Articles | Volume 23, issue 19
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12753-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12753-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Volatile organic compound fluxes in the agricultural San Joaquin Valley – spatial distribution, source attribution, and inventory comparison
Eva Y. Pfannerstill
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management,
University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
Caleb Arata
Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management,
University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
Qindan Zhu
Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California,
Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
now at: Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
Benjamin C. Schulze
Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
Roy Woods
Department of Meteorology, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA 93943, USA
John H. Seinfeld
Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
Anthony Bucholtz
Department of Meteorology, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA 93943, USA
Ronald C. Cohen
Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California,
Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management,
University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
Related authors
Biplob Dey, Toke Due Sjøgren, Peeyush Khare, Georgios I. Gkatzelis, Yizhen Wu, Sindhu Vasireddy, Martin Schultz, Alexander Knohl, Riikka Rinnan, Thorsten Hohaus, and Eva Y. Pfannerstill
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3779, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3779, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Biogeosciences (BG).
Short summary
Short summary
Trees release reactive gases that affect air quality and climate. We studied how these emissions from European beech and English oak change under realistic scenarios of combined and single heat and ozone stress. Heat increased emissions, while ozone reduced most of them. When stressors were combined, the effects were complex and varied by species. Machine learning identified key stress-related compounds. Our findings show that future tree stress may alter air quality and climate interactions.
Erin F. Katz, Caleb M. Arata, Eva Y. Pfannerstill, Robert J. Weber, Darian Ng, Michael J. Milazzo, Haley Byrne, Hui Wang, Alex B. Guenther, Camilo Rey-Sanchez, Joshua Apte, Dennis D. Baldocchi, and Allen H. Goldstein
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2682, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2682, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Terpenoids are organic gases that can originate from natural and human-caused sources, and their fast reactions in the atmosphere can cause air pollution. Emissions of organic gases in an urban environment were measured. For some terpenoids, human-caused sources were responsible for about a quarter of the emissions, while others were likely to be entirely from vegetation. The terpenoids contributed substantially to the potential to form secondary pollutants.
Shihan Sun, Paul I. Palmer, Richard Siddans, Brian J. Kerridge, Lucy Ventress, Achim Edtbauer, Akima Ringsdorf, Eva Y. Pfannerstill, and Jonathan Williams
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-778, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-778, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Isoprene released by plants can impact atmospheric chemistry and climate. The Amazon rainforest is a major source of isoprene. We derived isoprene emissions using satellite retrievals of isoprene columns and a chemical transport model. We evaluated our isoprene emission estimates using ground-based isoprene observations and satellite retrievals of formaldehyde. We found that using satellite retrievals of isoprene can help better understand isoprene emissions over the Amazon.
Luiz A. T. Machado, Jürgen Kesselmeier, Santiago Botía, Hella van Asperen, Meinrat O. Andreae, Alessandro C. de Araújo, Paulo Artaxo, Achim Edtbauer, Rosaria R. Ferreira, Marco A. Franco, Hartwig Harder, Sam P. Jones, Cléo Q. Dias-Júnior, Guido G. Haytzmann, Carlos A. Quesada, Shujiro Komiya, Jost Lavric, Jos Lelieveld, Ingeborg Levin, Anke Nölscher, Eva Pfannerstill, Mira L. Pöhlker, Ulrich Pöschl, Akima Ringsdorf, Luciana Rizzo, Ana M. Yáñez-Serrano, Susan Trumbore, Wanda I. D. Valenti, Jordi Vila-Guerau de Arellano, David Walter, Jonathan Williams, Stefan Wolff, and Christopher Pöhlker
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8893–8910, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8893-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8893-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Composite analysis of gas concentration before and after rainfall, during the day and night, gives insight into the complex relationship between trace gas variability and precipitation. The analysis helps us to understand the sources and sinks of trace gases within a forest ecosystem. It elucidates processes that are not discernible under undisturbed conditions and contributes to a deeper understanding of the trace gas life cycle and its intricate interactions with cloud dynamics in the Amazon.
Qindan Zhu, Rebecca H. Schwantes, Matthew Coggon, Colin Harkins, Jordan Schnell, Jian He, Havala O. T. Pye, Meng Li, Barry Baker, Zachary Moon, Ravan Ahmadov, Eva Y. Pfannerstill, Bryan Place, Paul Wooldridge, Benjamin C. Schulze, Caleb Arata, Anthony Bucholtz, John H. Seinfeld, Carsten Warneke, Chelsea E. Stockwell, Lu Xu, Kristen Zuraski, Michael A. Robinson, J. Andrew Neuman, Patrick R. Veres, Jeff Peischl, Steven S. Brown, Allen H. Goldstein, Ronald C. Cohen, and Brian C. McDonald
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 5265–5286, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5265-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5265-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) fuel the production of air pollutants like ozone and particulate matter. The representation of VOC chemistry remains challenging due to its complexity in speciation and reactions. Here, we develop a chemical mechanism, RACM2B-VCP, that better represents VOC chemistry in urban areas such as Los Angeles. We also discuss the contribution of VOCs emitted from volatile chemical products and other anthropogenic sources to total VOC reactivity and O3.
Matthew M. Coggon, Chelsea E. Stockwell, Megan S. Claflin, Eva Y. Pfannerstill, Lu Xu, Jessica B. Gilman, Julia Marcantonio, Cong Cao, Kelvin Bates, Georgios I. Gkatzelis, Aaron Lamplugh, Erin F. Katz, Caleb Arata, Eric C. Apel, Rebecca S. Hornbrook, Felix Piel, Francesca Majluf, Donald R. Blake, Armin Wisthaler, Manjula Canagaratna, Brian M. Lerner, Allen H. Goldstein, John E. Mak, and Carsten Warneke
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 801–825, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-801-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-801-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Mass spectrometry is a tool commonly used to measure air pollutants. This study evaluates measurement artifacts produced in the proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometer. We provide methods to correct these biases and better measure compounds that degrade air quality.
Clara M. Nussbaumer, Bryan K. Place, Qindan Zhu, Eva Y. Pfannerstill, Paul Wooldridge, Benjamin C. Schulze, Caleb Arata, Ryan Ward, Anthony Bucholtz, John H. Seinfeld, Allen H. Goldstein, and Ronald C. Cohen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 13015–13028, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13015-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13015-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
NOx is a precursor to hazardous tropospheric ozone and can be emitted from various anthropogenic sources. It is important to quantify NOx emissions in urban environments to improve the local air quality, which still remains a challenge, as sources are heterogeneous in space and time. In this study, we calculate NOx emissions over Los Angeles, based on aircraft measurements in June 2021, and compare them to a local emission inventory, which we find mostly overpredicts the measured values.
Qindan Zhu, Bryan Place, Eva Y. Pfannerstill, Sha Tong, Huanxin Zhang, Jun Wang, Clara M. Nussbaumer, Paul Wooldridge, Benjamin C. Schulze, Caleb Arata, Anthony Bucholtz, John H. Seinfeld, Allen H. Goldstein, and Ronald C. Cohen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9669–9683, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9669-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9669-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrogen oxide (NOx) is a hazardous air pollutant, and it is the precursor of short-lived climate forcers like tropospheric ozone and aerosol particles. While NOx emissions from transportation has been strictly regulated, soil NOx emissions are overlooked. We use the airborne flux measurements to observe NOx emissions from highways and urban and cultivated soil land cover types. We show non-negligible soil NOx emissions, which are significantly underestimated in current model simulations.
Therese S. Carter, Colette L. Heald, Jesse H. Kroll, Eric C. Apel, Donald Blake, Matthew Coggon, Achim Edtbauer, Georgios Gkatzelis, Rebecca S. Hornbrook, Jeff Peischl, Eva Y. Pfannerstill, Felix Piel, Nina G. Reijrink, Akima Ringsdorf, Carsten Warneke, Jonathan Williams, Armin Wisthaler, and Lu Xu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 12093–12111, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12093-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12093-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Fires emit many gases which can contribute to smog and air pollution. However, the amount and properties of these chemicals are not well understood, so this work updates and expands their representation in a global atmospheric model, including by adding new chemicals. We confirm that this updated representation generally matches measurements taken in several fire regions. We then show that fires provide ~15 % of atmospheric reactivity globally and more than 75 % over fire source regions.
Dirk Dienhart, John N. Crowley, Efstratios Bourtsoukidis, Achim Edtbauer, Philipp G. Eger, Lisa Ernle, Hartwig Harder, Bettina Hottmann, Monica Martinez, Uwe Parchatka, Jean-Daniel Paris, Eva Y. Pfannerstill, Roland Rohloff, Jan Schuladen, Christof Stönner, Ivan Tadic, Sebastian Tauer, Nijing Wang, Jonathan Williams, Jos Lelieveld, and Horst Fischer
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 17373–17388, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17373-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17373-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We present the first ship-based in situ measurements of formaldehyde (HCHO), hydroxyl radicals (OH) and the OH reactivity around the Arabian Peninsula. Regression analysis of the HCHO production rate and the related OH chemistry revealed the regional HCHO yield αeff, which represents the different chemical regimes encountered. Highest values were found for the Arabian Gulf (also known as the Persian Gulf), which highlights this region as a hotspot of photochemical air pollution.
Nils Friedrich, Philipp Eger, Justin Shenolikar, Nicolas Sobanski, Jan Schuladen, Dirk Dienhart, Bettina Hottmann, Ivan Tadic, Horst Fischer, Monica Martinez, Roland Rohloff, Sebastian Tauer, Hartwig Harder, Eva Y. Pfannerstill, Nijing Wang, Jonathan Williams, James Brooks, Frank Drewnick, Hang Su, Guo Li, Yafang Cheng, Jos Lelieveld, and John N. Crowley
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 7473–7498, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7473-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7473-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This paper uses NOx and NOz measurements from the 2017 AQABA ship campaign in the Mediterranean Sea and around the Arabian Peninsula to examine the influence e.g. of emissions from shipping and oil and gas production. Night-time losses of NOx dominated in the Arabian Gulf and in the Red Sea, whereas daytime losses were more important in the Mediterranean Sea. Nitric acid and organic nitrates were the most prevalent components of NOz.
Eva Y. Pfannerstill, Nina G. Reijrink, Achim Edtbauer, Akima Ringsdorf, Nora Zannoni, Alessandro Araújo, Florian Ditas, Bruna A. Holanda, Marta O. Sá, Anywhere Tsokankunku, David Walter, Stefan Wolff, Jošt V. Lavrič, Christopher Pöhlker, Matthias Sörgel, and Jonathan Williams
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 6231–6256, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6231-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6231-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Tropical forests are globally significant for atmospheric chemistry. However, the mixture of reactive organic gases emitted by these ecosystems is poorly understood. By comprehensive observations at an Amazon forest site, we show that oxygenated species were previously underestimated in their contribution to the tropical-forest reactant mix. Our results show rain and temperature effects and have implications for models and the understanding of ozone and particle formation above tropical forests.
Biplob Dey, Toke Due Sjøgren, Peeyush Khare, Georgios I. Gkatzelis, Yizhen Wu, Sindhu Vasireddy, Martin Schultz, Alexander Knohl, Riikka Rinnan, Thorsten Hohaus, and Eva Y. Pfannerstill
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3779, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3779, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Biogeosciences (BG).
Short summary
Short summary
Trees release reactive gases that affect air quality and climate. We studied how these emissions from European beech and English oak change under realistic scenarios of combined and single heat and ozone stress. Heat increased emissions, while ozone reduced most of them. When stressors were combined, the effects were complex and varied by species. Machine learning identified key stress-related compounds. Our findings show that future tree stress may alter air quality and climate interactions.
Jiaqi Shen, Ronald C. Cohen, Glenn M. Wolfe, and Xiaomeng Jin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 8701–8718, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-8701-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-8701-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study shows large chemical and radiative effects of smoke aerosols from fires on near-surface ozone production. Aerosol loading and NOx levels are identified as the primary factors influencing these effects. Furthermore, we show that the ratio of surface PM2.5 to NO2 tropospheric column can be used as an indicator for identifying aerosol-dominated regimes, facilitating the assessment of aerosol impacts on ozone formation through satellite observations.
Erin F. Katz, Caleb M. Arata, Eva Y. Pfannerstill, Robert J. Weber, Darian Ng, Michael J. Milazzo, Haley Byrne, Hui Wang, Alex B. Guenther, Camilo Rey-Sanchez, Joshua Apte, Dennis D. Baldocchi, and Allen H. Goldstein
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2682, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2682, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Terpenoids are organic gases that can originate from natural and human-caused sources, and their fast reactions in the atmosphere can cause air pollution. Emissions of organic gases in an urban environment were measured. For some terpenoids, human-caused sources were responsible for about a quarter of the emissions, while others were likely to be entirely from vegetation. The terpenoids contributed substantially to the potential to form secondary pollutants.
James D. A. Butler, Afsara Tasnia, Deep Sengupta, Nathan Kreisberg, Kelley C. Barsanti, Allen H. Goldstein, Chelsea V. Preble, Rebecca A. Sugrue, and Thomas W. Kirchstetter
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2295, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2295, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Prescribed burns are controlled fires used to prevent wildfires. Smoke emissions were measured to characterize emission factors and optical properties of black and brown soot particles. Brown particles were emitted at 7–14 times that of black particles and contributed 82 % of atmospheric absorption by particles for ultraviolet light and 23 % for total solar radiation. These findings will improve inventories and climate models for prescribed burns.
Shihan Sun, Paul I. Palmer, Richard Siddans, Brian J. Kerridge, Lucy Ventress, Achim Edtbauer, Akima Ringsdorf, Eva Y. Pfannerstill, and Jonathan Williams
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-778, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-778, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Isoprene released by plants can impact atmospheric chemistry and climate. The Amazon rainforest is a major source of isoprene. We derived isoprene emissions using satellite retrievals of isoprene columns and a chemical transport model. We evaluated our isoprene emission estimates using ground-based isoprene observations and satellite retrievals of formaldehyde. We found that using satellite retrievals of isoprene can help better understand isoprene emissions over the Amazon.
Reina S. Buenconsejo, Sophia M. Charan, John H. Seinfeld, and Paul O. Wennberg
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 1883–1897, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1883-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1883-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We look at the atmospheric chemistry of a volatile chemical product (VCP), benzyl alcohol. Benzyl alcohol and other VCPs may play a significant role in the formation of urban smog. By better understanding the chemistry of VCPs like benzyl alcohol, we may better understand observed data and how VCPs affect air quality. We identify products formed from benzyl alcohol chemistry and use this chemistry to understand how benzyl alcohol forms a key component of smog, secondary organic aerosol.
Bryan N. Duncan, Daniel C. Anderson, Arlene M. Fiore, Joanna Joiner, Nickolay A. Krotkov, Can Li, Dylan B. Millet, Julie M. Nicely, Luke D. Oman, Jason M. St. Clair, Joshua D. Shutter, Amir H. Souri, Sarah A. Strode, Brad Weir, Glenn M. Wolfe, Helen M. Worden, and Qindan Zhu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 13001–13023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13001-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13001-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Trace gases emitted to or formed within the atmosphere may be chemically or physically removed from the atmosphere. One trace gas, the hydroxyl radical (OH), is responsible for initiating the chemical removal of many trace gases, including some greenhouse gases. Despite its importance, scientists have not been able to adequately measure OH. In this opinion piece, we discuss promising new methods to indirectly constrain OH using satellite data of trace gases that control the abundance of OH.
Deepangsu Chatterjee, Randall V. Martin, Chi Li, Dandan Zhang, Haihui Zhu, Daven K. Henze, James H. Crawford, Ronald C. Cohen, Lok N. Lamsal, and Alexander M. Cede
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 12687–12706, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12687-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12687-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the hourly variation of NO2 columns and surface concentrations by applying the GEOS-Chem model to interpret aircraft and ground-based measurements over the US and Pandora sun photometer measurements over the US, Europe, and Asia. Corrections to the Pandora columns and finer model resolution improve the modeled representation of the summertime hourly variation of total NO2 columns to explain the weaker hourly variation in NO2 columns than at the surface.
Dandan Li, Dongyu Wang, Lucia Caudillo, Wiebke Scholz, Mingyi Wang, Sophie Tomaz, Guillaume Marie, Mihnea Surdu, Elias Eccli, Xianda Gong, Loic Gonzalez-Carracedo, Manuel Granzin, Joschka Pfeifer, Birte Rörup, Benjamin Schulze, Pekka Rantala, Sébastien Perrier, Armin Hansel, Joachim Curtius, Jasper Kirkby, Neil M. Donahue, Christian George, Imad El-Haddad, and Matthieu Riva
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 5413–5428, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-5413-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-5413-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Due to the analytical challenges of measuring organic vapors, it remains challenging to identify and quantify organic molecules present in the atmosphere. Here, we explore the performance of the Orbitrap chemical ionization mass spectrometer (CI-Orbitrap) using ammonium ion chemistry. This study shows that ammonium-ion-based chemistry associated with the high mass resolution of the Orbitrap mass analyzer can measure almost all inclusive compounds.
Benjamin A. Nault, Katherine R. Travis, James H. Crawford, Donald R. Blake, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Ronald C. Cohen, Joshua P. DiGangi, Glenn S. Diskin, Samuel R. Hall, L. Gregory Huey, Jose L. Jimenez, Kyung-Eun Min, Young Ro Lee, Isobel J. Simpson, Kirk Ullmann, and Armin Wisthaler
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 9573–9595, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9573-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9573-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ozone (O3) is a pollutant formed from the reactions of gases emitted from various sources. In urban areas, the density of human activities can increase the O3 formation rate (P(O3)), thus impacting air quality and health. Observations collected over Seoul, South Korea, are used to constrain P(O3). A high local P(O3) was found; however, local P(O3) was partly reduced due to compounds typically ignored. These observations also provide constraints for unmeasured compounds that will impact P(O3).
Katherine R. Travis, Benjamin A. Nault, James H. Crawford, Kelvin H. Bates, Donald R. Blake, Ronald C. Cohen, Alan Fried, Samuel R. Hall, L. Gregory Huey, Young Ro Lee, Simone Meinardi, Kyung-Eun Min, Isobel J. Simpson, and Kirk Ullman
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 9555–9572, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9555-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9555-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Human activities result in the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that contribute to air pollution. Detailed VOC measurements were taken during a field study in South Korea. When compared to VOC inventories, large discrepancies showed underestimates from chemical products, liquefied petroleum gas, and long-range transport. Improved emissions and chemistry of these VOCs better described urban pollution. The new chemical scheme is relevant to urban areas and other VOC sources.
Kira Zeider, Grace Betito, Anthony Bucholtz, Peng Xian, Annette Walker, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 9059–9083, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9059-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9059-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The predominant wind direction along the California coast (northerly) reverses several times during the summer (to southerly). The effects of these wind reversals on aerosol and cloud characteristics are not well understood. Using data from multiple datasets we found that southerly flow periods had enhanced signatures of anthropogenic emissions due to shipping and continental sources, and clouds had more but smaller droplets.
Luiz A. T. Machado, Jürgen Kesselmeier, Santiago Botía, Hella van Asperen, Meinrat O. Andreae, Alessandro C. de Araújo, Paulo Artaxo, Achim Edtbauer, Rosaria R. Ferreira, Marco A. Franco, Hartwig Harder, Sam P. Jones, Cléo Q. Dias-Júnior, Guido G. Haytzmann, Carlos A. Quesada, Shujiro Komiya, Jost Lavric, Jos Lelieveld, Ingeborg Levin, Anke Nölscher, Eva Pfannerstill, Mira L. Pöhlker, Ulrich Pöschl, Akima Ringsdorf, Luciana Rizzo, Ana M. Yáñez-Serrano, Susan Trumbore, Wanda I. D. Valenti, Jordi Vila-Guerau de Arellano, David Walter, Jonathan Williams, Stefan Wolff, and Christopher Pöhlker
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8893–8910, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8893-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8893-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Composite analysis of gas concentration before and after rainfall, during the day and night, gives insight into the complex relationship between trace gas variability and precipitation. The analysis helps us to understand the sources and sinks of trace gases within a forest ecosystem. It elucidates processes that are not discernible under undisturbed conditions and contributes to a deeper understanding of the trace gas life cycle and its intricate interactions with cloud dynamics in the Amazon.
Qindan Zhu, Rebecca H. Schwantes, Matthew Coggon, Colin Harkins, Jordan Schnell, Jian He, Havala O. T. Pye, Meng Li, Barry Baker, Zachary Moon, Ravan Ahmadov, Eva Y. Pfannerstill, Bryan Place, Paul Wooldridge, Benjamin C. Schulze, Caleb Arata, Anthony Bucholtz, John H. Seinfeld, Carsten Warneke, Chelsea E. Stockwell, Lu Xu, Kristen Zuraski, Michael A. Robinson, J. Andrew Neuman, Patrick R. Veres, Jeff Peischl, Steven S. Brown, Allen H. Goldstein, Ronald C. Cohen, and Brian C. McDonald
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 5265–5286, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5265-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5265-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) fuel the production of air pollutants like ozone and particulate matter. The representation of VOC chemistry remains challenging due to its complexity in speciation and reactions. Here, we develop a chemical mechanism, RACM2B-VCP, that better represents VOC chemistry in urban areas such as Los Angeles. We also discuss the contribution of VOCs emitted from volatile chemical products and other anthropogenic sources to total VOC reactivity and O3.
Matthew M. Coggon, Chelsea E. Stockwell, Lu Xu, Jeff Peischl, Jessica B. Gilman, Aaron Lamplugh, Henry J. Bowman, Kenneth Aikin, Colin Harkins, Qindan Zhu, Rebecca H. Schwantes, Jian He, Meng Li, Karl Seltzer, Brian McDonald, and Carsten Warneke
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 4289–4304, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4289-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4289-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Residential and commercial cooking emits pollutants that degrade air quality. Here, ambient observations show that cooking is an important contributor to anthropogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted in Las Vegas, NV. These emissions are not fully presented in air quality models, and more work may be needed to quantify emissions from important sources, such as commercial restaurants.
Elyse A. Pennington, Yuan Wang, Benjamin C. Schulze, Karl M. Seltzer, Jiani Yang, Bin Zhao, Zhe Jiang, Hongru Shi, Melissa Venecek, Daniel Chau, Benjamin N. Murphy, Christopher M. Kenseth, Ryan X. Ward, Havala O. T. Pye, and John H. Seinfeld
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2345–2363, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2345-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2345-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
To assess the air quality in Los Angeles (LA), we improved the CMAQ model by using dynamic traffic emissions and new secondary organic aerosol schemes to represent volatile chemical products. Source apportionment demonstrates that the urban areas of the LA Basin and vicinity are NOx-saturated, with the largest sensitivity of O3 to changes in volatile organic compounds in the urban core. The improvement and remaining issues shed light on the future direction of the model development.
Milan Y. Patel, Pietro F. Vannucci, Jinsol Kim, William M. Berelson, and Ronald C. Cohen
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 1051–1060, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-1051-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-1051-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Low-cost particulate matter (PM) sensors are becoming increasingly common in community monitoring and atmospheric research, but these sensors require proper calibration to provide accurate reporting. Here, we propose a hygroscopic growth calibration scheme that evolves in time to account for seasonal changes in hygroscopic growth. In San Francisco and Los Angeles, CA, applying a seasonal hygroscopic growth calibration can account for sensor biases driven by the seasonal cycles in PM composition.
Matthew M. Coggon, Chelsea E. Stockwell, Megan S. Claflin, Eva Y. Pfannerstill, Lu Xu, Jessica B. Gilman, Julia Marcantonio, Cong Cao, Kelvin Bates, Georgios I. Gkatzelis, Aaron Lamplugh, Erin F. Katz, Caleb Arata, Eric C. Apel, Rebecca S. Hornbrook, Felix Piel, Francesca Majluf, Donald R. Blake, Armin Wisthaler, Manjula Canagaratna, Brian M. Lerner, Allen H. Goldstein, John E. Mak, and Carsten Warneke
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 801–825, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-801-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-801-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Mass spectrometry is a tool commonly used to measure air pollutants. This study evaluates measurement artifacts produced in the proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometer. We provide methods to correct these biases and better measure compounds that degrade air quality.
Clara M. Nussbaumer, Bryan K. Place, Qindan Zhu, Eva Y. Pfannerstill, Paul Wooldridge, Benjamin C. Schulze, Caleb Arata, Ryan Ward, Anthony Bucholtz, John H. Seinfeld, Allen H. Goldstein, and Ronald C. Cohen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 13015–13028, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13015-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13015-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
NOx is a precursor to hazardous tropospheric ozone and can be emitted from various anthropogenic sources. It is important to quantify NOx emissions in urban environments to improve the local air quality, which still remains a challenge, as sources are heterogeneous in space and time. In this study, we calculate NOx emissions over Los Angeles, based on aircraft measurements in June 2021, and compare them to a local emission inventory, which we find mostly overpredicts the measured values.
Yutong Liang, Rebecca A. Wernis, Kasper Kristensen, Nathan M. Kreisberg, Philip L. Croteau, Scott C. Herndon, Arthur W. H. Chan, Nga L. Ng, and Allen H. Goldstein
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 12441–12454, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12441-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12441-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We measured the gas–particle partitioning behaviors of biomass burning markers and examined the effect of wildfire organic aerosol on the partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds. Most compounds measured are less volatile than model predictions. Wildfire aerosol enhanced the condensation of polar compounds and caused some nonpolar (e.g., polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) compounds to partition into the gas phase, thus affecting their lifetimes in the atmosphere and the mode of exposure.
Qindan Zhu, Bryan Place, Eva Y. Pfannerstill, Sha Tong, Huanxin Zhang, Jun Wang, Clara M. Nussbaumer, Paul Wooldridge, Benjamin C. Schulze, Caleb Arata, Anthony Bucholtz, John H. Seinfeld, Allen H. Goldstein, and Ronald C. Cohen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9669–9683, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9669-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9669-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrogen oxide (NOx) is a hazardous air pollutant, and it is the precursor of short-lived climate forcers like tropospheric ozone and aerosol particles. While NOx emissions from transportation has been strictly regulated, soil NOx emissions are overlooked. We use the airborne flux measurements to observe NOx emissions from highways and urban and cultivated soil land cover types. We show non-negligible soil NOx emissions, which are significantly underestimated in current model simulations.
Joschka Pfeifer, Naser G. A. Mahfouz, Benjamin C. Schulze, Serge Mathot, Dominik Stolzenburg, Rima Baalbaki, Zoé Brasseur, Lucia Caudillo, Lubna Dada, Manuel Granzin, Xu-Cheng He, Houssni Lamkaddam, Brandon Lopez, Vladimir Makhmutov, Ruby Marten, Bernhard Mentler, Tatjana Müller, Antti Onnela, Maxim Philippov, Ana A. Piedehierro, Birte Rörup, Meredith Schervish, Ping Tian, Nsikanabasi S. Umo, Dongyu S. Wang, Mingyi Wang, Stefan K. Weber, André Welti, Yusheng Wu, Marcel Zauner-Wieczorek, Antonio Amorim, Imad El Haddad, Markku Kulmala, Katrianne Lehtipalo, Tuukka Petäjä, António Tomé, Sander Mirme, Hanna E. Manninen, Neil M. Donahue, Richard C. Flagan, Andreas Kürten, Joachim Curtius, and Jasper Kirkby
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 6703–6718, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6703-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6703-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Attachment rate coefficients between ions and charged aerosol particles determine their lifetimes and may also influence cloud dynamics and aerosol processing. Here we present novel experiments that measure ion–aerosol attachment rate coefficients for multiply charged aerosol particles under atmospheric conditions in the CERN CLOUD chamber. Our results provide experimental discrimination between various theoretical models.
Yuchen Wang, Xvli Guo, Yajie Huo, Mengying Li, Yuqing Pan, Shaocai Yu, Alexander Baklanov, Daniel Rosenfeld, John H. Seinfeld, and Pengfei Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 5233–5249, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5233-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5233-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Substantial advances have been made in recent years toward detecting and quantifying methane super-emitters from space. However, such advances have rarely been expanded to measure the global methane pledge because large-scale swaths and high-resolution sampling have not been coordinated. Here we present a versatile spaceborne architecture that can juggle planet-scale and plant-level methane retrievals, challenge official emission reports, and remain relevant for stereoscopic measurements.
Chi Li, Randall V. Martin, Ronald C. Cohen, Liam Bindle, Dandan Zhang, Deepangsu Chatterjee, Hongjian Weng, and Jintai Lin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 3031–3049, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3031-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3031-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Models are essential to diagnose the significant effects of nitrogen oxides (NOx) on air pollution. We use an air quality model to illustrate the variability of NOx resolution-dependent simulation biases; how these biases depend on specific chemical environments, driving mechanisms, and vertical variabilities; and how these biases affect the interpretation of satellite observations. High-resolution simulations are thus critical to accurately interpret NOx and its relevance to air quality.
Amir H. Souri, Matthew S. Johnson, Glenn M. Wolfe, James H. Crawford, Alan Fried, Armin Wisthaler, William H. Brune, Donald R. Blake, Andrew J. Weinheimer, Tijl Verhoelst, Steven Compernolle, Gaia Pinardi, Corinne Vigouroux, Bavo Langerock, Sungyeon Choi, Lok Lamsal, Lei Zhu, Shuai Sun, Ronald C. Cohen, Kyung-Eun Min, Changmin Cho, Sajeev Philip, Xiong Liu, and Kelly Chance
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 1963–1986, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1963-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1963-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We have rigorously characterized different sources of error in satellite-based HCHO / NO2 tropospheric columns, a widely used metric for diagnosing near-surface ozone sensitivity. Specifically, the errors were categorized/quantified into (i) an inherent chemistry error, (ii) the decoupled relationship between columns and the near-surface concentration, (iii) the spatial representativeness error of ground satellite pixels, and (iv) the satellite retrieval errors.
Viral Shah, Daniel J. Jacob, Ruijun Dang, Lok N. Lamsal, Sarah A. Strode, Stephen D. Steenrod, K. Folkert Boersma, Sebastian D. Eastham, Thibaud M. Fritz, Chelsea Thompson, Jeff Peischl, Ilann Bourgeois, Ilana B. Pollack, Benjamin A. Nault, Ronald C. Cohen, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Jose L. Jimenez, Simone T. Andersen, Lucy J. Carpenter, Tomás Sherwen, and Mat J. Evans
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 1227–1257, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1227-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1227-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
NOx in the free troposphere (above 2 km) affects global tropospheric chemistry and the retrieval and interpretation of satellite NO2 measurements. We evaluate free tropospheric NOx in global atmospheric chemistry models and find that recycling NOx from its reservoirs over the oceans is faster than that simulated in the models, resulting in increases in simulated tropospheric ozone and OH. Over the U.S., free tropospheric NO2 contributes the majority of the tropospheric NO2 column in summer.
Helen L. Fitzmaurice and Ronald C. Cohen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 15403–15411, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15403-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15403-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We develop a novel method for finding heavy-duty vehicle (HDV) emission factors (g PM kg fuel) using regulatory sensor networks and publicly available traffic data. We find that particulate matter emission factors have decreased by a factor of ~ 9 in the past decade in the San Francisco Bay area. Because of the wide availability of similar data sets across the USA and globally, this method could be applied to other settings to understand long-term trends and regional differences in HDV emissions.
Rebecca A. Wernis, Nathan M. Kreisberg, Robert J. Weber, Greg T. Drozd, and Allen H. Goldstein
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 14987–15019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14987-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14987-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We measured volatile and intermediate-volatility gases and semivolatile gas- and particle-phase compounds in the atmosphere during an 11 d period in a Bay Area suburb. We separated compounds based on variability in time to arrive at 13 distinct sources. Some compounds emitted from plants are found in greater quantities as fragrance compounds in consumer products. The wide volatility range of these measurements enables the construction of more complete source profiles.
Therese S. Carter, Colette L. Heald, Jesse H. Kroll, Eric C. Apel, Donald Blake, Matthew Coggon, Achim Edtbauer, Georgios Gkatzelis, Rebecca S. Hornbrook, Jeff Peischl, Eva Y. Pfannerstill, Felix Piel, Nina G. Reijrink, Akima Ringsdorf, Carsten Warneke, Jonathan Williams, Armin Wisthaler, and Lu Xu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 12093–12111, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12093-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12093-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Fires emit many gases which can contribute to smog and air pollution. However, the amount and properties of these chemicals are not well understood, so this work updates and expands their representation in a global atmospheric model, including by adding new chemicals. We confirm that this updated representation generally matches measurements taken in several fire regions. We then show that fires provide ~15 % of atmospheric reactivity globally and more than 75 % over fire source regions.
Mengying Li, Shaocai Yu, Xue Chen, Zhen Li, Yibo Zhang, Zhe Song, Weiping Liu, Pengfei Li, Xiaoye Zhang, Meigen Zhang, Yele Sun, Zirui Liu, Caiping Sun, Jingkun Jiang, Shuxiao Wang, Benjamin N. Murphy, Kiran Alapaty, Rohit Mathur, Daniel Rosenfeld, and John H. Seinfeld
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 11845–11866, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11845-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11845-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study constructed an emission inventory of condensable particulate matter (CPM) in China with a focus on organic aerosols (OAs), based on collected CPM emission information. The results show that OA emissions are enhanced twofold for the years 2014 and 2017 after the inclusion of CPM in the new inventory. Sensitivity cases demonstrated the significant contributions of CPM emissions from stationary combustion and mobile sources to primary, secondary, and total OA concentrations.
Yutong Liang, Christos Stamatis, Edward C. Fortner, Rebecca A. Wernis, Paul Van Rooy, Francesca Majluf, Tara I. Yacovitch, Conner Daube, Scott C. Herndon, Nathan M. Kreisberg, Kelley C. Barsanti, and Allen H. Goldstein
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 9877–9893, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9877-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9877-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This article reports the measurements of organic compounds emitted from western US wildfires. We identified and quantified 240 particle-phase compounds and 72 gas-phase compounds emitted in wildfire and related the emissions to the modified combustion efficiency. Higher emissions of diterpenoids and monoterpenes were observed, likely due to distillation from unburned heated vegetation. Our results can benefit future source apportionment and modeling studies as well as exposure assessments.
Emily B. Franklin, Lindsay D. Yee, Bernard Aumont, Robert J. Weber, Paul Grigas, and Allen H. Goldstein
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 3779–3803, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-3779-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-3779-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The composition of atmospheric aerosols are extremely complex, containing hundreds of thousands of estimated individual compounds. The majority of these compounds have never been catalogued in widely used databases, making them extremely difficult for atmospheric chemists to identify and analyze. In this work, we present Ch3MS-RF, a machine-learning-based model to enable characterization of complex mixtures and prediction of structure-specific properties of unidentifiable organic compounds.
Shenglun Wu, Hyung Joo Lee, Andrea Anderson, Shang Liu, Toshihiro Kuwayama, John H. Seinfeld, and Michael J. Kleeman
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 4929–4949, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4929-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4929-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
An ozone control experiment usually conducted in the laboratory was installed in a trailer and moved to the outdoor environment to directly confirm that we are controlling the right sources in order to lower ambient ozone concentrations. Adding small amounts of precursor oxides of nitrogen and volatile organic compounds to ambient air showed that the highest ozone concentrations are best controlled by reducing concentrations of oxides of nitrogen. The results confirm satellite measurements.
Andrew J. Lindsay, Daniel C. Anderson, Rebecca A. Wernis, Yutong Liang, Allen H. Goldstein, Scott C. Herndon, Joseph R. Roscioli, Christoph Dyroff, Ed C. Fortner, Philip L. Croteau, Francesca Majluf, Jordan E. Krechmer, Tara I. Yacovitch, Walter B. Knighton, and Ezra C. Wood
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 4909–4928, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4909-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4909-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Wildfire smoke dramatically impacts air quality and often has elevated concentrations of ozone. We present measurements of ozone and its precursors at a rural site periodically impacted by wildfire smoke. Measurements of total peroxy radicals, key ozone precursors that have been studied little within wildfires, compare well with chemical box model predictions. Our results indicate no serious issues with using current chemistry mechanisms to model chemistry in aged wildfire plumes.
Glenn M. Wolfe, Thomas F. Hanisco, Heather L. Arkinson, Donald R. Blake, Armin Wisthaler, Tomas Mikoviny, Thomas B. Ryerson, Ilana Pollack, Jeff Peischl, Paul O. Wennberg, John D. Crounse, Jason M. St. Clair, Alex Teng, L. Gregory Huey, Xiaoxi Liu, Alan Fried, Petter Weibring, Dirk Richter, James Walega, Samuel R. Hall, Kirk Ullmann, Jose L. Jimenez, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, T. Paul Bui, Glenn Diskin, James R. Podolske, Glen Sachse, and Ronald C. Cohen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 4253–4275, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4253-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4253-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Smoke plumes are chemically complex. This work combines airborne observations of smoke plume composition with a photochemical model to probe the production of ozone and the fate of reactive gases in the outflow of a large wildfire. Model–measurement comparisons illustrate how uncertain emissions and chemical processes propagate into simulated chemical evolution. Results provide insight into how this system responds to perturbations, which can help guide future observation and modeling efforts.
Helen L. Fitzmaurice, Alexander J. Turner, Jinsol Kim, Katherine Chan, Erin R. Delaria, Catherine Newman, Paul Wooldridge, and Ronald C. Cohen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 3891–3900, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3891-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3891-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
On-road emissions are thought to vary widely from existing predictions, as the effects of the age of the vehicle fleet, the performance of emission control systems, and variations in speed are difficult to assess under ambient driving conditions. We present an observational approach to characterize on-road emissions and show that the method is consistent with other approaches to within ~ 3 %.
Delaney B. Kilgour, Gordon A. Novak, Jon S. Sauer, Alexia N. Moore, Julie Dinasquet, Sarah Amiri, Emily B. Franklin, Kathryn Mayer, Margaux Winter, Clare K. Morris, Tyler Price, Francesca Malfatti, Daniel R. Crocker, Christopher Lee, Christopher D. Cappa, Allen H. Goldstein, Kimberly A. Prather, and Timothy H. Bertram
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 1601–1613, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1601-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1601-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We report measurements of gas-phase volatile organosulfur molecules made during a mesocosm phytoplankton bloom experiment. Dimethyl sulfide (DMS), methanethiol (MeSH), and benzothiazole accounted for on average over 90 % of total gas-phase sulfur emissions. This work focuses on factors controlling the production and emission of DMS and MeSH and the role of non-DMS molecules (such as MeSH and benzothiazole) in secondary sulfate formation in coastal marine environments.
Douglas A. Day, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Benjamin A. Nault, Brett B. Palm, Weiwei Hu, Hongyu Guo, Paul J. Wooldridge, Ronald C. Cohen, Kenneth S. Docherty, J. Alex Huffman, Suzane S. de Sá, Scot T. Martin, and Jose L. Jimenez
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 459–483, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-459-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-459-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Particle-phase nitrates are an important component of atmospheric aerosols and chemistry. In this paper, we systematically explore the application of aerosol mass spectrometry (AMS) to quantify the organic and inorganic nitrate fractions of aerosols in the atmosphere. While AMS has been used for a decade to quantify nitrates, methods are not standardized. We make recommendations for a more universal approach based on this analysis of a large range of field and laboratory observations.
Sophia M. Charan, Yuanlong Huang, Reina S. Buenconsejo, Qi Li, David R. Cocker III, and John H. Seinfeld
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 917–928, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-917-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-917-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we investigate the secondary organic aerosol formation potential of decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5), which is used as a tracer for volatile chemical products and measured in high concentrations both outdoors and indoors. By performing experiments in different types of reactors, we find that D5’s aerosol formation is highly dependent on OH, and, at low OH concentrations or exposures, D5 forms little aerosol. We also reconcile results from other studies.
Alexander J. Turner, Philipp Köhler, Troy S. Magney, Christian Frankenberg, Inez Fung, and Ronald C. Cohen
Biogeosciences, 18, 6579–6588, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6579-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6579-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This work builds a high-resolution estimate (500 m) of gross primary productivity (GPP) over the US using satellite measurements of solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) from the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) between 2018 and 2020. We identify ecosystem-specific scaling factors for estimating gross primary productivity (GPP) from TROPOMI SIF. Extreme precipitation events drive four regional GPP anomalies that account for 28 % of year-to-year GPP differences across the US.
Elyse A. Pennington, Karl M. Seltzer, Benjamin N. Murphy, Momei Qin, John H. Seinfeld, and Havala O. T. Pye
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 18247–18261, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-18247-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-18247-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Volatile chemical products (VCPs) are commonly used consumer and industrial items that contribute to the formation of atmospheric aerosol. We implemented the emissions and chemistry of VCPs in a regional-scale model and compared predictions with measurements made in Los Angeles. Our results reduced model bias and suggest that VCPs may contribute up to half of anthropogenic secondary organic aerosol in Los Angeles and are an important source of human-influenced particular matter in urban areas.
Dirk Dienhart, John N. Crowley, Efstratios Bourtsoukidis, Achim Edtbauer, Philipp G. Eger, Lisa Ernle, Hartwig Harder, Bettina Hottmann, Monica Martinez, Uwe Parchatka, Jean-Daniel Paris, Eva Y. Pfannerstill, Roland Rohloff, Jan Schuladen, Christof Stönner, Ivan Tadic, Sebastian Tauer, Nijing Wang, Jonathan Williams, Jos Lelieveld, and Horst Fischer
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 17373–17388, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17373-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17373-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We present the first ship-based in situ measurements of formaldehyde (HCHO), hydroxyl radicals (OH) and the OH reactivity around the Arabian Peninsula. Regression analysis of the HCHO production rate and the related OH chemistry revealed the regional HCHO yield αeff, which represents the different chemical regimes encountered. Highest values were found for the Arabian Gulf (also known as the Persian Gulf), which highlights this region as a hotspot of photochemical air pollution.
Lucía Caudillo, Birte Rörup, Martin Heinritzi, Guillaume Marie, Mario Simon, Andrea C. Wagner, Tatjana Müller, Manuel Granzin, Antonio Amorim, Farnoush Ataei, Rima Baalbaki, Barbara Bertozzi, Zoé Brasseur, Randall Chiu, Biwu Chu, Lubna Dada, Jonathan Duplissy, Henning Finkenzeller, Loïc Gonzalez Carracedo, Xu-Cheng He, Victoria Hofbauer, Weimeng Kong, Houssni Lamkaddam, Chuan P. Lee, Brandon Lopez, Naser G. A. Mahfouz, Vladimir Makhmutov, Hanna E. Manninen, Ruby Marten, Dario Massabò, Roy L. Mauldin, Bernhard Mentler, Ugo Molteni, Antti Onnela, Joschka Pfeifer, Maxim Philippov, Ana A. Piedehierro, Meredith Schervish, Wiebke Scholz, Benjamin Schulze, Jiali Shen, Dominik Stolzenburg, Yuri Stozhkov, Mihnea Surdu, Christian Tauber, Yee Jun Tham, Ping Tian, António Tomé, Steffen Vogt, Mingyi Wang, Dongyu S. Wang, Stefan K. Weber, André Welti, Wang Yonghong, Wu Yusheng, Marcel Zauner-Wieczorek, Urs Baltensperger, Imad El Haddad, Richard C. Flagan, Armin Hansel, Kristina Höhler, Jasper Kirkby, Markku Kulmala, Katrianne Lehtipalo, Ottmar Möhler, Harald Saathoff, Rainer Volkamer, Paul M. Winkler, Neil M. Donahue, Andreas Kürten, and Joachim Curtius
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 17099–17114, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17099-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17099-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We performed experiments in the CLOUD chamber at CERN at low temperatures to simulate new particle formation in the upper free troposphere (at −30 ºC and −50 ºC). We measured the particle and gas phase and found that most of the compounds present in the gas phase are detected as well in the particle phase. The major compounds in the particles are C8–10 and C18–20. Specifically, we showed that C5 and C15 compounds are detected in a mixed system with isoprene and α-pinene at −30 ºC, 20 % RH.
Linhui Jiang, Yan Xia, Lu Wang, Xue Chen, Jianjie Ye, Tangyan Hou, Liqiang Wang, Yibo Zhang, Mengying Li, Zhen Li, Zhe Song, Yaping Jiang, Weiping Liu, Pengfei Li, Daniel Rosenfeld, John H. Seinfeld, and Shaocai Yu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 16985–17002, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16985-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16985-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This paper establishes a bottom-up approach to reveal a unique pattern of urban on-road vehicle emissions at a spatial resolution 1–3 orders of magnitude higher than current inventories. The results show that the hourly average on-road vehicle emissions of CO, NOx, HC, and PM2.5 are 74 kg, 40 kg, 8 kg, and 2 kg, respectively. Integrating our traffic-monitoring-based approach with urban measurements, we could address major data gaps between urban air pollutant emissions and concentrations.
Xiaomeng Jin, Qindan Zhu, and Ronald C. Cohen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 15569–15587, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15569-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15569-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We describe direct estimates of NOx emissions and lifetimes for biomass burning plumes using daily TROPOMI retrievals of NO2. Satellite-derived NOx emission factors are consistent with those from in situ measurements. We observe decreasing NOx lifetime with fire intensity, which is due to the increase in NOx abundance and radical production. Our findings suggest promise for applying space-based observations to track the emissions and chemical evolution of reactive nitrogen from wildfires.
Rebecca A. Wernis, Nathan M. Kreisberg, Robert J. Weber, Yutong Liang, John Jayne, Susanne Hering, and Allen H. Goldstein
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 6533–6550, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-6533-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-6533-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
cTAG is a new scientific instrument that measures concentrations of organic chemicals in the atmosphere. cTAG is the first instrument capable of measuring small, light chemicals as well as heavier chemicals and everything in between on a single detector, every hour. In this work we explain how cTAG works and some of the tests we performed to verify that it works properly and reliably. We also present measurements of alkanes that suggest they have three dominant sources in a Bay Area suburb.
Erin R. Delaria, Jinsol Kim, Helen L. Fitzmaurice, Catherine Newman, Paul J. Wooldridge, Kevin Worthington, and Ronald C. Cohen
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 5487–5500, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-5487-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-5487-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The use of a dense network of low-cost CO2 sensors is an attractive option for measuring CO2 emissions in cities. However, these low-cost sensors are also subject to uncertainties. Here, we describe a novel method of field calibration for correcting temperature-related errors in the CO2 sensors deployed in the BEACO2N network. We show that with this temperature correction, we can achieve a sufficiently low network error to allow for the evaluation of CO2 emissions at a neighborhood scale.
Weimeng Kong, Stavros Amanatidis, Huajun Mai, Changhyuk Kim, Benjamin C. Schulze, Yuanlong Huang, Gregory S. Lewis, Susanne V. Hering, John H. Seinfeld, and Richard C. Flagan
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 5429–5445, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-5429-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-5429-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We present the design, modeling, and experimental characterization of the nano-scanning electrical mobility spectrometer (nSEMS), a recently developed instrument that probes particle physical properties in the 1.5–25 nm range. The nSEMS has proven to be extremely powerful in examining atmospheric nucleation and the subsequent growth of nanoparticles in the CERN CLOUD experiment, which provides a valuable asset to study atmospheric nanoparticles and to evaluate their impact on climate.
Xueling Liu, Arthur P. Mizzi, Jeffrey L. Anderson, Inez Fung, and Ronald C. Cohen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 9573–9583, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-9573-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-9573-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Observations of winds in the planetary boundary layer remain sparse, making it challenging to simulate and predict the atmospheric conditions that are most important for describing and predicting urban air quality. Here we investigate the application of data assimilation of NO2 columns as will be observed from geostationary orbit to improve predictions and retrospective analysis of wind fields in the boundary layer.
Stavros Amanatidis, Yuanlong Huang, Buddhi Pushpawela, Benjamin C. Schulze, Christopher M. Kenseth, Ryan X. Ward, John H. Seinfeld, Susanne V. Hering, and Richard C. Flagan
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 4507–4516, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-4507-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-4507-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We assess the performance of a highly portable mobility analyzer, the Spider DMA, in measuring ambient aerosol particle size distributions, with specific attention to its moderate sizing resolution (R=3). Long-term field testing showed excellent correlation with a conventional mobility analyzer (R=10) over the 17–500 nm range, suggesting that moderate resolution may be sufficient to obtain key properties of ambient size distributions, enabling smaller instruments and better counting statistics.
Nils Friedrich, Philipp Eger, Justin Shenolikar, Nicolas Sobanski, Jan Schuladen, Dirk Dienhart, Bettina Hottmann, Ivan Tadic, Horst Fischer, Monica Martinez, Roland Rohloff, Sebastian Tauer, Hartwig Harder, Eva Y. Pfannerstill, Nijing Wang, Jonathan Williams, James Brooks, Frank Drewnick, Hang Su, Guo Li, Yafang Cheng, Jos Lelieveld, and John N. Crowley
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 7473–7498, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7473-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7473-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This paper uses NOx and NOz measurements from the 2017 AQABA ship campaign in the Mediterranean Sea and around the Arabian Peninsula to examine the influence e.g. of emissions from shipping and oil and gas production. Night-time losses of NOx dominated in the Arabian Gulf and in the Red Sea, whereas daytime losses were more important in the Mediterranean Sea. Nitric acid and organic nitrates were the most prevalent components of NOz.
Eva Y. Pfannerstill, Nina G. Reijrink, Achim Edtbauer, Akima Ringsdorf, Nora Zannoni, Alessandro Araújo, Florian Ditas, Bruna A. Holanda, Marta O. Sá, Anywhere Tsokankunku, David Walter, Stefan Wolff, Jošt V. Lavrič, Christopher Pöhlker, Matthias Sörgel, and Jonathan Williams
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 6231–6256, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6231-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6231-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Tropical forests are globally significant for atmospheric chemistry. However, the mixture of reactive organic gases emitted by these ecosystems is poorly understood. By comprehensive observations at an Amazon forest site, we show that oxygenated species were previously underestimated in their contribution to the tropical-forest reactant mix. Our results show rain and temperature effects and have implications for models and the understanding of ozone and particle formation above tropical forests.
Yutong Liang, Coty N. Jen, Robert J. Weber, Pawel K. Misztal, and Allen H. Goldstein
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 5719–5737, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5719-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5719-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This article reports the molecular composition of smoke particles people in SF Bay Area were exposed to during northern California wildfires in Oct. 2017. Major components are sugars, acids, aromatics, and terpenoids. These observations can be used to better understand health impacts of smoke exposure. Tracer compounds indicate which fuels burned, including diterpenoids for softwood and syringyls for hardwood. A statistical analysis reveals a group of secondary compounds formed in daytime aging.
Hong Chen, Sebastian Schmidt, Michael D. King, Galina Wind, Anthony Bucholtz, Elizabeth A. Reid, Michal Segal-Rozenhaimer, William L. Smith, Patrick C. Taylor, Seiji Kato, and Peter Pilewskie
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 2673–2697, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-2673-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-2673-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, we accessed the shortwave irradiance derived from MODIS cloud optical properties by using aircraft measurements. We developed a data aggregation technique to parameterize spectral surface albedo by snow fraction in the Arctic. We found that undetected clouds have the most significant impact on the imagery-derived irradiance. This study suggests that passive imagery cloud detection could be improved through a multi-pixel approach that would make it more dependable in the Arctic.
Liqiang Wang, Shaocai Yu, Pengfei Li, Xue Chen, Zhen Li, Yibo Zhang, Mengying Li, Khalid Mehmood, Weiping Liu, Tianfeng Chai, Yannian Zhu, Daniel Rosenfeld, and John H. Seinfeld
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 14787–14800, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-14787-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-14787-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The Chinese government has made major strides in curbing anthropogenic emissions. In this study, we constrain a state-of-the-art CTM by a reliable data assimilation method with extensive chemical and meteorological observations. This comprehensive technical design provides a crucial advance in isolating the influences of emission changes and meteorological perturbations over the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) from 2016 to 2019, thus establishing the first map of the PM2.5 mitigation across the YRD.
Brigitte Rooney, Yuan Wang, Jonathan H. Jiang, Bin Zhao, Zhao-Cheng Zeng, and John H. Seinfeld
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 14597–14616, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-14597-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-14597-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Wildfires have become increasingly prevalent. Intense smoke consisting of particulate matter (PM) leads to an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. The record-breaking Camp Fire ravaged Northern California for two weeks in 2018. Here, we employ a comprehensive chemical transport model along with ground-based and satellite observations to characterize the PM concentrations across Northern California and to investigate the pollution sensitivity predictions to key parameters of the model.
Erin R. Delaria, Bryan K. Place, Amy X. Liu, and Ronald C. Cohen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 14023–14041, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-14023-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-14023-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Observations of NO2 deposition to vegetation have been widely reported, but the magnitude and mechanism remain uncertain. We use laboratory measurements to study NO2 deposition to leaves of 10 native California tree species. We report important differences in the uptake rates between species and find that this process is primarily diffusion-regulated. We suggest that processes within leaves at a cellular level represent a negligible limitation to NO2 deposition at the canopy level.
Sophia M. Charan, Reina S. Buenconsejo, and John H. Seinfeld
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 13167–13190, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-13167-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-13167-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In urban areas, the emissions from volatile chemical products may be responsible for the formation of as much particulate matter as motor vehicles. Since exposure to particulate matter is a public health crisis, understanding its formation is critical. In this work, we investigate the secondary organic aerosol formation potential of benzyl alcohol, an important compound that is representative of some of these new emission sources, and find that more particulate matter forms than is expected.
Cited articles
Ahmadov, R., McKeen, S. A., Robinson, A. L., Bahreini, R., Middlebrook, A.
M., Gouw, J. A. de, Meagher, J., Hsie, E.-Y., Edgerton, E., Shaw, S., and
Trainer, M.: A volatility basis set model for summertime secondary organic
aerosols over the eastern United States in 2006, J. Geophys. Res., 117, D06301, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD016831, 2012.
Bamberger, I., Hörtnagl, L., Schnitzhofer, R., Graus, M., Ruuskanen, T. M., Müller, M., Dunkl, J., Wohlfahrt, G., and Hansel, A.: BVOC fluxes above mountain grassland, Biogeosciences, 7, 1413–1424, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-1413-2010, 2010.
Blake, R. S., Whyte, C., Hughes, C. O., Ellis, A. M., and Monks, P. S.:
Demonstration of proton-transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry
for real-time analysis of trace volatile organic compounds, Anal. Chem., 76,
3841–3845, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac0498260, 2004.
Borhan, M. S., Capareda, S., Mukhtar, S., Faulkner, W. B., McGee, R., and
Parnell, C. B.: Comparison of seasonal phenol and p-cresol emissions from
ground-level area sources in a dairy operation in central Texas, J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc., 62, 381–392, https://doi.org/10.1080/10473289.2011.646050, 2012.
Brilli, F., Hörtnagl, L., Bamberger, I., Schnitzhofer, R., Ruuskanen, T.
M., Hansel, A., Loreto, F., and Wohlfahrt, G.: Qualitative and quantitative
characterization of volatile organic compound emissions from cut grass, Environ. Sci. Technol., 46, 3859–3865, https://doi.org/10.1021/es204025y, 2012.
Browne, E. C., Wooldridge, P. J., Min, K.-E., and Cohen, R. C.: On the role
of monoterpene chemistry in the remote continental boundary layer, Atmos.
Chem. Phys., 14, 1225–1238, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1225-2014, 2014.
Brunner, A., Ammann, C., Neftel, A., and Spirig, C.: Methanol exchange between grassland and the atmosphere, Biogeosciences, 4, 395–410,
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-4-395-2007, 2007.
Buhr, K., van Ruth, S., and Delahunty, C.: Analysis of volatile flavour compounds by Proton Transfer Reaction-Mass Spectrometry: fragmentation
patterns and discrimination between isobaric and isomeric compounds,
Int. J. Mass Spectrom., 221, 1–7, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1387-3806(02)00896-5, 2002.
Cai, C., Kulkarni, S., Zhao, Z., Kaduwela, A. P., Avise, J. C., DaMassa, J.
A., Singh, H. B., Weinheimer, A. J., Cohen, R. C., Diskin, G. S., Wennberg, P., Dibb, J. E., Huey, G., Wisthaler, A., Jimenez, J. L., and Cubison, M. J.: Simulating reactive nitrogen, carbon monoxide, and ozone in California during ARCTAS-CARB 2008 with high wildfire activity, Atmos. Environ., 128, 28–44, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ATMOSENV.2015.12.031, 2016.
CALGEM: California Active Well Sites, https://arcg.is/1X9KvH (last access: 5 October 2023), 2022.
California Department of Food and Agriculture: California Agricultural
Statistics Review 2019–2020, https://www.cdfa.ca.gov/Statistics/PDFs/2020_Ag_Stats_Review.pdf (last access: 27 November 2021), 2020.
Canaval, E., Millet, D. B., Zimmer, I., Nosenko, T., Georgii, E., Partoll,
E. M., Fischer, L., Alwe, H. D., Kulmala, M., Karl, T., Schnitzler, J.-P.,
and Hansel, A.: Rapid conversion of isoprene photooxidation products in
terrestrial plants, Commun. Earth Environ., 1, 1–9, https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-020-00041-2, 2020.
Coggon, M. M., Gkatzelis, G. I., McDonald, B. C., Gilman, J. B., Schwantes,
R. H., Abuhassan, N., Aikin, K. C., Arend, M. F., Berkoff, T. A., Brown, S.
S., Campos, T. L., Dickerson, R. R., Gronoff, G., Hurley, J. F., Isaacman-VanWertz, G., Koss, A. R., Li, M., McKeen, S. A., Moshary, F.,
Peischl, J., Pospisilova, V., Ren, X., Wilson, A., Wu, Y., Trainer, M., and
Warneke, C.: Volatile chemical product emissions enhance ozone and modulate
urban chemistry, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 118, 1–9, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2026653118, 2021.
Coggon, M. M., Stockwell, C. E., Claflin, M. S., Pfannerstill, E. Y., Lu, X., Gilman, J. B., Marcantonio, J., Cao, C., Bates, K., Gkatzelis, G. I., Lamplugh, A., Katz, E. F., Arata, C., Apel, E. C., Hornbrook, R. S., Piel, F., Majluf, F., Blake, D. R., Wisthaler, A., Canagaratna, M., Lerner, B. M., Goldstein, A. H., Mak, J. E., and Warneke, C.: Identifying and correcting interferences to PTR-ToF-MS measurements of isoprene and other urban volatile organic compounds, EGUsphere [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1497, 2023.
Das, M., Kang, D., Aneja, V. P., Lonneman, W., Cook, D. R., and Wesely, M.
L.: Measurements of hydrocarbon air–surface exchange rates over maize, Atmos. Environ., 37, 2269–2277, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(03)00076-1, 2003.
Davison, B., Brunner, A., Ammann, C., Spirig, C., Jocher, M., and Neftel, A.: Cut-induced VOC emissions from agricultural grasslands, Plant Biol., 10, 76–85, https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-965043, 2008.
European Chemical Agency: Kerosine (petroleum),
https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/15567/11/?documentUUID=8bcc8b52-7801-40dd-a85d-c9feb8ed0f9d
(last access: 10 February 2023), 2006.
Faloona, I. C., Chiao, S., Eiserloh, A. J., Alvarez, R. J., Kirgis, G., Langford, A. O., Senff, C. J., Caputi, D., Hu, A., Iraci, L. T., Yates, E.
L., Marrero, J. E., Ryoo, J.-M., Conley, S., Tanrikulu, S., Xu, J., and Kuwayama, T.: The California Baseline Ozone Transport Study (CABOTS), B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 101, E427–E445, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-18-0302.1, 2020.
Fares, S., Gentner, D. R., Park, J.-H., Ormeno, E., Karlik, J., and Goldstein, A. H.: Biogenic emissions from Citrus species in California, Atmos. Environ., 45, 4557–4568, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.05.066, 2011.
Fares, S., Park, J.-H., Gentner, D. R., Weber, R., Ormeño, E., Karlik,
J., and Goldstein, A. H.: Seasonal cycles of biogenic volatile organic
compound fluxes and concentrations in a California citrus orchard, Atmos.
Chem. Phys., 12, 9865–9880, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-9865-2012, 2012.
Frankel, S. J.: Proceedings of the Seventh Sudden Oak Death Science and
Management Symposium: Healthy Plants in a World With Phytophthora, San
Francisco, 134 pp., https://www.fs.usda.gov/research/treesearch/60470 (last access: 19 July 2022), 2019.
Gentner, D. R., Ford, T. B., Guha, A., Boulanger, K., Brioude, J., Angevine,
W. M., Gouw, J. A. de, Warneke, C., Gilman, J. B., Ryerson, T. B., Peischl,
J., Meinardi, S., Blake, D. R., Atlas, E., Lonneman, W. A., Kleindienst, T.
E., Beaver, M. R., St. Clair, J. M., Wennberg, P. O., VandenBoer, T. C.,
Markovic, M. Z., Murphy, J. G., Harley, R. A., and Goldstein, A. H.: Emissions of organic carbon and methane from petroleum and dairy operations in California's San Joaquin Valley, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 4955–4978,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-4955-2014, 2014a.
Gentner, D. R., Ormeño, E., Fares, S., Ford, T. B., Weber, R., Park, J.-H., Brioude, J., Angevine, W. M., Karlik, J. F., and Goldstein, A. H.:
Emissions of terpenoids, benzenoids, and other biogenic gas-phase organic
compounds from agricultural crops and their potential implications for air
quality, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 5393–5413, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-5393-2014, 2014b.
Gierschner, P., Küntzel, A., Reinhold, P., Köhler, H., Schubert, J. K., and Miekisch, W.: Crowd monitoring in dairy cattle-real-time VOC profiling by direct mass spectrometry, J. Breath Res., 13, 46006, https://doi.org/10.1088/1752-7163/ab269f, 2019.
Goliff, W. S., Stockwell, W. R., and Lawson, C. V.: The regional atmospheric
chemistry mechanism, version 2, Atmos. Envirion., 68, 174–185,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.11.038, 2013.
Gonzaga Gomez, L., Loubet, B., Lafouge, F., Ciuraru, R., Buysse, P., Durand,
B., Gueudet, J.-C., Fanucci, O., Fortineau, A., Zurfluh, O., Decuq, C., Kammer, J., Duprix, P., Bsaibes, S., Truong, F., Gros, V., and Boissard, C.:
Comparative study of biogenic volatile organic compounds fluxes by wheat,
maize and rapeseed with dynamic chambers over a short period in northern
France, Atmos. Environ., 214, 116855, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.116855, 2019.
Gorgus, E., Hittinger, M., and Schrenk, D.: Estimates of Ethanol Exposure in
Children from Food not Labeled as Alcohol-Containing, J. Anal. Toxicol., 40, 537–542, https://doi.org/10.1093/jat/bkw046, 2016.
Griffith, S. M., Hansen, R. F., Dusanter, S., Michoud, V., Gilman, J. B.,
Kuster, W. C., Veres, P. R., Graus, M., Gouw, J. A., Roberts, J., Young, C.,
Washenfelder, R., Brown, S. S., Thalman, R., Waxman, E., Volkamer, R., Tsai,
C., Stutz, J., Flynn, J. H., Grossberg, N., Lefer, B., Alvarez, S. L.,
Rappenglueck, B., Mielke, L. H., Osthoff, H. D., and Stevens, P. S.:
Measurements of hydroxyl and hydroperoxy radicals during CalNex-LA: Model
comparisons and radical budgets, Geophys. Res. Atmos., 121, 4211–4232,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JD024358, 2016.
Gueneron, M., Erickson, M. H., VanderSchelden, G. S., and Jobson, B. T.:
PTR-MS fragmentation patterns of gasoline hydrocarbons, Int. J. Mass Spectrom., 379, 97–109, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijms.2015.01.001, 2015.
Guenther, A. B., Jiang, X., Heald, C. L., Sakulyanontvittaya, T., Duhl, T.,
Emmons, L. K., and Wang, X.: The Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols
from Nature version 2.1 (MEGAN2.1): An extended and updated framework for
modeling biogenic emissions, Geosci. Model Dev., 5, 1471–1492,
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-5-1471-2012, 2012.
Hafner, S. D., Montes, F., and Rotz, C. A.: A mass transfer model for VOC
emission from silage, Atmos. Environ., 54, 134–140,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.03.005, 2012.
Hafner, S. D., Howard, C., Muck, R. E., Franco, R. B., Montes, F., Green, P.
G., Mitloehner, F., Trabue, S. L., and Rotz, C. A.: Emission of volatile
organic compounds from silage: Compounds, sources, and implications, Atmos. Environ., 77, 827–839, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ATMOSENV.2013.04.076, 2013.
Hales, K., Parker, D. B., and Cole, N.: Volatile organic compound flux from
manure of cattle fed diets differing in grain processing method and co-product inclusion, Atmos. Environ., 100, 20–24, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.10.037, 2015.
Hannun, R. A., Wolfe, G. M., Kawa, S. R., Hanisco, T. F., Newman, P. A.,
Alfieri, J. G., Barrick, J., Clark, K. L., DiGangi, J. P., Diskin, G. S.,
King, J., Kustas, W. P., Mitra, B., Noormets, A., Nowak, J. B., Thornhill,
K. L., and Vargas, R.: Spatial heterogeneity in CO2CH4 and energy fluxes: insights from airborne eddy covariance measurements over the Mid-Atlantic region, Environ. Res. Lett., 15, 35008, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab7391, 2020.
Harkins, C., McDonald, B. C., Henze, D. K., and Wiedinmyer, C.: A fuel-based
method for updating mobile source emissions during the COVID-19 pandemic,
Environ. Res. Lett., 16, 65018, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac0660, 2021.
Hegg, D. A., Covert, D. S., Jonsson, H., and Covert, P. A.: Determination of
the Transmission Efficiency of an Aircraft Aerosol Inlet, Aerosol Sci. Tech., 39, 966–971, https://doi.org/10.1080/02786820500377814, 2005.
Heguy, J. M., Meyer, D., and Silva-Del-Río, N.: A survey of silage
management practices on California dairies, J. Dairy Sci., 99, 1649–1654, https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2015-10058, 2016.
Holzinger, R., Acton, W. J. F., Bloss, W. J., Breitenlechner, M., Crilley,
L. R., Dusanter, S., Gonin, M., Gros, V., Keutsch, F. N., Kiendler-Scharr,
A., Kramer, L. J., Krechmer, J. E., Languille, B., Locoge, N., Lopez-Hilfiker, F., Materiæ, D., Moreno, S., Nemitz, E., Quéléver, L. L. J., Sarda Esteve, R., Sauvage, S., Schallhart, S., Sommariva, R., Tillmann, R., Wedel, S., Worton, D. R., Xu, K., and Zaytsev,
A.: Validity and limitations of simple reaction kinetics to calculate
concentrations of organic compounds from ion counts in PTR-MS, Atmos. Meas.
Tech., 12, 6193–6208, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-6193-2019, 2019.
Hopkins, F. M., Rafiq, T., and Duren, R. M.: Sources of Methane Emissions
(Vista-CA), State of California, USA, ORNL Distributed Active Archive Center, https://doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1726, 2019.
Howard, C. J., Yang, W., Green, P. G., Mitloehner, F., Malkina, I. L., Flocchini, R. G., and Kleeman, M. J.: Direct measurements of the ozone
formation potential from dairy cattle emissions using a transportable smog
chamber, Atmos. Environ., 42, 5267–5277, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.02.064, 2008.
Hu, J., Howard, C. J., Mitloehner, F., Green, P. G., and Kleeman, M. J.:
Mobile source and livestock feed contributions to regional ozone formation
in Central California, Environ. Sci. Technol., 46, 2781–2789, https://doi.org/10.1021/es203369p, 2012.
Hutjes, R., Vellinga, O. S., Gioli, B., and Miglietta, F.: Dis-aggregation
of airborne flux measurements using footprint analysis, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 150, 966–983, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2010.03.004, 2010.
Isaacman-VanWertz, G. and Aumont, B.: Impact of organic molecular structure
on the estimation of atmospherically relevant physicochemical parameters,
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 6541–6563, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6541-2021, 2021.
Jensen, A. R., Koss, A. R., Hales, R. B., and de Gouw, J. A.: Measurements of VOCs in ambient air by Vocus PTR-TOF-MS: calibrations, instrument background corrections, and introducing a PTR Data Toolkit, EGUsphere [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-842, 2023.
Kari, E., Miettinen, P., Yli-Pirilä, P., Virtanen, A., and Faiola, C. L.: PTR-ToF-MS product ion distributions and humidity-dependence of biogenic
volatile organic compounds, Int. J. Mass Spectrom., 430, 87–97, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijms.2018.05.003, 2018.
Karl, T., Guenther, A., Lindinger, C., Jordan, A., Fall, R., and Lindinger,
W.: Eddy covariance measurements of oxygenated volatile organic compound fluxes from crop harvesting using a redesigned proton-transfer-reaction mass
spectrometer, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 24157–24167, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JD000112, 2001.
Karl, T., Apel, E., Hodzic, A., Riemer, D. D., Blake, D. R., and Wiedinmyer,
C.: Emissions of volatile organic compounds inferred from airborne flux
measurements over a megacity, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 271–285,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-271-2009, 2009.
Karl, T., Misztal, P. K., Jonsson, H. H., Shertz, S., Goldstein, A. H., and
Guenther, A. B.: Airborne Flux Measurements of BVOCs above Californian Oak
Forests: Experimental Investigation of Surface and Entrainment Fluxes, OH
Densities, and Damköhler Numbers, J. Atmos. Sci., 70, 3277–3287,
https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS-D-13-054.1, 2013.
Kljun, N., Calanca, P., Rotach, M. W., and Schmid, H. P.: A simple two-dimensional parameterisation for Flux Footprint Prediction (FFP), Geosci. Model Dev., 8, 3695–3713, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-3695-2015, 2015.
König, G., Brunda, M., Puxbaum, H., Hewitt, C. N., and Duckham, S. C.:
Relative contribution of oxygenated hydrocarbons to the total biogenic VOC
emissions of selected mid-European agricultural and natural plant species,
Atmos. Environ., 29, 861–874, https://doi.org/10.1016/1352-2310(95)00026-U, 1995.
Krechmer, J., Lopez-Hilfiker, F., Koss, A., Hutterli, M., Stoermer, C.,
Deming, B., Kimmel, J., Warneke, C., Holzinger, R., Jayne, J., Worsnop, D.,
Fuhrer, K., Gonin, M., and de Gouw, J.: Evaluation of a New Reagent-Ion
Source and Focusing Ion-Molecule Reactor for Use in Proton-Transfer-Reaction
Mass Spectrometry, Anal. Chem., 90, 12011–12018, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.8b02641, 2018.
Langford, B., Acton, W., Ammann, C., Valach, A., and Nemitz, E.: Eddy-covariance data with low signal-to-noise ratio: time-lag determination,
uncertainties and limit of detection, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 8, 4197–4213,
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-4197-2015, 2015.
Laughner, J. L. and Cohen, R. C.: Direct observation of changing NOx
lifetime in North American cities, Science, 366, 723–727,
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aax6832, 2019.
Lenschow, D. H. (Ed.): Aircraft Measurements in the Boundary Layer, in: Probing the Atmospheric Boundary Layer, American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA, 39–55, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-944970-14-7_5, 1986.
Lenschow, D. H., Mann, J., and Kristensen, L.: How Long Is Long Enough When
Measuring Fluxes and Other Turbulence Statistics?, J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 11, 661–673, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0426(1994)011<0661:HLILEW>2.0.CO;2, 1994.
Li, M., McDonald, B. C., McKeen, S. A., Eskes, H., Levelt, P., Francoeur,
C., Harkins, C., He, J., Barth, M., Henze, D. K., Bela, M. M., Trainer, M.,
Gouw, J. A., and Frost, G. J.: Assessment of Updated Fuel-Based Emissions
Inventories Over the Contiguous United States Using TROPOMI NO2 Retrievals, Geophys. Res. Atmos., 126, 1–21, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JD035484, 2021.
Liu, S., Barletta, B., Hornbrook, R. S., Fried, A., Peischl, J., Meinardi, S., Coggon, M., Lamplugh, A., Gilman, J. B., Gkatzelis, G. I., Warneke, C., Apel, E. C., Hills, A. J., Bourgeois, I., Walega, J., Weibring, P., Richter, D., Kuwayama, T., FitzGibbon, M., and Blake, D.: Composition and reactivity of volatile organic compounds in the South Coast Air Basin and San Joaquin Valley of California, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 10937–10954, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10937-2022, 2022.
Liu, Y., San Liang, X., and Weisberg, R. H.: Rectification of the Bias in the Wavelet Power Spectrum, J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 24, 2093–2102,
https://doi.org/10.1175/2007JTECHO511.1, 2007.
Loubet, B., Buysse, P., Gonzaga-Gomez, L., Lafouge, F., Ciuraru, R., Decuq,
C., Kammer, J., Bsaibes, S., Boissard, C., Durand, B., Gueudet, J.-C., Fanucci, O., Zurfluh, O., Abis, L., Zannoni, N., Truong, F., Baisnée,
D., Sarda-Estève, R., Staudt, M., and Gros, V.: Volatile organic compound fluxes over a winter wheat field by PTR-Qi-TOF-MS and eddy covariance, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 2817–2842, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2817-2022, 2022.
Lu, Q., Huang, N., Peng, Y., Zhu, C., and Pan, S.: Peel oils from three
Citrus species: volatile constituents, antioxidant activities and related
contributions of individual components, J. Food Sci. Technol., 56, 4492–4502, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-019-03937-w, 2019.
Malkina, I. L., Kumar, A., Green, P. G., and Mitloehner, F. M.: Identification and quantitation of volatile organic compounds emitted from
dairy silages and other feedstuffs, J. Environ. Qual., 40, 28–36, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2010.0302, 2011.
Marklein, A. R., Meyer, D., Fischer, M. L., Jeong, S., Rafiq, T., Carr, M.,
and Hopkins, F. M.: Facility-scale inventory of dairy methane emissions in
California: implications for mitigation, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 1151–1166, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1151-2021, 2021.
Mattila, J. M., Lakey, P. S. J., Shiraiwa, M., Wang, C., Abbatt, J. P. D.,
Arata, C., Goldstein, A. H., Ampollini, L., Katz, E. F., DeCarlo, P. F., Zhou, S., Kahan, T. F., Cardoso-Saldaña, F. J., Ruiz, L. H., Abeleira, A., Boedicker, E. K., Vance, M. E., and Farmer, D. K.: Multiphase Chemistry
Controls Inorganic Chlorinated and Nitrogenated Compounds in Indoor Air
during Bleach Cleaning, Environ. Sci. Technol., 54, 1730–1739,
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b05767, 2020.
McDonald, B. C., Dallmann, T. R., Martin, E. W., and Harley, R. A.: Long-term trends in nitrogen oxide emissions from motor vehicles at national, state, and air basin scales, Geophys. Res. Atmos., 117, 1–11, 2012.
Metzger, S., Junkermann, W., Mauder, M., Beyrich, F., Butterbach-Bahl, K.,
Schmid, H. P., and Foken, T.: Eddy-covariance flux measurements with a weight-shift microlight aircraft, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 5, 1699–1717,
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-5-1699-2012, 2012.
Misztal, P. K., Karl, T., Weber, R., Jonsson, H. H., Guenther, A. B., and
Goldstein, A. H.: Airborne flux measurements of biogenic isoprene over California, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 10631–10647,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-10631-2014, 2014.
Misztal, P. K., Hewitt, C. N., Wildt, J., Blande, J. D., Eller, A. S. D.,
Fares, S., Gentner, D. R., Gilman, J. B., Graus, M., Greenberg, J., Guenther, A. B., Hansel, A., Harley, P., Huang, M., Jardine, K., Karl, T., Kaser, L., Keutsch, F. N., Kiendler-Scharr, A., Kleist, E., Lerner, B. M., Li, T., Mak, J., Nölscher, A. C., Schnitzhofer, R., Sinha, V., Thornton, B., Warneke, C., Wegener, F., Werner, C., Williams, J., Worton, D. R., Yassaa, N., and Goldstein, A. H.: Atmospheric benzenoid emissions from plants rival those from fossil fuels, Sci. Rep., 5, 12064, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep12064, 2015.
Misztal, P. K., Avise, J. C., Karl, T., Scott, K., Jonsson, H. H., Guenther,
A. B., and Goldstein, A. H.: Evaluation of regional isoprene emission factors and modeled fluxes in California, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 9611–9628, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-9611-2016, 2016.
National Agricultural Statistics Service: CropScape – NASS CDL Program,
https://nassgeodata.gmu.edu/CropScape/ (last access: 28 September 2022), 2018.
Niinemets, Ü. and Monson, R. K.: Biology, controls and models of tree
volatile organic compound emissions, in: Tree physiology, Springer, Dordrecht, New York, 210–342, ISBN 978-94-007-6606-8, 2013.
Oertel, P., Küntzel, A., Reinhold, P., Köhler, H., Schubert, J. K.,
Kolb, J., and Miekisch, W.: Continuous real-time breath analysis in ruminants: effect of eructation on exhaled VOC profiles, J. Breath Res., 12, 36014, https://doi.org/10.1088/1752-7163/aabdaf, 2018.
Pagonis, D., Sekimoto, K., and de Gouw,J. : A Library of Proton-Transfer
Reactions of H3O+ Ions Used for Trace Gas Detection, J.
Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom., 30, 1330–1335, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13361-019-02209-3, 2019.
Peng, Y., Mouat, A. P., Hu, Y., Li, M., McDonald, B. C., and Kaiser, J.:
Source appointment of volatile organic compounds and evaluation of anthropogenic monoterpene emission estimates in Atlanta, Georgia,
Atmos. Environ., 288, 119324, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2022.119324, 2022.
Pfannerstill, E. Y.: Citrus processing and ethanol manufacturing locations
southern San Joaquin Valley, https://arcg.is/vOviG0 (last access:
28 November 2022), 2022.
Pfannerstill, E. Y.: Airborne VOC flux analysis code 2023, Zenodo [code], https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.8411339, 2023.
Pfannerstill, E. Y., Wang, N., Edtbauer, A., Bourtsoukidis, E., Crowley, J.
N., Dienhart, D., Eger, P. G., Ernle, L., Fischer, H., Hottmann, B., Paris,
J.-D., Stönner, C., Tadic, I., Walter, D., Lelieveld, J., and Williams,
J.: Shipborne measurements of total OH reactivity around the Arabian Peninsula and its role in ozone chemistry, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 11501–11523, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-11501-2019, 2019.
Pfannerstill, E. Y., Reijrink, N. G., Edtbauer, A., Ringsdorf, A., Zannoni,
N., Araújo, A., Ditas, F., Holanda, B. A., Sá, M. O., Tsokankunku, A., Walter, D., Wolff, S., Lavriè, J. V., Pöhlker, C., Sörgel, M., and Williams, J.: Total OH reactivity over the Amazon rainforest:
variability with temperature, wind, rain, altitude, time of day, season, and
an overall budget closure, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 6231–6256,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6231-2021, 2021.
Pfannerstill, E. Y., Arata, C., Zhu, Q., Schulze, B., Woods, R., Seinfeld, J. H., Bucholtz, A., Cohen, R. C., and Goldstein, A. H.: Projects: SUNVEx 2021: UC Berkeley Twin Otter data, NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory [data set], https://csl.noaa.gov/projects/sunvex/ (last access: 5 October 2023), 2022.
Pfannerstill, E. Y., Arata, C., Zhu, Q., Schulze, B. C., Woods, R., Harkins, C., Schwantes, R. H., McDonald, B. C., Seinfeld, J. H., Bucholtz, A., Cohen, R. C., and Goldstein, A. H.: Comparison between Spatially Resolved Airborne Flux Measurements and Emission Inventories of Volatile Organic Compounds in Los Angeles, Environ. Sci. Technol., https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.3c03162, 2023a.
Pfannerstill, E. Y., Arata, C., Zhu, Q., Place, B., Schulze, B., Ward, R., Woods, R., Harkins, C., Schwantes, R. H., Seinfeld, J. H., Bucholtz, A., Cohen, R. C., and Goldstein, A. H.: Temperature-dependent emissions dominate aerosol and ozone formation in Los Angeles, Science, in review, 2023b.
Public Policy Institute of California: 2020!Census: Counting the San Joaquin
Valley, Public Policy Institute of California, 8/30/2018,
https://www.ppic.org/blog/2020-census-counting-the-san-joaquin-valley/ (last access: 22 February 2023), 2018.
Pusede, S. E., Gentner, D. R., Wooldridge, P. J., Browne, E. C., Rollins, A.
W., Min, K.-E., Russell, A. R., Thomas, J., Zhang, L., Brune, W. H., Henry,
S. B., DiGangi, J. P., Keutsch, F. N., Harrold, S. A., Thornton, J. A., Beaver, M. R., St. Clair, J. M., Wennberg, P. O., Sanders, J., Ren, X., VandenBoer, T. C., Markovic, M. Z., Guha, A., Weber, R., Goldstein, A. H., and Cohen, R. C.: On the temperature dependence of organic reactivity, nitrogen oxides, ozone production, and the impact of emission controls in
San Joaquin Valley, California, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 3373–3395,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-3373-2014, 2014.
Pusede, S. E., Steiner, A. L., and Cohen, R. C.: Temperature and recent trends in the chemistry of continental surface ozone, Chem. Rev., 115, 3898–3918, https://doi.org/10.1021/cr5006815, 2015.
Rabaud, N. E., Ebeler, S. E., Ashbaugh, L. L., and Flocchini, R. G.:
Characterization and quantification of odorous and non-odorous volatile
organic compounds near a commercial dairy in California, Atmos. Environ., 37, 933–940, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00970-6, 2003.
Rapparini, F., Baraldi, R., and Facini, O.: Seasonal variation of monoterpene emission from Malus domestica and Prunus avium, Phytochemistry, 57, 681–687, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00124-8, 2001.
Rinnan, R. and Albers, C. N.: Soil Uptake of Volatile Organic Compounds:
Ubiquitous and Underestimated?, J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeo., 125, e2020JG005773, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JG005773, 2020.
SafeGraph: Places Data Curated for Accurate Geospatial Analytics,
https://www.safegraph.com/ (last access: 28 September 2022), 2022.
Schobesberger, S., D'Ambro, E. L., Vettikkat, L., Lee, B. H., Peng, Q., Bell, D. M., Shilling, J. E., Shrivastava, M., Pekour, M., Fast, J., and Thornton, J. A.: Airborne flux measurements of ammonia over the southern Great Plains using chemical ionization mass spectrometry, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 247–271, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-247-2023, 2023.
Scott, K. I. and Benjamin, M. T.: Development of a biogenic volatile organic
compounds emission inventory for the SCOS97-NARSTO domain, Atmos. Environ., 37, 39–49, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(03)00381-9, 2003.
Seco, R., Peñuelas, J., and Filella, I.: Short-chain oxygenated VOCs:
Emission and uptake by plants and atmospheric sources, sinks, and concentrations, Atmos. Environ., 41, 2477–2499, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.11.029, 2007.
Shaw, S. L., Mitloehner, F. M., Jackson, W., Depeters, E. J., Fadel, J. G.,
Robinson, P. H., Holzinger, R., and Goldstein, A. H.: Volatile organic compound emissions from dairy cows and their waste as measured by proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry, Environ. Sci. Technol., 41,
1310–1316, https://doi.org/10.1021/es061475e, 2007.
Stackhouse, K. R., Pan, Y., Zhao, Y., and Mitloehner, F. M.: Greenhouse gas
and alcohol emissions from feedlot steers and calves, J. Envrion. Qual., 40, 899–906, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2010.0354, 2011.
Stockwell, C. E., Coggon, M. M., Gkatzelis, G. I., Ortega, J., McDonald, B. C., Peischl, J., Aikin, K., Gilman, J. B., Trainer, M., and Warneke, C.: Volatile organic compound emissions from solvent- and water-borne coatings – compositional differences and tracer compound identifications, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 6005–6022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6005-2021, 2021.
Sun, H., Trabue, S. L., Scoggin, K., Jackson, W. A., Pan, Y., Zhao, Y., Malkina, I. L., Koziel, J. A., and Mitloehner, F. M.: Alcohol, volatile fatty acid, phenol, and methane emissions from dairy cows and fresh manure, J. Environ. Qual., 37, 615–622, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2007.0357, 2008.
Taipale, R., Ruuskanen, T. M., and Rinne, J.: Lag time determination in DEC
measurements with PTR-MS, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 3, 853–862,
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-3-853-2010, 2010.
Tani, A.: Fragmentation and Reaction Rate Constants of Terpenoids Determined
by Proton Transfer Reaction-mass Spectrometry, Environ. Control Biol., 51, 23–29, https://doi.org/10.2525/ecb.51.23, 2013.
Thomas, C. and Foken, T.: Flux contribution of coherent structures and its
implications for the exchange of energy and matter in a tall spruce canopy,
Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 123, 317–337, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-006-9144-7, 2007.
Torrence, C. and Compo, G. P.: A Practical Guide to Wavelet Analysis, B.
Am. Meteorol. Soc., 79, 61–78, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1998)079<0061:APGTWA>2.0.CO;2, 1998.
US EPA and American Lung Association: State of the Air Report,
https://www.lung.org/research/sota (last access: 22 June 2022), 2022.
Vaughan, A. R., Lee, J. D., Shaw, M. D., Misztal, P. K., Metzger, S., Vieno,
M., Davison, B., Karl, T. G., Carpenter, L. J., Lewis, A. C., Purvis, R. M.,
Goldstein, A. H., and Hewitt, C. N.: VOC emission rates over London and
South East England obtained by airborne eddy covariance, Faraday Discuss., 200, 599–620, https://doi.org/10.1039/C7FD00002B, 2017.
Ventura Coastal: Operating Plants,
https://www.venturacoastal.com/operating-plants (last access: 17 February 2023), 2023.
Vermeuel, M. P., Novak, G. A., Kilgour, D. B., Claflin, M. S., Lerner, B. M., Trowbridge, A. M., Thom, J., Cleary, P. A., Desai, A. R., and Bertram, T. H.: Observations of biogenic volatile organic compounds over a mixed temperate forest during the summer to autumn transition, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 4123–4148, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4123-2023, 2023.
Wang, J. A., Randerson, J. T., Goulden, M. L., Knight, C. A., and Battles, J. J.: Losses of Tree Cover in California Driven by Increasing Fire Disturbance and Climate Stress, AGU Adv., 3, e2021AV000654, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021AV000654, 2022.
Warneke, C.: Disjunct eddy covariance measurements of oxygenated volatile
organic compounds fluxes from an alfalfa field before and after cutting, J.
Geophys. Res., 107, 1–8, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD000594, 2002.
Warneke, C., de Gouw, J. A., Holloway, J. S., Peischl, J., Ryerson, T. B.,
Atlas, E., Blake, D., Trainer, M., and Parrish, D. D.: Multiyear trends in
volatile organic compounds in Los Angeles, California: Five decades of
decreasing emissions, J. Geophys. Res., 117, D00V17, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JD017899, 2012.
Weil, J. C. and Horst, T. W.: Footprint estimates for atmospheric flux
measurements in the convective boundary layer, in: Precipitation scavenging
and atmosphere surface exchange: Proceedings of the Fifth International
Conference on Precipitation Scavenging and Atmosphere Surface Exchange
Processes, Richland, Washington, 15–19 July 1991, edited by: Schwartz, S.
E., Hemisphere Publ. Co, Washington, 717–728, ISBN 978-1560322634, 1992.
Wolfe, G. M., Kawa, S. R., Hanisco, T. F., Hannun, R. A., Newman, P. A.,
Swanson, A., Bailey, S., Barrick, J., Thornhill, K. L., Diskin, G., DiGangi,
J., Nowak, J. B., Sorenson, C., Bland, G., Yungel, J. K., and Swenson, C. A.: The NASA Carbon Airborne Flux Experiment (CARAFE): instrumentation and methodology, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 1757–1776, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-1757-2018, 2018.
Yuan, B., Coggon, M. M., Koss, A. R., Warneke, C., Eilerman, S., Peischl, J., Aikin, K. C., Ryerson, T. B., and de Gouw, J. A.: Emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs): chemical compositions and separation of sources, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 4945–4956, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-4945-2017, 2017a.
Yuan, B., Koss, A. R., Warneke, C., Coggon, M., Sekimoto, K., and de Gouw, J.
A.: Proton-Transfer-Reaction Mass Spectrometry: Applications in Atmospheric Sciences, Chem. Rev., 117, 13187–13229, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00325, 2017b.
Zare, A., Romer, P. S., Nguyen, T., Keutsch, F. N., Skog, K., and Cohen, R. C.: A comprehensive organic nitrate chemistry: insights into the lifetime of
atmospheric organic nitrates, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 15419–15436,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-15419-2018, 2018.
Zhu, Q., Place, B., Pfannerstill, E. Y., Tong, S., Zhang, H., Wang, J., Nussbaumer, C. M., Wooldridge, P., Schulze, B. C., Arata, C., Bucholtz, A., Seinfeld, J. H., Goldstein, A. H., and Cohen, R. C.: Direct observations of NOx emissions over the San Joaquin Valley using airborne flux measurements during RECAP-CA 2021 field campaign, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9669–9683, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9669-2023, 2023a.
Zhu, Q., Place, B., Pfannerstill, E. Y., Tong, S., Zhang, H., Wang,
J., Nussbaumer, C. M., Wooldridge, P., Schulze, B. C., Arata, C.,
Bucholtz, A., Seinfeld, J. H., Goldstein, A. H., and Cohen, R. C.: qdzhu/FLUX: v2.0 qdzhu/FLUX: 2nd release (2.0), Zenodo [code], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8279594, 2023b.
Short summary
The San Joaquin Valley is an agricultural area with poor air quality. Organic gases drive the formation of hazardous air pollutants. Agricultural emissions of these gases are not well understood and have rarely been quantified at landscape scale. By combining aircraft-based emission measurements with land cover information, we found mis- or unrepresented emission sources. Our results help in understanding of pollution sources and in improving predictions of air quality in agricultural regions.
The San Joaquin Valley is an agricultural area with poor air quality. Organic gases drive the...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint