Articles | Volume 22, issue 23
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15527-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15527-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
12 Dec 2022
Research article |
| 12 Dec 2022
| 12 Dec 2022
Atmospheric methane isotopes identify inventory knowledge gaps in the Surat Basin, Australia, coal seam gas and agricultural regions
Bryce F. J. Kelly
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University
of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), NSW, 2052, Australia
Xinyi Lu
School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University
of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), NSW, 2052, Australia
Stephen J. Harris
School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University
of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), NSW, 2052, Australia
Bruno G. Neininger
MetAir AG, Airfield LSZN, Switzerland
Jorg M. Hacker
Airborne Research Australia, Parafield Airport, SA, 5106, Australia
College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, SA, 5001,
Australia
Stefan Schwietzke
Environmental Defense Fund, Third Floor, 41 Eastcheap, London, EC3M
1DT, United Kingdom
Rebecca E. Fisher
Department of Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London,
Egham, TW20 0EX, UK
James L. France
Environmental Defense Fund, Third Floor, 41 Eastcheap, London, EC3M
1DT, United Kingdom
Department of Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London,
Egham, TW20 0EX, UK
Euan G. Nisbet
Department of Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London,
Egham, TW20 0EX, UK
David Lowry
Department of Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London,
Egham, TW20 0EX, UK
Carina van der Veen
Institute for Marine and Atmospheric research Utrecht (IMAU), Utrecht
University, Utrecht, 3584 CC, the Netherlands
Malika Menoud
Institute for Marine and Atmospheric research Utrecht (IMAU), Utrecht
University, Utrecht, 3584 CC, the Netherlands
Thomas Röckmann
Institute for Marine and Atmospheric research Utrecht (IMAU), Utrecht
University, Utrecht, 3584 CC, the Netherlands
Related authors
Xinyi Lu, Stephen J. Harris, Rebecca E. Fisher, James L. France, Euan G. Nisbet, David Lowry, Thomas Röckmann, Carina van der Veen, Malika Menoud, Stefan Schwietzke, and Bryce F. J. Kelly
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 10527–10555, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10527-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10527-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Many coal seam gas (CSG) facilities in the Surat Basin, Australia, are adjacent to other sources of methane, including agricultural, urban, and natural seeps. This makes it challenging to estimate the amount of methane being emitted into the atmosphere from CSG facilities. This research demonstrates that measurements of the carbon and hydrogen stable isotopic composition of methane can distinguish between and apportion methane emissions from CSG facilities, cattle, and many other sources.
Audrey McManemin, Catherine Juéry, Vincent Blandin, James L. France, Philippine Burdeau, and Adam R. Brandt
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3793, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3793, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Measurement Techniques (AMT).
Short summary
Short summary
This experiment tested the ability of different technologies to detect and measure methane emissions. Participating teams used satellites, drones, and other systems to estimate methane leak rates without knowing the true rate. Some systems were more accurate than others, and wind and other environmental conditions made measurements harder. Our findings help improve these tools and support efforts to track and reduce methane emissions as new environmental rules take shape in Europe and beyond.
Judith Tettenborn, Daniel Zavala-Araiza, Daan Stroeken, Hossein Maazallahi, Carina van der Veen, Arjan Hensen, Ilona Velzeboer, Pim van den Bulk, Felix Vogel, Lawson Gillespie, Sebastien Ars, James France, David Lowry, Rebecca Fisher, and Thomas Röckmann
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 3569–3584, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-3569-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-3569-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Measurements of methane with vehicle-based sensors are an effective method to identify and quantify leaks from urban gas distribution systems. We deliberately released methane in different environments and calibrated the response of different methane analysers when they transected the plumes in a vehicle. We derived an improved statistical function for consistent emission estimations using different instruments. Repeated transects reduce the uncertainty in emission rate estimates.
Taku Umezawa, Yukio Terao, Masahito Ueyama, Satoshi Kameyama, Mark Lunt, and James Lawrence France
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3285, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3285, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
To take effective mitigation actions, accurate understanding of methane emission characteristics in cities is important. We conducted atmospheric methane and ethane measurements using a vehicle in the world’s largest megacity, Tokyo, to identify locations and types of emissions and estimate their magnitudes. Waste sectors and fugitive natural gas emissions were found to be the major urban sources, and our data suggested need of improved accounting of natural gas related emissions.
Paul Waldmann, Max Eckl, Leon Knez, Klaus-Dirk Gottschaldt, Alina Fiehn, Christian Mallaun, Michal Galkowski, Christoph Kiemle, Ronald Hutjes, Thomas Röckmann, Huilin Chen, and Anke Roiger
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3297, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3297, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Measurement Techniques (AMT).
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrous oxide and methane emissions from agriculture need to be reduced, therefore emissions must be understood to effectively mitigate them. This is the first approach to measure those emissions aircraft-based, to assess their magnitude and drivers. We identified emission hotspots and temporal changes in agricultural emissions in the Netherlands. Our approach is applicable to further greenhouse gas emitters, therefore it builds a step towards more comprehensive emission quantification.
Lison Soussaintjean, Jochen Schmitt, Joël Savarino, J. Andy Menking, Edward J. Brook, Barbara Seth, Vladimir Lipenkov, Thomas Röckmann, and Hubertus Fischer
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3108, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3108, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Biogeosciences (BG).
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrous oxide (N2O) produced in dust-rich Antarctic ice complicates the reconstruction of past atmospheric levels from ice core records. Using isotope analysis, we show that N2O forms from two nitrogen precursors, one being nitrate. For the first time, we demonstrate that the site preference (SP) of N2O reflects the isotopic difference between these precursors, not the production pathway, which challenges the common interpretation of SP.
Getachew Agmuas Adnew, Gerbrand Koren, Neha Mehendale, Sergey Gromov, Maarten Krol, and Thomas Röckmann
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 2701–2719, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-2701-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-2701-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents high-precision measurements of ∆′17O(CO2). Key findings include the extension of the N2O–∆′17O correlation to the upper troposphere and the identification of significant differences in the N2O–∆′17O slope in StratoClim samples. Additionally, the ∆′17O measurements are used to estimate global stratospheric production and surface removal of ∆′17O, providing an independent estimate of global vegetation CO2 exchange.
Sara M. Defratyka, Julianne M. Fernandez, Getachew A. Adnew, Guannan Dong, Peter M. J. Douglas, Daniel L. Eldridge, Giuseppe Etiope, Thomas Giunta, Mojhgan A. Haghnegahdar, Alexander N. Hristov, Nicole Hultquist, Iñaki Vadillo, Josue Jautzy, Ji-Hyun Kim, Jabrane Labidi, Ellen Lalk, Wil Leavitt, Jiawen Li, Li-Hung Lin, Jiarui Liu, Lucia Ojeda, Shuhei Ono, Jeemin Rhim, Thomas Röckmann, Barbara Sherwood Lollar, Malavika Sivan, Jiayang Sun, Gregory T. Ventura, David T. Wang, Edward D. Young, Naizhong Zhang, and Tim Arnold
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-41, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-41, 2025
Preprint under review for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
Measurement of methane’s doubly substituted isotopologues at natural abundances holds promise for better constraining the Earth’s atmospheric CH4 budget. We compiled 1475 measurements from field samples and laboratory experiments, conducted since 2014, to facilitate the differentiation of CH4 formation pathways and processes, to identify existing gaps limiting application of Δ13CH3D and Δ12CH2D2, and to develop isotope ratio source signature inputs for global CH4 flux modelling.
Bibhasvata Dasgupta, Malika Menoud, Carina van der Veen, Ingeborg Levin, Cora Veidt, Heiko Moossen, Sylvia Englund Michel, Peter Sperlich, Shinji Morimoto, Ryo Fujita, Taku Umezawa, Stephen Matthew Platt, Christine Groot Zwaaftink, Cathrine Lund Myhre, Rebecca Fisher, David Lowry, Euan Nisbet, James France, Ceres Woolley Maisch, Gordon Brailsford, Rowena Moss, Daisuke Goto, Sudhanshu Pandey, Sander Houweling, Nicola Warwick, and Thomas Röckmann
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2439, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2439, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We combined long-term methane mole fraction and isotope measurements from eight laboratories that sample high-latitude stations to compare, offset correct and harmonise the datasets into a hemisphere merged timeseries. Because each laboratory uses slightly different methods, we adjusted the data to make it directly comparable. This allowed us to create a consistent record of atmospheric methane concentration and its isotopes from 1988 to 2023.
Gerrit Kuhlmann, Foteini Stavropoulou, Stefan Schwietzke, Daniel Zavala-Araiza, Andrew Thorpe, Andreas Hueni, Lukas Emmenegger, Andreea Calcan, Thomas Röckmann, and Dominik Brunner
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 5371–5385, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-5371-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-5371-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
A measurement campaign in 2019 found that methane emissions from oil and gas in Romania were significantly higher than reported. In 2021, our follow-up campaign using airborne remote sensing showed a marked decreases in emissions by 20 %–60 % due to improved infrastructure. The study highlights the importance of measurement-based emission monitoring and illustrates the value of a multi-scale assessment integrating ground-based observations with large-scale airborne remote sensing campaigns.
Mark F. Lunt, Stephen J. Harris, Jorg Hacker, Ian Joynes, Tim Robertson, Simon Thompson, and James L. France
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1926, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1926, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
To ensure robust use of measurement-based approaches to estimate methane emissions from individual sites, it is important to validate the accuracy of the methods used in the field. By using co-emitted carbon dioxide, we evaluate the performance of one such quantification method at liquefied natural gas terminals. We further demonstrate the potential for a more efficient quantification approach by considering the ratio of methane to carbon dioxide concentrations.
Tanja J. Schuck, Johannes Degen, Timo Keber, Katharina Meixner, Thomas Wagenhäuser, Mélanie Ghysels, Georges Durry, Nadir Amarouche, Alessandro Zanchetta, Steven van Heuven, Huilin Chen, Johannes C. Laube, Sophie L. Baartman, Carina van der Veen, Maria Elena Popa, and Andreas Engel
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 4333–4348, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-4333-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-4333-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
A balloon was launched in 2021 in the Arctic to carry instruments for trace gas measurements up to 32 km. One purpose was to compare measurement techniques. We focus on the major greenhouse gases. To measure these, air was sampled with the AirCore technique and with flask sampling, and samples were analysed after the flight. In flight, observations were done with an optical method. In a companion paper, we report on observations of chlorine and bromine containing trace gases.
Robbert Petrus Johannes Moonen, Getachew Agmuas Adnew, Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, Oscar Karel Hartogensis, David Joan Bonell Fontas, Shujiro Komiya, Sam P. Jones, and Thomas Röckmann
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-452, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-452, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Understory ejections are distinct turbulent features emerging in prime tall forest ecosystems. We share a method to isolate understory ejections based on H2O-CO2 anomalie quadrants. From these, we calculate the flux contributions of understory ejections and all flux quadrants. In addition we show that a distinctly depleted isotopic composition can be found in the ejected water vapour. Finally, we explored the role of clouds as a potential trigger for understory ejections.
Hossein Maazallahi, Foteini Stavropoulou, Samuel Jonson Sutanto, Michael Steiner, Dominik Brunner, Mariano Mertens, Patrick Jöckel, Antoon Visschedijk, Hugo Denier van der Gon, Stijn Dellaert, Nataly Velandia Salinas, Stefan Schwietzke, Daniel Zavala-Araiza, Sorin Ghemulet, Alexandru Pana, Magdalena Ardelean, Marius Corbu, Andreea Calcan, Stephen A. Conley, Mackenzie L. Smith, and Thomas Röckmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 1497–1511, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1497-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1497-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This article presents insights from airborne in situ measurements collected during the ROmanian Methane Emissions from Oil and gas (ROMEO) campaign supported by two models. Results reveal Romania's oil and gas methane emissions were significantly under-reported to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 2019. A large underestimation was also found in the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) v7.0 for the study domain in the same year.
Sophie L. Baartman, Steven M. Driever, Maarten Wassenaar, Linda M. J. Kooijmans, Nerea Ubierna Lopez, Leon Mossink, Maria E. Popa, Ara Cho, Lisa Wingate, Thomas Röckmann, Steven M. A. C. van Heuven, and Maarten C. Krol
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-215, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-215, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Carbonyl sulfide (COS) and carbon dioxide (CO2) uptake fluxes and isotope discrimination was measured in sunflower and papyrus plants, using a plant chamber approach and varying light availability. COS and CO2 isotope discrimination in plants have never been jointly measured before. COS isotope discrimination did not differ between the species, nor with changing light. CO2 fluxes and isotope values provided additional useful information for data interpretation.
Masahito Ueyama, Taku Umezawa, Yukio Terao, Mark Lunt, and James Lawrence France
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3926, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3926, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Methane (CH4) emissions were measured in Megacity Osaka, Japan, using mobile and eddy covariance methods. The CH4 emissions were much higher than those reported in local inventories, with natural gas contributing up to 74 % of the emissions. Several CH4 sources not accounted for in current inventories were identified. These results emphasize the need for more comprehensive emissions tracking in urban areas to enhance climate change mitigation efforts.
Ting Bai, Dominik Stütz, Chang Liu, Dimitri Bulatov, Jorg Hacker, and Linlin Ge
ISPRS Ann. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., X-4-2024, 29–36, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-X-4-2024-29-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-X-4-2024-29-2024, 2024
Hella van Asperen, Thorsten Warneke, Alessandro Carioca de Araújo, Bruce Forsberg, Sávio José Filgueiras Ferreira, Thomas Röckmann, Carina van der Veen, Sipko Bulthuis, Leonardo Ramos de Oliveira, Thiago de Lima Xavier, Jailson da Mata, Marta de Oliveira Sá, Paulo Ricardo Teixeira, Julie Andrews de França e Silva, Susan Trumbore, and Justus Notholt
Biogeosciences, 21, 3183–3199, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3183-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3183-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Carbon monoxide (CO) is regarded as an important indirect greenhouse gas. Soils can emit and take up CO, but, until now, uncertainty remains as to which process dominates in tropical rainforests. We present the first soil CO flux measurements from a tropical rainforest. Based on our observations, we report that tropical rainforest soils are a net source of CO. In addition, we show that valley streams and inundated areas are likely additional hot spots of CO in the ecosystem.
Jin Ma, Linda M. J. Kooijmans, Norbert Glatthor, Stephen A. Montzka, Marc von Hobe, Thomas Röckmann, and Maarten C. Krol
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 6047–6070, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6047-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6047-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The global budget of atmospheric COS can be optimised by inverse modelling using TM5-4DVAR, with the co-constraints of NOAA surface observations and MIPAS satellite data. We found reduced COS biosphere uptake from inversions and improved land and ocean separation using MIPAS satellite data assimilation. Further improvements are expected from better quantification of COS ocean and biosphere fluxes.
Katrine A. Gorham, Sam Abernethy, Tyler R. Jones, Peter Hess, Natalie M. Mahowald, Daphne Meidan, Matthew S. Johnson, Maarten M. J. W. van Herpen, Yangyang Xu, Alfonso Saiz-Lopez, Thomas Röckmann, Chloe A. Brashear, Erika Reinhardt, and David Mann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 5659–5670, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5659-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5659-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Rapid reduction in atmospheric methane is needed to slow the rate of global warming. Reducing anthropogenic methane emissions is a top priority. However, atmospheric methane is also impacted by rising natural emissions and changing sinks. Studies of possible atmospheric methane removal approaches, such as iron salt aerosols to increase the chlorine radical sink, benefit from a roadmapped approach to understand if there may be viable and socially acceptable ways to decrease future risk.
Malavika Sivan, Thomas Röckmann, Carina van der Veen, and Maria Elena Popa
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 2687–2705, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-2687-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-2687-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We have set up a measurement system for methane-clumped isotopologues. We have built an extraction and purification system to extract pure methane for these measurements, for samples of various origins, including atmospheric air, for which we need to process about 1000 L of air for one measurement. We report here the technical setup for extraction and measurements, as well as the calibration, and we give an overview of the samples measured so far.
Emily Dowd, Alistair J. Manning, Bryn Orth-Lashley, Marianne Girard, James France, Rebecca E. Fisher, Dave Lowry, Mathias Lanoisellé, Joseph R. Pitt, Kieran M. Stanley, Simon O'Doherty, Dickon Young, Glen Thistlethwaite, Martyn P. Chipperfield, Emanuel Gloor, and Chris Wilson
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 1599–1615, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-1599-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-1599-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We provide the first validation of the satellite-derived emission estimates using surface-based mobile greenhouse gas surveys of an active gas leak detected near Cheltenham, UK. GHGSat’s emission estimates broadly agree with the surface-based mobile survey and steps were taken to fix the leak, highlighting the importance of satellite data in identifying emissions and helping to reduce our human impact on climate change.
Magdalena Pühl, Anke Roiger, Alina Fiehn, Alan M. Gorchov Negron, Eric A. Kort, Stefan Schwietzke, Ignacio Pisso, Amy Foulds, James Lee, James L. France, Anna E. Jones, Dave Lowry, Rebecca E. Fisher, Langwen Huang, Jacob Shaw, Prudence Bateson, Stephen Andrews, Stuart Young, Pamela Dominutti, Tom Lachlan-Cope, Alexandra Weiss, and Grant Allen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1005–1024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1005-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1005-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In April–May 2019 we carried out an airborne field campaign in the southern North Sea with the aim of studying methane emissions of offshore gas installations. We determined methane emissions from elevated methane measured downstream of the sampled installations. We compare our measured methane emissions with estimated methane emissions from national and global annual inventories. As a result, we find inconsistencies of inventories and large discrepancies between measurements and inventories.
Alina Fiehn, Maximilian Eckl, Julian Kostinek, Michał Gałkowski, Christoph Gerbig, Michael Rothe, Thomas Röckmann, Malika Menoud, Hossein Maazallahi, Martina Schmidt, Piotr Korbeń, Jarosław Neçki, Mila Stanisavljević, Justyna Swolkień, Andreas Fix, and Anke Roiger
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 15749–15765, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15749-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15749-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
During the CoMet mission in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (USCB) ground-based and airborne air samples were taken and analyzed for the isotopic composition of CH4 to derive the mean signature of the USCB and source signatures of individual coal mines. Using δ2H signatures, the biogenic emissions from the USCB account for 15 %–50 % of total emissions, which is underestimated in common emission inventories. This demonstrates the importance of δ2H-CH4 observations for methane source apportionment.
Robbert P. J. Moonen, Getachew A. Adnew, Oscar K. Hartogensis, Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, David J. Bonell Fontas, and Thomas Röckmann
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 5787–5810, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-5787-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-5787-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Isotope fluxes allow for net ecosystem gas exchange fluxes to be partitioned into sub-components like plant assimilation, respiration and transpiration, which can help us better understand the environmental drivers of each partial flux. We share the results of a field campaign isotope fluxes were derived using a combination of laser spectroscopy and eddy covariance. We found lag times and high frequency signal loss in the isotope fluxes we derived and present methods to correct for both.
Leonard Kirago, Örjan Gustafsson, Samuel Mwaniki Gaita, Sophie L. Haslett, Michael J. Gatari, Maria Elena Popa, Thomas Röckmann, Christoph Zellweger, Martin Steinbacher, Jörg Klausen, Christian Félix, David Njiru, and August Andersson
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14349–14357, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14349-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14349-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides ground-observational evidence that supports earlier suggestions that savanna fires are the main emitters and modulators of carbon monoxide gas in Africa. Using isotope-based techniques, the study has shown that about two-thirds of this gas is emitted from savanna fires, while for urban areas, in this case Nairobi, primary sources approach 100 %. The latter has implications for air quality policy, suggesting primary emissions such as traffic should be targeted.
Hossein Maazallahi, Antonio Delre, Charlotte Scheutz, Anders M. Fredenslund, Stefan Schwietzke, Hugo Denier van der Gon, and Thomas Röckmann
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 5051–5073, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-5051-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-5051-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Measurement methods are increasingly deployed to verify reported methane emissions of gas leaks. This study describes unique advantages and limitations of three methods. Two methods are rapidly deployed, but uncertainties and biases exist for some leak locations. In contrast, the suction method could accurately determine leak rates in principle. However, this method, which provides data for the German emission inventory, creates an overall low bias in our study due to non-random site selection.
Tim René de Groot, Anne Margriet Mol, Katherine Mesdag, Pierre Ramond, Rachel Ndhlovu, Julia Catherine Engelmann, Thomas Röckmann, and Helge Niemann
Biogeosciences, 20, 3857–3872, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3857-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3857-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates methane dynamics in the Wadden Sea. Our measurements revealed distinct variations triggered by seasonality and tidal forcing. The methane budget was higher in warmer seasons but surprisingly high in colder seasons. Methane dynamics were amplified during low tides, flushing the majority of methane into the North Sea or releasing it to the atmosphere. Methanotrophic activity was also elevated during low tide but mitigated only a small fraction of the methane efflux.
Foteini Stavropoulou, Katarina Vinković, Bert Kers, Marcel de Vries, Steven van Heuven, Piotr Korbeń, Martina Schmidt, Julia Wietzel, Pawel Jagoda, Jaroslav M. Necki, Jakub Bartyzel, Hossein Maazallahi, Malika Menoud, Carina van der Veen, Sylvia Walter, Béla Tuzson, Jonas Ravelid, Randulph Paulo Morales, Lukas Emmenegger, Dominik Brunner, Michael Steiner, Arjan Hensen, Ilona Velzeboer, Pim van den Bulk, Hugo Denier van der Gon, Antonio Delre, Maklawe Essonanawe Edjabou, Charlotte Scheutz, Marius Corbu, Sebastian Iancu, Denisa Moaca, Alin Scarlat, Alexandru Tudor, Ioana Vizireanu, Andreea Calcan, Magdalena Ardelean, Sorin Ghemulet, Alexandru Pana, Aurel Constantinescu, Lucian Cusa, Alexandru Nica, Calin Baciu, Cristian Pop, Andrei Radovici, Alexandru Mereuta, Horatiu Stefanie, Alexandru Dandocsi, Bas Hermans, Stefan Schwietzke, Daniel Zavala-Araiza, Huilin Chen, and Thomas Röckmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 10399–10412, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10399-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10399-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we quantify CH4 emissions from onshore oil production sites in Romania at source and facility level using a combination of ground- and drone-based measurement techniques. We show that the total CH4 emissions in our studied areas are much higher than the emissions reported to UNFCCC, and up to three-quarters of the detected emissions are related to operational venting. Our results suggest that oil and gas production infrastructure in Romania holds a massive mitigation potential.
Sara M. Defratyka, James L. France, Rebecca E. Fisher, Dave Lowry, Julianne M. Fernandez, Semra Bakkaloglu, Camille Yver-Kwok, Jean-Daniel Paris, Philippe Bousquet, Tim Arnold, Chris Rennick, Jon Helmore, Nigel Yarrow, and Euan G. Nisbet
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1490, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1490, 2023
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
We are focused on verification of δ13CH4 measurements in near-source conditions and we have provided an insight into the impact of chosen calculation methods for determined isotopic signatures. Our study offers a step forward for establishing an unified, robust, and reliable analytical technique to determine δ13CH4 of methane sources. Our recommended analytical approach reduces biases and uncertainties coming from measurement conditions, data clustering and various available fitting methods.
Andreas Forstmaier, Jia Chen, Florian Dietrich, Juan Bettinelli, Hossein Maazallahi, Carsten Schneider, Dominik Winkler, Xinxu Zhao, Taylor Jones, Carina van der Veen, Norman Wildmann, Moritz Makowski, Aydin Uzun, Friedrich Klappenbach, Hugo Denier van der Gon, Stefan Schwietzke, and Thomas Röckmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 6897–6922, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6897-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6897-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Large cities emit greenhouse gases which contribute to global warming. In this study, we measured the release of one important green house gas, methane, in Hamburg. Multiple sources that contribute to methane emissions were located and quantified. Methane sources were found to be mainly caused by human activity (e.g., by release from oil and gas refineries). Moreover, potential natural sources have been located, such as the Elbe River and lakes.
Truls Andersen, Zhao Zhao, Marcel de Vries, Jaroslaw Necki, Justyna Swolkien, Malika Menoud, Thomas Röckmann, Anke Roiger, Andreas Fix, Wouter Peters, and Huilin Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 5191–5216, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5191-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5191-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The Upper Silesian Coal Basin, Poland, is one of the hot spots of methane emissions in Europe. Using an uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV), we performed atmospheric measurements of methane concentrations downwind of five ventilation shafts in this region and determined the emission rates from the individual shafts. We found a strong correlation between quantified shaft-averaged emission rates and hourly inventory data, which also allows us to estimate the methane emissions from the entire region.
Jacob T. Shaw, Amy Foulds, Shona Wilde, Patrick Barker, Freya A. Squires, James Lee, Ruth Purvis, Ralph Burton, Ioana Colfescu, Stephen Mobbs, Samuel Cliff, Stéphane J.-B. Bauguitte, Stuart Young, Stefan Schwietzke, and Grant Allen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 1491–1509, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1491-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1491-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Flaring is used by the oil and gas sector to dispose of unwanted natural gas or for safety. However, few studies have assessed the efficiency with which the gas is combusted. We sampled flaring emissions from offshore facilities in the North Sea. Average measured flaring efficiencies were ~ 98 % but with a skewed distribution, including many flares of lower efficiency. NOx and ethane emissions were also measured. Inefficient flaring practices could be a target for mitigating carbon emissions.
Sourish Basu, Xin Lan, Edward Dlugokencky, Sylvia Michel, Stefan Schwietzke, John B. Miller, Lori Bruhwiler, Youmi Oh, Pieter P. Tans, Francesco Apadula, Luciana V. Gatti, Armin Jordan, Jaroslaw Necki, Motoki Sasakawa, Shinji Morimoto, Tatiana Di Iorio, Haeyoung Lee, Jgor Arduini, and Giovanni Manca
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 15351–15377, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15351-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15351-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Atmospheric methane (CH4) has been growing steadily since 2007 for reasons that are not well understood. Here we determine sources of methane using a technique informed by atmospheric measurements of CH4 and its isotopologue 13CH4. Measurements of 13CH4 provide for better separation of microbial, fossil, and fire sources of methane than CH4 measurements alone. Compared to previous assessments such as the Global Carbon Project, we find a larger microbial contribution to the post-2007 increase.
Malika Menoud, Carina van der Veen, Dave Lowry, Julianne M. Fernandez, Semra Bakkaloglu, James L. France, Rebecca E. Fisher, Hossein Maazallahi, Mila Stanisavljević, Jarosław Nęcki, Katarina Vinkovic, Patryk Łakomiec, Janne Rinne, Piotr Korbeń, Martina Schmidt, Sara Defratyka, Camille Yver-Kwok, Truls Andersen, Huilin Chen, and Thomas Röckmann
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 4365–4386, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4365-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4365-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Emission sources of methane (CH4) can be distinguished with measurements of CH4 stable isotopes. We present new measurements of isotope signatures of various CH4 sources in Europe, mainly anthropogenic, sampled from 2017 to 2020. The present database also contains the most recent update of the global signature dataset from the literature. The dataset improves CH4 source attribution and the understanding of the global CH4 budget.
Amy Foulds, Grant Allen, Jacob T. Shaw, Prudence Bateson, Patrick A. Barker, Langwen Huang, Joseph R. Pitt, James D. Lee, Shona E. Wilde, Pamela Dominutti, Ruth M. Purvis, David Lowry, James L. France, Rebecca E. Fisher, Alina Fiehn, Magdalena Pühl, Stéphane J. B. Bauguitte, Stephen A. Conley, Mackenzie L. Smith, Tom Lachlan-Cope, Ignacio Pisso, and Stefan Schwietzke
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 4303–4322, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4303-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4303-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We measured CH4 emissions from 21 offshore oil and gas facilities in the Norwegian Sea in 2019. Measurements compared well with operator-reported emissions but were greatly underestimated when compared with a 2016 global fossil fuel inventory. This study demonstrates the need for up-to-date and accurate inventories for use in research and policy and the important benefits of best-practice reporting methods by operators. Airborne measurements are an effective tool to validate such inventories.
Alice E. Ramsden, Anita L. Ganesan, Luke M. Western, Matthew Rigby, Alistair J. Manning, Amy Foulds, James L. France, Patrick Barker, Peter Levy, Daniel Say, Adam Wisher, Tim Arnold, Chris Rennick, Kieran M. Stanley, Dickon Young, and Simon O'Doherty
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 3911–3929, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3911-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3911-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Quantifying methane emissions from different sources is a key focus of current research. We present a method for estimating sectoral methane emissions that uses ethane as a tracer for fossil fuel methane. By incorporating variable ethane : methane emission ratios into this model, we produce emissions estimates with improved uncertainty characterisation. This method will be particularly useful for studying methane emissions in areas with complex distributions of sources.
Stephen M. Platt, Øystein Hov, Torunn Berg, Knut Breivik, Sabine Eckhardt, Konstantinos Eleftheriadis, Nikolaos Evangeliou, Markus Fiebig, Rebecca Fisher, Georg Hansen, Hans-Christen Hansson, Jost Heintzenberg, Ove Hermansen, Dominic Heslin-Rees, Kim Holmén, Stephen Hudson, Roland Kallenborn, Radovan Krejci, Terje Krognes, Steinar Larssen, David Lowry, Cathrine Lund Myhre, Chris Lunder, Euan Nisbet, Pernilla B. Nizzetto, Ki-Tae Park, Christina A. Pedersen, Katrine Aspmo Pfaffhuber, Thomas Röckmann, Norbert Schmidbauer, Sverre Solberg, Andreas Stohl, Johan Ström, Tove Svendby, Peter Tunved, Kjersti Tørnkvist, Carina van der Veen, Stergios Vratolis, Young Jun Yoon, Karl Espen Yttri, Paul Zieger, Wenche Aas, and Kjetil Tørseth
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 3321–3369, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3321-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3321-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Here we detail the history of the Zeppelin Observatory, a unique global background site and one of only a few in the high Arctic. We present long-term time series of up to 30 years of atmospheric components and atmospheric transport phenomena. Many of these time series are important to our understanding of Arctic and global atmospheric composition change. Finally, we discuss the future of the Zeppelin Observatory and emerging areas of future research on the Arctic atmosphere.
Roland Vernooij, Ulrike Dusek, Maria Elena Popa, Peng Yao, Anupam Shaikat, Chenxi Qiu, Patrik Winiger, Carina van der Veen, Thomas Callum Eames, Natasha Ribeiro, and Guido R. van der Werf
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 2871–2890, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2871-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2871-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Landscape fires are a major source of greenhouse gases and aerosols, particularly in sub-tropical savannas. Stable carbon isotopes in emissions can be used to trace the contribution of C3 plants (e.g. trees or shrubs) and C4 plants (e.g. savanna grasses) to greenhouse gases and aerosols if the process is well understood. This helps us to link individual vegetation types to emissions, identify biomass burning emissions in the atmosphere, and improve the reconstruction of historic fire regimes.
Juhi Nagori, Narcisa Nechita-Bândă, Sebastian Oscar Danielache, Masumi Shinkai, Thomas Röckmann, and Maarten Krol
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-68, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-68, 2022
Publication in ACP not foreseen
Short summary
Short summary
The sulfur isotopes (32S and 34S) were studied to understand the sources, sinks and processes of carbonyl sulphide (COS) in the atmosphere. COS is an important source of sulfur aerosol in the stratosphere (SSA). Few measurements of COS and SSA exist, but with our 1D model, we were able to match them and show the importance of COS to sulfate formation. Moreover, we are able to highlight some important processes for the COS budget and where measurements may fill a gap in current knowledge.
Malika Menoud, Carina van der Veen, Jaroslaw Necki, Jakub Bartyzel, Barbara Szénási, Mila Stanisavljević, Isabelle Pison, Philippe Bousquet, and Thomas Röckmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 13167–13185, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13167-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13167-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Using measurements of methane isotopes in ambient air and a 3D atmospheric transport model, in Krakow, Poland, we mainly detected fossil-fuel-related sources, coming from coal mining in Silesia and from the use of natural gas in the city. Emission inventories report large emissions from coal mine activity in Silesia, which is in agreement with our measurements. However, methane sources in the urban area of Krakow related to the use of fossil fuels might be underestimated in the inventories.
Sara M. Defratyka, Jean-Daniel Paris, Camille Yver-Kwok, Daniel Loeb, James France, Jon Helmore, Nigel Yarrow, Valérie Gros, and Philippe Bousquet
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 5049–5069, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-5049-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-5049-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We consider the possibility of using the CRDS Picarro G2201-i instrument, originally designed for isotopic CH4 and CO2, for measurements of ethane : methane in near-source conditions. The work involved laboratory tests, a controlled release experiment and mobile measurements. We show the potential of determining ethane : methane with 50 ppb ethane uncertainty. The instrument can correctly estimate the ratio in CH4 enhancements of 1 ppm and more, as can be found at strongly emitting sites.
Xinyi Lu, Stephen J. Harris, Rebecca E. Fisher, James L. France, Euan G. Nisbet, David Lowry, Thomas Röckmann, Carina van der Veen, Malika Menoud, Stefan Schwietzke, and Bryce F. J. Kelly
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 10527–10555, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10527-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10527-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Many coal seam gas (CSG) facilities in the Surat Basin, Australia, are adjacent to other sources of methane, including agricultural, urban, and natural seeps. This makes it challenging to estimate the amount of methane being emitted into the atmosphere from CSG facilities. This research demonstrates that measurements of the carbon and hydrogen stable isotopic composition of methane can distinguish between and apportion methane emissions from CSG facilities, cattle, and many other sources.
Max Thomas, Johannes C. Laube, Jan Kaiser, Samuel Allin, Patricia Martinerie, Robert Mulvaney, Anna Ridley, Thomas Röckmann, William T. Sturges, and Emmanuel Witrant
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 6857–6873, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6857-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6857-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
CFC gases are destroying the Earth's life-protecting ozone layer. We improve understanding of CFC destruction by measuring the isotopic fingerprint of the carbon in the three most abundant CFCs. These are the first such measurements in the main region where CFCs are destroyed – the stratosphere. We reconstruct the atmospheric isotope histories of these CFCs back to the 1950s by measuring air extracted from deep snow and using a model. The model and the measurements are generally consistent.
Shona E. Wilde, Pamela A. Dominutti, Grant Allen, Stephen J. Andrews, Prudence Bateson, Stephane J.-B. Bauguitte, Ralph R. Burton, Ioana Colfescu, James France, James R. Hopkins, Langwen Huang, Anna E. Jones, Tom Lachlan-Cope, James D. Lee, Alastair C. Lewis, Stephen D. Mobbs, Alexandra Weiss, Stuart Young, and Ruth M. Purvis
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 3741–3762, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3741-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3741-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We use airborne measurements to evaluate the speciation of volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from offshore oil and gas (O&G) installations in the North Sea. The composition of emissions varied across regions associated with either gas, condensate or oil extraction, demonstrating that VOC emissions are not uniform across the whole O&G sector. We compare our results to VOC source profiles in the UK emissions inventory, showing these emissions are not currently fully characterized.
Max Thomas, James France, Odile Crabeck, Benjamin Hall, Verena Hof, Dirk Notz, Tokoloho Rampai, Leif Riemenschneider, Oliver John Tooth, Mathilde Tranter, and Jan Kaiser
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 1833–1849, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-1833-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-1833-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We describe the Roland von Glasow Air-Sea-Ice Chamber, a laboratory facility for studying ocean–sea-ice–atmosphere interactions. We characterise the technical capabilities of our facility to help future users plan and perform experiments. We also characterise the sea ice grown in the facility, showing that the extinction of photosynthetically active radiation, the bulk salinity, and the growth rate of our artificial sea ice are within the range of natural values.
James L. France, Prudence Bateson, Pamela Dominutti, Grant Allen, Stephen Andrews, Stephane Bauguitte, Max Coleman, Tom Lachlan-Cope, Rebecca E. Fisher, Langwen Huang, Anna E. Jones, James Lee, David Lowry, Joseph Pitt, Ruth Purvis, John Pyle, Jacob Shaw, Nicola Warwick, Alexandra Weiss, Shona Wilde, Jonathan Witherstone, and Stuart Young
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 71–88, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-71-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-71-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Measuring emission rates of methane from installations is tricky, and it is even more so when those installations are located offshore. Here, we show the aircraft set-up and demonstrate an effective methodology for surveying emissions from UK and Dutch offshore oil and gas installations. We present example data collected from two campaigns to demonstrate the challenges and solutions encountered during these surveys.
Patrick A. Barker, Grant Allen, Martin Gallagher, Joseph R. Pitt, Rebecca E. Fisher, Thomas Bannan, Euan G. Nisbet, Stéphane J.-B. Bauguitte, Dominika Pasternak, Samuel Cliff, Marina B. Schimpf, Archit Mehra, Keith N. Bower, James D. Lee, Hugh Coe, and Carl J. Percival
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 15443–15459, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-15443-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-15443-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Africa is estimated to account for approximately 52 % of global biomass burning (BB) carbon emissions. Despite this, there has been little previous in situ study of African BB emissions. This work presents BB emission factors for various atmospheric trace gases sampled from an aircraft in two distinct areas of Africa (Senegal and Uganda). Intracontinental variability in biomass burning methane emission is identified, which is attributed to difference in the specific fuel mixtures burnt.
Hossein Maazallahi, Julianne M. Fernandez, Malika Menoud, Daniel Zavala-Araiza, Zachary D. Weller, Stefan Schwietzke, Joseph C. von Fischer, Hugo Denier van der Gon, and Thomas Röckmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 14717–14740, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-14717-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-14717-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Methane accounts for ∼ 25 % of current climate warming. The current lack of methane measurements is a barrier for tracking major sources, which are key for near-term climate mitigation. We use mobile measurements to identify and quantify methane emission sources in Utrecht (NL) and Hamburg (DE) with a focus on natural gas pipeline leaks. The measurements resulted in fixing the major leaks by the local utility, but coordinated efforts are needed at national levels for further emission reductions.
Joram J. D. Hooghiem, Maria Elena Popa, Thomas Röckmann, Jens-Uwe Grooß, Ines Tritscher, Rolf Müller, Rigel Kivi, and Huilin Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 13985–14003, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-13985-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-13985-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Wildfires release a large quantity of pollutants that can reach the stratosphere through pyro-convection events. In September 2017, a stratospheric plume was accidentally sampled during balloon soundings in northern Finland. The source of the plume was identified to be wildfire smoke based on in situ measurements of carbon monoxide (CO) and stable isotope analysis of CO. Furthermore, the age of the plume was estimated using backwards transport modelling to be ~24 d, with its origin in Canada.
Alina Fiehn, Julian Kostinek, Maximilian Eckl, Theresa Klausner, Michał Gałkowski, Jinxuan Chen, Christoph Gerbig, Thomas Röckmann, Hossein Maazallahi, Martina Schmidt, Piotr Korbeń, Jarosław Neçki, Pawel Jagoda, Norman Wildmann, Christian Mallaun, Rostyslav Bun, Anna-Leah Nickl, Patrick Jöckel, Andreas Fix, and Anke Roiger
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 12675–12695, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-12675-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-12675-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
A severe reduction of greenhouse gas emissions is necessary to fulfill the Paris Agreement. We use aircraft- and ground-based in situ observations of trace gases and wind speed from two flights over the Upper Silesian Coal Basin, Poland, for independent emission estimation. The derived methane emission estimates are within the range of emission inventories, carbon dioxide estimates are in the lower range and carbon monoxide emission estimates are slightly higher than emission inventory values.
Cited articles
Albers, J. C., Kiers, H. A. L., and van Ravenzwaaij, D.: Credible confidence: a
pragmatic view on the frequentist vs Bayesian debate, Collabra: Psychology,
4, 31, https://doi.org/10.1525/collabra.149, 2018.
Australian Competition and Consumer Commission: Gas inquiry 2017–2025
Interim report, https://www.accc.gov.au/publications/serial-publications/gas-inquiry-2017-2025
(last access: 17 January 2022), 2020.
Australian Government: National Inventory Report 2018 Volume 1, https://www.industry.gov.au/data-and-publications/national-greenhouse-gas-inventory-report-2018
(last access: 17 January 2022), 2020a.
Australian Government: Quarterly Update of Australia's National Greenhouse
Gas Inventory: September 2020, https://www.industry.gov.au/data-and-publications/national-greenhouse-gas-inventory-quarterly-updates
(last access: 17 January 2022), 2020b.
Australian Government: Geoscape Administrative Boundaries,
https://data.gov.au/data/dataset/bdcf5b09-89bc-47ec-9281-6b8e9ee147aa, last access: 10 June 2020c.
Australian Government: National Gas Infrastructure Plan, Department of
Industry, Science, Energy and Resources, https://www.industry.gov.au/sites/default/files/2022-09/disclosure-log-21-081-70042m.pdf
(last access: 8 December 2022), 2021.
Barkley, Z. R., Lauvaux, T., Davis, K. J., Deng, A., Miles, N. L., Richardson, S. J., Cao, Y., Sweeney, C., Karion, A., Smith, M., Kort, E. A., Schwietzke, S., Murphy, T., Cervone, G., Martins, D., and Maasakkers, J. D.: Quantifying methane emissions from natural gas production in north-eastern Pennsylvania, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 13941–13966, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-13941-2017, 2017.
Basu, S., Lan, X., Dlugokencky, E., Michel, S., Schwietzke, S., Miller, J. B., Bruhwiler, L., Oh, Y., Tans, P. P., Apadula, F., Gatti, L. V., Jordan, A., Necki, J., Sasakawa, M., Morimoto, S., Di Iorio, T., Lee, H., Arduini, J., and Manca, G.: Estimating emissions of methane consistent with atmospheric measurements of methane and δ13C of methane, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 15351–15377, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15351-2022, 2022.
Baublys, K. A., Hamilton, S. K., Golding, S. D., Vink, S., and Esterle, J.:
Microbial controls on the origin and evolution of coal seam gases and
production waters of the Walloon Subgroup; Surat Basin, Australia, Int. J.
Coal Geol., 147–148, 85–104, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2015.06.007, 2015.
Beck, V., Chen, H., Gerbig, C., Bergamaschi, P., Bruhwiler, L., Houweling,
S., Röckmann, T., Kolle, O., Steinbach, J., Koch, T., Sapart, C. J.,
Veen, C. van der, Frankenberg, C., Andreae, M. O., Artaxo, P., Longo, K. M.,
and Wofsy, S. C.: Methane airborne measurements and comparison to global
models during BARCA, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 117, 15310,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD017345, 2012.
Day, C., Tibbett, S., Sestak, A., Knight, S., Marvig, C., Mcgarry, P., Weir,
S., White, S., Armand, S., Van Holst, S., Fry, J., Dell'amico, R.,
Halliburton, M., and Azzi, B.: Methane and Volatile Organic Compound
Emissions in New South Wales, https://www.epa.nsw.gov.au/~/media/EPA/Corporate Site/resources/air/methane-volatile-organic-compound-emissions-nsw-3063.ashx
(last access: 11 August 2022), 2016.
Desjardins, R. L., Worth, D. E., Pattey, E., VanderZaag, A., Srinivasan, R.,
Mauder, M., Worthy, D., Sweeney, C., and Metzger, S.: The challenge of
reconciling bottom-up agricultural methane emissions inventories with
top-down measurements, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 248, 48–59,
https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AGRFORMET.2017.09.003, 2018.
Dlugokencky, E. J., Myers, R. C., Lang, P. M., Masarie, K. A., Crotwell, A.
M., Thoning, K. W., Hall, B. D., Elkins, J. W., and Steele, L. P.: Conversion
of NOAA atmospheric dry air CH4 mole fractions to a gravimetrically
prepared standard scale, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 110, 1–8,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006035, 2005.
Draper, J. J. and Boreham, C. J.: Geological Controls On Exploitable Coal
Seam Gas Distribution In Queensland, APPEA J., 46, 366,
https://doi.org/10.1071/aj05019, 2006.
Draxler, R. R., Spring, S., Maryland, U. S. A., and Hess, G. D.: An Overview
of the HYSPLIT_4 Modelling System for Trajectories,
Dispersion, and Deposition, Aust. Meteorol. Mag., 47, 295–308, 1998.
EFDB: Change, Emission Factor Database EFDB, IPCC – Intergovernmental Panel
on Climate, https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/EFDB/main.php (last access: 23 August 2021),
2006.
Fisher, R., Lowry, D., Wilkin, O., Sriskantharajah, S., and Nisbet, E. G.:
High-precision, automated stable isotope analysis of atmospheric methane and
carbon dioxide using continuous-flow isotope-ratio mass spectrometry, Rapid
Commun. Mass Spectrom., 20, 200–208, https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.2300, 2006.
Fisher, R. E., France, J. L., Lowry, D., Lanoisellé, M., Brownlow, R.,
Pyle, J. A., Cain, M., Warwick, N., Skiba, U. M., Drewer, J., Dinsmore, K.
J., Leeson, S. R., Bauguitte, S. J.-B., Wellpott, A., O'Shea, S. J., Allen,
G., Gallagher, M. W., Pitt, J., Percival, C. J., Bower, K., George, C.,
Hayman, G. D., Aalto, T., Lohila, A., Aurela, M., Laurila, T., Crill, P. M.,
McCalley, C. K., and Nisbet, E. G.: Measurement of the 13C isotopic
signature of methane emissions from northern European wetlands, Global
Biogeochem. Cy., 31, 605–623,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GB005504, 2017.
France, J. L., Cain, M., Fisher, R. E., Lowry, D., Allen, G., O'Shea, S. J.,
Illingworth, S., Pyle, J., Warwick, N., Jones, B. T., Gallagher, M. W.,
Bower, K., Le Breton, M., Percival, C., Muller, J., Welpott, A., Bauguitte,
S., George, C., Hayman, G. D., Manning, A. J., Myhre, C. L., Lanoisellé,
M., and Nisbet, E. G.: Measurements of δ13C in CH4 and using
particle dispersion modeling to characterize sources of Arctic methane
within an air mass, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 121, 14257–14270,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JD026006, 2016.
France, J. L., Bateson, P., Dominutti, P., Allen, G., Andrews, S., Bauguitte, S., Coleman, M., Lachlan-Cope, T., Fisher, R. E., Huang, L., Jones, A. E., Lee, J., Lowry, D., Pitt, J., Purvis, R., Pyle, J., Shaw, J., Warwick, N., Weiss, A., Wilde, S., Witherstone, J., and Young, S.: Facility level measurement of offshore oil and gas installations from a medium-sized airborne platform: method development for quantification and source identification of methane emissions, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 71–88, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-71-2021, 2021.
Ginty, E. M.: Carbon Isotopic Evidence That Coal Derived Methane Is Altering
The Chemistry of The Global Atmosphere, Honours thesis, The University of
New South Wales, Australia, 63 pp., 2016.
Godwin, S., Kang, A., Gulino, L.-M., Manefield, M., Gutierrez-Zamora, M.-L.,
Kienzle, M., Ouwerkerk, D., Dawson, K., and Klieve, A. V: Investigation of
the microbial metabolism of carbon dioxide and hydrogen in the kangaroo
foregut by stable isotope probing, ISME J., 89, 1855–1865,
https://doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2014.25, 2014.
Gorchov Negron, A. M., Kort, E. A., Conley, S. A., and Smith, M. L.: Airborne
Assessment of Methane Emissions from Offshore Platforms in the U.S. Gulf of
Mexico, Environ. Sci. Technol., 54, 5112–5120,
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c00179, 2020.
Hamilton, S. K., Esterle, J. S., and Golding, S. D.: Geological interpretation of gas
content trends, Walloon Subgroup, eastern Surat Basin, Queensland,
Australia, Int. J. Coal Geol., 101, 21–35, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2012.07.001, 2012.
Hamilton, S. K., Golding, S. D., Baublys, K. A., and Esterle, J. S.: Stable
isotopic and molecular composition of desorbed coal seam gases from the
Walloon Subgroup, eastern Surat Basin, Australia, Int. J. Coal Geol., 122,
21–36, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2013.12.003, 2014.
Hamilton, S. K., Golding, S. D., Baublys, K. A., and Esterle, J. S.:
Conceptual exploration targeting for microbially enhanced coal bed methane
(MECoM) in the Walloon Subgroup, eastern Surat Basin, Australia, Int. J.
Coal Geol., 138, 68–82, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2014.12.002, 2015.
Han, P., Zeng, N., Oda, T., Lin, X., Crippa, M., Guan, D., Janssens-Maenhout, G., Ma, X., Liu, Z., Shan, Y., Tao, S., Wang, H., Wang, R., Wu, L., Yun, X., Zhang, Q., Zhao, F., and Zheng, B.: Evaluating China's fossil-fuel CO2 emissions from a comprehensive dataset of nine inventories, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 11371–11385, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-11371-2020, 2020.
IPCC: Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (NGHGI), https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/index.html
(last access: 23 August 2021), 2006.
IPCC: Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories, https://www.ipcc.ch/report/2019-refinement-to-the-2006-ipcc-guidelines-for-national-greenhouse-gas-inventories/
(last access: 23 August 2021), 2019.
Iverach, C. P., Cendón, D. I., Hankin, S. I., Lowry, D., Fisher, R. E.,
France, J. L., Nisbet, E. G., Baker, A., and Kelly, B. F. J.: Assessing
Connectivity Between an Overlying Aquifer and a Coal Seam Gas Resource Using
Methane Isotopes, Dissolved Organic Carbon and Tritium, Sci. Rep.-UK, 5, 1–11,
https://doi.org/10.1038/srep15996, 2015.
Iverach, C. P., Beckmann, S., Cendón, D. I., Manefield, M., and Kelly, B. F. J.: Biogeochemical constraints on the origin of methane in an alluvial aquifer: evidence for the upward migration of methane from underlying coal measures, Biogeosciences, 14, 215–228, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-215-2017, 2017.
Jemena: Darling Downs Pipeline, https://jemena.com.au/pipelines/darling-downs-pipeline, last access: 29 August
2021.
Johnson, M. R., Tyner, D. R., Conley, S., Schwietzke, S., and Zavala-Araiza D.: Comparisons
of airborne measurements and inventory estimates of methane emissions in the
Alberta upstream oil and gas sector, Environ. Sci. Technol., 51, 13008–13017, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b03525, 2017.
Karion, A., Sweeney, C., Pétron, G., Frost, G., Michael Hardesty, R.,
Kofler, J., Miller, B. R., Newberger, T., Wolter, S., Banta, R., Brewer, A.,
Dlugokencky, E., Lang, P., Montzka, S. A., Schnell, R., Tans, P., Trainer,
M., Zamora, R., and Conley, S.: Methane emissions estimate from airborne
measurements over a western United States natural gas field, Geophys. Res.
Lett., 40, 4393–4397, https://doi.org/10.1002/grl.50811, 2013.
Karion, A., Sweeney, C., Kort, E. A., Shepson, P. B., Brewer, A., Cambaliza,
M., Conley, S. A., Davis, K., Deng, A., Hardesty, M., Herndon, S. C.,
Lauvaux, T., Lavoie, T., Lyon, D., Newberger, T., Pétron, G., Rella, C.,
Smith, M., Wolter, S., Yacovitch, T. I., and Tans, P.: Aircraft-Based
Estimate of Total Methane Emissions from the Barnett Shale Region, Environ.
Sci. Technol., 49, 8124–8131, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b00217, 2015.
Keeling, C. D.: The concentration and isotopic abundances of carbon dioxide
in rural and marine air, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 24, 277–298,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(61)90023-0, 1961.
Kirschke, S., Bousquet, P., Ciais, P., Saunois, M., Canadell, J. G.,
Dlugokencky, E. J., Bergamaschi, P., Bergmann, D., Blake, D. R., Bruhwiler,
L., Cameron-Smith, P., Castaldi, S., Chevallier, F., Feng, L., Fraser, A.,
Heimann, M., Hodson, E. L., Houweling, S., Josse, B., Fraser, P. J.,
Krummel, P. B., Lamarque, J.-F., Langenfelds, R. L., Le Quéré, C.,
Naik, V., Palmer, P. I., Pison, I., Plummer, D., Poulter, B., Prinn, R. G.,
Rigby, M., Ringeval, B., Santini, M., Schmidt, M., Shindell, D. T., Simpson,
I. J., Spahni, R., Paul Steele, L., Strode, S. A., Sudo, K., Szopa, S., van
der Werf, G. R., Voulgarakis, A., van Weele, M., Weiss, R. F., Williams, J.
E., and Zeng, G.: Three decades of global methane sources and sinks, Nat.
Geosci., 6, 813–823, https://doi.org/10.1038/NGEO1955, 2013.
Lan, X., Basu, S., Schwietzke, S., Bruhwiler, L. M. P., Dlugokencky, E. J.,
Michel, S. E., Sherwood, O. A., Tans, P. P., Thoning, K., Etiope, G.,
Zhuang, Q., Liu, L., Oh, Y., Miller, J. B., Pétron, G., Vaughn, B. H.,
and Crippa, M.: Improved Constraints on Global Methane Emissions and Sinks
Using δ13C-CH4, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 35,
e2021GB007000, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GB007000, 2021.
Lowry, D., Fisher, R. E., France, J. L., Coleman, M., Lanoisellé, M.,
Zazzeri, G., Nisbet, E. G., Shaw, J. T., Allen, G., Pitt, J., and Ward, R.
S.: Environmental baseline monitoring for shale gas development in the UK:
Identification and geochemical characterisation of local source emissions of
methane to atmosphere, Sci. Total Environ., 708, 134600,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134600, 2020.
Lu, D., Ye., M., and Hill, M. C.: Analysis of regression confidence intervals and
Bayesian credible intervals for uncertainty quantification, Water Resour.
Res., 48, W09521, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011WR011289, 2012.
Lu, X., Harris, S. J., Fisher, R. E., France, J. L., Nisbet, E. G., Lowry, D., Röckmann, T., van der Veen, C., Menoud, M., Schwietzke, S., and Kelly, B. F. J.: Isotopic signatures of major methane sources in the coal seam gas fields and adjacent agricultural districts, Queensland, Australia, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 10527–10555, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10527-2021, 2021.
Menoud, M., van der Veen, C., Scheeren, B., Chen, H., Szénási, B.,
Morales, R. P., Pison, I., Bousquet, P., Brunner, D., and Röckmann, T.:
Characterisation of methane sources in Lutjewad, The Netherlands, using
quasi-continuous isotopic composition measurements, Tellus B, 72, 1–19, https://doi.org/10.1080/16000889.2020.1823733, 2020.
Menoud, M., van der Veen, C., Necki, J., Bartyzel, J., Szénási, B., Stanisavljević, M., Pison, I., Bousquet, P., and Röckmann, T.: Methane (CH4) sources in Krakow, Poland: insights from isotope analysis, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 13167–13185, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13167-2021, 2021.
Menoud, M., van der Veen, C., Lowry, D., Fernandez, J. M., Bakkaloglu, S., France, J. L., Fisher, R. E., Maazallahi, H., Stanisavljević, M., Nȩcki, J., Vinkovic, K., Łakomiec, P., Rinne, J., Korbeń, P., Schmidt, M., Defratyka, S., Yver-Kwok, C., Andersen, T., Chen, H., and Röckmann, T.: New contributions of measurements in Europe to the global inventory of the stable isotopic composition of methane, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 4365–4386, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4365-2022, 2022a.
Menoud, M., van der Veen, C., Maazallahi, H., Hensen, A., Velzeboer, I., van
den Bulk, P., Delre, A., Korben, P., Schwietzke, S., Ardelean, M., Calcan,
A., Etiope, G., Baciu, C., Scheutz, C., Schmidt, M., and Röckmann, T.:
CH4 isotopic signatures of emissions from oil and gas extraction
sites in Romania, Elementa, 10, 00092,
https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.2021.00092, 2022b.
Mielke-Maday, I., Schwietzke, S., Yacovitch, T.I., Miller, B., Conley, S.,
Kofler, J., Handley, P., Thorley, E., Herndon, S. C., Hall, B., Dlugokencky,
E., Lang, P., Wolter, S., Moglia, E., Crotwell, M., Crotwell, A., Rhodes,
M., Kitzis, D., Vaughn, T., Bell, C., Zimmerle, D., Schnell, R., and Pétron
G.: Methane source attribution in a U.S. dry gas basin using spatial
patterns of ground and airborne ethane and methane measurements, Elementa, 7, 351,
https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.351, 2019.
Milkov, A. V. and Etiope, G.: Revised genetic diagrams for natural gases
based on a global dataset of > 20,000 samples, Org. Geochem.,
125, 109–120, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ORGGEOCHEM.2018.09.002, 2018.
Miller, J. B. and Tans, P. P.: Calculating isotopic fractionation from
atmospheric measurements at various scales, Tellus B, 55, 207–214,
https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0889.2003.00020.x, 2003.
Neininger, B. G., Kelly, B. F. J., Hacker, J. M., Lu, X., and Schwietzke, S.:
Coal seam gas industry methane emissions in the Surat Basin, Australia:
Comparing airborne measurements with inventories, Philos. T. R. Soc. A,
379, 20200458, https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2020.0458, 2021.
Pataki, D. E., Ehleringer, J. R., Flanagan, L. B., Yakir, D., Bowling, D.
R., Still, C. J., Buchmann, N., Kaplan, J. O., and Berry, J. A.: The
application and interpretation of Keeling plots in terrestrial carbon cycle
research, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 17, 1022, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001GB001850,
2003.
Peischl, J., Ryerson, T. B., Aikin, K. C., De Gouw, J. A., Gilman, J. B.,
Holloway, J. S., Lerner, B. M., Nadkarni, R., Neuman, J. A., Nowak, J. B.,
Trainer, M., Warneke, C., and Parrish, D. D.: Quantifying atmospheric methane
emissions from the Haynesville, Fayetteville, and northeastern Marcellus
shale gas production regions, J. Geophys. Res., 120, 2119–2139,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JD022697, 2015.
Peischl, J., Karion, A., Sweeney, C., Kort, E. A., Smith, M. L., Brandt, A.
R., Yeskoo, T., Aikin, K. C., Conley, S. A., Gvakharia, A., Trainer, M.,
Wolter, S., and Ryerson, T. B.: Quantifying atmospheric methane emissions
from oil and natural gas production in the Bakken shale region of North
Dakota, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 121, 6101–6111,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JD024631, 2016.
Peischl, J., Eilerman, S. J., Neuman, J. A., Aikin, K. C., de Gouw, J.,
Gilman, J. B., Herndon, S. C., Nadkarni, R., Trainer, M., Warneke, C., and
Ryerson, T. B.: Quantifying Methane and Ethane Emissions to the Atmosphere
From Central and Western U.S. Oil and Natural Gas Production Regions, J.
Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 123, 7725–7740, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JD028622, 2018.
Pétron, G., Karion, A., Sweeney, C., Miller, B. R., Montzka, S. A.,
Frost, G. J., Trainer, M., Tans, P., Andrews, A., Kofler, J., Helmig, D.,
Guenther, D., Dlugokencky, E., Lang, P., Newberger, T., Wolter, S., Hall,
B., Novelli, P., Brewer, A., Conley, S., Hardesty, M., Banta, R., White, A.,
Noone, D., Wolfe, D., and Schnell, R.: A new look at methane and nonmethane
hydrocarbon emissions from oil and natural gas operations in the Colorado
Denver-Julesburg Basin, J. Geophys. Res., 119, 6836–6852,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JD021272, 2014.
QGC: Surat North Development Water Resource Monitoring and Management Plan,
Stage 3 Water Monitoring and Management Plane, Chapter 14: Associated Water
Management, https://www.shell.com.au/about-us/projects-and-locations/qgc/environment/water-management/reports.html
(last access: 27 February 2022), 2013.
Quay, P., Stutsman, J., Wilbur, D., Snover, A., Dlugokencky, E., and Brown,
T.: The isotopic composition of atmospheric methane, Global Biogeochem.
Cy., 13, 445–461, https://doi.org/10.1029/1998GB900006, 1999.
Röckmann, T., Eyer, S., van der Veen, C., Popa, M. E., Tuzson, B., Monteil, G., Houweling, S., Harris, E., Brunner, D., Fischer, H., Zazzeri, G., Lowry, D., Nisbet, E. G., Brand, W. A., Necki, J. M., Emmenegger, L., and Mohn, J.: In situ observations of the isotopic composition of methane at the Cabauw tall tower site, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 10469–10487, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-10469-2016, 2016.
Schwietzke, S., Pétron, G., Conley, S., Pickering, C., Mielke-Maday, I.,
Dlugokencky, E. J., Tans, P. P., Vaughn, T., Bell, C., Zimmerle, D., Wolter,
S., King, C. W., White, A. B., Coleman, T., Bianco, L., and Schnell, R. C.:
Improved Mechanistic Understanding of Natural Gas Methane Emissions from
Spatially Resolved Aircraft Measurements, Environ. Sci. Technol., 51,
7286–7294, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b01810, 2017.
Scott, S., Anderson, B., Crosdale, P., Dingwall, J., and Leblang, G.: Coal
petrology and coal seam gas contents of the Walloon Subgroup – Surat
Basin, Queensland, Australia, Int. J. Coal Geol., 70, 209–222,
https://doi.org/10.1016/J.COAL.2006.04.010, 2007.
Sherwood, O. A., Schwietzke, S., Arling, V. A., and Etiope, G.: Global Inventory of Gas Geochemistry Data from Fossil Fuel, Microbial and Burning Sources, version 2017, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 9, 639–656, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-639-2017, 2017.
Sherwood, O. A., Schwietzke, S., and Lan, X.:
NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory Data Repository,
Global δ13C-CH4,
Source Signature Inventory 2020, https://doi.org/10.15138/qn55-e011, 2020.
Smit, S.: MultiNonlinearModelFit, Wolfram Function Repository [code], https://resources.wolframcloud.com/FunctionRepository/resources/MultiNonlinearModelFit (last access: 27 January 2022), 1986.
Smith, M. L., Kort, E. A., Karion, A., Sweeney, C., Herndon, S. C., and Yacovitch, T. I.: Airborne
ethane observations in the Barnett Shale: quantification of ethane flux and
attribution of methane emissions, Environ. Sci. Technol., 49, 8158–8166,
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b00219, 2015.
Stein, A. F., Draxler, R. R., Rolph, G. D., Stunder, B. J. B., Cohen, M. D.,
and Ngan, F.: NOAA's HYSPLIT Atmospheric Transport and Dispersion Modeling
System, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 96, 2059–2077,
https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00110.1, 2015.
Sugimoto, A., Inoue, T., Tayasu, I., Miller, L., Takeichi, S., and Abe, T.:
Methane and hydrogen production in a termite-symbiont system, Ecol. Res.,
13, 241–257, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1703.1998.00262.x, 1998.
Tarasova, O. A., Brenninkmeijer, C. A. M., Assonov, S. S., Elansky, N. F.,
Röckmann, T., and Brass, M.: Atmospheric CH4 along the Trans-Siberian
railroad (TROICA) and river Ob: Source identification using stable isotope
analysis, Atmos. Environ., 40, 5617–5628,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.04.065, 2006.
Townsend-Small, A., Marrero, J. E., Lyon, D. R., Simpson, I. J., Meinardi,
S., and Blake, D. R.: Integrating Source Apportionment Tracers into a
Bottom-up Inventory of Methane Emissions in the Barnett Shale Hydraulic
Fracturing Region, Environ. Sci. Technol., 49, 8175–8182,
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b00057, 2015.
Turner, A. J., Jacob, D. J., Wecht, K. J., Maasakkers, J. D., Lundgren, E., Andrews, A. E., Biraud, S. C., Boesch, H., Bowman, K. W., Deutscher, N. M., Dubey, M. K., Griffith, D. W. T., Hase, F., Kuze, A., Notholt, J., Ohyama, H., Parker, R., Payne, V. H., Sussmann, R., Sweeney, C., Velazco, V. A., Warneke, T., Wennberg, P. O., and Wunch, D.: Estimating global and North American methane emissions with high spatial resolution using GOSAT satellite data, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 7049–7069, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-7049-2015, 2015.
Vardag, S. N., Hammer, S., and Levin, I.: Evaluation of 4 years of continuous δ13C(CO2) data using a moving Keeling plot method, Biogeosciences, 13, 4237–4251, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4237-2016, 2016.
Verhulst, K. R., Karion, A., Kim, J., Salameh, P. K., Keeling, R. F., Newman, S., Miller, J., Sloop, C., Pongetti, T., Rao, P., Wong, C., Hopkins, F. M., Yadav, V., Weiss, R. F., Duren, R. M., and Miller, C. E.: Carbon dioxide and methane measurements from the Los Angeles Megacity Carbon Project – Part 1: calibration, urban enhancements, and uncertainty estimates, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 8313–8341, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-8313-2017, 2017.
Whiticar, M. J.: Carbon and hydrogen isotope systematics of bacterial
formation and oxidation of methane, Chem. Geol., 161, 291–314,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(99)00092-3, 1999.
WMO: GAW Report No. 255, 20th WMO/IAEA Meeting on Carbon Dioxide, Other
Greenhouse Gases and Related Measurement Techniques (GGMT-2019), Jeju
Island, South Korea, https://library.wmo.int/doc_num.php?explnum_id=10353 (last access: 9 April 2021), 2020.
Wolfram Research Inc.: Mathematica Version 12.0, Champaign, Illinois,
https://www.wolfram.com/mathematica (last access: 17
January 2022), 2019.
Worden, J. R., Bloom, A. A., Pandey, S., Jiang, Z., Worden, H. M., Walker,
T. W., Houweling, S., and Röckmann, T.: Reduced biomass burning emissions
reconcile conflicting estimates of the post-2006 atmospheric methane budget,
Nat. Commun., 8, 1–11, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-02246-0, 2017.
Yacovitch, T. I., Neininger, B., Herndon, S. C., van der Gon, H. D.,
Jonkers, S., Hulskotte, J., Roscioli, J. R., and Zavala-Araiza, D.: Methane
emissions in the Netherlands: The Groningen field, Elementa, 6, 57,
https://doi.org/10.1525/ELEMENTA.308, 2018.
Zazzeri, G., Lowry, D., Fisher, R. E., France, J. L., Lanoisellé, M.,
Grimmond, C. S. B., and Nisbet, E. G.: Evaluating methane inventories by
isotopic analysis in the London region, Sci. Rep.-UK, 7, 4854,
https://doi.org/10.1038/S41598-017-04802-6, 2017.
Zhang, Y., Gautam, R., Pandey, S., Omara, M., Maasakkers, J. D., Sadavarte,
P., Lyon, D., Nesser, H., Sulprizio, M. P., Varon, D. J., Zhang, R.,
Houweling, S., Zavala-Araiza, D., Alvarez, R. A., Lorente, A., Hamburg, S.
P., Aben, I., and Jacob, D. J.: Quantifying methane emissions from the
largest oil-producing basin in the United States from space, Sci. Adv.,
6, 1–10, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaz5120, 2020.
Zhang, Y., Jacob, D. J., Lu, X., Maasakkers, J. D., Scarpelli, T. R., Sheng, J.-X., Shen, L., Qu, Z., Sulprizio, M. P., Chang, J., Bloom, A. A., Ma, S., Worden, J., Parker, R. J., and Boesch, H.: Attribution of the accelerating increase in atmospheric methane during 2010–2018 by inverse analysis of GOSAT observations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 3643–3666, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3643-2021, 2021.
Short summary
This study explores using the composition of methane of in-flight atmospheric air samples for greenhouse gas inventory verification. The air samples were collected above one of the largest coal seam gas production regions in the world. Adjacent to these gas fields are coal mines, Australia's largest cattle feedlot, and over 1 million grazing cattle. The results are also used to identify methane mitigation opportunities.
This study explores using the composition of methane of in-flight atmospheric air samples for...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint