Articles | Volume 23, issue 18
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10697-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10697-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
26 Sep 2023
Research article |
| 26 Sep 2023
| 26 Sep 2023
Enrichment of calcium in sea spray aerosol: insights from bulk measurements and individual particle analysis during the R/V Xuelong cruise in the summertime in Ross Sea, Antarctica
Bojiang Su
State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization,
Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Xinhui Bi
State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization,
Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou 510640, China
Zhou Zhang
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
State Key Laboratory of Isotope Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
Yue Liang
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
Congbo Song
National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS), University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
Tao Wang
State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization,
Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Yaohao Hu
State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization,
Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
Zhen Zhou
Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
Jinpei Yan
Key Laboratory of Global Change and Marine Atmospheric Chemistry, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
Xinming Wang
State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization,
Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou 510640, China
State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization,
Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Hua Fang, Hongling Xu, Jun Li, Qina Jia, Shutan Ma, Xuanxuan Duan, Bing Hong, Ting Wu, Fuliu Xu, and Xinming Wang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-4389, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-4389, 2026
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
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We conducted four‑season field measurements of primary intermediate‑volatility organic compounds (IVOCs) at an urban site in the Yangtze River Delta, China. Measured IVOCs peaked in summer and reached a minimum in winter, driven by temperature‑dependent evaporative emissions and gas/particle partitioning. Our findings highlight that evaporative emissions are increasingly important for urban IVOC budgets under climate warming and should be considered in air quality models and control strategies.
Jinwen Zhang, Yongjian Liang, Yufei Yang, Chenglei Pei, Hebiao Huang, Bo Huang, Xiufeng Lian, Yingyan Huang, Yuwen Peng, Chunlei Cheng, Cheng Wu, Zhen Zhou, and Mei Li
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-3381, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-3381, 2026
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
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Separating human-related carbon dioxide emissions from vegetation exchange in cities often requires costly measurements. We developed a more accessible approach by combining tower-based carbon dioxide flux observations, satellite vegetation data, and ecological models. We found that vegetation uptake partly masked human-related emissions during the day, and gridded inventories showed possible spatial mismatches. This approach can help cities better separate carbon dioxide sources and sinks.
Xiao Tian, Hongcheng Lu, Wei Song, Xue Yu, and Xinming Wang
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 19, 4797–4813, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-4797-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-4797-2026, 2026
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Organic nitrates influence ozone formation and fine particle pollution, yet measuring them in both gas and particle phases remains challenging. We developed an instrument using thermal dissociation with NO2 detector to quantify two organic nitrate classes in both phases. A correction-model corrects biases from nitrogen oxides. Field tests in Guangzhou showed continuous tracking of organic nitrate levels and phase distribution, a tool for studying reactive nitrogen in urban air.
Yifan Zhang, Guanhong Zhu, Rui Li, Mingyuan Liu, Yi Yang, Tianyu Zhang, Yizhu Chen, Jinlong Ma, Xinming Wang, and Mingjin Tang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-3780, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-3780, 2026
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
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This work measured isotopic compositions for aerosol Fe from desert dust and several anthropogenic sources. We revealed large variability in the Fe isotopic endmember values both among and within different anthropogenic aerosols, and found that not all the anthropogenic aerosol Fe is isotopically lighter than natural dust Fe.
Rui Li, Haley E. Plaas, Yifan Zhang, Yizhu Chen, Tianyu Zhang, Yi Yang, Sagar Rathod, Guohua Zhang, Xinming Wang, Douglas S. Hamilton, and Mingjin Tang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 9037–9060, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-9037-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-9037-2026, 2026
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This work measured solubility of aerosol Fe from several distinct anthropogenic sources, updated aerosol Fe solubility parameterizations used in the Community Earth System model, and found that residential burning is a significant source of soluble aerosol Fe to the ocean.
Xiufeng Lian, Chenglei Pei, Wei Sun, Chen Lv, Kunlun Huang, Lei Lei, Bo Huang, Chunlei Cheng, Guohua Zhang, Xinhui Bi, Zhen Zhou, and Mei Li
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-1853, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-1853, 2026
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Fireworks release tiny particles that affect air quality. In Guangzhou, we tracked how barium particles from fireworks change in the air. Fireworks raised barium levels up to one thousand times above normal. These particles transformed through chemical reactions. Local policies cut pollution in restricted areas. Long-term health risks stay low, but short-term exposure can be much higher, which may concern children. Our findings help explain particle aging and guide air quality management.
Jiehua Hu, Rong Tian, Jinpei Yan, Xiaoke Zhang, Shanshan Wang, Heng Sun, Hanyue Xu, Shiyu Shen, and Qisheng Zeng
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-2018, 2026
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We study the response of Chl-a to spring dust variability in the Chinese marginal seas over 2003–2023, revealing contrasting regional responses driven by distinct synoptic circulation patterns. Mongolian cyclones in the north and anticyclones in the south drive opposing air–sea heat flux anomalies and MLD adjustments that regulate Chl-a on daily timescales. Our study highlights synoptic-scale atmospheric forcing and air–sea heat exchange as key pathways linking dust to phytoplankton variability.
Xiao Tian, Jianqiang Zeng, Yanli Zhang, Weihua Pang, Yuting Lu, Haofan Ran, Hao Guo, Zhaobin Mu, Wei Song, and Xinming Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 6213–6221, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-6213-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-6213-2026, 2026
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This study measured a statistically representative number of 2-month-old and 2-year-old eucalyptus trees using both leaf cuvettes and dynamic branch chambers. It demonstrated equivalent isoprene results between the two enclosure methods, yet contrasting emission magnitude and speciation among age groups. Current seedling- and adult-tree-mixed emission factor databases may thus misjudge ozone and secondary organic aerosol simulation, thus age-resolved data will improve air quality forecasts.
Yi Zhang, Weiqi Xu, Yan Li, Guohua Zhang, Dantong Liu, Ye Kuang, Yu Zhang, Wei Zhou, Xiaocong Peng, Bojiang Su, Weihong Huang, Zijun Zhang, Liu Yang, Yangzhou Wu, Siyuan Li, Shitong Zhao, Lanzhong Liu, Xiaole Pan, Zifa Wang, Xinhui Bi, Mikael Ehn, Douglas R. Worsnop, and Yele Sun
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 5617–5634, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-5617-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-5617-2026, 2026
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This study explores how clouds influence the chemical composition of air particles through field research at a high-altitude station in southeastern China across different seasons. We found that different cloud types cause varying degrees of chemical changes in these particles. These findings enhance our understanding of the impact of clouds on air quality and contribute to improving climate models.
Jinwen Zhang, Yongjian Liang, Chenglei Pei, Bo Huang, Yingyan Huang, Xiufeng Lian, Shaojie Song, Chunlei Cheng, Cheng Wu, Zhen Zhou, Junjie Li, and Mei Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 3253–3276, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-3253-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-3253-2026, 2026
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Inadequate characterization of carbon dioxide (CO2) dynamics limits the understanding of coastal megacity carbon cycles. Using an observation-driven framework integrating high-precision CO2/CO measurements, this study shows that the "coastal CO2 dome" can shift seasonally away from the urban core, reveals nonlinear sea–land breeze effects, quantifies urban vegetation's role in CO2 budgets, thereby providing new insights into coastal carbon monitoring and mitigation assessment.
Yali Jin, Hao Luo, Siqi Tang, Shuhui Xue, Chengyu Nie, Xiaocong Peng, Yan Zheng, Weiqi Xu, Guohua Zhang, Xiaole Pan, Yele Sun, Qi Chen, Lanzhong Liu, and Defeng Zhao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 2813–2830, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-2813-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-2813-2026, 2026
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Cloud substantially changes the compositions organic aerosol. How cloud processing of organics occur on molecular level remains unclear. We found that compared with cloud free particles, organics in cloud contains more large molecules likely due to accretion reactions and has more nitrogen-containing compounds. We identify some new compounds formed in cloud. Such modifications of the organics in cloud can further change its physicochemical properties, and impact on climate and human health.
Yunfeng He, Xiang Ding, Quanfu He, Yuqing Zhang, Metin Baykara, Duohong Chen, Tao Zhang, Kong Yang, Junqi Wang, Qian Cheng, Hao Jiang, Zirui Wang, Ping Liu, Xinming Wang, and Michael Boy
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 1093–1107, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-1093-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-1093-2026, 2026
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This study conducted long-term measurements of oxalic acid and molecular markers of primary anthropogenic emissions and secondary organic aerosols (SOA). We found that the reductions in anthropogenic precursors had limited impacts on SOA formation. The results highlight the increasing role of gas-phase oxidation under low-pollution conditions, emphasizing the need for effective ozone control strategies to mitigate SOA formation.
Wenhui Zhao, Weiwei Hu, Zhaoce Liu, Tianle Pan, Tingting Feng, Jun Wang, Yiyu Cai, Lin Liang, Shan Huang, Bin Yuan, Nan Ma, Min Shao, Guohua Zhang, Xinhui Bi, Xinming Wang, and Pengfei Yu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 135–154, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-135-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-135-2026, 2026
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Our study examined brown carbon – organic aerosols that absorb light – at the remote Tibet and urban Guangzhou. Field data showed Tibet’s brown carbon absorbs about 10 times less than Guangzhou’s, due to cleaner air. Yet, over 75 % of its light absorption still comes from primary emission, which causes over 98 % of its climate-warming effect in both places. This study advances understanding of brown carbon dynamics and its sources in diverse environments for global climate effects.
Tianyu Zhang, Yizhu Chen, Huanhuan Zhang, Lei Liu, Chengpeng Huang, Zhengyang Fang, Yifan Zhang, Fu Wang, Lan Luo, Guohua Zhang, Xinming Wang, and Mingjin Tang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 17091–17106, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-17091-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-17091-2025, 2025
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This work investigated seasonal variations of aerosol aluminium solubility for supermicron and submicron particles at two locations in northern China. We conclude that atmospheric chemical processing, in which aerosol liquid water and acidity play vital roles, dictates aerosol aluminium solubility.
Huang Zheng, Shaofei Kong, Deping Ding, Marjan Savadkoohi, Congbo Song, Mingming Zheng, and Roy M. Harrison
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 16363–16386, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-16363-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-16363-2025, 2025
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This study analyzes 13 years of BC (black carbon) data in China, uncovering patterns in its concentration and sources. Spatial-temporal variations and trends of BC are reported. Our analysis revealed that the reduction rates of BC and its sources varied across different station types, with spatial differences in the drivers of reduction. These long-term observations provide valuable insights to enhance understanding of pollution trends and improve models for predicting air quality.
Shengjun Xi, Yuhang Wang, Xiangyang Yuan, Zhaozhong Feng, Fanghe Zhao, Yanli Zhang, and Xinming Wang
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 8627–8649, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-8627-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-8627-2025, 2025
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We developed the Speciated Isoprene Emission Model with Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature Algorithm for China to improve biogenic emission estimates using updated vegetation data and local measurements. The model predicts summer 2013 emissions of 10.92–11.37 teragrams of carbon. Validation shows our model performs better than the existing models, revealing underestimated isoprene impacts on ozone pollution in eastern China.
Yunfeng He, Xiang Ding, Quanfu He, Yuqing Zhang, Duohong Chen, Tao Zhang, Kong Yang, Junqi Wang, Qian Cheng, Hao Jiang, Zirui Wang, Ping Liu, Xinming Wang, and Michael Boy
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 13729–13745, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-13729-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-13729-2025, 2025
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This study presented field measurements of PM2.5 and its chemical composition at a regional background site in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) from 2007 to 2020. As air quality improved, secondary species became more dominant. The changes in chemical composition led to the reductions in aerosol acidity, liquid water content and light extinction coefficient. Our results help to improve understanding of the secondary species formation under decreasing anthropogenic emissions.
Yifan Zhang, Rui Li, Zachary B. Bunnell, Yizhu Chen, Guanhong Zhu, Jinlong Ma, Guohua Zhang, Tim M. Conway, and Mingjin Tang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 11067–11086, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-11067-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-11067-2025, 2025
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The sources of aerosol Fe, especially soluble aerosol Fe, remain to be constrained. The stable isotope ratio of Fe has emerged as a potential tracer for discriminating and quantifying sources of aerosol Fe. In this review, we examine the state of the field for using Fe isotopes as an aerosol source tracer, and constraints on endmember signatures.
Xiaoke Zhang, Rong Tian, Jinpei Yan, Shanshan Wang, Shuhui Zhao, Hanyue Xu, Qisheng Zeng, Heng Sun, and Xia Sun
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3987, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3987, 2025
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Ship observations revealed lower sea salt aerosol (SSA) concentrations during Southern Ocean cyclones than non-cyclones. GEOS-Chem modeling showed SSA concentrated northwest of the cyclone center. Cyclone-associated strong winds drove 63 % of total SSA emissions. The warm conveyor belt produced peak ascent at 450 m. Turbulent mixing dominated SSA distribution. Ship position relative to the cyclone explained observed low concentrations.
Xiufeng Lian, Yongjiang Xu, Fengxian Liu, Long Peng, Xiaodong Hu, Guigang Tang, Xu Dao, Hui Guo, Liwei Wang, Bo Huang, Chunlei Cheng, Lei Li, Guohua Zhang, Xinhui Bi, Xiaofei Wang, Zhen Zhou, and Mei Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 8891–8905, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-8891-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-8891-2025, 2025
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In this study, we analyzed the mixing state and atmospheric chemical processes of Pb-rich single particles in Beijing. We focused on analyzing the differences in Pb-rich particles between the heating period and non-heating period, as well as the formation mechanism of lead nitrate after coal-to-gas conversion. Our results highlighted the improvement of Pb levels in the particulate as a result of coal-to-gas conversion.
Zhouxing Zou, Tianshu Chen, Qianjie Chen, Weihang Sun, Shichun Han, Zhuoyue Ren, Xinyi Li, Wei Song, Aoqi Ge, Qi Wang, Xiao Tian, Chenglei Pei, Xinming Wang, Yanli Zhang, and Tao Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 8147–8161, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-8147-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-8147-2025, 2025
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We measured ambient OH and HO2* (HO2 and contribution from RO2, organic peroxyl radicals) concentrations at a subtropical rural site and compared our observations with model results. During warm periods, the model overestimated concentrations of OH and HO2, leading to overestimation of ozone and nitric acid production. Our findings highlight the need to better understand how OH and HO2 are formed and removed, which is important for accurate air quality and climate predictions.
Junhong Huang, Lei Li, Xue Li, Zhengxu Huang, and Zhi Cheng
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 2739–2749, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-2739-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-2739-2025, 2025
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We developed a sampling system that extends the transmission range of the five-stage lens to 10 µm. This innovative design reduces the beam incidence angle and narrows the width. Using polystyrene latex spheres, we validated the high transmission efficiency. Additionally, a standard dust test demonstrated consistency with the aerodynamic particle sizer. This study introduces a novel design framework that not only enhances transmission range and efficiency but also supports instrument miniaturization.
Miming Zhang, Haipeng Gao, Shanshan Wang, Yue Jia, Shibo Yan, Rong Tian, Jinpei Yan, and Yanfang Wu
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1622, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1622, 2025
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Under cold and clean conditions in the free troposphere, oceanic dimethyl sulfide (DMS) can form new particles. Using data from the field observation and Lana climatology with the FLEXPART model, we evaluated DMS contribution from surface ocean to the free troposphere. We found that cyclone enhances the contribution of oceanic dimethyl sulfide to the free troposphere over the Southern Ocean, suggesting significant DMS-derived new particles likely occurred at high altitudes in the Southern Ocean.
Jianqiang Zeng, Yanli Zhang, Haofan Ran, Weihua Pang, Hao Guo, Zhaobin Mu, Wei Song, and Xinming Wang
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 1811–1821, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-1811-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-1811-2025, 2025
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This study revealed the existence of significant species-specific adsorptive and reactive losses of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes in dynamic chambers. The deuterated α-pinene-d3 and β-caryophyllene-d2 were proven as effective surrogates in tracing these losses for some key monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. The findings highlight the importance of selecting internal surrogates that closely match the adsorptive and reactive behaviors of target compounds for precise loss correction.
Longquan Wang, Jinpei Yan, Afeng Chen, Bei Jiang, Fange Yue, Xiawei Yu, and Zhouqing Xie
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2706, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2706, 2024
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Our research analyzes black carbon particles from atmospheric samples to understand their mixing state and sources. We identified six types, with over half originating from biomass burning, significantly impacting the Arctic. These particles also enhance sulfate formation, further affect climate. Our findings highlight the role of black carbon in climate change, emphasizing the need for detailed studies in sensitive regions like the Arctic.
Tianle Pan, Andrew T. Lambe, Weiwei Hu, Yicong He, Minghao Hu, Huaishan Zhou, Xinming Wang, Qingqing Hu, Hui Chen, Yue Zhao, Yuanlong Huang, Doug R. Worsnop, Zhe Peng, Melissa A. Morris, Douglas A. Day, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Jose-Luis Jimenez, and Shantanu H. Jathar
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 4915–4939, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-4915-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-4915-2024, 2024
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This study systematically characterizes the temperature enhancement in the lamp-enclosed oxidation flow reactor (OFR). The enhancement varied multiple dimensional factors, emphasizing the complexity of temperature inside of OFR. The effects of temperature on the flow field and gas- or particle-phase reaction inside OFR were also evaluated with experiments and model simulations. Finally, multiple mitigation strategies were demonstrated to minimize this temperature increase.
Yuanyuan Qin, Xinghua Zhang, Wei Huang, Juanjuan Qin, Xiaoyu Hu, Yuxuan Cao, Tianyi Zhao, Yang Zhang, Jihua Tan, Ziyin Zhang, Xinming Wang, and Zhenzhen Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8737–8750, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8737-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8737-2024, 2024
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Environmental persistent free radicals (EPFRs) and reactive oxygen species (ROSs) play an active role in the atmosphere. Despite control measures having effectively reduced their emissions, reductions were less than in PM2.5. Emission control measures performed well in achieving Parade Blue, but reducing the impact of the atmosphere on human health remains challenging. Thus, there is a need to reassess emission control measures to better address the challenges posed by EPFRs and ROSs.
Jiao Xue, Tian Zhang, Keyhong Park, Jinpei Yan, Young Jun Yoon, Jiyeon Park, and Bingbing Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 7731–7754, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7731-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7731-2024, 2024
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Ice formation by particles is an important way of making mixed-phase and ice clouds. We found that particles collected in the marine atmosphere exhibit diverse ice nucleation abilities and mixing states. Sea salt mixed-sulfate particles were enriched in ice-nucleating particles. Selective aging on sea salt particles made particle populations more externally mixed. Characterizations of particles and their mixing state are needed for a better understanding of aerosol–cloud interactions.
Juanjuan Qin, Leiming Zhang, Yuanyuan Qin, Shaoxuan Shi, Jingnan Li, Zhao Shu, Yuwei Gao, Ting Qi, Jihua Tan, and Xinming Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 7575–7589, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7575-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7575-2024, 2024
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The present research unveiled that acidity dominates while transition metal ions harmonize with the light absorption properties of humic-like substances (HULIS). Cu2+ has quenching effects on HULIS by complexation, hydrogen substitution, or electrostatic adsorption, with aromatic structures of HULIS. Such effects are less pronounced if from Mn2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, and Cu2+. Oxidized HULIS might contain electron-donating groups, whereas N-containing compounds might contain electron-withdrawing groups.
Wei Sun, Xiaodong Hu, Yuzhen Fu, Guohua Zhang, Yujiao Zhu, Xinfeng Wang, Caiqing Yan, Likun Xue, He Meng, Bin Jiang, Yuhong Liao, Xinming Wang, Ping'an Peng, and Xinhui Bi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 6987–6999, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6987-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6987-2024, 2024
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The formation pathways of nitrogen-containing compounds (NOCs) in the atmosphere remain unclear. We investigated the composition of aerosols and fog water by state-of-the-art mass spectrometry and compared the formation pathways of NOCs. We found that NOCs in aerosols were mainly formed through nitration reaction, while ammonia addition played a more important role in fog water. The results deepen our understanding of the processes of organic particulate pollution.
Ping Liu, Xiang Ding, Bo-Xuan Li, Yu-Qing Zhang, Daniel J. Bryant, and Xin-Ming Wang
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 3067–3079, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-3067-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-3067-2024, 2024
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In this paper, we further optimize the measurement of atmospheric organosulfates by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC), offering an improved method for quantifying and speciating atmospheric organosulfates. These efforts will contribute to a deeper understanding of secondary organic aerosol precursors, formation mechanisms, and the contribution of organosulfate to atmospheric aerosols, ultimately guiding research in the field of air pollution prevention and control.
Liangbin Wu, Cheng Wu, Tao Deng, Dui Wu, Mei Li, Yong Jie Li, and Zhen Zhou
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 2917–2936, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-2917-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-2917-2024, 2024
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Field comparison of dual-spot (AE33) and single-spot (AE31) Aethalometers by full-year collocated measurements suggests that site-specific correction factors are needed to ensure the long-term data continuity for AE31-to-AE33 transition in black carbon monitoring networks; babs agrees well between AE33 and AE31, with slight variations by wavelength (slope: 0.87–1.04; R2: 0.95–0.97). A ~ 20 % difference in secondary brown carbon light absorption was found between AE33 and AE31.
Wenjie Wang, Bin Yuan, Hang Su, Yafang Cheng, Jipeng Qi, Sihang Wang, Wei Song, Xinming Wang, Chaoyang Xue, Chaoqun Ma, Fengxia Bao, Hongli Wang, Shengrong Lou, and Min Shao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 4017–4027, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4017-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4017-2024, 2024
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This study investigates the important role of unmeasured volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in ozone formation. Based on results in a megacity of China, we show that unmeasured VOCs can contribute significantly to ozone fomation and also influence the determination of ozone control strategy. Our results show that these unmeasured VOCs are mainly from human sources.
Xubing Du, Qinhui Xie, Qing Huang, Xuan Li, Junlin Yang, Zhihui Hou, Jingjing Wang, Xue Li, Zhen Zhou, Zhengxu Huang, Wei Gao, and Lei Li
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 1037–1050, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-1037-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-1037-2024, 2024
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Currently, the limitations of single-particle mass spectrometry detection capabilities render it not yet well suited for analyzing complex aerosol components in low-concentration environments. In this study, a new high-performance single-particle aerosol mass spectrometer (HP-SPAMS) is developed to enhance instrument performance regarding the number of detected particles, transmission efficiency, resolution, and sensitivity, which will help in aerosol science.
Hua Fang, Ting Wu, Shutan Ma, Qina Jia, Fengyu Zan, Juan Zhao, Jintao Zhang, Zhi Yang, Hongling Xu, Yuzhe Huang, and Xinming Wang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2998, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2998, 2024
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Using in situ VOC flux measurements, we reveal that the freshwater wetland is a potential source of atmospheric VOCs and that litter decomposition enhances net VOC emission. Ambient temperature is the key factor driving the seasonal variation of net VOC flux. Notably, the release or uptake of VOCs varies depending on chemical groups and is jointly controlled by biotic and abiotic processes.
Aodong Du, Jiaxing Sun, Hang Liu, Weiqi Xu, Wei Zhou, Yuting Zhang, Lei Li, Xubing Du, Yan Li, Xiaole Pan, Zifa Wang, and Yele Sun
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 13597–13611, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13597-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13597-2023, 2023
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We characterized the impacts of emission controls on particle mixing state and density during the Beijing Olympic Winter Games using a SPAMS in tandem with a DMA and an AAC. OC and sulfate-containing particles increased, while those from primary emissions decreased. The effective particle densities increased and varied largely for different particles, highlighting the impacts of aging and formation processes on the changes of particle density and mixing state.
Jun Shi, Jinpei Yan, Shanshan Wang, Shuhui Zhao, Miming Zhang, Suqing Xu, Qi Lin, Hang Yang, and Siying Dai
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 10349–10359, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10349-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10349-2023, 2023
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An underway aerosol-monitoring system was used to determine the Na+ concentration during different cyclone periods in the Southern Ocean in order to assess the potential effects of cyclones on sea spray aerosol (SSA) emissions. It was estimated that more than 23 % of SSAs were transported upwards during cyclone periods. Vertically transported SSAs can be regarded as an important source of CCN and hence have an effect on climate in the middle and high latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere.
Yiyu Cai, Chenshuo Ye, Wei Chen, Weiwei Hu, Wei Song, Yuwen Peng, Shan Huang, Jipeng Qi, Sihang Wang, Chaomin Wang, Caihong Wu, Zelong Wang, Baolin Wang, Xiaofeng Huang, Lingyan He, Sasho Gligorovski, Bin Yuan, Min Shao, and Xinming Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8855–8877, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8855-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8855-2023, 2023
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We studied the variability and molecular composition of ambient oxidized organic nitrogen (OON) in both gas and particle phases using a state-of-the-art online mass spectrometer in urban air. Biomass burning and secondary formation were found to be the two major sources of OON. Daytime nitrate radical chemistry for OON formation was more important than previously thought. Our results improved the understanding of the sources and molecular composition of OON in the polluted urban atmosphere.
Clarissa Baldo, Paola Formenti, Claudia Di Biagio, Gongda Lu, Congbo Song, Mathieu Cazaunau, Edouard Pangui, Jean-Francois Doussin, Pavla Dagsson-Waldhauserova, Olafur Arnalds, David Beddows, A. Robert MacKenzie, and Zongbo Shi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 7975–8000, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7975-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7975-2023, 2023
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This paper presents new shortwave spectral complex refractive index and single scattering albedo data for Icelandic dust. Our results show that the imaginary part of the complex refractive index of Icelandic dust is at the upper end of the range of low-latitude dust. Furthermore, we observed that Icelandic dust is more absorbing towards the near-infrared, which we attribute to its high magnetite content. These findings are important for modeling dust aerosol radiative effects in the Arctic.
Joanna E. Dyson, Lisa K. Whalley, Eloise J. Slater, Robert Woodward-Massey, Chunxiang Ye, James D. Lee, Freya Squires, James R. Hopkins, Rachel E. Dunmore, Marvin Shaw, Jacqueline F. Hamilton, Alastair C. Lewis, Stephen D. Worrall, Asan Bacak, Archit Mehra, Thomas J. Bannan, Hugh Coe, Carl J. Percival, Bin Ouyang, C. Nicholas Hewitt, Roderic L. Jones, Leigh R. Crilley, Louisa J. Kramer, W. Joe F. Acton, William J. Bloss, Supattarachai Saksakulkrai, Jingsha Xu, Zongbo Shi, Roy M. Harrison, Simone Kotthaus, Sue Grimmond, Yele Sun, Weiqi Xu, Siyao Yue, Lianfang Wei, Pingqing Fu, Xinming Wang, Stephen R. Arnold, and Dwayne E. Heard
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 5679–5697, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5679-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5679-2023, 2023
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The hydroxyl (OH) and closely coupled hydroperoxyl (HO2) radicals are vital for their role in the removal of atmospheric pollutants. In less polluted regions, atmospheric models over-predict HO2 concentrations. In this modelling study, the impact of heterogeneous uptake of HO2 onto aerosol surfaces on radical concentrations and the ozone production regime in Beijing in the summertime is investigated, and the implications for emissions policies across China are considered.
Huanhuan Zhang, Rui Li, Chengpeng Huang, Xiaofei Li, Shuwei Dong, Fu Wang, Tingting Li, Yizhu Chen, Guohua Zhang, Yan Ren, Qingcai Chen, Ru-jin Huang, Siyu Chen, Tao Xue, Xinming Wang, and Mingjin Tang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 3543–3559, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3543-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3543-2023, 2023
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This work investigated the seasonal variation of aerosol Fe solubility for coarse and fine particles in Xi’an, a megacity in northwestern China severely affected by anthropogenic emission and desert dust aerosol. In addition, we discussed in depth what controlled aerosol Fe solubility at different seasons for coarse and fine particles.
James Brean, David C. S. Beddows, Roy M. Harrison, Congbo Song, Peter Tunved, Johan Ström, Radovan Krejci, Eyal Freud, Andreas Massling, Henrik Skov, Eija Asmi, Angelo Lupi, and Manuel Dall'Osto
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 2183–2198, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2183-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2183-2023, 2023
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Our results emphasize how understanding the geographical variation in surface types across the Arctic is key to understanding secondary aerosol sources. We provide a harmonised analysis of new particle formation across the Arctic.
Tingting Feng, Yingkun Wang, Weiwei Hu, Ming Zhu, Wei Song, Wei Chen, Yanyan Sang, Zheng Fang, Wei Deng, Hua Fang, Xu Yu, Cheng Wu, Bin Yuan, Shan Huang, Min Shao, Xiaofeng Huang, Lingyan He, Young Ro Lee, Lewis Gregory Huey, Francesco Canonaco, Andre S. H. Prevot, and Xinming Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 611–636, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-611-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-611-2023, 2023
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To investigate the impact of aging processes on organic aerosols (OA), we conducted a comprehensive field study at a continental remote site using an on-line mass spectrometer. The results show that OA in the Chinese outflows were strongly influenced by upwind anthropogenic emissions. The aging processes can significantly decrease the OA volatility and result in a varied viscosity of OA under different circumstances, signifying the complex physiochemical properties of OA in aged plumes.
Xueyin Ruan, Chun Zhao, Rahul A. Zaveri, Pengzhen He, Xinming Wang, Jingyuan Shao, and Lei Geng
Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 6143–6164, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-6143-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-6143-2022, 2022
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Accurate prediction of aerosol pH in chemical transport models is essential to aerosol modeling. This study examines the performance of the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) on aerosol pH predictions and the sensitivities to emissions of nonvolatile cations and NH3, aerosol-phase state assumption, and heterogeneous sulfate production. Temporal evolution of aerosol pH during haze cycles in Beijing and the driving factors are also presented and discussed.
Guohua Zhang, Xiaodong Hu, Wei Sun, Yuxiang Yang, Ziyong Guo, Yuzhen Fu, Haichao Wang, Shengzhen Zhou, Lei Li, Mingjin Tang, Zongbo Shi, Duohong Chen, Xinhui Bi, and Xinming Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 9571–9582, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9571-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9571-2022, 2022
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We show a significant enhancement of nitrate mass fraction in cloud water and relative intensity of nitrate in the cloud residual particles and highlight that hydrolysis of N2O5 serves as the critical route for the in-cloud formation of nitrate, even during the daytime. Given that N2O5 hydrolysis acts as a major sink of NOx in the atmosphere, further model updates may improve our understanding about the processes contributing to nitrate production in cloud and the cycling of odd nitrogen.
Xuan Li, Lei Li, Zeming Zhuo, Guohua Zhang, Xubing Du, Xue Li, Zhengxu Huang, Zhen Zhou, and Zhi Cheng
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-598, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-598, 2022
Preprint archived
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The particle size and chemical composition of bioaerosol were analyzed based on single particle aerosol mass spectrometer. Fungal aerosol of 10 μm was measured for the first time and the characteristic spectrum of bioaerosol was updated. The ion peak ratio method can distinguish bioaerosols from interferers by 97 %. The factors influencing the differentiation of bioaerosols are also discussed. Single particle mass spectrometry can be a new method for real-time identification of bioaerosols.
Miming Zhang, Jinpei Yan, Qi Lin, Hongguo Zheng, Keyhong Park, Shuhui Zhao, Suqing Xu, Meina Ruan, Shanshan Wang, Xinlin Zhong, and Suli Zhao
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-454, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-454, 2022
Revised manuscript not accepted
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Extremely low contribution of DMS chemistry to the aerosols over the high AO was determined by the inhibition of marine phytoplankton, which extends the knowledge how will biogenic sulfur cycle impact the regional climate as AO sea ice retreat in the future.
Yihang Yu, Peng Cheng, Huirong Li, Wenda Yang, Baobin Han, Wei Song, Weiwei Hu, Xinming Wang, Bin Yuan, Min Shao, Zhijiong Huang, Zhen Li, Junyu Zheng, Haichao Wang, and Xiaofang Yu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 8951–8971, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8951-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8951-2022, 2022
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We have investigated the budget of HONO at an urban site in Guangzhou. Budget and comprehensive uncertainty analysis suggest that at such locations as ours, HONO direct emissions and NO + OH can become comparable or even surpass other HONO sources that typically receive greater attention and interest, such as the NO2 heterogeneous source and the unknown daytime photolytic source. Our findings emphasize the need to reduce the uncertainties of both conventional and novel HONO sources and sinks.
Jiaxing Sun, Yele Sun, Conghui Xie, Weiqi Xu, Chun Chen, Zhe Wang, Lei Li, Xubing Du, Fugui Huang, Yan Li, Zhijie Li, Xiaole Pan, Nan Ma, Wanyun Xu, Pingqing Fu, and Zifa Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 7619–7630, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7619-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7619-2022, 2022
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We analyzed the chemical composition and mixing state of BC-containing particles at urban and rural sites in winter in the North China Plain and evaluated their impact on light absorption enhancement. BC was dominantly mixed with organic carbon, nitrate, and sulfate, and the mixing state evolved significantly as a function of relative humidity (RH) at both sites. The absorption enhancement depended strongly on coated secondary inorganic aerosol and was up to ~1.3–1.4 during aging processes.
Lu Chen, Fang Zhang, Dongmei Zhang, Xinming Wang, Wei Song, Jieyao Liu, Jingye Ren, Sihui Jiang, Xue Li, and Zhanqing Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 6773–6786, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6773-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6773-2022, 2022
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Aerosol hygroscopicity is critical when evaluating its effect on visibility and climate. Here, the size-resolved particle hygroscopicity at five sites in China is characterized using field measurements. We show the distinct behavior of hygroscopic particles during pollution evolution among the five sites. Moreover, different hygroscopic behavior during NPF events were also observed. The dataset is helpful for understanding the spatial variability in particle composition and formation mechanisms.
Ziyong Guo, Yuxiang Yang, Xiaodong Hu, Xiaocong Peng, Yuzhen Fu, Wei Sun, Guohua Zhang, Duohong Chen, Xinhui Bi, Xinming Wang, and Ping'an Peng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 4827–4839, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4827-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4827-2022, 2022
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We show that in-cloud aqueous processing facilitates the formation of brown carbon (BrC), based on the simultaneous measurements of the light-absorption properties of the cloud residuals, cloud interstitial, and cloud-free particles. While extensive laboratory evidence indicated the formation of BrC in aqueous phase, our study represents the first attempt to show the possibility in real clouds, which would have potential implications in the atmospheric evolution and radiation forcing of BrC.
Suxia Yang, Bin Yuan, Yuwen Peng, Shan Huang, Wei Chen, Weiwei Hu, Chenglei Pei, Jun Zhou, David D. Parrish, Wenjie Wang, Xianjun He, Chunlei Cheng, Xiao-Bing Li, Xiaoyun Yang, Yu Song, Haichao Wang, Jipeng Qi, Baolin Wang, Chen Wang, Chaomin Wang, Zelong Wang, Tiange Li, E Zheng, Sihang Wang, Caihong Wu, Mingfu Cai, Chenshuo Ye, Wei Song, Peng Cheng, Duohong Chen, Xinming Wang, Zhanyi Zhang, Xuemei Wang, Junyu Zheng, and Min Shao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 4539–4556, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4539-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4539-2022, 2022
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We use a model constrained using observations to study the formation of nitrate aerosol in and downwind of a representative megacity. We found different contributions of various chemical reactions to ground-level nitrate concentrations between urban and suburban regions. We also show that controlling VOC emissions are effective for decreasing nitrate formation in both urban and regional environments, although VOCs are not direct precursors of nitrate aerosol.
Wenjie Wang, Bin Yuan, Yuwen Peng, Hang Su, Yafang Cheng, Suxia Yang, Caihong Wu, Jipeng Qi, Fengxia Bao, Yibo Huangfu, Chaomin Wang, Chenshuo Ye, Zelong Wang, Baolin Wang, Xinming Wang, Wei Song, Weiwei Hu, Peng Cheng, Manni Zhu, Junyu Zheng, and Min Shao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 4117–4128, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4117-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4117-2022, 2022
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From thorough measurements of numerous oxygenated volatile organic compounds, we show that their photodissociation can be important for radical production and ozone formation in the atmosphere. This effect was underestimated in previous studies, as measurements of them were lacking.
Haichao Wang, Chao Peng, Xuan Wang, Shengrong Lou, Keding Lu, Guicheng Gan, Xiaohong Jia, Xiaorui Chen, Jun Chen, Hongli Wang, Shaojia Fan, Xinming Wang, and Mingjin Tang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 1845–1859, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1845-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1845-2022, 2022
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Via combining laboratory and modeling work, we found that heterogeneous reaction of N2O5 with saline mineral dust aerosol could be an important source of tropospheric ClNO2 in inland regions.
Juanjuan Qin, Jihua Tan, Xueming Zhou, Yanrong Yang, Yuanyuan Qin, Xiaobo Wang, Shaoxuan Shi, Kang Xiao, and Xinming Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 465–479, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-465-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-465-2022, 2022
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Water-soluble organic compounds (WSOCs) play important roles in atmospheric particle formation, migration, and transformation processes. In this work, size-segregated atmospheric particles were collected in a rural area of Beijing, and 3D fluorescence spectroscopy was used to investigate the optical properties of WSOCs as a means of inferring information about their atmospheric sources. It was found that these data could efficiently reveal the secondary transformation processes of WSOCs.
Jianqiang Zeng, Yanli Zhang, Huina Zhang, Wei Song, Zhenfeng Wu, and Xinming Wang
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 79–93, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-79-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-79-2022, 2022
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The emission of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) from plant leaves is an essential part of biosphere–atmosphere interactions. Here we demonstrate how a dynamic chamber for measuring branch-scale BVOC emissions could be characterized both in the lab for adsorptive losses and in the field for ambient–enclosure environmental differences. The results also imply emission factors for terpenes might be underestimated if measured using dynamic chambers without certified transfer efficiencies.
Qi En Zhong, Chunlei Cheng, Zaihua Wang, Lei Li, Mei Li, Dafeng Ge, Lei Wang, Yuanyuan Li, Wei Nie, Xuguang Chi, Aijun Ding, Suxia Yang, Duohong Chen, and Zhen Zhou
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 17953–17967, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17953-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17953-2021, 2021
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Particulate amines play important roles in new particle formation, aerosol acidity, and hygroscopicity. Most of the field observations did not distinguish the different behavior of each type amine under the same ambient influencing factors. In this study, two amine-containing single particles exhibited different mixing states and disparate enrichment of secondary organics, which provide insight into the discriminated fates of organics during the formation and evolution processes.
Wei Sun, Yuzhen Fu, Guohua Zhang, Yuxiang Yang, Feng Jiang, Xiufeng Lian, Bin Jiang, Yuhong Liao, Xinhui Bi, Duohong Chen, Jianmin Chen, Xinming Wang, Jie Ou, Ping'an Peng, and Guoying Sheng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 16631–16644, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16631-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16631-2021, 2021
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We sampled cloud water at a remote mountain site and investigated the molecular characteristics. CHON and CHO are dominant in cloud water. No statistical difference in the oxidation state is observed between cloud water and interstitial PM2.5. Most of the formulas are aliphatic and olefinic species. CHON, with aromatic structures and organosulfates, are abundant, especially in nighttime samples. The in-cloud and multi-phase dark reactions likely contribute significantly.
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Short summary
During the R/V Xuelong cruise observation over the Ross Sea, Antarctica, the mass concentrations of water-soluble Ca2+ and the mass spectra of individual calcareous particles were measured. Our results indicated that lower temperature, lower wind speed, and the presence of sea ice may facilitate Ca2+ enrichment in sea spray aerosols and highlighted the potential contribution of organically complexed calcium to calcium enrichment, which is inaccurate based solely on water-soluble Ca2+ estimation.
During the R/V Xuelong cruise observation over the Ross Sea, Antarctica, the mass concentrations...
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