, Marek Jacob, Friedhelm Jansen, Stefan Kinne, Daniel Klocke, Tobias Kölling, Heike Konow, Marie Lothon, Wiebke Mohr, Ann Kristin Naumann, Louise Nuijens, Léa Olivier, Robert Pincus, Mira Pöhlker, Gilles Reverdin, Gregory Roberts, Sabrina Schnitt, Hauke Schulz, A. Pier Siebesma, Claudia Christine Stephan, Peter Sullivan, Ludovic Touzé-Peiffer, Jessica Vial, Raphaela Vogel, Paquita Zuidema, Nicola Alexander, Lyndon Alves, Sophian Arixi, Hamish Asmath, Gholamhossein Bagheri, Katharina Baier, Adriana Bailey, Dariusz Baranowski, Alexandre Baron, Sébastien Barrau, Paul A. Barrett, Frédéric Batier, Andreas Behrendt, Arne Bendinger, Florent Beucher, Sebastien Bigorre, Edmund Blades, Peter Blossey, Olivier Bock, Steven Böing, Pierre Bosser, Denis Bourras, Pascale Bouruet-Aubertot, Keith Bower, Pierre Branellec, Hubert Branger, Michal Brennek, Alan Brewer, Pierre-Etienne Brilouet, Björn Brügmann, Stefan A. Buehler, Elmo Burke, Ralph Burton, Radiance Calmer, Jean-Christophe Canonici, Xavier Carton, Gregory Cato Jr., Jude Andre Charles, Patrick Chazette, Yanxu Chen, Michal T. Chilinski, Thomas Choularton, Patrick Chuang, Shamal Clarke, Hugh Coe, Céline Cornet, Pierre Coutris, Fleur Couvreux, Susanne Crewell, Timothy Cronin, Zhiqiang Cui, Yannis Cuypers, Alton Daley, Gillian M. Damerell, Thibaut Dauhut, Hartwig Deneke, Jean-Philippe Desbios, Steffen Dörner, Sebastian Donner, Vincent Douet, Kyla Drushka, Marina Dütsch, André Ehrlich, Kerry Emanuel, Alexandros Emmanouilidis, Jean-Claude Etienne, Sheryl Etienne-Leblanc, Ghislain Faure, Graham Feingold, Luca Ferrero, Andreas Fix, Cyrille Flamant, Piotr Jacek Flatau, Gregory R. Foltz, Linda Forster, Iulian Furtuna, Alan Gadian, Joseph Galewsky, Martin Gallagher, Peter Gallimore, Cassandra Gaston, Chelle Gentemann, Nicolas Geyskens, Andreas Giez, John Gollop, Isabelle Gouirand, Christophe Gourbeyre, Dörte de Graaf, Geiske E. de Groot, Robert Grosz, Johannes Güttler, Manuel Gutleben, Kashawn Hall, George Harris, Kevin C. Helfer, Dean Henze, Calvert Herbert, Bruna Holanda, Antonio Ibanez-Landeta, Janet Intrieri, Suneil Iyer, Fabrice Julien, Heike Kalesse, Jan Kazil, Alexander Kellman, Abiel T. Kidane, Ulrike Kirchner, Marcus Klingebiel, Mareike Körner, Leslie Ann Kremper, Jan Kretzschmar, Ovid Krüger, Wojciech Kumala, Armin Kurz, Pierre L'Hégaret, Matthieu Labaste, Tom Lachlan-Cope, Arlene Laing, Peter Landschützer, Theresa Lang, Diego Lange, Ingo Lange, Clément Laplace, Gauke Lavik, Rémi Laxenaire, Caroline Le Bihan, Mason Leandro, Nathalie Lefevre, Marius Lena, Donald Lenschow, Qiang Li, Gary Lloyd, Sebastian Los, Niccolò Losi, Oscar Lovell, Christopher Luneau, Przemyslaw Makuch, Szymon Malinowski, Gaston Manta, Eleni Marinou, Nicholas Marsden, Sebastien Masson, Nicolas Maury, Bernhard Mayer, Margarette Mayers-Als, Christophe Mazel, Wayne McGeary, James C. McWilliams, Mario Mech, Melina Mehlmann, Agostino Niyonkuru Meroni, Theresa Mieslinger, Andreas Minikin, Peter Minnett, Gregor Möller, Yanmichel Morfa Avalos, Caroline Muller, Ionela Musat, Anna Napoli, Almuth Neuberger, Christophe Noisel, David Noone, Freja Nordsiek, Jakub L. Nowak, Lothar Oswald, Douglas J. Parker, Carolyn Peck, Renaud Person, Miriam Philippi, Albert Plueddemann, Christopher Pöhlker, Veronika Pörtge, Ulrich Pöschl, Lawrence Pologne, Michał Posyniak, Marc Prange, Estefanía Quiñones Meléndez, Jule Radtke, Karim Ramage, Jens Reimann, Lionel Renault, Klaus Reus, Ashford Reyes, Joachim Ribbe, Maximilian Ringel, Markus Ritschel, Cesar B. Rocha, Nicolas Rochetin, Johannes Röttenbacher, Callum Rollo, Haley Royer, Pauline Sadoulet, Leo Saffin, Sanola Sandiford, Irina Sandu, Michael Schäfer, Vera Schemann, Imke Schirmacher, Oliver Schlenczek, Jerome Schmidt, Marcel Schröder, Alfons Schwarzenboeck, Andrea Sealy, Christoph J. Senff, Ilya Serikov, Samkeyat Shohan, Elizabeth Siddle, Alexander Smirnov, Florian Späth, Branden Spooner, M. Katharina Stolla, Wojciech Szkółka, Simon P. de Szoeke, Stéphane Tarot, Eleni Tetoni, Elizabeth Thompson, Jim Thomson, Lorenzo Tomassini, Julien Totems, Alma Anna Ubele, Leonie Villiger, Jan von Arx, Thomas Wagner, Andi Walther, Ben Webber, Manfred Wendisch, Shanice Whitehall, Anton Wiltshire, Allison A. Wing, Martin Wirth, Jonathan Wiskandt, Kevin Wolf, Ludwig Worbes, Ethan Wright, Volker Wulfmeyer, Shanea Young, Chidong Zhang, Dongxiao Zhang, Florian Ziemen, Tobias Zinner, and Martin Zöger
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 4067–4119, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4067-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4067-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The EUREC4A field campaign, designed to test hypothesized mechanisms by which clouds respond to warming and benchmark next-generation Earth-system models, is presented. EUREC4A comprised roughly 5 weeks of measurements in the downstream winter trades of the North Atlantic – eastward and southeastward of Barbados. It was the first campaign that attempted to characterize the full range of processes and scales influencing trade wind clouds.
Mira L. Pöhlker, Minghui Zhang, Ramon Campos Braga, Ovid O. Krüger, Ulrich Pöschl, and Barbara Ervens
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 11723–11740, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11723-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11723-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Clouds cool our atmosphere. The role of small aerosol particles in affecting them represents one of the largest uncertainties in current estimates of climate change. Traditionally it is assumed that cloud droplets only form particles of diameters ~ 100 nm (
accumulation mode). Previous studies suggest that this can also occur in smaller particles (
Aitken mode). Our study provides a general framework to estimate under which aerosol and cloud conditions Aitken mode particles affect clouds.
Yang Wang, Guangjie Zheng, Michael P. Jensen, Daniel A. Knopf, Alexander Laskin, Alyssa A. Matthews, David Mechem, Fan Mei, Ryan Moffet, Arthur J. Sedlacek, John E. Shilling, Stephen Springston, Amy Sullivan, Jason Tomlinson, Daniel Veghte, Rodney Weber, Robert Wood, Maria A. Zawadowicz, and Jian Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 11079–11098, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11079-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11079-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This paper reports the vertical profiles of trace gas and aerosol properties over the eastern North Atlantic, a region of persistent but diverse subtropical marine boundary layer (MBL) clouds. We examined the key processes that drive the cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) population and how it varies with season and synoptic conditions. This study helps improve the model representation of the aerosol processes in the remote MBL, reducing the simulated aerosol indirect effects.
Haijie Tong, Fobang Liu, Alexander Filippi, Jake Wilson, Andrea M. Arangio, Yun Zhang, Siyao Yue, Steven Lelieveld, Fangxia Shen, Helmi-Marja K. Keskinen, Jing Li, Haoxuan Chen, Ting Zhang, Thorsten Hoffmann, Pingqing Fu, William H. Brune, Tuukka Petäjä, Markku Kulmala, Maosheng Yao, Thomas Berkemeier, Manabu Shiraiwa, and Ulrich Pöschl
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 10439–10455, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10439-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10439-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We measured radical yields of aqueous PM2.5 extracts and found lower yields at higher concentrations of PM2.5. Abundances of water-soluble transition metals and aromatics in PM2.5 were positively correlated with the relative fraction of •OH but negatively correlated with the relative fraction of C-centered radicals among detected radicals. Composition-dependent reactive species yields may explain differences in the reactivity and health effects of PM2.5 in clean versus polluted air.
Tommaso Galeazzo, Richard Valorso, Ying Li, Marie Camredon, Bernard Aumont, and Manabu Shiraiwa
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 10199–10213, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10199-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10199-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We simulate SOA viscosity with explicit modeling of gas-phase oxidation of isoprene and α-pinene. While the viscosity dependence on relative humidity and mass loadings is captured well by simulations, the model underestimates measured viscosity, indicating missing processes. Kinetic limitations and reduction in mass accommodation may cause an increase in viscosity. The developed model is powerful for investigation of the interplay among gas reactions, chemical composition and phase state.
Albert Ansmann, Kevin Ohneiser, Rodanthi-Elisavet Mamouri, Daniel A. Knopf, Igor Veselovskii, Holger Baars, Ronny Engelmann, Andreas Foth, Cristofer Jimenez, Patric Seifert, and Boris Barja
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 9779–9807, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-9779-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-9779-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We present retrievals of tropospheric and stratospheric height profiles of particle mass, volume, surface area concentration of wildfire smoke layers, and related cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and ice-nucleating particle (INP) concentrations. The new analysis scheme is applied to ground-based lidar observations of stratospheric Australian smoke over southern South America and to spaceborne lidar observations of tropospheric North American smoke.
Eugene F. Mikhailov, Mira L. Pöhlker, Kathrin Reinmuth-Selzle, Sergey S. Vlasenko, Ovid O. Krüger, Janine Fröhlich-Nowoisky, Christopher Pöhlker, Olga A. Ivanova, Alexey A. Kiselev, Leslie A. Kremper, and Ulrich Pöschl
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 6999–7022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6999-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6999-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Subpollen particles are a relatively new subset of atmospheric aerosol particles. When pollen grains rupture, they release cytoplasmic fragments known as subpollen particles (SPPs). We found that SPPs, containing a broad spectrum of biopolymers and hydrocarbons, exhibit abnormally high water uptake. This effect may influence the life cycle of SPPs and the related direct and indirect impacts on radiation budget as well as reinforce their allergic potential.
Patricia K. Quinn, Elizabeth J. Thompson, Derek J. Coffman, Sunil Baidar, Ludovic Bariteau, Timothy S. Bates, Sebastien Bigorre, Alan Brewer, Gijs de Boer, Simon P. de Szoeke, Kyla Drushka, Gregory R. Foltz, Janet Intrieri, Suneil Iyer, Chris W. Fairall, Cassandra J. Gaston, Friedhelm Jansen, James E. Johnson, Ovid O. Krüger, Richard D. Marchbanks, Kenneth P. Moran, David Noone, Sergio Pezoa, Robert Pincus, Albert J. Plueddemann, Mira L. Pöhlker, Ulrich Pöschl, Estefania Quinones Melendez, Haley M. Royer, Malgorzata Szczodrak, Jim Thomson, Lucia M. Upchurch, Chidong Zhang, Dongxiao Zhang, and Paquita Zuidema
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 1759–1790, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1759-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1759-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
ATOMIC took place in the northwestern tropical Atlantic during January and February of 2020 to gather information on shallow atmospheric convection, the effects of aerosols and clouds on the ocean surface energy budget, and mesoscale oceanic processes. Measurements made from the NOAA RV Ronald H. Brown and assets it deployed (instrumented mooring and uncrewed seagoing vehicles) are described herein to advance widespread use of the data by the ATOMIC and broader research communities.
Thorsten Bartels-Rausch, Xiangrui Kong, Fabrizio Orlando, Luca Artiglia, Astrid Waldner, Thomas Huthwelker, and Markus Ammann
The Cryosphere, 15, 2001–2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-2001-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-2001-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Chemical reactions in sea salt embedded in coastal polar snow impact the composition and air quality of the atmosphere. Here, we investigate the phase changes of sodium chloride. This is of importance as chemical reactions proceed faster in liquid solutions compared to in solid salt and the precise precipitation temperature of sodium chloride is still under debate. We focus on the upper nanometres of sodium chloride–ice samples because of their role as a reactive interface in the environment.
Jake Wilson, Ulrich Pöschl, Manabu Shiraiwa, and Thomas Berkemeier
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 6175–6198, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6175-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6175-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This work explores the gas–particle partitioning of PAHs on soot with a kinetic model. We show that the equilibration timescale depends on PAH molecular structure, temperature, and particle number concentration. We explore scenarios in which the particulate fraction is perturbed from equilibrium by chemical loss and discuss implications for chemical transport models that assume instantaneous equilibration at each model time step.
Alexander Zaytsev, Martin Breitenlechner, Anna Novelli, Hendrik Fuchs, Daniel A. Knopf, Jesse H. Kroll, and Frank N. Keutsch
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 2501–2513, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-2501-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-2501-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We have developed an online method for speciated measurements of organic peroxy radicals and stabilized Criegee intermediates using chemical derivatization combined with chemical ionization mass spectrometry. Chemical derivatization prevents secondary radical reactions and eliminates potential interferences. Comparison between our measurements and results from numeric modeling shows that the method can be used for the quantification of a wide range of atmospheric radicals and intermediates.
Abdelwahid Mellouki, Markus Ammann, R. Anthony Cox, John N. Crowley, Hartmut Herrmann, Michael E. Jenkin, V. Faye McNeill, Jürgen Troe, and Timothy J. Wallington
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 4797–4808, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-4797-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-4797-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Volatile organic compounds play an important role in atmospheric chemistry. This article, the eighth in the series, presents kinetic and photochemical data sheets evaluated by the IUPAC Task Group on Atmospheric Chemical Kinetic Data Evaluation. It covers the gas-phase reactions of organic species with four, or more, carbon atoms (≥ C4) including thermal reactions of closed-shell organic species with HO and NO3 radicals and their photolysis. These data are important for atmospheric models.
Israel Silber, Ann M. Fridlind, Johannes Verlinde, Andrew S. Ackerman, Grégory V. Cesana, and Daniel A. Knopf
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 3949–3971, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3949-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3949-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Long-term ground-based radar and sounding measurements over Alaska (Antarctica) indicate that more than 85 % (75 %) of supercooled clouds are precipitating at cloud base and that 75 % (50 %) are precipitating to the surface. Such high prevalence is reconciled with lesser spaceborne estimates by considering radar sensitivity. Results provide a strong observational constraint for polar cloud processes in large-scale models.
Manabu Shiraiwa and Ulrich Pöschl
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 1565–1580, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-1565-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-1565-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Mass accommodation is a crucial process in secondary organic aerosol partitioning that depends on volatility, diffusivity, reactivity, and particle penetration depth of the chemical species involved. For efficient kinetic modeling, we introduce an effective mass accommodation coefficient that accounts for the above influencing factors, can be applied in the common Fuchs–Sutugin approximation, and helps to resolve inconsistencies and shortcomings of earlier experimental and model investigations.
Chuchu Chen, Xiaoxiang Wang, Kurt Binder, Mohammad Mehdi Ghahremanpour, David van der Spoel, Ulrich Pöschl, Hang Su, and Yafang Cheng
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2020-1329, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2020-1329, 2021
Publication in ACP not foreseen
Short summary
Short summary
Size dependence of succinic acid solvation in the nanoparticles is investigated based on the molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and energetic analysis. The results show a stronger surface preference and a weaker internal bulk volume solvation of succinic acid in the smaller droplets, which may explain the previously observed size-dependent phase-state of aerosol nanoparticles containing organic molecules, fundamentally promoting a better understanding of atmospheric aerosols.
Sabin Kasparoglu, Ying Li, Manabu Shiraiwa, and Markus D. Petters
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 1127–1141, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-1127-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-1127-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Viscosity is important because it determines the lifetime, impact, and fate of particulate matter. We collected new data to rigorously test a framework that is used to constrain the phase state in global simulations. We find that the framework is accurate as long as appropriate compound specific inputs are available.
Jing Dou, Peter A. Alpert, Pablo Corral Arroyo, Beiping Luo, Frederic Schneider, Jacinta Xto, Thomas Huthwelker, Camelia N. Borca, Katja D. Henzler, Jörg Raabe, Benjamin Watts, Hartmut Herrmann, Thomas Peter, Markus Ammann, and Ulrich K. Krieger
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 315–338, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-315-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-315-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Photochemistry of iron(III) complexes plays an important role in aerosol aging, especially in the lower troposphere. Ensuing radical chemistry leads to decarboxylation, and the production of peroxides, and oxygenated volatile compounds, resulting in particle mass loss due to release of the volatile products to the gas phase. We investigated kinetic transport limitations due to high particle viscosity under low relative humidity conditions. For quantification a numerical model was developed.
Thomas Berkemeier, Masayuki Takeuchi, Gamze Eris, and Nga L. Ng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 15513–15535, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-15513-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-15513-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents how environmental chamber data of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation can be interpreted using kinetic modeling techniques. Utilizing pure and mixed precursor experiments, we show that SOA formation and evaporation can be understood by explicitly treating gas-phase chemistry, gas–particle partitioning, and, notably, particle-phase oligomerization, but some of the non-linear, non-equilibrium effects must be accredited to diffusion limitations in the particle phase.
Guo Li, Hang Su, Nan Ma, Guangjie Zheng, Uwe Kuhn, Meng Li, Thomas Klimach, Ulrich Pöschl, and Yafang Cheng
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 6053–6065, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-6053-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-6053-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol acidity plays an important role in regulating the chemistry, health, and ecological effect of aerosol particles. However, a direct measurement of aerosol pH is very challenging because of its fast transition and equilibrium with adjacent environments. Therefore, most early studies have to use modeled pH, resulting in intensive debates about model uncertainties. Here we developed an optimized approach to measure aerosol pH by using pH-indicator papers combined with RGB-based colorimetry.
Jacinta Edebeli, Jürg C. Trachsel, Sven E. Avak, Markus Ammann, Martin Schneebeli, Anja Eichler, and Thorsten Bartels-Rausch
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 13443–13454, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-13443-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-13443-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Earth’s snow cover is very dynamic and can change its physical properties within hours, as is well known by skiers. Snow is also a well-known host of chemical reactions – the products of which impact air composition and quality. Here, we present laboratory experiments that show how the dynamics of snow make snow essentially inert with respect to gas-phase ozone with time despite its content of reactive chemicals. Impacts on polar atmospheric chemistry are discussed.
R. Anthony Cox, Markus Ammann, John N. Crowley, Hartmut Herrmann, Michael E. Jenkin, V. Faye McNeill, Abdelwahid Mellouki, Jürgen Troe, and Timothy J. Wallington
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 13497–13519, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-13497-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-13497-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Criegee intermediates, formed from alkene–ozone reactions, play a potentially important role as tropospheric oxidants. Evaluated kinetic data are provided for reactions governing their formation and removal for use in atmospheric models. These include their formation from reactions of simple and complex alkenes and removal by decomposition and reaction with a number of atmospheric species (e.g. H2O, SO2). An overview of the tropospheric chemistry of Criegee intermediates is also provided.
Lixia Liu, Yafang Cheng, Siwen Wang, Chao Wei, Mira L. Pöhlker, Christopher Pöhlker, Paulo Artaxo, Manish Shrivastava, Meinrat O. Andreae, Ulrich Pöschl, and Hang Su
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 13283–13301, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-13283-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-13283-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This modeling paper reveals how aerosol–cloud interactions (ACIs) and aerosol–radiation interactions (ARIs) induced by biomass burning (BB) aerosols act oppositely on radiation, cloud, and precipitation in the Amazon during the dry season. The varying relative significance of ACIs and ARIs with BB aerosol concentration leads to a nonlinear dependence of the total climate response on BB aerosol loading and features the growing importance of ARIs at high aerosol loading.
Ting Lei, Nan Ma, Juan Hong, Thomas Tuch, Xin Wang, Zhibin Wang, Mira Pöhlker, Maofa Ge, Weigang Wang, Eugene Mikhailov, Thorsten Hoffmann, Ulrich Pöschl, Hang Su, Alfred Wiedensohler, and Yafang Cheng
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 5551–5567, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-5551-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-5551-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We present the design of a nano-hygroscopicity tandem differential mobility analyzer (nano-HTDMA) apparatus that enables high accuracy and precision in hygroscopic growth measurements of aerosol nanoparticles with diameters less than 10 nm. We further introduce comprehensive methods for system calibration and validation of the performance of the system. We then study the size dependence of the deliquescence and the efflorescence of aerosol nanoparticles for sizes down to 6 nm.
Wei Tao, Hang Su, Guangjie Zheng, Jiandong Wang, Chao Wei, Lixia Liu, Nan Ma, Meng Li, Qiang Zhang, Ulrich Pöschl, and Yafang Cheng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 11729–11746, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-11729-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-11729-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We simulated the thermodynamic and multiphase reactions in aerosol water during a wintertime haze event over the North China Plain. It was found that aerosol pH exhibited a strong spatiotemporal variability, and multiple oxidation pathways were predominant for particulate sulfate formation in different locations. Sensitivity tests further showed that ammonia, crustal particles, and dissolved transition metal ions were important factors for multiphase chemistry during haze episodes.
Cited articles
Abbatt, J. P. D. and Ravishankara, A. R.: Opinion: Atmospheric multiphase chemistry – past, present, and future, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9765–9785, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9765-2023, 2023.
Abbatt, J. P. D., Lee, A. K. Y., and Thornton, J. A.: Quantifying trace gas uptake to tropospheric aerosol: recent advances and remaining challenges, Chem. Soc. Rev., 41, 6555–6581, https://doi.org/10.1039/C2cs35052a, 2012.
Abraham, M. H.: Measurement of Enthalpies of Solution of Electrolytes, in: Thermochemistry and Its Applications to Chemical and Biochemical Systems. NATO ASI Series (Series C: Mathematical and Physical Sciences), edited by: Ribeiro da Silva, M. A. V., 119, Springer, Dordrecht, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-6312-2_20, 1984.
Ahmed, M., Blum, M., Crumlin, E. J., Geissler, P. L., Head-Gordon, T., Limmer, D. T., Mandadapu, K. K., Saykally, R. J., and Wilson, K. R.: Molecular Properties and Chemical Transformations Near Interfaces, J. Phys. Chem. B, 125, 9037–9051, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c03756, 2021.
Aihara, A. and Davies, M.: Dielectric relaxation times of some nonrigid polar molecules, J. Coll. Sci. Imp. U. Tok., 11, 671–687, https://doi.org/10.1016/0095-8522(56)90182-9, 1956.
Akkerman, H. B., Naber, R. C. G., Jongbloed, B., van Hal, P. A., Blom, P. W. M., de Leeuw, D. M., and de Boer, B.: Electron tunneling through alkanedithiol self-assembled monolayers in large-area molecular junctions, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 104, 11161–11166, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0701472104, 2007.
Alcala-Jornod, C., van den Bergh, H., and Rossi, M. J.: Reactivity of NO2 and H2O on soot generated in the laboratory: a diffusion tube study at ambient temperature, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2, 5584–5593, 2000.
Alcala-Jornod, C., van den Bergh, H., and Rossi, M. J.: Can soot particles emitted by airplane exhaust contribute to the formation of aviation contrails and cirrus clouds?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 4, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001gl014115, 2002.
Alkorta, I., Plane, J. M. C., Elguero, J., Davalos, J. Z., Acuna, A. U., and Saiz-Lopez, A.: Theoretical study of the NO3 radical reaction with CH2ClBr, CH2ICl, CH2BrI, CHCl2Br, and CHClBr2, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 24, 14365–14374, https://doi.org/10.1039/d2cp00021k, 2022.
Allouche, A. and Bahr, S.: Acetic acid-water interaction in solid interfaces, J. Phys. Chem. B, 110, 8640–8648, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp0559736, 2006.
Ammann, M. and Pöschl, U.: Kinetic model framework for aerosol and cloud surface chemistry and gas-particle interactions – Part 2: Exemplary practical applications and numerical simulations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 6025–6045, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-6025-2007, 2007.
Ammann, M., Pöschl, U., and Rudich, Y.: Effects of reversible adsorption and Langmuir-Hinshelwood surface reactions on gas uptake by atmospheric particles, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 5, 351–356, 2003.
Ammann, M., Cox, R. A., Crowley, J. N., Jenkin, M. E., Mellouki, A., Rossi, M. J., Troe, J., and Wallington, T. J.: Evaluated kinetic and photochemical data for atmospheric chemistry: Volume VI – heterogeneous reactions with liquid substrates, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 8045–8228, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-8045-2013, 2013.
Arangio, A. M., Slade, J. H., Berkemeier, T., Pöschl, U., Knopf, D. A., and Shiraiwa, M.: Multiphase Chemical Kinetics of OH Radical Uptake by Molecular Organic Markers of Biomass Burning Aerosols: Humidity and Temperature Dependence, Surface Reaction, and Bulk Diffusion, J. Phys. Chem. A, 119, 4533–4544, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp510489z, 2015.
Aroney, M. J., Saxby, J. D., Lefevre, R. J. W., and Chia, L. H. L.: Molecular polarisability. Dipole moments molar Kerr constants + conformations of 11 phosphate + phosphite triesters as solutes in benzene, J. Chem. Soc., 2948–2954, https://doi.org/10.1039/jr9640002948, 1964.
Arp, H. P. H., Goss, K. U., and Schwarzenbach, R. P.: Evaluation of a predictive model for air/surface adsorption equilibrium constants and enthalpies, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 25, 45–51, https://doi.org/10.1897/05-291r.1, 2006.
Arrhenius, S. A.: Über die Dissociationswärme und den Einflusß der Temperatur auf den Dissociationsgrad der Elektrolyte, Z. Phys. Chem., 4, 96–116, 1889a.
Arrhenius, S. A.: Über die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit bei der Inversion von Rohrzucker durch Säuren, Z. Phys. Chem., 4, 226–248, 1889b.
Artiglia, L., Edebeli, J., Orlando, F., Chen, S. Z., Lee, M. T., Arroyo, P. C., Gilgen, A., Bartels-Rausch, T., Kleibert, A., Vazdar, M., Carignano, M. A., Francisco, J. S., Shepson, P. B., Gladich, I., and Ammann, M.: A surface-stabilized ozonide triggers bromide oxidation at the aqueous solution-vapour interface, Nat. Commun., 8, 8, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-00823-x, 2017.
Asakawa, H., Sazaki, G., Nagashima, K., Nakatsubo, S., and Furukawa, Y.: Two types of quasi-liquid layers on ice crystals are formed kinetically, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 113, 1749–1753, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1521607113, 2016.
Auty, R. P. and Cole, R. H.: Dielectric properties of ice and solid D2O, J. Chem. Phys., 20, 1309–1314, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1700726, 1952.
Bak, K. L., Gauss, J., Helgaker, T., Jorgensen, P., and Olsen, J.: The accuracy of molecular dipole moments in standard electronic structure calculations, Chem. Phys. Lett., 319, 563–568, https://doi.org/10.1016/s0009-2614(00)00198-6, 2000.
Baron, M. and Arevalo, E. S.: Dipole-moment values from single-solution measurements, J. Chem. Educ., 65, 644–645, https://doi.org/10.1021/ed065p644, 1988.
Bartels-Rausch, T.: Ten things we need to know about ice and snow, Nature, 494, 27–29, https://doi.org/10.1038/494027a, 2013.
Bartels-Rausch, T., Huthwelker, T., Gaggeler, H. W., and Ammann, M.: Atmospheric pressure coated-wall flow-tube study of acetone adsorption on ice, J. Phys. Chem. A, 109, 4531–4539, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp045187l, 2005.
Bartels-Rausch, T., Jacobi, H.-W., Kahan, T. F., Thomas, J. L., Thomson, E. S., Abbatt, J. P. D., Ammann, M., Blackford, J. R., Bluhm, H., Boxe, C., Domine, F., Frey, M. M., Gladich, I., Guzmán, M. I., Heger, D., Huthwelker, Th., Klán, P., Kuhs, W. F., Kuo, M. H., Maus, S., Moussa, S. G., McNeill, V. F., Newberg, J. T., Pettersson, J. B. C., Roeselová, M., and Sodeau, J. R.: A review of air–ice chemical and physical interactions (AICI): liquids, quasi-liquids, and solids in snow, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 1587–1633, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1587-2014, 2014.
Bartels-Rausch, T., Orlando, F., Kong, X. R., Artiglia, L., and Ammann, M.: Experimental Evidence for the Formation of Solvation Shells by Soluble Species at a Nonuniform Air-Ice Interface, ACS Earth Space Chem., 1, 572–579, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.7b00077, 2017.
Bartels, T., Eichler, B., Zimmermann, P., Gäggeler, H. W., and Ammann, M.: The adsorption of nitrogen oxides on crystalline ice, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 2, 235–247, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2-235-2002, 2002.
Behr, P., Morris, J. R., Antman, M. D., Ringeisen, B. R., Splan, J. R., and Nathanson, G. M.: Reaction and desorption of HCl and HBr following collisions with supercooled sulfuric acid, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 1961–1964, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000gl012716, 2001.
Behr, P., Scharfenort, U., Ataya, K., and Zellner, R.: Dynamics and mass accommodation of HCl molecules on sulfuric acid-water surfaces, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 11, 8048–8055, https://doi.org/10.1039/b904629a, 2009.
Beller, M., Renken, A., and van Santen, R. A.: Catalysis: From Principles to Applications, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey, USA, ISBN 978-3-527-32349-4, 2012.
Berkemeier, T., Huisman, A. J., Ammann, M., Shiraiwa, M., Koop, T., and Pöschl, U.: Kinetic regimes and limiting cases of gas uptake and heterogeneous reactions in atmospheric aerosols and clouds: a general classification scheme, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 6663–6686, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-6663-2013, 2013.
Berkemeier, T., Steimer, S. S., Krieger, U. K., Peter, T., Pöschl, U., Ammann, M., and Shiraiwa, M.: Ozone uptake on glassy, semi-solid and liquid organic matter and the role of reactive oxygen intermediates in atmospheric aerosol chemistry, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 18, 12662–12674, https://doi.org/10.1039/c6cp00634e, 2016.
Berkemeier, T., Takeuchi, M., Eris, G., and Ng, N. L.: Kinetic modeling of formation and evaporation of secondary organic aerosol from NO3 oxidation of pure and mixed monoterpenes, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 15513–15535, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-15513-2020, 2020.
Berkemeier, T., Mishra, A., Mattei, C., Huisman, A. J., Krieger, U. K., and Poschl, U.: Ozonolysis of Oleic Acid Aerosol Revisited: Multiphase Chemical Kinetics and Reaction Mechanisms, ACS Earth Space Chem., 5, 3313–3323, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.1c00232, 2021.
Bertram, A. K., Martin, S. T., Hanna, S. J., Smith, M. L., Bodsworth, A., Chen, Q., Kuwata, M., Liu, A., You, Y., and Zorn, S. R.: Predicting the relative humidities of liquid-liquid phase separation, efflorescence, and deliquescence of mixed particles of ammonium sulfate, organic material, and water using the organic-to-sulfate mass ratio of the particle and the oxygen-to-carbon elemental ratio of the organic component, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 10995–11006, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-10995-2011, 2011.
Bishop, A. R., Girolami, G. S., and Nuzzo, R. G.: Structural models and thermal desorption energetics for multilayer assemblies of the n-alkanes on Pt(111), J. Phys. Chem. B, 104, 754–763, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp9926488, 2000.
Blank, M. and Ottewill, R. H.: Adsorption of aromatic vapors on water surfaces, J. Phys. Chem., 68, 2206–2211, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100790a030, 1964.
Bolis, V.: Fundamentals in Adsorption at the Solid-Gas Interface. Concepts and Thermodynamics, in: Calorimetry and Thermal Methods in Catalysis, edited by: Auroux, A., 154, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, 3–50, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-11954-5, 2013.
Bond, T. C., Doherty, S. J., Fahey, D. W., Forster, P. M., Berntsen, T., DeAngelo, B. J., Flanner, M. G., Ghan, S., Karcher, B., Koch, D., Kinne, S., Kondo, Y., Quinn, P. K., Sarofim, M. C., Schultz, M. G., Schulz, M., Venkataraman, C., Zhang, H., Zhang, S., Bellouin, N., Guttikunda, S. K., Hopke, P. K., Jacobson, M. Z., Kaiser, J. W., Klimont, Z., Lohmann, U., Schwarz, J. P., Shindell, D., Storelvmo, T., Warren, S. G., and Zender, C. S.: Bounding the role of black carbon in the climate system: A scientific assessment, J. Geophys. Res., 118, 5380–5552, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50171, 2013.
Borget, F., Chiavassa, T., Allouche, A., and Aycard, J. P.: Experimental and quantum study of adsorption of ozone (O3) on amorphous water ice film, J. Phys. Chem. B, 105, 449–454, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp001785y, 2001.
Borodin, D., Rahinov, I., Shirhatti, P. R., Huang, M., Kandratsenka, A., Auerbach, D. J., Zhong, T. L., Guo, H., Schwarzer, D., Kitsopoulos, T. N., and Wodtke, A. M.: Following the microscopic pathway to adsorption through chemisorption and physisorption wells, Science, 369, 1461–1465, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abc9581, 2020.
Borrmann, S., Solomon, S., Dye, J. E., and Luo, B. P.: The potential of cirrus clouds for heterogeneous chlorine activation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 2133–2136, 1996.
Bosque, R. and Sales, J.: Polarizabilities of solvents from the chemical composition, J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci., 42, 1154–1163, https://doi.org/10.1021/ci025528x, 2002.
Brastad, S. M., Albert, D. R., Huang, M. W., and Nathanson, G. M.: Collisions of DCl with a Solution Covered with Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Ions: Tetrahexylammonium Bromide in Glycerol, J. Phys. Chem. A, 113, 7422–7430, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp900232v, 2009.
Brini, E., Fennell, C. J., Fernandez-Serra, M., Hribar-Lee, B., Luksic, M., and Dill, K. A.: How Water's Properties Are Encoded in Its Molecular Structure and Energies, Chem. Rev., 117, 12385–12414, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00259, 2017.
Broderick, A., Rocha, M. A., Khalifa, Y., Shiflett, M. B., and Newberg, J. T.: Mass Transfer Thermodynamics through a Gas–Liquid Interface, J. Phys. Chem. B, 123, 2576–2584, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b00958, 2019.
Brown, D. E., George, S. M., Huang, C., Wong, E. K. L., Rider, K. B., Smith, R. S., and Kay, B. D.: H2O condensation coefficient and refractive index for vapor-deposited ice from molecular beam and optical interference measurements, J. Phys. Chem., 100, 4988–4995, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp952547j, 1996.
Bruant, R. G. and Conklin, M. H.: Adsorption of trichloroethene at the vapor/water interface, Environ. Sci. Technol., 35, 362–364, https://doi.org/10.1021/es000994t, 2001.
Bruant, R. G. and Conklin, M. H.: Adsorption of benzene and methyl-substituted benzenes at the vapor/water interface. 2. Single-component VHOC adsorption, J. Phys. Chem. B, 106, 2224–2231, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp0029156, 2002.
Bruska, M. K. and Piechota, J.: Density functional study of sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) and its hydrogen derivatives, Mol. Simul., 34, 1041–1050, https://doi.org/10.1080/08927020802258708, 2008.
Budi, A., Stipp, S. L. S., and Andersson, M. P.: Calculation of Entropy of Adsorption for Small Molecules on Mineral Surfaces, J. Phys. Chem. C, 122, 8236–8243, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b11860, 2018.
Caloz, F., Fenter, F. F., Tabor, K. D., and Rossi, M. J.: Paper I: Design and construction of a Knudsen-cell reactor for the study of heterogeneous reactions over the temperature range 130–750 K: Performances and limitations, Rev. Sci. Instrum., 68, 3172–3179, 1997.
Cambi, R., Cappelletti, D., Liuti, G., and Pirani, F.: Generalized correlations in terms of polarizability for vanderwaals interaction potential parameter calculations, J. Chem. Phys., 95, 1852–1861, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.461035, 1991.
Campbell, C. T., Sprowl, L. H., and Arnadottir, L.: Equilibrium Constants and Rate Constants for Adsorbates: Two-Dimensional (2D) Ideal Gas, 2D Ideal Lattice Gas, and Ideal Hindered Translator Models, J. Phys. Chem. C, 120, 10283–10297, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b00975, 2016.
Cao, X., Liu, C. L., Zhang, T. F., Xu, Q., Zhang, D. L., Liu, X. T., Jiao, H. J., Wen, X. D., Yang, Y., Li, Y. W., Niemantsverdriet, J. W., and Zhu, J. F.: Revisiting Oxygen Adsorption on Ir(100), J. Phys. Chem. C, 126, 10035–10044, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c01237, 2022.
Cappa, C. D., Onasch, T. B., Massoli, P., Worsnop, D. R., Bates, T. S., Cross, E. S., Davidovits, P., Hakala, J., Hayden, K. L., Jobson, B. T., Kolesar, K. R., Lack, D. A., Lerner, B. M., Li, S. M., Mellon, D., Nuaaman, I., Olfert, J. S., Petaja, T., Quinn, P. K., Song, C., Subramanian, R., Williams, E. J., and Zaveri, R. A.: Radiative Absorption Enhancements Due to the Mixing State of Atmospheric Black Carbon, Science, 337, 1078–1081, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1223447, 2012.
Carslaw, K. S., Peter, T., and Muller, R.: Uncertainties in reactive uptake coefficients for solid stratospheric particles – 2. Effect on ozone depletion, Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 1747–1750, https://doi.org/10.1029/97gl01684, 1997.
Chan, M. N., Zhang, H., Goldstein, A. H., and Wilson, K. R.: Role of Water and Phase in the Heterogeneous Oxidation of Solid and Aqueous Succinic Acid Aerosol by Hydroxyl Radicals, J. Phys. Chem. C, 118, 28978–28992, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp5012022, 2014.
Chandler, D.: Interfaces and the driving force of hydrophobic assembly, Nature, 437, 640–647, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04162, 2005.
Charnawskas, J. C., Alpert, P. A., Lambe, A. T., Berkemeier, T., O'Brien, R. E., Massoli, P., Onasch, T. B., Shiraiwa, M., Moffet, R. C., Gilles, M. K., Davidovits, P., Worsnop, D. R., and Knopf, D. A.: Condensed-phase biogenic-anthropogenic interactions with implications for cold cloud formation, Faraday Discuss., 200, 164–195, https://doi.org/10.1039/C7FD00010C, 2017.
Chickos, J. S. and Acree, W. E.: Enthalpies of vaporization of organic and organometallic compounds, 1880–2002, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 32, 519–878, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1529214, 2003.
China, S., Mazzoleni, C., Gorkowski, K., Aiken, A. C., and Dubey, M. K.: Morphology and mixing state of individual freshly emitted wildfire carbonaceous particles, Nat. Commun., 4, 2122, https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms3122, 2013.
Cho, H., Shepson, P. B., Barrie, L. A., Cowin, J. P., and Zaveri, R.: NMR investigation of the quasi-brine layer in ice/brine mixtures, J. Phys. Chem. B, 106, 11226–11232, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp020449+, 2002.
Chorkendorff, I. and Niemantsverdriet, J. W.: Concepts of Modern Catalysis and Kinetics, 2nd, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, 477 pp., ISBN 3527316728, 2007.
Chu, S. N., Sands, S., Tomasik, M. R., Lee, P. S., and McNeill, V. F.: Ozone Oxidation of Surface-Adsorbed Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Role of PAH-Surface Interaction, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 132, 15968–15975, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja1014772, 2010.
Collignon, B., Hoang, P. N. M., Picaud, S., and Rayez, J. C.: Ab initio study of the water adsorption on hydroxylated graphite surfaces, Chem. Phys. Lett., 406, 430–435, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2005.03.026, 2005.
Compernolle, S. and Müller, J.-F.: Henry's law constants of polyols, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 12815–12837, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-12815-2014, 2014.
Compernolle, S., Ceulemans, K., and Müller, J.-F.: EVAPORATION: a new vapour pressure estimation methodfor organic molecules including non-additivity and intramolecular interactions, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 9431–9450, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-9431-2011, 2011.
Crabtree, A. and Siman-Tov, M.: Thermophysical properties of saturated light and heavy water for advanced neutron source applications, Oak Ridge National LaboratoryORNL/TM-12322, https://doi.org/10.2172/6306919, 1993.
Crossley, J.: Dielectric relaxation of 1-butanol and 1-decanol in several solvents, J. Phys. Chem., 75, 1790–1794, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100681a005, 1971.
Crossley, J.: Dielectric-relaxation of 1-alkenes, J. Chem. Phys., 58, 5315–5318, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1679145, 1973.
Croteau, T., Bertram, A. K., and Patey, G. N.: Simulation of Water Adsorption on Kaolinite under Atmospheric Conditions, J. Phys. Chem. A, 113, 7826–7833, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp902453f, 2009.
Crowley, J. N., Ammann, M., Cox, R. A., Hynes, R. G., Jenkin, M. E., Mellouki, A., Rossi, M. J., Troe, J., and Wallington, T. J.: Evaluated kinetic and photochemical data for atmospheric chemistry: Volume V – heterogeneous reactions on solid substrates, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 9059–9223, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-9059-2010, 2010.
Crowley, J. N., Ammann, M., Cox, R. A., Hynes, R. G., Jenkin, M. E., Mellouki, A., Rossi, M. J., Troe, J., and Wallington, T. J.: Corrigendum to “Evaluated kinetic and photochemical data for atmospheric chemistry: Volume V – heterogeneous reactions on solid substrates” published in Atmos. Chem. Phys. 10, 9059–9223, 2010, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 7359–7359, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-7359-2013, 2013.
Cruzeiro, V. W. D., Galib, M., Limmer, D. T., and Gotz, A. W.: Uptake of N2O5 by aqueous aerosol unveiled using chemically accurate many-body potentials, Nat. Commun., 13, 7, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-28697-8, 2022.
Cussler, E. L.: Diffusion – Mass Transfer in Fluid Systems, ISBN 0521871212, 2009.
Cwiertny, D. M., Young, M. A., and Grassian, V. H.: Chemistry and photochemistry of mineral dust aerosol, Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem., 59, 27–51, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.physchem.59.032607.093630, 2008.
Daniels, D. J.: Ground Penetrating Radar, 2nd, The Institution of Engineering and Technology, London, United Kingdom, 726 pp., ISBN 978-0-86341-360-5, 2004.
Davidovits, P., Kolb, C. E., Williams, L. R., Jayne, J. T., and Worsnop, D. R.: Mass accommodation and chemical reactions at gas-liquid interfaces, Chem. Rev., 106, 1323–1354, https://doi.org/10.1021/cr040366k, 2006.
Davidovits, P., Kolb, C. E., Williams, L. R., Jayne, J. T., and Worsnop, D. R.: Update 1 of: Mass Accommodation and Chemical Reactions at Gas-Liquid Interfaces, Chem. Rev., 111, PR76-PR109, https://doi.org/10.1021/cr100360b, 2011.
Davies, J. F. and Wilson, K. R.: Nanoscale interfacial gradients formed by the reactive uptake of OH radicals onto viscous aerosol surfaces, Chem. Sci., 6, 7020–7027, https://doi.org/10.1039/c5sc02326b, 2015.
Delval, C. and Rossi, M. J.: Influence of monolayer amounts of HNO3 on the evaporation rate of H2O over ice in the range 179 to 208 K: A quartz crystal microbalance study, J. Phys. Chem. A, 109, 7151–7165, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp0505072, 2005.
Delval, C., Fluckiger, B., and Rossi, M. J.: The rate of water vapor evaporation from ice substrates in the presence of HCl and HBr: implications for the lifetime of atmospheric ice particles, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 3, 1131–1145, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-3-1131-2003, 2003.
Demou, E. and Donaldson, D. J.: Adsorption of atmospheric gases at the air-water interface. 4: The influence of salts, J. Phys. Chem. A, 106, 982–987, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp0128628, 2002.
Desjonqueres, M.-C. and Spanjaard, D.: Concepts in Surface Physics, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61400-2, 1996.
Devlin, J. P., Joyce, C., and Buch, V.: Infrared spectra and structures of large water clusters, J. Phys. Chem. A, 104, 1974–1977, 2000.
Dickbreder, T., Lautner, D., Kohler, A., Klausfering, L., Bechstein, R., and Kuhnle, A.: How water desorbs from calcite, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 25, 12694, https://doi.org/10.1039/d3cp01159c, 2023.
Donahue, N. M., Robinson, A. L., and Pandis, S. N.: Atmospheric organic particulate matter: From smoke to secondary organic aerosol, Atmos. Environ., 43, 94–106, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.09.055, 2009.
Donahue, N. M., Epstein, S. A., Pandis, S. N., and Robinson, A. L.: A two-dimensional volatility basis set: 1. organic-aerosol mixing thermodynamics, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 3303–3318, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-3303-2011, 2011.
Donahue, N. M., Kroll, J. H., Pandis, S. N., and Robinson, A. L.: A two-dimensional volatility basis set – Part 2: Diagnostics of organic-aerosol evolution, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 615–634, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-615-2012, 2012.
Donaldson, D. J.: Adsorption of atmospheric gases at the air-water interface. I. NH3, J. Phys. Chem. A, 103, 62–70, 1999.
Donaldson, D. J. and Anderson, D.: Adsorption of atmospheric gases at the air-water interface. 2. C1–C4 alcohols, acids, and acetone, J. Phys. Chem. A, 103, 871–876, 1999.
Donaldson, D. J., Guest, J. A., and Goh, M. C.: Evidence For Adsorbed SO2 At the Aqueous Air Interface, J. Phys. Chem., 99, 9313–9315, 1995.
Donaldson, D. J., Ammann, M., Bartels-Rausch, T., and Pöschl, U.: Standard States and Thermochemical Kinetics in Heterogeneous Atmospheric Chemistry, J. Phys. Chem. A, 116, 6312–6316, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp212015g, 2012a.
Donaldson, D. J., Ammann, M., Bartels-Rausch, T., and Pöschl, U.: Standard States and Thermochemical Kinetics in Heterogeneous Atmospheric Chemistry, J. Phys. Chem. A, 116, 6312–6316, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp212015g, 2012b.
Dovbeshko, G. I., Romanyuk, V. R., Pidgirnyi, D. V., Cherepanov, V. V., Andreev, E. O., Levin, V. M., Kuzhir, P. P., Kaplas, T., and Svirko, Y. P.: Optical Properties of Pyrolytic Carbon Films Versus Graphite and Graphene, Nanoscale Res. Lett., 10, 234, https://doi.org/10.1186/s11671-015-0946-8, 2015.
Dubois, L. H., Zegarski, B. R., and Nuzzo, R. G.: Fundamental-studies of microscopic wetting on organic-surfaces. 2. interaction of secondary adsorbates with chemically textured organic monolayers, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 112, 570–579, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00158a013, 1990.
Edebeli, J., Ammann, M., and Bartels-Rausch, T.: Microphysics of the aqueous bulk counters the water activity driven rate acceleration of bromide oxidation by ozone from 289–245 K, Environ. Sci.-Process Impacts, 21, 63–73, https://doi.org/10.1039/c8em00417j, 2019.
Edwards, K. C., Klodt, A. L., Galeazzo, T., Schervish, M., Wei, J. L., Fang, T., Donahue, N. M., Aumont, B., Nizkorodov, S. A., and Shiraiwa, M.: Effects of Nitrogen Oxides on the Production of Reactive Oxygen Species and Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals from alpha-Pinene and Naphthalene Secondary Organic Aerosols, J. Phys. Chem. A, 126, 7361–7372, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpca.2c05532, 2022.
Ekholm, V., Caleman, C., Prytz, N. B., Walz, M. M., Werner, J., Ohrwall, G., Rubensson, J. E., and Bjorneholm, O.: Strong enrichment of atmospherically relevant organic ions at the aqueous interface: the role of ion pairing and cooperative effects, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 20, 27185–27191, https://doi.org/10.1039/c8cp04525a, 2018.
Epstein, S. A., Riipinen, I., and Donahue, N. M.: A Semiempirical Correlation between Enthalpy of Vaporization and Saturation Concentration for Organic Aerosol, Environ. Sci. Technol., 44, 743–748, https://doi.org/10.1021/es902497z, 2010.
Fan, H. Y., Lakey, P. S. J., Frank, E. S., Tobias, D. J., Shiraiwa, M., and Grassian, V. H.: Comparison of the Adsorption-Desorption Kinetics of Limonene and Carvone on TiO2 and SiO2 Surfaces under Different Relative Humidity Conditions, J. Phys. Chem. C, 126, 21253–21262, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c06853, 2022.
Fang, Y., Riahi, S., McDonald, A. T., Shrestha, M., Tobias, D. J., and Grassian, V. H.: What Is the Driving Force behind the Adsorption of Hydrophobic Molecules on Hydrophilic Surfaces?, J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 10, 468–473, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b03484, 2019.
Faust, J. A. and Nathanson, G. M.: Microjets and coated wheels: versatile tools for exploring collisions and reactions at gas-liquid interfaces, Chem. Soc. Rev., 45, 3609–3620, https://doi.org/10.1039/c6cs00079g, 2016.
Faust, J. A., Dempsey, L. P., and Nathanson, G. M.: Surfactant-Promoted Reactions of Cl2 and Br2 with Br− in Glycerol, J. Phys. Chem. B, 117, 12602–12612, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp4079037, 2013.
Faust, J. A., Sobyra, T. B., and Nathanson, G. M.: Gas-Microjet Reactive Scattering: Collisions of HCl and DCl with Cool Salty Water, J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 7, 730–735, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b02848, 2016.
Fichthorn, K. A. and Miron, R. A.: Thermal desorption of large molecules from solid surfaces, Phys. Rev. Lett., 89, 4, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.196103, 2002.
Finlayson-Pitts, B. J. and Pitts, J. N.: Chemistry of the Upper and Lower Atmosphere: Theory, Experiments and Applications, Academic Press, San Diego, Calif., London, xxii, 969 pp., ISBN 012257060X, 2000.
Fogg, P. G. T. and Sangster, J. M.: Chemicals in the Atmosphere: Solubility, Sources and Reactivity, John Wiley & Sons Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey, ISBN 978-0-471-98651-5, 2003.
Foster, M. C. and Ewing, G. E.: Adsorption of water on the NaCl(001) surface. II. An infrared study at ambient temperatures, J. Chem. Phys., 112, 6817–6826, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.481256, 2000.
Frenkel, J.: Theory of the adsorption and related occurrences, Z. Phys., 26, 117–138, https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01327320, 1924.
Fuchs, N. A.: Mechanics of Aerosols, Pergamon, New York, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49709138822, 1964.
Fuchs, N. A. and Sutugin, A. G.: High-dispersed aerosols, in: Topics in current aerosol research, edited by: Hidy, G. M. and Brock, J. R., Pergamon, New York, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-016674-2.50006-6, 1971.
Galeazzo, T. and Shiraiwa, M.: Predicting glass transition temperature and melting point of organic compounds via machine learning and molecular embeddings, Environ. Sci. – Atmospheres, 2, 362–374, https://doi.org/10.1039/d1ea00090j, 2022.
Galib, M. and Limmer, D. T.: Reactive uptake of N2O5 by atmospheric aerosol is dominated by interfacial processes, Science, 371, 921–925, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abd7716, 2021.
Gao, X. F. and Nathanson, G. M.: Exploring Gas-Liquid Reactions with Microjets: Lessons We Are Learning, Accounts Chem. Res., 55, 3294–3302, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00602, 2022.
George, C., Ammann, M., D'Anna, B., Donaldson, D. J., and Nizkorodov, S. A.: Heterogeneous Photochemistry in the Atmosphere, Chem. Rev., 115, 4218–4258, https://doi.org/10.1021/cr500648z, 2015.
George, I. J. and Abbatt, J. P. D.: Heterogeneous oxidation of atmospheric aerosol particles by gas-phase radicals, Nat. Chem., 2, 713–722, https://doi.org/10.1038/Nchem.806, 2010.
Giguere, P. A.: Molecular association and structure of hydrogen-peroxide, J. Chem. Educ., 60, 399–401, https://doi.org/10.1021/ed060p399, 1983.
Giraudet, S., Pre, P., Tezel, H., and Le Cloirec, P.: Estimation of adsorption energies using physical characteristics of activated carbons and VOCs' molecular properties, Carbon, 44, 1873–1883, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2006.02.018, 2006.
Goldstein, D. J.: Air and steam stripping of toxic pollutants, Appendix 3: Henry’s law constants, Tech. Rep. EPA-68-03-002, 114, Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH, USA, 1982.
Goodman, A. L., Bernard, E. T., and Grassian, V. H.: Spectroscopic study of nitric acid and water adsorption on oxide particles: Enhanced nitric acid uptake kinetics in the presence of adsorbed water, J. Phys. Chem. A, 105, 6443–6457, 2001.
Goss, K. U.: Adsorption of organic vapors on ice and quartz sand at temperatures below 0 °C, Environ. Sci. Technol., 27, 2826–2830, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00049a024, 1993.
Goss, K. U.: Adsorption of organic vapors on polar mineral surfaces and on a bulk water-surface – development of an empirical predictive model, Environ. Sci. Technol., 28, 640–645, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00053a017, 1994a.
Goss, K. U.: Predicting the enrichment of organic-compounds in fog caused by adsorption on the water-surface, Atmos. Environ., 28, 3513–3517, https://doi.org/10.1016/1352-2310(94)90008-6, 1994b.
Goss, K. U.: Predicting Adsorption of Organic Chemicals at the Air-Water Interface, J. Phys. Chem. A, 113, 12256–12259, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp907347p, 2009.
Goss, K. U. and Eisenreich, S. J.: Adsorption of VOCs from the gas phase to different minerals and a mineral mixture, Environ. Sci. Technol., 30, 2135–2142, https://doi.org/10.1021/es950508f, 1996.
Grabow, J. U., Andrews, A. M., Fraser, G. T., Irikura, K. K., Suenram, R. D., Lovas, F. J., Lafferty, W. J., and Domenech, J. L.: Microwave spectrum, large-amplitude motions, and ab initio calculations for N2O5, J. Chem. Phys., 105, 7249–7262, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.472586, 1996.
Grayson, J. W., Evoy, E., Song, M., Chu, Y., Maclean, A., Nguyen, A., Upshur, M. A., Ebrahimi, M., Chan, C. K., Geiger, F. M., Thomson, R. J., and Bertram, A. K.: The effect of hydroxyl functional groups and molar mass on the viscosity of non-crystalline organic and organic–water particles, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 8509–8524, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-8509-2017, 2017.
Grimm, R. L., Barrentine, N. M., Knox, C. J. H., and Hemminger, J. C.: D2O water interaction with mixed alkane thiol monolayers of tuned hydrophobic and hydrophilic character, J. Phys. Chem. C, 112, 890–894, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp710257q, 2008.
Groves, L. G. and Sudden, S.: The dipole moments of vapours – Part V Aromatic compounds, J. Chem. Soc., 1782–1784, https://doi.org/10.1039/jr9370001782, 1937.
Guilloteau, A., Bedjanian, Y., Nguyen, M. L., and Tomas, A.: Desorption of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from a Soot Surface: Three- to Five-Ring PAHs, J. Phys. Chem. A, 114, 942–948, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp908862c, 2010.
Guilloteau, A., Nguyen, M. L., Bedjanian, Y., and Le Bras, G.: Desorption of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Soot Surface: Pyrene and Fluoranthene, J. Phys. Chem. A, 112, 10552–10559, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp803043s, 2008.
Gussoni, M., Rui, M., and Zerbi, G.: Electronic and relaxation contribution to linear molecular polarizability. An analysis of the experimental values, J. Mol. Struct., 447, 163–215, https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-2860(97)00292-5, 1998.
Gustafsson, K. and Andersson, S.: Dipole active vibrations and dipole moments of N2 and O2 physisorbed on a metal surface, J. Chem. Phys., 125, 5, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2218842, 2006.
Hai, P., Wu, C., Ding, X., and Li, Y.: Coverage-dependent adsorption and dissociation of H2O on Al surfaces, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 25, 13041, https://doi.org/10.1039/d2cp04386f, 2023.
Hait, D. and Head-Gordon, M.: How accurate are static polarizability predictions from density functional theory? An assessment over 132 species at equilibrium geometry, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 20, 19800–19810, https://doi.org/10.1039/c8cp03569e, 2018.
Hakem, I. F., Boussaid, A., Benchouk-Taleb, H., and Bockstaller, M. R.: Temperature, pressure, and isotope effects on the structure and properties of liquid water: A lattice approach, J. Chem. Phys., 127, 10, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2804418, 2007.
Hall, D. G. and Cole, R. H.: Dielectric polarization of sulfuric-acid-solutions, J. Phys. Chem., 85, 1065–1069, https://doi.org/10.1021/j150608a029, 1981.
Hallquist, M., Wenger, J. C., Baltensperger, U., Rudich, Y., Simpson, D., Claeys, M., Dommen, J., Donahue, N. M., George, C., Goldstein, A. H., Hamilton, J. F., Herrmann, H., Hoffmann, T., Iinuma, Y., Jang, M., Jenkin, M. E., Jimenez, J. L., Kiendler-Scharr, A., Maenhaut, W., McFiggans, G., Mentel, Th. F., Monod, A., Prévôt, A. S. H., Seinfeld, J. H., Surratt, J. D., Szmigielski, R., and Wildt, J.: The formation, properties and impact of secondary organic aerosol: current and emerging issues, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 5155–5236, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-5155-2009, 2009.
Hanefeld, U. and Lefferts, L.: Catalysis, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey, USA, 384 pp., ISBN 978-3-527-81092-5, 2018.
Hanson, D. R.: Surface-specific reactions on liquids, J. Phys. Chem. B, 101, 4998–5001, 1997.
Hanson, D. R. and Lovejoy, E. R.: The Reaction of CIONO2 With Submicrometer Sulfuric-Acid Aerosol, Science, 267, 1326–1328, 1995.
Hanson, D. R. and Ravishankara, A. R.: The Loss of CF2O On Ice, Nat, and Sulfuric-Acid-Solutions, Geophys. Res. Lett., 18, 1699–1701, 1991.
Hanson, D. R., Ravishankara, A. R., and Solomon, S.: Heterogeneous Reactions in Sulfuric-Acid Aerosols – a Framework For Model-Calculations, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 3615–3629, 1994.
Hanson, D. R., Ravishankara, A. R., and Lovejoy, E. R.: Reaction of BrONO2 with H2O on submicron sulfuric acid aerosol and the implications for the lower stratosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 9063–9069, 1996.
Hantal, G., Jedlovszky, P., Hoang, P. N. M., and Picaud, S.: Calculation of the adsorption isotherm of formaldehyde on ice by grand canonical Monte Carlo simulation, J. Phys. Chem. C, 111, 14170–14178, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp0742564, 2007.
Hao, H. X., Leven, I., and Head-Gordon, T.: Can electric fields drive chemistry for an aqueous microdroplet?, Nat. Commun., 13, 8, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-27941-x, 2022.
Hartkopf, A. and Karger, B. L.: Study of interfacial properties of water by gas-chromatography, Accounts Chem. Res., 6, 209–216, https://doi.org/10.1021/ar50066a006, 1973.
Hauxwell, F. and Ottewill, R. H.: Adsorption of toluene vapor on water surfaces, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 28, 514–521, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9797(68)90084-2, 1968.
Hearn, J. D. and Smith, G. A.: Ozonolysis of mixed oleic acid/n-docosane particles: The roles of phase, morphology, and metastable states, J. Phys. Chem. A, 111, 11059–11065, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp0755701, 2007.
Helburn, R., Albritton, J., Howe, G., Michael, L., and Franke, D.: Henry's law constants for fragrance and organic solvent compounds in aqueous industrial surfactants, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 53, 1071–1079, https://doi.org/10.1021/je700418a, 2008.
Hems, R. F., Schnitzler, E. G., Liu-Kang, C., Cappa, C. D., and Abbatt, J. P. D.: Aging of Atmospheric Brown Carbon Aerosol, ACS Earth Space Chem., 5, 722–748, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.0c00346, 2021.
Henderson, G. L. and Meyer, G. H.: Intramolecular torsional potential and dielectric properties of 2,3-butanedione, J. Phys. Chem., 80, 2422–2425, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100562a020, 1976.
Hickey, A. L. and Rowley, C. N.: Benchmarking Quantum Chemical Methods for the Calculation of Molecular Dipole Moments and Polarizabilities, J. Phys. Chem. A, 118, 3678–3687, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp502475e, 2014.
Hildebrand, J. and Scott, R.: The solubility of nonelectrolytes, 3rd ed., Dover Publications, New York, 502 pp., ISBN 0486611256, 1964.
Hill, T. L.: An Introduction to Statistical Thermodynamics, Dover Publications, Inc., New York, 501 pp., ISBN 0486652424, 1986.
Hoffmann, M. R. and Edwards, J. O.: Kinetics of oxidation of sulfite by hydrogen-peroxide in acidic solution, J. Phys. Chem., 79, 2096–2098, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100587a005, 1975.
Hoffmann, M. R., Martin, S. T., Choi, W. Y., and Bahnemann, D. W.: Environmental Applications of Semiconductor Photocatalysis, Chem. Rev., 95, 69–96, https://doi.org/10.1021/cr00033a004, 1995.
Hoose, C. and Möhler, O.: Heterogeneous ice nucleation on atmospheric aerosols: a review of results from laboratory experiments, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 9817–9854, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-9817-2012, 2012.
Hoskovec, M., Grygarova, D., Cvacka, J., Streinz, L., Zima, J., Verevkin, S. P., and Koutek, B.: Determining the vapour pressures of plant volatiles from gas chromatographic retention data, J. Chromatogr. A, 1083, 161–172, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2005.06.006, 2005.
Houle, F. A., Wiegel, A. A., and Wilson, K. R.: Predicting Aerosol Reactivity Across Scales: from the Laboratory to the Atmosphere, Environ. Sci. Technol., 52, 13774–13781, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b04688, 2018.
Hu, Z. M. and Nakatsuji, H.: Adsorption and disproportionation reaction of OH on Ag surfaces: dipped adcluster model study, Surf. Sci., 425, 296–312, https://doi.org/10.1016/s0039-6028(99)00215-0, 1999.
Huang, Y. Z., Mahrt, F., Xu, S., Shiraiwa, M., Zuend, A., and Bertram, A. K.: Coexistence of three liquid phases in individual atmospheric aerosol particles, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 118, 9, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2102512118, 2021.
Huthwelker, T., Ammann, M., and Peter, T.: The uptake of acidic gases on ice, Chem. Rev., 106, 1375–1444, https://doi.org/10.1021/cr020506v, 2006.
Hvidt, A.: Interactions of water with non-polar solutes, Annu. Rev. Biophys. Bio., 12, 1–20, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.bb.12.060183.000245, 1983.
Ibrahim, S., Romanias, M. N., Alleman, L. Y., Zeineddine, M. N., Angeli, G. K., Trikalitis, P. N., and Thevenet, F.: Water Interaction with Mineral Dust Aerosol: Particle Size and Hygroscopic Properties of Dust, ACS Earth Space Chem., 2, 376–386, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.7b00152, 2018.
Ingram, S., Rovelli, G., Song, Y. C., Topping, D., Dutcher, C. S., Liu, S. H., Nandy, L., Shiraiwa, M., and Reid, J. P.: Accurate Prediction of Organic Aerosol Evaporation Using Kinetic Multilayer Modeling and the Stokes-Einstein Equation, J. Phys. Chem. A, 125, 3444–3456, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpca.1c00986, 2021.
Isaacman-VanWertz, G., Massoli, P., O'Brien, R., Lim, C., Franklin, J. P., Moss, J. A., Hunter, J. F., Nowak, J. B., Canagaratna, M. R., Misztal, P. K., Arata, C., Roscioli, J. R., Herndon, S. T., Onasch, T. B., Lambe, A. T., Jayne, J. T., Su, L., Knopf, D. A., Goldstein, A. H., Worsnop, D. R., and Kroll, J. H.: Chemical evolution of atmospheric organic carbon over multiple generations of oxidation, Nat. Chem., 10, 462–468, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41557-018-0002-2, 2018.
Isakson, M. J. and Sitz, G. O.: Adsorption and desorption of HCl on ice, J. Phys. Chem. A, 103, 2044–2049, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp984106g, 1999.
IUPAC, McNaught, A. D., and Wilkinson, A. (Eds.): Compendium of Chemical Terminology, (the “Gold Book”), 2nd, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook, 1997.
Jayne, J. T., Davidovits, P., Worsnop, D. R., Zahniser, M. S., and Kolb, C. E.: Uptake of SO2(g) By Aqueous Surfaces As a Function of Ph – the Effect of Chemical-Reaction At the Interface, J. Phys. Chem., 94, 6041–6048, 1990.
Jeffrey, G. A.: An Introduction to Hydrogen Bonding, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 303 pp., ISBN 0195095499, 1997.
Jeffrey, G. A. and Saenger, W.: Hydrogen Bonding in Biological Structures,, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 569 pp., https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-85135-3, 1991.
Jensen, L., Astrand, P. O., Osted, A., Kongsted, J., and Mikkelsen, K. V.: Polarizability of molecular clusters as calculated by a dipole interaction model, J. Chem. Phys., 116, 4001–4010, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1433747, 2002.
Jeong, D., McNamara, S. M., Barget, A. J., Raso, A. R. W., Upchurch, L. M., Thanekar, S., Quinn, P. K., Simpson, W. R., Fuentes, J. D., Shepson, P. B., and Pratt, K. A.: Multiphase Reactive Bromine Chemistry during Late Spring in the Arctic: Measurements of Gases, Particles, and Snow, ACS Earth Space Chem., 6, 2877–2887, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.2c00189, 2022.
Jimenez, J. L., Canagaratna, M. R., Donahue, N. M., Prevot, A. S. H., Zhang, Q., Kroll, J. H., DeCarlo, P. F., Allan, J. D., Coe, H., Ng, N. L., Aiken, A. C., Docherty, K. S., Ulbrich, I. M., Grieshop, A. P., Robinson, A. L., Duplissy, J., Smith, J. D., Wilson, K. R., Lanz, V. A., Hueglin, C., Sun, Y. L., Tian, J., Laaksonen, A., Raatikainen, T., Rautiainen, J., Vaattovaara, P., Ehn, M., Kulmala, M., Tomlinson, J. M., Collins, D. R., Cubison, M. J., Dunlea, E. J., Huffman, J. A., Onasch, T. B., Alfarra, M. R., Williams, P. I., Bower, K., Kondo, Y., Schneider, J., Drewnick, F., Borrmann, S., Weimer, S., Demerjian, K., Salcedo, D., Cottrell, L., Griffin, R., Takami, A., Miyoshi, T., Hatakeyama, S., Shimono, A., Sun, J. Y., Zhang, Y. M., Dzepina, K., Kimmel, J. R., Sueper, D., Jayne, J. T., Herndon, S. C., Trimborn, A. M., Williams, L. R., Wood, E. C., Middlebrook, A. M., Kolb, C. E., Baltensperger, U., and Worsnop, D. R.: Evolution of Organic Aerosols in the Atmosphere, Science, 326, 1525–1529, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1180353, 2009.
Joback, K. G. and Reid, R. C.: Estimation of pure-component properties from group-contributions, Chem. Eng. Commun., 57, 233–243, https://doi.org/10.1080/00986448708960487, 1987.
Johansson, S. M., Lovric, J., Kong, X. R., Thomson, E. S., Papagiannakopoulos, P., Briquez, S., Toubin, C., and Pettersson, J. B. C.: Understanding water interactions with organic surfaces: environmental molecular beam and molecular dynamics studies of the water-butanol system, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 21, 1141–1151, https://doi.org/10.1039/c8cp04151b, 2019.
Johansson, S. M., Lovric, J., Kong, X. R., Thomson, E. S., Hallquist, M., and Pettersson, J. B. C.: Experimental and Computational Study of Molecular Water Interactions with Condensed Nopinone Surfaces Under Atmospherically Relevant Conditions, J. Phys. Chem. A, 124, 3652–3661, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpca.9b10970, 2020.
Joliat, J., Lenoir, T., and Picaud, S.: Comparative Study of the Adsorption of 1-and 2-Propanol on Ice by Means of Grand Canonical Monte Carlo Simulations, ACS Earth Space Chem., 7, 850-−862, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.2c00390, 2023.
Julin, J., Shiraiwa, M., Miles, R. E. H., Reid, J. P., Pöschl, U., and Riipinen, I.: Mass Accommodation of Water: Bridging the Gap Between Molecular Dynamics Simulations and Kinetic Condensation Models, J. Phys. Chem. A, 117, 410–420, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp310594e, 2013.
Jungwirth, P., Finlayson-Pitts, B. J., and Tobias, D. J.: Introduction: Structure and chemistry at aqueous interfaces, Chem. Rev., 106, 1137–1139, 2006.
Kahan, T. F., Kwamena, N. O. A., and Donaldson, D. J.: Heterogeneous ozonation kinetics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on organic films, Atmos. Environ., 40, 3448–3459, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.02.004, 2006.
Kaiser, J. C., Riemer, N., and Knopf, D. A.: Detailed heterogeneous oxidation of soot surfaces in a particle-resolved aerosol model, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 4505–4520, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-4505-2011, 2011.
Kanakidou, M., Seinfeld, J. H., Pandis, S. N., Barnes, I., Dentener, F. J., Facchini, M. C., Van Dingenen, R., Ervens, B., Nenes, A., Nielsen, C. J., Swietlicki, E., Putaud, J. P., Balkanski, Y., Fuzzi, S., Horth, J., Moortgat, G. K., Winterhalter, R., Myhre, C. E. L., Tsigaridis, K., Vignati, E., Stephanou, E. G., and Wilson, J.: Organic aerosol and global climate modelling: a review, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 1053–1123, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-1053-2005, 2005.
Kanji, Z. A., Ladino, L. A., Wex, H., Boose, Y., Burkert-Kohn, M., Cziczo, D. J., and Krämer, M.: Overview of Ice Nucleating Particles, in: Ice Formation and Evolution in Clouds and Precipitation: Measurement and Modeling Challenges, Meteorological Monographs, American Meteorological Society, 58, 1.1–1.33, https://doi.org/10.1175/AMSMONOGRAPHS-D-16-0006.1, 2017.
Kerbrat, M., Huthwelker, T., Gaggeler, H. W., and Ammann, M.: Interaction of Nitrous Acid with Polycrystalline Ice: Adsorption on the Surface and Diffusion into the Bulk, J. Phys. Chem. C, 114, 2208–2219, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp909535c, 2010.
Keyser, L. F., Moore, S. B., and Leu, M. T.: Surface-Reaction and Pore Diffusion in Flow-Tube Reactors, J. Phys. Chem., 95, 5496–5502, 1991.
Kieckbusch, T. G. and King, C. J.: Partition-coefficients for acetates in food systems, J. Agric. Food Chem., 27, 504–507, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60223a033, 1979.
Kim, Y. K., Park, S. C., Kim, J. H., Lee, C. W., and Kang, H.: Interaction of Carbon Dioxide and Hydroxide Ion at the Surface of Ice Films, J. Phys. Chem. C, 112, 18104–18109, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp806643e, 2008.
Kisliuk, P.: The sticking probabilities of gases chemisorbed on the surfaces of solids, J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 3, 95–101, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3697(57)90054-9, 1957.
Kisliuk, P.: The sticking probabilities of gases chemisorbed on the surfaces of solids. 2, J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 5, 78–84, 1958.
Klassen, J. K., Fiehrer, K. M., and Nathanson, G. M.: Collisions of organic molecules with concentrated sulfuric acid: Scattering, trapping, and desorption, J. Phys. Chem. B, 101, 9098–9106, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp972329l, 1997.
Klassen, J. K., Hu, Z. J., and Williams, L. R.: Diffusion coefficients for HCl and HBr in 30 wt % to 72 wt % sulfuric acid at temperatures between 220 and 300 K, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 103, 16197–16202, https://doi.org/10.1029/98jd01252, 1998.
Knopf, D. A. and Alpert, P. A.: Atmospheric ice nucleation, Nat. Rev. Phys., 5, 203–217, https://doi.org/10.1038/s42254-023-00570-7, 2023.
Knopf, D. A. and Ammann, M.: Technical note: Adsorption and desorption equilibria from statistical thermodynamics and rates from transition state theory, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 15725–15753, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15725-2021, 2021.
Knopf, D. A. and Koop, T.: Heterogeneous nucleation of ice on surrogates of mineral dust, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D12201, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005jd006894, 2006.
Knopf, D. A., Anthony, L. M., and Bertram, A. K.: Reactive uptake of O3 by multicomponent and multiphase mixtures containing oleic acid, J. Phys. Chem. A, 109, 5579–5589, 2005.
Knopf, D. A., Forrester, S. M., and Slade, J. H.: Heterogeneous oxidation kinetics of organic biomass burning aerosol surrogates by O3, NO2, N2O5, and NO3, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 13, 21050–21062, https://doi.org/10.1039/C1cp22478f, 2011.
Knopf, D. A., Pöschl, U., and Shiraiwa, M.: Radial Diffusion and Penetration of Gas Molecules and Aerosol Particles through Laminar Flow Reactors, Denuders, and Sampling Tubes, Anal. Chem., 87, 3746–3754, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac5042395, 2015.
Knopf, D. A., Alpert, P. A., and Wang, B.: The Role of Organic Aerosol in Atmospheric Ice Nucleation: A Review, ACS Earth Space Chem., 2, 168–202, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.7b00120, 2018.
Knopf, D. A., Ammann, M., Berkemeier, T., Pöschl, U., and Shiraiwa, M.: Desorption Lifetimes and Activation Energies influencing Gas-Surface Interactions and Multiphase Chemical Kinetics, Zenodo [data set], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8417534, 2024.
Knox, C. J. H. and Phillips, L. F.: Capillary-wave model of gas-liquid exchange, J. Phys. Chem. B, 102, 8469–8472, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp973183t, 1998.
Koch, T. G. and Rossi, M. J.: Direct measurement of surface residence times: Nitryl chloride and chlorine nitrate on alkali halides at room temperature, J. Phys. Chem. A, 102, 9193–9201, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp982539d, 1998a.
Koch, T. G. and Rossi, M. J.: Direct measurement of surface residence times: Nitryl chloride and chlorine nitrate on alkali halides at room temperature, J. Phys. Chem. A, 102, 9193–9201, 1998b.
Koch, T. G., Fenter, F. F., and Rossi, M. J.: Real-time measurement of residence times of gas molecules on solid surfaces, Chem. Phys. Lett., 275, 253–260, 1997.
Kolasinski, K. W.: Surface Science: Foundations of Catalysis and Nanoscience, 3rd, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., West Sussex, United Kingdom, 556 pp., https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119941798, 2012.
Kolb, C. E., Cox, R. A., Abbatt, J. P. D., Ammann, M., Davis, E. J., Donaldson, D. J., Garrett, B. C., George, C., Griffiths, P. T., Hanson, D. R., Kulmala, M., McFiggans, G., Pöschl, U., Riipinen, I., Rossi, M. J., Rudich, Y., Wagner, P. E., Winkler, P. M., Worsnop, D. R., and O' Dowd, C. D.: An overview of current issues in the uptake of atmospheric trace gases by aerosols and clouds, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 10561–10605, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-10561-2010, 2010.
Kolb, C. E., Worsnop, D. R., Zahniser, M. S., Davidovits, P., Keyser, L. F., Leu, M.-T., Molina, M. J., Hanson, D. R., Ravishankara, A. R., Williams, L. R., and Tolbert, M. A.: Laboratory Studies of Atmospheric Heterogeneous Chemistry, in: Progress and Problems in Atmospheric Chemistry, edited by: Barker, J. R., World Scientific, Singapore, 771–875, ISBN 978-981-02-1868-3, 1995.
Kolomiitsova, T. D., Lyaptsev, A. V., and Shchepkin, D. N.: Determination of parameters of the dipole moment of the CO2 molecule, Opt. Spectrosc., 88, 648–660, https://doi.org/10.1134/1.626856, 2000.
Kong, X. R., Thomson, E. S., Markovic, N., and Pettersson, J. B. C.: Dynamics and Kinetics of Methanol-Graphite Interactions at Low Surface Coverage, ChemPhysChem, 20, 2171–2178, https://doi.org/10.1002/cphc.201900457, 2019.
Kong, X. R., Lovri, J., Johansson, S. M., Prisle, N. L., and Pettersson, J. B. C.: Dynamics and Sorption Kinetics of Methanol Monomers and Clusters on Nopinone Surfaces, J. Phys. Chem. A, 125, 6263–6272, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpca.1c02309, 2021.
Kong, X. R., Papagiannakopoulos, P., Thomson, E. S., Markovic, N., and Pettersson, J. B. C.: Water Accommodation and Desorption Kinetics on Ice, J. Phys. Chem. A, 118, 3973–3979, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp503504e, 2014a.
Kong, X. R., Thomson, E. S., Papagiannakopoulos, P., Johansson, S. M., and Pettersson, J. B. C.: Water Accommodation on Ice and Organic Surfaces: Insights from Environmental Molecular Beam Experiments, J. Phys. Chem. B, 118, 13378–13386, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp5044046, 2014b.
Kong, X. R., Waldner, A., Orlando, F., Artiglia, L., Huthwelker, T., Ammann, M., and Bartels-Rausch, T.: Coexistence of Physisorbed and Solvated HCI at Warm Ice Surfaces, J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 8, 4757–4762, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b01573, 2017.
Koop, T., Carslaw, K. S., and Peter, T.: Thermodynamic stability and phase transitions of PSC particles, Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 2199–2202, 1997.
Koop, T., Bookhold, J., Shiraiwa, M., and Poeschl, U.: Glass transition and phase state of organic compounds: dependency on molecular properties and implications for secondary organic aerosols in the atmosphere, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 13, 19238–19255, https://doi.org/10.1039/c1cp22617g, 2011.
Kroll, J. H., Donahue, N. M., Jimenez, J. L., Kessler, S. H., Canagaratna, M. R., Wilson, K. R., Altieri, K. E., Mazzoleni, L. R., Wozniak, A. S., Bluhm, H., Mysak, E. R., Smith, J. D., Kolb, C. E., and Worsnop, D. R.: Carbon oxidation state as a metric for describing the chemistry of atmospheric organic aerosol, Nat. Chem., 3, 133–139, https://doi.org/10.1038/nchem.948, 2011.
Kronberg, B.: The hydrophobic effect, Curr. Opin. Colloid Interface Sci., 22, 14–22, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cocis.2016.02.001, 2016.
Kronberger, H. and Weiss, J.: Formation and structure of some organic molecular compounds. Part III. The dielectric polarisation of some solid crystalline molecular compounds, J. Chem. Soc., 464–469, https://doi.org/10.1039/jr9440000464, 1944.
Kuhne, R., Ebert, R. U., and Schuurmann, G.: Prediction of the temperature dependency of Henry's law constant from chemical structure, Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 6705–6711, https://doi.org/10.1021/es050527h, 2005.
Kwamena, N. O. A., Thornton, J. A., and Abbatt, J. P. D.: Kinetics of surface-bound benzo a pyrene and ozone on solid organic and salt aerosols, J. Phys. Chem. A, 108, 11626–11634, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp046161x, 2004.
Laib, J. P. and Mittleman, D. M.: Temperature-Dependent Terahertz Spectroscopy of Liquid n-alkanes, J. Infrared Millim. Terahertz Waves, 31, 1015–1021, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10762-010-9678-0, 2010.
Laidler, K. J.: The mechanisms of some elementary surface reactions, J. Phys. Colloid Chem., 53, 712–732, https://doi.org/10.1021/j150470a010, 1949.
Laidler, K. J., Glasstone, S., and Eyring, H.: Application of the Theory of Absolute Reaction Rates to Heterogeneous Processes II. Chemical Reactions on Surfaces, J. Chem. Phys., 8, 667–676, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1750737, 1940.
Lakey, P. S. J., Berkemeier, T., Krapf, M., Dommen, J., Steimer, S. S., Whalley, L. K., Ingham, T., Baeza-Romero, M. T., Pöschl, U., Shiraiwa, M., Ammann, M., and Heard, D. E.: The effect of viscosity and diffusion on the HO2 uptake by sucrose and secondary organic aerosol particles, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 13035–13047, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-13035-2016, 2016.
Lakey, P. S. J., Eichler, C. M. A., Wang, C. Y., Little, J. C., and Shiraiwa, M.: Kinetic multi-layer model of film formation, growth, and chemistry (KM-FILM): Boundary layer processes, multi-layer adsorption, bulk diffusion, and heterogeneous reactions, Indoor Air, 31, 2070–2083, https://doi.org/10.1111/ina.12854, 2021.
Lakey, P. S. J., Cummings, B. E., Waring, M. S., Morrison, G. C., and Shiraiwa, M.: Effective mass accommodation for partitioning of organic compounds into surface films with different viscosities, Environ. Sci.-Process Impacts, 25, 1464–1478, https://doi.org/10.1039/d3em00213f, 2023.
Langenberg, S. and Schurath, U.: Gas chromatography using ice-coated fused silica columns: study of adsorption of sulfur dioxide on water ice, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 7527–7537, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-7527-2018, 2018.
Langmuir, I.: A theory of adsorption, Phys. Rev., 6, 79–80, 1915.
Langmuir, I.: The evaporation, condensation and reflection of molecules and the mechanism of adsorption, Phys. Rev., 8, 149–176, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.8.149, 1916.
Langmuir, I.: The adsorption of gases on plane surfaces of glass, mica and platinum, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 40, 1361–1403, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja02242a004, 1918.
Laskin, A., Laskin, J., and Nizkorodov, S. A.: Chemistry of Atmospheric Brown Carbon, Chem. Rev., 115, 4335–4382, https://doi.org/10.1021/cr5006167, 2015.
Lee, G., Lee, B., Kim, J., and Cho, K.: Ozone Adsorption on Graphene: Ab Initio Study and Experimental Validation, J. Phys. Chem. C, 113, 14225–14229, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp904321n, 2009.
Lee, M. T., Orlando, F., Artiglia, L., Chen, S. Z., and Ammann, M.: Chemical Composition and Properties of the Liquid-Vapor Interface of Aqueous C1 to C4 Monofunctional Acid and Alcohol Solutions, J. Phys. Chem. A, 120, 9749–9758, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpca.6b09261, 2016.
Lee, M. T., Orlando, F., Khabiri, M., Roeselova, M., Brown, M. A., and Ammann, M.: The opposing effect of butanol and butyric acid on the abundance of bromide and iodide at the aqueous solution-air interface, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 21, 8418–8427, https://doi.org/10.1039/c8cp07448h, 2019.
Lee, W. M. G. and Chen, J. C.: Partitioning coefficients of polycyclic aromatic-hydrocarbons in stack gas from a municipal incinerator, Environ. Int., 21, 827–831, https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-4120(95)00092-4, 1995.
Lejonthun, L., Andersson, P. U., Hallquist, M., Thomson, E. S., and Pettersson, J. B. C.: Interactions of N2O5 and Related Nitrogen Oxides with Ice Surfaces: Desorption Kinetics and Collision Dynamics, J. Phys. Chem. B, 118, 13427–13434, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp5053826, 2014.
Leluk, K., Orzechowski, K., Jerie, K., Baranowski, A., Slonka, T., and Glowinski, J.: Dielectric permittivity of kaolinite heated to high temperatures, J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 71, 827–831, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpcs.2010.02.008, 2010.
Leng, C. B., Kish, J. D., Roberts, J. E., Dwebi, I., Chon, N., and Liu, Y.: Temperature-Dependent Henry's Law Constants of Atmospheric Amines, J. Phys. Chem. A, 119, 8884–8891, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpca.5b05174, 2015.
Li, G., Su, H., Kuhn, U., Meusel, H., Ammann, M., Shao, M., Pöschl, U., and Cheng, Y.: Technical note: Influence of surface roughness and local turbulence on coated-wall flow tube experiments for gas uptake and kinetic studies, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 2669–2686, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-2669-2018, 2018.
Li, J. and Knopf, D. A.: Representation of Multiphase OH Oxidation of Amorphous Organic Aerosol for Tropospheric Conditions, Environ. Sci. Technol., 55, 7266–7275, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c07668, 2021.
Li, J., Forrester, S. M., and Knopf, D. A.: Heterogeneous oxidation of amorphous organic aerosol surrogates by O3, NO3, and OH at typical tropospheric temperatures, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 6055–6080, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-6055-2020, 2020.
Li, Y. and Shiraiwa, M.: Timescales of secondary organic aerosols to reach equilibrium at various temperatures and relative humidities, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 5959-5971, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-5959-2019, 2019.
Li, Y., Pöschl, U., and Shiraiwa, M.: Molecular corridors and parameterizations of volatility in the chemical evolution of organic aerosols, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 3327–3344, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-3327-2016, 2016.
Liang, Z., Li, K. J., Wang, Z. M., Bu, Y. S., and Zhang, J. L.: Adsorption and reaction mechanisms of single and double H2O molecules on graphene surfaces with defects: a density functional theory study, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 23, 19071–19082, https://doi.org/10.1039/d1cp02595c, 2021.
Lide, D. R.: CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 82nd, CRC Press, Boca Raton, ISBN 0849304822, 2008.
Lileev, A. and Lyashchenko, A.: Dielectric properties of ammonium salt aqueous solutions, J. Mol. Liq., 150, 4–8, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2009.08.008, 2009.
Longfellow, C. A., Imamura, T., Ravishankara, A. R., and Hanson, D. R.: HONO solubility and heterogeneous reactivity on sulfuric acid surfaces, J. Phys. Chem. A, 102, 3323–3332, 1998.
Mack, K. M. and Muenter, J. S.: Stark and Zeeman properties of ozone from molecular-beam spectroscopy, J. Chem. Phys., 66, 5278–5283, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.433909, 1977.
Mader, B. T., Goss, K. U., and Eisenreich, S. J.: Sorption of nonionic, hydrophobic organic chemicals to mineral surfaces, Environ. Sci. Technol., 31, 1079–1086, https://doi.org/10.1021/es960606g, 1997.
Maribo-Mogensen, B., Kontogeorgis, G. M., and Thomsen, K.: Modeling of Dielectric Properties of Aqueous Salt Solutions with an Equation of State, J. Phys. Chem. B, 117, 10523–10533, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp403375t, 2013.
Marsh, A. R. W. and McElroy, W. J.: The dissociation-constant and Henry law constant of HCl in aqueous-solution, Atmos. Environ., 19, 1075–1080, https://doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(85)90192-1, 1985.
Marshall, F. H., Miles, R. E. H., Song, Y. C., Ohm, P. B., Power, R. M., Reid, J. P., and Dutcher, C. S.: Diffusion and reactivity in ultraviscous aerosol and the correlation with particle viscosity, Chem. Sci., 7, 1298–1308, https://doi.org/10.1039/c5sc03223g, 2016.
Marshall, F. H., Berkemeier, T., Shiraiwa, M., Nandy, L., Ohm, P. B., Dutcher, C. S., and Reid, J. P.: Influence of particle viscosity on mass transfer and heterogeneous ozonolysis kinetics in aqueous-sucrose-maleic acid aerosol, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 20, 15560–15573, https://doi.org/10.1039/c8cp01666f, 2018.
Masel, R. I.: Principles of Adsorption and Reaction on Solid Surfaces, Wiley Series in Chemical Engineering, ISBN 978-0-471-30392-3, 1996.
McEachran, A. D., Mansouri, K., Grulke, C., Schymanski, E. L., Ruttkies, C., and Williams, A. J.: “MS-Ready” structures for non-targeted high-resolution mass spectrometry screening studies, J. Cheminformatics, 10, 16, https://doi.org/10.1186/s13321-018-0299-2, 2018.
McNamara, S. M., Chen, Q. J., Edebeli, J., Kulju, K. D., Mumpfield, J., Fuentes, J. D., Bertman, S. B., and Pratt, K. A.: Observation of N2O5 Deposition and CINO2 Production on the Saline Snowpack, ACS Earth Space Chem., 5, 1020–1031, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.0c00317, 2021.
McNeill, V. F., Loerting, T., Geiger, F. M., Trout, B. L., and Molina, M. J.: Hydrogen chloride-induced surface disordering on ice, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 103, 9422–9427, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0603494103, 2006.
McNeill, V. F., Geiger, F. M., Loerting, T., Trout, B. L., Molina, L. T., and Molina, M. J.: Interaction of hydrogen chloride with ice surfaces: The effects of grain size, surface roughness, and surface disorder, J. Phys. Chem. A, 111, 6274–6284, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp068914g, 2007.
McNeill, V. F., Grannas, A. M., Abbatt, J. P. D., Ammann, M., Ariya, P., Bartels-Rausch, T., Domine, F., Donaldson, D. J., Guzman, M. I., Heger, D., Kahan, T. F., Klán, P., Masclin, S., Toubin, C., and Voisin, D.: Organics in environmental ices: sources, chemistry, and impacts, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 9653–9678, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-9653-2012, 2012.
Mendes, P. C. D., Costa-Amaral, R., Gomes, J. F., and Da Silva, J. L. F.: The influence of hydroxy groups on the adsorption of three-carbon alcohols on Ni(111), Pd(111) and Pt(111) surfaces: a density functional theory study within the D3 dispersion correction, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 21, 8434, https://doi.org/10.1039/c9cp00752k, 2019.
Meng, S., Wang, E. G., and Gao, S. W.: Water adsorption on metal surfaces: A general picture from density functional theory studies, Phys. Rev. B, 69, 13, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.69.195404, 2004.
Merino, E. and Ribagorda, M.: Control over molecular motion using the cis-trans photoisomerization of the azo group, Beilstein J. Org. Chem., 8, 1071–1090, https://doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.8.119, 2012.
Messerer, A., Niessner, R., and Pöschl, U.: Comprehensive kinetic characterization of the oxidation and gasification of model and real diesel soot by nitrogen oxides and oxygen under engine exhaust conditions: Measurement, Langmuir-Hinshelwood, and Arrhenius parameters, Carbon, 44, 307–324, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2005.07.017, 2006.
Messerer, A., Schmatloch, V., Pöschl, U., and Niessner, R.: Combined particle emission reduction and heat recovery from combustion exhaust – A novel approach for small wood-fired appliances, Biomass Bioenerg., 31, 512–521, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2007.01.022, 2007.
Meyer, H., Entel, P., and Hafner, J.: Physisorption of water on salt surfaces, Surf. Sci., 488, 177–192, https://doi.org/10.1016/s0039-6028(01)01136-0, 2001.
Mikhailov, E., Vlasenko, S., Martin, S. T., Koop, T., and Pöschl, U.: Amorphous and crystalline aerosol particles interacting with water vapor: conceptual framework and experimental evidence for restructuring, phase transitions and kinetic limitations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 9491–9522, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-9491-2009, 2009.
Millany, H. M. and Jonscher, A. K.: Dielectric-properties of stearic-acid multilayers, Thin Solid Films, 68, 257–273, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-6090(80)90151-0, 1980.
Mmereki, B. T., Hicks, J. M., and Donaldson, D. J.: Adsorption of atmospheric gases at the air-water interface. 3: Methylamines, J. Phys. Chem. A, 104, 10789–10793, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp0023258, 2000.
Moise, T., Flores, J. M., and Rudich, Y.: Optical properties of secondary organic aerosols and their changes by chemical processes, Chem. Rev., 115, 4400–4439, https://doi.org/10.1021/cr5005259, 2015.
Morris, J. R., Behr, P., Antman, M. D., Ringeisen, B. R., Splan, J., and Nathanson, G. M.: Molecular beam scattering from supercooled sulfuric acid: Collisions of HCl, HBr, and HNO3 with 70 wt % D2SO4, J. Phys. Chem. A, 104, 6738–6751, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp000105o, 2000.
Moussa, S. G., McIntire, T. M., Szori, M., Roeselova, M., Tobias, D. J., Grimm, R. L., Hemminger, J. C., and Finlayson-Pitts, B. J.: Experimental and Theoretical Characterization of Adsorbed Water on Self-Assembled Monolayers: Understanding the Interaction of Water with Atmospherically Relevant Surfaces, J. Phys. Chem. A, 113, 2060–2069, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp808710n, 2009.
Mu, Q., Shiraiwa, M., Octaviani, M., Ma, N., Ding, A. J., Su, H., Lammel, G., Poschl, U., and Cheng, Y. F.: Temperature effect on phase state and reactivity controls atmospheric multiphase chemistry and transport of PAHs, Sci. Adv., 4, 8, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aap7314, 2018.
Müller, R., Crutzen, P. J., Gross, J. U., Bruhl, C., Russell, J. M., Gernandt, H., McKenna, D. S., and Tuck, A. F.: Severe chemical ozone loss in the Arctic during the winter of 1995–96, Nature, 389, 709–712, 1997.
Nakanishi, M. and Nozaki, R.: Systematic study of the glass transition in polyhydric alcohols, Phys. Rev. E, 83, 5, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.83.051503, 2011.
Nakatsuji, H.: Dipped adcluster model for chemisorptions and catalytic reactions on a metal-surface, J. Chem. Phys., 87, 4995–5001, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.452814, 1987.
Nathanson, G. M.: Molecular beam studies of gas-liquid interfaces, Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem., 55, 231–255, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.physchem.55.091602.094357, 2004.
Nathanson, G. M., Davidovits, P., Worsnop, D. R., and Kolb, C. E.: Dynamics and kinetics at the gas-liquid interface, J. Phys. Chem., 100, 13007–13020, 1996.
Nelson, C. E., Elam, J. W., Cameron, M. A., Tolbert, M. A., and George, S. M.: Desorption of H2O from a hydroxylated single-crystal alpha-Al2O3(0001) surface, Surf. Sci., 416, 341–353, https://doi.org/10.1016/s0039-6028(98)00439-7, 1998.
Nelson, C. E., Elam, J. W., Tolbert, M. A., and George, S. M.: H2O and HCl adsorption on single crystal alpha-Al2O3(0001) at stratospheric temperatures, Appl. Surf. Sci., 171, 21–33, 2001.
Nguyen, T. H., Goss, K.-U., and Ball, W. P.: Polyparameter Linear Free Energy Relationships for Estimating the Equilibrium Partition of Organic Compounds between Water and the Natural Organic Matter in Soils and Sediments, Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 913–924, https://doi.org/10.1021/es048839s, 2005.
NIST Computational Chemistry Comparison and Benchmark Database, NIST Standard Reference Database Number 101, Release 22, May 2022, Editor: Russell D. Johnson III, https://doi.org/10.18434/T47C7Z, 2022.
Nizkorodov, S. A., Laskin, J., and Laskin, A.: Molecular chemistry of organic aerosols through the application of high resolution mass spectrometry, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 13, 3612–3629, https://doi.org/10.1039/c0cp02032j, 2011.
Ohrwall, G., Prisle, N. L., Ottosson, N., Werner, J., Ekholm, V., Walz, M. M., and Bjorneholm, O.: Acid-Base Speciation of Carboxylate Ions in the Surface Region of Aqueous Solutions in the Presence of Ammonium and Aminium Ions, J. Phys. Chem. B, 119, 4033–4040, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp509945g, 2015.
Oszust, J. and Ratajczak, H.: Dipole-moments and spectral features of some phenol-diethylamine complexes, J. Chem. Soc. Farad. T 1, 77, 1215–1221, https://doi.org/10.1039/f19817701215, 1981.
Pankow, J. F.: Common gamma-intercept and single compound regressions of gas particle partitioning data vs 1/t, Atmos. Environ. A-Gen., 25, 2229–2239, https://doi.org/10.1016/0960-1686(91)90098-r, 1991.
Paserba, K. R. and Gellman, A. J.: Effects of conformational isomerism on the desorption kinetics of n-alkanes from graphite, J. Chem. Phys., 115, 6737–6751, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1398574, 2001.
Penkett, S. A., Jones, B. M. R., Brice, K. A., and Eggleton, A. E. J.: Importance of atmospheric ozone and hydrogen-peroxide in oxidizing sulfur-dioxide in cloud and rainwater, Atmos. Environ., 13, 123–137, https://doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(79)90251-8, 1979.
Perraud, V., Bruns, E. A., Ezell, M. J., Johnson, S. N., Yu, Y., Alexander, M. L., Zelenyuk, A., Imre, D., Chang, W. L., Dabdub, D., Pankow, J. F., and Finlayson-Pitts, B. J.: Nonequilibrium atmospheric secondary organic aerosol formation and growth, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 109, 2836–2841, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1119909109, 2012.
Peter, T.: Microphysics and heterogeneous chemistry of polar stratospheric clouds, Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem., 48, 785–822, 1997.
Petters, M. D., Prenni, A. J., Kreidenweis, S. M., DeMott, P. J., Matsunaga, A., Lim, Y. B., and Ziemann, P. J.: Chemical aging and the hydrophobic-to-hydrophilic conversion of carbonaceous aerosol, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L24806, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006gl027249, 2006.
Poe, S. H., Valsaraj, K. T., Thibodeaux, L. J., and Springer, C.: Equilibrium vapor-phase adsorption of volatile organic-chemicals on dry soils, J. Hazard. Mater., 19, 17–32, https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3894(88)85071-4, 1988.
Pöschl, U. and Shiraiwa, M.: Multiphase Chemistry at the Atmosphere-Biosphere Interface Influencing Climate and Public Health in the Anthropocene, Chem. Rev., 115, 4440–4475, https://doi.org/10.1021/cr500487s, 2015.
Pöschl, U., Letzel, T., Schauer, C., and Niessner, R.: Interaction of ozone and water vapor with spark discharge soot aerosol particles coated with benzo a pyrene: O3 and H2O adsorption, benzo a pyrene degradation, and atmospheric implications, J. Phys. Chem. A, 105, 4029–4041, 2001.
Pöschl, U., Rudich, Y., and Ammann, M.: Kinetic model framework for aerosol and cloud surface chemistry and gas-particle interactions – Part 1: General equations, parameters, and terminology, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 5989–6023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-5989-2007, 2007.
Pouvesle, N., Kippenberger, M., Schuster, G., and Crowley, J. N.: The interaction of H2O2 with ice surfaces between 203 and 233 K, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 12, 15544–15550, https://doi.org/10.1039/c0cp01656j, 2010.
Raja, S., Yaccone, F. S., Ravikrishna, R., and Valsaraj, K. T.: Thermodynamic parameters for the adsorption of aromatic hydrocarbon vapors at the gas-water interface, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 47, 1213–1219, https://doi.org/10.1021/je025520j, 2002.
Rajyam, B. S. and Murty, C. R. K.: Dipole moments of some alkyl phenylacetates, Indian J. Pure Appl. Phys., 4, 327, 1966.
Rampi, M. A., Schueller, O. J. A., and Whitesides, G. M.: Alkanethiol self-assembled monolayers as the dielectric of capacitors with nanoscale thickness, Appl. Phys. Lett., 72, 1781–1783, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.121183, 1998.
Raso, A. R. W., Custard, K. D., May, N. W., Tanner, D., Newburn, M. K., Walker, L., Moore, R. J., Huey, L. G., Alexander, L., Shepson, P. B., and Pratt, K. A.: Active molecular iodine photochemistry in the Arctic, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 114, 10053–10058, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1702803114, 2017.
Ravishankara, A. R.: Heterogeneous and multiphase chemistry in the troposphere, Science, 276, 1058–1065, 1997.
Redhead, P. A.: Thermal desorption of gases, Vacuum, 12, 203–211, https://doi.org/10.1016/0042-207X(62)90978-8, 1962.
Remorov, R. G. and Bardwell, M. W.: Model of uptake of OH radicals on nonreactive solids, J. Phys. Chem. B, 109, 20036–20043, 2005.
Rettner, C. T., Auerbach, D. J., Tully, J. C., and Kleyn, A. W.: Chemical dynamics at the gas-surface interface, J. Phys. Chem., 100, 13021–13033, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp9536007, 1996.
Ringeisen, B. R., Muenter, A. H., and Nathanson, G. M.: Collisions of DCl with liquid glycerol: Evidence for rapid, near-interfacial D → H exchange and desorption, J. Phys. Chem. B, 106, 4999–5010, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp013959x, 2002a.
Ringeisen, B. R., Muenter, A. H., and Nathanson, G. M.: Collisions of HCl, DCl, and HBr with liquid glycerol: Gas uptake, D → H exchange, and solution thermodynamics, J. Phys. Chem. B, 106, 4988–4998, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp013960w, 2002b.
Robinson, D. A., Cooper, J. D., and Gardner, C. M. K.: Modelling the relative permittivity of soils using soil hygroscopic water content, J. Hydrol., 255, 39–49, https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-1694(01)00508-x, 2002.
Robinson, G. N., Worsnop, D. R., Jayne, J. T., Kolb, C. E., Swartz, E., and Davidovits, P.: Heterogeneous uptake of HCl by sulfuric acid solutions, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 25371–25381, 1998.
Romaner, L., Heimel, G., Ambrosch-Draxl, C., and Zojer, E.: The Dielectric Constant of Self-Assembled Monolayers, Adv. Funct. Mater., 18, 3999–4006, https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.200800876, 2008.
Romanias, M. N., Ourrad, H., Thevenet, F., and Riffault, V.: Investigating the Heterogeneous Interaction of VOCs with Natural Atmospheric Particles: Adsorption of Limonene and Toluene on Saharan Mineral Dusts, J. Phys. Chem. A, 120, 1197–1212, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpca.5b10323, 2016.
Rothfuss, N. E. and Petters, M. D.: Influence of Functional Groups on the Viscosity of Organic Aerosol, Environ. Sci. Technol., 51, 271–279, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b04478, 2017.
Rouquerol, J. and Davy, L.: Automatic gravimetric apparatus for recording adsorption-isotherms of gases or vapors onto solids, Thermochim. Acta, 24, 391–397, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031(78)80027-6, 1978.
Rowland, F. S.: Stratospheric ozone depletion, Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem., 42, 731–768, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.physchem.42.1.731, 1991.
Rudich, Y., Donahue, N. M., and Mentel, T. F.: Aging of organic aerosol: Bridging the gap between laboratory and field studies, Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem., 58, 321–352, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.physchem.58.032806.104432, 2007.
Salmeron, M. and Somorjai, G. A.: Adsorption and bonding of butane and pentane on the Pt(111) crystal-surfaces – effects of oxygen treatments and deuterium pre-adsorption, J. Phys. Chem., 85, 3835–3840, https://doi.org/10.1021/j150625a025, 1981.
Sander, R.: Compilation of Henry's law constants (version 4.0) for water as solvent, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 4399–4981, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-4399-2015, 2015.
Sander, R.: Compilation of Henry's law constants (version 5.0.0) for water as solvent, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 10901–12440, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10901-2023, 2023.
Sander, S. P., Abbatt, J., Barker, J. R., Burkholder, J. B., Friedl, R. R., Golden, D. M., Huie, R. E., Kolb, C. E., Kurylo, M. J., Moortgat, G. K., Orkin, V. L., and Wine, P. H.: Chemical Kinetics and Photochemical Data for Use in Atmospheric Studies, Evaluation No. 17, JPL Publication 10-6, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, http://jpldataeval.jpl.nasa.gov (last access: 18 March 2024), 2011.
Savara, A.: Standard States for Adsorption on Solid Surfaces: 2D Gases, Surface Liquids, and Langmuir Adsorbates, J. Phys. Chem. C, 117, 15710–15715, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp404398z, 2013.
Savara, A., Schmidt, C. M., Geiger, F. M., and Weitz, E.: Adsorption Entropies and Enthalpies and Their Implications for Adsorbate Dynamics, J. Phys. Chem. C, 113, 2806–2815, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp806221j, 2009.
Schervish, M. and Donahue, N. M.: Peroxy radical chemistry and the volatility basis set, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 1183–1199, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-1183-2020, 2020.
Schervish, M. and Shiraiwa, M.: Impact of phase state and non-ideal mixing on equilibration timescales of secondary organic aerosol partitioning, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 221–233, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-221-2023, 2023.
Schervish, M., Donahue, N. M., and Shiraiwa, M.: Effects of volatility, viscosity, and non-ideality on particle-particle mixing timescales of secondary organic aerosols, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 1–16, https://doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2023.2256827, 2023.
Schlesinger, D., Lowe, S. J., Olenius, T., Kong, X. R., Pettersson, J. B. C., and Riipinen, I.: Molecular Perspective on Water Vapor Accommodation into Ice and Its Dependence on Temperature, J. Phys. Chem. A, 124, 10879–10889, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpca.0c09357, 2020.
Schroder, E.: Methanol Adsorption on Graphene, J. Nanomater., 2013, 6, https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/871706, 2013.
Schwartz, S. E.: Mass-transport considerations pertinent to aqueous phase reactions of gases in liquid-water clouds, in: Chemistry of multiphase atmospheric systems, edited by: Jaeschke, W., NATO ASI Series, G6, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 415–471, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70627-1_16, 1986.
Sebastiani, F., Campbell, R. A., Rastogi, K., and Pfrang, C.: Nighttime oxidation of surfactants at the air–water interface: effects of chain length, head group and saturation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 3249–3268, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-3249-2018, 2018.
Seinfeld, J. H. and Pandis, S. N.: Atmospheric Chemistry and Pysics. From Air Pollution to Climate Change, John Wiley, New York, 1326 pp., ISBN 0471178160, 1998.
Shaloski, M. A., Gord, J. R., Staudt, S., Quinn, S. L., Bertram, T. H., and Nathanson, G. M.: Reactions of N2O5 with Salty and Surfactant-Coated Glycerol: Interfacial Conversion of Br− to Br2 Mediated by Alkylammonium Cations, J. Phys. Chem. A, 121, 3708–3719, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpca.7b02040, 2017.
Sharif, S.: Chemical and mineral-composition of dust and its effect on the dielectric-constant, IEEE T. Geosci. Remote, 33, 353–359, https://doi.org/10.1109/36.377935, 1995.
Shen, C. Y., Zhang, W., Choczynski, J., Davies, J. F., and Zhang, H. F.: Phase State and Relative Humidity Regulate the Heterogeneous Oxidation Kinetics and Pathways of Organic-Inorganic Mixed Aerosols, Environ. Sci. Technol., 56, 15398–15407, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.2c04670, 2022.
Shi, Q., Jayne, J. T., Kolb, C. E., Worsnop, D. R., and Davidovits, P.: Kinetic model for reaction of ClONO2 with H2O and HCl and HOCl with HCl in sulfuric acid solutions, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 24259–24274, 2001.
Shinoda, K.: Iceberg formation and solubility, J. Phys. Chem., 81, 1300–1302, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100528a016, 1977.
Shinoda, K.: Characteristic property in aqueous-solutions – effect of iceberg formation of water surrounding solute on the solubility (or cmc) and its peculiar temperature-dependence, Adv. Colloid Interface Sci., 41, 81–100, https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-8686(92)80008-l, 1992.
Shiraiwa, M. and Pöschl, U.: Mass accommodation and gas–particle partitioning in secondary organic aerosols: dependence on diffusivity, volatility, particle-phase reactions, and penetration depth, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 1565–1580, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-1565-2021, 2021.
Shiraiwa, M. and Seinfeld, J. H.: Equilibration timescale of atmospheric secondary organic aerosol partitioning, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L24801, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012gl054008, 2012.
Shiraiwa, M., Garland, R. M., and Pöschl, U.: Kinetic double-layer model of aerosol surface chemistry and gas-particle interactions (K2-SURF): Degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exposed to O3, NO2, H2O, OH and NO3, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 9571–9586, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-9571-2009, 2009.
Shiraiwa, M., Pfrang, C., and Pöschl, U.: Kinetic multi-layer model of aerosol surface and bulk chemistry (KM-SUB): the influence of interfacial transport and bulk diffusion on the oxidation of oleic acid by ozone, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 3673–3691, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-3673-2010, 2010.
Shiraiwa, M., Ammann, M., Koop, T., and Pöschl, U.: Gas uptake and chemical aging of semisolid organic aerosol particles, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 108, 11003–11008, 2011a.
Shiraiwa, M., Sosedova, Y., Rouviere, A., Yang, H., Zhang, Y. Y., Abbatt, J. P. D., Ammann, M., and Pöschl, U.: The role of long-lived reactive oxygen intermediates in the reaction of ozone with aerosol particles, Nat. Chem., 3, 291–295, 2011b.
Shiraiwa, M., Pfrang, C., Koop, T., and Pöschl, U.: Kinetic multi-layer model of gas-particle interactions in aerosols and clouds (KM-GAP): linking condensation, evaporation and chemical reactions of organics, oxidants and water, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 2777–2794, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-2777-2012, 2012.
Shiraiwa, M., Zuend, A., Bertram, A. K., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Gas-particle partitioning of atmospheric aerosols: interplay of physical state, non-ideal mixing and morphology, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 15, 11441–11453, https://doi.org/10.1039/c3cp51595h, 2013a.
Shiraiwa, M., Yee, L. D., Schilling, K. A., Loza, C. L., Craven, J. S., Zuend, A., Ziemann, P. J., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Size distribution dynamics reveal particle-phase chemistry in organic aerosol formation, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 110, 11746–11750, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1307501110, 2013b.
Shiraiwa, M., Berkemeier, T., Schilling-Fahnestock, K. A., Seinfeld, J. H., and Pöschl, U.: Molecular corridors and kinetic regimes in the multiphase chemical evolution of secondary organic aerosol, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 8323–8341, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-8323-2014, 2014.
Shiraiwa, M., Li, Y., Tsimpidi, A. P., Karydis, V. A., Berkemeier, T., Pandis, S. N., Lelieveld, J., Koop, T., and Pöschl, U.: Global distribution of particle phase state in atmospheric secondary organic aerosols, Nat. Commun., 8, 15002, https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms15002, 2017a.
Shiraiwa, M., Ueda, K., Pozzer, A., Lammel, G., Kampf, C. J., Fushimi, A., Enami, S., Arangio, A. M., Frohlich-Nowoisky, J., Fujitani, Y., Furuyama, A., Lakey, P. S. J., Lelieveld, J., Lucas, K., Morino, Y., Poschl, U., Takaharna, S., Takami, A., Tong, H. J., Weber, B., Yoshino, A., and Sato, K.: Aerosol Health Effects from Molecular to Global Scales, Environ. Sci. Technol., 51, 13545–13567, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b04417, 2017b.
Shklyarevskii, I. N. and Pakhomov, P. L.: Separation of contributions from free and coupled electrons into real and imaginary parts of a dielectric-constant of gold, Opt. Spektrosk., 34, 163–166, 1973.
Shrivastava, M., Lou, S. J., Zelenyuk, A., Easter, R. C., Corley, R. A., Thrall, B. D., Rasch, P. J., Fast, J. D., Simonich, S. L. M., Shen, H. Z., and Tao, S.: Global long-range transport and lung cancer risk from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons shielded by coatings of organic aerosol, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 114, E2263–E2263, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1702221114, 2017a.
Shrivastava, M., Cappa, C. D., Fan, J. W., Goldstein, A. H., Guenther, A. B., Jimenez, J. L., Kuang, C., Laskin, A., Martin, S. T., Ng, N. L., Petaja, T., Pierce, J. R., Rasch, P. J., Roldin, P., Seinfeld, J. H., Shilling, J., Smith, J. N., Thornton, J. A., Volkamer, R., Wang, J., Worsnop, D. R., Zaveri, R. A., Zelenyuk, A., and Zhang, Q.: Recent advances in understanding secondary organic aerosol: Implications for global climate forcing, Rev. Geophys., 55, 509–559, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016rg000540, 2017b.
Sikorski, M., Gutt, C., Chushkin, Y., Lippmann, M., and Franz, H.: Dynamics at the Liquid-Vapor Interface of a Supercooled Organic Glass Former, Phys. Rev. Lett., 105, 4, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.215701, 2010.
Silva, S. C. and Devlin, J. P.: Interaction of acetylene, ethylene, and benzene with ice surfaces, J. Phys. Chem., 98, 10847–10852, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100093a027, 1994.
Slade, J. H. and Knopf, D. A.: Heterogeneous OH oxidation of biomass burning organic aerosol surrogate compounds: assessment of volatilisation products and the role of OH concentration on the reactive uptake kinetics, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 15, 5898–5915, https://doi.org/10.1039/c3cp44695f, 2013.
Slade, J. H. and Knopf, D. A.: Multiphase OH oxidation kinetics of organic aerosol: The role of particle phase state and relative humidity, Geophys. Res. Lett., 41, 5297–5306, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014gl060582, 2014.
Slade, J. H., Thalman, R., Wang, J., and Knopf, D. A.: Chemical aging of single and multicomponent biomass burning aerosol surrogate particles by OH: implications for cloud condensation nucleus activity, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 10183–10201, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-10183-2015, 2015.
Slade, J. H., Shiraiwa, M., Arangio, A., Su, H., Pöschl, U., Wang, J., and Knopf, D. A.: Cloud droplet activation through oxidation of organic aerosol influenced by temperature and particle phase state, Geophys. Res. Lett., 44, 1583–1591, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016gl072424, 2017.
Slater, B. and Michaelides, A.: Surface premelting of water ice, Nat. Rev. Chem., 3, 172–188, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41570-019-0080-8, 2019.
Smith, R. S. and Kay, B. D.: Desorption Kinetics of Carbon Dioxide from a Graphene-Covered Pt(111) Surface, J. Phys. Chem. A, 123, 3248–3254 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b00674, 2019.
Sokolov, O. and Abbatt, J. P. D.: Adsorption to ice of n-alcohols (ethanol to 1-hexanol), acetic acid, and hexanal, J. Phys. Chem. A, 106, 775–782, 2002.
Sokolowska, Z., Jozefaciuk, G., Sokolowski, S., and Ourumovapesheva, A.: Adsorption of water-vapor by soils – investigations of the influence of organic-matter, iron, and aluminum on energetic heterogeneity of soil clays, Clay Clay Min., 41, 346–352, https://doi.org/10.1346/ccmn.1993.0410310, 1993.
Solomon, S.: Stratospheric ozone depletion: A review of concepts and history, Rev. Geophys., 37, 275–316, 1999.
Speight, J. G.: in: Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 17th ed., McGraw-Hill Education, New York, ISBN 9781259586095, 2017.
Springmann, M., Knopf, D. A., and Riemer, N.: Detailed heterogeneous chemistry in an urban plume box model: reversible co-adsorption of O3, NO2, and H2O on soot coated with benzo[a]pyrene, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 7461–7479, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-7461-2009, 2009.
Sprowl, L. H., Campbell, C. T., and Arnadottir, L.: Hindered Translator and Hindered Rotor Models for Adsorbates: Partition Functions and Entropies, J. Phys. Chem. C, 120, 9719–9731, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b11616, 2016.
Staudinger, J. and Roberts, P. V.: A critical compilation of Henry's law constant temperature dependence relations for organic compounds in dilute aqueous solutions, Chemosphere, 44, 561–576, https://doi.org/10.1016/s0045-6535(00)00505-1, 2001.
Steimer, S. S., Berkemeier, T., Gilgen, A., Krieger, U. K., Peter, T., Shiraiwa, M., and Ammann, M.: Shikimic acid ozonolysis kinetics of the transition from liquid aqueous solution to highly viscous glass, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 17, 31101–31109, https://doi.org/10.1039/c5cp04544d, 2015.
Steiner, D. and Burtscher, H. K.: Desorption of perylene from combustion, nacl, and carbon particles, Environ. Sci. Technol., 28, 1254–1259, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00056a012, 1994.
Steiner, T.: The hydrogen bond in the solid state, Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit., 41, 48–76, https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-3773(20020104)41:1<48::Aid-anie48>3.0.Co;2-u, 2002.
Stephenson, R. M. and Malanowski, S.: Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, Elsevier Science Publishing Co., Inc., Dordrecht, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3173-2, 1987.
Stolzenburg, D., Fischer, L., Vogel, A. L., Heinritzi, M., Schervish, M., Simon, M., Wagner, A. C., Dada, L., Ahonen, L. R., Amorim, A., Baccarini, A., Bauer, P. S., Baumgartner, B., Bergen, A., Bianchi, F., Breitenlechner, M., Brilke, S., Mazon, S. B., Chen, D. X., Dias, A., Draper, D. C., Duplissy, J., Haddad, I., Finkenzeller, H., Frege, C., Fuchs, C., Garmash, O., Gordon, H., He, X., Helm, J., Hofbauer, V., Hoyle, C. R., Kim, C., Kirkby, J., Kontkanen, J., Kuerten, A., Lampilahti, J., Lawler, M., Lehtipalo, K., Leiminger, M., Mai, H., Mathot, S., Mentler, B., Molteni, U., Nie, W., Nieminen, T., Nowak, J. B., Ojdanic, A., Onnela, A., Passananti, M., Petaja, T., Quelever, L. L. J., Rissanen, M. P., Sarnela, N., Schallhart, S., Tauber, C., Tome, A., Wagner, R., Wang, M., Weitz, L., Wimmer, D., Xiao, M., Yan, C., Ye, P., Zha, Q., Baltensperger, U., Curtius, J., Dommen, J., Flagan, R. C., Kulmala, M., Smith, J. N., Worsnop, D. R., Hansel, A., Donahue, N. M., and Winkler, P. M.: Rapid growth of organic aerosol nanoparticles over a wide tropospheric temperature range, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 115, 9122–9127, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1807604115, 2018.
Stull, D. R.: Vapor pressure of pure substances – inorganic compounds, Ind. Eng. Chem., 4, 540-550, https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50448a023, 1947.
Su, H., Cheng, Y. F., and Poschl, U.: New Multiphase Chemical Processes Influencing Atmospheric Aerosols, Air Quality, and Climate in the Anthropocene, Accounts Chem. Res., 53, 2034–2043, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00246, 2020.
Svirbely, W. J., Ablard, J. E., and Warner, J. C.: Molar polarizations in extremely dilute solutions. The dipole moments of d-limonene, d-pinene, methyl benzoate and ethyl benzoate, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 57, 652–655, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01307a015, 1935.
Tabai, S., Rogalski, M., Solimando, R., and Malanowski, S. K.: Activity coefficients of chlorophenols in water at infinite dilution, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 42, 1147–1150, https://doi.org/10.1021/je960336h, 1997.
Tabazadeh, A., Turco, R. P., and Jacobson, M. Z.: A Model for Studying the Composition and Chemical Effects of Stratospheric Aerosols, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 12897–12914, 1994.
Tait, S. L., Dohnalek, Z., Campbell, C. T., and Kay, B. D.: n-alkanes on Pt(111) and on C(0001)/Pt(111): Chain length dependence of kinetic desorption parameters, J. Chem. Phys., 125, 15, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2400235, 2006.
Takenaka, N. and Rossi, M. J.: The heterogeneous reaction of NO2 with NH4Cl: A molecular diffusion tube study, J. Atmos. Chem., 50, 171–194, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10874-005-5898-4, 2005.
Tang, M. J., Cziczo, D. J., and Grassian, V. H.: Interactions of Water with Mineral Dust Aerosol: Water Adsorption, Hygroscopicity, Cloud Condensation, and Ice Nucleation, Chem. Rev., 116, 4205–4259, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00529, 2016.
Tenhulscher, T. E. M., Vandervelde, L. E., and Bruggeman, W. A.: Temperature-dependence of henry law constants for selected chlorobenzenes, polychlorinated-biphenyls and polycyclic aromatic-hydrocarbons, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 11, 1595–1603, https://doi.org/10.1897/1552-8618(1992)11[1595:Tdohlc]2.0.Co;2, 1992.
Thomas, J. M. and Williams, B. R.: Theory and applications of vacuum microbalance techniques, Q. Rev. Chem. Soc., 19, 251–253, https://doi.org/10.1039/qr9651900231, 1965.
Thomson, E. S., Kong, X. R., Andersson, P. U., Markovic, N., and Pettersson, J. B. C.: Collision Dynamics and Solvation of Water Molecules in a Liquid Methanol Film, J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 2, 2174–2178, https://doi.org/10.1021/jz200929y, 2011.
Thomson, E. S., Kong, X., Papagiannakopoulos, P., and Pettersson, J. B. C.: Deposition-mode ice nucleation reexamined at temperatures below 200 K, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 1621–1632, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-1621-2015, 2015.
Tian, H. K., Xu, Q. Y., Zhang, H. Y., Priestley, R. D., and Zuo, B.: Surface dynamics of glasses, Appl. Phys. Rev., 9, 25, https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0083726, 2022.
Tolbert, M. A., Rossi, M. J., Malhotra, R., and Golden, D. M.: Reaction of chlorine nitrate with hydrogen-chloride and water at antarctic stratospheric temperatures, Science, 238, 1258–1260, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.238.4831.1258, 1987.
Townes, C. H. and Schawlow, A. L.: Microwave Spectroscopy, Dover Publications, Inc., New York, 698 pp., ISBN 9780486617985, 1975.
Tully, J. C.: The dynamics of adsorption and desorption, Surf. Sci., 299, 667–677, https://doi.org/10.1016/0039-6028(94)90688-2, 1994.
Ulbricht, H., Zacharia, R., Cindir, N., and Hertel, T.: Thermal desorption of gases and solvents from graphite and carbon nanotube surfaces, Carbon, 44, 2931–2942, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2006.05.040, 2006.
Ulrich, T., Ammann, M., Leutwyler, S., and Bartels-Rausch, T.: The adsorption of peroxynitric acid on ice between 230 K and 253 K, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 1833–1845, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-1833-2012, 2012.
Usher, C. R., Michel, A. E., and Grassian, V. H.: Reactions on mineral dust, Chem. Rev., 103, 4883–4939, 2003.
Valsaraj, K. T.: On the physicochemical aspects of partitioning of non-polar hydrophobic organics at the air-water-interface, Chemosphere, 17, 875–887, https://doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(88)90060-4, 1988a.
Valsaraj, K. T.: Binding constants for non-polar hydrophobic organics at the air-water-interface – comparison of experimental and predicted values, Chemosphere, 17, 2049–2053, https://doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(88)90015-x, 1988b.
Valsaraj, K. T.: Hydrophobic compounds in the environment – adsorption equilibrium at the air-water-interface, Water Res., 28, 819–830, https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(94)90088-4, 1994.
Valsaraj, K. T.: Trace gas adsorption thermodynamics at the air-water interface: Implications in atmospheric chemistry, Pure Appl. Chem., 81, 1889–1901, https://doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-08-07-06, 2009.
Valsaraj, K. T. and Thibodeaux, L. J.: Equilibrium adsorption of chemical vapors on surface soils, landfills and landfarms – a review, J. Hazard. Mater., 19, 79–99, https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3894(88)85075-1, 1988.
Valsaraj, K. T., Thoma, G. J., Reible, D. D., and Thibodeaux, L. J.: On the enrichment of hydrophobic organic-compounds in fog droplets, Atmos. Environ. A-Gen., 27, 203–210, https://doi.org/10.1016/0960-1686(93)90351-x, 1993.
van der Sman, R. G. M.: Predictions of Glass Transition Temperature for Hydrogen Bonding Biomaterials, J. Phys. Chem. B, 117, 16303–16313, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp408184u, 2013.
van Duijnen, P. T. and Swart, M.: Molecular and atomic polarizabilities: Thole's model revisited, J. Phys. Chem. A, 102, 2399–2407, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp980221f, 1998.
Vega, C. P., Pohjola, V. A., Samyn, D., Pettersson, R., Isaksson, E., Bjorkman, M. P., Martma, T., Marca, A., and Kaiser, J.: First ice core records of NO3- stable isotopes from Lomonosovfonna, Svalbard, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 120, 313–330, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013jd020930, 2015.
Vieceli, J., Roeselova, M., and Tobias, D. J.: Accommodation coefficients for water vapor at the air/water interface, Chem. Phys. Lett., 393, 249–255, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2004.06.038, 2004.
Vieceli, J., Roeselova, M., Potter, N., Dang, L. X., Garrett, B. C., and Tobias, D. J.: Molecular dynamics simulations of atmospheric oxidants at the air-water interface: Solvation and accommodation of OH and O3, J. Phys. Chem. B, 109, 15876–15892, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp051361, 2005.
Vinogradov, S. N. and Linnell, R. H.: Hydrogen Bonding, Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, London, 319 pp., ISBN 0442781857, 1971.
Virtanen, A., Joutsensaari, J., Koop, T., Kannosto, J., Yli-Pirila, P., Leskinen, J., Makela, J. M., Holopainen, J. K., Pöschl, U., Kulmala, M., Worsnop, D. R., and Laaksonen, A.: An amorphous solid state of biogenic secondary organic aerosol particles, Nature, 467, 824–827, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09455, 2010.
Vlasenko, A., Huthwelker, T., Gaggeler, H. W., and Ammann, M.: Kinetics of the heterogeneous reaction of nitric acid with mineral dust particles: an aerosol flowtube study, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 11, 7921–7930, https://doi.org/10.1039/b904290n, 2009.
Voigt, C., Schlager, H., Ziereis, H., Karcher, B., Luo, B. P., Schiller, C., Kramer, M., Popp, P. J., Irie, H., and Kondo, Y.: Nitric acid in cirrus clouds, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L05803, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005gl025159, 2006.
Voloshina, E., Usvyat, D., Schutz, M., Dedkov, Y., and Paulus, B.: On the physisorption of water on graphene: a CCSD(T) study, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 13, 12041–12047, https://doi.org/10.1039/c1cp20609e, 2011.
von Domaros, M., Lakey, P. S. J., Shiraiwa, M., and Tobias, D. J.: Multiscale Modeling of Human Skin Oil-Induced Indoor Air Chemistry: Combining Kinetic Models and Molecular Dynamics, J. Phys. Chem. B, 124, 3836–3843, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c02818, 2020.
von Hessberg, P., Pouvesle, N., Winkler, A. K., Schuster, G., and Crowley, J. N.: Interaction of formic and acetic acid with ice surfaces between 187 and 227 K. Investigation of single species- and competitive adsorption, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 10, 2345–2355, https://doi.org/10.1039/b800831k, 2008.
Wang, B. and Knopf, D. A.: Heterogeneous ice nucleation on particles composed of humic-like substances impacted by O3, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D03205, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010jd014964, 2011.
Wang, B., Lambe, A. T., Massoli, P., Onasch, T. B., Davidovits, P., Worsnop, D. R., and Knopf, D. A.: The deposition ice nucleation and immersion freezing potential of amorphous secondary organic aerosol: Pathways for ice and mixed-phase cloud formation, J. Geophys. Res., 117, D16209, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012jd018063, 2012.
Wang, C., Collins, D. B., Arata, C., Goldstein, A. H., Mattila, J. M., Farmer, D. K., Ampollini, L., DeCarlo, P. F., Novoselac, A., Vance, M. E., Nazaroff, W. W., and Abbatt, J. P. D.: Surface reservoirs dominate dynamic gas-surface partitioning of many indoor air constituents, Sci. Adv., 6, 11, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aay8973, 2020.
Wang, X., Qiao, L., Deng, C., et al.: Study on the characteristics of nitrogen dioxide adsorption and storage of coal residue in coal-fired power plants in goaf, Sci. Rep., 11, 8822, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-87855-y, 2021.
Weaver, J. F., Carlsson, A. F., and Madix, R. J.: The adsorption and reaction of low molecular weight alkanes on metallic single crystal surfaces, Surf. Sci. Rep., 50, 107–199, https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-5729(03)00031-1, 2003.
Wei, W. M., Zheng, R. H., Jing, Y. Y., Liu, Y. T., Hu, J. C., Ye, Y., and Shi, Q.: Theoretical Study on Raman Spectra of Aqueous Peroxynitric Acid, Chin. J. Chem. Phys., 24, 625–630, https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-0068/24/05/625-630, 2011.
Weschler, C. J. and Nazaroff, W. W.: Growth of organic films on indoor surfaces, Indoor Air, 27, 1101–1112, https://doi.org/10.1111/ina.12396, 2017.
Whitten, J. L.: Theoretical-studies of surface-reactions – Embedded-cluster theory, Chem. Phys., 177, 387–397, https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-0104(93)80020-a, 1993.
Wiberg, K. B. and Rablen, P. R.: Comparison of atomic charges derived via different procedures, J. Comput. Chem., 14, 1504–1518, https://doi.org/10.1002/jcc.540141213, 1993.
Wiegel, A. A., Liu, M. J., Hinsberg, W. D., Wilson, K. R., and Houle, F. A.: Diffusive confinement of free radical intermediates in the OH radical oxidation of semisolid aerosols, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 19, 6814–6830, https://doi.org/10.1039/c7cp00696a, 2017.
Willis, M. D. and Wilson, K. R.: Coupled Interfacial and Bulk Kinetics Govern the Timescales of Multiphase Ozonolysis Reactions, J. Phys. Chem. A, 126, 4991–5010, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpca.2c03059, 2022.
Wilson, J., Pöschl, U., Shiraiwa, M., and Berkemeier, T.: Non-equilibrium interplay between gas–particle partitioning and multiphase chemical reactions of semi-volatile compounds: mechanistic insights and practical implications for atmospheric modeling of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 6175–6198, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6175-2021, 2021.
Wilson, K. R., Prophet, A. M., and Willis, M. D.: A Kinetic Model for Predicting Trace Gas Uptake and Reaction, J. Phys. Chem. A, 126, 7291–7308, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpca.2c03559, 2022.
Wincel, H., Mereand, E., and Castleman, A. W.: Gas-Phase Reactions of N2O5 with NO
Winkler, A. K., Holmes, N. S., and Crowley, J. N.: Interaction of methanol, acetone and formaldehyde with ice surfaces between 198 and 223 K, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 4, 5270–5275, https://doi.org/10.1039/b206258e, 2002.
Wittwer, H., Pino, P., and Suter, U. W.: Dipole-moments and conformational-analysis of copolymers of ethylene and carbon-monoxide, Macromolecules, 21, 1262–1269, https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00183a015, 1988.
Woodill, L. A., O'Neill, E. M., and Hinrichs, R. Z.: Impacts of Surface Adsorbed Catechol on Tropospheric Aerosol Surrogates: Heterogeneous Ozonolysis and Its Effects on Water Uptake, J. Phys. Chem. A, 117, 5620–5631, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp400748r, 2013.
Worsnop, D. R., Zahniser, M. S., Kolb, C. E., Gardner, J. A., Watson, L. R., Vandoren, J. M., Jayne, J. T., and Davidovits, P.: Temperature-Dependence of Mass Accommodation of SO2 and H2O2 On Aqueous Surfaces, J. Phys. Chem., 93, 1159–1172, 1989.
Worsnop, D. R., Morris, J. W., Shi, Q., Davidovits, P., and Kolb, C. E.: A chemical kinetic model for reactive transformations of aerosol particles, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 57-1–57-4, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002GL015542, 2002.
Yamasaki, H., Kuwata, K., and Miyamoto, H.: Effects of ambient-temperature on aspects of airborne polycyclic aromatic-hydrocarbons, Environ. Sci. Technol., 16, 189–194, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00098a003, 1982.
Yang, H. and Whitten, J. L.: Energetics of hydroxyl and influence of coadsorbed oxygen on metal surfaces, J. Phys. Chem. B, 101, 4090–4096, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp9702311, 1997.
Yankova, R., Dimov, M., Dobreva, K., and Stoyanova, A.: Electronic structure, reactivity, and Hirshfeld surface analysis of carvone, J. Chem. Res, 43, 319–329, https://doi.org/10.1177/1747519819863957, 2019.
Yaws, C. L.: Thermophysical Properties of Chemicals and Hydrocarbons 2nd, Elsevier, Oxford, 1000 pp., ISBN 9780323286596, 2014.
You, Y. and Bertram, A. K.: Effects of molecular weight and temperature on liquid–liquid phase separation in particles containing organic species and inorganic salts, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 1351–1365, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-1351-2015, 2015.
You, Y., Renbaum-Wolff, L., Carreras-Sospedra, M., Hanna, S. J., Hiranuma, N., Kamal, S., Smith, M. L., Zhang, X. L., Weber, R. J., Shilling, J. E., Dabdub, D., Martin, S. T., and Bertram, A. K.: Images reveal that atmospheric particles can undergo liquid-liquid phase separations, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 109, 13188–13193, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1206414109, 2012.
You, Y., Smith, M. L., Song, M. J., Martin, S. T., and Bertram, A. K.: Liquid-liquid phase separation in atmospherically relevant particles consisting of organic species and inorganic salts, Int. Rev. Phys. Chem., 33, 43–77, https://doi.org/10.1080/0144235x.2014.890786, 2014.
Zen, A., Trout, B. L., and Guidoni, L.: Properties of reactive oxygen species by quantum Monte Carlo, J. Chem. Phys., 141, 14, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4885144, 2014.
Zhang, I. Y. and Grüneis, A.: Coupled Cluster Theory in Materials Science, Frontiers in Materials, 6, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2019.00123, 2019.
Zhang, Y. and Fakhraai, Z.: Decoupling of surface diffusion and relaxation dynamics of molecular glasses, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 114, 4915–4919, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1701400114, 2017.
Zhao, X. Y., Nathanson, G. M., and Andersson, G. G.: Experimental Depth Profiles of Surfactants, Ions, and Solvent at the Angstrom Scale: Studies of Cationic and Anionic Surfactants and Their Salting Out, J. Phys. Chem. B, 124, 2218–2229, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b11686, 2020.
Zheng, G. J., Su, H., Wang, S. W., Andreae, M. O., Poschl, U., and Cheng, Y. F.: Multiphase buffer theory explains contrasts in atmospheric aerosol acidity, Science, 369, 1374–1377, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aba3719, 2020.
Zhou, S., Shiraiwa, M., McWhinney, R. D., Pöschl, U., and Abbatt, J. P. D.: Kinetic limitations in gas-particle reactions arising from slow diffusion in secondary organic aerosol, Faraday Discuss., 165, 391–406, https://doi.org/10.1039/c3fd00030c, 2013.
Zimmermann, S., Kippenberger, M., Schuster, G., and Crowley, J. N.: Adsorption isotherms for hydrogen chloride (HCl) on ice surfaces between 190 and 220 K, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 18, 13799–13810, https://doi.org/10.1039/c6cp01962e, 2016.
Zobrist, B., Marcolli, C., Pedernera, D. A., and Koop, T.: Do atmospheric aerosols form glasses?, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 5221–5244, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-5221-2008, 2008.
Zobrist, B., Soonsin, V., Luo, B. P., Krieger, B. P., Marcolli, C., Peter, T., and Koop, T.: Ultra-slow water diffusion in aqueous sucrose glasses, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 13, 3514–3526, 2011.
Short summary
The initial step of interfacial and multiphase chemical processes involves adsorption and desorption of gas species. This study demonstrates the role of desorption energy governing the residence time of the gas species at the environmental interface. A parameterization is formulated that enables the prediction of desorption energy based on the molecular weight, polarizability, and oxygen-to-carbon ratio of the desorbing chemical species. Its application to gas–particle interactions is discussed.
The initial step of interfacial and multiphase chemical processes involves adsorption and...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint