Articles | Volume 12, issue 9
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-4011-2012
© Author(s) 2012. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-4011-2012
© Author(s) 2012. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
07 May 2012
Research article |
| 07 May 2012
Optical-microphysical properties of Saharan dust aerosols and composition relationship using a multi-wavelength Raman lidar, in situ sensors and modelling: a case study analysis
A. Papayannis
National Technical University of Athens, Laser Remote Sensing Laboratory, Zografou, Greece
R. E. Mamouri
National Technical University of Athens, Laser Remote Sensing Laboratory, Zografou, Greece
V. Amiridis
National Observatory of Athens, Institute for Space Applications and Remote Sensing, Athens, Greece
E. Remoundaki
National Technical University of Athens, School of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, Zografou, Greece
G. Tsaknakis
National Technical University of Athens, Laser Remote Sensing Laboratory, Zografou, Greece
P. Kokkalis
National Technical University of Athens, Laser Remote Sensing Laboratory, Zografou, Greece
I. Veselovskii
Physics Instrumentation Center for General Physics, Troitsk, Moscow, Russia
A. Kolgotin
Physics Instrumentation Center for General Physics, Troitsk, Moscow, Russia
A. Nenes
Schools of Earth & Atmospheric Sciences and Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
Institute of Chemical Engineering and High Temperature Chemical Processes, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), Patras, Greece
C. Fountoukis
Institute of Chemical Engineering and High Temperature Chemical Processes, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), Patras, Greece
Related subject area
Subject: Aerosols | Research Activity: Remote Sensing | Altitude Range: Troposphere | Science Focus: Physics (physical properties and processes)
Light-absorbing black carbon and brown carbon components of smoke aerosol from DSCOVR EPIC measurements over North America and central Africa
The emission, transport, and impacts of the extreme Saharan dust storm of 2015
California wildfire smoke contributes to a positive atmospheric temperature anomaly over the western United States
Remote Sensing detectability of airborne Arctic dust
Dust storms from the Taklamakan Desert significantly darken snow surface on surrounding mountains
Opposite effects of aerosols and meteorological parameters on warm clouds in two contrasting regions over eastern China
Effect of wind speed on marine aerosol optical properties over remote oceans with use of spaceborne lidar observations
The role of refractive indices in measuring mineral dust with high-spectral resolution infrared satellite sounders: Application to the Gobi Desert
Assessment of smoke plume height products derived from multisource satellite observations using lidar-derived height metrics for wildfires in the western US
A remote sensing algorithm for vertically resolved cloud condensation nuclei number concentrations from airborne and spaceborne lidar observations
Opinion: Aerosol remote sensing over the next 20 years
Monitoring biomass burning aerosol transport using CALIOP observations and reanalysis models: a Canadian wildfire event in 2019
Thermal infrared observations of a western United States biomass burning aerosol plume
A new look into the impacts of dust radiative effects on the energetics of tropical easterly waves
Wind-driven emissions of coarse-mode particles in an urban environment
Measurement report: Dust and anthropogenic aerosols' vertical distributions over northern China dense aerosols gathered at the top of the mixing layer
Climatological assessment of the vertically resolved optical and microphysical aerosol properties by lidar measurements, sun photometer, and in situ observations over 17 years at Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC) Barcelona
Aerosol optical depth climatology from the high-resolution MAIAC product over Europe: differences between major European cities and their surrounding environments
Impact of assimilating NOAA VIIRS aerosol optical depth (AOD) observations on global AOD analysis from the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS)
Influence of covariance of aerosol and meteorology on co-located precipitating and non-precipitating clouds over Indo-Gangetic Plains
Spectral dependence of birch and pine pollen optical properties using a synergy of lidar instruments
Validation activities of Aeolus wind products on the southeastern Iberian Peninsula
Thermal infrared dust optical depth and coarse-mode effective diameter over oceans retrieved from collocated MODIS and CALIOP observations
A comprehensive reappraisal of long-term aerosol characteristics, trends, and variability in Asia
Satellite (GOSAT-2 CAI-2) retrieval and surface (ARFINET) observations of aerosol black carbon over India
Spatiotemporal variation characteristics of global fires and their emissions
The (mis)identification of high-latitude dust events using remote sensing methods in the Yukon, Canada: a sub-daily variability analysis
Comparison of dust optical depth from multi-sensor products and MONARCH (Multiscale Online Non-hydrostatic AtmospheRe CHemistry) dust reanalysis over North Africa, the Middle East, and Europe
Understanding day–night differences in dust aerosols over the dust belt of North Africa, the Middle East, and Asia
Satellite observations of smoke–cloud–radiation interactions over the Amazon rainforest
Single-scattering properties of ellipsoidal dust aerosols constrained by measured dust shape distributions
Validation of the TROPOMI/S5P aerosol layer height using EARLINET lidars
Vertical characterization of fine and coarse dust particles during an intense Saharan dust outbreak over the Iberian Peninsula in springtime 2021
Aerosol optical depth regime over megacities of the world
South American 2020 regional smoke plume: intercomparison with previous years, impact on solar radiation, and the role of Pantanal biomass burning season
Circular polarization in atmospheric aerosols
Spatiotemporal continuous estimates of daily 1 km PM2.5 from 2000 to present under the Tracking Air Pollution in China (TAP) framework
Robust evidence for reversal of the trend in aerosol effective climate forcing
Simultaneous retrievals of biomass burning aerosols and trace gases from the ultraviolet to near-infrared over northern Thailand during the 2019 pre-monsoon season
A decadal assessment of the climatology of aerosol and cloud properties over South Africa
Aerosol characterisation in the subtropical eastern North Atlantic region using long-term AERONET measurements
Long-range transport of Asian dust to the Arctic: identification of transport pathways, evolution of aerosol optical properties, and impact assessment on surface albedo changes
Canadian and Alaskan wildfire smoke particle properties, their evolution, and controlling factors, from satellite observations
Evaluation of aerosol optical depths and clear-sky radiative fluxes of the CERES Edition 4.1 SYN1deg data product
Arctic spring and summertime aerosol optical depth baseline from long-term observations and model reanalyses – Part 1: Climatology and trend
Vertical structure of biomass burning aerosol transported over the southeast Atlantic Ocean
Arctic spring and summertime aerosol optical depth baseline from long-term observations and model reanalyses – Part 2: Statistics of extreme AOD events, and implications for the impact of regional biomass burning processes
Aerosol atmospheric rivers: climatology, event characteristics, and detection algorithm sensitivities
Dust transport and advection measurement with spaceborne lidars ALADIN and CALIOP and model reanalysis data
Record-breaking dust loading during two mega dust storm events over northern China in March 2021: aerosol optical and radiative properties and meteorological drivers
Myungje Choi, Alexei Lyapustin, Gregory L. Schuster, Sujung Go, Yujie Wang, Sergey Korkin, Ralph Kahn, Jeffrey S. Reid, Edward J. Hyer, Thomas F. Eck, Mian Chin, David J. Diner, Olga Kalashnikova, Oleg Dubovik, Jhoon Kim, and Hans Moosmüller
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 10543–10565, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10543-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10543-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper introduces a retrieval algorithm to estimate two key absorbing components in smoke (black carbon and brown carbon) using DSCOVR EPIC measurements. Our analysis reveals distinct smoke properties, including spectral absorption, layer height, and black carbon and brown carbon, over North America and central Africa. The retrieved smoke properties offer valuable observational constraints for modeling radiative forcing and informing health-related studies.
Brian Harr, Bing Pu, and Qinjian Jin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8625–8651, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8625-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8625-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We found that the formation of the extreme trans-Atlantic African dust event in June 2015 was associated with a brief surge in dust emissions over western North Africa and extreme circulation patterns, including intensified easterly jets, which facilitated the westward transport of dust. The dust plume modified radiative flux along its transport pathway but had minor impacts on air quality in the US due to the record-high Caribbean low-level jet advecting part of the plume to the Pacific.
James L. Gomez, Robert J. Allen, and King-Fai Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 6937–6963, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6937-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6937-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Wildfires in California (CA) have grown very large during the past 20 years. These fires emit sunlight-absorbing aerosols. Analyzing observational data, our study finds that aerosols emitted from large fires in northern CA spread throughout CA and Nevada and heat the atmosphere. This heating is consistent with larger-than-normal temperatures and dry conditions. Further study is needed to determine how much the aerosols heat the atmosphere and whether they are drying the atmosphere as well.
Norman T. O’Neill, Keyvan Ranjbar, Liviu Ivănescu, Yann Blanchard, Seyed Ali Sayedain, and Yasmin AboEl-Fetouh
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1057, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1057, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Dust from mid-latitude deserts or from local drainage basins is a weak component of atmospheric aerosols in the Arctic. Satellite-based dust estimates are often overestimated because dust and cloud measurements can be confused. Illustrations are given with an emphasis on the flawed claim that a classic indicator of dust (negative brightness temperature differences) is proof of the presence of airborne Arctic dust. Low altitude “warm” water plumes are the likely source of such negative values.
Yuxuan Xing, Yang Chen, Shirui Yan, Xiaoyi Cao, Yong Zhou, Xueying Zhang, Tenglong Shi, Xiaoying Niu, Dongyou Wu, Jiecan Cui, Yue Zhou, Xin Wang, and Wei Pu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 5199–5219, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5199-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5199-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigated the impact of dust storms from the Taklamakan Desert on surrounding high mountains and regional radiation balance. Using satellite data and simulations, researchers found that dust storms significantly darken the snow surface in the Tien Shan, Kunlun, and Qilian mountains, reaching mountains up to 1000 km away. This darkening occurs not only in spring but also during summer and autumn, leading to increased absorption of solar radiation.
Yuqin Liu, Tao Lin, Jiahua Zhang, Fu Wang, Yiyi Huang, Xian Wu, Hong Ye, Guoqin Zhang, Xin Cao, and Gerrit de Leeuw
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 4651–4673, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4651-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4651-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A new method, the geographical detector method (GDM), has been applied to satellite data, in addition to commonly used statistical methods, to study the sensitivity of cloud properties to aerosol over China. Different constraints for aerosol and cloud liquid water path apply over polluted and clean areas. The GDM shows that cloud parameters are more sensitive to combinations of parameters than to individual parameters, but confounding effects due to co-variation of parameters cannot be excluded.
Kangwen Sun, Guangyao Dai, Songhua Wu, Oliver Reitebuch, Holger Baars, Jiqiao Liu, and Suping Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 4389–4409, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4389-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4389-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper investigates the correlation between marine aerosol optical properties and wind speeds over remote oceans using the spaceborne lidars ALADIN and CALIOP. Three remote ocean areas are selected. Pure marine aerosol optical properties at 355 nm are derived from ALADIN. The relationships between marine aerosol optical properties and wind speeds are analyzed within and above the marine atmospheric boundary layer, revealing the effect of wind speed on marine aerosols over remote oceans.
Perla Alalam, Fabrice Ducos, and Hervé Herbin
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-888, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-888, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study dives into the impact of mineral dust laboratory complex refractive indices (CRI) on quantifying the dust microphysical properties using satellite infrared remote sensing. Results show that using new CRI obtained by advanced realistic techniques can improve the accuracy of these measurements, emphasizing the importance of choosing the suitable CRI in atmospheric models. This improvement is crucial for better predicting the dust radiative effect and impact on the climate.
Jingting Huang, S. Marcela Loría-Salazar, Min Deng, Jaehwa Lee, and Heather A. Holmes
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3673–3698, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3673-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3673-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Increased wildfire intensity has resulted in taller wildfire smoke plumes. We investigate the vertical structure of wildfire smoke plumes using aircraft lidar data and establish two effective smoke plume height metrics. Four novel satellite-based plume height products are evaluated for wildfires in the western US. Our results provide guidance on the strengths and limitations of these satellite products and set the stage for improved plume rise estimates by leveraging satellite products.
Piyushkumar N. Patel, Jonathan H. Jiang, Ritesh Gautam, Harish Gadhavi, Olga Kalashnikova, Michael J. Garay, Lan Gao, Feng Xu, and Ali Omar
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2861–2883, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2861-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2861-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Global measurements of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) are essential for understanding aerosol–cloud interactions and predicting climate change. To address this gap, we introduced a remote sensing algorithm that retrieves vertically resolved CCN number concentrations from airborne and spaceborne lidar systems. This innovation offers a global distribution of CCN concentrations from space, facilitating model evaluation and precise quantification of aerosol climate forcing.
Lorraine A. Remer, Robert C. Levy, and J. Vanderlei Martins
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2113–2127, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2113-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2113-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosols are small liquid or solid particles suspended in the atmosphere, including smoke, particulate pollution, dust, and sea salt. Today, we rely on satellites viewing Earth's atmosphere to learn about these particles. Here, we speculate on the future to imagine how satellite viewing of aerosols will change. We expect more public and private satellites with greater capabilities, better ways to infer information from satellites, and merging of data with models.
Xiaoxia Shang, Antti Lipponen, Maria Filioglou, Anu-Maija Sundström, Mark Parrington, Virginie Buchard, Anton S. Darmenov, Ellsworth J. Welton, Eleni Marinou, Vassilis Amiridis, Michael Sicard, Alejandro Rodríguez-Gómez, Mika Komppula, and Tero Mielonen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1329–1344, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1329-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1329-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In June 2019, smoke particles from a Canadian wildfire event were transported to Europe. The long-range-transported smoke plumes were monitored with a spaceborne lidar and reanalysis models. Based on the aerosol mass concentrations estimated from the observations, the reanalysis models had difficulties in reproducing the amount and location of the smoke aerosols during the transport event. Consequently, more spaceborne lidar missions are needed for reliable monitoring of aerosol plumes.
Blake T. Sorenson, Jeffrey S. Reid, Jianglong Zhang, Robert E. Holz, William L. Smith Sr., and Amanda Gumber
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1231–1248, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1231-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1231-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Smoke particles are typically submicron in size and assumed to have negligible impacts at the thermal infrared spectrum. However, we show that infrared signatures can be observed over dense smoke plumes from satellites. We found that giant particles are unlikely to be the dominant cause. Rather, co-transported water vapor injected to the middle to upper troposphere and surface cooling beneath the plume due to shadowing are significant, with the surface cooling effect being the most dominant.
Farnaz Hosseinpour and Eric M. Wilcox
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 707–724, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-707-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-707-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study shows mechanistic relationships between the radiative effect of dust aerosols in the Saharan air layer and the kinetic energy of the African easterly waves across the tropical Atlantic Ocean using 22 years of daily satellite observations and reanalysis data based on satellite assimilation. Our findings suggest that dust aerosols not merely are transported by these waves but also contribute to the growth of waves through the enhancement of diabatic heating induced by dust.
Markus D. Petters, Tyas Pujiastuti, Ajmal Rasheeda Satheesh, Sabin Kasparoglu, Bethany Sutherland, and Nicholas Meskhidze
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 745–762, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-745-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-745-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This work introduces a new method that uses remote sensing techniques to obtain surface number emissions of particles with a diameter greater than 500 nm. The technique was applied to study particle emissions at an urban site near Houston, TX, USA. The emissions followed a diurnal pattern and peaked near noon local time. The daily averaged emissions correlated with wind speed. The source is likely due to wind-driven erosion of material situated on asphalted and other hard surfaces.
Zhuang Wang, Chune Shi, Hao Zhang, Yujia Chen, Xiyuan Chi, Congzi Xia, Suyao Wang, Yizhi Zhu, Kaidi Zhang, Xintong Chen, Chengzhi Xing, and Cheng Liu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14271–14292, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14271-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14271-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The annual cycle of dust and anthropogenic aerosols' vertical distributions was revealed by polarization Raman lidar in Beijing. Anthropogenic aerosols typically accumulate at the top of the mixing layer (ML) due to the hygroscopic growth of atmospheric particles, and this is most significant in summer. There is no significant relationship between bottom dust mass concentration and ML height, while the dust in the upper air tends to be distributed near the mixing layer.
Simone Lolli, Michaël Sicard, Francesco Amato, Adolfo Comeron, Cristina Gíl-Diaz, Tony C. Landi, Constantino Munoz-Porcar, Daniel Oliveira, Federico Dios Otin, Francesc Rocadenbosch, Alejandro Rodriguez-Gomez, Andrés Alastuey, Xavier Querol, and Cristina Reche
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 12887–12906, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12887-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12887-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We evaluated the long-term trends and seasonal variability of the vertically resolved aerosol properties over the past 17 years in Barcelona. Results shows that air quality is improved, with a consistent drop in PM concentrations at the surface, as well as the column aerosol optical depth. The results also show that natural dust outbreaks are more likely in summer, with aerosols reaching an altitude of 5 km, while in winter, aerosols decay as an exponential with a scale height of 600 m.
Ludovico Di Antonio, Claudia Di Biagio, Gilles Foret, Paola Formenti, Guillaume Siour, Jean-François Doussin, and Matthias Beekmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 12455–12475, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12455-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12455-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Long-term (2000–2021) 1 km resolution satellite data have been used to investigate the climatological aerosol optical depth (AOD) variability and trends at different scales in Europe. Average enhancements of the local-to-regional AOD ratio at 550 nm of 57 %, 55 %, 39 % and 32 % are found for large metropolitan areas such as Barcelona, Lisbon, Paris and Athens, respectively, suggesting a non-negligible enhancement of the aerosol burden through local emissions.
Sebastien Garrigues, Melanie Ades, Samuel Remy, Johannes Flemming, Zak Kipling, Istvan Laszlo, Mark Parrington, Antje Inness, Roberto Ribas, Luke Jones, Richard Engelen, and Vincent-Henri Peuch
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 10473–10487, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10473-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10473-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) provides global monitoring of aerosols using the ECMWF forecast model constrained by the assimilation of satellite aerosol optical depth (AOD). This work aims at evaluating the assimilation of the NOAA VIIRS AOD product in the ECMWF model. It shows that the introduction of VIIRS in the CAMS data assimilation system enhances the accuracy of the aerosol analysis, particularly over Europe and desert and maritime sites.
Nabia Gulistan, Khan Alam, and Yangang Liu
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1865, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1865, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates the influence of aerosol and meteorology on precipitating and non-precipitating clouds over Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP). The major findings of this study include the high loading of aerosols led to a high occurrence of precipitating clouds under unstable conditions in summer. This study has the potential to open a new avenue for the scientific community to further explore and understand the complications of aerosol-cloud-precipitation over the complex topography of IGP.
Maria Filioglou, Ari Leskinen, Ville Vakkari, Ewan O'Connor, Minttu Tuononen, Pekko Tuominen, Samuli Laukkanen, Linnea Toiviainen, Annika Saarto, Xiaoxia Shang, Petri Tiitta, and Mika Komppula
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9009–9021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9009-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9009-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Pollen impacts climate and public health, and it can be detected in the atmosphere by lidars which measure the linear particle depolarization ratio (PDR), a shape-relevant optical parameter. As aerosols also cause depolarization, surface aerosol and pollen observations were combined with measurements from ground-based lidars operating at different wavelengths to determine the optical properties of birch and pine pollen and quantify their relative contribution to the PDR.
Jesús Abril-Gago, Pablo Ortiz-Amezcua, Diego Bermejo-Pantaleón, Juana Andújar-Maqueda, Juan Antonio Bravo-Aranda, María José Granados-Muñoz, Francisco Navas-Guzmán, Lucas Alados-Arboledas, Inmaculada Foyo-Moreno, and Juan Luis Guerrero-Rascado
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8453–8471, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8453-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8453-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Validation activities of Aeolus wind products were performed in Granada with different upward-probing instrumentation (Doppler lidar system and radiosondes) and spatiotemporal collocation criteria. Specific advantages and disadvantages of each instrument were identified, and an optimal comparison criterion is proposed. Aeolus was proven to provide reliable wind products, and the upward-probing instruments were proven to be useful for Aeolus wind product validation activities.
Jianyu Zheng, Zhibo Zhang, Hongbin Yu, Anne Garnier, Qianqian Song, Chenxi Wang, Claudia Di Biagio, Jasper F. Kok, Yevgeny Derimian, and Claire Ryder
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8271–8304, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8271-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8271-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a multi-year satellite-based retrieval of dust optical depth at 10 µm and the coarse-mode dust effective diameter over global oceans. It reveals climatological coarse-mode dust transport patterns and regional differences over the North Atlantic, the Indian Ocean and the North Pacific.
Shikuan Jin, Yingying Ma, Zhongwei Huang, Jianping Huang, Wei Gong, Boming Liu, Weiyan Wang, Ruonan Fan, and Hui Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8187–8210, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8187-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8187-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
To better understand the Asian aerosol environment, we studied distributions and trends of aerosol with different sizes and types. Over the past 2 decades, dust, sulfate, and sea salt aerosol decreased by 5.51 %, 3.07 %, and 9.80 %, whereas organic carbon and black carbon aerosol increased by 17.09 % and 6.23 %, respectively. The increase in carbonaceous aerosols was a feature of Asia. An exception is found in East Asia, where the carbonaceous aerosols reduced, owing largely to China's efforts.
Mukunda M. Gogoi, S. Suresh Babu, Ryoichi Imasu, and Makiko Hashimoto
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8059–8079, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8059-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8059-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Considering the climate warming potential of atmospheric black carbon (BC), satellite-based retrieval is a novel idea. This study highlights the regional distribution of BC based on observations by the Cloud and Aerosol Imager-2 on board the GOSAT-2 satellite and near-surface measurements of BC in ARFINET. The satellite retrieval fairly depicts the regional and seasonal features of BC over the Indian region, which are similar to those recorded by surface observations.
Hao Fan, Xingchuan Yang, Chuanfeng Zhao, Yikun Yang, and Zhenyao Shen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 7781–7798, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7781-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7781-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Using 20-year multi-source data, this study shows pronounced regional and seasonal variations in fire activities and emissions. Seasonal variability of fires is larger with increasing latitude. The increase in temperature in the Northern Hemisphere's middle- and high-latitude forest regions was primarily responsible for the increase in fires and emissions, while the changes in fire occurrence in tropical regions were more influenced by the decrease in precipitation and relative humidity.
Rosemary Huck, Robert G. Bryant, and James King
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 6299–6318, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6299-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6299-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study shows that mineral aerosol (dust) emission events in high-latitude areas are under-represented in both ground- and space-based detecting methods. This is done through a suite of ground-based data to prove that dust emissions from the proglacial area, Lhù’ààn Mân, occur almost daily but are not always recorded at different timescales. Dust has multiple effects on atmospheric processes; therefore, accurate quantification is important in the calibration and validation of climate models.
Michail Mytilinaios, Sara Basart, Sergio Ciamprone, Juan Cuesta, Claudio Dema, Enza Di Tomaso, Paola Formenti, Antonis Gkikas, Oriol Jorba, Ralph Kahn, Carlos Pérez García-Pando, Serena Trippetta, and Lucia Mona
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 5487–5516, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5487-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5487-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Multiscale Online Non-hydrostatic AtmospheRe CHemistry model (MONARCH) dust reanalysis provides a high-resolution 3D reconstruction of past dust conditions, allowing better quantification of climate and socioeconomic dust impacts. We assess the performance of the reanalysis needed to reproduce dust optical depth using dust-related products retrieved from satellite and ground-based observations and show that it reproduces the spatial distribution and seasonal variability of atmospheric dust well.
Jacob Z. Tindan, Qinjian Jin, and Bing Pu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 5435–5466, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5435-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5435-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We use the Infrared Atmospheric Sounder Interferometer (IASI) retrievals of dust variables (dust optical depth and dust layer height) and surface observations to understand the day- and nighttime variations in dust aerosols over the dust belt. Our results show that daytime dust aerosols are significantly different from nighttime, and such day–night variations are influenced by meteorological factors such as wind speed, precipitation, and turbulent motions within the atmospheric boundary layer.
Ross Herbert and Philip Stier
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 4595–4616, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4595-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4595-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We provide robust evidence from multiple sources showing that smoke from fires in the Amazon rainforest significantly modifies the diurnal cycle of convection and cools the climate. Low to moderate amounts of smoke increase deep convective clouds and rain, whilst beyond a threshold amount, the smoke starts to suppress the convection and rain. We are currently at this threshold, suggesting increases in fires from agricultural practices or droughts will reduce cloudiness and rain over the region.
Yue Huang, Jasper F. Kok, Masanori Saito, and Olga Muñoz
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 2557–2577, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2557-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2557-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Global aerosol models and remote sensing retrievals use dust optical models with inconsistent and inaccurate dust shape approximations. Here, we present a new dust optical model constrained by measured dust shape distributions. This new dust optical model is an improvement on the current dust optical models used in models and retrieval algorithms, as quantified by comparisons against laboratory and field observations of dust optics.
Konstantinos Michailidis, Maria-Elissavet Koukouli, Dimitris Balis, J. Pepijn Veefkind, Martin de Graaf, Lucia Mona, Nikolaos Papagianopoulos, Gesolmina Pappalardo, Ioanna Tsikoudi, Vassilis Amiridis, Eleni Marinou, Anna Gialitaki, Rodanthi-Elisavet Mamouri, Argyro Nisantzi, Daniele Bortoli, Maria João Costa, Vanda Salgueiro, Alexandros Papayannis, Maria Mylonaki, Lucas Alados-Arboledas, Salvatore Romano, Maria Rita Perrone, and Holger Baars
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 1919–1940, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1919-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1919-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Comparisons with ground-based correlative lidar measurements constitute a key component in the validation of satellite aerosol products. This paper presents the validation of the TROPOMI aerosol layer height (ALH) product, using archived quality assured ground-based data from lidar stations that belong to the EARLINET network. Comparisons between the TROPOMI ALH and co-located EARLINET measurements show good agreement over the ocean.
María Ángeles López-Cayuela, Carmen Córdoba-Jabonero, Diego Bermejo-Pantaleón, Michaël Sicard, Vanda Salgueiro, Francisco Molero, Clara Violeta Carvajal-Pérez, María José Granados-Muñoz, Adolfo Comerón, Flavio T. Couto, Rubén Barragán, María-Paz Zorzano, Juan Antonio Bravo-Aranda, Constantino Muñoz-Porcar, María João Costa, Begoña Artíñano, Alejandro Rodríguez-Gómez, Daniele Bortoli, Manuel Pujadas, Jesús Abril-Gago, Lucas Alados-Arboledas, and Juan Luis Guerrero-Rascado
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 143–161, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-143-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-143-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
An intense Saharan dust outbreak crossing the Iberian Peninsula in springtime was monitored to determinine the specific contribution of fine and coarse dust particles at five lidar stations, strategically covering its SW–central–NE pathway. Expected dust ageing along the transport started unappreciated. A different fine-dust impact on optical (~30 %) and mass (~10 %) properties was found. Use of polarized lidar measurements (mainly in elastic systems) for fine/coarse dust separation is crucial.
Kyriakoula Papachristopoulou, Ioannis-Panagiotis Raptis, Antonis Gkikas, Ilias Fountoulakis, Akriti Masoom, and Stelios Kazadzis
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 15703–15727, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15703-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15703-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Megacities' air quality is determined by atmospheric aerosols. We focus on changes over the last two decades in the 81 largest cities, using satellite data. European and American cities have lower aerosol compared to African and Asian cities. For European, North American and East Asian cities, aerosols are decreasing over time, especially in China and the US. In the remaining cities, aerosol loads are increasing, particularly in India.
Nilton Évora do Rosário, Elisa Thomé Sena, and Marcia Akemi Yamasoe
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 15021–15033, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15021-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15021-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The 2020 burning season in Brazil was marked by an atypically high number of fire spots across Pantanal, leading to high amounts of smoke within the biome. This study shows that smoke over Pantanal, usually a fraction of that over Amazonia, was higher and resulted mainly from fires in conservation and indigenous areas. It also contributes to highlighting Pantanal's 2020 burning season as the worst combination of a climate extreme scenario and inadequately enforced environmental regulations.
Santiago Gassó and Kirk D. Knobelspiesse
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 13581–13605, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13581-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13581-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Atmospheric particles interact with light resulting in observable optical polarization. Thus, we can learn about their composition from space. New satellite sensor technology measures full polarization of reflected sunlight. This paper considers circular polarization, an overlooked category of polarization with distinctive features that could bring new insights. We review existing literature and make novel computations to consider this previously underappreciated category of polarization.
Qingyang Xiao, Guannan Geng, Shigan Liu, Jiajun Liu, Xia Meng, and Qiang Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 13229–13242, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13229-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13229-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We provided complete coverage PM2.5 concentrations at a 1-km resolution from 2000 to the present, carefully considering the significant changes in land use characteristics in China. This high-resolution PM2.5 data successfully revealed the local-scale PM2.5 variations. We noticed changes in PM2.5 spatial patterns in association with the clean air policies, with the pollution hotspots having transferred from urban centers to rural regions with limited air quality monitoring.
Johannes Quaas, Hailing Jia, Chris Smith, Anna Lea Albright, Wenche Aas, Nicolas Bellouin, Olivier Boucher, Marie Doutriaux-Boucher, Piers M. Forster, Daniel Grosvenor, Stuart Jenkins, Zbigniew Klimont, Norman G. Loeb, Xiaoyan Ma, Vaishali Naik, Fabien Paulot, Philip Stier, Martin Wild, Gunnar Myhre, and Michael Schulz
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 12221–12239, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12221-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12221-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Pollution particles cool climate and offset part of the global warming. However, they are washed out by rain and thus their effect responds quickly to changes in emissions. We show multiple datasets to demonstrate that aerosol emissions and their concentrations declined in many regions influenced by human emissions, as did the effects on clouds. Consequently, the cooling impact on the Earth energy budget became smaller. This change in trend implies a relative warming.
Ukkyo Jeong, Si-Chee Tsay, N. Christina Hsu, David M. Giles, John W. Cooper, Jaehwa Lee, Robert J. Swap, Brent N. Holben, James J. Butler, Sheng-Hsiang Wang, Somporn Chantara, Hyunkee Hong, Donghee Kim, and Jhoon Kim
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 11957–11986, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11957-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11957-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Ultraviolet (UV) measurements from satellite and ground are important for deriving information on several atmospheric trace and aerosol characteristics. Simultaneous retrievals of aerosol and trace gases in this study suggest that water uptake by aerosols is one of the important phenomena affecting aerosol properties over northern Thailand, which is important for regional air quality and climate. Obtained aerosol properties covering the UV are also important for various satellite algorithms.
Abdulaziz Tunde Yakubu and Naven Chetty
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 11065–11087, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11065-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11065-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study examined the source of atmospheric aerosols and their role in forming clouds and rainfall over South Africa. The research provided answers to the cause of low precipitation, mainly linked to drought and water shortages experienced over the region. Further insight into the cause of occasional flooding that occurs in other parts of the area is provided. Finally, the study described the relationship between aerosol–cloud precipitation based on observation over the region.
África Barreto, Rosa D. García, Carmen Guirado-Fuentes, Emilio Cuevas, A. Fernando Almansa, Celia Milford, Carlos Toledano, Francisco J. Expósito, Juan P. Díaz, and Sergio F. León-Luis
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 11105–11124, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11105-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11105-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A comprehensive characterization of atmospheric aerosols in the subtropical eastern North Atlantic has been carried out in this paper using long-term ground AERONET photometric observations over the period 2005–2020 from a unique network made up of four stations strategically located from sea level to 3555 m height on the island of Tenerife. This is a region that can be considered a key location to study the seasonal dependence of dust transport from the Sahel-Sahara.
Xiaoxi Zhao, Kan Huang, Joshua S. Fu, and Sabur F. Abdullaev
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 10389–10407, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10389-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10389-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Long-range transport of Asian dust to the Arctic was considered an important source of Arctic air pollution. Different transport routes to the Arctic had divergent effects on the evolution of aerosol properties. Depositions of long-range-transported dust particles can reduce the Arctic surface albedo considerably. This study implied that the ubiquitous long-transport dust from China exerted considerable aerosol indirect effects on the Arctic and may have potential biogeochemical significance.
Katherine T. Junghenn Noyes, Ralph A. Kahn, James A. Limbacher, and Zhanqing Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 10267–10290, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10267-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10267-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We compare retrievals of wildfire smoke particle size, shape, and light absorption from the MISR satellite instrument to modeling and other satellite data on land cover type, drought conditions, meteorology, and estimates of fire intensity (fire radiative power – FRP). We find statistically significant differences in the particle properties based on burning conditions and land cover type, and we interpret how changes in these properties point to specific aerosol aging mechanisms.
David W. Fillmore, David A. Rutan, Seiji Kato, Fred G. Rose, and Thomas E. Caldwell
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 10115–10137, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10115-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10115-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents an evaluation of the aerosol analysis incorporated into the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) data products as well as the aerosols' impact on solar radiation reaching the surface. CERES is a NASA Earth observation mission with instruments flying on various polar-orbiting satellites. Its primary objective is the study of the radiative energy balance of the climate system as well as examination of the influence of clouds and aerosols on this balance.
Peng Xian, Jianglong Zhang, Norm T. O'Neill, Travis D. Toth, Blake Sorenson, Peter R. Colarco, Zak Kipling, Edward J. Hyer, James R. Campbell, Jeffrey S. Reid, and Keyvan Ranjbar
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 9915–9947, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9915-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9915-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The study provides baseline Arctic spring and summertime aerosol optical depth climatology, trend, and extreme event statistics from 2003 to 2019 using a combination of aerosol reanalyses, remote sensing, and ground observations. Biomass burning smoke has an overwhelming contribution to black carbon (an efficient climate forcer) compared to anthropogenic sources. Burning's large interannual variability and increasing summer trend have important implications for the Arctic climate.
Harshvardhan Harshvardhan, Richard Ferrare, Sharon Burton, Johnathan Hair, Chris Hostetler, David Harper, Anthony Cook, Marta Fenn, Amy Jo Scarino, Eduard Chemyakin, and Detlef Müller
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 9859–9876, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9859-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9859-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The evolution of aerosol in biomass burning smoke plumes that travel over marine clouds off the Atlantic coast of central Africa was studied using measurements made by a lidar deployed on a high-altitude aircraft. The main finding was that the physical properties of aerosol do not change appreciably once the plume has left land and travels over the ocean over a timescale of 1 to 2 d. Almost all particles in the plume are of radius less than 1 micrometer and spherical in shape.
Peng Xian, Jianglong Zhang, Norm T. O'Neill, Jeffrey S. Reid, Travis D. Toth, Blake Sorenson, Edward J. Hyer, James R. Campbell, and Keyvan Ranjbar
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 9949–9967, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9949-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9949-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The study provides a baseline Arctic spring and summertime aerosol optical depth climatology, trend, and extreme event statistics from 2003 to 2019 using a combination of aerosol reanalyses, remote sensing, and ground observations. Biomass burning smoke has an overwhelming contribution to black carbon (an efficient climate forcer) compared to anthropogenic sources. Burning's large interannual variability and increasing summer trend have important implications for the Arctic climate.
Sudip Chakraborty, Bin Guan, Duane E. Waliser, and Arlindo M. da Silva
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 8175–8195, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8175-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8175-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study explores extreme aerosol transport events by aerosol atmospheric rivers (AARs) and shows the characteristics of individual AARs such as length, width, length-to-width ratio, transport strength, and dominant transport direction, the seasonal variations, the relationship to the spatial distribution of surface emissions, the vertical profiles of wind, aerosol mixing ratio, and aerosol mass fluxes, and the major planetary-scale aerosol transport pathways.
Guangyao Dai, Kangwen Sun, Xiaoye Wang, Songhua Wu, Xiangying E, Qi Liu, and Bingyi Liu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 7975–7993, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7975-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7975-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, a Sahara dust event is tracked with the spaceborne lidars ALADIN and CALIOP and the models ECMWF and HYSPLIT. The performance of ALADIN and CALIOP on tracking the dust event and on the observations of dust optical properties and wind fields during the dust transport is evaluated. The dust mass advection is defined, which is calculated with the combination of data from ALADIN and CALIOP coupled with the products from models to describe the dust transport quantitatively.
Ke Gui, Wenrui Yao, Huizheng Che, Linchang An, Yu Zheng, Lei Li, Hujia Zhao, Lei Zhang, Junting Zhong, Yaqiang Wang, and Xiaoye Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 7905–7932, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7905-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7905-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates the aerosol optical and radiative properties and meteorological drivers during two mega SDS events over Northern China in March 2021. The MODIS-retrieved DOD data registered these two events as the most intense episode in the same period in history over the past 20 years. These two extreme SDS events were associated with both atmospheric circulation extremes and local meteorological anomalies that favor enhanced dust emissions in the Gobi Desert.
Cited articles
Adams, P. J. and Seinfeld, J. H.: Predicting global aerosol size distributions in general circulation models, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 13791–13823, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD001010, 2002.
Amiridis, V., Kafatos, M., Pérez, C., Kazadzis, S., Gerasopoulos, E., Mamouri, R. E., Papayannis, A., Kokkalis, P., Giannakaki, E., Basart, S., Daglis, I., and Zerefos, C.: The potential of the synergistic use of passive and active remote sensing measurements for the validation of a regional dust model, Ann. Geophys., 27, 3155–3164, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-27-3155-2009, 2009a.
Amiridis, V., Balis, D. S., Giannakaki, E., Stohl, A., Kazadzis, S., Koukouli, M. E., and Zanis, P.: Optical characteristics of biomass burning aerosols over Southeastern Europe determined from UV-Raman lidar measurements, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 2431-2440, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-2431-2009, 2009b.
Amiridis, V., Zerefos, C., Kazadzis, S., Gerasopoulos, E., Eleftheratos, K., Vrekoussis, M., Stohl, A., Mamouri, R. E., Kokkalis, P., Papayannis, A., Eleftheriadis, K., Diapouli, E., Keramitsoglou, I., Kontoes, C., Kotroni, V., Lagouvardos, K., Marinou, E., Giannakaki, E., Kostopoulou, E., Giannakopoulos, C., Richter, A., Burrows, J. P., and Mihalopoulos, N.: Impact of the 2009 Attica wild fires on the air quality in urban Athens, Atmos. Environ., 46, 536–544, 2012.
Andreae, M. O.: Climatic effects of changing atmospheric aerosol levels, in World Survey of Climatology, 16, Future Climate of the World, edited by: Henderson-Sellers, A., 341–392, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1995.
Ansmann A., Riebesell, M., Wandinger, U., Weitkamp, C., Voss, C., Lahmann, W., and Michaelis, W.: Combined Raman Elastic-backscatter lidar for vertical profiling of moisture, aerosol extinction, backscatter, and lidar ratio, Appl. Phys., B55, 18–28, 1992.
Ansmann, A., Wagner, F., Althausen, D., Müller, D., Herber, A., and Wandinger, U.: European pollution outbreaks during ACE 2: Lofted aerosol plumes observed with Raman lidar at the Portuguese Coast, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 20725–20734, 2001.
Ansmann, A., Wagner, F., Althausen, D., Müller, D., Herber, A., Von Hoyningen-Huene, W., and Wandinger, U.: European pollution outbreaks during ACE 2: Optical particle properties from multiwavelength lidar and star/Sun photometry, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 4259, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD001109, 2002.
Ansmann, A., Bösenberg, J., Chaikovsky, A., Comerón, A., Eckhardt, S., Eixmann, R., Freudenthaler, V., Ginoux, P., Komguem, L., Linné, H., López Márquez, M. A., Matthias, V., Mattis, I., Mitev, V., Müller, D., Music, S., Nickovic, S., Pelon, J., Sauvage, L., Sobolewsky, P., Srivastava, M. K., Stohl, A., Torres, O., Vaughan, G., Wandinger, U., and Wiegner, M.: Long-range transport of Saharan dust to northern Europe: The 11–16 October 2001 outbreak observed with EARLINET, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4783, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JD003757, 2003.
Ansmann, A., Mattis, I., Müller, D., Wandinger, U., Radlach, M., and Althausen, D.: Ice formation in Saharan dust over central Europe observed with temperature/humidity/aerosol Raman lidar, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D18S12, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JD005000, 2005.
Ansmann, A., Baars, H., Tesche, M., Müller, D., Althausen, D. Engelmann, R., Pauliquevis, T., and Artaxo, P.: Dust and smoke transport from Africa to South America: lidar profiling over Cape Verde and the Amazon rainforest, Geophys. Res. Lett. 36, L11802, https://doi.org/{10.1029/2009GL037923}, 2009.
Ansmann, A., Petzold, A., Kandler, K., Tegen, I., Wendisch, M., Müller, D., Weinzierl, B., Müller, T., Heintzenberg, J.: Saharan mineral dust experiments SAMUM-1 and SAMUM-2: what have we learned?, Tellus, 63B, 403–429, 2011.
Avila, A., Queralt-Mitjans, I., and Alarcon, M.: Mineralogical composition of African dust delivered by red rains over northeastern Spain, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 21977–21996, 1997.
Balis, D., Amiridis, V., Zerefos, C., Gerasopoulos, E., Andreae, M., Zanis, P., Kazantzidis, A., Kazadzis, S., and Papayannis, A.: Raman lidar and sun-photometric measurements of aerosol optical properties over Thessaloniki during a biomass burning episode, Atmos. Environ., 37, 4529–4538, 2003.
Balis, D. S., Amiridis, V., Nickovic, S., Papayannis, A., and Zerefos, C.: Optical properties of Saharan dust layers as detected by a Raman lidar at Thessaloniki, Greece, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L13104, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GL019881, 2004.
Balis, D., Amiridis, V., Kazadzis, S., Papayannis, A., Tsaknakis, G., Tzortzakis, S., Kalivitis, N., Vrekoussis, M., Kanakidou, M., Mihalopoulos, N., Chourdakis, G., Nickovic, S., Pérez, C., Baldasano, J., and Drakakis, M.: Optical characteristics of desert dust over the East Mediterranean during summer: a case study, Ann. Geophys., 24, 807–821, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-24-807-2006, 2006.
Balkanski, Y., Schulz, M., Claquin, T., and Guibert, S.: Reevaluation of Mineral aerosol radiative forcings suggests a better agreement with satellite and AERONET data, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 81–95, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-81-2007, 2007.
Basart, S., Pérez, C., Cuevas, E., Baldasano, J. M., and Gobbi, G. P.: Aerosol characterization in Northern Africa, Northeastern Atlantic, Mediterranean Basin and Middle East from direct-sun AERONET observations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 8265–8282, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-8265-2009, 2009.
Berthier, S., Chazette, P., Couvert, P., Pelon, J., Dulac, F., Thieuleux, F., Moulin, C., and Pain, T.: Desert dust aerosol columnar properties over ocean and continental Africa from Lidar in-Space Technology Experiment (LITE) and Meteosat synergy, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D21202, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006999, 2006.
Bierwirth, E., Wendisch, M., Ehrlich, A., Heese, B., Tesche, M., Althausen, D., Schladitz, A., Müller, D., Otto, S., Trautmann, T., Dinter, T., von Hoyningen, W., and Kahn, R.: Spectral surface albedo over Morocco and its impact on the radiative forcing of Saharan dust, Tellus 61B, 252–269, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0889.2008.00395.x, 2009.
Blanco, A., Dee Tomasi, F., Filippo, E., Manno, D., Perrone, M. R., Serra, A., Tafuro, A. M., and Tepore, A.: Characterization of African dust over southern Italy, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 3, 2147–2159, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-3-2147-2003, 2003.
Bösenberg , J., Matthias, V., Amodeo, A., Amoiridis, V., Ansmann, A., Baldasano, J. M., Balin, I., Balis, D., Böckmann, C., Boselli, A., Carlsson, G., Chaikovsky, A., Chourdakis, G., Comerón, A., De Tomasi, F., Eixmann, R., Freudenthaler, V., Giehl, H., Grigorov, I., Hågörd, A., Iarlori, M., Kirsche, A., Kolarov, G., Komguem, L., Kreipl, S., Kumpf, W., Larchevêque, G., Linné , H., Matthey, R., Mattis, I., Mekler, A., Mironova, I., Mitev, V., Mona, L., Müller, D., Music, S., Nickovic, S., Pandolfi, M., Papayannis, A., Pappalardo, G., Pelon, J., Péerez, C., Perrone, R. M., Persson, R., Resendes, D. P., Rizi, V., Rocadenbosch, F., Rodrigues, J. A., Sauvage, L., Schneidenbach, L., Schumacher, R., Shcherbakov, V., Simeonov, V., Sobolewski, P., Spinelli, N., Stachlewska, I., Stoyanov, D., Trickl, T., Tsaknakis, G., Vaughan, G., Wandinger,U., Wang, X., Wiegner, M., Zavrtanik, M., and Zerefos, C.: EARLINET project: A European Aerosol Research Lidar Network, Max-Planck Institute (MPI), Final Report, 348, 1–250, 2003.
Burton, S. P., Ferrare, R. A., Hostetler, C. A., Hair, J. W., Rogers, R. R., Obland, M. D., Butler, C. F., Cook, A. L., Harper, D. B., and Froyd, K. D.: Aerosol classification using airborne High Spectral Resolution Lidar measurements – methodology and examples, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 5, 73–98, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-5-73-2012, 2012.
Carboni, E., Thomas, G. E., Sayer, A. M., Siddans, R., Poulsen, C. A., Grainger, R. G., Ahn, C., Antoine, D., Bevan, S., Braak, R., Brindley, H., DeSouza-Machado, S., Deuzé, J. L., Diner, D., Ducos, F., Grey, W., Hsu, C., Kalashnikova, O. V., Kahn, R., North, P. R. J., Salustro, C., Smith, A., Tanré, D., Torres, O., and Veihelmann, B.: Desert dust satellite retrieval intercomparison, Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 5, 691–746, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-5-691-2012, 2012.
Chen, G., Ziemba, L. D., Chu, D. A., Thornhill, K. L., Schuster, G. L., Winstead, E. L., Diskin, G. S., Ferrare, R. A., Burton, S. P., Ismail, S., Kooi, S. A., Omar, A. H., Slusher, D. L., Kleb, M. M., Reid, J. S., Twohy, C. H., Zhang, H., and Anderson, B. E.: Observations of Saharan dust microphysical and optical properties from the Eastern Atlantic during NAMMA airborne field campaign, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 723–740, 2011.
Chu, D. A., Kaufman, Y. J., Zibordi, G., Chern, J. D., Mao, J., Li, C., and Holben, B. N.: Global monitoring of air pollution over land from the Earth Observing System-Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4661, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD003179, 2003.
Coude-Gaussen, G., Rognon, P., Bergametti, G., Gomez, L., Strauss, B., Gros, J.M., Le Costumer, N.: Saharan dust over Fuerteventura island (Canaries): chemical and mineralogical characteristics, air mass trajectories, and probable sources, J. Geophys.Res., 92, 9753–9771, 1987.
Coz, E., Gomez-Moreno, F.J., Pujadas, M., Casuccio G. S., Lersh, T. L., and Artinao, B.: Individual particle characteristics of North African dust under different long-transport scenarios, Atmos. Environ., 43, 1850–1863, 2009.
Cuesta J., Edouart, D., Mimouni, M., Flamant, P. H., Loth, C., Gibert, F., Marnas, F., Bouklila, A., Kharef, M., Ouchène, B., Kadi, M., and Flamant, C.: Multiplatform observations of the seasonal evolution of the Saharan atmospheric boundary layer in Tamanrasset, Algeria, in the framework of the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis field campaign conducted in 2006, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D00C07, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD009417, 2008.
Draxler, R. R., Stunder, B., Rolph, G., and Talylor, A.: Hysplit 4 User's Guide, NOAA Air Resources Laboratory, Silver Spring, MD, USA, 2009.
Dubovik, O., Sinyuk, A., Lapyonok, T., Holben, B. N., Mishenko, M., Yangm P., Eck, T. F., Volten, H., Munoz, O., Veihelmanné B., van der Zande, W. J., Leoné J.-F., Sorokin, M., and Slutsker, I.: Application of spheroid models to account for aerosol particle nonsphericity in remote sensing of desert dust, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D11208, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006619, 2006.
Ebert, M., Weinbruch, S., Rausch, A., Gorzawski, G., Hoffmann, P., Wex, H., and Helas, G.: Complex refractive index of aerosols during LACE 98 as derived from the analysis of individual particles, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 8121, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JD000195, 2002.
Eck, T. F., Holben, B. N., Dubovik, O., Smirnov, A., Goulub, P., Chen, H. B., Chatenet, B., Gomes, L., Zhang, X.-Y., Tsay, S.-C., Ji, Q., Giles, D., and Slutsker, I.: Columnar aerosol optical properties at AERONET sites in central eastern Asia and aerosol transport to the tropical mid-Pacific, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D06202, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JD005274, 2005.
EN12341: Air quality. Determination of the PM10 fraction of suspended particulate matter. Reference method and field test procedure to demonstrate reference equivalence of measurement methods, ISBN:0580320782, 18 pp., 1999.
Engelmann, R., Ansmann, A., Horn, S., Seifert, P., Althausen, D., Tesche, M., Esselborn, M., Fruntke, J., Lieke, K., Freudenthaler, V., and Gross, S.: Doppler lidar studies of heat island effects on vertical mixing of aerosols during SAMUM-2, Tellus, 63B, 448–458, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0889.2011.00552.x, 2011.
Feingold, G. and Morley, B.: Aerosol hygroscopic properties as measured by lidar and comparison with in situ measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4327, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD002842, 2003.
Forster, P., Ramaswamy, V., Artaxo, P., Bernsten, T., Betts, R., Fahey, D. W., Haywood, J., Lean, J., Lowe, D. C., Myhre, G., Nganga, J., Prinn, R., Raga, G., Schulz, M., and Van Dorland, R.: Changes in Atmospheric Constituents and in Radiative Forcing, in: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, edited by: Solomon, S., Qin, D., Manning, M., Chen, Z., Marquis, M., Averyt, K. B., Tignor, M., and Miller, H. L., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 129–234, 2007.
Fountoukis, C. and Nenes, A.: ISORROPIA II: a computationally efficient thermodynamic equilibrium model for KK+-Ca2+-Mg2+-NH$^{+4}$-Na+–SO$_{2}^{-4}$–NO−3-Cl--H2O aerosols, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 4639–4659, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-4639-2007, 2007.
Fountoukis, C., Nenes, A., Sullivan, A., Weber, R., Van Reken, T., Fischer, M., Matías, E., Moya, M., Farmer, D., and Cohen, R. C.: Thermodynamic characterization of Mexico City aerosol during MILAGRO 2006, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 2141–2156, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-2141-2009, 2009.
Franke, K., Ansmann, A., Müller, D., Althausen, D., Venkataraman, C., Reddy, M. S., Wagner, F., and Scheele, R.: Optical properties of the Indo-Asian haze layer over the tropical Indian Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4059, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD002473, 2003.
Gasteiger, J., Wiegner, M., Gro{ß}, S., Freudenthaler, V., Toledano, C., Tesche, M., and Kandle, K.: Modelling lidar-relevant optical properties of complex mineral dust aerosols, Tellus, 63B, 725–741, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0889.2011.00559.x, 2011a.
Gasteiger, J., Gro{ß}, S., Freudenthaler, V., and Wiegner, M.: Volcanic ash from Iceland over Munich: mass concentration retrieved from ground-based remote sensing measurements, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 2209–2223, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-2209-2011, 2011b.
Gerasopoulos, E., Amiridis, V., Kazadzis, S., Kokkalis, P., Eleftheratos, K., Andreae, M. O., Andreae, T. W., El-Askary, H., and Zerefos, C. S.: Three-year ground based measurements of aerosol optical depth over the Eastern Mediterranean: the urban environment of Athens, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 2145–2159, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-2145-2011, 2011.
Giannakaki, E., Balis, D. S., Amiridis, V., and Zerefos, C.: Optical properties of different aerosol types: seven years of combined Raman-elastic backscatter lidar measurements in Thessaloniki, Greece, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 3, 569–578, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-3-569-2010, 2010.
Gross, S., Tesche, M., Freudenthaler, V., Toledano, C., Wiegner, M., Ansmann, A., Althausen, D., and Seefeldner, M.: Characterization of Saharan dust, marine aerosols and a mixture of biomass-burning aerosols and dust by means of multi-wavelength depolarization- and Raman measurements during SAMUM-2, Tellus, 63B, 706–724, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0889.2011.00556.x, 2011.
Hansell, R. A., Liou, K. N., Ou ,S. C., Tsay, S. C., Ji, Q., and Reid, J. S.: Remote sensing of mineral dust aerosol using AERI during the UAE2: A modelling and sensitivity study, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D18202, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD010246, 2008.
Haustein, K., Pérez, C., Baldasano, J. M., Müller, D., Tesche, M., Schladitz, A., Esselborn, M., Weinzier, B., Kandler, K., and von Hoyningen-Huene, W.: Regional dust model performance during SAMUM 2006, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L03812, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL036463, 2009.
Haywood, J. M., Allan, R. P., Culverwell, I., Slingo, T., Milton, S. Edwards, J., and Clerbeaux, N.: Can desert dust explain the outgoing longwave radiation anomaly over the Sahara during July 2003?, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D05105, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JD005232, 2005.
Heald, C. L., Jacob, D. J., Park, R. J., Russell, L. M., Huebert, B., J., Seinfeld, J. H., Liao, H., and Weber, R. J.: A large organic aerosol source in the free troposphere missing from current models, J. Geophys. Res. 32, L18809, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL023831, 2005.
Heese, B. and Wiegner, M.: Vertical aerosol profiles from Raman polarization lidar observations during the dry season AMMA field campaign, J. Geophys. Res. 113, D00C11, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD009487, 2008.
Heinold, B., Helmert, J., Hellmuth, O., Wolke, R., Ansmann, A., Marticorena, B., Laurent, B., and Tegen, I.: Regional modeling of Saharan dust events using LM-MUSCAT: Model description and case studies, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D11204, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007443, 2007.
Holben, B. N., Eck, T. F., Slutsker, I., Tanré, D., Buis, J. P., Setzer, A., Vermote, E., Reagan, J. A., Kaufman, Y. J., Nakajima, T., Lavenu, F., Jankowiak, I., and Smirnov, A.: AERONET-A federated instrument network and data archive for aerosol characterization, Rem. Sens. Environ., 66, 1–16, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0034-4257(98)00031-5, 1998.
Holben, B. N., Eck, T. F., Slutsker, I., Smirnov, A., Sinyuk, A., Schafer, J., Giles, D., and Dubovik, O.: AERONET's version 2.0 quality assurance criteria, Proc. SPIE, 6408, 64080Q, doi.org/10.1117/12.706524, 2006.
Jiménez-Guerrero, P., Pérez, C., Jobra, O., and Baldasano, J.: Contribution of Saharan dust in 15 an ingrated air quality system and its on-line assessment, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L03814, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL031580, 2008.
Kandler, K., Schütz, L., Deutscher, C., Hofmann, H., Jäckel, S., Knippertz, P., Lieke, K., Ma{ß}ling, A., Schladitz, A., Weinzierl, B., Zorn, S., Ebert, M., Jaenicke, R., Petzold, A., Weinbruch, S.: Size distribution, mass concentration, chemical and mineralogical composition, and derived optical parameters of the boundary layer aerosol at Tinfou, Morocco, during SAMUM 2006, Tellus, 61B, 32–50, 2009.
Karageorgos, E. T. and Rapsomanikis, S.: Chemical characterization of the inorganic fraction of aerosols and mechanisms of the neutralization of atmospheric acidity in Athens, Greece, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 3015–3033, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-3015-2007, 2007.
Karydis, V. A., Tsimpidi, A. P., Fountoukis, C., Nenes, A., Zavala, M., Lei, W., Molina, L. T., and Pandis, S. N.: Simulating the fine and coarse inorganic particulate matter concentrations in a polluted megacity, Atmos. Environ., 44, 608–620, 2010.
Kaufman, Y. and Tanré, D.: Algorithms for remote sensing of tropospheric aerosol from MODIS. NASA MODIS Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document, Goddard Space Flight Center, 85 pp., 1998.
Kim, K. W., He, Z., and Kim, Y. J.: Physicochemical characteristics and radiative properties of Asian dust particles observed at Kwangju, Korea, during the 2001 ACE-Asia intensive observation period, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D19S02, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JD003693, 2004.
Kim, H.-S., Chung, Y. -C., and Lee, S. G.: Analysis of spatial and seasonal distributions of MODIS aerosol optical properties and ground-based measurements of mass concentrations in the Yellow Sea region in 2009, Environ Monit. Assess., 1973–1984, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-012-2559, 2012.
Kinne, S., Schulz, M., Textor, C., Guibert, S., Balkanski, Y., Bauer, S. E., Berntsen, T., Berglen, T. F., Boucher, O., Chin, M., Collins, W., Dentener, F., Diehl, T., Easter, R., Feichter, J., Fillmore, D., Ghan, S., Ginoux, P., Gong, S., Grini, A., Hendricks, J., Herzog, M., Horowitz, L., Isaksen, I., Iversen, T., Kirkevåg, A., Kloster, S., Koch, D., Kristjansson, J. E., Krol, M., Lauer, A., Lamarque, J. F., Lesins, G., Liu, X., Lohmann, U., Montanaro, V., Myhre, G., Penner, J., Pitari, G., Reddy, S., Seland, O., Stier, P., Takemura, T., and Tie, X.: An AeroCom initial assessment – optical properties in aerosol component modules of global models, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 1815–1834, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-1815-2006, 2006.
Kleidman, R. G., Smirnov, A., Levy, R. C., Mattoo, S., and Tanré, D.: Evaluation and wind speed dependence of MODIS aerosol retrievals over open ocean, IEEE T. Geosci. Remote, 50, 429–435, 2012.
Koulouri, E., Saarikoski, S., Theodosi, C., Markaki, Z., Gerasopoulos, E., Kouvarakis, G., Mäkelä, T., Hillamo, R., and Mihalopoulos, N.: Chemical composition and sources of fine and coarse aerosol particles in the Eastern Mediterranean, Atmos. Environ., 42, 6542–6550, 2008.
Lelieveld, J., Berresheim, H., Borrmann, S., Crutzen, P. J., Dentener, F. J., Fischer, H., Feichter, J., Flatau, P. J., Heland, J., Holzinger, R., Korrmann, R., Lawrence, M. G., Levin, Z., Markowicz, K. M., Mihalopoulos, N., Minikin, A., Ramanathan, V., de Reus, M., Roelofs, G. J., Scheeren, H. A., Sciare, J., Schlager, H., Schultz, M., Siegmund, P., Steil, B., Stephanou, E., Stier, P., Traub, M., Warneke, C., Williams, J., and Ziereis, H.: Global air pollution crossroads over the Mediterranean, Science, 794–799, 2002, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1075457.
Léon, J.-F., Tanré, D., Pelon, J., Kaufman, Y. J., Haywood, J. M., and Chatenet, B.: Profiling of a Saharan dust outbreak based on a synergy between active and passive remote sensing, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 8575, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD002774, 2003.
Levin, Z. and Cotton, W.: Aerosol Pollution Impact on Precipitation: A Scientific Review, Springer, New York, USA, 2009.
Levy, R. C., Remer, L. A., Mattoo, S., Vermote, E. F., and Kaufman, Y. J.: Second generation operational algorithm: Retrieval of aerosol properties over land from inversion of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer spectral reflectance, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D13211, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007811, 2007.
Levy, R. C., Remer, L. A., Kleidman, R. G., Mattoo, S., Ichoku, C., Kahn, R., and Eck, T. F.: Global evaluation of the Collection 5 MODIS dark-target aerosol products over land, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 10399–10420, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-10399-2010, 2010.
Lieke, K., Kandler, K., Scheuvens, D., Emmel, C., Von Glahn, C., Petzold, A., Weinzierl, B., Veira, A., Ebert, M., Weinbruch, S., and Schütz, L.: Particle chemical properties in the vertical column based on aircraft observations in the vicinity of Cape Verde Islands, Tellus, 63B, 497–511, 2011.
Liu, Z., Winker, D., Omar, A., Vaughan, M., Trepte, C., Hu, Y., Powell, K., Sun, W., Lin, B.: Effective lidar ratios of dense dust layers over North Africa derived from the CALIOP measurements, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Ra., 112, 204–213, 2011.
Lohmann, U., Rotstayn, L., Storelvmo, T., Jones, A., Menon, S., Quaas, J., Ekman, A. M. L., Koch, D., and Ruedy, R.: Total aerosol effect: radiative forcing or radiative flux perturbation?, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 3235–3246, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-3235-2010, 2010.
Mahowald, N. M., Yoshioka, M., Collins, W. D., Conley, A. J., Fillmore, D.W., and Coleman, D. B.: Climate response and radiative forcing from mineral aerosols during the last glacial maximum, pre-industrial, current and doubled-carbon dioxide climates, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L20705, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006gl026126, 2006.
Mamouri, R. E., Papayannis, A., Tsaknakis, G., Amiridis, V., and Koukouli, M.: First water vapor measurements over Athens, Greece, obtained by a combined Raman-elastic backscatter lidar system, Opt. Pura Aplic., 41, 109–116, 2008.
Mamouri, R. E., Amiridis, V., Papayannis, A., Giannakaki, E., Tsaknakis, G., and Balis, D. S.: Validation of CALIPSO space-borne-derived aerosol vertical structures using a ground-based lidar in Athens, Greece, Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 2, 561–587, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-2-561-2009, 2009.
Markou, M. T. and Kassomenos, P.: Cluster analysis of five years of back trajectories arriving in Athens, Greece, Atmos. Res., 98, 438–457, 2010.
Matthias, V., Balis, D., Boesenberg, J., Eixmann, R., Iarlori, M., Komguem, L., Mattis, I., Papayannis, A., Pappalardo, G., Perrone, M. R., and Wang, X.: Vertical aerosol distribution over Europe: Statistical analysis of Raman lidar data from 10 European Aerosol Research Lidar Network (EARLINET) stations, J. Geophys. Res., 109, 1–12, 2004.
Mattis I., Müller, D., Ansmann, A., Wandinger, U., Preissler, J., Seifert, P., and Tesche, M.: Ten years of multiwavelength Raman lidar observations of free-tropospheric aerosol layers over central Europe: Geometrical properties and annual cycle, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D20202, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD009636, 2008.
McConnell, C. L., Highwood, E. J., Coe, H., Formenti, P., Anderson, B., Osborne, S., Nava, S., Desboeufs, K., Chen, G., and Harrison, M. A. J.: Seasonal variations of the physical and optical characteristics of Saharan dust: results from the Dust Outflow and Deposition to the Ocean (DODO) experiment, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D14S05, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD009606, 2008.
McConnell, C. L., Formenti, P., Highwood, E. J., and Harrison, M. A. J.: Using aircraft measurements to determine the refractive index of Saharan dust during the DODO Experiments, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 3081–3098, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-3081-2010, 2010.
Merikallio, S., Lindqvist, H., Nousiainen, T., and Kahnert, M.: Modelling light scattering by mineral dust using spheroids: assessment of applicability, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 5347–5363, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-5347-2011, 2011.
Metzger, S., Mihalopoulos, N., and Lelieveld, J.: Importance of mineral cations and organics in gas-aerosol partitioning of reactive nitrogen compounds: case study based on MINOS results, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 5, 12857–12893, https://doi.org/10.5194/acpd-5-12857-2005, 2005.
Min, Q.-L., Li, R., Lin, B., Joseph, E., Wang, S., Hu, Y., Morris, V., and Chang, F.: Evidence of mineral dust altering cloud microphysics and precipitation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 3223–3231, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-3223-2009, 2009.
Mishchenko, M. I. and Hovenier, J. W.: Depolarization of light backscattered by randomly oriented nonspherical particles, Opt. Lett., 20, 1356–1358, 1995.
Mishchenko, M. I., Travis, L. D., Kahn, R. A., and West, R. A.: Modelling phase functions for dustlike tropospheric aerosols using a mixture of randomly oriented polydisperse spheroids, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 16831–16847, 1997.
Mishchenko, M. I., Geogdzhayev, I. V., Liu, L., Ogren, J. A., Lacis, A. A., Rossow, W. B., Hovenier, J. W., Volten, H., and Muoz, O.: Aerosol retrievals from AVHRR radiances: effects of particle nonsphericity and absorption and an updated long-term global climatology of aerosol properties, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 79/80, 953–972, 2003.
Misra, A., Jayaraman, A., and Ganguly, D.: Validation of MODIS derived aerosol optical depth over Western India, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D04203, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD009075, 2008.
Mona, L., Pappalardo, G., Amodeo, A., D'Amico, G., Madonna, F., Boselli, A., Giunta, A., Russo, F., and Cuomo, V.: One year of CNR-IMAA multi-wavelength Raman lidar measurements in coincidence with CALIPSO overpasses: Level 1 products comparison, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 7213–7228, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-7213-2009, 2009.
Moya, M., Ansari, A. S., and Pandis, S. N.: Partitioning of nitrate and ammonium between the gas and particulate phases during the 1997 IMADA-AVER study in Mexico City, Atmos. Environ., 35, 1791–1804, 2001.
Müller, D., Wandinger, U., and Ansmann, A.: Microphysical particle parameters from extinction and backscatter lidar data by inversion with regularization: theory, Appl. Opt., 38, 2346–2357, 1999.
Müller, D., Franke, K., Ansmann, A., Althausen, D., and Wagner, F.: Indo-Asian pollution during INDOEX: Microphysical particle properties and single-scattering albedo inferred from multiwavelength lidar observations, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4600, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JD003538, 2003.
Müller, D., Mattis, I., Ansmann, A., Wehner, B., Althausen, D., Wandinger, U., and Dubovik, O.: Closure study on optical and microphysical properties of a mixed urban and Arctic haze air mass observed with Raman lidar and Sun photometer, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D13206, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JD004200, 2004.
Müller, D., Mattis, I., Wandinger, U., Ansmann, A., Althausen, D., and Stohl, A.: Raman lidar observations of aged Siberian and Canadian forest-fire smoke in the free troposphere over Germany in 2003: microphysical particle characterization, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D17201, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JD005756, 2005.
Müller, D., Ansmann, A., Mattis, I., Tesche, M., Wandinger, U., Altahusen, D., and Pisdani, G.: Aerosol-type-dependent lidar ratios observed with Raman lidar, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D16202, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD008292, 2007.
Müller, D., Heinold, B., Tesche, M., Tegen, I., Althausen, D., Amiridis, V., Amodeo, A., Ansmann, A., Alados-Arboledas, L. Balis, D., Comeron, A., D'Amico, G., Gerasopoulos, E., Freudenthaler, V., Giannakaki, E., Heese, B., Iarlori, M., Mamouri, R. E., Mona, L., Papayannis, A., Pappalardo, G., Perrone, R.-M., Pisani, G., Rizi, V., Sicard, M., Spinelli, N., Tafuro, A.: EARLINET Observations of the 14–22 May Long-Dust Transport Event During SAMUM 2006: Validation Results From Dust Transport Modelling, Tellus, 61B, 325–339, 2009.
Müller, D., Weinzierl, B., Petzold, A., Kandler, K., Ansmann, A., Müller, T., Tesche, M., Freudenthaler, V., Esselborn, M., Heese, B., Althausen, D., Schladitz, A., Otto, S., and Knippertz. P.: Mineral dust observed with AERONET Sun-sky radiometer, Raman lidar, and in situ instruments during SAMUM 2006: Shape-independent particle properties, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D07202, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD012520, 2010.
Müller, T., Schladitz, A., Massling, A., Kaaden, A., Kandler, K., and Wiedensohler, A.: Spectral absorption coefficients and imaginary parts of refractive indices of Saharan dust during SAMUM-1, Tellus, 61B, 79–95, 2009.
Müller, T., Schladitz, A., Kandler, K., and Wiedensohler, A.: Spectral particle absorption coefficients, single scattering albedos, and imaginary parts of refractive indices from ground based insitu measurements at Cape Verde Island during SAMUM-2, Tellus, 63B, 573–588, 2011.
Nickovic, Kallos, G., Papadopoulos, A., and Kakaliagou, O.: A model for prediction of desert dust cycle in the atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 18113–18129, 2001.
Noh, Y. M., Kim, Y. J., Choi, B. C., and Murayama, T.: Aerosol lidar ratio characteristics measured by a multi-wavelength Raman lidar system at Anmyeon island, Korea, Atmos. Res., 86, 76–87, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2007.03.006, 2007.
Noh, Y. M., Müller, D., Shin, D. H., Lee, H., Jung, J. S., Lee, K. H., Cribb, M., Li, Z., and Kim, Y. J.:, Optical and microphysical properties of severe haze and smoke aerosol measured by integrated remote sensing techniques in Gwangju, Korea, Atmos. Environ., 43, 879–888, 2009.
Nowak, J. B., Huey, L. G., Russell, A. G., Tian, D., Neuman, J. A., Orsini, D., Sjostedt, S. J., Sullivan, A. P., Tanner, D. J., Weber, R. J., Nenes, A., Edgerton, E., and Fehsenfeld, F. C.: Analysis of urban gas phase ammonia measurements from the 2002 Atlanta Aerosol Nucleation and Real-Time Characterization Experiment (ANARChE), J. Geophys. Res., 111, D17308, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007113, 2006.
Osterloch, L., Böckmann, C., Mamouri, R. E., Papayannis, A.: An adaptive base point algorithm for the retrieval of aerosol microphysical properties, The Open Atmospheric Science Journal, 5, 61–73, 2011.
Otto, S., Bierwirth, E., Weinzierl, B., Kandler, K., Esselborn, M., Tesche, M., Schladitz, A.,Wendisch, M., and Trautmann, T.: Solar radiative effects of a Saharan dust plume observed during SAMUM assuming spheroidal model particles, Tellus, 61B, 270–296, 2009.
Pahlow, M., Müller, D., Tesche, M., Eichler, H., Feingold, G., Eberhard, W. L., and Cheng, Y.-F.: Retrieval of aerosol properties from combined multiwavelength lidar and sunphotometer measurements, Appl. Opt., 45, 7429–7442, 2006.
Papadimas, C. D., Hatzianastassiou, N., Mihalopoulos, N., Kanakidou, M., Katsoulis, B. D., and Vardavas, I.: Assessment of the MODIS Collections C005 and C004 aerosol optical depth products over the Mediterranean basin, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 2987–2999, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-2987-2009, 2009.
Papayannis, A., Balis, D., Amiridis, V., Chourdakis, G., Tsaknakis, G., Zerefos, C., Castanho, A. D. A., Nickovic, S., Kazadzis, S., and Grabowski, J.: Measurements of Saharan dust aerosols over the eastern Mediterranean using elastic backscatter-Raman lidar, spectrophotometric and satellite observations in the frame of the EARLINET project, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 2065–2079, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-2065-2005, 2005.
Papayannis, A., Amiridis, V., Mona, L., Tsaknakis, G., Balis, D., Bösenberg, J., Chaikovski, A., De Tomasi, F., Grigorov, I., Mattis, I., Mitev, V., Müller, D., Nickovic, S., Perez, C., Pietruczuk, A., Pisani, G., Ravetta, F., Rizi, V., Sicard, M., Trickl, T., Wiegner, M., Gerding, M., Mamouri, R. E., D'Amico, G., and Pappalardo, G.: Systematic lidar observations of Saharan dust over Europe in the frame of EARLINET (2000–2002), J. Geophys. Res., 113, D10204, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD009028, 2008.
Pappalardo, G., Wandinger, U., Mona, L., Hiebsch, A., Mattis, I., Amodeo, A., Ansmann, A., Seifert, P., Linnè, H., Apituley, A., Alados Arboledas, L., Balis, D., Chaikovsky, A., Comeron, A., D'Amico, G., Freudenthaler, V., Grigorov, I., Papayannis, A., Perrone, M. R., Pietruczuk, A., Pujadas, M., Rizi, V., Spinelli, N., Wang, X., Wiegner, M.: EARLINET correlative measurements for CALIPSO: first intercomparison results, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D00H19, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD012147, 2010.
Patterson, E. M., Filette, D. A., and Stockton, B. H.: Complex index of refraction between 300 and 700 nm for Saharan aerosols, J. Geophys. Res., 82, 3153–3160, 1977.
Pay, M. T., Piot, M., Jorba, O., Gassó, S., Gonçalves, M., Basart, S., Dabdub, D., Jiménez-Guerrero, P., Baldasano, J. M.: A full year evaluation of the CALIOPE-EU air quality modelling system over Europe for 2004, Atmos. Environ., 44, 3322–3342, 2010.
Pelon, J., Mallet, M., Mariscal, A., Goloub, G., Tanré, D. Bou Karam, D., Flamant, C., Haywood, J., Pospichal, B., and Victori, S.: Microlidar observations of biomass burning aerosol over Djougou (Benin) during African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis Special Observation Period 0: Dust and Biomass-Burning Experiment, J. Geophys. Res. 113, D00C18, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD009976, 2008.
Pérez, C., Nickovic, S., Baldasano, J. M., Sicard, M., Rocadenbosch, F., and Cachorro, V. E.: A long Saharan dust event over the western Mediterranean: Lidar, Sun photometer observations, and regional dust modelling, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D15214, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006579, 2006a.
Pérez, C., Nickovic, S., Pejanovic, G., Baldasano, J. M., and Ozsoy, E.: Interactive dustradiation modelling: A step to improve weather forecasts, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D16206, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006717, 2006b.
Petzold, A., Rasp, K., Weinzierl, B., Esselborn, M., Hamburger, T., Dornbrack, Kandler, K., Schutz, L., Knippertz, P., Fiebig, M., and Virkkula, A.: Saharan dust absorption and refractive index from aircraft-based observations during SAMUM 2006, Tellus, 61B, 118–130, 2009.
Pikridas, M., Bougiatioti, A., Hildebrandt, L., Engelhart, G. J., Kostenidou, E., Mohr, C., Prévót, A. S. H., Kouvarakis, G., Zarmpas, P., Burkhart, J. F., Lee, B.-H., Psichoudaki, M., Mihalopoulos, N., Pilinis, C., Stohl, A., Baltensperger, U., Kulmala, M., and Pandis, S. N.: The Finokalia Aerosol Measurement Experiment – 2008 (FAME-08): an overview, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 6793–6806, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-6793-2010, 2010.
Prasad, A. K. and Singh, R. P.: Validation of MODIS Terra, AIRS, NCEP/DOE AMIP-II Reanalysis-2, and AERONET Sun photometer derived integrated precipitable water vapor using ground-based GPS receivers over India, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D05107, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD011230, 2009.
Pringle, K. J., Tost, H., Metzger, S., Steil, B., Giannadaki, D., Nenes, A., Fountoukis, C., Stier, P., Vignati, E., and Lelieveld, J.: Corrigendum to "Description and evaluation of GMXe: a new aerosol submodel for global simulations (v1)" published in Geosci. Model Dev., 3, 391–412, 2010, Geosci. Model Dev., 3, 413–413, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-3-413-2010, 2010.
Prosmitis, A. B., Diapouli, E., Grivas, G., Chaloulakou, A., and Spyrellis, N.: Continuous field measurements of organic and elemental carbon concentrations in Athens, Greece, J. Aerosol Sci., 35, S1077–S1078, 2004.
Pye, H. O. T., Liao, H., Wu, S., Mickley, L. J., Jacob, D. J., Henze D. K., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Effect of changes in climate and emissions on future sulfate-nitrate-ammonium aerosol levels in the United States, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D01205, 2009.
Ramanathan, V., Crutzen, P. J., Kiehl, J. T., and Rosenfeld, D.: Aerosols, climate and the hydrological cycle, Science, 294, 2119–2123, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1064034, 2001.
Ramanathan, V., Crutzen, P. J., Lelieveld, J., Mitra, A. P., Althausen, D., Anderson, J., Andreae, M. O., Cantrell, W., Cass, G. R., Chung, C. E., Clarke, A. D., Coakley, J. A., Collins, W. D., Conant, W. C., Dulac, F., Heintzenberg, J., Heymsfield, A. J., Holben, B., Howell, S., Hudson, J., Jayaraman, A., Kiehl, J. T., Krishnamurti, T. N., Lubin, D., McFarquhar, G., Novakov, T., Ogren, J. A., Podgorny, I. A., Prather, K., Priestley, K., Prospero, J. M., Quinn, P. K., Rajeev, K., Rasch, P., Rupert, S., Sadourny, R., Satheesh, S. K., Shaw, G. E., Sheridan, P., and Valero, F. P. J.: Indian Ocean experiment: an integrated analysis of the climate forcing and effects of the great Indo-Asian haze, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 28371-28398, 2001.
Ramanathan, V. and Feng, Y.: Air pollution, greenhouse gases and climate change: Global and regional perspectives, Atmos. Environ., 43, 37–50, 2009.
Raut, J.-C. and Chazette, P.: Vertical profiles of urban aerosol complex refractive index in the frame of ESQUIF airborne measurements, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 901–919, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-901-2008, 2008.
Redemann, J., Vaughan, M. A., Zhang, Q., Shinozuka, Y., Russell, P. B., Livingston, J. M., Kacenelenbogen, M., and Remer, L. A.: The comparison of MODIS-Aqua (C5) and CALIOP (V2 & V3) aerosol optical depth, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 3025–3043, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-3025-2012, 2012.
Reid, J. S., Kinney, J. E., Westphal, D. L., Holben, B. N., Welton, E. J., Tsay, S. C., Eleuterio, D. P., Campbell, J., Christopher, S. A., Jonsson, H. H., Livingston, J. M., Maring, H. B., Meier, M. M., Pilewskie, P., Prospero, J., Reid, E. A., Remer, L. A., Russell, P. B., Savoie, D. L., Smirnov, A. A., and Tanré, D.: Analysis of measurements of Saharan dust by airborne and ground-based remote sensing methods during the Puerto Rico Dust Experiment (PRIDE), J. Geophys. Res. 108, 8586, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD002493, 2003.
Remer, L. A., Kaufman, Y. J., Tanré, D., Mattoo, S., Chu, D. A.,Martins, J. V., Li, R.-R., Cichoku, C., Levy, R. C., Kleidman, R. G., Eck, T. F., Vermote, E., and Holben, B. N.: The MODIS Aerosol Algorithm, Products, and Validation, J. Atmos. Sci., 62, 947–973, 2005.
Remer, L. A., Kleidman, R. G., Levy, R. C., Kaufman, Y. J., Tanré, D., Mattoo, S., Martins, J. V., Ichoku, C., Koren, I., Yu, H. B., Holben, B. N.: Global aerosol climatology from the MODIS satellite sensors, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D14S07, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD009661, 2008.
Remoundaki, E., Bourliva, A., Kokkalis, Mamouri, R.E., P., Papayannis, A., Grigoratos, T., Samara, C., and Tsezos, M.: Composition of PM10 during a Saharan dust transport event over Athens, Greece, Sci. Total Environ., 409, 4361–4372, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.06.026, , 2011.
Ridley, D. A., Heald, C. L., and Ford, B.: North African dust export and deposition: A satellite and model perspective, J. Geophys. Res., 117, D02202, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD016794, 2012.
Rodríguez, S., Alastuey, A., Alonso-Pérez, S., Querol, X., Cuevas, E., Abreu-Afonso, J., Viana, M., Pérez, N., Pandolfi, M., and de la Rosa, J.: Transport of desert dust mixed with North African industrial pollutants in the subtropical Saharan Air Layer, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 6663–6685, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-6663-2011, 2011.
Russell, P. B., Livingston, J. M., Redemann, J., Schmid, B., Ramirez, S. A., Eilers, J., Kahn, R., Chu, A., Remer, L., Quinn, P. K., Rood, M. J., and Wang, W.: Multi-gridcell validation of satellite aerosol property retrievals in INTEX/ITCT/ICARTT 2004, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D12S09, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007606, 2007.
San Martini, F. M., Dunlea, E. J., Volkamer, R., Onasch, T. B., Jayne, J. T., Canagaratna, M. R., Worsnop, D. R., Kolb, C. E., Shorter, J. H., Herndon, S. C., Zahniser, M. S., Salcedo, D., Dzepina, K., Jimenez, J. L., Ortega, J. M., Johnson, K. S., McRae, G. J., Molina, L. T., and Molina, M. J.: Implementation of a Markov Chain Monte Carlo method to inorganic aerosol modelling of observations from the MCMA-2003 campaign – Part II: Model application to the CENICA, Pedregal and Santa Ana sites, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 4889–4904, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-4889-2006, 2006.
Santese, M., De Tomasi, F., and Perrone, M. R.: Advection patterns and aerosol optical and microphysical properties by AERONET over south-east Italy in the central Mediterranean, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 1881–1896, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-1881-2008, 2008.
Satheesh, S. K. and Moorthy, K. K.: Radiative effects of natural aerosols: A review, Atmos. Environ., 39, 2089–2110, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.12.029, 2005.
Sciare, J., Bardouki, H., Moulin, C., and Mihalopoulos, N.: Aerosol sources and their contribution to the chemical composition of aerosols in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea during summertime, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 3, 291–302, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-3-291-2003, 2003.
Sciare, J., Oikonomou, K., Favez, O., Liakakou, E., Markaki, Z., Cachier, H., and Mihalopoulos, N.: Long-term measurements of carbonaceous aerosols in the Eastern Mediterranean: evidence of long-range transport of biomass burning, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 5551–5563, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-5551-2008, 2008.
Seinfeld, J. H. and Pandis, S.: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics – From Air Pollution to Climate Change (2nd Edn.), John Wiley & Sons, 2006.
Sicard, M., Rocadenbosch, F., Reba, M. N. M., Comerón, A., Tomás, S., García-Vízcaino, D., Batet, O., Barrios, R., Kumar, D., and Baldasano, J. M.: Seasonal variability of aerosol optical properties observed by means of a Raman lidar at an EARLINET site over Northeastern Spain, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 175–190, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-175-2011, 2011.
Sillanpää, M., Frey, A., Hillamo, R., Pennanen, A. S., and Salonen, R. O.: Organic, elemental and inorganic carbon in particulate matter of six urban environments in Europe, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 2869–2879, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-2869-2005, 2005.
Smirnov, A., Holben, B. N., Eck, T. F., Dubovik, O., Slutsker, I.: Cloud-screening and quality control algorithms for the AERONET database, Rem. Sens. Environ., 73, 337–349, 2000.
Sokolik, I. N. and Toon, O. B.: Incorporation of mineralogical composition into models of the radiative properties of mineral aerosol from UV to IR wavelengths, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 9423–9444, 1999.
Sokolik, I. N., Andronova, A., and Johnson, T. C.: Complex refractive index of atmospheric dust aerosols, Atmos. Environ., 27A, 16, 2495–2502, 1993.
Sokolik, I. N., Winker, D. M., Bergametti, G., Gillette, D. A., Carmichael, G., Kaufman, Y. J., Gomes, L., Schütz, L., and Penner, J. E.: Introduction to special section: outstanding problems in quantifying the radiative impacts of mineral dust, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 18015–18027, 2001.
Sugimoto, N., Uno, I., Nishikawa, M., Shimizu, A., Matsui, I., Dong, X., Chen, Y., and Quan, H.: Record heavy Asian dust in Beijing in 2002: Observations and model analysis of recent events, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 1640, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002GL016349, 2003.
Tanré, D., Kaufman, Y. J., Herman, M., and Mattoo, S.: Remote sensing of aerosol properties over oceans using the MODIS/ESO spectral radiances, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 16971–16988, 1997.
Terzi, E., Argyropoulos, G., Bougatioti, A., Mihalopoulos, N., Nikolaou, K., and Samara C.: Chemical composition and mass closure of ambient PM10 at urban sites, Atmos. Environ., 44, 2231–2239, 2010.
Tesche, M., Ansmann, A., Müller, D., Althausen, D., Engelmann, R., Freudenthaler, V., and Gro{ß}, S.: Vertically resolved separation of dust and smoke over Cape Verde using multiwavelength Raman and polarization lidars during Saharan Mineral Dust Experiment 2008, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D13202, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD011862, 2009a.
Tesche, M., Ansmann, A., Müller, D., Althausen, D., Mattis, I. Heese, B., Freudenthaler, V., Wiegner, M., Esselborn, M., Pisani, G., and Knippertz, P.: Vertical profiling of Saharan dust with Raman lidars and airborne HSRL in southern Morocco during SAMUM, Tellus, 61B, 144–164, https://doi.org/j.1600-0889.2008.00390.x, 2009b.
Tesche, M., Gro{ß}, S., Ansmann, A., Müller, D., Althausen, D., Freudenthaler, V., Esselborn, M.: Profiling of Saharan dust and biomass–burning smoke with multi-wavelength polarization Raman lidar at Cape Verde, Tellus, 63B, 649–676, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0889.2011.00548.x 2011a.
Tesche, M., Müller, D., Gro{ß}, S., Ansmann, A., Althausen, D., Freudenthaler, V., Weinzierl, B., Veira, A., and Petzold, A.: Optical and microphysical properties of smoke over Cape Verde inferred from multiwavelength lidar measurements, Tellus, 63B, 677–694, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0889.2011.00549.x 2011b.
Theodosi, C., Grivas, G., Zarmpas, P., Chaloulakou, A., and Mihalopoulos, N.: Mass and chemical composition of size-segregated aerosols (PM1, PM2.5, PM10) over Athens, Greece: local versus regional sources, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 11895–11911, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-11895-2011, 2011.
Veselovskii, I., Kolgotin, A., Griaznov, V., Müller, D., Wandinger, U., Whiteman, D. N.: Inversion with regularization for the retrieval of tropospheric aerosol parameters from multi-wavelength lidar sounding, Appl. Opt., 41, 3685–3699, 2002.
Veselovskii, I., Whiteman, D. N., Kolgotin, A., Andrews, E., Korenskii, M.: Demonstration of aerosol property profiling by multi-wavelength lidar under varying relative humidity conditions, J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 26, 1543–1557, 2009.
Veselovskii, I., Dubovik, O., Kolgotin, A., Lapyonok, T., Di Girolamo, P., Summa, D., Whiteman, D. N., Mishchenko, M., Tanré, D.: Application of randomly oriented spheroids for retrieval of dust particle parameters from multi-wavelength lidar measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D21203, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD014139, 2010.
Weinzierl, B., Petold, A., Esselborn, M., Wirth, M., Rasp, K., Kandler, K., Schütz, L., Koepke, P., Fiebig, M.: Airborne measurements of dust layer properties, particle size distribution and mixing state of Saharan dust during SAMUM 2006, Tellus, 61B, 96–117, 2009.
Winker, D. M., Hunt, W. H., and McGill, M. J.: Initial performance assessment of CALIOP, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L19803, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL030135, 2007.
Winker, D. M., Pelon, J., Coakley, J. A., Ackerman, S. A., Charlson, R., Colarco, P. R., Flamant, p., Fu, Q., Hoff, R. M., Kittaka, C., Kubar,. T. L., Le Treut, H., MvCormick, M. p., Megie, G., Poople, L., Powell, K., Trepte, C., Vaughan, M. A., Wielicki, B. A.: The CALIPSO mission: a global 3D view of aerosols and clouds, Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 91, 1211–1229, 2010.
Yoshioka, M., Mahowald, N. M., Conley, A. J., Collins, W. D., Fillmore, D. W., Zender, C. S., and Coleman, D. B.: Impact of desert dust radiative forcing on Sahel precipitation: Relative importance of dust compared to sea surface temperature variations, vegetation changes, and greenhouse gas warming, J. Climate, 20, 1445–1467, https://doi.org/10.1175/Jcli4056.1, 2007.
Yu, S., Dennis, R., Roselle, S., Nenes, A., Walker, J., Eder, B., Schere, K., Swall, J., and Robarge, W.: An assessment of the ability of three-dimensional air quality models with current thermodynamic equilibrium models to predict aerosol NO${^{-}_{3}}$, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D07S13, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JD004718, 2005.
Zhang, J., Chameides, W. L., Weber, R., Cass, G., Orsini, D., Edgerton, E. S., Jongejan, P., and Slanina, J.: An evaluation of the thermodynamic equilibrium assumption for fine particulate composition: Nitrate and ammonium during the 1999 Atlanta Supersite Experiment, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 8414, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD001592, 2003.
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint