Articles | Volume 21, issue 16
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-12595-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-12595-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
23 Aug 2021
Research article |
| 23 Aug 2021
| 23 Aug 2021
Aerosol formation and growth rates from chamber experiments using Kalman smoothing
Matthew Ozon
Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
Dominik Stolzenburg
Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/ Physics,
University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
Lubna Dada
Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/ Physics,
University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
EPFL, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering,
1951 Sion, Switzerland
Paul Scherrer Institute, Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, 5232
Villigen PSI, Switzerland
Aku Seppänen
Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
Kari E. J. Lehtinen
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
Atmospheric Research Centre of Eastern Finland, Finnish
Meteorological Institute, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
Related authors
Matthew Ozon, Aku Seppänen, Jari P. Kaipio, and Kari E. J. Lehtinen
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 3715–3739, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-3715-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-3715-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Experimental research has provided large amounts of high-quality data on aerosol over the last 2 decades. However, inference of the process rates (e.g., the rates at which particles are generated) is still typically done by simple curve-fitting methods and does not assess the credibility of the estimation. The devised method takes advantage of the Bayesian framework to not only retrieve the state of the observed aerosol system but also to estimate the process rates (e.g., growth rate).
Jürgen Gratzl, Alexander Böhmländer, Sanna Pätsi, Clara-E. Pogner, Markus Gorfer, David Brus, Konstantinos Matthaios Doulgeris, Florian Wieland, Eija Asmi, Annika Saarto, Ottmar Möhler, Dominik Stolzenburg, and Hinrich Grothe
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 12007–12035, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-12007-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-12007-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We studied particles in the air over 1 year in the Finnish sub-Arctic to understand how biological particles affect ice formation in clouds. We found that fungal spores are the main contributors to ice formation at warmer temperatures. These particles are released locally and vary with the weather. Our results also show that we know very little about which fungi can form ice in the atmosphere, highlighting a major gap in our understanding of how nature influences weather and climate.
Neil M. Donahue, Victoria Hofbauer, Henning Finkenzeller, Dominik Stolzenburg, Paulus S. Bauer, Randall Chiu, Lubna Dada, Jonathan Duplissy, Xu-Cheng He, Martin Heinritzi, Christopher R. Hoyle, Andreas Kürten, Aleksandr Kvashnin, Katrianne Lehtipalo, Naser Mahfouz, Vladimir Makhmutov, Roy L. Mauldin III, Ugo Molteni, Lauriane L. J. Quéléver, Matti Rissanen, Siegfried Schobesberger, Mario Simon, Andrea C. Wagner, Mingyi Wang, Chao Yan, Penglin Ye, Ilona Riipinen, Hamish Gordon, Joachim Curtius, Armin Hansel, Imad El Haddad, Markku Kulmala, Douglas R. Worsnop, Rainer Volkamer, Paul M. Winkler, Jasper Kirkby, and Richard Flagan
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2412, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2412, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Measurement Techniques (AMT).
Short summary
Short summary
We describe accurate measurement of particle formation and growth in the CERN CLOUD chamber, using a suite of gas- and particle-phase instruments. The interconnected measurements establish high accuracy in key particle properties and critically important gas-phase sulfuric acid. This is a template for accurate calibration of similar experiments and thus accurate determination of aerosol nucleation and growth rates, which are an important source of uncertainty in climate science.
Lubna Dada, Benjamin T. Brem, Lidia-Marta Amarandi-Netedu, Martine Collaud Coen, Nikolaos Evangeliou, Christoph Hueglin, Nora Nowak, Robin Modini, Martin Steinbacher, and Martin Gysel-Beer
Aerosol Research, 3, 315–336, https://doi.org/10.5194/ar-3-315-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/ar-3-315-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated the sources of ultrafine particles (UFPs) in Payerne, Switzerland, highlighting the significant role of secondary processes in elevating UFP concentrations to levels comparable to urban areas. As the first study in rural midland Switzerland to analyze new particle formation events and secondary contributions, it offers key insights for air quality regulation and the role of agriculture in Switzerland and central Europe.
Xinyang Li, Tuomo Nieminen, Rima Baalbaki, Putian Zhou, Pauli Paasonen, Risto Makkonen, Martha Arbayani Zaidan, Nina Sarnela, Chao Yan, Tuija Jokinen, Imre Salma, Máté Vörösmarty, Tuukka Petäjä, Veli-Matti Kerminen, Markku Kulmala, and Lubna Dada
Aerosol Research, 3, 271–291, https://doi.org/10.5194/ar-3-271-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/ar-3-271-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Particle formation rate is one of the key factors in studying the physical properties of aerosols. By developing powerful and simple semi-empirical particle formation rate models, we can predict particle formation rates and compare them with real-time measurements to aid in discovering hidden particle formation mechanisms as well as global simulations of particle population to fill the knowledge gap caused by the uncertainty in aerosol cooling effects on Earth's atmosphere.
Matti Niskanen, Aku Seppänen, Henri Oikarinen, Miska Olin, Panu Karjalainen, Santtu Mikkonen, and Kari Lehtinen
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 2983–3001, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-2983-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-2983-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Particle size is a key factor determining the properties of aerosol particles which have a major influence on the climate and on human health. When measuring the particle sizes, however, sometimes the sampling lines that transfer the aerosol to the measurement device distort the size distribution, making the measurement unreliable. We propose a method to correct for the distortions and estimate the true particle sizes, improving measurement accuracy.
Benjamin Heutte, Nora Bergner, Hélène Angot, Jakob B. Pernov, Lubna Dada, Jessica A. Mirrielees, Ivo Beck, Andrea Baccarini, Matthew Boyer, Jessie M. Creamean, Kaspar R. Daellenbach, Imad El Haddad, Markus M. Frey, Silvia Henning, Tiia Laurila, Vaios Moschos, Tuukka Petäjä, Kerri A. Pratt, Lauriane L. J. Quéléver, Matthew D. Shupe, Paul Zieger, Tuija Jokinen, and Julia Schmale
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 2207–2241, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2207-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2207-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Limited aerosol measurements in the central Arctic hinder our understanding of aerosol–climate interactions in the region. Our year-long observations of aerosol physicochemical properties during the MOSAiC expedition reveal strong seasonal variations in aerosol chemical composition, where the short-term variability is heavily affected by storms in the Arctic. Local wind-generated particles are shown to be an important source of cloud seeds, especially in autumn.
Matthew Boyer, Diego Aliaga, Lauriane L. J. Quéléver, Silvia Bucci, Hélène Angot, Lubna Dada, Benjamin Heutte, Lisa Beck, Marina Duetsch, Andreas Stohl, Ivo Beck, Tiia Laurila, Nina Sarnela, Roseline C. Thakur, Branka Miljevic, Markku Kulmala, Tuukka Petäjä, Mikko Sipilä, Julia Schmale, and Tuija Jokinen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 12595–12621, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12595-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12595-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We analyze the seasonal cycle and sources of gases that are relevant for the formation of aerosol particles in the central Arctic. Since theses gases can form new particles, they can influence Arctic climate. We show that the sources of these gases are associated with changes in the Arctic environment during the year, especially with respect to sea ice. Therefore, the concentration of these gases will likely change in the future as the Arctic continues to warm.
Peter J. Wlasits, Joonas Enroth, Joonas Vanhanen, Aki Pajunoja, Hinrich Grothe, Paul M. Winkler, and Dominik Stolzenburg
Aerosol Research, 2, 199–206, https://doi.org/10.5194/ar-2-199-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/ar-2-199-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We highlight that the composition dependence of the counting efficiency of condensation particle counters can be immensely reduced by choice of the working fluid. A butanol- and a propylene glycol-based version of the Airmodus A30 was calibrated using a set of four different seed particles. Our study shows that composition-dependent counting efficiencies almost vanish in the case of the propylene glycol-based CPC. Simulations of supersaturation profiles were used to explain the results.
Jing Cai, Juha Sulo, Yifang Gu, Sebastian Holm, Runlong Cai, Steven Thomas, Almuth Neuberger, Fredrik Mattsson, Marco Paglione, Stefano Decesari, Matteo Rinaldi, Rujing Yin, Diego Aliaga, Wei Huang, Yuanyuan Li, Yvette Gramlich, Giancarlo Ciarelli, Lauriane Quéléver, Nina Sarnela, Katrianne Lehtipalo, Nora Zannoni, Cheng Wu, Wei Nie, Juha Kangasluoma, Claudia Mohr, Markku Kulmala, Qiaozhi Zha, Dominik Stolzenburg, and Federico Bianchi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2423–2441, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2423-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2423-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
By combining field measurements, simulations and recent chamber experiments, we investigate new particle formation (NPF) and growth in the Po Valley, where both haze and frequent NPF occur. Our results show that sulfuric acid, ammonia and amines are the dominant NPF precursors there. A high NPF rate and a lower condensation sink lead to a greater survival probability for newly formed particles, highlighting the importance of gas-to-particle conversion for aerosol concentrations.
Arto Heitto, Cheng Wu, Diego Aliaga, Luis Blacutt, Xuemeng Chen, Yvette Gramlich, Liine Heikkinen, Wei Huang, Radovan Krejci, Paolo Laj, Isabel Moreno, Karine Sellegri, Fernando Velarde, Kay Weinhold, Alfred Wiedensohler, Qiaozhi Zha, Federico Bianchi, Marcos Andrade, Kari E. J. Lehtinen, Claudia Mohr, and Taina Yli-Juuti
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1315–1328, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1315-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1315-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Particle growth at the Chacaltaya station in Bolivia was simulated based on measured vapor concentrations and ambient conditions. Major contributors to the simulated growth were low-volatility organic compounds (LVOCs). Also, sulfuric acid had major role when volcanic activity was occurring in the area. This study provides insight on nanoparticle growth at this high-altitude Southern Hemispheric site and hence contributes to building knowledge of early growth of atmospheric particles.
Juan Andrés Casquero-Vera, Daniel Pérez-Ramírez, Hassan Lyamani, Fernando Rejano, Andrea Casans, Gloria Titos, Francisco José Olmo, Lubna Dada, Simo Hakala, Tareq Hussein, Katrianne Lehtipalo, Pauli Paasonen, Antti Hyvärinen, Noemí Pérez, Xavier Querol, Sergio Rodríguez, Nikos Kalivitis, Yenny González, Mansour A. Alghamdi, Veli-Matti Kerminen, Andrés Alastuey, Tuukka Petäjä, and Lucas Alados-Arboledas
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 15795–15814, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15795-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15795-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Here we present the first study of the effect of mineral dust on the inhibition/promotion of new particle formation (NPF) events in different dust-influenced areas. Unexpectedly, we show that the occurrence of NPF events is highly frequent during mineral dust outbreaks, occurring even during extreme dust outbreaks. We also show that the occurrence of NPF events during mineral dust outbreaks significantly affects the potential cloud condensation nuclei budget.
Markku Kulmala, Anna Lintunen, Hanna Lappalainen, Annele Virtanen, Chao Yan, Ekaterina Ezhova, Tuomo Nieminen, Ilona Riipinen, Risto Makkonen, Johanna Tamminen, Anu-Maija Sundström, Antti Arola, Armin Hansel, Kari Lehtinen, Timo Vesala, Tuukka Petäjä, Jaana Bäck, Tom Kokkonen, and Veli-Matti Kerminen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14949–14971, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14949-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14949-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
To be able to meet global grand challenges, we need comprehensive open data with proper metadata. In this opinion paper, we describe the SMEAR (Station for Measuring Earth surface – Atmosphere Relations) concept and include several examples (cases), such as new particle formation and growth, feedback loops and the effect of COVID-19, and what has been learned from these investigations. The future needs and the potential of comprehensive observations of the environment are summarized.
Joschka Pfeifer, Naser G. A. Mahfouz, Benjamin C. Schulze, Serge Mathot, Dominik Stolzenburg, Rima Baalbaki, Zoé Brasseur, Lucia Caudillo, Lubna Dada, Manuel Granzin, Xu-Cheng He, Houssni Lamkaddam, Brandon Lopez, Vladimir Makhmutov, Ruby Marten, Bernhard Mentler, Tatjana Müller, Antti Onnela, Maxim Philippov, Ana A. Piedehierro, Birte Rörup, Meredith Schervish, Ping Tian, Nsikanabasi S. Umo, Dongyu S. Wang, Mingyi Wang, Stefan K. Weber, André Welti, Yusheng Wu, Marcel Zauner-Wieczorek, Antonio Amorim, Imad El Haddad, Markku Kulmala, Katrianne Lehtipalo, Tuukka Petäjä, António Tomé, Sander Mirme, Hanna E. Manninen, Neil M. Donahue, Richard C. Flagan, Andreas Kürten, Joachim Curtius, and Jasper Kirkby
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 6703–6718, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6703-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6703-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Attachment rate coefficients between ions and charged aerosol particles determine their lifetimes and may also influence cloud dynamics and aerosol processing. Here we present novel experiments that measure ion–aerosol attachment rate coefficients for multiply charged aerosol particles under atmospheric conditions in the CERN CLOUD chamber. Our results provide experimental discrimination between various theoretical models.
Lucía Caudillo, Mihnea Surdu, Brandon Lopez, Mingyi Wang, Markus Thoma, Steffen Bräkling, Angela Buchholz, Mario Simon, Andrea C. Wagner, Tatjana Müller, Manuel Granzin, Martin Heinritzi, Antonio Amorim, David M. Bell, Zoé Brasseur, Lubna Dada, Jonathan Duplissy, Henning Finkenzeller, Xu-Cheng He, Houssni Lamkaddam, Naser G. A. Mahfouz, Vladimir Makhmutov, Hanna E. Manninen, Guillaume Marie, Ruby Marten, Roy L. Mauldin, Bernhard Mentler, Antti Onnela, Tuukka Petäjä, Joschka Pfeifer, Maxim Philippov, Ana A. Piedehierro, Birte Rörup, Wiebke Scholz, Jiali Shen, Dominik Stolzenburg, Christian Tauber, Ping Tian, António Tomé, Nsikanabasi Silas Umo, Dongyu S. Wang, Yonghong Wang, Stefan K. Weber, André Welti, Marcel Zauner-Wieczorek, Urs Baltensperger, Richard C. Flagan, Armin Hansel, Jasper Kirkby, Markku Kulmala, Katrianne Lehtipalo, Douglas R. Worsnop, Imad El Haddad, Neil M. Donahue, Alexander L. Vogel, Andreas Kürten, and Joachim Curtius
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 6613–6631, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6613-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6613-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we present an intercomparison of four different techniques for measuring the chemical composition of nanoparticles. The intercomparison was performed based on the observed chemical composition, calculated volatility, and analysis of the thermograms. We found that the methods generally agree on the most important compounds that are found in the nanoparticles. However, they do see different parts of the organic spectrum. We suggest potential explanations for these differences.
Dominik Stolzenburg, Tiia Laurila, Pasi Aalto, Joonas Vanhanen, Tuukka Petäjä, and Juha Kangasluoma
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 2471–2483, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-2471-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-2471-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Size-distribution measurements of ultrafine particles are of special interest as they can be used to estimate the atmospheric significance of new particle formation, a process which is thought to influence the global climate. Here we show that improved counting statistics in size-distribution measurements through the usage of higher sampling flows can significantly reduce the uncertainties in such calculations.
Tuuli Miinalainen, Harri Kokkola, Antti Lipponen, Antti-Pekka Hyvärinen, Vijay Kumar Soni, Kari E. J. Lehtinen, and Thomas Kühn
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 3471–3491, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3471-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3471-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We simulated the effects of aerosol emission mitigation on both global and regional radiative forcing and city-level air quality with a global-scale climate model. We used a machine learning downscaling approach to bias-correct the PM2.5 values obtained from the global model for the Indian megacity New Delhi. Our results indicate that aerosol mitigation could result in both improved air quality and less radiative heating for India.
Matthew Boyer, Diego Aliaga, Jakob Boyd Pernov, Hélène Angot, Lauriane L. J. Quéléver, Lubna Dada, Benjamin Heutte, Manuel Dall'Osto, David C. S. Beddows, Zoé Brasseur, Ivo Beck, Silvia Bucci, Marina Duetsch, Andreas Stohl, Tiia Laurila, Eija Asmi, Andreas Massling, Daniel Charles Thomas, Jakob Klenø Nøjgaard, Tak Chan, Sangeeta Sharma, Peter Tunved, Radovan Krejci, Hans Christen Hansson, Federico Bianchi, Katrianne Lehtipalo, Alfred Wiedensohler, Kay Weinhold, Markku Kulmala, Tuukka Petäjä, Mikko Sipilä, Julia Schmale, and Tuija Jokinen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 389–415, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-389-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-389-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The Arctic is a unique environment that is warming faster than other locations on Earth. We evaluate measurements of aerosol particles, which can influence climate, over the central Arctic Ocean for a full year and compare the data to land-based measurement stations across the Arctic. Our measurements show that the central Arctic has similarities to but also distinct differences from the stations further south. We note that this may change as the Arctic warms and sea ice continues to decline.
Runlong Cai, Chenjuan Deng, Dominik Stolzenburg, Chenxi Li, Junchen Guo, Veli-Matti Kerminen, Jingkun Jiang, Markku Kulmala, and Juha Kangasluoma
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 14571–14587, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14571-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14571-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The survival probability of new particles is the key parameter governing their influences on the atmosphere and climate, yet the knowledge of particle survival in the atmosphere is rather limited. We propose methods to compute the size-resolved particle survival probability and validate them using simulations and measurements from diverse environments. Using these methods, we could explain particle survival from the cluster size to the cloud condensation nuclei size.
Loïc Gonzalez Carracedo, Katrianne Lehtipalo, Lauri R. Ahonen, Nina Sarnela, Sebastian Holm, Juha Kangasluoma, Markku Kulmala, Paul M. Winkler, and Dominik Stolzenburg
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 13153–13166, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13153-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13153-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Fast nanoparticle growth is essential for the survival of new aerosol particles in the atmosphere and hence their contribution to the climate. We show that using naturally charged ions for growth calculations can cause a significant error. During the diurnal cycle, the importance of ion-induced and neutral nucleation varies, causing the ion population to have a slower measurable apparent growth. Results suggest that data from ion spectrometers need to be considered with great care below 3 nm.
Chao Yan, Yicheng Shen, Dominik Stolzenburg, Lubna Dada, Ximeng Qi, Simo Hakala, Anu-Maija Sundström, Yishuo Guo, Antti Lipponen, Tom V. Kokkonen, Jenni Kontkanen, Runlong Cai, Jing Cai, Tommy Chan, Liangduo Chen, Biwu Chu, Chenjuan Deng, Wei Du, Xiaolong Fan, Xu-Cheng He, Juha Kangasluoma, Joni Kujansuu, Mona Kurppa, Chang Li, Yiran Li, Zhuohui Lin, Yiliang Liu, Yuliang Liu, Yiqun Lu, Wei Nie, Jouni Pulliainen, Xiaohui Qiao, Yonghong Wang, Yifan Wen, Ye Wu, Gan Yang, Lei Yao, Rujing Yin, Gen Zhang, Shaojun Zhang, Feixue Zheng, Ying Zhou, Antti Arola, Johanna Tamminen, Pauli Paasonen, Yele Sun, Lin Wang, Neil M. Donahue, Yongchun Liu, Federico Bianchi, Kaspar R. Daellenbach, Douglas R. Worsnop, Veli-Matti Kerminen, Tuukka Petäjä, Aijun Ding, Jingkun Jiang, and Markku Kulmala
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 12207–12220, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12207-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12207-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Atmospheric new particle formation (NPF) is a dominant source of atmospheric ultrafine particles. In urban environments, traffic emissions are a major source of primary pollutants, but their contribution to NPF remains under debate. During the COVID-19 lockdown, traffic emissions were significantly reduced, providing a unique chance to examine their relevance to NPF. Based on our comprehensive measurements, we demonstrate that traffic emissions alone are not able to explain the NPF in Beijing.
Benjamin Foreback, Lubna Dada, Kaspar R. Daellenbach, Chao Yan, Lili Wang, Biwu Chu, Ying Zhou, Tom V. Kokkonen, Mona Kurppa, Rosaria E. Pileci, Yonghong Wang, Tommy Chan, Juha Kangasluoma, Lin Zhuohui, Yishou Guo, Chang Li, Rima Baalbaki, Joni Kujansuu, Xiaolong Fan, Zemin Feng, Pekka Rantala, Shahzad Gani, Federico Bianchi, Veli-Matti Kerminen, Tuukka Petäjä, Markku Kulmala, Yongchun Liu, and Pauli Paasonen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 11089–11104, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11089-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11089-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study analyzed air quality in Beijing during the Chinese New Year over 7 years, including data from a new in-depth measurement station. This is one of few studies to look at long-term impacts, including the outcome of firework restrictions starting in 2018. Results show that firework pollution has gone down since 2016, indicating a positive result from the restrictions. Results of this study may be useful in making future decisions about the use of fireworks to improve air quality.
Yishuo Guo, Chao Yan, Yuliang Liu, Xiaohui Qiao, Feixue Zheng, Ying Zhang, Ying Zhou, Chang Li, Xiaolong Fan, Zhuohui Lin, Zemin Feng, Yusheng Zhang, Penggang Zheng, Linhui Tian, Wei Nie, Zhe Wang, Dandan Huang, Kaspar R. Daellenbach, Lei Yao, Lubna Dada, Federico Bianchi, Jingkun Jiang, Yongchun Liu, Veli-Matti Kerminen, and Markku Kulmala
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 10077–10097, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10077-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10077-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Gaseous oxygenated organic molecules (OOMs) are able to form atmospheric aerosols, which will impact on human health and climate change. Here, we find that OOMs in urban Beijing are dominated by anthropogenic sources, i.e. aromatic (29 %–41 %) and aliphatic (26 %–41 %) OOMs. They are also the main contributors to the condensational growth of secondary organic aerosols (SOAs). Therefore, the restriction on anthropogenic VOCs is crucial for the reduction of SOAs and haze formation.
Ivo Beck, Hélène Angot, Andrea Baccarini, Lubna Dada, Lauriane Quéléver, Tuija Jokinen, Tiia Laurila, Markus Lampimäki, Nicolas Bukowiecki, Matthew Boyer, Xianda Gong, Martin Gysel-Beer, Tuukka Petäjä, Jian Wang, and Julia Schmale
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 4195–4224, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-4195-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-4195-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We present the pollution detection algorithm (PDA), a new method to identify local primary pollution in remote atmospheric aerosol and trace gas time series. The PDA identifies periods of contaminated data and relies only on the target dataset itself; i.e., it is independent of ancillary data such as meteorological variables. The parameters of all pollution identification steps are adjustable so that the PDA can be tuned to different locations and situations. It is available as open-access code.
Lisa J. Beck, Siegfried Schobesberger, Heikki Junninen, Janne Lampilahti, Antti Manninen, Lubna Dada, Katri Leino, Xu-Cheng He, Iida Pullinen, Lauriane L. J. Quéléver, Anna Franck, Pyry Poutanen, Daniela Wimmer, Frans Korhonen, Mikko Sipilä, Mikael Ehn, Douglas R. Worsnop, Veli-Matti Kerminen, Tuukka Petäjä, Markku Kulmala, and Jonathan Duplissy
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 8547–8577, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8547-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8547-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The presented article introduces an overview of atmospheric ions and their composition above the boreal forest. We provide the results of an extensive airborne measurement campaign with an air ion mass spectrometer and particle measurements, showing their diurnal evolution within the boundary layer and free troposphere. In addition, we compare the airborne dataset with the co-located data from the ground at SMEAR II station, Finland.
Lauriane L. J. Quéléver, Lubna Dada, Eija Asmi, Janne Lampilahti, Tommy Chan, Jonathan E. Ferrara, Gustavo E. Copes, German Pérez-Fogwill, Luis Barreira, Minna Aurela, Douglas R. Worsnop, Tuija Jokinen, and Mikko Sipilä
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 8417–8437, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8417-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8417-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding how aerosols form is crucial for correctly modeling the climate and improving future predictions. This work provides extensive analysis of aerosol particles and their precursors at Marambio Station, Antarctic Peninsula. We show that sulfuric acid, ammonia, and dimethylamine are key contributors to the frequent new particle formation events observed at the site. We discuss nucleation mechanisms and highlight the need for targeted measurement to fully understand these processes.
Miska Olin, Magdalena Okuljar, Matti P. Rissanen, Joni Kalliokoski, Jiali Shen, Lubna Dada, Markus Lampimäki, Yusheng Wu, Annalea Lohila, Jonathan Duplissy, Mikko Sipilä, Tuukka Petäjä, Markku Kulmala, and Miikka Dal Maso
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 8097–8115, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8097-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8097-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Atmospheric new particle formation is an important source of the total particle number concentration in the atmosphere. Several parameters for predicting new particle formation events have been suggested before, but the results have been inconclusive. This study proposes an another predicting parameter, related to a specific type of highly oxidized organic molecules, especially for similar locations to the measurement site in this study, which was a coastal agricultural site in Finland.
Roseline C. Thakur, Lubna Dada, Lisa J. Beck, Lauriane L. J. Quéléver, Tommy Chan, Marjan Marbouti, Xu-Cheng He, Carlton Xavier, Juha Sulo, Janne Lampilahti, Markus Lampimäki, Yee Jun Tham, Nina Sarnela, Katrianne Lehtipalo, Alf Norkko, Markku Kulmala, Mikko Sipilä, and Tuija Jokinen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 6365–6391, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6365-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6365-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Every year intense cyanobacterial and macroalgal blooms occur in the Baltic Sea and in the coastal areas surrounding Helsinki, yet no studies have addressed the impact of biogenic emissions from these blooms on gas vapor concentrations, which in turn could influence new particle formation. This is the first study of its kind to address the chemistry driving new particle formation (NPF) during a bloom period in this region, highlighting the role of biogenic sulfuric acid and iodic acid.
Antti Lipponen, Jaakko Reinvall, Arttu Väisänen, Henri Taskinen, Timo Lähivaara, Larisa Sogacheva, Pekka Kolmonen, Kari Lehtinen, Antti Arola, and Ville Kolehmainen
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 895–914, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-895-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-895-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We have developed a machine-learning-based model that can be used to correct the Sentinel-3 satellite-based aerosol parameter data of the Synergy data product. The strength of the model is that the original satellite data processing does not have to be carried out again but the correction can be carried out with the data already available. We show that the correction significantly improves the accuracy of the satellite aerosol parameters.
Peifeng Su, Jorma Joutsensaari, Lubna Dada, Martha Arbayani Zaidan, Tuomo Nieminen, Xinyang Li, Yusheng Wu, Stefano Decesari, Sasu Tarkoma, Tuukka Petäjä, Markku Kulmala, and Petri Pellikka
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 1293–1309, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1293-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1293-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We regarded the banana shapes in the surface plots as a special kind of object (similar to cats) and applied an instance segmentation technique to automatically identify the new particle formation (NPF) events (especially the strongest ones), in addition to their growth rates, start times, and end times. The automatic method generalized well on datasets collected in different sites, which is useful for long-term data series analysis and obtaining statistical properties of NPF events.
Arto Heitto, Kari Lehtinen, Tuukka Petäjä, Felipe Lopez-Hilfiker, Joel A. Thornton, Markku Kulmala, and Taina Yli-Juuti
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 155–171, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-155-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-155-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
For atmospheric aerosol particles to take part in cloud formation, they need to be at least a few tens of nanometers in diameter. By using a particle condensation model, we investigated how two types of chemical reactions, oligomerization and decomposition, of organic molecules inside the particle may affect the growth of secondary aerosol particles to these sizes. We show that the effect is potentially significant, which highlights the importance of increasing understanding of these processes.
Ying Zhou, Simo Hakala, Chao Yan, Yang Gao, Xiaohong Yao, Biwu Chu, Tommy Chan, Juha Kangasluoma, Shahzad Gani, Jenni Kontkanen, Pauli Paasonen, Yongchun Liu, Tuukka Petäjä, Markku Kulmala, and Lubna Dada
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 17885–17906, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17885-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17885-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We characterized the connection between new particle formation (NPF) events in terms of frequency, intensity and growth at a near-highway location in central Beijing and at a background mountain site 80 km away. Due to the substantial contribution of NPF to the global aerosol budget, identifying the conditions that promote the occurrence of regional NPF events could help understand their contribution on a large scale and would improve their implementation in global models.
Lucía Caudillo, Birte Rörup, Martin Heinritzi, Guillaume Marie, Mario Simon, Andrea C. Wagner, Tatjana Müller, Manuel Granzin, Antonio Amorim, Farnoush Ataei, Rima Baalbaki, Barbara Bertozzi, Zoé Brasseur, Randall Chiu, Biwu Chu, Lubna Dada, Jonathan Duplissy, Henning Finkenzeller, Loïc Gonzalez Carracedo, Xu-Cheng He, Victoria Hofbauer, Weimeng Kong, Houssni Lamkaddam, Chuan P. Lee, Brandon Lopez, Naser G. A. Mahfouz, Vladimir Makhmutov, Hanna E. Manninen, Ruby Marten, Dario Massabò, Roy L. Mauldin, Bernhard Mentler, Ugo Molteni, Antti Onnela, Joschka Pfeifer, Maxim Philippov, Ana A. Piedehierro, Meredith Schervish, Wiebke Scholz, Benjamin Schulze, Jiali Shen, Dominik Stolzenburg, Yuri Stozhkov, Mihnea Surdu, Christian Tauber, Yee Jun Tham, Ping Tian, António Tomé, Steffen Vogt, Mingyi Wang, Dongyu S. Wang, Stefan K. Weber, André Welti, Wang Yonghong, Wu Yusheng, Marcel Zauner-Wieczorek, Urs Baltensperger, Imad El Haddad, Richard C. Flagan, Armin Hansel, Kristina Höhler, Jasper Kirkby, Markku Kulmala, Katrianne Lehtipalo, Ottmar Möhler, Harald Saathoff, Rainer Volkamer, Paul M. Winkler, Neil M. Donahue, Andreas Kürten, and Joachim Curtius
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 17099–17114, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17099-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17099-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We performed experiments in the CLOUD chamber at CERN at low temperatures to simulate new particle formation in the upper free troposphere (at −30 ºC and −50 ºC). We measured the particle and gas phase and found that most of the compounds present in the gas phase are detected as well in the particle phase. The major compounds in the particles are C8–10 and C18–20. Specifically, we showed that C5 and C15 compounds are detected in a mixed system with isoprene and α-pinene at −30 ºC, 20 % RH.
Mao Xiao, Christopher R. Hoyle, Lubna Dada, Dominik Stolzenburg, Andreas Kürten, Mingyi Wang, Houssni Lamkaddam, Olga Garmash, Bernhard Mentler, Ugo Molteni, Andrea Baccarini, Mario Simon, Xu-Cheng He, Katrianne Lehtipalo, Lauri R. Ahonen, Rima Baalbaki, Paulus S. Bauer, Lisa Beck, David Bell, Federico Bianchi, Sophia Brilke, Dexian Chen, Randall Chiu, António Dias, Jonathan Duplissy, Henning Finkenzeller, Hamish Gordon, Victoria Hofbauer, Changhyuk Kim, Theodore K. Koenig, Janne Lampilahti, Chuan Ping Lee, Zijun Li, Huajun Mai, Vladimir Makhmutov, Hanna E. Manninen, Ruby Marten, Serge Mathot, Roy L. Mauldin, Wei Nie, Antti Onnela, Eva Partoll, Tuukka Petäjä, Joschka Pfeifer, Veronika Pospisilova, Lauriane L. J. Quéléver, Matti Rissanen, Siegfried Schobesberger, Simone Schuchmann, Yuri Stozhkov, Christian Tauber, Yee Jun Tham, António Tomé, Miguel Vazquez-Pufleau, Andrea C. Wagner, Robert Wagner, Yonghong Wang, Lena Weitz, Daniela Wimmer, Yusheng Wu, Chao Yan, Penglin Ye, Qing Ye, Qiaozhi Zha, Xueqin Zhou, Antonio Amorim, Ken Carslaw, Joachim Curtius, Armin Hansel, Rainer Volkamer, Paul M. Winkler, Richard C. Flagan, Markku Kulmala, Douglas R. Worsnop, Jasper Kirkby, Neil M. Donahue, Urs Baltensperger, Imad El Haddad, and Josef Dommen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 14275–14291, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14275-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14275-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Experiments at CLOUD show that in polluted environments new particle formation (NPF) is largely driven by the formation of sulfuric acid–base clusters, stabilized by amines, high ammonia concentrations or lower temperatures. While oxidation products of aromatics can nucleate, they play a minor role in urban NPF. Our experiments span 4 orders of magnitude variation of observed NPF rates in ambient conditions. We provide a framework based on NPF and growth rates to interpret ambient observations.
Zhuohui Lin, Yonghong Wang, Feixue Zheng, Ying Zhou, Yishuo Guo, Zemin Feng, Chang Li, Yusheng Zhang, Simo Hakala, Tommy Chan, Chao Yan, Kaspar R. Daellenbach, Biwu Chu, Lubna Dada, Juha Kangasluoma, Lei Yao, Xiaolong Fan, Wei Du, Jing Cai, Runlong Cai, Tom V. Kokkonen, Putian Zhou, Lili Wang, Tuukka Petäjä, Federico Bianchi, Veli-Matti Kerminen, Yongchun Liu, and Markku Kulmala
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 12173–12187, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-12173-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-12173-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We find that ammonium nitrate and aerosol water content contributed most during low mixing layer height conditions; this may further trigger enhanced formation of sulfate and organic aerosol via heterogeneous reactions. The results of this study contribute towards a more detailed understanding of the aerosol–chemistry–radiation–boundary layer feedback that is likely to be responsible for explosive aerosol mass growth events in urban Beijing.
Xiaolong Fan, Jing Cai, Chao Yan, Jian Zhao, Yishuo Guo, Chang Li, Kaspar R. Dällenbach, Feixue Zheng, Zhuohui Lin, Biwu Chu, Yonghong Wang, Lubna Dada, Qiaozhi Zha, Wei Du, Jenni Kontkanen, Theo Kurtén, Siddhart Iyer, Joni T. Kujansuu, Tuukka Petäjä, Douglas R. Worsnop, Veli-Matti Kerminen, Yongchun Liu, Federico Bianchi, Yee Jun Tham, Lei Yao, and Markku Kulmala
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 11437–11452, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11437-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11437-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We observed significant concentrations of gaseous HBr and HCl throughout the winter and springtime in urban Beijing, China. Our results indicate that gaseous HCl and HBr are most likely originated from anthropogenic emissions such as burning activities, and the gas–aerosol partitioning may play a crucial role in contributing to the gaseous HCl and HBr. These observations suggest that there is an important recycling pathway of halogen species in inland megacities.
Matthew Ozon, Aku Seppänen, Jari P. Kaipio, and Kari E. J. Lehtinen
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 3715–3739, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-3715-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-3715-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Experimental research has provided large amounts of high-quality data on aerosol over the last 2 decades. However, inference of the process rates (e.g., the rates at which particles are generated) is still typically done by simple curve-fitting methods and does not assess the credibility of the estimation. The devised method takes advantage of the Bayesian framework to not only retrieve the state of the observed aerosol system but also to estimate the process rates (e.g., growth rate).
Rima Baalbaki, Michael Pikridas, Tuija Jokinen, Tiia Laurila, Lubna Dada, Spyros Bezantakos, Lauri Ahonen, Kimmo Neitola, Anne Maisser, Elie Bimenyimana, Aliki Christodoulou, Florin Unga, Chrysanthos Savvides, Katrianne Lehtipalo, Juha Kangasluoma, George Biskos, Tuukka Petäjä, Veli-Matti Kerminen, Jean Sciare, and Markku Kulmala
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 9223–9251, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-9223-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-9223-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates new particle formation (NPF) in the less represented region of the Mediterranean basin using 1-year measurements of aerosol particles down to ~ 1 nm in diameter. We report a high frequency of NPF and give examples of interesting NPF features. We quantify the strength of NPF events by calculating formation rates and growth rates. We further unveil the atmospheric conditions and variables considered important for the intra-monthly and inter-monthly occurrence of NPF.
Janne Lampilahti, Katri Leino, Antti Manninen, Pyry Poutanen, Anna Franck, Maija Peltola, Paula Hietala, Lisa Beck, Lubna Dada, Lauriane Quéléver, Ronja Öhrnberg, Ying Zhou, Madeleine Ekblom, Ville Vakkari, Sergej Zilitinkevich, Veli-Matti Kerminen, Tuukka Petäjä, and Markku Kulmala
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 7901–7915, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7901-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7901-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Using airborne measurements we observed increased number concentrations of sub-25 nm particles in the upper residual layer. These particles may be entrained into the well-mixed boundary layer and observed at the surface. We attribute our observations to new particle formation in the topmost part of the residual layer.
Stephanie Bohlmann, Xiaoxia Shang, Ville Vakkari, Elina Giannakaki, Ari Leskinen, Kari E. J. Lehtinen, Sanna Pätsi, and Mika Komppula
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 7083–7097, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7083-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7083-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Measurements of the multi-wavelength Raman polarization lidar PollyXT and a Halo Photonics StreamLine Doppler lidar have been combined with measurements of pollen type and concentration using a traditional pollen trap at the rural forest site in Vehmasmäki, Finland. Depolarization ratios were measured at three wavelengths. High depolarization ratios were detected during an event with high birch and spruce pollen concentrations and a wavelength dependence of the depolarization ratio was observed.
Yishuo Guo, Chao Yan, Chang Li, Wei Ma, Zemin Feng, Ying Zhou, Zhuohui Lin, Lubna Dada, Dominik Stolzenburg, Rujing Yin, Jenni Kontkanen, Kaspar R. Daellenbach, Juha Kangasluoma, Lei Yao, Biwu Chu, Yonghong Wang, Runlong Cai, Federico Bianchi, Yongchun Liu, and Markku Kulmala
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 5499–5511, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5499-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5499-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Fog, cloud and haze are very common natural phenomena. Sulfuric acid (SA) is one of the key compounds forming those suspended particles, technically called aerosols, through gas-to-particle conversion. Therefore, the concentration level, source and sink of SA is very important. Our results show that ozonolysis of alkenes plays a major role in nighttime SA formation under unpolluted conditions in urban Beijing, and nighttime cluster mode particles are probably driven by SA in urban environments.
Antti Ruuskanen, Sami Romakkaniemi, Harri Kokkola, Antti Arola, Santtu Mikkonen, Harri Portin, Annele Virtanen, Kari E. J. Lehtinen, Mika Komppula, and Ari Leskinen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 1683–1695, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-1683-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-1683-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The study focuses mainly on cloud-scavenging efficiency of absorbing particulate matter (mainly black carbon) but additionally covers cloud-scavenging efficiency of scattering particles and statistics of cloud condensation nuclei. The main findings give insight into how black carbon is distributed in different particle sizes and the sensitivity to cloud scavenged. The main findings are useful for large-scale modelling for evaluating cloud scavenging.
Juan Andrés Casquero-Vera, Hassan Lyamani, Lubna Dada, Simo Hakala, Pauli Paasonen, Roberto Román, Roberto Fraile, Tuukka Petäjä, Francisco José Olmo-Reyes, and Lucas Alados-Arboledas
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 14253–14271, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-14253-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-14253-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
New particle formation was investigated at two stations located close to each other but at different altitudes: urban and high-altitude sites. Results show that sulfuric acid is able to explain a minimal fraction contribution to the observed growth rates and point to the availability of volatile organic compounds as the main factor controlling NPF events at both sites. A closer analysis of the NPF events that were observed at high-altitude sites during a Saharan dust episode was carried out.
Jing Cai, Biwu Chu, Lei Yao, Chao Yan, Liine M. Heikkinen, Feixue Zheng, Chang Li, Xiaolong Fan, Shaojun Zhang, Daoyuan Yang, Yonghong Wang, Tom V. Kokkonen, Tommy Chan, Ying Zhou, Lubna Dada, Yongchun Liu, Hong He, Pauli Paasonen, Joni T. Kujansuu, Tuukka Petäjä, Claudia Mohr, Juha Kangasluoma, Federico Bianchi, Yele Sun, Philip L. Croteau, Douglas R. Worsnop, Veli-Matti Kerminen, Wei Du, Markku Kulmala, and Kaspar R. Daellenbach
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 12721–12740, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-12721-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-12721-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
By applying both OA PMF and size PMF at the same urban measurement site in Beijing, similar particle source types, including vehicular emissions, cooking emissions and secondary formation-related sources, were resolved by both frameworks and agreed well. It is also found that in the absence of new particle formation, vehicular and cooking emissions dominate the particle number concentration, while secondary particulate matter governed PM2.5 mass during spring and summer in Beijing.
Martin Heinritzi, Lubna Dada, Mario Simon, Dominik Stolzenburg, Andrea C. Wagner, Lukas Fischer, Lauri R. Ahonen, Stavros Amanatidis, Rima Baalbaki, Andrea Baccarini, Paulus S. Bauer, Bernhard Baumgartner, Federico Bianchi, Sophia Brilke, Dexian Chen, Randall Chiu, Antonio Dias, Josef Dommen, Jonathan Duplissy, Henning Finkenzeller, Carla Frege, Claudia Fuchs, Olga Garmash, Hamish Gordon, Manuel Granzin, Imad El Haddad, Xucheng He, Johanna Helm, Victoria Hofbauer, Christopher R. Hoyle, Juha Kangasluoma, Timo Keber, Changhyuk Kim, Andreas Kürten, Houssni Lamkaddam, Tiia M. Laurila, Janne Lampilahti, Chuan Ping Lee, Katrianne Lehtipalo, Markus Leiminger, Huajun Mai, Vladimir Makhmutov, Hanna Elina Manninen, Ruby Marten, Serge Mathot, Roy Lee Mauldin, Bernhard Mentler, Ugo Molteni, Tatjana Müller, Wei Nie, Tuomo Nieminen, Antti Onnela, Eva Partoll, Monica Passananti, Tuukka Petäjä, Joschka Pfeifer, Veronika Pospisilova, Lauriane L. J. Quéléver, Matti P. Rissanen, Clémence Rose, Siegfried Schobesberger, Wiebke Scholz, Kay Scholze, Mikko Sipilä, Gerhard Steiner, Yuri Stozhkov, Christian Tauber, Yee Jun Tham, Miguel Vazquez-Pufleau, Annele Virtanen, Alexander L. Vogel, Rainer Volkamer, Robert Wagner, Mingyi Wang, Lena Weitz, Daniela Wimmer, Mao Xiao, Chao Yan, Penglin Ye, Qiaozhi Zha, Xueqin Zhou, Antonio Amorim, Urs Baltensperger, Armin Hansel, Markku Kulmala, António Tomé, Paul M. Winkler, Douglas R. Worsnop, Neil M. Donahue, Jasper Kirkby, and Joachim Curtius
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 11809–11821, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-11809-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-11809-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
With experiments performed at CLOUD, we show how isoprene interferes in monoterpene oxidation via RO2 termination at atmospherically relevant concentrations. This interference shifts the distribution of highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs) away from C20 class dimers towards C15 class dimers, which subsequently reduces both biogenic nucleation and early growth rates. Our results may help to understand the absence of new-particle formation in isoprene-rich environments.
Lubna Dada, Ilona Ylivinkka, Rima Baalbaki, Chang Li, Yishuo Guo, Chao Yan, Lei Yao, Nina Sarnela, Tuija Jokinen, Kaspar R. Daellenbach, Rujing Yin, Chenjuan Deng, Biwu Chu, Tuomo Nieminen, Yonghong Wang, Zhuohui Lin, Roseline C. Thakur, Jenni Kontkanen, Dominik Stolzenburg, Mikko Sipilä, Tareq Hussein, Pauli Paasonen, Federico Bianchi, Imre Salma, Tamás Weidinger, Michael Pikridas, Jean Sciare, Jingkun Jiang, Yongchun Liu, Tuukka Petäjä, Veli-Matti Kerminen, and Markku Kulmala
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 11747–11766, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-11747-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-11747-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We rely on sulfuric acid measurements in four contrasting environments, Hyytiälä, Finland; Agia Marina, Cyprus; Budapest, Hungary; and Beijing, China, representing semi-pristine boreal forest, rural environment in the Mediterranean area, urban environment, and heavily polluted megacity, respectively, in order to define the sources and sinks of sulfuric acid in these environments and to derive a new sulfuric acid proxy to be utilized in locations and during periods when it is not measured.
Jenni Kontkanen, Chenjuan Deng, Yueyun Fu, Lubna Dada, Ying Zhou, Jing Cai, Kaspar R. Daellenbach, Simo Hakala, Tom V. Kokkonen, Zhuohui Lin, Yongchun Liu, Yonghong Wang, Chao Yan, Tuukka Petäjä, Jingkun Jiang, Markku Kulmala, and Pauli Paasonen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 11329–11348, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-11329-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-11329-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
To estimate the impacts of atmospheric aerosol particles on air quality, knowledge of size distributions of particles emitted from anthropogenic sources is needed. We introduce a new method for determining size-resolved particle number emissions from measured particle size distributions. We apply our method to data measured in Beijing, China. We find that particle number emissions at our site are dominated by emissions of particles smaller than 30 nm, originating mainly from traffic.
Cited articles
Albrecht, B. A.: Aerosols, Cloud Microphysics, and Fractional Cloudiness,
Science, 245, 1227–1230, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.245.4923.1227, 1989.
Appel, B. R., Tokiwa, Y., Hsu, J., Kothny, E. L., and Hahn, E.: Visibility as
related to atmospheric aerosol constituents, Atmos. Environ., 19,
1525–1534, https://doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(85)90290-2, 1985.
Chambolle, A. and Pock, T.: A First-Order Primal-Dual Algorithm for Convex
Problems with Applications to Imaging, J. Math. Imaging Vis., 40,
120–145, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10851-010-0251-1, 2011.
Dada, L., Lehtipalo, K., Kontkanen, J., Nieminen, T., Baalbaki, R., Ahonen,
L., Duplissy, J., Yan, C., Chu, B., Petäjä, T., Lehtinen, K.,
Kerminen, V.-M., Kulmala, M., and Kangasluoma, J.: Formation and growth of
sub-3-nm aerosol particles in experimental chambers, Nat. Protoc., 15, 1013–1040,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41596-019-0274-z, 2020.
Daellenbach, K. R., Uzu, G., Jiang, J., Cassagnes, L.-E., Leni, Z., Vlachou,
A., Stefenelli, G., Canonaco, F., Weber, S., Segers, A., Kuenen, J. J. P.,
Schaap, M., Favez, O., Albinet, A., Aksoyoglu, S., Dommen, J.,
Baltensperger, U., Geiser, M., El Haddad, I., Jaffrezo, J.-L., and
Prévôt, A. S. H.: Sources of particulate-matter air pollution and
its oxidative potential in Europe, Nature, 587, 414–419,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2902-8, 2020.
Duplissy, J., Merikanto, J., Franchin, A., Tsagkogeorgas, G., Kangasluoma,
J., Wimmer, D., Vuollekoski, H., Schobesberger, S., Lehtipalo, K., Flagan,
R. C., Brus, D., Donahue, N. M., Vehkamäki, H., Almeida, J., Amorim, A.,
Barmet, P., Bianchi, F., Breitenlechner, M., Dunne, E. M., Guida, R.,
Henschel, H., Junninen, H., Kirkby, J., Kürten, A., Kupc, A.,
Määttänen, A., Makhmutov, V., Mathot, S., Nieminen, T., Onnela,
A., Praplan, A. P., Riccobono, F., Rondo, L., Steiner, G., Tome, A.,
Walther, H., Baltensperger, U., Carslaw, K. S., Dommen, J., Hansel, A.,
Petäjä, T., Sipilä, M., Stratmann, F., Vrtala, A., Wagner, P.
E., Worsnop, D. R., Curtius, J., and Kulmala, M.: Effect of ions on sulfuric
acid-water binary particle formation: 2. Experimental data and comparison
with QC-normalized classical nucleation theory, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.,
121, 1752–1775, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JD023539, 2016.
Fiebig, M., Stein, C., Schröder, F., Feldpausch, P., and Petzold, A.:
Inversion of data containing information on the aerosol particle size
distribution using multiple instruments, J. Aerosol Sci., 36,
1353–1372, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2005.01.004, 2005.
Gelb, A.: Applied optimal estimation, MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts,
1974.
He, X.-C., Iyer, S., Sipilä, M., Ylisirniö, A., Peltola, M.,
Kontkanen, J., Baalbaki, R., Simon, M., Kürten, A., Tham, Y. J.,
Pesonen, J., Ahonen, L. R., Amanatidis, S., Amorim, A., Baccarini, A., Beck,
L., Bianchi, F., Brilke, S., Chen, D., Chiu, R., Curtius, J., Dada, L.,
Dias, A., Dommen, J., Donahue, N. M., Duplissy, J., El Haddad, I.,
Finkenzeller, H., Fischer, L., Heinritzi, M., Hofbauer, V., Kangasluoma, J.,
Kim, C., Koenig, T. K., Kubečka, J., Kvashnin, A., Lamkaddam, H., Lee,
C. P., Leiminger, M., Li, Z., Makhmutov, V., Xiao, M., Marten, R., Nie, W.,
Onnela, A., Partoll, E., Petäjä, T., Salo, V.-T., Schuchmann, S.,
Steiner, G., Stolzenburg, D., Stozhkov, Y., Tauber, C., Tomé, A.,
Väisänen, O., Vazquez-Pufleau, M., Volkamer, R., Wagner, A. C.,
Wang, M., Wang, Y., Wimmer, D., Winkler, P. M., Worsnop, D. R., Wu, Y., Yan,
C., Ye, Q., Lehtinen, K., Nieminen, T., Manninen, H. E., Rissanen, M.,
Schobesberger, S., Lehtipalo, K., Baltensperger, U., Hansel, A., Kerminen,
V.-M., Flagan, R. C., Kirkby, J., Kurtén, T., and Kulmala, M.:
Determination of the collision rate coefficient between charged iodic acid
clusters and iodic acid using the appearance time method, Aerosol Sci.
Tech., 55, 231–242, https://doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2020.1839013, 2020.
He, X.-C., Tham, Y. J., Dada, L., et al.: Role of iodine oxoacids in atmospheric aerosol
nucleation, Science, 371, 589–595, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abe0298, 2021.
Heinritzi, M., Dada, L., Simon, M., Stolzenburg, D., Wagner, A. C., Fischer,
L., Ahonen, L. R., Amanatidis, S., Baalbaki, R., Baccarini, A., Bauer, P.
S., Baumgartner, B., Bianchi, F., Brilke, S., Chen, D., Chiu, R., Dias, A.,
Dommen, J., Duplissy, J., Finkenzeller, H., Frege, C., Fuchs, C., Garmash,
O., Gordon, H., Granzin, M., El Haddad, I., He, X., Helm, J., Hofbauer, V.,
Hoyle, C. R., Kangasluoma, J., Keber, T., Kim, C., Kürten, A.,
Lamkaddam, H., Laurila, T. M., Lampilahti, J., Lee, C. P., Lehtipalo, K.,
Leiminger, M., Mai, H., Makhmutov, V., Manninen, H. E., Marten, R., Mathot,
S., Mauldin, R. L., Mentler, B., Molteni, U., Müller, T., Nie, W.,
Nieminen, T., Onnela, A., Partoll, E., Passananti, M., Petäjä, T.,
Pfeifer, J., Pospisilova, V., Quéléver, L. L. J., Rissanen, M. P.,
Rose, C., Schobesberger, S., Scholz, W., Scholze, K., Sipilä, M.,
Steiner, G., Stozhkov, Y., Tauber, C., Tham, Y. J., Vazquez-Pufleau, M.,
Virtanen, A., Vogel, A. L., Volkamer, R., Wagner, R., Wang, M., Weitz, L.,
Wimmer, D., Xiao, M., Yan, C., Ye, P., Zha, Q., Zhou, X., Amorim, A.,
Baltensperger, U., Hansel, A., Kulmala, M., Tomé, A., Winkler, P. M.,
Worsnop, D. R., Donahue, N. M., Kirkby, J., and Curtius, J.: Molecular
understanding of the suppression of new-particle formation by isoprene,
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 11809–11821, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-11809-2020,
2020.
Henze, D. K., Seinfeld, J. H., Liao, W., Sandu, A., and Carmichael, G. R.:
Inverse modeling of aerosol dynamics: Condensational growth, J. Geophys.
Res.-Atmos., 109, D14201, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JD004593, 2004.
Kaipio, J. and Somersalo, E.: Statistical and Computational Inverse
Problems, Springer-Verlag, New York, 2005.
Kallinger, P. and Szymanski, W. W.: Experimental determination of the
steady-state charging probabilities and particle size conservation in
non-radioactive and radioactive bipolar aerosol chargers in the size range
of 5-40 nm, J. Nanopart. Res., 17, 171, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-015-2981-x,
2015.
Kandlikar, M. and Ramachandran, G.: Inverse methods for analysing aerosol
spectrometer measurements: a critical review, J. Aerosol Sci., 30,
413–437, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-8502(98)00066-4, 1999.
Kangasluoma, J., Cai, R., Jiang, J., Deng, C., Stolzenburg, D., Ahonen, L.
R., Chan, T., Fu, Y., Kim, C., Laurila, T. M., Zhou, Y., Dada, L., Sulo, J.,
Flagan, R. C., Kulmala, M., Petäjä, T., and Lehtipalo, K.: Overview
of measurements and current instrumentation for 1–10 nm aerosol particle
number size distributions, J. Aerosol Sci., 148, 105584,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2020.105584, 2020.
Kirkby, J., Curtius, J., Almeida, J., Dunne, E., Duplissy, J., Ehrhart, S.,
Franchin, A., Gagné, S., Ickes, L., Kürten, A., Kupc, A., Metzger,
A., Riccobono, F., Rondo, L., Schobesberger, S., Tsagkogeorgas, G., Wimmer,
D., Amorim, A., Bianchi, F., Breitenlechner, M., David, A., Dommen, J.,
Downard, A., Ehn, M., Flagan, R. C., Haider, S., Hansel, A., Hauser, D.,
Jud, W., Junninen, H., Kreissl, F., Kvashin, A., Laaksonen, A., Lehtipalo,
K., Lima, J., Lovejoy, E. R., Makhmutov, V., Mathot, S., Mikkilä, J.,
Minginette, P., Mogo, S., Nieminen, T., Onnela, A., Pereira, P.,
Petäjä, T., Schnitzhofer, R., Seinfeld, J. H., Sipilä, M.,
Stozhkov, Y., Stratmann, F., Tomé, A., Vanhanen, J., Viisanen, Y.,
Vrtala, A., Wagner, P. E., Walther, H., Weingartner, E., Wex, H., Winkler,
P. M., Carslaw, K. S., Worsnop, D. R., Baltensperger, U., and Kulmala, M.:
Role of sulphuric acid, ammonia and galactic cosmic rays in atmospheric
aerosol nucleation, Nature, 476, 429–433, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10343, 2011.
Kirkby, J., Duplissy, J., Sengupta, K., Frege, C., Gordon, H., Williamson,
C., Heinritzi, M., Simon, M., Yan, C., Almeida, J., Tröstl, J.,
Nieminen, T., Ortega, I. K., Wagner, R., Adamov, A., Amorim, A., Bernhammer,
A.-K., Bianchi, F., Breitenlechner, M., Brilke, S., Chen, X., Craven, J.,
Dias, A., Ehrhart, S., Flagan, R. C., Franchin, A., Fuchs, C., Guida, R.,
Hakala, J., Hoyle, C. R., Jokinen, T., Junninen, H., Kangasluoma, J., Kim,
J., Krapf, M., Kürten, A., Laaksonen, A., Lehtipalo, K., Makhmutov, V.,
Mathot, S., Molteni, U., Onnela, A., Peräkylä, O., Piel, F.,
Petäjä, T., Praplan, A. P., Pringle, K., Rap, A., Richards, N. A.
D., Riipinen, I., Rissanen, M. P., Rondo, L., Sarnela, N., Schobesberger,
S., Scott, C. E., Seinfeld, J. H., Sipilä, M., Steiner, G., Stozhkov,
Y., Stratmann, F., Tomé, A., Virtanen, A., Vogel, A. L., Wagner, A. C.,
Wagner, P. E., Weingartner, E., Wimmer, D., Winkler, P. M., Ye, P., Zhang,
X., Hansel, A., Dommen, J., Donahue, N. M., Worsnop, D. R., Baltensperger,
U., Kulmala, M., Carslaw, K. S., and Curtius, J.: Ion-induced nucleation of
pure biogenic particles, Nature, 533, 521–526, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature17953,
2016.
Kuang, C., Chen, M., Zhao, J., Smith, J., McMurry, P. H., and Wang, J.: Size
and time-resolved growth rate measurements of 1 to 5 nm freshly formed
atmospheric nuclei, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 3573–3589,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-3573-2012, 2012.
Kulmala, M., Petäjä, T., Nieminen, T., Sipilä, M., Manninen, H.
E., Lehtipalo, K., Dal Maso, M., Aalto, P. P., Junninen, H., Paasonen, P.,
Riipinen, I., Lehtinen, K. E. J., Laaksonen, A., and Kerminen, V.-M.:
Measurement of the nucleation of atmospheric aerosol particles, Nat.
Protoc., 7, 1651–1667, https://doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2012.091, 2012.
Kupiainen-Määttä, O.: A Monte Carlo approach for determining
cluster evaporation rates from concentration measurements, Atmos. Chem.
Phys., 16, 14585–14598, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-14585-2016, 2016.
Kürten, A., Williamson, C., Almeida, J., Kirkby, J., and Curtius, J.: On
the derivation of particle nucleation rates from experimental formation
rates, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 4063–4075, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-4063-2015,
2015.
Kürten, A., Li, C., Bianchi, F., Curtius, J., Dias, A., Donahue, N. M.,
Duplissy, J., Flagan, R. C., Hakala, J., Jokinen, T., Kirkby, J., Kulmala,
M., Laaksonen, A., Lehtipalo, K., Makhmutov, V., Onnela, A., Rissanen, M.
P., Simon, M., Sipilä, M., Stozhkov, Y., Tröstl, J., Ye, P., and
McMurry, P. H.: New particle formation in the sulfuric
acid–dimethylamine–water system: reevaluation of CLOUD chamber
measurements and comparison to an aerosol nucleation and growth model,
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 845–863, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-845-2018, 2018.
Lehtinen, K. E. J. and Kulmala, M.: A model for particle formation and
growth in the atmosphere with molecular resolution in size, Atmos. Chem.
Phys., 3, 251–257, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-3-251-2003, 2003.
Lehtinen, K. E. J., Rannik, Ü., Petäjä, T., Kulmala, M., and
Hari, P.: Nucleation rate and vapor concentration estimations using a least
squares aerosol dynamics method, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 109, D21209,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JD004893, 2004.
Lehtipalo, K., Leppä, J., Kontkanen, J., Kangasluoma, J., Franchin, A.,
Wimmer, D., Schobesberger, S., Junninen, H., Petäjä, T., Sipilä,
M., Mikkilä, J., Vanhanen, J., Worsnop, D. R., and Kulmala, M.: Methods
for determining particle size distribution and growth rates between 1 and 3
nm using the Particle Size Magnifier, Boreal Environ. Res., 19,
215–236, 2014.
McGuffin, D. L., Huang, Y., Flagan, R. C., Petäjä, T., Ydstie, B. E., and Adams, P. J.: Novel estimation of aerosol processes with particle size distribution measurements: a case study with the TOMAS algorithm v1.0.0, Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 1821–1839, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-1821-2021, 2021.
Nieminen, T., Lehtinen, K. E. J., and Kulmala, M.: Sub-10 nm particle growth
by vapor condensation – effects of vapor molecule size and particle thermal
speed, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 9773–9779, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-9773-2010,
2010.
Nieminen, T., Kerminen, V.-M., Petäjä, T., Aalto, P. P., Arshinov,
M., Asmi, E., Baltensperger, U., Beddows, D. C. S., Beukes, J. P., Collins,
D., Ding, A., Harrison, R. M., Henzing, B., Hooda, R., Hu, M., Hõrrak,
U., Kivekäs, N., Komsaare, K., Krejci, R., Kristensson, A., Laakso, L.,
Laaksonen, A., Leaitch, W. R., Lihavainen, H., Mihalopoulos, N., Németh,
Z., Nie, W., O'Dowd, C., Salma, I., Sellegri, K., Svenningsson, B.,
Swietlicki, E., Tunved, P., Ulevicius, V., Vakkari, V., Vana, M.,
Wiedensohler, A., Wu, Z., Virtanen, A., and Kulmala, M.: Global analysis of
continental boundary layer new particle formation based on long-term
measurements, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 14737–14756,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-14737-2018, 2018.
Ozon, M., Seppänen, A., Kaipio, J. P., and Lehtinen, K. E. J.: Retrieval of process rate parameters in the general dynamic equation for aerosols using Bayesian state estimation: BAYROSOL1.0, Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 3715–3739, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-3715-2021, 2021a.
Ozon, M., Stolzenburg, D., and Dada, L.: BAYROSOL, Zenodo [data set], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450492,
Last access: 19 August 2021b.
Paasonen, P., Peltola, M., Kontkanen, J., Junninen, H., Kerminen, V.-M., and
Kulmala, M.: Comprehensive analysis of particle growth rates from nucleation
mode to cloud condensation nuclei in boreal forest, Atmos. Chem. Phys.,
18, 12085–12103, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-12085-2018, 2018.
Pichelstorfer, L., Stolzenburg, D., Ortega, J., Karl, T., Kokkola, H.,
Laakso, A., Lehtinen, K. E. J., Smith, J. N., McMurry, P. H., and Winkler, P.
M.: Resolving nanoparticle growth mechanisms from size- and time-dependent
growth rate analysis, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 1307–1323,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-1307-2018, 2018.
Pope, C. A. and Dockery, D. W.: Health Effects of Fine Particulate Air
Pollution: Lines that Connect, J. Air Waste Manag., 56, 709–742,
https://doi.org/10.1080/10473289.2006.10464485, 2006.
Sandu, A., Liao, W., Carmichael, G. R., Henze, D. K., and Seinfeld, J. H.:
Inverse Modeling of Aerosol Dynamics Using Adjoints: Theoretical and
Numerical Considerations, Aerosol Sci. Tech., 39, 677–694,
https://doi.org/10.1080/02786820500182289, 2005.
Särkkä, S.: Bayesian Filtering and Smoothing, Cambridge University
Press, Cambridge, 2013.
Seinfeld, J. and Pandis, S.: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics: From Air
Pollution to Climate Change, 3rd Edn., Wiley, 2016.
Shcherbacheva, A., Balehowsky, T., Kubečka, J., Olenius, T., Helin, T., Haario, H., Laine, M., Kurtén, T., and Vehkamäki, H.: Identification of molecular cluster evaporation rates, cluster formation enthalpies and entropies by Monte Carlo method, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 15867–15906, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-15867-2020, 2020.
Shen, J., Shu, C., and Zhang, M.: High Resolution Schemes for a Hierarchical
Size-Structured Model, SIAM J. Numer. Anal., 45, 352–370,
https://doi.org/10.1137/050638126, 2007.
Simon, M., Dada, L., Heinritzi, M., Scholz, W., Stolzenburg, D., Fischer,
L., Wagner, A. C., Kürten, A., Rörup, B., He, X.-C., Almeida, J.,
Baalbaki, R., Baccarini, A., Bauer, P. S., Beck, L., Bergen, A., Bianchi,
F., Bräkling, S., Brilke, S., Caudillo, L., Chen, D., Chu, B., Dias, A.,
Draper, D. C., Duplissy, J., El-Haddad, I., Finkenzeller, H., Frege, C.,
Gonzalez-Carracedo, L., Gordon, H., Granzin, M., Hakala, J., Hofbauer, V.,
Hoyle, C. R., Kim, C., Kong, W., Lamkaddam, H., Lee, C. P., Lehtipalo, K.,
Leiminger, M., Mai, H., Manninen, H. E., Marie, G., Marten, R., Mentler, B.,
Molteni, U., Nichman, L., Nie, W., Ojdanic, A., Onnela, A., Partoll, E.,
Petäjä, T., Pfeifer, J., Philippov, M., Quéléver, L. L. J.,
Ranjithkumar, A., Rissanen, M. P., Schallhart, S., Schobesberger, S.,
Schuchmann, S., Shen, J., Sipilä, M., Steiner, G., Stozhkov, Y., Tauber,
C., Tham, Y. J., Tomé, A. R., Vazquez-Pufleau, M., Vogel, A. L., Wagner,
R., Wang, M., Wang, D. S., Wang, Y., Weber, S. K., Wu, Y., Xiao, M., Yan,
C., Ye, P., Ye, Q., Zauner-Wieczorek, M., Zhou, X., Baltensperger, U.,
Dommen, J., Flagan, R. C., Hansel, A., Kulmala, M., Volkamer, R., Winkler,
P. M., Worsnop, D. R., Donahue, N. M., Kirkby, J., and Curtius, J.: Molecular
understanding of new-particle formation from alpha-pinene between −50 and
+25 ∘C, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 9183–9207,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-9183-2020, 2020.
Sipilä, M., Sarnela, N., Jokinen, T., Henschel, H., Junninen, H.,
Kontkanen, J., Richters, S., Kangasluoma, J., Franchin, A.,
Peräkylä, O., Rissanen, M. P., Ehn, M., Vehkamäki, H., Kurten,
T., Berndt, T., Petäjä, T., Worsnop, D., Ceburnis, D., Kerminen,
V.-M., Kulmala, M., and O'Dowd, C.: Molecular-scale evidence of aerosol
particle formation via sequential addition of HIO3, Nature, 537, 532,
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature19314, 2016.
Smolarkiewicz, P. K.: A fully multidimensional positive definite advection
transport algorithm with small implicit diffusion, J. Comput. Phys., 54,
325–362, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9991(84)90121-9, 1984.
Stolzenburg, D., Steiner, G., and Winkler, P. M.: A DMA-train for precision
measurement of sub-10 nm aerosol dynamics, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 10,
1639–1651, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-1639-2017, 2017.
Stolzenburg, D., Fischer, L., Vogel, A. L., Heinritzi, M., Schervish, M.,
Simon, M., Wagner, A. C., Dada, L., Ahonen, L. R., Amorim, A., Baccarini,
A., Bauer, P. S., Baumgartner, B., Bergen, A., Bianchi, F., Breitenlechner,
M., Brilke, S., Buenrostro Mazon, S., Chen, D., Dias, A., Draper, D. C.,
Duplissy, J., El Haddad, I., Finkenzeller, H., Frege, C., Fuchs, C.,
Garmash, O., Gordon, H., He, X., Helm, J., Hofbauer, V., Hoyle, C. R., Kim,
C., Kirkby, J., Kontkanen, J., Kürten, A., Lampilahti, J., Lawler, M.,
Lehtipalo, K., Leiminger, M., Mai, H., Mathot, S., Mentler, B., Molteni, U.,
Nie, W., Nieminen, T., Nowak, J. B., Ojdanic, A., Onnela, A., Passananti,
M., Petäjä, T., Quéléver, L. L. J., Rissanen, M. P.,
Sarnela, N., Schallhart, S., Tauber, C., Tomé, A., Wagner, R., Wang, M.,
Weitz, L., Wimmer, D., Xiao, M., Yan, C., Ye, P., Zha, Q., Baltensperger,
U., Curtius, J., Dommen, J., Flagan, R. C., Kulmala, M., Smith, J. N.,
Worsnop, D. R., Hansel, A., Donahue, N. M., and Winkler, P. M.: Rapid growth
of organic aerosol nanoparticles over a wide tropospheric temperature range,
P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 115, 9122–9127, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1807604115,
2018.
Stolzenburg, D., Simon, M., Ranjithkumar, A., Kürten, A., Lehtipalo, K.,
Gordon, H., Ehrhart, S., Finkenzeller, H., Pichelstorfer, L., Nieminen, T.,
He, X.-C., Brilke, S., Xiao, M., Amorim, A., Baalbaki, R., Baccarini, A.,
Beck, L., Bräkling, S., Caudillo Murillo, L., Chen, D., Chu, B., Dada,
L., Dias, A., Dommen, J., Duplissy, J., El Haddad, I., Fischer, L., Gonzalez
Carracedo, L., Heinritzi, M., Kim, C., Koenig, T. K., Kong, W., Lamkaddam,
H., Lee, C. P., Leiminger, M., Li, Z., Makhmutov, V., Manninen, H. E.,
Marie, G., Marten, R., Müller, T., Nie, W., Partoll, E., Petäjä,
T., Pfeifer, J., Philippov, M., Rissanen, M. P., Rörup, B.,
Schobesberger, S., Schuchmann, S., Shen, J., Sipilä, M., Steiner, G.,
Stozhkov, Y., Tauber, C., Tham, Y. J., Tomé, A., Vazquez-Pufleau, M.,
Wagner, A. C., Wang, M., Wang, Y., Weber, S. K., Wimmer, D., Wlasits, P. J.,
Wu, Y., Ye, Q., Zauner-Wieczorek, M., Baltensperger, U., Carslaw, K. S.,
Curtius, J., Donahue, N. M., Flagan, R. C., Hansel, A., Kulmala, M.,
Lelieveld, J., Volkamer, R., Kirkby, J., and Winkler, P. M.: Enhanced growth
rate of atmospheric particles from sulfuric acid, Atmos. Chem. Phys.,
20, 7359–7372, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-7359-2020, 2020.
Stolzenburg, M. R. and McMurry, P. H.: Equations Governing Single and Tandem
DMA Configurations and a New Lognormal Approximation to the Transfer
Function, Aerosol Sci. Tech., 42, 421–432, https://doi.org/10.1080/02786820802157823,
2008.
Tauber, C., Schmoll, D., Gruenwald, J., Brilke, S., Wlasits, P. J., Winkler,
P. M., and Wimmer, D.: Characterization of a Non-Thermal Plasma Source for
the Use as a Mass Spec Calibration Tool and Non-Radioactive Aerosol Charger,
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 5993–6006, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-5993-2020, 2020.
Tröstl, J., Chuang, W. K., Gordon, H., Heinritzi, M., Yan, C., Molteni,
U., Ahlm, L., Frege, C., Bianchi, F., Wagner, R., Simon, M., Lehtipalo, K.,
Williamson, C., Craven, J. S., Duplissy, J., Adamov, A., Almeida, J.,
Bernhammer, A.-K., Breitenlechner, M., Brilke, S., Dias, A., Ehrhart, S.,
Flagan, R. C., Franchin, A., Fuchs, C., Guida, R., Gysel, M., Hansel, A.,
Hoyle, C. R., Jokinen, T., Junninen, H., Kangasluoma, J., Keskinen, H., Kim,
J., Krapf, M., Kürten, A., Laaksonen, A., Lawler, M., Leiminger, M.,
Mathot, S., Möhler, O., Nieminen, T., Onnela, A., Petäjä, T.,
Piel, F. M., Miettinen, P., Rissanen, M. P., Rondo, L., Sarnela, N.,
Schobesberger, S., Sengupta, K., Sipilä, M., Smith, J. N., Steiner, G.,
Tomè, A., Virtanen, A., Wagner, A. C., Weingartner, E., Wimmer, D.,
Winkler, P. M., Ye, P., Carslaw, K. S., Curtius, J., Dommen, J., Kirkby, J.,
Kulmala, M., Riipinen, I., Worsnop, D. R., Donahue, N. M., and Baltensperger,
U.: The role of low-volatility organic compounds in initial particle growth
in the atmosphere, Nature, 533, 527–531, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature18271, 2016.
Twomey, S.: Pollution and the planetary albedo, Atmos. Environ., 8,
1251–1256, https://doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(74)90004-3, 1974.
Verheggen, B. and Mozurkewich, M.: An inverse modeling procedure to
determine particle growth and nucleation rates from measured aerosol size
distributions, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 2927–2942,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-2927-2006, 2006.
Viskari, T., Asmi, E., Kolmonen, P., Vuollekoski, H., Petäjä, T., and
Järvinen, H.: Estimation of aerosol particle number distributions with
Kalman Filtering – Part 1: Theory, general aspects and statistical
validity, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 11767–11779,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-11767-2012, 2012.
Voutilainen, A. and Kaipio, J. P.: Estimation of non-stationary aerosol size
distributions using the state-space approach, J. Aerosol Sci., 32,
631–648, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-8502(00)00110-5, 2001.
Wiedensohler, A.: An approximation of the bipolar charge distribution for
particles in the submicron size range, J. Aerosol Sci., 19, 387–389,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-8502(88)90278-9, 1988.
Wlasits, P. J., Stolzenburg, D., Tauber, C., Brilke, S., Schmitt, S. H.,
Winkler, P. M., and Wimmer, D.: Counting on chemistry: laboratory evaluation
of seed-material-dependent detection efficiencies of ultrafine condensation
particle counters, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 3787–3798,
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-3787-2020, 2020.
Wolfenbarger, J. K. and Seinfeld, J. H.: Inversion of aerosol size
distribution data, J. Aerosol Sci., 21, 227–247,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-8502(90)90007-K, 1990.
Short summary
Measuring the rate at which aerosol particles are formed is of importance for understanding climate change. We present an analysis method based on Kalman smoothing, which retrieves new particle formation and growth rates from size-distribution measurements. We apply it to atmospheric simulation chamber experiments and show that it agrees well with traditional methods. In addition, it provides reliable uncertainty estimates, and we suggest instrument design optimisation for signal processing.
Measuring the rate at which aerosol particles are formed is of importance for understanding...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint