Articles | Volume 17, issue 21
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-13233-2017
© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-13233-2017
© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Review article
| 
08 Nov 2017
Review article |
| 08 Nov 2017
Atmospheric pollution over the eastern Mediterranean during summer – a review
Uri Dayan
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Geography, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
Philippe Ricaud
CNRM, Météo-France, CNRS UMR3589, Toulouse, France
Régina Zbinden
CNRM, Météo-France, CNRS UMR3589, Toulouse, France
François Dulac
Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (IPSL-LSCE), CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
Related authors
Baruch Ziv, Uri Dayan, Lidiya Shendrik, and Elyakom Vadislavsky
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 3267–3277, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-3267-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-3267-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The train effect is related to convective cells that pass over the same place. Trains produce heavy rainfall and sometimes floods and are reported in North America during spring and summer. In Israel, 17 trains associated with Cyprus lows were identified by radar images and were found within the cold sector south of the low center and in the left flank of a maximum wind belt; they cross the Israeli coast, with a mean length of 45 km; last 1–3 h; and yield 35 mm of rainfall up to 60 mm.
Uri Dayan, Itamar M. Lensky, Baruch Ziv, and Pavel Khain
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 1583–1597, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-1583-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-1583-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
An intense rainstorm hit the Middle East between 24 and 27 April 2018. The storm reached its peak over Israel on 26 April when a heavy flash flood took the lives of 10 people. The rainfall was comparable to the long-term annual rainfall in the southern Negev. The timing was the end of the rainy season when rain is rare and spotty. The study analyses the dynamic and thermodynamic conditions that made this rainstorm one of the latest spring severe events in the region during the last 3 decades.
U. Dayan, K. Nissen, and U. Ulbrich
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 2525–2544, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-2525-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-2525-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
This review discusses published studies analyzing the atmospheric conditions that induce extreme precipitation over the eastern and western Mediterranean regions. It presents a systematic description of the interlacing role of several atmospheric processes of different scales - local, meso, and synoptic - that enable the development of torrential rains.
Baruch Ziv, Uri Dayan, Lidiya Shendrik, and Elyakom Vadislavsky
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 3267–3277, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-3267-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-3267-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The train effect is related to convective cells that pass over the same place. Trains produce heavy rainfall and sometimes floods and are reported in North America during spring and summer. In Israel, 17 trains associated with Cyprus lows were identified by radar images and were found within the cold sector south of the low center and in the left flank of a maximum wind belt; they cross the Israeli coast, with a mean length of 45 km; last 1–3 h; and yield 35 mm of rainfall up to 60 mm.
Philippe Ricaud, Pierre Durand, Paolo Grigioni, Massimo Del Guasta, Giuseppe Camporeale, Axel Roy, Jean-Luc Attié, and John Bognar
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 5071–5089, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-5071-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-5071-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Clouds in Antarctica are key elements affecting climate evolution. Some clouds are composed of supercooled liquid water (SLW; water held in liquid form below 0 °C) and are difficult to forecast by models. We performed in situ observations of SLW clouds at Concordia Station using SLW sondes attached to meteorological balloons in summer 2021–2022. The SLW clouds were observed in a saturated layer at the top of the planetary boundary layer in agreement with ground-based lidar observations.
Philippe Ricaud, Massimo Del Guasta, Angelo Lupi, Romain Roehrig, Eric Bazile, Pierre Durand, Jean-Luc Attié, Alessia Nicosia, and Paolo Grigioni
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 613–630, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-613-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-613-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Clouds affect the Earth's climate in ways that depend on the type of cloud (solid/liquid water). From observations at Concordia (Antarctica), we show that in supercooled liquid water (liquid water for temperatures below 0°C) clouds (SLWCs), temperature and SLWC radiative forcing increase with liquid water (up to 70 W m−2). We extrapolated that the maximum SLWC radiative forcing can reach 40 W m−2 over the Antarctic Peninsula, highlighting the importance of SLWCs for global climate prediction.
Karine Desboeufs, Franck Fu, Matthieu Bressac, Antonio Tovar-Sánchez, Sylvain Triquet, Jean-François Doussin, Chiara Giorio, Patrick Chazette, Julie Disnaquet, Anaïs Feron, Paola Formenti, Franck Maisonneuve, Araceli Rodríguez-Romero, Pascal Zapf, François Dulac, and Cécile Guieu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 2309–2332, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2309-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2309-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This article reports the first concurrent sampling of wet deposition samples and surface seawater and was performed during the PEACETIME cruise in the remote Mediterranean (May–June 2017). Through the chemical composition of trace metals (TMs) in these samples, it emphasizes the decrease of atmospheric metal pollution in this area during the last few decades and the critical role of wet deposition as source of TMs for Mediterranean surface seawater, especially for intense dust deposition events.
Matthieu Bressac, Thibaut Wagener, Nathalie Leblond, Antonio Tovar-Sánchez, Céline Ridame, Vincent Taillandier, Samuel Albani, Sophie Guasco, Aurélie Dufour, Stéphanie H. M. Jacquet, François Dulac, Karine Desboeufs, and Cécile Guieu
Biogeosciences, 18, 6435–6453, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6435-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6435-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Phytoplankton growth is limited by the availability of iron in about 50 % of the ocean. Atmospheric deposition of desert dust represents a key source of iron. Here, we present direct observations of dust deposition in the Mediterranean Sea. A key finding is that the input of iron from dust primarily occurred in the deep ocean, while previous studies mainly focused on the ocean surface. This new insight will enable us to better represent controls on global marine productivity in models.
Isabelle Chiapello, Paola Formenti, Lydie Mbemba Kabuiku, Fabrice Ducos, Didier Tanré, and François Dulac
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 12715–12737, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-12715-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-12715-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The Mediterranean atmosphere is impacted by a variety of particle pollution, which exerts a complex pressure on climate and air quality. We analyze the 2005–2013 POLDER-3 satellite advanced aerosol data set over the Western Mediterranean Sea. Aerosols' spatial distribution and temporal evolution suggests a large-scale improvement of air quality related to the fine aerosol component, most probably resulting from reduction of anthropogenic particle emissions in the surrounding European countries.
Uri Dayan, Itamar M. Lensky, Baruch Ziv, and Pavel Khain
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 1583–1597, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-1583-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-1583-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
An intense rainstorm hit the Middle East between 24 and 27 April 2018. The storm reached its peak over Israel on 26 April when a heavy flash flood took the lives of 10 people. The rainfall was comparable to the long-term annual rainfall in the southern Negev. The timing was the end of the rainy season when rain is rare and spotty. The study analyses the dynamic and thermodynamic conditions that made this rainstorm one of the latest spring severe events in the region during the last 3 decades.
Iris-Amata Dion, Cyrille Dallet, Philippe Ricaud, Fabien Carminati, Thibaut Dauhut, and Peter Haynes
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 2191–2210, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2191-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2191-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Ice in the tropopause has a strong radiative effect on climate. The amount of ice injected (∆IWC) up to the tropical tropopause layer has been shown to be the highest over the Maritime Continent (MC), a region that includes Indonesia. ∆IWC is studied over islands and sea of the MC. Space-borne observations of ice, precipitation and lightning are used to estimate ∆IWC and are compared to ∆IWC estimated from the ERA5 reanalyses. It is shown that Java is the area of the greatest ∆IWC over the MC.
Cécile Debevec, Stéphane Sauvage, Valérie Gros, Thérèse Salameh, Jean Sciare, François Dulac, and Nadine Locoge
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 1449–1484, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-1449-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-1449-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides a better characterization of the seasonal variations in VOC sources impacting the western Mediterranean region, based on a comprehensive chemical composition measured over 25 months at a representative receptor site (Ersa) and by determining factors controlling their temporal variations. Some insights into dominant drivers for VOC concentration variations in Europe are also provided, built on comparisons of Ersa observations with the concomitant ones of 17 European sites.
Cécile Guieu, Fabrizio D'Ortenzio, François Dulac, Vincent Taillandier, Andrea Doglioli, Anne Petrenko, Stéphanie Barrillon, Marc Mallet, Pierre Nabat, and Karine Desboeufs
Biogeosciences, 17, 5563–5585, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5563-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5563-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We describe here the objectives and strategy of the PEACETIME project and cruise, dedicated to dust deposition and its impacts in the Mediterranean Sea. Our strategy to go a step further forward than in previous approaches in understanding these impacts by catching a real deposition event at sea is detailed. We summarize the work performed at sea, the type of data acquired and their valorization in the papers published in the special issue.
Philippe Ricaud, Massimo Del Guasta, Eric Bazile, Niramson Azouz, Angelo Lupi, Pierre Durand, Jean-Luc Attié, Dana Veron, Vincent Guidard, and Paolo Grigioni
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 4167–4191, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-4167-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-4167-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Thin (~ 100 m) supercooled liquid water (SLW, water staying in liquid phase below 0 °C) clouds have been detected, analysed, and modelled over the Dome C (Concordia, Antarctica) station during the austral summer 2018–2019 using observations and meteorological analyses. The SLW clouds were observed at the top of the planetary boundary layer and the SLW content was always strongly underestimated by the model indicating an incorrect simulation of the surface energy budget of the Antarctic Plateau.
Samuel Quesada-Ruiz, Jean-Luc Attié, William A. Lahoz, Rachid Abida, Philippe Ricaud, Laaziz El Amraoui, Régina Zbinden, Andrea Piacentini, Mathieu Joly, Henk Eskes, Arjo Segers, Lyana Curier, Johan de Haan, Jukka Kujanpää, Albert Christiaan Plechelmus Oude Nijhuis, Johanna Tamminen, Renske Timmermans, and Pepijn Veefkind
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 131–152, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-131-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-131-2020, 2020
Renske Timmermans, Arjo Segers, Lyana Curier, Rachid Abida, Jean-Luc Attié, Laaziz El Amraoui, Henk Eskes, Johan de Haan, Jukka Kujanpää, William Lahoz, Albert Oude Nijhuis, Samuel Quesada-Ruiz, Philippe Ricaud, Pepijn Veefkind, and Martijn Schaap
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 12811–12833, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-12811-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-12811-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We present an evaluation of the added value of the Sentinel-4 and Sentinel-5P missions for air quality analyses of NO2. For this, synthetic observations for both missions are generated and combined with a chemistry transport model. While hourly Sentinel-4 NO2 observations over Europe benefit modelled NO2 analyses throughout the entire day, daily Sentinel-5P NO2 observations with global coverage show an impact up to 3–6 h after overpass. This supports the need for a combination of missions.
Iris-Amata Dion, Philippe Ricaud, Peter Haynes, Fabien Carminati, and Thibaut Dauhut
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 6459–6479, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-6459-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-6459-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Water vapour and ice cirrus clouds near the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) have a strong radiative impact on climate. Based on space-borne observations, we have developed a model linking ice in the upper troposphere from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) to precipitation in the troposphere from the Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM). Our study quantifies the amount of ice injected into the TTL by deep convection over tropical lands and oceans by investigating the diurnal cycle of ice.
Camille Richon, Jean-Claude Dutay, Laurent Bopp, Briac Le Vu, James C. Orr, Samuel Somot, and François Dulac
Biogeosciences, 16, 135–165, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-135-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-135-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We evaluate the effects of climate change and biogeochemical forcing evolution on the nutrient and plankton cycles of the Mediterranean Sea for the first time. We use a high-resolution coupled physical and biogeochemical model and perform 120-year transient simulations. The results indicate that changes in external nutrient fluxes and climate change may have synergistic or antagonistic effects on nutrient concentrations, depending on the region and the scenario.
Mounir Chrit, Karine Sartelet, Jean Sciare, Marwa Majdi, José Nicolas, Jean-Eudes Petit, and François Dulac
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 18079–18100, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-18079-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-18079-2018, 2018
Paola Formenti, Lydie Mbemba Kabuiku, Isabelle Chiapello, Fabrice Ducos, François Dulac, and Didier Tanré
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 6761–6784, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-6761-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-6761-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol particles from natural and anthropogenic sources are climate regulators as they can counteract or amplify the warming effect of greenhouse gases, but are difficult to observe due to their temporal and spatial variability. Satellite sensors can provide the needed global coverage but need validation. In this paper we explore the capability of the POLDER-3 advanced space-borne sensor to observe aerosols over the western Mediterranean region.
Karine Desboeufs, Elisabeth Bon Nguyen, Servanne Chevaillier, Sylvain Triquet, and François Dulac
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 14477–14492, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-14477-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-14477-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Atmospheric deposition is known to be a major source of nutrients for the marine biosphere in the Mediterranean Sea. The study of the origin of nutrients and trace metals in Corsica presented here shows that the dust events were the major sources of Si and Fe. Conversely, combustion sources predominated the inputs of N, P, and trace metals. This work showed the importance of considering background anthropogenic deposition for estimating the impact of atmospheric forcing on marine biota.
Mounir Chrit, Karine Sartelet, Jean Sciare, Jorge Pey, José B. Nicolas, Nicolas Marchand, Evelyn Freney, Karine Sellegri, Matthias Beekmann, and François Dulac
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 9631–9659, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-9631-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-9631-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Fine particulate matter (PM) in the atmosphere is of concern due to its effects on health, climate, ecosystems and biological cycles, and visibility.
These effects are especially important in the Mediterranean region. In this study, the air quality model Polyphemus is used to understand the
sources of inorganic and organic particles in the western Mediterranean and evaluate the uncertainties linked to the model parameters and hypotheses related to condensation/evaporation in the model.
Nizar Jaidan, Laaziz El Amraoui, Jean-Luc Attié, Philippe Ricaud, and François Dulac
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 9351–9373, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-9351-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-9351-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The Mediterranean Basin, surrounded by three continents with diverse pollution sources, is particularly sensitive to climate change due to its location and diversity of ecosystems. In this work, we investigate the future change of surface ozone from 2000 to 2100 over this region using a set of atmospheric model outputs and ground-based observations. We also highlight how the future climate change and the increase of methane concentrations can offset the benefit of the pollution reduction policy.
Arineh Cholakian, Matthias Beekmann, Augustin Colette, Isabelle Coll, Guillaume Siour, Jean Sciare, Nicolas Marchand, Florian Couvidat, Jorge Pey, Valerie Gros, Stéphane Sauvage, Vincent Michoud, Karine Sellegri, Aurélie Colomb, Karine Sartelet, Helen Langley DeWitt, Miriam Elser, André S. H. Prévot, Sonke Szidat, and François Dulac
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 7287–7312, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-7287-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-7287-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
In this work, four schemes for the simulation of organic aerosols in the western Mediterranean basin are added to the CHIMERE chemistry–transport model; the resulting simulations are then compared to measurements obtained from ChArMEx. It is concluded that the scheme taking into account the fragmentation and the formation of nonvolatile organic aerosols corresponds better to measurements; the major source of this aerosol in the western Mediterranean is found to be of biogenic origin.
Evelyn Freney, Karine Sellegri, Mounir Chrit, Kouji Adachi, Joel Brito, Antoine Waked, Agnès Borbon, Aurélie Colomb, Régis Dupuy, Jean-Marc Pichon, Laetitia Bouvier, Claire Delon, Corinne Jambert, Pierre Durand, Thierry Bourianne, Cécile Gaimoz, Sylvain Triquet, Anaïs Féron, Matthias Beekmann, François Dulac, and Karine Sartelet
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 7041–7056, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-7041-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-7041-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The focus of these experiments, within the ChArMEx project, were to better understand the chemical properties of ambient aerosols over the Mediterranean region. A series of airborne measurements were performed aboard the French research aircraft, the ATR42, during the summer period. Aerosol and gas-phase chemical mass spectrometry allowed us to understand the sources and formation of organic aerosols. Numerical models were incorporated into this study to help interpret our observations.
Vanessa Brocchi, Gisèle Krysztofiak, Valéry Catoire, Jonathan Guth, Virginie Marécal, Régina Zbinden, Laaziz El Amraoui, François Dulac, and Philippe Ricaud
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 6887–6906, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-6887-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-6887-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The Mediterranean Basin still suffers from a limited amount of in situ measurements for a good characterization of its environmental state. This study shows that intercontinental transport of very high CO concentrations can affect the upper Mediterranean Basin troposphere. By using modeling, 5- to 12-day eastward transport of biomass burning starting from North America and Siberia impacts the mid-troposphere of the Mediterranean Basin.
Camille Richon, Jean-Claude Dutay, François Dulac, Rong Wang, and Yves Balkanski
Biogeosciences, 15, 2499–2524, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-2499-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-2499-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
This work is part of the Mermex and ChArMEx projects of the MISTRALS program. It aims at studying the impacts of phosphorus deposition from contrasted sources on the biogeochemical cycles of the Mediterranean Sea.
The results show that combustion-related phosphorus deposition effects dominate P deposition over the northern Mediterranean, whereas dust-derived phosphorus deposition effects dominate in the southern part.
Yannick Kangah, Philippe Ricaud, Jean-Luc Attié, Naoko Saitoh, Jérôme Vidot, Pascal Brunel, and Samuel Quesada-Ruiz
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2018-21, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2018-21, 2018
Revised manuscript not accepted
Jean-Baptiste Renard, François Dulac, Pierre Durand, Quentin Bourgeois, Cyrielle Denjean, Damien Vignelles, Benoit Couté, Matthieu Jeannot, Nicolas Verdier, and Marc Mallet
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 3677–3699, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-3677-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-3677-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
A campaign was performed in the summer of 2013 above the Mediterranean basin, including in situ counting balloon-borne aerosol measurements (LOAC), for the detection of mineral dust. Three modes in the dust particle volume size distributions were detected, at roughly 0.2, 4, and 30 mm. Particles larger than 40 mm were often observed. They were lifted several days before and their persistence after transport over long distances is in conflict with dust sedimentation calculations.
Yinghe Fu, Karine Desboeufs, Julie Vincent, Elisabeth Bon Nguyen, Benoit Laurent, Remi Losno, and François Dulac
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 10, 4389–4401, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-4389-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-4389-2017, 2017
Jovanna Arndt, Jean Sciare, Marc Mallet, Greg C. Roberts, Nicolas Marchand, Karine Sartelet, Karine Sellegri, François Dulac, Robert M. Healy, and John C. Wenger
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 6975–7001, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-6975-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-6975-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The chemical composition of individual PM2.5 particles was measured at a background site on Corsica in the Mediterranean to determine the contribution of different sources to background aerosol in the region. Most of the particles were from fossil fuel combustion and biomass burning, transported to the site from France, Italy and eastern Europe, and also accumulated other species en route. This work shows that largest impact on air quality in the Mediterranean is from anthropogenic emissions.
Philippe Ricaud, Eric Bazile, Massimo del Guasta, Christian Lanconelli, Paolo Grigioni, and Achraf Mahjoub
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 5221–5237, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-5221-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-5221-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The novelty of the paper is to combine a large set of measurements and meteorological models to study the genesis of thick cloud and diamond dust/ice fog (ice crystals) episodes above Dome C, Antarctica. The originality of the work is to attribute the presence of thick cloud and diamond dust/ice fog to advection and microphysical processes with oceanic and continental origin of air masses, respectively. Thick cloud episodes are reproduced by the models but not diamond dust/ice fog episode.
Rachid Abida, Jean-Luc Attié, Laaziz El Amraoui, Philippe Ricaud, William Lahoz, Henk Eskes, Arjo Segers, Lyana Curier, Johan de Haan, Jukka Kujanpää, Albert Oude Nijhuis, Johanna Tamminen, Renske Timmermans, and Pepijn Veefkind
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 1081–1103, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-1081-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-1081-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
A detailed Observing System Simulation Experiment is performed to quantify the impact of future satellite instrument S-5P carbon monoxide (CO) on tropospheric analyses and forecasts. We focus on Europe for the period of northern summer 2003, when there was a severe heat wave episode. S-5P is able to capture the CO from forest fires that occurred in Portugal. Furthermore, our results provide evidence of S-5P CO benefits for monitoring processes contributing to atmospheric pollution.
François Gheusi, Pierre Durand, Nicolas Verdier, François Dulac, Jean-Luc Attié, Philippe Commun, Brice Barret, Claude Basdevant, Antoine Clenet, Solène Derrien, Alexis Doerenbecher, Laaziz El Amraoui, Alain Fontaine, Emeric Hache, Corinne Jambert, Elodie Jaumouillé, Yves Meyerfeld, Laurent Roblou, and Flore Tocquer
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 5811–5832, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-5811-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-5811-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Boundary-layer pressurised balloons allow for horizontal multi-day flights in the lower atmosphere, carrying light scientific payloads. Ozonesondes, usually used for balloon soundings have too short a lifetime for such flights. An adaptation is proposed, whereby conventional sondes are operated with short measurement phases alternating with longer periods of dormancy. The sondes were operated over the western Mediterranean, offering an original perspective on tropospheric ozone.
Michaël Sicard, Rubén Barragan, François Dulac, Lucas Alados-Arboledas, and Marc Mallet
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 12177–12203, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-12177-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-12177-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The seasonal variability of the aerosol optical, microphysical and radiative properties at three insular sites in the western Mediterranean Basin is presented. The main drivers of the observed annual cycles and NE–SW gradients are mineral dust outbreaks in summer and European continental aerosols in spring. The lack of NE–W gradients of some aerosol properties is attributed to a homogeneous spatial distribution of the fine particle load and absorption low values in the southwesternmost site.
Swagata Payra, Philippe Ricaud, Rachid Abida, Laaziz El Amraoui, Jean-Luc Attié, Emmanuel Rivière, Fabien Carminati, and Thomas von Clarmann
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 4355–4373, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-4355-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-4355-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The study deals with the budget of water vapour (H2O) at the tropical tropopause. The MOCAGE-VALENTINA assimilation tool has been used to assimilate Microwave Limb Sounder H2O space-borne measurements within the 316–5 hPa range from August 2011 to March 2013. Diagnostics are developed to assess the quality of the analyses depending on several parameters. Sensitivity studies show the improvement on the analyses when assimilating measurements of better quality, mainly over the convective areas.
Jean-Baptiste Renard, François Dulac, Gwenaël Berthet, Thibaut Lurton, Damien Vignelles, Fabrice Jégou, Thierry Tonnelier, Matthieu Jeannot, Benoit Couté, Rony Akiki, Nicolas Verdier, Marc Mallet, François Gensdarmes, Patrick Charpentier, Samuel Mesmin, Vincent Duverger, Jean-Charles Dupont, Thierry Elias, Vincent Crenn, Jean Sciare, Paul Zieger, Matthew Salter, Tjarda Roberts, Jérôme Giacomoni, Matthieu Gobbi, Eric Hamonou, Haraldur Olafsson, Pavla Dagsson-Waldhauserova, Claude Camy-Peyret, Christophe Mazel, Thierry Décamps, Martin Piringer, Jérémy Surcin, and Daniel Daugeron
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 3673–3686, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-3673-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-3673-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We illustrate the first Light Optical Aerosol Counter (LOAC) airborne results obtained from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and a variety of scientific balloons: tethered balloons deployed in urban environments, pressurized balloons drifting in the lower troposphere over the western Mediterranean during the Chemistry-Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment (ChArMEx), and meteorological sounding balloons launched in the western Mediterranean region and in the south-west of France.
Julie Vincent, Benoit Laurent, Rémi Losno, Elisabeth Bon Nguyen, Pierre Roullet, Stéphane Sauvage, Servanne Chevaillier, Patrice Coddeville, Noura Ouboulmane, Alcide Giorgio di Sarra, Antonio Tovar-Sánchez, Damiano Sferlazzo, Ana Massanet, Sylvain Triquet, Rafael Morales Baquero, Michel Fornier, Cyril Coursier, Karine Desboeufs, François Dulac, and Gilles Bergametti
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 8749–8766, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-8749-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-8749-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
To investigate dust deposition dynamics at the regional scale, five automatic deposition collectors named CARAGA have been deployed in the western Mediterranean basin (Lampedusa, Majorca, Corsica, Frioul and Le Casset) during 1 to 3 years depending on the station. Complementary observations provided by both satellite and air mass trajectories are used to identify the dust provenance areas and the transport pathways from the Sahara to the stations for the studied period.
Hélène Angot, Olivier Magand, Detlev Helmig, Philippe Ricaud, Boris Quennehen, Hubert Gallée, Massimo Del Guasta, Francesca Sprovieri, Nicola Pirrone, Joël Savarino, and Aurélien Dommergue
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 8249–8264, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-8249-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-8249-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
While the Arctic has been extensively monitored, there is still much to be learned from the Antarctic continent regarding the processes that govern the budget of atmospheric mercury species. We report here the first year-round measurements of gaseous elemental mercury (Hg(0)) in the atmosphere and in snowpack interstitial air on the East Antarctic ice sheet. The striking reactivity observed on the Antarctic plateau most likely influences the cycle of atmospheric mercury on a continental scale.
María José Granados-Muñoz, Francisco Navas-Guzmán, Juan Luis Guerrero-Rascado, Juan Antonio Bravo-Aranda, Ioannis Binietoglou, Sergio Nepomuceno Pereira, Sara Basart, José María Baldasano, Livio Belegante, Anatoli Chaikovsky, Adolfo Comerón, Giuseppe D'Amico, Oleg Dubovik, Luka Ilic, Panos Kokkalis, Constantino Muñoz-Porcar, Slobodan Nickovic, Doina Nicolae, Francisco José Olmo, Alexander Papayannis, Gelsomina Pappalardo, Alejandro Rodríguez, Kerstin Schepanski, Michaël Sicard, Ana Vukovic, Ulla Wandinger, François Dulac, and Lucas Alados-Arboledas
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 7043–7066, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-7043-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-7043-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides a detailed overview of the Mediterranean region regarding aerosol microphysical properties during the ChArMEx/EMEP campaign in July 2012. An in-depth analysis of the horizontal, vertical, and temporal dimensions is performed using LIRIC, proving the algorithm's ability in automated retrieval of microphysical property profiles within a network. A validation of four dust models is included, obtaining fair good agreement, especially for the vertical distribution of the aerosol.
Jean-Baptiste Renard, François Dulac, Gwenaël Berthet, Thibaut Lurton, Damien Vignelles, Fabrice Jégou, Thierry Tonnelier, Matthieu Jeannot, Benoit Couté, Rony Akiki, Nicolas Verdier, Marc Mallet, François Gensdarmes, Patrick Charpentier, Samuel Mesmin, Vincent Duverger, Jean-Charles Dupont, Thierry Elias, Vincent Crenn, Jean Sciare, Paul Zieger, Matthew Salter, Tjarda Roberts, Jérôme Giacomoni, Matthieu Gobbi, Eric Hamonou, Haraldur Olafsson, Pavla Dagsson-Waldhauserova, Claude Camy-Peyret, Christophe Mazel, Thierry Décamps, Martin Piringer, Jérémy Surcin, and Daniel Daugeron
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 1721–1742, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-1721-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-1721-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
LOAC is a light aerosols counter for performing measurements at the surface and under all kinds of atmospheric balloons. LOAC performs observations at two scattering angles. The first one at 12° is insensitive to the refractive index of the particles; the second one at 60° is strongly sensitive to the refractive index. By combining the measurements, it is possible to retrieve the size distribution between 0.2 and 100 micrometeres and to estimate the nature of the dominant particles.
Gerard Ancellet, Jacques Pelon, Julien Totems, Patrick Chazette, Ariane Bazureau, Michaël Sicard, Tatiana Di Iorio, Francois Dulac, and Marc Mallet
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 4725–4742, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-4725-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-4725-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
A multi-lidar analysis conducted in the Mediterranean basin compares the impact of the long-range transport of North American biomass burning aerosols with the role of frequently observed Saharan dust outbreaks. This paper provides a detailed analysis of the potential North American aerosol sources, their transport to Europe and the mixing of different aerosol sources, using simulations of a particle dispersion model and lidar measurements of the aerosol optical properties.
M. Mallet, F. Dulac, P. Formenti, P. Nabat, J. Sciare, G. Roberts, J. Pelon, G. Ancellet, D. Tanré, F. Parol, C. Denjean, G. Brogniez, A. di Sarra, L. Alados-Arboledas, J. Arndt, F. Auriol, L. Blarel, T. Bourrianne, P. Chazette, S. Chevaillier, M. Claeys, B. D'Anna, Y. Derimian, K. Desboeufs, T. Di Iorio, J.-F. Doussin, P. Durand, A. Féron, E. Freney, C. Gaimoz, P. Goloub, J. L. Gómez-Amo, M. J. Granados-Muñoz, N. Grand, E. Hamonou, I. Jankowiak, M. Jeannot, J.-F. Léon, M. Maillé, S. Mailler, D. Meloni, L. Menut, G. Momboisse, J. Nicolas, T. Podvin, V. Pont, G. Rea, J.-B. Renard, L. Roblou, K. Schepanski, A. Schwarzenboeck, K. Sellegri, M. Sicard, F. Solmon, S. Somot, B Torres, J. Totems, S. Triquet, N. Verdier, C. Verwaerde, F. Waquet, J. Wenger, and P. Zapf
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 455–504, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-455-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-455-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The aim of this article is to present an experimental campaign over the Mediterranean focused on aerosol-radiation measurements and modeling. Results indicate an important atmospheric loading associated with a moderate absorbing ability of mineral dust. Observations suggest a complex vertical structure and size distributions characterized by large aerosols within dust plumes. The radiative effect is highly variable, with negative forcing over the Mediterranean and positive over northern Africa.
U. Dayan, K. Nissen, and U. Ulbrich
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 2525–2544, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-2525-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-2525-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
This review discusses published studies analyzing the atmospheric conditions that induce extreme precipitation over the eastern and western Mediterranean regions. It presents a systematic description of the interlacing role of several atmospheric processes of different scales - local, meso, and synoptic - that enable the development of torrential rains.
J.-F. Léon, P. Augustin, M. Mallet, T. Bourrianne, V. Pont, F. Dulac, M. Fourmentin, D. Lambert, and B. Sauvage
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acpd-15-9507-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acpd-15-9507-2015, 2015
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents the aerosol vertical distribution observed by lidar soundings in Corsica (western Mediterranean) between February 2012 and August 2013. A seasonal cycle is observed in the extinction coefficient profiles and aerosol optical thickness with minima in winter and maxima in spring-summer. Less than 10% of the daily observations show high AOD corresponding to the large-scale advection of desert dust from Northern Africa or pollution aerosols from Europe.
J.-B. Renard, F. Dulac, G. Berthet, T. Lurton, D. Vignelles, F. Jégou, T. Tonnelier, C. Thaury, M. Jeannot, B. Couté, R. Akiki, J.-L. Mineau, N. Verdier, M. Mallet, F. Gensdarmes, P. Charpentier, S. Mesmin, V. Duverger, J.-C. Dupont, T. Elias, V. Crenn, J. Sciare, J. Giacomoni, M. Gobbi, E. Hamonou, H. Olafsson, P. Dagsson-Waldhauserova, C. Camy-Peyret, C. Mazel, T. Décamps, M. Piringer, J. Surcin, and D. Daugeron
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-8-1203-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-8-1203-2015, 2015
Revised manuscript not accepted
J.-B. Renard, F. Dulac, G. Berthet, T. Lurton, D. Vignelle, F. Jégou, T. Tonnelier, C. Thaury, M. Jeannot, B. Couté, R. Akiki, J.-L. Mineau, N. Verdier, M. Mallet, F. Gensdarmes, P. Charpentier, S. Mesmin, V. Duverger, J.-C. Dupont, T. Elias, V. Crenn, J. Sciare, J. Giacomoni, M. Gobbi, E. Hamonou, H. Olafsson, P. Dagsson-Waldhauserova, C. Camy-Peyret, C. Mazel, T. Décamps, M. Piringer, J. Surcin, and D. Daugeron
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-8-1261-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-8-1261-2015, 2015
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
We present exemples of measurements obtained by the new light optical aerosol counter LOAC. The measurement were conducted from different kinds of balloons in the troposphre and stratosphere.
A. T. J. de Laat, I. Aben, M. Deeter, P. Nédélec, H. Eskes, J.-L. Attié, P. Ricaud, R. Abida, L. El Amraoui, and J. Landgraf
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 7, 3783–3799, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-3783-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-3783-2014, 2014
Y. Wang, K. N. Sartelet, M. Bocquet, P. Chazette, M. Sicard, G. D'Amico, J. F. Léon, L. Alados-Arboledas, A. Amodeo, P. Augustin, J. Bach, L. Belegante, I. Binietoglou, X. Bush, A. Comerón, H. Delbarre, D. García-Vízcaino, J. L. Guerrero-Rascado, M. Hervo, M. Iarlori, P. Kokkalis, D. Lange, F. Molero, N. Montoux, A. Muñoz, C. Muñoz, D. Nicolae, A. Papayannis, G. Pappalardo, J. Preissler, V. Rizi, F. Rocadenbosch, K. Sellegri, F. Wagner, and F. Dulac
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 12031–12053, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-12031-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-12031-2014, 2014
P. Ricaud, B. Sič, L. El Amraoui, J.-L. Attié, R. Zbinden, P. Huszar, S. Szopa, J. Parmentier, N. Jaidan, M. Michou, R. Abida, F. Carminati, D. Hauglustaine, T. August, J. Warner, R. Imasu, N. Saitoh, and V.-H. Peuch
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 11427–11446, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-11427-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-11427-2014, 2014
C. Guieu, C. Ridame, E. Pulido-Villena, M. Bressac, K. Desboeufs, and F. Dulac
Biogeosciences, 11, 5621–5635, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-5621-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-5621-2014, 2014
L. El Amraoui, J.-L. Attié, P. Ricaud, W. A. Lahoz, A. Piacentini, V.-H. Peuch, J. X. Warner, R. Abida, J. Barré, and R. Zbinden
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 7, 3035–3057, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-3035-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-3035-2014, 2014
C. Aghnatios, R. Losno, and F. Dulac
Biogeosciences, 11, 4627–4633, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-4627-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-4627-2014, 2014
E. Hache, J.-L. Attié, C. Tourneur, P. Ricaud, L. Coret, W. A. Lahoz, L. El Amraoui, B. Josse, P. Hamer, J. Warner, X. Liu, K. Chance, M. Höpfner, R. Spurr, V. Natraj, S. Kulawik, A. Eldering, and J. Orphal
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 7, 2185–2201, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-2185-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-2185-2014, 2014
F. Carminati, P. Ricaud, J.-P. Pommereau, E. Rivière, S. Khaykin, J.-L. Attié, and J. Warner
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 6195–6211, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-6195-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-6195-2014, 2014
C. Guieu, F. Dulac, C. Ridame, and P. Pondaven
Biogeosciences, 11, 425–442, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-425-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-425-2014, 2014
R. M. Zbinden, V. Thouret, P. Ricaud, F. Carminati, J.-P. Cammas, and P. Nédélec
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 12363–12388, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-12363-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-12363-2013, 2013
J.-L. Baray, Y. Courcoux, P. Keckhut, T. Portafaix, P. Tulet, J.-P. Cammas, A. Hauchecorne, S. Godin Beekmann, M. De Mazière, C. Hermans, F. Desmet, K. Sellegri, A. Colomb, M. Ramonet, J. Sciare, C. Vuillemin, C. Hoareau, D. Dionisi, V. Duflot, H. Vérèmes, J. Porteneuve, F. Gabarrot, T. Gaudo, J.-M. Metzger, G. Payen, J. Leclair de Bellevue, C. Barthe, F. Posny, P. Ricaud, A. Abchiche, and R. Delmas
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 6, 2865–2877, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-2865-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-2865-2013, 2013
P. Huszar, H. Teyssèdre, M. Michou, A. Voldoire, D. J. L. Olivié, D. Saint-Martin, D. Cariolle, S. Senesi, D. Salas Y Melia, A. Alias, F. Karcher, P. Ricaud, and T. Halenka
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 10027–10048, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-10027-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-10027-2013, 2013
M. Mallet, O. Dubovik, P. Nabat, F. Dulac, R. Kahn, J. Sciare, D. Paronis, and J. F. Léon
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 9195–9210, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-9195-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-9195-2013, 2013
P. Nabat, S. Somot, M. Mallet, I. Chiapello, J. J. Morcrette, F. Solmon, S. Szopa, F. Dulac, W. Collins, S. Ghan, L. W. Horowitz, J. F. Lamarque, Y. H. Lee, V. Naik, T. Nagashima, D. Shindell, and R. Skeie
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 6, 1287–1314, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-1287-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-1287-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Subject: Gases | Research Activity: Remote Sensing | Altitude Range: Troposphere | Science Focus: Chemistry (chemical composition and reactions)
Tropical upper-tropospheric trends in ozone and carbon monoxide (2005–2020): observational and model results
Global seasonal urban, industrial, and background NO2 estimated from TROPOMI satellite observations
Opposing trends in the peak and low ozone concentrations in eastern China: anthropogenic and meteorological influences
Vertical profiles of global tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2) obtained by cloud slicing the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI)
Opinion: Beyond global means – novel space-based approaches to indirectly constrain the concentrations of and trends and variations in the tropospheric hydroxyl radical (OH)
Satellite-observed relationships between land cover, burned area, and atmospheric composition over the southern Amazon
Ammonia emission estimates using CrIS satellite observations over Europe
Insights into the long-term (2005–2021) spatiotemporal evolution of summer ozone production sensitivity in the Northern Hemisphere derived with the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI)
Tropical tropospheric ozone distribution and trends from in situ and satellite data
Estimation of ground-level NO2 and its spatiotemporal variations in China using GEMS measurements and a nested machine learning model
Unleashing the Potential of Geostationary Satellite Observations in Air Quality Forecasting Through Artificial Intelligence Techniques
Investigation of the impact of satellite vertical sensitivity on long-term retrieved lower-tropospheric ozone trends
Quantifying the diurnal variation in atmospheric NO2 from Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer (GEMS) observations
What can we learn about tropospheric OH from satellite observations of methane?
Feasibility of robust estimates of ozone production rates using satellite observations
Identifying Missing Sources and Reducing NOx Emissions Uncertainty over China using Daily Satellite Data and a Mass-Conserving Method
Ammonia in the upper troposphere–lower stratosphere (UTLS): GLORIA airborne measurements for CAMS model evaluation in the Asian monsoon and in biomass burning plumes above the South Atlantic
A lightweight NO2-to-NOx conversion model for quantifying NOx emissions of point sources from NO2 satellite observations
Towards a sector-specific CO∕CO2 emission ratio: satellite-based observations of CO release from steel production in Germany
Monitoring European anthropogenic NOx emissions from space
Upper tropospheric pollutants observed by MIPAS: geographic and seasonal variations
Pyrogenic HONO seen from space: insights from global IASI observations
First evaluation of the GEMS formaldehyde product against TROPOMI and ground-based column measurements during the in-orbit test period
High-resolution mapping of nitrogen oxide emissions in large US cities from TROPOMI retrievals of tropospheric nitrogen dioxide columns
Quantifying the tropospheric ozone radiative effect and its temporal evolution in the satellite era
A satellite chronology of plumes from the April 2021 eruption of La Soufrière, St Vincent
Investigation of spatial and temporal variability in lower tropospheric ozone from RAL Space UV–Vis satellite products
Two years of satellite-based carbon dioxide emission quantification at the world's largest coal-fired power plants
Tropical tropospheric ozone and carbon monoxide distributions: characteristics, origins, and control factors, as seen by IAGOS and IASI
Investigation of the summer 2018 European ozone air pollution episodes using novel satellite data and modelling
Bridging the spatial gaps of the Ammonia Monitoring Network using satellite ammonia measurements
A roadmap to estimating agricultural ammonia volatilization over Europe using satellite observations and simulation data
Investigation of meteorological conditions and BrO during ozone depletion events in Ny-Ålesund between 2010 and 2021
Quantification of carbon monoxide emissions from African cities using TROPOMI
Nitrogen oxides emissions from selected cities in North America, Europe, and East Asia observed by the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) before and after the COVID-19 pandemic
Remotely sensed and surface measurement- derived mass-conserving inversion of daily NOx emissions and inferred combustion technologies in energy-rich northern China
Examining TROPOMI formaldehyde to nitrogen dioxide ratios in the Lake Michigan region: implications for ozone exceedances
Impact of different sources of precursors on an ozone pollution outbreak over Europe analysed with IASI+GOME2 multispectral satellite observations and model simulations
Monitoring and quantifying CO2 emissions of isolated power plants from space
Technical note: Constraining the hydroxyl (OH) radical in the tropics with satellite observations of its drivers – first steps toward assessing the feasibility of a global observation strategy
Significant contribution of inland ships to the total NOx emissions along the Yangtze River
Characteristics of interannual variability in space-based XCO2 global observations
Toward a versatile spaceborne architecture for immediate monitoring of the global methane pledge
Methane emissions are predominantly responsible for record-breaking atmospheric methane growth rates in 2020 and 2021
Ground solar absorption observations of total column CO, CO2, CH4, and aerosol optical depth from California's Sequoia Lightning Complex Fire: emission factors and modified combustion efficiency at regional scales
Potential of TROPOMI for understanding spatio-temporal variations in surface NO2 and their dependencies upon land use over the Iberian Peninsula
Mobile MAX-DOAS observations of tropospheric NO2 and HCHO during summer over the Three Rivers' Source region in China
Estimating enhancement ratios of nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide using satellite observations
Source mechanisms and transport patterns of tropospheric bromine monoxide: findings from long-term multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy measurements at two Antarctic stations
Measurement report: Spatiotemporal variability of peroxy acyl nitrates (PANs) over Mexico City from TES and CrIS satellite measurements
Lucien Froidevaux, Douglas E. Kinnison, Benjamin Gaubert, Michael J. Schwartz, Nathaniel J. Livesey, William G. Read, Charles G. Bardeen, Jerry R. Ziemke, and Ryan A. Fuller
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 597–624, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-597-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-597-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We compare observed changes in ozone (O3) and carbon monoxide (CO) in the tropical upper troposphere (10–15 km altitude) for 2005–2020 to predictions from model simulations that track the evolution of natural and industrial emissions transported to this region. An increasing trend in measured upper-tropospheric O3 is well matched by model trends. We find that changes in modeled industrial CO surface emissions lead to better model agreement with observed slight decreases in upper-tropospheric CO.
Vitali Fioletov, Chris A. McLinden, Debora Griffin, Xiaoyi Zhao, and Henk Eskes
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 575–596, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-575-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-575-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Satellite data were used to estimate urban per capita emissions for 261 major cities worldwide. Three components in tropospheric NO2 data (background NO2, NO2 from urban sources, and NO2 from industrial point sources) were isolated, and then each of these components was analyzed separately. The largest per capita emissions were found in the Middle East and the smallest in India and southern Africa. Urban weekend emissions are 20 %–50 % less than workday emissions for all regions except China.
Zhuang Wang, Chune Shi, Hao Zhang, Xianguang Ji, Yizhi Zhu, Congzi Xia, Xiaoyun Sun, Xinfeng Lin, Shaowei Yan, Suyao Wang, Yuan Zhou, Chengzhi Xing, Yujia Chen, and Cheng Liu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 347–366, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-347-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-347-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study attempts to explain the surface ozone background and typical and peak trends in eastern China by combining a large number of ground-based and satellite observations. We found diametrically opposed trends in peak (decreasing) and low (increasing) ozone concentrations. Anthropogenic emissions primarily drive trends in low and peak ozone concentrations in eastern China, though meteorological effects also play a role.
Rebekah P. Horner, Eloise A. Marais, Nana Wei, Robert G. Ryan, and Viral Shah
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 13047–13064, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13047-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13047-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrogen oxides (NOx ≡ NO + NO2) affect tropospheric ozone and the hydroxyl radical, influencing climate and atmospheric oxidation. To address the lack of routine observations of NOx, we cloud slice satellite observations of NO2 to derive a new dataset of global vertical profiles of NO2. We evaluate our data against in situ aircraft observations and use these data to critique the contemporary understanding of tropospheric NOx, as simulated by the GEOS-Chem model.
Bryan N. Duncan, Daniel C. Anderson, Arlene M. Fiore, Joanna Joiner, Nickolay A. Krotkov, Can Li, Dylan B. Millet, Julie M. Nicely, Luke D. Oman, Jason M. St. Clair, Joshua D. Shutter, Amir H. Souri, Sarah A. Strode, Brad Weir, Glenn M. Wolfe, Helen M. Worden, and Qindan Zhu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 13001–13023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13001-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13001-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Trace gases emitted to or formed within the atmosphere may be chemically or physically removed from the atmosphere. One trace gas, the hydroxyl radical (OH), is responsible for initiating the chemical removal of many trace gases, including some greenhouse gases. Despite its importance, scientists have not been able to adequately measure OH. In this opinion piece, we discuss promising new methods to indirectly constrain OH using satellite data of trace gases that control the abundance of OH.
Emma Sands, Richard J. Pope, Ruth M. Doherty, Fiona M. O'Connor, Chris Wilson, and Hugh Pumphrey
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 11081–11102, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11081-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11081-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Changes in vegetation alongside biomass burning impact regional atmospheric composition and air quality. Using satellite remote sensing, we find a clear linear relationship between forest cover and isoprene and a pronounced non-linear relationship between burned area and nitrogen dioxide in the southern Amazon, a region of substantial deforestation. These quantified relationships can be used for model evaluation and further exploration of biosphere-atmosphere interactions in Earth System Models.
Jieying Ding, Ronald van der A, Henk Eskes, Enrico Dammers, Mark Shephard, Roy Wichink Kruit, Marc Guevara, and Leonor Tarrason
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 10583–10599, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10583-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10583-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Here we applied the existing Daily Emissions Constrained by Satellite Observations (DECSO) inversion algorithm to NH3 observations from the CrIS satellite instrument to estimate NH3 emissions. As NH3 in the atmosphere is influenced by NOx, we implemented DECSO to estimate NOx and NH3 emissions simultaneously. The emissions are derived over Europe for 2020 at a spatial resolution of 0.2° using daily observations from CrIS and TROPOMI. Results are compared to bottom-up emission inventories.
Matthew S. Johnson, Sajeev Philip, Scott Meech, Rajesh Kumar, Meytar Sorek-Hamer, Yoichi P. Shiga, and Jia Jung
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 10363–10384, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10363-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10363-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Satellites, like the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), retrieve proxy species of ozone (O3) formation (formaldehyde and nitrogen dioxide) and the ratios (FNRs) which can define O3 production sensitivity regimes. Here we investigate trends of OMI FNRs from 2005 to 2021, and they have increased in major cities, suggesting a transition from radical- to NOx-limited regimes. OMI also observed the impact of reduced emissions during the 2020 COVID-19 lockdown that resulted in increased FNRs.
Audrey Gaudel, Ilann Bourgeois, Meng Li, Kai-Lan Chang, Jerald Ziemke, Bastien Sauvage, Ryan M. Stauffer, Anne M. Thompson, Debra E. Kollonige, Nadia Smith, Daan Hubert, Arno Keppens, Juan Cuesta, Klaus-Peter Heue, Pepijn Veefkind, Kenneth Aikin, Jeff Peischl, Chelsea R. Thompson, Thomas B. Ryerson, Gregory J. Frost, Brian C. McDonald, and Owen R. Cooper
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 9975–10000, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9975-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9975-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The study examines tropical tropospheric ozone changes. In situ data from 1994–2019 display increased ozone, notably over India, Southeast Asia, and Malaysia and Indonesia. Sparse in situ data limit trend detection for the 15-year period. In situ and satellite data, with limited sampling, struggle to consistently detect trends. Continuous observations are vital over the tropical Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean, western Africa, and South Asia for accurate ozone trend estimation in these regions.
Naveed Ahmad, Changqing Lin, Alexis K. H. Lau, Jhoon Kim, Tianshu Zhang, Fangqun Yu, Chengcai Li, Ying Li, Jimmy C. H. Fung, and Xiang Qian Lao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 9645–9665, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9645-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9645-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study developed a nested machine learning model to convert the GEMS NO2 column measurements into ground-level concentrations across China. The model directly incorporates the NO2 mixing height (NMH) into the methodological framework. The study underscores the importance of considering NMH when estimating ground-level NO2 from satellite column measurements and highlights the significant advantages of new-generation geostationary satellites in air quality monitoring.
Chengxin Zhang, Xinhan Niu, Hongyu Wu, Zhipeng Ding, Ka Lok Chan, Jhoon Kim, Thomas Wagner, and Cheng Liu
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2620, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2620, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This research utilizes hourly air pollution observations from the world’s first geostationary satellite to develop a spatiotemporal neural network model for full-coverage surface NO2 pollution prediction over the next 24 hours, achieving outstanding forecasting performance and efficacy. These results highlight the profound impact of geostationary satellite observations in advancing air quality forecasting models, thereby contributing to future models for health exposure to air pollution.
Richard J. Pope, Fiona M. O'Connor, Mohit Dalvi, Brian J. Kerridge, Richard Siddans, Barry G. Latter, Brice Barret, Eric Le Flochmoen, Anne Boynard, Martyn P. Chipperfield, Wuhu Feng, Matilda A. Pimlott, Sandip S. Dhomse, Christian Retscher, Catherine Wespes, and Richard Rigby
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 9177–9195, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9177-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9177-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ozone is a potent air pollutant in the lower troposphere, with adverse impacts on human health. Satellite records of tropospheric ozone currently show large-scale inconsistencies in long-term trends. Our detailed study of the potential factors (e.g. satellite errors, where the satellite can observe ozone) potentially driving these inconsistencies found that, in North America, Europe, and East Asia, the underlying trends are typically small with large uncertainties.
David P. Edwards, Sara Martínez-Alonso, Duseong S. Jo, Ivan Ortega, Louisa K. Emmons, John J. Orlando, Helen M. Worden, Jhoon Kim, Hanlim Lee, Junsung Park, and Hyunkee Hong
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8943–8961, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8943-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8943-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Until recently, satellite observations of atmospheric pollutants at any location could only be obtained once a day. New geostationary satellites stare at a region of the Earth to make hourly measurements, and the Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer is the first looking at Asia. These data and model simulations show how the change seen for one important pollutant that determines air quality depends on a combination of pollution emissions, atmospheric chemistry, and meteorology.
Elise Penn, Daniel J. Jacob, Zichong Chen, James D. East, Melissa P. Sulprizio, Lori Bruhwiler, Joannes D. Maasakkers, Hannah Nesser, Zhen Qu, Yuzhong Zhang, and John Worden
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2260, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2260, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The hydroxyl radical (OH), destroys many air pollutants, including methane. Global mean OH cannot be directly measured, so it is inferred with the methyl chloroform (MCF) proxy. MCF is decreasing, and a replacement is needed. We use satellite observations of methane in two spectral ranges as a proxy for OH instead. We find shortwave infrared observations can characterize yearly OH and its seasonality, but not the latitudinal distribution. Thermal infrared observations add little information.
Amir H. Souri, Gonzalo González Abad, Glenn M. Wolfe, Tijl Verhoelst, Corinne Vigouroux, Gaia Pinardi, Steven Compernolle, Bavo Langerock, Bryan N. Duncan, and Matthew S. Johnson
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1947, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1947, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We establish a simple yet robust relationship between ozone production rates and several geophysical parameters obtained from several intensive atmospheric composition campaigns. We have shown that satellite remote sensing data can effectively constrain these parameters, enabling us to produce the first global maps of ozone production rates with unprecedented resolution.
Lingxiao Lu, Jason Blake Cohen, Kai Qin, Xiaolu Li, and Qin He
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1903, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1903, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study assimilates NO2 observations from TROPOMI in a mass-conserving manner and inverts daily NOx emissions. The results are presented over rapidly changing regions in China. Attribution is quantified using local observations and inverted proxy of combustion temperature. There are significant sources identified in some areas which are not in existing databases, especially small and medium industries along the Yangtze River. We also demonstrate which emissions are robust and which are not.
Sören Johansson, Michael Höpfner, Felix Friedl-Vallon, Norbert Glatthor, Thomas Gulde, Vincent Huijnen, Anne Kleinert, Erik Kretschmer, Guido Maucher, Tom Neubert, Hans Nordmeyer, Christof Piesch, Peter Preusse, Martin Riese, Björn-Martin Sinnhuber, Jörn Ungermann, Gerald Wetzel, and Wolfgang Woiwode
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8125–8138, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8125-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8125-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present airborne infrared limb sounding GLORIA measurements of ammonia (NH3) in the upper troposphere of air masses within the Asian monsoon and of those connected with biomass burning. Comparing CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) model data, we find that the model reproduces the measured enhanced NH3 within the Asian monsoon well but not that within biomass burning plumes, where no enhanced NH3 is measured in the upper troposphere but considerable amounts are simulated by CAMS.
Sandro Meier, Erik F. M. Koene, Maarten Krol, Dominik Brunner, Alexander Damm, and Gerrit Kuhlmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 7667–7686, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7667-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7667-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO + NO2) are important air pollutants. This study addresses the challenge of accurately estimating NOx emissions from NO2 satellite observations. We develop a realistic model to convert NO2 to NOx by using simulated plumes from various power plants. We apply the model to satellite NO2 observations, significantly reducing biases in estimated NOx emissions. The study highlights the potential for a consistent, high-resolution estimation of NOx emissions using satellite data.
Oliver Schneising, Michael Buchwitz, Maximilian Reuter, Michael Weimer, Heinrich Bovensmann, John P. Burrows, and Hartmut Bösch
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 7609–7621, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7609-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7609-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Large quantities of CO and CO2 are emitted during conventional steel production. As satellite-based estimates of CO2 emissions at the facility level are challenging, co-emitted CO can indicate the carbon footprint of steel plants. We estimate CO emissions for German steelworks and use CO2 emissions from emissions trading data to derive a sector-specific CO/CO2 emission ratio for the steel industry; it is a prerequisite to use CO as a proxy for CO2 emissions from similar steel production sites.
Ronald J. van der A, Jieying Ding, and Henk Eskes
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 7523–7534, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7523-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7523-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Using observations of the Sentinel-5P satellite and the latest version of the inversion algorithm DECSO, anthropogenic NOx emissions are derived for Europe for the years 2019–2022 with a spatial resolution of 0.2°. The results are compared with European emissions of the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service.
Norbert Glatthor, Gabriele P. Stiller, Thomas von Clarmann, Bernd Funke, Sylvia Kellmann, and Andrea Linden
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1793, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1793, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present global upper tropospheric distributions of the pollutants HCN, CO, C2H2, C2H6, PAN and HCOOH, observed by MIPAS/Envisat between 2002 and 2012. This common view allows conclusions on the sources of the different pollutants, like, e.g., biomass burning, anthropogenic sources or biogenic release. For this purpose we compare their VMR distributions and additionally perform global correlation and regression analyses.
Bruno Franco, Lieven Clarisse, Nicolas Theys, Juliette Hadji-Lazaro, Cathy Clerbaux, and Pierre Coheur
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 4973–5007, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4973-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4973-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Using IASI global infrared measurements, we retrieve nitrous acid (HONO) in fire plumes from space. We detect large enhancements of pyrogenic HONO worldwide, especially from intense wildfires at Northern Hemisphere mid- and high latitudes. Predominance of IASI nighttime over daytime measurements sheds light on HONO's extended lifetime and secondary formation during long-range transport in smoke plumes. Our findings deepen the understanding of atmospheric HONO, crucial for air quality assessment.
Gitaek T. Lee, Rokjin J. Park, Hyeong-Ahn Kwon, Eunjo S. Ha, Sieun D. Lee, Seunga Shin, Myoung-Hwan Ahn, Mina Kang, Yong-Sang Choi, Gyuyeon Kim, Dong-Won Lee, Deok-Rae Kim, Hyunkee Hong, Bavo Langerock, Corinne Vigouroux, Christophe Lerot, Francois Hendrick, Gaia Pinardi, Isabelle De Smedt, Michel Van Roozendael, Pucai Wang, Heesung Chong, Yeseul Cho, and Jhoon Kim
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 4733–4749, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4733-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4733-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study evaluates the Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer (GEMS) HCHO product by comparing its vertical column densities (VCDs) with those of TROPOMI and ground-based observations. Based on some sensitivity tests, obtaining radiance references under clear-sky conditions significantly improves HCHO retrieval quality. GEMS HCHO VCDs captured seasonal and diurnal variations well during the first year of observation, showing consistency with TROPOMI and ground-based observations.
Fei Liu, Steffen Beirle, Joanna Joiner, Sungyeon Choi, Zhining Tao, K. Emma Knowland, Steven J. Smith, Daniel Q. Tong, Siqi Ma, Zachary T. Fasnacht, and Thomas Wagner
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3717–3728, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3717-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3717-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Using satellite data, we developed a coupled method independent of the chemical transport model to map NOx emissions across US cities. After validating our technique with synthetic data, we charted NOx emissions from 2018–2021 in 39 cities. Our results closely matched EPA estimates but also highlighted some inconsistencies in both magnitude and spatial distribution. This research can help refine strategies for monitoring and managing air quality.
Richard J. Pope, Alexandru Rap, Matilda A. Pimlott, Brice Barret, Eric Le Flochmoen, Brian J. Kerridge, Richard Siddans, Barry G. Latter, Lucy J. Ventress, Anne Boynard, Christian Retscher, Wuhu Feng, Richard Rigby, Sandip S. Dhomse, Catherine Wespes, and Martyn P. Chipperfield
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3613–3626, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3613-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3613-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Tropospheric ozone is an important short-lived climate forcer which influences the incoming solar short-wave radiation and the outgoing long-wave radiation in the atmosphere (8–15 km) where the balance between the two yields a net positive (i.e. warming) effect at the surface. Overall, we find that the tropospheric ozone radiative effect ranges between 1.21 and 1.26 W m−2 with a negligible trend (2008–2017), suggesting that tropospheric ozone influences on climate have remained stable with time.
Isabelle A. Taylor, Roy G. Grainger, Andrew T. Prata, Simon R. Proud, Tamsin A. Mather, and David M. Pyle
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 15209–15234, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15209-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15209-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study looks at sulfur dioxide (SO2) and ash emissions from the April 2021 eruption of La Soufrière on St Vincent. Using satellite data, 35 eruptive events were identified. Satellite data were used to track SO2 as it was transported around the globe. The majority of SO2 was emitted into the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. Similarities with the 1979 eruption of La Soufrière highlight the value of studying these eruptions to be better prepared for future eruptions.
Richard J. Pope, Brian J. Kerridge, Richard Siddans, Barry G. Latter, Martyn P. Chipperfield, Wuhu Feng, Matilda A. Pimlott, Sandip S. Dhomse, Christian Retscher, and Richard Rigby
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14933–14947, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14933-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14933-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Ozone is a potent air pollutant, and we present the first study to investigate long-term changes in lower tropospheric column ozone (LTCO3) from space. We have constructed a merged LTCO3 dataset from GOME-1, SCIAMACHY and OMI between 1996 and 2017. Comparing LTCO3 between the 1996–2000 and 2013–2017 5-year averages, we find significant positive increases in the tropics/sub-tropics, while in the northern mid-latitudes, we find small-scale differences.
Daniel H. Cusworth, Andrew K. Thorpe, Charles E. Miller, Alana K. Ayasse, Ralph Jiorle, Riley M. Duren, Ray Nassar, Jon-Paul Mastrogiacomo, and Robert R. Nelson
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14577–14591, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14577-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14577-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from combustion sources are uncertain in many places across the globe. Satellites have the ability to detect and quantify emissions from large CO2 point sources, including coal-fired power plants. In this study, we tasked two satellites to routinely observe CO2 emissions at 30 coal-fired power plants between 2021 and 2022. These results present the largest dataset of space-based CO2 emission estimates to date.
Maria Tsivlidou, Bastien Sauvage, Yasmine Bennouna, Romain Blot, Damien Boulanger, Hannah Clark, Eric Le Flochmoën, Philippe Nédélec, Valérie Thouret, Pawel Wolff, and Brice Barret
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14039–14063, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14039-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14039-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The tropics are a region where the ozone increase has been most apparent since 1980 and where observations are sparse. Using aircraft, satellite, and model data, we document the characteristics of tropospheric ozone and CO over the whole tropics for the last 2 decades. We explore the origin of the observed CO anomalies and investigate transport processes driving the tropical CO and O3 distribution. Our study highlights the importance of anthropogenic emissions, mostly over the northern tropics.
Richard J. Pope, Brian J. Kerridge, Martyn P. Chipperfield, Richard Siddans, Barry G. Latter, Lucy J. Ventress, Matilda A. Pimlott, Wuhu Feng, Edward Comyn-Platt, Garry D. Hayman, Stephen R. Arnold, and Ailish M. Graham
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 13235–13253, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13235-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13235-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In the summer of 2018, Europe experienced several persistent large-scale ozone (O3) pollution episodes. Satellite tropospheric O3 and surface O3 data recorded substantial enhancements in 2018 relative to other years. Targeted model simulations showed that meteorological processes and emissions controlled the elevated surface O3, while mid-tropospheric O3 enhancements were dominated by stratospheric O3 intrusion and advection of North Atlantic O3-rich air masses into Europe.
Rui Wang, Da Pan, Xuehui Guo, Kang Sun, Lieven Clarisse, Martin Van Damme, Pierre-François Coheur, Cathy Clerbaux, Melissa Puchalski, and Mark A. Zondlo
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 13217–13234, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13217-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13217-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Ammonia (NH3) is a key precursor for fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and a primary form of reactive nitrogen, yet it has sparse ground measurements. We perform the first comprehensive comparison between ground observations and satellite retrievals in the US, demonstrating that satellite NH3 data can help fill spatial gaps in the current ground monitoring networks. Trend analyses using both datasets highlight increasing NH3 trends across the US, including the NH3 hotspots and urban areas.
Rimal Abeed, Camille Viatte, William C. Porter, Nikolaos Evangeliou, Cathy Clerbaux, Lieven Clarisse, Martin Van Damme, Pierre-François Coheur, and Sarah Safieddine
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 12505–12523, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12505-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12505-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Ammonia emissions from agricultural activities will inevitably increase with the rise in population. We use a variety of datasets (satellite, reanalysis, and model simulation) to calculate the first regional map of ammonia emission potential during the start of the growing season in Europe. We then apply our developed method using a climate model to show the effect of the temperature increase on future ammonia columns under two possible climate scenarios.
Bianca Zilker, Andreas Richter, Anne-Marlene Blechschmidt, Peter von der Gathen, Ilias Bougoudis, Sora Seo, Tim Bösch, and John Philip Burrows
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9787–9814, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9787-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9787-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
During Arctic spring, near-surface ozone is depleted by bromine released from salty sea ice and/or snow-covered areas under certain meteorological conditions. To study this ozone depletion and the prevailing meteorological conditions, two ozone data sets from Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, have been evaluated. We found that during ozone depletion events lower pressure over the Barents Sea and higher pressure in the Icelandic Low area led to a transport of cold polar air from the north to Ny-Ålesund.
Gijs Leguijt, Joannes D. Maasakkers, Hugo A. C. Denier van der Gon, Arjo J. Segers, Tobias Borsdorff, and Ilse Aben
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8899–8919, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8899-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8899-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We present a fast method to evaluate carbon monoxide emissions from cities in Africa. Carbon monoxide is important for climate change in an indirect way, as it is linked to ozone, methane, and carbon dioxide. Our measurements are made with a satellite that sees the entire globe every single day. This means that we can check from space whether the current knowledge of emission rates is up to date. We make the comparison and show that the emission rates in northern Africa are underestimated.
Chantelle R. Lonsdale and Kang Sun
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8727–8748, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8727-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8727-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The COVID-19 pandemic, which was caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, emerged in 2019, and its still evolving variants have resulted in unprecedented shifts in human activities and anthropogenic emissions into the Earth's atmosphere. We present monthly nitrogen oxide emissions over three major continents from May 2018 to January 2023 to capture variations before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. We focus on a diverse collection of 54 cities to quantify the post-COVID-19 perturbations.
Xiaolu Li, Jason Blake Cohen, Kai Qin, Hong Geng, Xiaohui Wu, Liling Wu, Chengli Yang, Rui Zhang, and Liqin Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8001–8019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8001-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8001-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Remotely sensed NO2 and surface NOx are combined with a mathematical method to estimate daily NOx emissions. The results identify new sources and improve existing estimates. The estimation is driven by three flexible factors: thermodynamics of combustion, chemical loss, and atmospheric transport. The thermodynamic term separates power, iron, and cement from coking, boilers, and aluminum. This work finds three causes for the extremes: emissions, UV radiation, and transport.
Juanito Jerrold Mariano Acdan, Robert Bradley Pierce, Angela F. Dickens, Zachariah Adelman, and Tsengel Nergui
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 7867–7885, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7867-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7867-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Ozone is an air pollutant that is harmful to human health. Near the surface of Earth, ozone is created when other pollutants react in the presence of sunlight. This study uses satellite data to investigate how ozone levels can be decreased in the Lake Michigan region of the United States. Our results indicate that ozone levels can be decreased by decreasing volatile organic compound emissions in urban areas and decreasing nitrogen oxide emissions in the region as a whole.
Sachiko Okamoto, Juan Cuesta, Matthias Beekmann, Gaëlle Dufour, Maxim Eremenko, Kazuyuki Miyazaki, Cathy Boonne, Hiroshi Tanimoto, and Hajime Akimoto
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 7399–7423, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7399-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7399-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We present a detailed analysis of the daily evolution of the lowermost tropospheric ozone documented by IASI+GOME2 multispectral satellite observations and that of its precursors from TCR-2 tropospheric chemistry reanalysis. It reveals that the ozone outbreak across Europe in July 2017 was produced during favorable condition for photochemical production of ozone and was associated with multiple sources of ozone precursors: biogenic, anthropogenic, and biomass burning emissions.
Xiaojuan Lin, Ronald van der A, Jos de Laat, Henk Eskes, Frédéric Chevallier, Philippe Ciais, Zhu Deng, Yuanhao Geng, Xuanren Song, Xiliang Ni, Da Huo, Xinyu Dou, and Zhu Liu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 6599–6611, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6599-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6599-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Satellite observations provide evidence for CO2 emission signals from isolated power plants. We use these satellite observations to quantify emissions. We found that for power plants with multiple observations, the correlation of estimated and reported emissions is significantly improved compared to a single observation case. This demonstrates that accurate estimation of power plant emissions can be achieved by monitoring from future satellite missions with more frequent observations.
Daniel C. Anderson, Bryan N. Duncan, Julie M. Nicely, Junhua Liu, Sarah A. Strode, and Melanie B. Follette-Cook
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 6319–6338, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6319-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6319-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We describe a methodology that combines machine learning, satellite observations, and 3D chemical model output to infer the abundance of the hydroxyl radical (OH), a chemical that removes many trace gases from the atmosphere. The methodology successfully captures the variability of observed OH, although further observations are needed to evaluate absolute accuracy. Current satellite observations are of sufficient quality to infer OH, but retrieval validation in the remote tropics is needed.
Xiumei Zhang, Ronald van der A, Jieying Ding, Xin Zhang, and Yan Yin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 5587–5604, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5587-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5587-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We compiled a ship emission inventory based on automatic identification system (AIS) signals in the Jiangsu section of the Yangtze River. This ship emission inventory was compared with Chinese bottom-up inventories and the satellite-derived emissions from TROPOMI. The result shows a consistent spatial distribution, with riverine cities having high NOx emissions. Inland ship emissions of NOx are shown to contribute at least 40 % to air pollution along the river.
Yifan Guan, Gretchen Keppel-Aleks, Scott C. Doney, Christof Petri, Dave Pollard, Debra Wunch, Frank Hase, Hirofumi Ohyama, Isamu Morino, Justus Notholt, Kei Shiomi, Kim Strong, Rigel Kivi, Matthias Buschmann, Nicholas Deutscher, Paul Wennberg, Ralf Sussmann, Voltaire A. Velazco, and Yao Té
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 5355–5372, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5355-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5355-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We characterize spatial–temporal patterns of interannual variability (IAV) in atmospheric CO2 based on NASA’s Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2). CO2 variation is strongly impacted by climate events, with higher anomalies during El Nino years. We show high correlation in IAV between space-based and ground-based CO2 from long-term sites. Because OCO-2 has near-global coverage, our paper provides a roadmap to study IAV where in situ observation is sparse, such as open oceans and remote lands.
Yuchen Wang, Xvli Guo, Yajie Huo, Mengying Li, Yuqing Pan, Shaocai Yu, Alexander Baklanov, Daniel Rosenfeld, John H. Seinfeld, and Pengfei Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 5233–5249, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5233-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5233-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Substantial advances have been made in recent years toward detecting and quantifying methane super-emitters from space. However, such advances have rarely been expanded to measure the global methane pledge because large-scale swaths and high-resolution sampling have not been coordinated. Here we present a versatile spaceborne architecture that can juggle planet-scale and plant-level methane retrievals, challenge official emission reports, and remain relevant for stereoscopic measurements.
Liang Feng, Paul I. Palmer, Robert J. Parker, Mark F. Lunt, and Hartmut Bösch
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 4863–4880, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4863-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4863-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Our understanding of recent changes in atmospheric methane has defied explanation. Since 2007, the atmospheric growth of methane has accelerated to record-breaking values in 2020 and 2021. We use satellite observations of methane to show that (1) increasing emissions over the tropics are mostly responsible for these recent atmospheric changes, and (2) changes in the OH sink during the 2020 Covid-19 lockdown can explain up to 34% of changes in atmospheric methane for that year.
Isis Frausto-Vicencio, Sajjan Heerah, Aaron G. Meyer, Harrison A. Parker, Manvendra Dubey, and Francesca M. Hopkins
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 4521–4543, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4521-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4521-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Wildfires are increasing in the western USA, making it critical to understand the impacts of greenhouse gases and air pollutants on the atmosphere. We used a ground-based remote sensing technique to measure the greenhouse gases and aerosol in the atmosphere. We isolate a large smoke plume from a nearby wildfire and calculate variables to understand the fuel properties and combustion phases. We find that a significant amount of methane is emitted from the 2020 California wildfire season.
Hervé Petetin, Marc Guevara, Steven Compernolle, Dene Bowdalo, Pierre-Antoine Bretonnière, Santiago Enciso, Oriol Jorba, Franco Lopez, Albert Soret, and Carlos Pérez García-Pando
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 3905–3935, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3905-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3905-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study analyses the potential of the TROPOMI space sensor for monitoring the variability of NO2 pollution over the Iberian Peninsula. A reduction of NO2 levels is observed during the weekend and in summer, especially over most urbanized areas, in agreement with surface observations. An enhancement of NO2 is found during summer with TROPOMI over croplands, potentially related to natural soil NO emissions, which illustrates the outstanding value of TROPOMI for complementing surface networks.
Siyang Cheng, Xinghong Cheng, Jianzhong Ma, Xiangde Xu, Wenqian Zhang, Jinguang Lv, Gang Bai, Bing Chen, Siying Ma, Steffen Ziegler, Sebastian Donner, and Thomas Wagner
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 3655–3677, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3655-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3655-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We made mobile MAX-DOAS measurements in the background atmosphere over the Tibetan Plateau in summer 2021. We retrieved the tropospheric NO2 and HCHO vertical column densities (VCDs) along extended driving routes and found a decreasing trend of the VCDs with altitude. Elevated NO2 VCDs along the driving routes could be attributed to enhanced traffic emissions from the towns crossed. The spatio-temporal distribution of the HCHO VCDs correlated strongly with the surface temperature.
Cameron G. MacDonald, Jon-Paul Mastrogiacomo, Joshua L. Laughner, Jacob K. Hedelius, Ray Nassar, and Debra Wunch
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 3493–3516, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3493-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3493-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We use three satellites measuring carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) to calculate atmospheric enhancements of these gases from 27 urban areas. We calculate enhancement ratios between the species and compare those to ratios derived from four globally gridded anthropogenic emission inventories. We find that the global inventories generally underestimate CO emissions in many North American and European cities relative to our observed enhancement ratios.
Udo Frieß, Karin Kreher, Richard Querel, Holger Schmithüsen, Dan Smale, Rolf Weller, and Ulrich Platt
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 3207–3232, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3207-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3207-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Reactive bromine compounds, emitted by the sea ice during polar spring, play an important role in the atmospheric chemistry of the coastal regions of Antarctica. We investigate the sources and impacts of reactive bromine in detail using many years of measurements at two Antarctic sites located at opposite sides of the Antarctic continent. Using a multitude of meteorological observations, we were able to identify the main triggers and source regions for reactive bromine in Antarctica.
Madison J. Shogrin, Vivienne H. Payne, Susan S. Kulawik, Kazuyuki Miyazaki, and Emily V. Fischer
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 2667–2682, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2667-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2667-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We evaluate the spatiotemporal variability of peroxy acyl nitrates (PANs), important photochemical pollutants, over Mexico City using satellite observations. PANs exhibit a seasonal cycle that maximizes in spring. Wildfires contribute to observed interannual variability, and the satellite indicates several areas of frequent outflow. Recent changes in NOx emissions are not accompanied by changes in PANs. This work demonstrates analysis approaches that can be applied to other megacities.
Cited articles
Akritidis, D., Zanis, P., Pytharoulis, I., Mavrakis, A., and Karacostas, Th.: A deep stratospheric intrusion event down to the earth's surface of the megacity of Athens, Meteorol. Atmos. Phys., 109, 9–18, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00703-010-0096-6, 2010.
Akritidis, D., Pozzer, A., Zanis, P., Tyrlis, E., Škerlak, B., Sprenger, M., and Lelieveld, J.: On the role of tropopause folds in summertime tropospheric ozone over the eastern Mediterranean and the Middle East, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 14025–14039, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-14025-2016, 2016.
Alper-Siman Tov, D., Peleg, M., Matveev, V., Mahrer, Y., Seter, I., and Luria, M.: Recirculation of polluted air masses over the east Mediterranean coast, Atmos. Environ., 31, 1441–1448, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(96)00321-4, 1997.
Amaroso, A., Beine, H. J., Esposito, G., Perrino, C., Catrambone, M., and Allegrini, I.: Seasonal differences in atmospheric nitrous acid near Mediterranean urban areas, Water Air Soil Poll., 188, 81–92, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-007-9526-6, 2008.
Anagnostopoulou, C., Zanis, P., Kratagkou, E., Tegoulias, I., and Tolika, K.: Recent past and future patterns of the Etesian winds based on regional scale climate model simulations, Clim. Dynam., 42, 1819–1836, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-013-1936-0, 2014.
Andreae, M. O.: The dark side of aerosols, Nature, 409, 671–672, https://doi.org/10.1038/35055640, 2001.
Artuso, F., Chamard, P., Piacentino, S., di Sarra, A., Meloni, D., Monteleone, F., Sferlazzo, D. M., and Thiery, F.: Atmospheric methane in the Mediterranean: analysis of measurements at the island of Lampedusa during 1995–2005, Atmos. Environ., 41, 3877–3888, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.01.024, 2007.
Attié, J. L., Ravetta, F., Durand, P., El Amraoui, L., Di Biaggio, C., Dulac, F., Sicard, M., Renard, J. B., Fleury, L., Bourdon, A., Verdier, N., and the TRAQA/ChArMEx Team: Transport of Pollution and Air Quality experiment over the Mediterranean basin (TRAQA/ChArMEx campaign), Geophys. Res. Abstr., EGU2014-12125, EGU General Assembly 2014, Vienna, Austria, 2014.
Bardouki, H., Berresheim, H., Vrekoussis, M., Sciare, J., Kouvarakis, G., Oikonomou, K., Schneider, J., and Mihalopoulos, N.: Gaseous (DMS, MSA, SO2, H2SO4 and DMSO) and particulate (sulfate and methanesulfonate) sulfur species over the northeastern coast of Crete, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 3, 1871–1886, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-3-1871-2003, 2003a.
Bardouki, H., Liakakou, H., Economou, C., Smolik, J., Zdimal, V., Eleftheriadis, K., Lazaridis, M., and Mihalopoulos, N.: Chemical composition of size resolved atmospheric aerosols in the eastern Mediterranean during summer and winter, Atmos. Environ., 37, 195–208, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00859-2, 2003b.
Barkan, J. and Feliks, Y.: Observations of the diurnal oscillation of the inversion over the Israeli coast, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 62, 393–409, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00705568, 1993.
Boersma, K. F., Eskes, H. J., and Brinksma, E. J.: Error analysis for tropospheric NO2 retrieval from space, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 109, D04311, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JD003962, 2004.
Bovensmann, H., Burrows, J. P., Buchwitz, M., Frerick, J., Noel, S., Rozanov, V. V., Chance, K. V., and Goede, A. P. H.: SCIAMACHY: mission objectives and measurement modes, J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 127–150, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1999)056<0127:SMOAMM>2.0.CO;2, 1999.
Businger, J. A. and Charnock, H.: Boundary layer structure in relation to larger-scale flow: some remarks on the JASIN observations, Philos. T. R. Soc. Lond. A, 308, 1503, 445–449, 1983.
Chamard, P., Thiery, F., di Sarra, A., Ciattaglia, L., De Silvestri, L., Grigrioni, P., Monteleone, F., and Piacentino, S.: Interannual variability of atmospheric CO2 in the Mediterranean: measurements at the island of Lampedusa, Tellus B, 55, 83–93, https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0889.2003.00048.x, 2003.
Chin, M., Rood, R. B., Lin, S. J., Muller, J. F., and Thompson, A. M.: Atmospheric sulfur cycle simulated in the global model GOCART: model description and global properties, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 105, 24671–24687, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JD900384, 2000.
Cohen, R. C., Perkins, K. K., Koch, L. C., Stimpfle, R. M., Wennberg, P. O., Hanisco, T. F., Lanzendorf, J. E., Bonne, G. P., Voss, P. B., Salawitch, R. J., Del Negro, L. A., Wilson, J. C., McElroy, C. T., and Bui, T. P.: Quantitative constraints on the atmospheric chemistry of nitrogen oxides: an analysis along chemical coordinates, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 105, 24283–24304, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JD900290, 2000.
Corbett, J. J., Fischbeck, P. S., and Panis, S. N.: Global nitrogen and sulfur inventories for ocean-going ships, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 104, 3457–3470, https://doi.org/10.1029/1998JD100040, 1999.
Dastoor, A. P. and Larocque, Y.: Global circulation of atmospheric mercury: a modeling study, Atmos. Environ., 38, 147–161, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2003.08.037, 2004.
Davis, R. E. and Kalkstein, L. S.: Using a spatial synoptic classification to assess changes in atmospheric pollution concentrations, Phys. Geogr., 11, 320–342, 1990.
Dayan, U.: Climatology of back trajectories from Israel based on synoptic analysis, J. Clim. Appl. Meteorol., 25, 591–595, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1986)025<0591:COBTFI>2.0.CO;2, 1986.
Dayan, U. and Graber, M.: Analysis of synoptic conditions in the eastern Mediterranean that led to elevated air pollution concentration in Israel, in: Developments in Arid Zone Ecology and Environmental Quality, edited by: Shuval, H. I., Balaban International Science Services, PA, 383–391, 1981.
Dayan, U. and Koch, J.: Ozone concentration profiles in the Los Angeles Basin – a possible similarity in the build-up mechanism of inland surface ozone in Israel, J. Appl. Meteorol., 35, 1085–1090, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1996)035<1085:OCPITL>2.0.CO;2, 1996.
Dayan, U. and Levy, I.: Relationship between synoptic-scale atmospheric circulation and ozone concentrations over Israel, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 107, 4813, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD002147, 2002.
Dayan, U. and Rodnizki, J.: The temporal behavior of the atmospheric boundary layer in Israel, J. Appl. Meteorol., 38, 830–836, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1999)038<0830:TTBOTA>2.0.CO;2, 1999.
Dayan, U., Shenhav, R., and Graber, M.: The spatial and temporal behavior of the mixed layer in Israel, J. Appl. Meteorol., 27, 1382–1394, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1988)027<1382:TSATBO>2.0.CO;2, 1988.
Dayan, U., Heffter, J., Miller, J., and Gutman, G.: Dust intrusion events into the Mediterranean Basin, J. Appl. Meteorol., 30, 1185–1199, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1991)030<1185:DIEITM>2.0.CO;2, 1991.
Dayan, U., Heffter, J., and Miller, J.: Seasonal distribution of the boundary layer depths over the Mediterranean Basin, in: The Impact of Desert Dust Across the Mediterranean, edited by: Guerzoni, S., Chester, R., Kluwer, Dordrecht, 103–112, 1996.
Dayan, U., Lifshitz-Goldreich, B., and Pick, K.: Spatial and structural variation of the atmospheric boundary layer during summer in Israel-Profiler and rawinsonde measurements, J. Appl. Meteorol., 41, 447–457, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(2002)041<0447:SASVOT>2.0.CO;2, 2002.
Dayan, U., Ziv, B., Shoob, T., and Enzel, Y.: Suspended dust over southeastern Mediterranean and its relation to atmospheric circulations, Int. J. Climatol., 28, 915–924, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.1587, 2008.
Dayan, U., Erel, Y., Shpund, J., Kordova, L., Wanger, A., and Schauer, J. J.: The impact of local sources and meteorological factors on nitrogen oxide and particulate matter concentrations: a case study of the Day of Atonement in Israel, Atmos. Environ., 45, 3325–3332, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.02.017, 2011.
Deeter, M. N., Edwards, D. P., Gille, J. C., Emmons, L. K., Francis, G., Ho, S.-P., Mao, D., Masters, D., Worden, H., Drummond, J. R., and Novelli, P. C.: The MOPITT Version 4 CO Product: algorithm enhancements, validation, and long-term stability, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 115, D07306, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD013005, 2010.
Di Biagio, C., Doppler, L., Gaimoz, C., Grand, N., Ancellet, G., Raut, J.-C., Beekmann, M., Borbon, A., Sartelet, K., Attié, J.-L., Ravetta, F., and Formenti, P.: Continental pollution in the western Mediterranean basin: vertical profiles of aerosol and trace gases measured over the sea during TRAQA 2012 and SAFMED 2013, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 9611–9630, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9611-2015, 2015.
Dobbins, R. A.: Atmospheric Motion and Air Pollution, Wiley, Environmental Science and Technology Series, p. 323, 1979.
Doche, C., Dufour, G., Foret, G., Eremenko, M., Cuesta, J., Beekmann, M., and Kalabokas, P.: Summertime tropospheric-ozone variability over the Mediterranean basin observed with IASI, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 10589–10600, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-10589-2014, 2014.
Drori, R., Dayan, U., Edwards, D. P., Emmons, L. K., and Erlick, C.: Attributing and quantifying carbon monoxide sources affecting the Eastern Mediterranean: a combined satellite, modelling, and synoptic analysis study, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 1067–1082, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-1067-2012, 2012.
Elbayoumi, M., Ramli, N. A., Faizah, N., and Al-Madhoun, W.: The effect of seasonal variation on indoor and outdoor carbon monoxide concentrations in Eastern Mediterranean climate, Atmos. Pollut. Res., 5, 315–324, https://doi.org/10.5094/APR.2014.037, 2014.
Emmons, L. K., Carroll, M. A., Hauglustaine, D. A., Brasseur, G. P., Atherton, C., Penner, J., Sillman, S., Levy II, H., Rohrer, F., Wauben, W. M. F., Van Velfthoven, P. F. J., Wang, Y., Jacob, D., Bakwin, P., Dickerson, R., Doddridge, B., Gerbig, C., Honrath, R., Hubler, G., Jaffe, D., Kondo, Y., Munger, J. W., Torres, A., and Voltz-Thomas, A.: Climatologies of NOx and NOy: a comparison of data and models, Atmos. Environ., 31, 1851–1904, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(96)00334-2, 1997.
Emmons, L. K., Walters, S., Hess, P. G., Lamarque, J.-F., Pfister, G. G., Fillmore, D., Granier, C., Guenther, A., Kinnison, D., Laepple, T., Orlando, J., Tie, X., Tyndall, G., Wiedinmyer, C., Baughcum, S. L., and Kloster, S.: Description and evaluation of the Model for Ozone and Related chemical Tracers, version 4 (MOZART-4), Geosci. Model Dev., 3, 43–67, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-3-43-2010, 2010.
Erel, Y., Axelrod, T., Veron, A., Mahrer, Y., and Dayan, U.: Trans-boundary atmospheric lead pollution, Environ. Sci. Technol., 36, 3230–3233, https://doi.org/10.1021/es020530q, 2002.
Erel, Y., Kalderon-Asael, B., Dayan, U., and Sandler, A.: European pollution imported by cooler air masses to the eastern Mediterranean during the summer, Environ. Sci. Technol., 41, 5198–5203, https://doi.org/10.1021/es062247n, 2007.
Erel, Y., Tirosh, O., Kessler, N., Dayan, U., Belkin, S., Stein, M., Sandler, A., and Schauer, J. J.: Atmospheric particulate matter (PM) in the Middle East: toxicity, transboundary transport, and influence of synoptic conditions, in: Medical Geochemistry: Geological Materials and Health, edited by: Censi, P., Darrah, T., Erel, Y., Springer, Dordrecht, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4372-4_3, 2013.
Etiope, G., Lassey, K. R., Lusman, K., and Oschi, B.: Re-appraisal of the fossil methane budget and related emission from geologic sources, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L09307, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL033623, 2008.
Fleming, Z. L., Monks, P. S., and Manning, A. J.: Review: Untangling the influence of air-mass history in interpreting observed atmospheric composition, Atmos. Res., 104–105, 1–39, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2011.09.009, 2012.
Frankenberg, C., Meirink, J. F., van Weele, M., Platt, U., and Wagner, T.: Assessing Methane emissions from global space-borne observations, Science, 308, 1010–1014, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1106644, 2005.
Galani, E., Balis, D., Zanis, P., Zerefos, C., Papayannis, A., Wernli, H., and Gerasopoulos, E.: Observations of stratosphere–troposphere transport events over the eastern Mediterranean using a ground-based lidar system, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 108, 8527, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD002596, 2003.
Gamo, M., Yamamoto, S., and Yokoyama, O.: Airborne measurements of the free convective internal boundary layer during the sea breeze, J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn., 60, 1284–1298, 1982.
Ganor, E., Levin, Z., and Van Grieken, R.: Composition of individual aerosol particles above the Israelian Mediterranean coast during the summer time, Atmos. Environ., 32, 1631–1642, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(97)00397-X, 1998.
Ganor, E., Foner, H. A., Bingemer, H. G., Udisti, R., and Setter, I.: Biogenic sulphate generation in the Mediterranean Sea and its contribution to the sulphate anomaly in the aerosol over Israel and the Eastern Mediterranean, Atmos. Environ., 34, 3453–3462, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(00)00077-7, 2000.
Georgoulias, A. K., Kourtidis, K. A., Buchwitz, M., Schneising, O., and Burrows, J. P.: A case study on the application of SCIAMACHY satellite methane measurements for regional studies: the greater area of the Eastern Mediterranean, Int. J. Remote Sens., 32, 787–813, https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2010.517791, 2011.
Gerasopoulos, E., Kouvarakis, G., Vrekoussis, M., Kanakidou, M., and Mihalopoulos, N.: Ozone variability in the marine boundary layer of the eastern Mediterranean based on 7-year observations, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 110, D15309, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD005991, 2005.
Gerasopoulos, E., Kouvarakis, G., Vrekoussis, M., Donoussis, C., Mihalopoulos, N., and Kanakidou, M.: Photochemical ozone production in the Eastern Mediterranean, Atmos. Environ., 40, 3057–3069, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.12.061, 2006.
Glaser, E., Dagan, N., Furer, O., Gamliel, M., Yogev, A., Fastig, S., Dayan, U., and Benayahu, Y.: A comparison of balloon soundings and lidar scans for measuring the height of the turbulent mixed-layer at a coastal site in Israel, Water Sci. Technol., 27, 271–278, 1993.
Gryning, S. E.: The Oresund experiment – A Nordic mesoscale dispersion experiment over a land-water-land area, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 66, 1403–1407, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1985)066<1403:TENMDE>2.0.CO;2, 1985.
Halevy, G. and Steinberger, E. H.: Inland penetration of the summer inversion from the Mediterranean coast in Israel, Israel J. Earth Sci., 23, 47–54, 1974.
Harpaz, T., Ziv, B., Saaroni, H., and Beja, E.: Extreme summer temperatures in the East Mediterranean – dynamical analysis, Int. J. Climatol., 34, 849–862, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.3727, 2014.
Harris, J. M.: The GMCC Atmospheric Trajectory Program, NOAA Tech. Memo. ERL-ARL-116, Air Resources Laboratory, Silver Spring, MD, NOAA Environmental Research Laboratories, 30 pp., 1982.
Hein, R., Dameris, M., Schnadt, C., Land, C., Grewe, V., Köhler, I., Ponater, M., Sausen, R., B. Steil, B., Landgraf, J., and Brühl, C.: Results of an interactively coupled atmospheric chemistry – general circulation model: Comparison with observations, Ann. Geophys., 19, 435–457, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-19-435-2001, 2001.
Holt, T. and Raman, S.: Marine boundary layer structure and circulation in the region of offshore development of a cyclone during GALE, Mon. Weather Rev., 118, 392–410, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1990)118<0392:MBLSAC>2.0.CO;2, 1990.
Holtslag, A. A. M. and Van Ulden, A. P.: A simple scheme for daytime estimates of the surface fluxes from routine weather data, J. Clim. Appl. Meteorol., 22, 517–529, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1983)022<0517:ASSFDE>2.0.CO;2, 1983.
Hourdin, F., Musat, I., Bony, S., Braconnot, P., Codron, F., Dufresne, J. L., Fairhead, L., Filiberti, M. A., Friedlingstein, P., Grandpeix, J. Y., Krinner, G., LeVan, P., Li, Z. X., and Lott, F.: The LMDZ4 general circulation model: climate performance and sensitivity to parametrized physics with emphasis on tropical convection, Clim. Dynam., 27, 787–813, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-006-0158-0, 2006.
İm, U., Tayan, M., and Yenigün, O.: Interaction patterns of major photochemical pollutants in Istanbul, Turkey, Atmos. Res., 89, 382–390, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2008.03.015, 2008.
Im, U. and Kanakidou, M.: Impacts of East Mediterranean megacity emissions on air quality, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 6335–6355, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-6335-2012, 2012.
James, P., Stohl, A., Forster, C., Eckhardt, S., Seibert, P., and Frank, A.: A 15-year climatology of stratosphere–troposphere exchange with a Lagrangian particle dispersion model, 2, Mean climate and seasonal variability, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 108, 8522, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD002639, 2003.
Kalthoff, N., Binder, H. J., Kossman, M., Vogtlin, R., Corsmeier, U., Fiedler, F., and Schlager, H.: Temporal evolution and spatial variation of the boundary layer over complex terrain, Atmos. Environ., 32, 1179–1194, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(97)00193-3, 1998.
Kanakidou, M., Mihalopoulos, N., Kindap, T., Im, U., Vrekoussis, M., Gerasopoulos, E., Dermitzaki, E., Unal, A., Koçak, M., Markakis, K., Melas, D., Kouvarakis, G., Youssef, A. F., Richter, A., Hatzianastassiou, N., Hilboll, A., Ebojie, F., Wittrock, F., von Savigny, C., Burrows, J. P., Ladstaetter-Weissenmayer, A., and Moubasher, H.: Megacities as hot spots of air pollution in the East Mediterranean, Atmos. Environ., 45, 1223–1235, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.11.048, 2011.
Karnieli, A., Derimian, Y., Indoitu, R., Panov, N., Levy, R. C., Remer, L. A., Maenhaut, W., and Holben, B. N.: Temporal trend in anthropogenic sulfur aerosol transport from central and eastern Europe to Israel, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 114, D00D19, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD011870, 2009.
Kassomenos, P., Kotroni, V., and Kallos, G.: Analysis of climatological and air quality observations from greater Athens area, Atmos. Environ., 29, 3671–3688, https://doi.org/10.1016/1352-2310(94)00358-R, 1995.
Katsoulis, B. D.: The potential for long-range transport of air-pollutants into Greece: a climatological analysis, Sci. Total Environ., 231, 101–113, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00100-X, 1999.
Kleanthous, S., Vrekoussis, M., Mihalopoulos, N., Kalabokas, P., and Lelieveld, J.: On the temporal and spatial variation of ozone in Cyprus, Sci. Total Environ., 476–477, 677–687, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.12.101, 2014.
Kley, D.: Tropospheric chemistry and transport, Science, 276, 1043–1045, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.276.5315.1043, 1997.
Koch, J. and Dayan, U.: A synoptic analysis of the meteorological conditions affecting dispersion of pollutants emitted from tall stacks in the coastal plain of Israel, Atmos. Environ., 26, 2537–2543, https://doi.org/10.1016/0960-1686(92)90105-T, 1992.
Koulouri, E., Saarikoski, S., Theodosi, C., Markaki, Z., Gerasopoulos, E., Kouvarakis, G., Mäkela, T., Hillamo, R., and Mihalopoulos, N.: Chemical composition and sources of fine and coarse aerosol particles in the Eastern Mediterranean, Atmos. Environ., 42, 6542–6550, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.04.010, 2008.
Kourtidis, K., Cerefos, C., Rapsomanikis, S., Simeonov, C., Balis, D., Perros, P. E., Thompson, A. M., Witte, J., Calpini, B., Sharobiem, W. M., Papayannis, A., Mihalopoulos, N., and Draku, R.: Regional levels of ozone in the troposphere over eastern Mediterranean, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 107, 8140, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JD000140, 2002.
Kouvarakis, G., Tsigaridis, K., Kanakidou, M., and Mihalopoulos, N.: Temporal variations of surface regional background ozone over Crete Island in southeast Mediterranean, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 105, 4399–4407, 2000.
Kouvarakis, G., Vrekoussis, M., Mihalopoulos, N., Kourtidis, K., Rappenglueck, B., Gerasopoulos, E., and Zerefos, C.: Spatial and temporal variability of tropospheric ozone (O3) in the boundary layer above the Aegean Sea (eastern Mediterranean), J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 107, 8137, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JD000081, 2002.
Kubilay, N.: The composition of atmospheric aerosol over the Eastern Mediterranean; sources and temporal variability, PhD Thesis, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey, 1996.
Kuwagata, T., Masuko, N., Sumioka, M., and Kondo, J.: The daytime PBL heating process over complex terrain in central Japan under fair and calm weather conditions. Part II: Regional heat budget, convective boundary layer and surface moisture availability, J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn., 68, 639–650, https://doi.org/10.2151/jmsj1965.68.6_639, 1990.
Lammel, G. and Cape, J. N.: Nitrous acid and nitrite atmosphere, Chem. Soc. Rev., 25, 361–369, 1996.
Langenfelds, R. L., Francey, R. G., Pak, B. C., Steele, L. P., Lloyd, J., Trudinger, C. M., and Allison, C. E.: Interannual growth rate variations and atmospheric CO2 and its δ13C, H2, CH4 and CO between 1992 and 1999 linked to biomass burning, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 16, 1048, 21-1–21-22, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001GB001466, 2002.
Lawrence, M. G. and Crutzen, P. J.: Influence of NOx emissions from ships on tropospheric photochemistry and climate, Nature, 402, 167–170, https://doi.org/10.1038/46013, 1999.
Lelieveld, J., Crutzen, P. J., and Dentener, F. J.: Changing concentration, lifetime and climate forcing of atmospheric methane, Tellus B, 50, 128–150, https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0889.1998.t01-1-00002.x, 1998.
Lelieveld, J. and Dentener, F. J.: What controls tropospheric ozone?, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 105, 3531–3551, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JD901011, 2000.
Lelieveld, J., Berresheim, H., Borrmann, S., Crutzen, P. J., Dentener, F. J., Fischer, H., Feichter, J., Flatau, P. J., Heland, J., Holzinger, R., Korrmann, R., Lawrence, M. G., Levin, Z., Markowicz, K. M., Mihalopoulos, N., Minikin, A., Ramanathan, V., de Reus, M., Roelofs, G. J., Scheeren, H. A., Sciare, J., Schlager, H., Schultz, M., Siegmund, P., Steil, B., Stephanou, E. G., Stier, P., Traub, M., Warneke, C., Williams, J., and Ziereis, H.: Global air pollution crossroads over the Mediterranean, Science, 298, 794–799, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1075457, 2002.
Lensky, I. M. and Dayan, U.: Continuous detection and characterization of the Sea Breeze in clear sky conditions using Meteosat Second Generation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 6505–6513, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-6505-2012, 2012.
Lensky, I. M. and Dayan, U.: Satellite observations of land surface temperature patterns induced by synoptic circulation, Int. J. Climatol., 35, 189–195, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.3971, 2015.
Leventidou, E., Zanis, P., Balis, D., Giannakaki, E., Pytharoulis, I., and Amiridis, V.: Factors affecting the comparisons of planetary boundary layer height retrievals from CALIPSO, ECMWF and radiosondes over Thessaloniki, Greece, Atmos. Environ., 74, 360–366, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.04.007, 2013.
Levy, I., Dayan, U., and Mahrer, I.: A 5-yr study of the coastal recirculation and its effect on air pollutants over the East Mediterranean region, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 113, D16121, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD009529, 2008.
Lieman, R. and Alpert, P.: Investigation of the planetary boundary layer height variations over complex terrain, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 62, 129–142, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00705550, 1993.
Liu, J. J., Jones, D. B. A., Worden, J. R., Noone, D., Parrington, M., and Kar, J.: Analysis of the summertime buildup of tropospheric ozone abundances over the Middle East and NorthAfrica as observed by the tropospheric emission spectrometer instrument, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 114, D05304, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD010993, 2009.
Luria, M., Peleg, M., Sharf, G., Alper-Siman Tov, D., Spitz, N., Ben Ami, Y., Gawii, Z., Lifschitz, B., Yitzchaki, A., and Seter, I.: Atmospheric sulfur over the east Mediterranean region, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 101, 25917–25930, https://doi.org/10.1029/96JD01579, 1996.
Mallet, M., Dulac, F., Formenti, P., Nabat, P., Sciare, J., Roberts, G., Pelon, J., Ancellet, G., Tanré, D., Parol, F., Denjean, C., Brogniez, G., di Sarra, A., Alados-Arboledas, L., Arndt, J., Auriol, F., Blarel, L., Bourrianne, T., Chazette, P., Chevaillier, S., Claeys, M., D'Anna, B., Derimian, Y., Desboeufs, K., Di Iorio, T., Doussin, J.-F., Durand, P., Féron, A., Freney, E., Gaimoz, C., Goloub, P., Gómez-Amo, J. L., Granados-Muñoz, M. J., Grand, N., Hamonou, E., Jankowiak, I., Jeannot, M., Léon, J.-F., Maillé, M., Mailler, S., Meloni, D., Menut, L., Momboisse, G., Nicolas, J., Podvin, T., Pont, V., Rea, G., Renard, J.-B., Roblou, L., Schepanski, K., Schwarzenboeck, A., Sellegri, K., Sicard, M., Solmon, F., Somot, S., Torres, B., Totems, J., Triquet, S., Verdier, N., Verwaerde, C., Waquet, F., Wenger, J., and Zapf, P.: Overview of the Chemistry-Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment/Aerosol Direct Radiative Forcing on the Mediterranean Climate (ChArMEx/ADRIMED) summer 2013 campaign, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 455–504, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-455-2016, 2016.
Marmer, E. and Langmann, B.: Impact of ship emissions on the Mediterranean summertime pollution and climate: a regional model study, Atmos. Environ., 39, 4659–4669, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.04.014, 2005.
Marmer, E., Dentener, F., Aardenne, J. v., Cavalli, F., Vignati, E., Velchev, K., Hjorth, J., Boersma, F., Vinken, G., Mihalopoulos, N., and Raes, F.: What can we learn about ship emission inventories from measurements of air pollutants over the Mediterranean Sea?, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 6815–6831, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-6815-2009, 2009.
Matvev, V., Dayan, U., Tass, I., and Peleg, M.: Atmospheric sulfur flux rates to and from Israel, Sci. Total Environ., 291, 143–154, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(01)01089-0, 2002.
McElroy, J. L. and Smith, T. B.: Lidar description of mixing-layer thickness characteristics in a complex terrain/coastal environment, J. Appl. Meteorol., 30, 585–597, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1991)030<0585:LDOMLT>2.0.CO;2, 1991.
Meagher, J. F., Stockburger, L., Bonanno, R. J., Bailey, E. M., and Luria, M.: Atmospheric oxidation of flue-gases from coal-fired power-plants-A comparison between conventional and scrubbed plumes, Atmos. Environ., 15, 749–762, https://doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(81)90279-1, 1981.
Michou, M., Saint-Martin, D., Teyssèdre, H., Alias, A., Karcher, F., Olivié, D., Voldoire, A., Josse, B., Peuch, V.-H., Clark, H., Lee, J. N., and Chéroux, F.: A new version of the CNRM Chemistry-Climate Model, CNRM-CCM: description and improvements from the CCMVal-2 simulations, Geosci. Model Dev., 4, 873–900, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-4-873-2011, 2011.
Mihalopoulos, N., Stephanou, E., Kanakidou, M., Pilitsidis, S., and Bousquet, Q.: Tropospheric aerosol ionic composition in the Eastern Mediterranean region, Tellus B, 49, 314–326, 1997.
Mihalopoulos, N., Kerminen, V. M., Kanakidou, M., Berresheim, H., and Sciare, J.: Formation of particulate sulfur species (sulfate and methanesulfonate) during summer over the Eastern Mediterranean: a modelling approach, Atmos. Environ., 41, 6860–6871, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.04.039, 2007.
Miller, S. T., Keim, B. D., Talbot, R. W., and Mao, H.: Sea breeze: structure, forecasting, and impacts, Rev. Geophys., 41, 1011, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003RG000124, 2003.
Moulin, C., Lambert, C. E., Dayan, U., Masson, V., Ramonet, M., Bousquet, P., Legrand, M., Balkanski, Y. J., Guelle, W., Marticorena, B., Bergametti, G., and Dulac, F.: Satellite climatology of African dust transport in the Mediterranean atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 103, 13137–13144, https://doi.org/10.1029/98JD00171, 1998.
Myriokefalitakis, S., Daskalakis, N., Fanourgakis, G. S., Voulgarakis, A., Krol, M. C., Aan de Brugh, J. M. J., and Kanakidou, M.: Ozone and carbon monoxide budgets over the Eastern Mediterranean, Sci. Total Environ., 563–564, 40–52, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.04.061, 2016.
Nabat, P., Somot, S., Mallet, M., Chiapello, I., Morcrette, J. J., Solmon, F., Szopa, S., Dulac, F., Collins, W., Ghan, S., Horowitz, L. W., Lamarque, J. F., Lee, Y. H., Naik, V., Nagashima, T., Shindell, D., and Skeie, R.: A 4-D climatology (1979–2009) of the monthly tropospheric aerosol optical depth distribution over the Mediterranean region from a comparative evaluation and blending of remote sensing and model products, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 6, 1287–1314, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-1287-2013, 2013.
Neumann, J.: Diurnal variation of the subsidence inversion and radio wave propagation phenomena over the coastal area of Israel, Series A, Meteorol. Notes, 16, Israel Meteorological Service, Jerusalem, 12 pp., 1952.
Nirel, R. and Dayan, U.: On the ratio of sulfur dioxide to nitrogen oxides as an indicator of air pollution sources, J. Appl. Meteorol., 40, 1209–1222, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(2001)040<1209:OTROSD>2.0.CO;2, 2001.
Novelli, P. C., Steele, L. P., and Tans, P. P.: Mixing ratios of carbon-monoxide in the troposphere, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 97, 20731–20750, https://doi.org/10.1029/92JD02010, 1992.
Özden, O., Döğeroğlu, T., and Kara, S.: Assessment of ambient air quality in Eskişehir, Turkey, Environ. Int., 34, 678–687, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2007.12.016, 2008.
Peleg, M., Luria, M., Setter, I., Perner, D., and Russel, P.: Ozone levels in central Israel, Isr. J. Chem., 34, 375–386, https://doi.org/10.1002/ijch.199400041, 1994.
Pielke, R. A. and Stocker, R. A.: A procedure to estimate worst-case air quality in complex terrain, Environ. Int., 17, 559–574, https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-4120(91)90168-P, 1991.
Ranmar, D. O., Matveev, V., Dayan, U., Peleg, M., Kaplan, J., Gertler, A. W., Luria, M., Kallos, G., Katsafados, P., and Mahrer, Y.: Impact of coastal transportation emissions on inland air pollution over Israel: utilizing numerical simulations, airborne measurements and synoptic analyses, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 107, 4331, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD000808, 2002.
Ricaud, P., Sič, B., El Amraoui, L., Attié, J.-L., Zbinden, R., Huszar, P., Szopa, S., Parmentier, J., Jaidan, N., Michou, M., Abida, R., Carminati, F., Hauglustaine, D., August, T., Warner, J., Imasu, R., Saitoh, N., and Peuch, V.-H.: Impact of the Asian monsoon anticyclone on the variability of mid-to-upper tropospheric methane above the Mediterranean Basin, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 11427–11446, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-11427-2014, 2014.
Ricaud, P., Zbinden, R., Catoire, V., Brocchi, V., Dulac, F., Hamonou, E., Canonici, J.-C., El Amraoui, L., Massart, S., Piguet, B., Dayan, U., Nabat, P., Sciare, J., Ramonet, M., Delmotte, M., di Sarra, A., Sferlazzo, D., Di Iorio, T., Piacentino, S., Cristofanelli, P., Mihalopoulos, N., Kouvarakis, G., Pikridas, M., Savvides, C., Mamouri, R., Nisantzi, A., Hadjimitsis, D., Attié, J.-L., Ferré, H., Theron, P., Kangah, Y., Jaidan, N., Guth, J., Jacquet, P., Chevrier, S., Robert, C., Bourdon, A., Bourdinot, J.-F., Etienne, J.-C., Krysztofiak, G., and Theron, P.: The GLAM Airborne Campaign over the Mediterranean Basin, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-16-0226.1, online first, 2017.
Riga-Karandinos, A. and Saitanis, C.: Comparative assessment of ambient air quality in two typical Mediterranean coastal cities in Greece, Chemosphere, 59, 1125–1136, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.11.059, 2005.
Rindsberger, M.: Analysis of mixing depth over Tel-Aviv, Israel, J. Earth Sci., 23, 13–17, 1974.
Rindsberger, M.: Air pollution potential in greater Tel-Aviv area, Israel, J. Earth Sci., 25, 127–132, 1976.
Rodwell, M. J. and Hoskins, B. J.: Monsoons and the dynamics of deserts, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 122, 1385–1404, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49712253408, 1996.
Roelofs, G. J., Scheeren, H. A., Heland, J., Ziereis, H., and Lelieveld, J.: A model study of ozone in the eastern Mediterranean free troposphere during MINOS (August 2001), Atmos. Chem. Phys., 3, 1199–1210, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-3-1199-2003, 2003.
Rudich, Y., Kaufman, J., Dayan, U., Hongbin, Y., and Kleidman, R. G.: Estimation of transboundary transport of pollution aerosols by remote sensing in the eastern Mediterranean, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 113, D14S13, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD009601, 2008.
Safieddine, S., Boynard, A., Coheur, P.-F., Hurtmans, D., Pfister, G., Quennehen, B., Thomas, J. L., Raut, J.-C., Law, K. S., Klimont, Z., Hadji-Lazaro, J., George, M., and Clerbaux, C.: Summertime tropospheric ozone assessment over the Mediterranean region using the thermal infrared IASI/MetOp sounder and the WRF-Chem model, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 10119–10131, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-10119-2014, 2014.
Saliba, N. A., Moussa, S., Salame, H., and El-Fadel, M.: Variation of selected air quality indicators over the city of Beirut, Lebanon: assessment of emission sources, Atmos. Environ., 40, 3263–3268, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.01.054, 2006.
Sciare, J., Bardouki, H., Moulin, C., and Mihalopoulos, N.: Aerosol sources and their contribution to the chemical composition of aerosols in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea during summertime, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 3, 291–302, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-3-291-2003, 2003.
Sciare, J., Oikonomou, K., Cachier, H., Mihalopoulos, N., Andreae, M. O., Maenhaut, W., and Sarda-Estève, R.: Aerosol mass closure and reconstruction of the light scattering coefficient over the Eastern Mediterranean Sea during the MINOS campaign, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 2253–2265, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-2253-2005, 2005.
Schneising, O., Buchwitz, M., Burrows, J. P., Bovensmann, H., Bergamaschi, P., and Peters, W.: Three years of greenhouse gas column-averaged dry air mole fractions retrieved from satellite – Part 2: Methane, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 443–465, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-443-2009, 2009.
Seinfeld, J. H.: Urban air pollution: state of the science, Science, 243, 745–752, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.243.4892.745, 1989.
Sič, B., El Amraoui, L., Piacentini, A., Marécal, V., Emili, E., Cariolle, D., Prather, M., and Attié, J.-L.: Aerosol data assimilation in the chemical transport model MOCAGE during the TRAQA/ChArMEx campaign: aerosol optical depth, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 5535–5554, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-5535-2016, 2016.
Sinclair, V. A., Belcher, S. E., and Gray, S. L.: Synoptic controls on boundary-layer characteristics, Bound.-Layer Meteorol., 134, 387–409, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-009-9455-6, 2010.
Sprenger, M. and Wernli, H.: A northern hemispheric climatology of cross-tropopause exchange for the ERA15 time period (1979–1993), J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 108, 8521, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD002636, 2003.
Stohl, A., James, P., Forster, C., Spinchtinger, N., Marenco, A., Thouret, V., and Smit, H. G. J.: An extension of MOZAIC ozone climatologies using trajectory statistics, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 106, 27757–27768, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD000749, 2001.
Stunder, M. and Sethuraman, S.: A comparative evaluation of the coastal internal boundary layer height, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 32, 177–204, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00120934, 1985.
Svensson, G.: A numerical model for chemical and meteorological processes in the atmospheric boundary layer. Part II: A case study of the air quality situation in Athens, Greece, J. Appl. Meteorol., 35, 955–973, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1996)035<0955:ANMFCA>2.0.CO;2, 1996.
Teyssèdre, H., Michou, M., Clark, H. L., Josse, B., Karcher, F., Olivié, D., Peuch, V.-H., Saint-Martin, D., Cariolle, D., Attié, J.-L., Nédélec, P., Ricaud, P., Thouret, V., van der A, R. J., Volz-Thomas, A., and Chéroux, F.: A new tropospheric and stratospheric Chemistry and Transport Model MOCAGE-Climat for multi-year studies: evaluation of the present-day climatology and sensitivity to surface processes, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 5815–5860, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-5815-2007, 2007.
Tombrou, M., Bossioli, E., Kalogiros, J., Allan, J. D., Bacak, A., Biskos, G., Coe, H., Dandou, A., Kouvarakis, G., Mihalopoulos, N., Percival, C. J., Protonotariou, A. P., and Szabó-Takács, B.: Physical and chemical processes of air masses in the Aegean Sea during Etesians: Aegean-GAME airborne campaign, Sci. Total Environ., 506–507, 201–216, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.10.098, 2015.
Traub, M., Fischer, H., de Reus, M., Kormann, R., Heland, H., Ziereis, H., Schlager, H., Holzinger, R., Williams, J., Warneke, C., de Gouw, J., and Lelieveld, J.: Chemical characteristics assigned to trajectory clusters during the MINOS campaign, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 3, 459–468, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-3-459-2003, 2003.
Tsitouridou, R. and Samara, C.: First results of acidic and alkaline constituents determination in air particulates of Thessaloniki, Greece, Atmos. Environ., 27, 313–319, 1993.
Tyrlis, E. and Lelieveld, J.: Climatology and dynamics of the summer Etesian winds over the Eastern Mediterranean, J. Atmos. Sci., 70, 3374–3396, https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS-D-13-035, 2013.
Tyrlis, E., Lelieveld, J., and Steil, B.: The summer circulation over the eastern Mediterranean, and the Middle East: influence of the South Asian monsoon, Clim. Dynam., 40, 1103–1123, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-012-1528-4, 2013.
Tyrlis, E., Škerlak, B., Sprenger, M., Wernli, H., Zittis, G., and Lelieveld, J.: On the linkage between the Asian summer monsoon and tropopause fold activity over the eastern Mediterranean and the Middle East, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 119, 3202–3221, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JD021113, 2014.
Večeřa, Z., Mikuška, P., Smolík, J., Eleftheriadis, K., Bryant, C., Colbeck, I., and Lazaridis, M.: Shipboard measurements of nitrogen dioxide, nitrous acid, nitric acid and ozone in the eastern Mediterranean Sea, Water Air Soil Poll. Focus, 8, 117–125, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11267-007-9133-y, 2008.
Vinken, G. C. M., Boersma, K. F., van Donkelaar, A., and Zhang, L.: Constraints on ship NOx emissions in Europe using GEOS-Chem and OMI satellite NO2 observations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 1353–1369, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1353-2014, 2014.
Voulgarakis, A., Savage, N. H., Wild, O., Braesicke, P., Young, P. J., Carver, G. D., and Pyle, J. A.: Interannual variability of tropospheric composition: the influence of changes in emissions, meteorology and clouds, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 2491–2506, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-2491-2010, 2010.
Wanger, A., Peleg, M., Sharf, G., Mahrer, Y., Dayan, U., Kallos, G., Kotroni, V., Lagouvardos, K., Varinou, M., Papadopoulos, A., and Luria, M.: Some observational and modelling evidence of long-range transport of air pollutants from Europe towards the Israeli coast, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 105, 7177–7186, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JD901060, 2000.
Yuval, Dubowski, Y., and Broday, D. M.: Allocation of routinely monitored mixing ratios of nitrogen oxides to their sources, Environ. Sci. Technol., 41, 7215–7221, https://doi.org/10.1021/es0702317, 2007.
Zanis, P., Hadjinicolaou, P., Pozzer, A., Tyrlis, E., Dafka, S., Mihalopoulos, N., and Lelieveld, J.: Summertime free-tropospheric ozone pool over the eastern Mediterranean/Middle East, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 115–132, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-115-2014, 2014.
Zbinden, R. M., Thouret, V., Ricaud, P., Carminati, F., Cammas, J.-P., and Nédélec, P.: Climatology of pure tropospheric profiles and column contents of ozone and carbon monoxide using MOZAIC in the mid-northern latitudes (24° N to 50° N) from 1994 to 2009, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 12363–12388, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-12363-2013, 2013.
Zbinden, R. M., Ricaud, P., Catoire, V., Brocchi, V., Massart, S., El Amraoui, L., Attie, J. L., Nabat, P., Dulac, F., Hamonou, E., Dayan, U., Piguet, B., and the SAFIRE team: Processes affecting the tropospheric chemical variability over the Mediterranean Basin: results from the summer GLAM campaign, Atmospheric Processes in the Mediterranean (APM 2016): A joint ACTRIS – BACCHUS – CHArMEx Int. Workshop, 17–21 October 2016, available at: http://www.cyi.ac.cy/index.php/apm-workshop-2016-home.html (last access: 6 November 2017), 2016.
Zhang, J. S. and Rao, S. T.: The role of vertical mixing in the temporal evolution of ground-level ozone concentrations, J. Appl. Meteorol., 38, 1674–1691, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1999)038<1674:TROVMI>2.0.CO;2, 1999.
Ziemke, J. R., Chandra, S., Labow, G. J., Bhartia, P. K., Froidevaux, L., and Witte, J. C.: A global climatology of tropospheric and stratospheric ozone derived from Aura OMI and MLS measurements, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 9237–9251, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-9237-2011, 2011.
Ziv, B., Saaroni, H., and Alpert, P.: The factors governing the summer regime of the eastern Mediterranean, Int. J. Climatol., 24, 1859–1871, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.1113, 2004.
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint