Articles | Volume 22, issue 21
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14075-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14075-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Fluorescence characteristics, absorption properties, and radiative effects of water-soluble organic carbon in seasonal snow across northeastern China
Xiaoying Niu
Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of
Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, 730000 Lanzhou, China
Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of
Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, 730000 Lanzhou, China
Pingqing Fu
Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, 300072 Tianjin, China
Yang Chen
Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of
Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, 730000 Lanzhou, China
Yuxuan Xing
Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of
Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, 730000 Lanzhou, China
Dongyou Wu
Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of
Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, 730000 Lanzhou, China
Ziqi Chen
Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of
Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, 730000 Lanzhou, China
Tenglong Shi
Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of
Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, 730000 Lanzhou, China
Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of
Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, 730000 Lanzhou, China
Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of
Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, 730000 Lanzhou, China
Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of
Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, 730000 Lanzhou, China
Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, 300072 Tianjin, China
Related authors
Yuxuan Xing, Yang Chen, Shirui Yan, Xiaoyi Cao, Yong Zhou, Xueying Zhang, Tenglong Shi, Xiaoying Niu, Dongyou Wu, Jiecan Cui, Yue Zhou, Xin Wang, and Wei Pu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 5199–5219, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5199-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5199-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigated the impact of dust storms from the Taklamakan Desert on surrounding high mountains and regional radiation balance. Using satellite data and simulations, researchers found that dust storms significantly darken the snow surface in the Tien Shan, Kunlun, and Qilian mountains, reaching mountains up to 1000 km away. This darkening occurs not only in spring but also during summer and autumn, leading to increased absorption of solar radiation.
Yue Zhou, Christopher P. West, Anusha P. S. Hettiyadura, Xiaoying Niu, Hui Wen, Jiecan Cui, Tenglong Shi, Wei Pu, Xin Wang, and Alexander Laskin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 8531–8555, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8531-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8531-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We present a comprehensive characterization of water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) in seasonal snow of northwestern China. We applied complementary multimodal analytical techniques to investigate bulk and molecular-level composition, optical properties, and sources of WSOC. For the first time, we estimated the extent of radiative forcing due to WSOC in snow using a model simulation and showed the profound influences of WSOC on the energy budget of midlatitude seasonal snowpack.
Qinghao Guo, Haofei Zhang, Bo Long, Lehui Cui, Yiyang Sun, Hao Liu, Yaxin Liu, Yunting Xiao, Pingqing Fu, and Jialei Zhu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 9249–9262, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-9249-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-9249-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Limonene, a natural compound from plants, reacts with pollutants to form airborne particles that influence air quality and climate. Using advanced models with explicit chemical mechanisms, we show how different reaction pathways shape organonitrate formation, with some increasing and others decreasing particle levels. This approach enhances predictions of pollution and climate impacts while deepening our understanding of how natural and human-made emissions interact in the atmosphere.
Tenglong Shi, Jiayao Wang, Daizhou Zhang, Jiecan Cui, Zihang Wang, Yue Zhou, Wei Pu, Yang Bai, Zhigang Han, Meng Liu, Yanbiao Liu, Hongbin Xie, Minghui Yang, Ying Li, Meng Gao, and Xin Wang
The Cryosphere, 19, 2821–2835, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-2821-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-2821-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study examines the properties of dust in snow in Changchun, China, using advanced technology to analyze its size, shape, and light absorption. We found that dust composition affects how much heat is absorbed by snow, with certain minerals, such as hematite, making snowmelt faster. Our research highlights the importance of creating clear standards for classifying dust, which could improve climate models and field observations. This work helps better understand dust's role in climate change.
Wenxin Zhang, Wei Hu, Mutong Niu, Quanfei Zhu, Na An, Qiang Zhang, Rui Jin, Xiaoli Fu, Jian Hao, Jianbo Yang, Jingle Liu, Jing Shi, Suqin Han, Junjun Deng, Libin Wu, Yuqi Feng, Kimitaka Kawamura, and Pingqing Fu
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2269, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2269, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigated airborne endotoxins varying with height and season in northern China. By analyzing specific hydroxy fatty acids in aerosols, we estimated endotoxins at ground level and higher altitudes. Higher concentrations were observed near the ground during winter, likely driven by microbial emissions and combustion sources. Our findings suggest that air pollution and meteorological factors can influence endotoxin concentrations, posing potential health risks in urban environments.
Hanzheng Zhu, Yaman Liu, Man Yue, Shihui Feng, Pingqing Fu, Kan Huang, Xinyi Dong, and Minghuai Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 5175–5197, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-5175-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-5175-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Dust-soluble iron deposition from East Asia plays an important role in the marine ecology of the Northwest Pacific. Using the developed model, our findings highlight a dual trend: a decrease in the overall deposition of soluble iron from dust but an increase in the solubility of the iron itself due to the enhanced atmospheric processing. The study underscores the critical roles of both dust emission and atmospheric processing in soluble iron deposition and marine ecology.
Mingyu Li, Zhanjie Xu, Zhichao Dong, Junjun Deng, Pingqing Fu, and Chandra Mouli Pavuluri
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1335, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1335, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigated the seasonal and diurnal variability of fine aerosol composition in two forest ecosystems in North and South China. Carbonaceous/nitrogenous compound concentrations were higher in winter than summer at both sites. The forest fine aerosols in high latitude exhibited significantly greater influence from fossil fuel combustion compared to that in low latitude.
Zhichao Dong, Subba Rao Devineni, Xiaoli Fu, Zhanjie Xu, Mingyu Li, Pingqing Fu, Cong-Qiang Liu, and Chandra Mouli Pavuluri
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-899, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-899, 2025
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
We developed new method to detect and measure organosulfates in PM2.5. By synthesizing organosulfates and combining them with commercial standards, we improved detection accuracy. Testing air samples from Tianjin, China, we found wintertime levels of organosulfates were much higher than in other regions. Our results show how human actions directly impact air quality and provide a tool to track pollution sources. This work helps scientists understand and address harmful aerosols in environments.
Yaxin Liu, Yunting Xiao, Lehui Cui, Qinghao Guo, Yiyang Sun, Pingqing Fu, Cong-Qiang Liu, and Jialei Zhu
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-763, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-763, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Dust carries iron deposits into the ocean, providing essential nutrients for the growth of marine phytoplankton, influencing their carbon uptake capacity. A model constrained by global datasets on dust iron content, ocean iron solubility, and dissolved iron concentrations was used to assess the contributions of 11 major dust sources to carbon uptake in 8 marine areas, enhancing understanding of the impact of global dust emissions on marine deposition and carbon cycle with decreased uncertainty.
Rui Jin, Wei Hu, Peimin Duan, Ming Sheng, Dandan Liu, Ziye Huang, Mutong Niu, Libin Wu, Junjun Deng, and Pingqing Fu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 1805–1829, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1805-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1805-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The metabolic capacity of atmospheric microorganisms after settling into habitats is poorly understood. We studied the molecular composition of exometabolites for cultured typical airborne microbes and traced their metabolic processes. Bacteria and fungi produce highly oxidized exometabolites and have significant variations in metabolism among different strains. These insights are pivotal for assessing the biogeochemical impacts of atmospheric microorganisms following their deposition.
Hongyi Li, Ting Yang, Lars Nerger, Dawei Zhang, Di Zhang, Guigang Tang, Haibo Wang, Yele Sun, Pingqing Fu, Hang Su, and Zifa Wang
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 8495–8519, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-8495-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-8495-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
To accurately characterize the spatiotemporal distribution of particulate matter <2.5 µm chemical components, we developed the Nested Air Quality Prediction Model System with the Parallel Data Assimilation Framework (NAQPMS-PDAF) v2.0 for chemical components with non-Gaussian and nonlinear properties. NAQPMS-PDAF v2.0 has better computing efficiency, excels when used with a small ensemble size, and can significantly improve the simulation performance of chemical components.
Shirui Yan, Yang Chen, Yaliang Hou, Kexin Liu, Xuejing Li, Yuxuan Xing, Dongyou Wu, Jiecan Cui, Yue Zhou, Wei Pu, and Xin Wang
The Cryosphere, 18, 4089–4109, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-4089-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-4089-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The snow cover over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) plays a role in climate and hydrological systems, yet there are uncertainties in snow cover fraction (SCF) estimations within reanalysis datasets. This study utilized the Snow Property Inversion from Remote Sensing (SPIReS) SCF data to assess the accuracy of eight widely used reanalysis SCF datasets over the TP. Factors contributing to uncertainties were analyzed, and a combined averaging method was employed to provide optimized SCF simulations.
Zhichao Dong, Chandra Mouli Pavuluri, Peisen Li, Zhanjie Xu, Junjun Deng, Xueyan Zhao, Xiaomai Zhao, Pingqing Fu, and Cong-Qiang Liu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 5887–5905, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5887-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5887-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Comprehensive study of optical properties of brown carbon (BrC) in fine aerosols from Tianjin, China, implied that biological emissions are major sources of BrC in summer, whereas fossil fuel combustion and biomass burning emissions are in cold periods. The direct radiation absorption caused by BrC in short wavelengths contributed about 40 % to that caused by BrC in 300–700 nm. Water-insoluble but methanol-soluble BrC contains more protein-like chromophores (PLOM) than that of water-soluble BrC.
Yuxuan Xing, Yang Chen, Shirui Yan, Xiaoyi Cao, Yong Zhou, Xueying Zhang, Tenglong Shi, Xiaoying Niu, Dongyou Wu, Jiecan Cui, Yue Zhou, Xin Wang, and Wei Pu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 5199–5219, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5199-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5199-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigated the impact of dust storms from the Taklamakan Desert on surrounding high mountains and regional radiation balance. Using satellite data and simulations, researchers found that dust storms significantly darken the snow surface in the Tien Shan, Kunlun, and Qilian mountains, reaching mountains up to 1000 km away. This darkening occurs not only in spring but also during summer and autumn, leading to increased absorption of solar radiation.
Jiawei Li, Zhiwei Han, Pingqing Fu, Xiaohong Yao, and Mingjie Liang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3129–3161, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3129-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3129-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Organic aerosols of marine origin are important for aerosol climatic effects but are poorly understood. For the first time, an online coupled regional chemistry–climate model is applied to explore the characteristics of emission, distribution, and direct and indirect radiative effects of marine organic aerosols over the western Pacific, which reveals an important role of marine organic aerosols in perturbing cloud and radiation and promotes understanding of global aerosol climatic impact.
Mutong Niu, Shu Huang, Wei Hu, Yajie Wang, Wanyun Xu, Wan Wei, Qiang Zhang, Zihan Wang, Donghuan Zhang, Rui Jin, Libin Wu, Junjun Deng, Fangxia Shen, and Pingqing Fu
Biogeosciences, 20, 4915–4930, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4915-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4915-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Sugar compounds in air can trace the source of bioaerosols that affect public health and climate. In rural north China, we observed increased fungal activity at night and less variable bacterial community diversity. Certain night-increasing sugar compounds were more closely related to fungi than bacteria. The fungal community greatly influenced sugar compounds, while bacteria played a limited role. Caution is advised when using sugar compounds to trace airborne microbes, particularly bacteria.
Lehui Cui, Yunting Xiao, Wei Hu, Lei Song, Yujue Wang, Chao Zhang, Pingqing Fu, and Jialei Zhu
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 5403–5425, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5403-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5403-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Isoprene is a crucial non-methane biogenic volatile organic compound with the largest global emissions, which has high chemical reactivity and serves as the primary source of natural secondary organic aerosols. This study built a module to present a 20-year global hourly dataset of marine phytoplankton-generated biological and photochemistry-generated isoprene emissions in the sea microlayers based on the latest advancements in biological, physical, and chemical processes.
Jingjing Meng, Yachen Wang, Yuanyuan Li, Tonglin Huang, Zhifei Wang, Yiqiu Wang, Min Chen, Zhanfang Hou, Houhua Zhou, Keding Lu, Kimitaka Kawamura, and Pingqing Fu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14481–14503, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14481-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14481-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigated the effect of COVID-19 lockdown (LCD) measures on the formation and evolutionary process of diacids and related compounds from field observations. Results demonstrate that more aged organic aerosols are observed during the LCD due to the enhanced photochemical oxidation. Our study also found that the reactivity of 13C was higher than that of 12C in the gaseous photochemical oxidation, leading to higher δ13C values of C2 during the LCD than before the LCD.
Li Wu, Hyo-Jin Eom, Hanjin Yoo, Dhrubajyoti Gupta, Hye-Rin Cho, Pingqing Fu, and Chul-Un Ro
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 12571–12588, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12571-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12571-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Hygroscopicity of ambient marine aerosols is of critical relevance to investigate their atmospheric impacts, which, however, remain uncertain due to their complex compositions and mixing states. Therefore, a study on the hygroscopic behavior of ambient marine aerosols for understanding the phase states when interacting with water vapor at different RH levels and their subsequent impacts on the heterogeneous chemical reactions, atmospheric environment, and human health is of vital importance.
Qi Yuan, Yuanyuan Wang, Yixin Chen, Siyao Yue, Jian Zhang, Yinxiao Zhang, Liang Xu, Wei Hu, Dantong Liu, Pingqing Fu, Huiwang Gao, and Weijun Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9385–9399, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9385-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9385-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study for the first time found large amounts of liquid–liquid phase separation particles with soot redistributing in organic coatings instead of sulfate cores in the eastern Tibetan Plateau atmosphere. The particle size and the ratio of the organic matter coating thickness to soot size are two of the major possible factors that likely affect the soot redistribution process. The soot redistribution process promoted the morphological compaction of soot particles.
Dandan Liu, Yun Zhang, Shujun Zhong, Shuang Chen, Qiaorong Xie, Donghuan Zhang, Qiang Zhang, Wei Hu, Junjun Deng, Libin Wu, Chao Ma, Haijie Tong, and Pingqing Fu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8383–8402, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8383-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8383-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Based on ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis, we found that β-pinene oxidation-derived highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs) exhibit higher yield at high ozone concentration, while limonene oxidation-derived HOMs exhibit higher yield at moderate ozone concentration. The distinct molecular response of HOMs and low-volatile species in different biogenic secondary organic aerosols to ozone concentrations provides a new clue for more accurate air quality prediction and management.
Lei Kong, Xiao Tang, Jiang Zhu, Zifa Wang, Yele Sun, Pingqing Fu, Meng Gao, Huangjian Wu, Miaomiao Lu, Qian Wu, Shuyuan Huang, Wenxuan Sui, Jie Li, Xiaole Pan, Lin Wu, Hajime Akimoto, and Gregory R. Carmichael
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 6217–6240, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6217-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6217-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
A multi-air-pollutant inversion system has been developed in this study to estimate emission changes in China during COVID-19 lockdown. The results demonstrate that the lockdown is largely a nationwide road traffic control measure with NOx emissions decreasing by ~40 %. Emissions of other species only decreased by ~10 % due to smaller effects of lockdown on other sectors. Assessment results further indicate that the lockdown only had limited effects on the control of PM2.5 and O3 in China.
Joanna E. Dyson, Lisa K. Whalley, Eloise J. Slater, Robert Woodward-Massey, Chunxiang Ye, James D. Lee, Freya Squires, James R. Hopkins, Rachel E. Dunmore, Marvin Shaw, Jacqueline F. Hamilton, Alastair C. Lewis, Stephen D. Worrall, Asan Bacak, Archit Mehra, Thomas J. Bannan, Hugh Coe, Carl J. Percival, Bin Ouyang, C. Nicholas Hewitt, Roderic L. Jones, Leigh R. Crilley, Louisa J. Kramer, W. Joe F. Acton, William J. Bloss, Supattarachai Saksakulkrai, Jingsha Xu, Zongbo Shi, Roy M. Harrison, Simone Kotthaus, Sue Grimmond, Yele Sun, Weiqi Xu, Siyao Yue, Lianfang Wei, Pingqing Fu, Xinming Wang, Stephen R. Arnold, and Dwayne E. Heard
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 5679–5697, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5679-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5679-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The hydroxyl (OH) and closely coupled hydroperoxyl (HO2) radicals are vital for their role in the removal of atmospheric pollutants. In less polluted regions, atmospheric models over-predict HO2 concentrations. In this modelling study, the impact of heterogeneous uptake of HO2 onto aerosol surfaces on radical concentrations and the ozone production regime in Beijing in the summertime is investigated, and the implications for emissions policies across China are considered.
Zhichao Dong, Chandra Mouli Pavuluri, Zhanjie Xu, Yu Wang, Peisen Li, Pingqing Fu, and Cong-Qiang Liu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 2119–2143, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2119-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2119-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study has provided comprehensive baseline data of carbonaceous and inorganic aerosols as well as their isotope ratios in the Tianjin region, North China, found that Tianjin aerosols were derived from coal combustion, biomass burning and photochemical reactions of VOCs, and also implied that the Tianjin aerosols were more aged during long-range atmospheric transport in summer via carbonaceous and isotope data analysis.
Shujun Zhong, Shuang Chen, Junjun Deng, Yanbing Fan, Qiang Zhang, Qiaorong Xie, Yulin Qi, Wei Hu, Libin Wu, Xiaodong Li, Chandra Mouli Pavuluri, Jialei Zhu, Xin Wang, Di Liu, Xiaole Pan, Yele Sun, Zifa Wang, Yisheng Xu, Haijie Tong, Hang Su, Yafang Cheng, Kimitaka Kawamura, and Pingqing Fu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 2061–2077, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2061-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2061-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigated the role of the secondary organic aerosol (SOA) loading on the molecular composition of wintertime urban aerosols by ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry. Results demonstrate that the SOA loading is an important factor associated with the oxidation degree, nitrate group content, and chemodiversity of nitrooxy–organosulfates. Our study also found that the hydrolysis of nitrooxy–organosulfates is a possible pathway for the formation of organosulfates.
Zhiqiang Zhang, Yele Sun, Chun Chen, Bo You, Aodong Du, Weiqi Xu, Yan Li, Zhijie Li, Lu Lei, Wei Zhou, Jiaxing Sun, Yanmei Qiu, Lianfang Wei, Pingqing Fu, and Zifa Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 10409–10423, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10409-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10409-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We present a comprehensive characterization of water-soluble organic aerosol and the first mass spectral characterization of water-insoluble organic aerosol in the cold season in Beijing by integrating online and offline aerosol mass spectrometer measurements. WSOA comprised dominantly secondary OA and showed large changes during the transition season from autumn to winter. WIOA was characterized by prominent hydrocarbon ions series, low oxidation states, and significant day–night differences.
Jiaxing Sun, Yele Sun, Conghui Xie, Weiqi Xu, Chun Chen, Zhe Wang, Lei Li, Xubing Du, Fugui Huang, Yan Li, Zhijie Li, Xiaole Pan, Nan Ma, Wanyun Xu, Pingqing Fu, and Zifa Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 7619–7630, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7619-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7619-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We analyzed the chemical composition and mixing state of BC-containing particles at urban and rural sites in winter in the North China Plain and evaluated their impact on light absorption enhancement. BC was dominantly mixed with organic carbon, nitrate, and sulfate, and the mixing state evolved significantly as a function of relative humidity (RH) at both sites. The absorption enhancement depended strongly on coated secondary inorganic aerosol and was up to ~1.3–1.4 during aging processes.
Junjun Deng, Hao Ma, Xinfeng Wang, Shujun Zhong, Zhimin Zhang, Jialei Zhu, Yanbing Fan, Wei Hu, Libin Wu, Xiaodong Li, Lujie Ren, Chandra Mouli Pavuluri, Xiaole Pan, Yele Sun, Zifa Wang, Kimitaka Kawamura, and Pingqing Fu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 6449–6470, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6449-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6449-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Light-absorbing brown carbon (BrC) plays an important role in climate change and atmospheric chemistry. Here we investigated the seasonal and diurnal variations in water-soluble BrC in PM2.5 in the megacity Tianjin in coastal China. Results of the source apportionments from the combination with organic molecular compositions and optical properties of water-soluble BrC reveal a large contribution from primary bioaerosol particles to BrC in the urban atmosphere.
Yanhong Zhu, Weijun Li, Yue Wang, Jian Zhang, Lei Liu, Liang Xu, Jingsha Xu, Jinhui Shi, Longyi Shao, Pingqing Fu, Daizhou Zhang, and Zongbo Shi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 2191–2202, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2191-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2191-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The solubilities of iron in fine particles in a megacity in Eastern China were studied under haze, fog, dust, clear, and rain weather conditions. For the first time, a receptor model was used to quantify the sources of dissolved and total iron aerosol. Microscopic analysis further confirmed the aging of iron aerosol during haze and fog conditions that facilitated dissolution of insoluble iron.
Yaqing Zhou, Nan Ma, Qiaoqiao Wang, Zhibin Wang, Chunrong Chen, Jiangchuan Tao, Juan Hong, Long Peng, Yao He, Linhong Xie, Shaowen Zhu, Yuxuan Zhang, Guo Li, Wanyun Xu, Peng Cheng, Uwe Kuhn, Guangsheng Zhou, Pingqing Fu, Qiang Zhang, Hang Su, and Yafang Cheng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 2029–2047, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2029-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2029-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study characterizes size-resolved particle effective densities and their evolution associated with emissions and aging processes in a rural area of the North China Plain. Particle effective density exhibits a high-frequency bimodal distribution, and two density modes exhibit opposite trends with increasing particle size. SIA and BC mass fractions are key factors of particle effective density, and a value of 0.6 g cm−3 is appropriate to represent BC effective density in bulk particles.
Jiaxing Sun, Zhe Wang, Wei Zhou, Conghui Xie, Cheng Wu, Chun Chen, Tingting Han, Qingqing Wang, Zhijie Li, Jie Li, Pingqing Fu, Zifa Wang, and Yele Sun
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 561–575, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-561-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-561-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We analyzed 9-year measurements of BC and aerosol optical properties from 2012 to 2020 in Beijing, China. Our results showed large reductions in BC and light extinction coefficient due to the Clean Air Action Plan. As a response, both SSA and mass extinction efficiency (MEE) showed considerable increases, demonstrating a future challenge in visibility improvement. The primary and secondary BrC was also separated and quantified, and the changes in radiative forcing of BC and BrC were estimated.
Yuting Zhang, Hang Liu, Shandong Lei, Wanyun Xu, Yu Tian, Weijie Yao, Xiaoyong Liu, Qi Liao, Jie Li, Chun Chen, Yele Sun, Pingqing Fu, Jinyuan Xin, Junji Cao, Xiaole Pan, and Zifa Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 17631–17648, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17631-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17631-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, the authors used a single-particle soot photometer (SP2) to characterize the particle size, mixing state, and optical properties of black carbon aerosols in rural areas of the North China Plain in winter. Relatively warm and high-RH environments (RH > 50 %, −4° < T < 4 °) were more favorable to rBC aging than dry and cold environments (RH < 60 %, T < −8°). The paper emphasizes the importance of meteorological parameters in the mixing state of black carbon.
Deepchandra Srivastava, Jingsha Xu, Tuan V. Vu, Di Liu, Linjie Li, Pingqing Fu, Siqi Hou, Natalia Moreno Palmerola, Zongbo Shi, and Roy M. Harrison
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 14703–14724, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14703-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14703-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents the source apportionment of PM2.5 performed by positive matrix factorization (PMF) at urban and rural sites in Beijing. These factors are interpreted as traffic emissions, biomass burning, road and soil dust, coal and oil combustion, and secondary inorganics. PMF failed to resolve some sources identified by CMB and AMS and appears to overestimate the dust sources. Comparison with earlier PMF studies from the Beijing area highlights inconsistent findings using this method.
Michael Biggart, Jenny Stocker, Ruth M. Doherty, Oliver Wild, David Carruthers, Sue Grimmond, Yiqun Han, Pingqing Fu, and Simone Kotthaus
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 13687–13711, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13687-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13687-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Heat-related illnesses are of increasing concern in China given its rapid urbanisation and our ever-warming climate. We examine the relative impacts that land surface properties and anthropogenic heat have on the urban heat island (UHI) in Beijing using ADMS-Urban. Air temperature measurements and satellite-derived land surface temperatures provide valuable means of evaluating modelled spatiotemporal variations. This work provides critical information for urban planners and UHI mitigation.
Hong Ren, Wei Hu, Lianfang Wei, Siyao Yue, Jian Zhao, Linjie Li, Libin Wu, Wanyu Zhao, Lujie Ren, Mingjie Kang, Qiaorong Xie, Sihui Su, Xiaole Pan, Zifa Wang, Yele Sun, Kimitaka Kawamura, and Pingqing Fu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 12949–12963, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-12949-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-12949-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents vertical profiles of biogenic and anthropogenic secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) in the urban boundary layer based on a 325 m tower in Beijing in late summer. The increases in the isoprene and toluene SOAs with height were found to be more related to regional transport, whereas the decrease in those from monoterpenes and sesquiterpene were more subject to local emissions. Such complicated vertical distributions of SOA should be considered in future modeling work.
Qiaorong Xie, Sihui Su, Jing Chen, Yuqing Dai, Siyao Yue, Hang Su, Haijie Tong, Wanyu Zhao, Lujie Ren, Yisheng Xu, Dong Cao, Ying Li, Yele Sun, Zifa Wang, Cong-Qiang Liu, Kimitaka Kawamura, Guibin Jiang, Yafang Cheng, and Pingqing Fu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 11453–11465, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11453-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11453-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigated the role of nighttime chemistry during Chinese New Year's Eve that enhances the formation of nitrooxy organosulfates in the aerosol phase. Results show that anthropogenic precursors, together with biogenic ones, considerably contribute to the formation of low-volatility nitrooxy OSs. Our study provides detailed molecular composition of firework-related aerosols, which gives new insights into the physicochemical properties and potential health effects of urban aerosols.
Haijie Tong, Fobang Liu, Alexander Filippi, Jake Wilson, Andrea M. Arangio, Yun Zhang, Siyao Yue, Steven Lelieveld, Fangxia Shen, Helmi-Marja K. Keskinen, Jing Li, Haoxuan Chen, Ting Zhang, Thorsten Hoffmann, Pingqing Fu, William H. Brune, Tuukka Petäjä, Markku Kulmala, Maosheng Yao, Thomas Berkemeier, Manabu Shiraiwa, and Ulrich Pöschl
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 10439–10455, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10439-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10439-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We measured radical yields of aqueous PM2.5 extracts and found lower yields at higher concentrations of PM2.5. Abundances of water-soluble transition metals and aromatics in PM2.5 were positively correlated with the relative fraction of •OH but negatively correlated with the relative fraction of C-centered radicals among detected radicals. Composition-dependent reactive species yields may explain differences in the reactivity and health effects of PM2.5 in clean versus polluted air.
Yue Zhou, Christopher P. West, Anusha P. S. Hettiyadura, Xiaoying Niu, Hui Wen, Jiecan Cui, Tenglong Shi, Wei Pu, Xin Wang, and Alexander Laskin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 8531–8555, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8531-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8531-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We present a comprehensive characterization of water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) in seasonal snow of northwestern China. We applied complementary multimodal analytical techniques to investigate bulk and molecular-level composition, optical properties, and sources of WSOC. For the first time, we estimated the extent of radiative forcing due to WSOC in snow using a model simulation and showed the profound influences of WSOC on the energy budget of midlatitude seasonal snowpack.
Siqi Hou, Di Liu, Jingsha Xu, Tuan V. Vu, Xuefang Wu, Deepchandra Srivastava, Pingqing Fu, Linjie Li, Yele Sun, Athanasia Vlachou, Vaios Moschos, Gary Salazar, Sönke Szidat, André S. H. Prévôt, Roy M. Harrison, and Zongbo Shi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 8273–8292, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8273-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8273-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides a newly developed method which combines radiocarbon (14C) with organic tracers to enable source apportionment of primary and secondary fossil vs. non-fossil sources of carbonaceous aerosols at an urban and a rural site of Beijing. The source apportionment results were compared with those by chemical mass balance and AMS/ACSM-PMF methods. Correlations of WINSOC and WSOC with different sources of OC were also performed to elucidate the formation mechanisms of SOC.
Wei Pu, Tenglong Shi, Jiecan Cui, Yang Chen, Yue Zhou, and Xin Wang
The Cryosphere, 15, 2255–2272, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-2255-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-2255-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We have explicitly resolved optical properties of coated BC in snow for explaining complex enhancement of snow albedo reduction due to coating effect in real environments. The parameterizations are developed for climate models to improve the understanding of BC in snow on global climate. We demonstrated that the contribution of BC coating effect to snow light absorption has exceeded dust over north China and will significantly contribute to the retreat of Arctic sea ice and Tibetan glaciers.
Jingsha Xu, Di Liu, Xuefang Wu, Tuan V. Vu, Yanli Zhang, Pingqing Fu, Yele Sun, Weiqi Xu, Bo Zheng, Roy M. Harrison, and Zongbo Shi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 7321–7341, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7321-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7321-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Source apportionment of fine aerosols in an urban site of Beijing used a chemical mass balance (CMB) model. Seven primary sources (industrial/residential coal burning, biomass burning, gasoline/diesel vehicles, cooking and vegetative detritus) explained an average of 75.7 % and 56.1 % of fine OC in winter and summer, respectively. CMB was found to resolve more primary OA sources than AMS-PMF, but the latter apportioned more secondary OA sources.
Tenglong Shi, Jiecan Cui, Yang Chen, Yue Zhou, Wei Pu, Xuanye Xu, Quanliang Chen, Xuelei Zhang, and Xin Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 6035–6051, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6035-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6035-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We assess the effect of dust external and internal mixing with snow grains on the absorption coefficient and albedo of snowpack. The results suggest that dust–snow internal mixing strongly enhances snow absorption coefficient and albedo reduction relative to external mixing. Meanwhile, the possible non-uniform distribution of dust in snow grains may lead to significantly different values of absorption coefficient and albedo of snowpack in the visible spectral range.
Philippe Massicotte, Rainer M. W. Amon, David Antoine, Philippe Archambault, Sergio Balzano, Simon Bélanger, Ronald Benner, Dominique Boeuf, Annick Bricaud, Flavienne Bruyant, Gwenaëlle Chaillou, Malik Chami, Bruno Charrière, Jing Chen, Hervé Claustre, Pierre Coupel, Nicole Delsaut, David Doxaran, Jens Ehn, Cédric Fichot, Marie-Hélène Forget, Pingqing Fu, Jonathan Gagnon, Nicole Garcia, Beat Gasser, Jean-François Ghiglione, Gaby Gorsky, Michel Gosselin, Priscillia Gourvil, Yves Gratton, Pascal Guillot, Hermann J. Heipieper, Serge Heussner, Stanford B. Hooker, Yannick Huot, Christian Jeanthon, Wade Jeffrey, Fabien Joux, Kimitaka Kawamura, Bruno Lansard, Edouard Leymarie, Heike Link, Connie Lovejoy, Claudie Marec, Dominique Marie, Johannie Martin, Jacobo Martín, Guillaume Massé, Atsushi Matsuoka, Vanessa McKague, Alexandre Mignot, William L. Miller, Juan-Carlos Miquel, Alfonso Mucci, Kaori Ono, Eva Ortega-Retuerta, Christos Panagiotopoulos, Tim Papakyriakou, Marc Picheral, Louis Prieur, Patrick Raimbault, Joséphine Ras, Rick A. Reynolds, André Rochon, Jean-François Rontani, Catherine Schmechtig, Sabine Schmidt, Richard Sempéré, Yuan Shen, Guisheng Song, Dariusz Stramski, Eri Tachibana, Alexandre Thirouard, Imma Tolosa, Jean-Éric Tremblay, Mickael Vaïtilingom, Daniel Vaulot, Frédéric Vaultier, John K. Volkman, Huixiang Xie, Guangming Zheng, and Marcel Babin
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 1561–1592, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1561-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1561-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The MALINA oceanographic expedition was conducted in the Mackenzie River and the Beaufort Sea systems. The sampling was performed across seven shelf–basin transects to capture the meridional gradient between the estuary and the open ocean. The main goal of this research program was to better understand how processes such as primary production are influencing the fate of organic matter originating from the surrounding terrestrial landscape during its transition toward the Arctic Ocean.
Steven J. Campbell, Kate Wolfer, Battist Utinger, Joe Westwood, Zhi-Hui Zhang, Nicolas Bukowiecki, Sarah S. Steimer, Tuan V. Vu, Jingsha Xu, Nicholas Straw, Steven Thomson, Atallah Elzein, Yele Sun, Di Liu, Linjie Li, Pingqing Fu, Alastair C. Lewis, Roy M. Harrison, William J. Bloss, Miranda Loh, Mark R. Miller, Zongbo Shi, and Markus Kalberer
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 5549–5573, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5549-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5549-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we quantify PM2.5 oxidative potential (OP), a metric widely suggested as a potential measure of particle toxicity, in Beijing in summer and winter using four acellular assays. We correlate PM2.5 OP with a comprehensive range of atmospheric and particle composition measurements, demonstrating inter-assay differences and seasonal variation of PM2.5 OP. Using multivariate statistical analysis, we highlight specific particle chemical components and sources that influence OP.
Weiqi Xu, Chun Chen, Yanmei Qiu, Ying Li, Zhiqiang Zhang, Eleni Karnezi, Spyros N. Pandis, Conghui Xie, Zhijie Li, Jiaxing Sun, Nan Ma, Wanyun Xu, Pingqing Fu, Zifa Wang, Jiang Zhu, Douglas R. Worsnop, Nga Lee Ng, and Yele Sun
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 5463–5476, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5463-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5463-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Here aerosol volatility and viscosity at a rural site (Gucheng) and an urban site (Beijing) in the North China Plain (NCP) were investigated in summer and winter. Our results showed that organic aerosol (OA) in winter in the NCP is more volatile than that in summer due to enhanced primary emissions from coal combustion and biomass burning. We also found that OA existed mainly as a solid in winter in Beijing but as semisolids in Beijing in summer and Gucheng in winter.
Santosh Kumar Verma, Kimitaka Kawamura, Fei Yang, Pingqing Fu, Yugo Kanaya, and Zifa Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 4959–4978, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-4959-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-4959-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We studied aerosol samples collected in autumn 2007 with day and night intervals in a rural site of Mangshan, north of Beijing, for sugar compounds (SCs) that are abundant organic aerosol components and can influence the air quality and climate. We found higher concentrations of biomass burning (BB) products at nighttime than daytime, whereas pollen tracers and other SCs showed an opposite diurnal trend, because this site is meteorologically characterized by a mountain/valley breeze.
Lei Liu, Jian Zhang, Yinxiao Zhang, Yuanyuan Wang, Liang Xu, Qi Yuan, Dantong Liu, Yele Sun, Pingqing Fu, Zongbo Shi, and Weijun Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 2251–2265, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2251-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2251-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We found that large numbers of light-absorbing primary organic particles with high viscosity, especially tarballs, from domestic coal and biomass burning occurred in rural and even urban hazes in the winter of North China. For the first time, we characterized the atmospheric aging process of these burning-related primary organic particles by microscopic analysis and further evaluated their light absorption enhancement resulting from the “lensing effect” of secondary inorganic coatings.
Lisa K. Whalley, Eloise J. Slater, Robert Woodward-Massey, Chunxiang Ye, James D. Lee, Freya Squires, James R. Hopkins, Rachel E. Dunmore, Marvin Shaw, Jacqueline F. Hamilton, Alastair C. Lewis, Archit Mehra, Stephen D. Worrall, Asan Bacak, Thomas J. Bannan, Hugh Coe, Carl J. Percival, Bin Ouyang, Roderic L. Jones, Leigh R. Crilley, Louisa J. Kramer, William J. Bloss, Tuan Vu, Simone Kotthaus, Sue Grimmond, Yele Sun, Weiqi Xu, Siyao Yue, Lujie Ren, W. Joe F. Acton, C. Nicholas Hewitt, Xinming Wang, Pingqing Fu, and Dwayne E. Heard
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 2125–2147, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2125-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2125-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
To understand how emission controls will impact ozone, an understanding of the sources and sinks of OH and the chemical cycling between peroxy radicals is needed. This paper presents measurements of OH, HO2 and total RO2 taken in central Beijing. The radical observations are compared to a detailed chemistry model, which shows that under low NO conditions, there is a missing OH source. Under high NOx conditions, the model under-predicts RO2 and impacts our ability to model ozone.
Jiecan Cui, Tenglong Shi, Yue Zhou, Dongyou Wu, Xin Wang, and Wei Pu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 269–288, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-269-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-269-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We make the first quantitative, remote-sensing-based, and hemisphere-scale assessment of radiative forcing (RF) due to light-absorbing particles (LAPs) in snow. We observed significant spatial variations in snow albedo reduction and RF due to LAPs throughout the Northern Hemisphere, with the lowest values occurring in the Arctic and the highest in northeastern China. We determined that the LAPs in snow play a critical role in spatial variability in Northern Hemisphere albedo reduction and RF.
Rutambhara Joshi, Dantong Liu, Eiko Nemitz, Ben Langford, Neil Mullinger, Freya Squires, James Lee, Yunfei Wu, Xiaole Pan, Pingqing Fu, Simone Kotthaus, Sue Grimmond, Qiang Zhang, Ruili Wu, Oliver Wild, Michael Flynn, Hugh Coe, and James Allan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 147–162, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-147-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-147-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Black carbon (BC) is a component of particulate matter which has significant effects on climate and human health. Sources of BC include biomass burning, transport, industry and domestic cooking and heating. In this study, we measured BC emissions in Beijing, finding a dominance of traffic emissions over all other sources. The quantitative method presented here has benefits for revising widely used emissions inventories and for understanding BC sources with impacts on air quality and climate.
W. Joe F. Acton, Zhonghui Huang, Brian Davison, Will S. Drysdale, Pingqing Fu, Michael Hollaway, Ben Langford, James Lee, Yanhui Liu, Stefan Metzger, Neil Mullinger, Eiko Nemitz, Claire E. Reeves, Freya A. Squires, Adam R. Vaughan, Xinming Wang, Zhaoyi Wang, Oliver Wild, Qiang Zhang, Yanli Zhang, and C. Nicholas Hewitt
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 15101–15125, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-15101-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-15101-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Air quality in Beijing is of concern to both policy makers and the general public. In order to address concerns about air quality it is vital that the sources of atmospheric pollutants are understood. This work presents the first top-down measurement of volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions in Beijing. These measurements are used to evaluate the emissions inventory and assess the impact of VOC emission from the city centre on atmospheric chemistry.
Eloise J. Slater, Lisa K. Whalley, Robert Woodward-Massey, Chunxiang Ye, James D. Lee, Freya Squires, James R. Hopkins, Rachel E. Dunmore, Marvin Shaw, Jacqueline F. Hamilton, Alastair C. Lewis, Leigh R. Crilley, Louisa Kramer, William Bloss, Tuan Vu, Yele Sun, Weiqi Xu, Siyao Yue, Lujie Ren, W. Joe F. Acton, C. Nicholas Hewitt, Xinming Wang, Pingqing Fu, and Dwayne E. Heard
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 14847–14871, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-14847-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-14847-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The paper details atmospheric chemistry in a megacity (Beijing), focussing on radicals which mediate the formation of secondary pollutants such as ozone and particles. Highly polluted conditions were experienced, including the highest ever levels of nitric oxide (NO), with simultaneous radical measurements. Radical concentrations were large during "haze" events, demonstrating active photochemistry. Modelling showed that our understanding of the chemistry at high NOx levels is incomplete.
Junjun Deng, Hao Guo, Hongliang Zhang, Jialei Zhu, Xin Wang, and Pingqing Fu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 14419–14435, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-14419-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-14419-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
One-year source apportionment of BC aerosols in a coastal city in China was conducted with the light-absorption observation-based method and source-oriented model. Source contributions identified by the two source apportionment methods were compared. Temporal variability, potential sources and transport pathways of BC from fossil fuel and biomass burning were characterized. Significant influence of biomass burning in North and East–Central China on BC in the region was highlighted.
Jingsha Xu, Shaojie Song, Roy M. Harrison, Congbo Song, Lianfang Wei, Qiang Zhang, Yele Sun, Lu Lei, Chao Zhang, Xiaohong Yao, Dihui Chen, Weijun Li, Miaomiao Wu, Hezhong Tian, Lining Luo, Shengrui Tong, Weiran Li, Junling Wang, Guoliang Shi, Yanqi Huangfu, Yingze Tian, Baozhu Ge, Shaoli Su, Chao Peng, Yang Chen, Fumo Yang, Aleksandra Mihajlidi-Zelić, Dragana Đorđević, Stefan J. Swift, Imogen Andrews, Jacqueline F. Hamilton, Ye Sun, Agung Kramawijaya, Jinxiu Han, Supattarachai Saksakulkrai, Clarissa Baldo, Siqi Hou, Feixue Zheng, Kaspar R. Daellenbach, Chao Yan, Yongchun Liu, Markku Kulmala, Pingqing Fu, and Zongbo Shi
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 6325–6341, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-6325-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-6325-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
An interlaboratory comparison was conducted for the first time to examine differences in water-soluble inorganic ions (WSIIs) measured by 10 labs using ion chromatography (IC) and by two online aerosol chemical speciation monitor (ACSM) methods. Major ions including SO42−, NO3− and NH4+ agreed well in 10 IC labs and correlated well with ACSM data. WSII interlab variability strongly affected aerosol acidity results based on ion balance, but aerosol pH computed by ISORROPIA II was very similar.
Junfeng Wang, Jianhuai Ye, Dantong Liu, Yangzhou Wu, Jian Zhao, Weiqi Xu, Conghui Xie, Fuzhen Shen, Jie Zhang, Paul E. Ohno, Yiming Qin, Xiuyong Zhao, Scot T. Martin, Alex K. Y. Lee, Pingqing Fu, Daniel J. Jacob, Qi Zhang, Yele Sun, Mindong Chen, and Xinlei Ge
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 14091–14102, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-14091-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-14091-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We compared the organics in total submicron matter and those coated on BC cores during summertime in Beijing and found large differences between them. Traffic-related OA was associated significantly with BC, while cooking-related OA did not coat BC. In addition, a factor likely originated from primary biomass burning OA was only identified in BC-containing particles. Such a unique BBOA requires further field and laboratory studies to verify its presence and elucidate its properties and impacts.
Jiawei Li, Zhiwei Han, Pingqing Fu, and Xiaohong Yao
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2020-1016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2020-1016, 2020
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
Organic aerosols of marine origin are so far poorly understood. An on-line coupled regional chemistry-climate model is developed to firstly explore and characterize the seasonality and annual feature of emission, distribution and radiative effects of marine organic aerosols specifically for the western Pacific over East Asia. This study reveals an important role of marine organic aerosols in radiation and cloud and would be valuable for climate research at both regional and global scales.
Wei Hu, Kotaro Murata, Chunlan Fan, Shu Huang, Hiromi Matsusaki, Pingqing Fu, and Daizhou Zhang
Biogeosciences, 17, 4477–4487, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4477-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4477-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This paper reports the first estimate of the status of bacteria in long-distance-transported Asian dust, demonstrating that airborne dust, which can carry viable and nonviable bacteria on particle surfaces, is an efficient medium for constantly spreading bacteria at regional and even global scales. Such data are essential to better model and understand the roles and activities of bioaerosols in environmental evolution and climate change and the potential risks of bioaerosols to human health.
Wanyu Zhao, Hong Ren, Kimitaka Kawamura, Huiyun Du, Xueshun Chen, Siyao Yue, Qiaorong Xie, Lianfang Wei, Ping Li, Xin Zeng, Shaofei Kong, Yele Sun, Zifa Wang, and Pingqing Fu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 10331–10350, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-10331-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-10331-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Our observations provide detailed information on the abundance and vertical distribution of dicarboxylic acids, oxoacids and α-dicarbonyls in PM2.5 collected at three heights based on a 325 m meteorological tower in Beijing in summer. Our results demonstrate that organic acids at the ground surface are largely associated with local traffic emissions, while long-range atmospheric transport followed by photochemical ageing contributes more in the urban boundary layer than the ground surface.
Cited articles
Anastasio, C. and Robles, T.: Light absorption by soluble chemical species
in Arctic and Antarctic snow, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D24304,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD008695, 2007.
Andreae, M. O. and Gelencsér, A.: Black carbon or brown carbon? The nature of light-absorbing carbonaceous aerosols, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 3131–3148, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-3131-2006, 2006.
Antony, R., Grannas, A. M., Willoughby, A. S., Sleighter, R. L., Thamban,
M., and Hatcher, P. G.: Origin and Sources of Dissolved Organic Matter in
Snow on the East Antarctic Ice Sheet, Environ. Sci. Technol., 48,
6151–6159, https://doi.org/10.1021/es405246a, 2014.
Bahram, M., Bro, R., Stedmon, C., and Afkhami, A.: Handling of Rayleigh and
Raman scatter for PARAFAC modeling of fluorescence data using interpolation,
J. Chemom., 20, 99–105, https://doi.org/10.1002/cem.978, 2006.
Barnett, T. P., Pierce, D. W., Hidalgo, H. G., Bonfils, C., Santer, B. D.,
Das, T., Bala, G., Wood, A. W., Nozawa, T., Mirin, A. A., Cayan, D. R., and
Dettinger, M. D.: Human-Induced Changes in the Hydrology of the Western
United States, Science, 319, 1080–1083,
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1152538, 2008.
Barrett, T. E. and Sheesley, R. J.: Year-round optical properties and source
characterization of Arctic organic carbon aerosols on the North Slope
Alaska, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 122, 9319–9331,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JD026194, 2017.
Beine, H., Anastasio, C., Esposito, G., Patten, K., Wilkening, E., Domine,
F., Voisin, D., Barret, M., Houdier, S., and Hall, S.: Soluble,
light-absorbing species in snow at Barrow, Alaska, J. Geophys. Res., 116,
D00R05, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD016181, 2011.
Beniston, M., Farinotti, D., Stoffel, M., Andreassen, L. M., Coppola, E., Eckert, N., Fantini, A., Giacona, F., Hauck, C., Huss, M., Huwald, H., Lehning, M., López-Moreno, J.-I., Magnusson, J., Marty, C., Morán-Tejéda, E., Morin, S., Naaim, M., Provenzale, A., Rabatel, A., Six, D., Stötter, J., Strasser, U., Terzago, S., and Vincent, C.: The European mountain cryosphere: a review of its current state, trends, and future challenges, The Cryosphere, 12, 759–794, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-759-2018, 2018.
Beres, N. D., Sengupta, D., Samburova, V., Khlystov, A. Y., and Moosmüller, H.: Deposition of brown carbon onto snow: changes in snow optical and radiative properties, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 6095–6114, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-6095-2020, 2020.
Birdwell, J. E. and Engel, A. S.: Characterization of dissolved organic
matter in cave and spring waters using UV-Vis absorbance and fluorescence
spectroscopy, Org. Geochem., 41, 270–280,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2009.11.002, 2010.
Birdwell, J. E. and Valsaraj, K. T.: Characterization of dissolved organic
matter in fogwater by excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy,
Atmos. Environ., 44, 3246–3253,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.05.055, 2010.
Bond, T. C., Doherty, S. J., Fahey, D. W., Forster, P. M., Berntsen, T.,
DeAngelo, B. J., Flanner, M. G., Ghan, S., Kärcher, B., Koch, D., Kinne,
S., Kondo, Y., Quinn, P. K., Sarofim, M. C., Schultz, M. G., Schulz, M.,
Venkataraman, C., Zhang, H., Zhang, S., Bellouin, N., Guttikunda, S. K.,
Hopke, P. K., Jacobson, M. Z., Kaiser, J. W., Klimont, Z., Lohmann, U.,
Schwarz, J. P., Shindell, D., Storelvmo, T., Warren, S. G., and Zender, C.
S.: Bounding the role of black carbon in the climate system: A scientific
assessment, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 118, 5380–5552,
https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50171, 2013.
Browne, E. C., Zhang, X., Franklin, J. P., Ridley, K. J., Kirchstetter, T.
W., Wilson, K. R., Cappa, C. D., and Kroll, J. H.: Effect of heterogeneous
oxidative aging on light absorption by biomass burning organic aerosol,
Aerosol Sci. Tech., 53, 663–674,
https://doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2019.1599321, 2019.
Cao, L., Bala, G., Zheng, M., and Caldeira, K.: Fast and slow climate
responses to CO2 and solar forcing: A linear multivariate regression
model characterizing transient climate change, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 120,
12037–12053, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JD023901, 2015.
Chakrabarty, R. K., Moosmüller, H., Chen, L.-W. A., Lewis, K., Arnott, W. P., Mazzoleni, C., Dubey, M. K., Wold, C. E., Hao, W. M., and Kreidenweis, S. M.: Brown carbon in tar balls from smoldering biomass combustion, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 6363–6370, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-6363-2010, 2010.
Chen, Q., Miyazaki, Y., Kawamura, K., Matsumoto, K., Coburn, S., Volkamer,
R., Iwamoto, Y., Kagami, S., Deng, Y., Ogawa, S., Ramasamy, S., Kato, S.,
Ida, A., Kajii, Y., and Mochida, M.: Characterization of Chromophoric
Water-Soluble Organic Matter in Urban, Forest, and Marine Aerosols by
HR-ToF-AMS Analysis and Excitation-Emission Matrix Spectroscopy, Environ.
Sci. Technol., 50, 10351–10360, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b01643,
2016.
Chen, Q., Wang, M., Wang, Y., Zhang, L., Li, Y., and Han, Y.: Oxidative
Potential of Water-Soluble Matter Associated with Chromophoric Substances in
PM2.5 over Xi'an, China, Environ. Sci. Technol., 53, 8574–8584,
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b01976, 2019a.
Chen, Q., Mu, Z., Song, W., Wang, Y., Yang, Z., Zhang, L., and Zhang, Y.:
Size-Resolved Characterization of the Chromophores in Atmospheric
Particulate Matter From a Typical Coal-Burning City in China, J. Geophys.
Res.-Atmos., 124, 10546–10563, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD031149,
2019b.
Choi, Y., Kanaya, Y., Park, S.-M., Matsuki, A., Sadanaga, Y., Kim, S.-W., Uno, I., Pan, X., Lee, M., Kim, H., and Jung, D. H.: Regional variability in black carbon and carbon monoxide ratio from long-term observations over East Asia: assessment of representativeness for black carbon (BC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emission inventories, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 83–98, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-83-2020, 2020.
Coble, P. G.: Characterization of marine and terrestrial DOM in seawater
using excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy, Mar. Chem., 51, 325–346,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4203(95)00062-3, 1996.
Coble, P. G., Green, S. A., Blough, N. V., and Gagosian, R. B.:
Characterization of dissolved organic matter in the Black Sea by
fluorescence spectroscopy, Nature, 348, 432–435,
https://doi.org/10.1038/348432a0, 1990.
Coble, P. G., Del Castillo, C. E., and Avril, B.: Distribution and optical
properties of CDOM in the Arabian Sea during the 1995 Southwest Monsoon,
Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 45, 2195–2223,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(98)00068-X, 1998.
Cui, J., Shi, T., Zhou, Y., Wu, D., Wang, X., and Pu, W.: Satellite-based radiative forcing by light-absorbing particles in snow across the Northern Hemisphere, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 269–288, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-269-2021, 2021.
Dang, C., Warren, S. G., Fu, Q., Doherty, S. J., Sturm, M., and Su, J.:
Measurements of light-absorbing particles in snow across the Arctic, North
America, and China: Effects on surface albedo, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 122,
10149–10168, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JD027070, 2017.
Di Mauro, B.: A darker cryosphere in a warming world, Nat. Clim. Chang., 10,
978–979, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-020-0896-8, 2020.
Di Mauro, B., Fava, F., Ferrero, L., Garzonio, R., Baccolo, G., Delmonte,
B., and Colombo, R.: Mineral dust impact on snow radiative properties in the
European Alps combining ground, UAV, and satellite observations, J. Geophys.
Res.-Atmos., 120, 6080–6097, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JD023287, 2015.
Doherty, S. J., Warren, S. G., Grenfell, T. C., Clarke, A. D., and Brandt, R. E.: Light-absorbing impurities in Arctic snow, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 11647–11680, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-11647-2010, 2010.
Doherty, S. J., Dang, C., Hegg, D. A., Zhang, R., and Warren, S. G.: Black
carbon and other light-absorbing particles in snow of central North America:
Black carbon in North American snow, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 119,
12807–12831, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JD022350, 2014.
Domine, F.: Air-Snow Interactions and Atmospheric Chemistry, Science, 297,
1506–1510, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1074610, 2002.
D'Sa, E. J., Goes, J. I., Gomes, H., and Mouw, C.: Absorption and fluorescence properties of chromophoric dissolved organic matter of the eastern Bering Sea in the summer with special reference to the influence of a cold pool, Biogeosciences, 11, 3225–3244, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-3225-2014, 2014.
Dumont, M., Brun, E., Picard, G., Michou, M., Libois, Q., Petit, J.-R.,
Geyer, M., Morin, S., and Josse, B.: Contribution of light-absorbing
impurities in snow to Greenland's darkening since 2009, Nature Geosci., 7,
509–512, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2180, 2014.
Els, N., Greilinger, M., Reisecker, M., Tignat-Perrier, R., Baumann-Stanzer,
K., Kasper-Giebl, A., Sattler, B., and Larose, C.: Comparison of Bacterial
and Fungal Composition and Their Chemical Interaction in Free Tropospheric
Air and Snow Over an Entire Winter Season at Mount Sonnblick, Austria,
Front. Microbiol., 11, 980, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.00980, 2020.
Fang, L., Bai, Z., Wei, S., Yanfen, H., Zongming, W., Kaishan, S., Dianwei,
L., and Zhiming, L.: Sandy desertification change and its driving forces in
western Jilin Province, North China, Environ. Monit. Assess., 136, 379–390,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-007-9693-3, 2007.
Fellman, J. B., Hood, E., Raymond, P. A., Stubbins, A., and Spencer, R. G.
M.: Spatial Variation in the Origin of Dissolved Organic Carbon in Snow on
the Juneau Icefield, Southeast Alaska, Environ. Sci. Technol., 49,
11492–11499, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b02685, 2015.
Feng, L., Xu, J., Kang, S., Li, X., Li, Y., Jiang, B., and Shi, Q.: Chemical
Composition of Microbe-Derived Dissolved Organic Matter in Cryoconite in
Tibetan Plateau Glaciers: Insights from Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron
Resonance Mass Spectrometry Analysis, Environ. Sci. Technol., 50,
13215–13223, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b03971, 2016.
Feng, L., An, Y., Xu, J., and Kang, S.: Characteristics and sources of
dissolved organic matter in a glacier in the northern Tibetan Plateau:
differences between different snow categories, Ann. Glaciol., 59, 31–40,
https://doi.org/10.1017/aog.2018.20, 2018.
Flanner, M. G., Zender, C. S., Randerson, J. T., and Rasch, P. J.:
Present-day climate forcing and response from black carbon in snow, J.
Geophys. Res., 112, D11202, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD008003, 2007.
Fu, P., Kawamura, K., Chen, J., Qin, M., Ren, L., Sun, Y., Wang, Z., Barrie,
L. A., Tachibana, E., Ding, A., and Yamashita, Y.: Fluorescent water-soluble
organic aerosols in the High Arctic atmosphere, Sci. Rep., 5, 9845,
https://doi.org/10.1038/srep09845, 2015.
Grannas, A. M., Jones, A. E., Dibb, J., Ammann, M., Anastasio, C., Beine, H. J., Bergin, M., Bottenheim, J., Boxe, C. S., Carver, G., Chen, G., Crawford, J. H., Dominé, F., Frey, M. M., Guzmán, M. I., Heard, D. E., Helmig, D., Hoffmann, M. R., Honrath, R. E., Huey, L. G., Hutterli, M., Jacobi, H. W., Klán, P., Lefer, B., McConnell, J., Plane, J., Sander, R., Savarino, J., Shepson, P. B., Simpson, W. R., Sodeau, J. R., von Glasow, R., Weller, R., Wolff, E. W., and Zhu, T.: An overview of snow photochemistry: evidence, mechanisms and impacts, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 4329–4373, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-4329-2007, 2007.
Groisman, P. Ya., Karl, T. R., and Knight, R. W.: Observed Impact of Snow
Cover on the Heat Balance and the Rise of Continental Spring Temperatures,
Science, 263, 198–200, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.263.5144.198, 1994.
Guo, B., Li, W., Santibáñez, P., Priscu, J. C., Liu, Y., and Liu,
K.: Organic matter distribution in the icy environments of Taylor Valley,
Antarctica, Sci. Total Environ., 841, 156639,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156639, 2022.
Guo, J. and Hu, Y.: Spatiotemporal Variations in Satellite-Derived
Vegetation Phenological Parameters in Northeast China, Remote Sens., 14, 705,
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14030705, 2022.
Gustafsson, Ö., Kruså, M., Zencak, Z., Sheesley, R. J., Granat, L.,
Engström, E., Praveen, P. S., Rao, P. S. P., Leck, C., and Rodhe, H.:
Brown Clouds over South Asia: Biomass or Fossil Fuel Combustion?, Science,
323, 495–498, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1164857, 2009.
Hansen, J. and Nazarenko, L.: Soot climate forcing via snow and ice albedos,
P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 101, 423–428,
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2237157100, 2004.
Hegg, D. A., Warren, S. G., Grenfell, T. C., Doherty, S. J., and Clarke, A. D.: Sources of light-absorbing aerosol in arctic snow and their seasonal variation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 10923–10938, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-10923-2010, 2010.
Helms, J. R., Stubbins, A., Perdue, E. M., Green, N. W., Chen, H., and
Mopper, K.: Photochemical bleaching of oceanic dissolved organic matter and
its effect on absorption spectral slope and fluorescence, Mar. Chem., 155,
81–91, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2013.05.015, 2013.
Hood, E., Battin, T. J., Fellman, J., O'Neel, S., and Spencer, R. G. M.:
Storage and release of organic carbon from glaciers and ice sheets, Nature
Geosci., 8, 91–96, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2331, 2015.
Hotaling, S., Lutz, S., Dial, R. J., Anesio, A. M., Benning, L. G.,
Fountain, A. G., Kelley, J. L., McCutcheon, J., Skiles, S. M., Takeuchi, N.,
and Hamilton, T. L.: Biological albedo reduction on ice sheets, glaciers,
and snowfields, Earth-Sci. Rev., 220, 103728,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2021.103728, 2021.
Huang, J., Fu, Q., Zhang, W., Wang, X., Zhang, R., Ye, H., and Warren, S.
G.: Dust and Black Carbon in Seasonal Snow Across Northern China, Bull.
Amer. Meteor. Soc., 92, 175–181, https://doi.org/10.1175/2010BAMS3064.1,
2011.
Huguet, A., Vacher, L., Relexans, S., Saubusse, S., Froidefond, J. M., and
Parlanti, E.: Properties of fluorescent dissolved organic matter in the
Gironde Estuary, Org. Geochem., 40, 706–719,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2009.03.002, 2009.
Kirillova, E. N., Andersson, A., Han, J., Lee, M., and Gustafsson, Ö.: Sources and light absorption of water-soluble organic carbon aerosols in the outflow from northern China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 1413–1422, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1413-2014, 2014.
Kothawala, D. N., Murphy, K. R., Stedmon, C. A., Weyhenmeyer, G. A., and
Tranvik, L. J.: Inner filter correction of dissolved organic matter
fluorescence: Correction of inner filter effects, Limnol. Oceanogr-Meth.,
11, 616–630, https://doi.org/10.4319/lom.2013.11.616, 2013.
Kowalczuk, P., Stoń-Egiert, J., Cooper, W. J., Whitehead, R. F., and
Durako, M. J.: Characterization of chromophoric dissolved organic matter
(CDOM) in the Baltic Sea by excitation emission matrix fluorescence
spectroscopy, Mar. Chem., 96, 273–292,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2005.03.002, 2005.
Lawaetz, A. J. and Stedmon, C. A.: Fluorescence Intensity Calibration Using
the Raman Scatter Peak of Water, Appl. Spectrosc., 63, 936–940,
https://doi.org/10.1366/000370209788964548, 2009.
Li, C., Yan, F., Kang, S., Yan, C., Hu, Z., Chen, P., Gao, S., Zhang, C.,
He, C., Kaspari, S., and Stubbins, A.: Carbonaceous matter in the atmosphere
and glaciers of the Himalayas and the Tibetan plateau: An investigative
review, Environ. Int., 146, 106281,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2020.106281, 2021a.
Li, X., Fu, P., Tripathee, L., Yan, F., Hu, Z., Yu, F., Chen, Q., Li, J.,
Chen, Q., Cao, J., and Kang, S.: Molecular compositions, optical properties,
and implications of dissolved brown carbon in snow/ice on the Tibetan
Plateau glaciers, Environ. Int., 164, 107276,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2022.107276, 2022.
Li, Y., Kang, S., Zhang, X., Chen, J., Schmale, J., Li, X., Zhang, Y., Niu,
H., Li, Z., Qin, X., He, X., Yang, W., Zhang, G., Wang, S., Shao, L., and
Tian, L.: Black carbon and dust in the Third Pole glaciers: Revaluated
concentrations, mass absorption cross-sections and contributions to glacier
ablation, Sci. Total Environ., 789, 147746,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147746, 2021b.
Lu, Z., Zhang, Q., and Streets, D. G.: Sulfur dioxide and primary carbonaceous aerosol emissions in China and India, 1996–2010, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 9839–9864, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-9839-2011, 2011.
McKnight, D. M., Boyer, E. W., Westerhoff, P. K., Doran, P. T., Kulbe, T.,
and Andersen, D. T.: Spectrofluorometric characterization of dissolved
organic matter for indication of precursor organic material and aromaticity,
Limnol. Oceanogr., 46, 38–48, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2001.46.1.0038,
2001.
McNeill, V. F., Grannas, A. M., Abbatt, J. P. D., Ammann, M., Ariya, P., Bartels-Rausch, T., Domine, F., Donaldson, D. J., Guzman, M. I., Heger, D., Kahan, T. F., Klán, P., Masclin, S., Toubin, C., and Voisin, D.: Organics in environmental ices: sources, chemistry, and impacts, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 9653–9678, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-9653-2012, 2012.
Meyer, T. and Wania, F.: Organic contaminant amplification during snowmelt,
Water Res., 42, 1847–1865, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2007.12.016,
2008.
Mladenov, N., Alados-Arboledas, L., Olmo, F. J., Lyamani, H., Delgado, A.,
Molina, A., and Reche, I.: Applications of optical spectroscopy and stable
isotope analyses to organic aerosol source discrimination in an urban area,
Atmos. Environ., 45, 1960–1969,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.01.029, 2011.
Murphy, K. R., Stedmon, C. A., Waite, T. D., and Ruiz, G. M.: Distinguishing
between terrestrial and autochthonous organic matter sources in marine
environments using fluorescence spectroscopy, Mar. Chem., 108, 40–58,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2007.10.003, 2008.
Murphy, K. R., Hambly, A., Singh, S., Henderson, R. K., Baker, A., Stuetz,
R., and Khan, S. J.: Organic Matter Fluorescence in Municipal Water
Recycling Schemes: Toward a Unified PARAFAC Model, Environ. Sci. Technol.,
45, 2909–2916, https://doi.org/10.1021/es103015e, 2011.
Murphy, K. R., Stedmon, C. A., Graeber, D., and Bro, R.: Fluorescence
spectroscopy and multi-way techniques, PARAFAC, Anal. Methods, 5, 6557,
https://doi.org/10.1039/c3ay41160e, 2013.
Niu, H., Kang, S., Lu, X., and Shi, X.: Distributions and light absorption
property of water soluble organic carbon in a typical temperate glacier,
southeastern Tibetan Plateau, Tellus B, 70, 1–15,
https://doi.org/10.1080/16000889.2018.1468705, 2018.
Niu, X.: The data of acp-2022-336, Zenodo [data set], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6541956, 2022.
Ohno, T.: Fluorescence Inner-Filtering Correction for Determining the
Humification Index of Dissolved Organic Matter, Environ. Sci. Technol., 36,
742–746, https://doi.org/10.1021/es0155276, 2002.
Osburn, C. L., Handsel, L. T., Peierls, B. L., and Paerl, H. W.: Predicting
Sources of Dissolved Organic Nitrogen to an Estuary from an Agro-Urban
Coastal Watershed, Environ. Sci. Technol., 50, 8473–8484,
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b00053, 2016.
Painter, T. H., Barrett, A. P., Landry, C. C., Neff, J. C., Cassidy, M. P.,
Lawrence, C. R., McBride, K. E., and Farmer, G. L.: Impact of disturbed
desert soils on duration of mountain snow cover, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34,
L12502, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL030284, 2007.
Painter, T. H., Seidel, F. C., Bryant, A. C., McKenzie Skiles, S., and
Rittger, K.: Imaging spectroscopy of albedo and radiative forcing by
light-absorbing impurities in mountain snow, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 118,
9511–9523, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50520, 2013.
Pokrovsky, O. M.: Quantitative Estimates of the Impact of the Most Important
Factors on Global Climate Change over the Past 150 Years, Izv. Atmos. Ocean.
Phys., 55, 1182–1188, https://doi.org/10.1134/S0001433819090354, 2019.
Pu, W., Wang, X., Wei, H., Zhou, Y., Shi, J., Hu, Z., Jin, H., and Chen, Q.: Properties of black carbon and other insoluble light-absorbing particles in seasonal snow of northwestern China, The Cryosphere, 11, 1213–1233, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-1213-2017, 2017.
Pu, W., Cui, J., Shi, T., Zhang, X., He, C., and Wang, X.: The remote
sensing of radiative forcing by light-absorbing particles (LAPs) in seasonal
snow over northeastern China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 9949–9968,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-9949-2019, 2019.
Pu, W., Shi, T., Cui, J., Chen, Y., Zhou, Y., and Wang, X.: Enhancement of
snow albedo reduction and radiative forcing due to coated black carbon in
snow, The Cryosphere, 15, 2255–2272,
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-2255-2021, 2021.
Qian, Y., Yasunari, T. J., Doherty, S. J., Flanner, M. G., Lau, W. K. M.,
Ming, J., Wang, H., Wang, M., Warren, S. G., and Zhang, R.: Light-absorbing
particles in snow and ice: Measurement and modeling of climatic and
hydrological impact, Adv. Atmos. Sci., 32, 64–91,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-014-0010-0, 2015.
Ram, K., Sarin, M. M., and Hegde, P.: Long-term record of aerosol optical properties and chemical composition from a high-altitude site (Manora Peak) in Central Himalaya, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 11791–11803, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-11791-2010, 2010.
Sarangi, C., Qian, Y., Rittger, K., Ruby Leung, L., Chand, D., Bormann, K.
J., and Painter, T. H.: Dust dominates high-altitude snow darkening and melt
over high-mountain Asia, Nat. Clim. Chang., 10, 1045–1051,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-020-00909-3, 2020.
Seekell, D. A., Lapierre, J.-F., Ask, J., Bergström, A.-K., Deininger,
A., Rodríguez, P., and Karlsson, J.: The influence of dissolved organic
carbon on primary production in northern lakes, Limnol. Oceanogr., 60,
1276–1285, https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.10096, 2015.
Shamjad, P. M., Tripathi, S. N., Thamban, N. M., and Vreeland, H.:
Refractive Index and Absorption Attribution of Highly Absorbing Brown Carbon
Aerosols from an Urban Indian City-Kanpur, Sci. Rep., 6, 37735,
https://doi.org/10.1038/srep37735, 2016.
Shi, T., Pu, W., Zhou, Y., Cui, J., Zhang, D., and Wang, X.: Albedo of Black
Carbon-Contaminated Snow Across Northwestern China and the Validation With
Model Simulation, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 125, e2019JD032065,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD032065, 2020.
Shi, T., Cui, J., Chen, Y., Zhou, Y., Pu, W., Xu, X., Chen, Q., Zhang, X., and Wang, X.: Enhanced light absorption and reduced snow albedo due to internally mixed mineral dust in grains of snow, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 6035–6051, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6035-2021, 2021.
Shi, T., Chen, Y., Xing, Y., Niu, X., Wu, D., Cui, J., Zhou, Y., Pu, W., and
Wang, X.: Assessment of the combined radiative effects of black carbon in
the atmosphere and snowpack in the Northern Hemisphere constrained by
surface observations, Environ. Sci.-Atmos., 2, 702–713,
https://doi.org/10.1039/D2EA00005A, 2022a.
Shi, T., Cui, J., Wu, D., Xing, Y., Chen, Y., Zhou, Y., Pu, W., and Wang,
X.: Snow albedo reductions induced by the internal/external mixing of black
carbon and mineral dust, and different snow grain shapes across northern
China, Environ. Res., 208, 112670,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2021.112670, 2022b.
Singer, G. A., Fasching, C., Wilhelm, L., Niggemann, J., Steier, P.,
Dittmar, T., and Battin, T. J.: Biogeochemically diverse organic matter in
Alpine glaciers and its downstream fate, Nature Geosci., 5, 710–714,
https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1581, 2012.
Skiles, S. M., Flanner, M., Cook, J. M., Dumont, M., and Painter, T. H.:
Radiative forcing by light-absorbing particles in snow, Nat. Clim. Change,
8, 964–971, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-018-0296-5, 2018.
Song, K., Shang, Y., Wen, Z., Jacinthe, P.-A., Liu, G., Lyu, L., and Fang,
C.: Characterization of CDOM in saline and freshwater lakes across China
using spectroscopic analysis, Water Res., 150, 403–417,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2018.12.004, 2019.
Stedmon, C. A. and Markager, S.: Resolving the variability in dissolved
organic matter fluorescence in a temperate estuary and its catchment using
PARAFAC analysis, Limnol. Oceanogr., 50, 686–697,
https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2005.50.2.0686, 2005.
Stedmon, C. A., Markager, S., and Bro, R.: Tracing dissolved organic matter
in aquatic environments using a new approach to fluorescence spectroscopy,
Mar. Chem., 82, 239–254, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4203(03)00072-0,
2003.
Stedmon, C. A., Thomas, D. N., Granskog, M., Kaartokallio, H.,
Papadimitriou, S., and Kuosa, H.: Characteristics of Dissolved Organic
Matter in Baltic Coastal Sea Ice: Allochthonous or Autochthonous Origins?,
Environ. Sci. Technol., 41, 7273–7279, https://doi.org/10.1021/es071210f,
2007.
Usha, K. H., Nair, V. S., and Babu, S. S.: Modeling of aerosol induced snow
albedo feedbacks over the Himalayas and its implications on regional
climate, Clim. Dynam., 54, 4191–4210,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-020-05222-5, 2020.
Vione, D., Colombo, N., Said-Pullicino, D., Bocchiola, D., Confortola, G.,
Salerno, F., Viviano, G., Fratianni, S., Martin, M., Godone, D., and
Freppaz, M.: Seasonal variations in the optical characteristics of dissolved
organic matter in glacial pond water, Sci. Total Environ., 759, 143464,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143464, 2021.
Voisin, D., Jaffrezo, J.-L., Houdier, S., Barret, M., Cozic, J., King, M.
D., France, J. L., Reay, H. J., Grannas, A., Kos, G., Ariya, P. A., Beine,
H. J., and Domine, F.: Carbonaceous species and humic like substances
(HULIS) in Arctic snowpack during OASIS field campaign in Barrow, J.
Geophys. Res., 117, D00R19, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD016612, 2012.
Wang, J., Wang, Y., Yan, C., and Qi, Y.: 1:100 000 desert (sand) distribution dataset in China, edited by: National Tibetan Plateau Data Center, National Tibetan Plateau Data Center, https://doi.org/10.3972/westdc.006.2013.db, 2013a.
Wang, R., Tao, S., Balkanski, Y., Ciais, P., Boucher, O., Liu, J., Piao, S.,
Shen, H., Vuolo, M. R., Valari, M., Chen, H., Chen, Y., Cozic, A., Huang,
Y., Li, B., Li, W., Shen, G., Wang, B., and Zhang, Y.: Exposure to ambient
black carbon derived from a unique inventory and high-resolution model, P.
Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 111, 2459–2463,
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1318763111, 2014a.
Wang, X., Doherty, S. J., and Huang, J.: Black carbon and other
light-absorbing impurities in snow across Northern China, J. Geophys.
Res.-Atmos., 118, 1471–1492, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JD018291, 2013b.
Wang, X., Xu, B., and Ming, J.: An overview of the studies on black carbon
and mineral dust deposition in snow and ice cores in East Asia, J. Meteorol.
Res., 28, 354–370, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13351-014-4005-7, 2014b.
Wang, X., Pu, W., Zhang, X., Ren, Y., and Huang, J.: Water-soluble ions and
trace elements in surface snow and their potential source regions across
northeastern China, Atmos. Environ., 114, 57–65,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.05.012, 2015.
Wang, X., Pu, W., Ren, Y., Zhang, X., Zhang, X., Shi, J., Jin, H., Dai, M., and Chen, Q.: Observations and model simulations of snow albedo reduction in seasonal snow due to insoluble light-absorbing particles during 2014 Chinese survey, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 2279–2296, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-2279-2017, 2017.
Wang, X., Bai, X., Ma, L., He, C., Jiang, H., Sheng, L., and Luo, W.: Snow
depths' impact on soil microbial activities and carbon dioxide fluxes from a
temperate wetland in Northeast China, Sci. Rep., 10, 8709,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-65569-x, 2020.
Warren, S. and Wiscombe, W.: A Model for the Spectral Albedo of Snow. II:
Snow Containing Atmospheric Aerosols, J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 2734–2745,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1980)037<2734:AMFTSA>2.0.CO;2, 1980.
Wen, H., Zhou, Y., Xu, X., Wang, T., Chen, Q., Chen, Q., Li, W., Wang, Z.,
Huang, Z., Zhou, T., Shi, J., Bi, J., Ji, M., and Wang, X.: Water-soluble
brown carbon in atmospheric aerosols along the transport pathway of Asian
dust: Optical properties, chemical compositions, and potential sources, Sci.
Total Environ., 789, 147971,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147971, 2021.
Wu, D., Liu, J., Wang, T., Niu, X., Chen, Z., Wang, D., Zhang, X., Ji, M.,
Wang, X., and Pu, W.: Applying a dust index over North China and evaluating
the contribution of potential factors to its distribution, Atmos. Res., 254,
105515, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2021.105515, 2021.
Wu, D., Shi, T., Niu, X., Chen, Z., Cui, J., Chen, Y., Zhang, X., Liu, J.,
Ji, M., Wang, X., and Pu, W.: Seasonal to sub-seasonal variations of the
Asian Tropopause Aerosols Layer affected by the deep convection, surface
pollutants and precipitation, J. Environ. Sci., 114, 53–65,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2021.07.022, 2022.
Wu, G., Cong, Z., Kang, S., Kawamura, K., Fu, P., Zhang, Y., Wan, X., Gao,
S., and Liu, B.: Brown carbon in the cryosphere: Current knowledge and
perspective, Adv. Clim. Chang. Res., 7, 82–89,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2016.06.002, 2016.
Wu, G., Ram, K., Fu, P., Wang, W., Zhang, Y., Liu, X., Stone, E. A.,
Pradhan, B. B., Dangol, P. M., Panday, A. K., Wan, X., Bai, Z., Kang, S.,
Zhang, Q., and Cong, Z.: Water-Soluble Brown Carbon in Atmospheric Aerosols
from Godavari (Nepal), a Regional Representative of South Asia, Environ.
Sci. Technol., 53, 3471–3479, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b00596,
2019.
Wu, G., Wan, X., Ram, K., Li, P., Liu, B., Yin, Y., Fu, P., Loewen, M., Gao,
S., Kang, S., Kawamura, K., Wang, Y., and Cong, Z.: Light absorption,
fluorescence properties and sources of brown carbon aerosols in the
Southeast Tibetan Plateau, Environ. Pollut., 257, 113616,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113616, 2020.
Xie, X., Liu, X., Che, H., Xie, X., Li, X., Shi, Z., Wang, H., Zhao, T., and Liu, Y.: Radiative feedbacks of dust in snow over eastern Asia in CAM4-BAM, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 12683–12698, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-12683-2018, 2018.
Xin, J., Gong, C., Liu, Z., Cong, Z., Gao, W., Song, T., Pan, Y., Sun, Y.,
Ji, D., Wang, L., Tang, G., and Wang, Y.: The observation-based
relationships between PM2.5 and AOD over China, J. Geophys.
Res.-Atmos., 121, 10701–10716, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JD024655, 2016.
Yamashita, Y., Jaffé, R., Maie, N., and Tanoue, E.: Assessing the
dynamics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in coastal environments by
excitation emission matrix fluorescence and parallel factor analysis
(EEM-PARAFAC), Limnol. Oceanogr., 53, 1900–1908,
https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2008.53.5.1900, 2008.
Yan, F., Kang, S., Li, C., Zhang, Y., Qin, X., Li, Y., Zhang, X., Hu, Z., Chen, P., Li, X., Qu, B., and Sillanpää, M.: Concentration, sources and light absorption characteristics of dissolved organic carbon on a medium-sized valley glacier, northern Tibetan Plateau, The Cryosphere, 10, 2611–2621, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-2611-2016, 2016.
Zatko, M. C., Grenfell, T. C., Alexander, B., Doherty, S. J., Thomas, J. L., and Yang, X.: The influence of snow grain size and impurities on the vertical profiles of actinic flux and associated NOx emissions on the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 3547–3567, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-3547-2013, 2013.
Zhang, R., Hegg, D. A., Huang, J., and Fu, Q.: Source attribution of insoluble light-absorbing particles in seasonal snow across northern China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 6091–6099, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-6091-2013, 2013.
Zhang, Y., van Dijk, M. A., Liu, M., Zhu, G., and Qin, B.: The contribution
of phytoplankton degradation to chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM)
in eutrophic shallow lakes: Field and experimental evidence, Water Res., 43,
4685–4697, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2009.07.024, 2009.
Zhang, Y., Kang, S., Cong, Z., Schmale, J., Sprenger, M., Li, C., Yang, W.,
Gao, T., Sillanpää, M., Li, X., Liu, Y., Chen, P., and Zhang, X.:
Light-absorbing impurities enhance glacier albedo reduction in the
southeastern Tibetan plateau: Light-Absorbing Impurities in Snow, J.
Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 122, 6915–6933, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JD026397,
2017.
Zhang, Y., Kang, S., Sprenger, M., Cong, Z., Gao, T., Li, C., Tao, S., Li, X., Zhong, X., Xu, M., Meng, W., Neupane, B., Qin, X., and Sillanpää, M.: Black carbon and mineral dust in snow cover on the Tibetan Plateau, The Cryosphere, 12, 413–431, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-413-2018, 2018.
Zhang, Y., Kang, S., Gao, T., Sprenger, M., Dou, T., Han, W., Zhang, Q.,
Sun, S., Du, W., Chen, P., Guo, J., Cui, X., and Sillanpää, M.:
Dissolved organic carbon in Alaskan Arctic snow: concentrations,
light-absorption properties, and bioavailability, Tellus B, 72, 1–19,
https://doi.org/10.1080/16000889.2020.1778968, 2020.
Zhao, C., Hu, Z., Qian, Y., Ruby Leung, L., Huang, J., Huang, M., Jin, J., Flanner, M. G., Zhang, R., Wang, H., Yan, H., Lu, Z., and Streets, D. G.: Simulating black carbon and dust and their radiative forcing in seasonal snow: a case study over North China with field campaign measurements, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 11475–11491, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-11475-2014, 2014.
Zhao, Y., Xu, X., Huang, W., Wang, Y., Xu, Y., Chen, H., and Kang, Z.:
Trends in observed mean and extreme precipitation within the Yellow River
Basin, China, Theor. Appl. Climatol., 136, 1387–1396,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-018-2568-4, 2019.
Zhou, L., Zhou, Y., Hu, Y., Cai, J., Liu, X., Bai, C., Tang, X., Zhang, Y.,
Jang, K.-S., Spencer, R. G. M., and Jeppesen, E.: Microbial production and
consumption of dissolved organic matter in glacial ecosystems on the Tibetan
Plateau, Water Res., 160, 18–28,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2019.05.048, 2019a.
Zhou, Y., Shi, K., Zhang, Y., Jeppesen, E., Liu, X., Zhou, Q., Wu, H., Tang,
X., and Zhu, G.: Fluorescence peak integration ratio IC:IT as a new
potential indicator tracing the compositional changes in chromophoric
dissolved organic matter, Sci. Total Environ., 574, 1588–1598,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.08.196, 2017.
Zhou, Y., Wen, H., Liu, J., Pu, W., Chen, Q., and Wang, X.: The optical characteristics and sources of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in seasonal snow of northwestern China, The Cryosphere, 13, 157–175, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-157-2019, 2019b.
Zhou, Y., West, C. P., Hettiyadura, A. P. S., Niu, X., Wen, H., Cui, J., Shi, T., Pu, W., Wang, X., and Laskin, A.: Measurement report: Molecular composition, optical properties, and radiative effects of water-soluble organic carbon in snowpack samples from northern Xinjiang, China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 8531–8555, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8531-2021, 2021.
Zhou, Y., West, C. P., Hettiyadura, A. P. S., Pu, W., Shi, T., Niu, X., Wen,
H., Cui, J., Wang, X., and Laskin, A.: Molecular Characterization of
Water-Soluble Brown Carbon Chromophores in Snowpack from Northern Xinjiang,
China, Environ. Sci. Technol., 56, 4173–4186,
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c07972, 2022.
Zsolnay, A., Baigar, E., Jimenez, M., Steinweg, B., and Saccomandi, F.:
Differentiating with fluorescence spectroscopy the sources of dissolved
organic matter in soils subjected to drying, Chemosphere, 38, 45–50,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(98)00166-0, 1999.
Short summary
In this study, we do the first investigation of WSOC in seasonal snow of northeastern China. The results revealed the regional-specific compositions and sources of WSOC due to different natural environments and anthropogenic activities. The abundant concentrations of WSOC and its absorption properties contributed to a crucial impact on the snow albedo and radiative effect. We established that our study could raise awareness of carbon cycling processes, hydrological processes, and climate change.
In this study, we do the first investigation of WSOC in seasonal snow of northeastern China. The...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint