Articles | Volume 23, issue 14
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7955-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7955-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
18 Jul 2023
Research article |
| 18 Jul 2023
| 18 Jul 2023
Airborne investigation of black carbon interaction with low-level, persistent, mixed-phase clouds in the Arctic summer
Section of Atmospheric Physics, Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und
Meeresforschung (AWI), Bremerhaven, Germany
Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of
Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
Stephan Mertes
Department of Atmospheric Microphysics, Leibniz-Institut für Troposphärenforschung, Leipzig, Germany
Olivier Jourdan
Laboratoire
de Météorologie Physique, Université Clermont
Auvergne/OPGC/CNRS, UMR 6016, Clermont-Ferrand, France
Regis Dupuy
Laboratoire
de Météorologie Physique, Université Clermont
Auvergne/OPGC/CNRS, UMR 6016, Clermont-Ferrand, France
Emma Järvinen
Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of
Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
Martin Schnaiter
Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of
Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
Oliver Eppers
Particle Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry,
Mainz, Germany
Institute for Atmospheric Physics, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
Johannes Schneider
Particle Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry,
Mainz, Germany
Zsófia Jurányi
Section of Atmospheric Physics, Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und
Meeresforschung (AWI), Bremerhaven, Germany
Andreas Herber
Section of Atmospheric Physics, Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und
Meeresforschung (AWI), Bremerhaven, Germany
Related authors
Paolo Cristofanelli, Francesca Marcucci, Claudia Roberta Calidonna, Francescopiero Calzolari, Felice Dipace, Simonetta Montaguti, Fabrizio Roccato, Maurizio Busetto, Angela Marinoni, Davide Putero, Laura Renzi, Pamela Trisolino, Marco Zanatta, and Christoph Zellweger
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-5833, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-5833, 2026
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Measurement Techniques (AMT).
Short summary
Short summary
We compared six years of carbon dioxide and methane measurements from two nearby laboratories at the high mountain station on Mount Cimone, Italy. Both recorded similar long-term and seasonal changes, but hourly readings often differed beyond limits recommended by WMO. Sampling location, data selection and moisture removal contributed to these differences; human presence may also have played a role. Standardization of sampling and procedures can make greenhouse gas measurements more consistent.
Johannes Heuser, Claudia Di Biagio, Jérôme Yon, Mathieu Cazaunau, Antonin Bergé, Edouard Pangui, Marco Zanatta, Laura Renzi, Angela Marinoni, Chenjie Yu, Servanne Chevaillier, Daniel Ferry, Michel Maillé, Paola Formenti, Benedicte Picquet-Varrault, and Jean-François Doussin
Aerosol Research Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/ar-2026-31, https://doi.org/10.5194/ar-2026-31, 2026
Preprint under review for AR
Short summary
Short summary
We retrieve refractive indices of laboratory-generated soot from measured particle properties using Mie and RDG-FA optical calculations, and quantify uncertainties via Monte Carlo simulations. The inferred refractive indices strongly depend on the theory employed, highlighting the need for consistency between optical theory and refractive index. Mie retrievals are sensitive to coagulation and size growth, while RDG-FA retrievals depend strongly on the uncertainty of assumed particle morphology.
Mario Marcello Miglietta, Elenio Avolio, Alessandro Bracci, Massimiliano Burlando, Francesco Cairo, Federico Canepa, Vincenzo Capozzi, Sebastiano Carpentari, Federico Cassola, Alessandro Ceppi, Silvio Davolio, Francesco De Martin, Giorgio Doglioni, Costanza Di Felice Fabrizi, Luca Di Liberto, Francesco Domenichini, Stefano Federico, Massimo Enrico Ferrario, Federico Grazzini, Antonio Iengo, Sante Laviola, Agostino Manzato, Paolo Paganini, Antonio Parodi, Alessandro Pavan, Andrea Piazza, Arturo Pucillo, Giovanni Ravezzani, Francesco Sioni, Barbara Turato, Gianfranco Vulpiani, Marco Zanatta, and Dino Zardi
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 3395–3415, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-26-3395-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-26-3395-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
This paper represents a summary of the contribution that the Italian meteorological community is willing to provide to the forthcoming European field campaign on Thunderstorm Intensification from Mountains to plains, planned in 2028–2030. Critical issues regard both the available instrumentation and the accuracy of numerical models. These limitations, in the context of climate change making severe convective episodes more frequent, make the need for a dedicated field campaign urgent.
Martina Mazzini, Diego Aliaga, Janne Lamphilati, Martin Gysel-Beer, Benjamin Tobias Brem, Robin Lewis Modini, Dominic Heslin-Rees, Tareq Hussein, Marco Zanatta, Paolo Cristofanelli, Federico Bianchi, Markku Kulmala, and Angela Marinoni
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 8893–8912, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-8893-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-8893-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates particle number size distribution at two high-altitude European stations to better understand the mechanisms driving new particle formation (NPF) in the free troposphere. Interestingly, despite a consistently higher background of freshly nucleated particles at Jungfraujoch, NPF events were more frequent and intense at Monte Cimone, which also shows higher formation and growth rates, likely due to the proximity of the polluted planetary boundary layer from the Po Valley.
Pauline Nibert, Yi Wu, Muriel Joly, Pierre Amato, Paolo Cristofanelli, Francescopiero Calzolari, Jean-Luc Piro, Davide Putero, Simonetta Montaguti, Laura Renzi, Franziska Vogel, Marco Rapuano, Marcello Brigante, Christophe Verhaege, Jean-Luc Baray, Laurent Deguillaume, Angela Marinoni, Marco Zanatta, and Angelica Bianco
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 6489–6506, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-6489-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-6489-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides the first chemical and microbiological characterization of cloud samples collected at Mt. Cimone (acronym CMN in ACTRIS, ICOS and GAW) in the Mediterranean basin. The chemical characterization is deeply discussed in relationship with back-trajectories and cloud processing. Air mass history do not fully explain the variability observed in the chemical composition. This highlights the complexity of emission sources, multiphasique exchanges, and transformations in clouds.
Marco Zanatta, Paolo Bonasoni, Francescopiero Calzolari, Paolo Cristofanelli, Sabine Eckhardt, Nikolaos Evangeliou, Cecilia Magnani, Camilla Perfetti, Davide Putero, Laura Renzi, Franziska Vogel, and Angela Marinoni
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2026-211, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2026-211, 2026
Revised manuscript under review for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
This work presents 18 years of high-quality observations of equivalent black carbon concentration measured at the Monte Cimone mountain site in Italy. We provide a detailed description of the measurement setup, data processing, and associated uncertainties to ensure consistency over time. The openly available dataset offers information for long-term studies, including the integration of renaltysis data parameters and comparison with atmospheric models.
Johannes Heuser, Claudia Di Biagio, Jérôme Yon, Mathieu Cazaunau, Antonin Bergé, Edouard Pangui, Marco Zanatta, Laura Renzi, Angela Marinoni, Chenjie Yu, Servanne Chevaillier, Daniel Ferry, Paolo Laj, Michel Maillé, Paola Formenti, Benedicte Picquet-Varrault, and Jean-Francois Doussin
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-1867, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-1867, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
Large simulation chamber experiments were performed to investigate the impact of non-absorbing coating on the absorption of fractal BC-containing soot. Results show the strong and combined effect of morphological modifications and mixing state heterogeneity on BC absorption, both depending on the reaction dynamics of coating formation and ageing of the coated soot. The range of measured absorption cannot be captured by common model approximations, highlighting the need for new formalisms.
Laura Renzi, Claudia Di Biagio, Johannes Heuser, Marco Zanatta, Mathieu Cazaunau, Antonin Bergé, Edouard Pangui, Jérôme Yon, Tommaso Isolabella, Dario Massabò, Virginia Vernocchi, Martina Mazzini, Franziska Vogel, Chenjie Yu, Paola Formenti, Benedicte Picquet-Varrault, Jean-Francois Doussin, and Angela Marinoni
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 19, 1365–1383, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-1365-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-1365-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates how particle properties affect the accuracy of a common air pollution instrument, the dual-spot aethalometer. By combining lab experiments with real-world data from a mountain site in Italy, we found that the correction factor for this instrument varies mainly due to particle size and measurement conditions. Understanding these influences helps improve air quality monitoring, which is important for assessing pollution impacts on health and climate.
Franziska Vogel, Davide Putero, Paolo Bonasoni, Paolo Cristofanelli, Marco Zanatta, and Angela Marinoni
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 15453–15468, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-15453-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-15453-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Dust is in terms of mass the most abundant aerosol in the atmosphere. It can have a significant influence on e.g. the scattering and absorption of light, cloud formation, and solar energy production. We present 21 years of optical particle size distribution measurements at a mountain station in Italy, from which we assess Saharan dust transport events. A peak in the number of events was observed in summer and autumn, while a trend in the number of events over the 21 years was not detected.
Marco Zanatta, Pia Bogert, Patrick Ginot, Yiwei Gong, Gholam Ali Hoshyaripour, Yaqiong Hu, Feng Jiang, Paolo Laj, Yanxia Li, Claudia Linke, Ottmar Möhler, Harald Saathoff, Martin Schnaiter, Nsikanabasi Silas Umo, Franziska Vogel, and Robert Wagner
Aerosol Research, 3, 477–502, https://doi.org/10.5194/ar-3-477-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/ar-3-477-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Back carbon is an atmospheric pollutant from combustion and contributes to the Arctic warming. However, its properties change as it travels through the atmosphere, affecting its impact. We recreated Arctic transport conditions in a laboratory to study how black carbon evolves over time. Our findings show that temperature and altitude strongly influence its transformation, providing key insights for improving climate models and understanding Arctic pollution.
Johannes Heuser, Claudia Di Biagio, Jérôme Yon, Mathieu Cazaunau, Antonin Bergé, Edouard Pangui, Marco Zanatta, Laura Renzi, Angela Marinoni, Satoshi Inomata, Chenjie Yu, Vera Bernardoni, Servanne Chevaillier, Daniel Ferry, Paolo Laj, Michel Maillé, Dario Massabò, Federico Mazzei, Gael Noyalet, Hiroshi Tanimoto, Brice Temime-Roussel, Roberta Vecchi, Virginia Vernocchi, Paola Formenti, Bénédicte Picquet-Varrault, and Jean-François Doussin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 6407–6428, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-6407-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-6407-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The spectral optical properties of combustion soot aerosols with varying black (BC) and brown carbon (BrC) content were studied in an atmospheric simulation chamber. Measurements of the mass spectral absorption cross section (MAC), supplemented by literature data, allowed us to establish a generalised exponential relationship between the spectral absorption and the elemental-to-total-carbon ratio (EC / TC) in soot. This relationship can provide a useful tool for modelling the properties of soot.
Paolo Cristofanelli, Francesca Marcucci, Claudia Roberta Calidonna, Francescopiero Calzolari, Felice Dipace, Simonetta Montaguti, Fabrizio Roccato, Maurizio Busetto, Angela Marinoni, Davide Putero, Laura Renzi, Pamela Trisolino, Marco Zanatta, and Christoph Zellweger
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-5833, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-5833, 2026
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Measurement Techniques (AMT).
Short summary
Short summary
We compared six years of carbon dioxide and methane measurements from two nearby laboratories at the high mountain station on Mount Cimone, Italy. Both recorded similar long-term and seasonal changes, but hourly readings often differed beyond limits recommended by WMO. Sampling location, data selection and moisture removal contributed to these differences; human presence may also have played a role. Standardization of sampling and procedures can make greenhouse gas measurements more consistent.
Harry Ballington, Martin Schnaiter, and Emma Järvinen
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-4436, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-4436, 2026
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
High altitude clouds known as cirrus cover about one third of the planet and strongly influence global climate. Our understanding of how they scatter light is poorly understood because ice crystals are highly varied and it is impossible to account for them all individually. We combine measurements from the new EarthCARE satellite with in-situ aircraft data and with computer simulations to determine which crystal shapes best match observations.
Johannes Heuser, Claudia Di Biagio, Jérôme Yon, Mathieu Cazaunau, Antonin Bergé, Edouard Pangui, Marco Zanatta, Laura Renzi, Angela Marinoni, Chenjie Yu, Servanne Chevaillier, Daniel Ferry, Michel Maillé, Paola Formenti, Benedicte Picquet-Varrault, and Jean-François Doussin
Aerosol Research Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/ar-2026-31, https://doi.org/10.5194/ar-2026-31, 2026
Preprint under review for AR
Short summary
Short summary
We retrieve refractive indices of laboratory-generated soot from measured particle properties using Mie and RDG-FA optical calculations, and quantify uncertainties via Monte Carlo simulations. The inferred refractive indices strongly depend on the theory employed, highlighting the need for consistency between optical theory and refractive index. Mie retrievals are sensitive to coagulation and size growth, while RDG-FA retrievals depend strongly on the uncertainty of assumed particle morphology.
Jonas Schaefer, Sarah Grawe, Hans-Christian Clemen, Stephan Mertes, Johannes Schneider, Bruno Wetzel, Daniel Sauer, Jennifer Wolf, Laura Tomsche, Johanna Mayer, Roland Schrödner, Silvia Henning, Tina Jurkat-Witschas, Christiane Voigt, Helmut Ziereis, Theresa Harlaß, Mira Pöhlker, and Frank Stratmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 12505–12520, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-12505-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-12505-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
Ice-nucleating particles (INP) are aerosol particles important for ice formation in clouds droplets and thereby influence climate. This study uses airborne measurements over Europe to show how INP are transported through thunderstorms. We show which particles are washed out and which are are transported into the higher troposphere, where they can again affect cloud ice formation. The findings improve understanding of atmospheric particle distribution and help refine climate models.
Hannah Klebach, Martin Heinritzi, Katharina Kaiser, Lisa Beck, Samuel Ruhl, Samira Atabakhsh, Nirvan Bhattacharyya, Lucía Caudillo-Plath, Philipp Joppe, Thomas Klimach, Peter Lloyd, Mira Pöhlker, Ulrich Pöschl, Sarah Richter, Douglas M. Russell, Johannes Schneider, Marcel Zauner-Wieczorek, and Joachim Curtius
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 12355–12393, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-12355-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-12355-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
Marine atmospheric aerosols remain a major uncertainty in climate models. We report gas and particle phase measurements of two important aerosol forming vapours, sulfuric acid and methanesulfonic acid in the Indo-Pacific. We find that the latter typically dominates over sulfuric acid and contributes significantly to free tropospheric aerosol. Deep convection transports the precursor of both acids to the upper troposphere, providing a key aerosol source in the pristine remote Pacific Ocean.
Fatih Ekinci, Oliver Eppers, Oliver Appel, Felix Ploeger, Antonis Dragoneas, Sergej Molleker, Philipp Brauner, Hans-Christoph Lachnitt, Franziska Weyland, Linda Ort, Nicolas Emig, Hans-Christian Clemen, Laura Tomsche, Martin Ebert, Peter Hoor, Bärbel Vogel, Yafang Cheng, Johannes Schneider, Stephan Borrmann, and Franziska Köllner
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 10399–10421, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-10399-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-10399-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
This study shows that aerosol transported from the Asian summer monsoon region can substantially alter the background composition of the extratropical lower stratosphere. Aircraft-based measurements and model simulations reveal a strong increase of ammonium nitrate aerosol from summer to autumn 2023 caused by transport of young air masses from South and East Asia. These particles can persist for months and undergo chemical aging.
Mario Marcello Miglietta, Elenio Avolio, Alessandro Bracci, Massimiliano Burlando, Francesco Cairo, Federico Canepa, Vincenzo Capozzi, Sebastiano Carpentari, Federico Cassola, Alessandro Ceppi, Silvio Davolio, Francesco De Martin, Giorgio Doglioni, Costanza Di Felice Fabrizi, Luca Di Liberto, Francesco Domenichini, Stefano Federico, Massimo Enrico Ferrario, Federico Grazzini, Antonio Iengo, Sante Laviola, Agostino Manzato, Paolo Paganini, Antonio Parodi, Alessandro Pavan, Andrea Piazza, Arturo Pucillo, Giovanni Ravezzani, Francesco Sioni, Barbara Turato, Gianfranco Vulpiani, Marco Zanatta, and Dino Zardi
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 3395–3415, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-26-3395-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-26-3395-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
This paper represents a summary of the contribution that the Italian meteorological community is willing to provide to the forthcoming European field campaign on Thunderstorm Intensification from Mountains to plains, planned in 2028–2030. Critical issues regard both the available instrumentation and the accuracy of numerical models. These limitations, in the context of climate change making severe convective episodes more frequent, make the need for a dedicated field campaign urgent.
Costanza Civale, Maria Dolores Andrés Hernández, Jean-Philippe Putaud, Francesca Barnaba, Henri Diémoz, Johannes Schneider, Helmut Ziereis, Katharina Kaiser, Jörg Schmidt, Ovid Oktavian Krüger, Bruna Holanda, Robert Baumann, Benjamin Weyland, Eric Förster, Midhun George, Yangzhuoran Liu, Daniel Sauer, Jennifer Wolf, Annachiara Bellini, Birger Bohn, Klaus Pfeilsticker, and John Philip Burrows
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 9827–9855, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-9827-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-9827-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
This study combines measurements of gases and particles at the ground and on-board an instrumented aircraft to investigate pollution transport over the Po Valley, a major atmospheric pollution hotspot in Europe. Overall, the extensive data set obtained at different altitudes provides insight into the mixing of pollution plumes and their export towards the Adriatic coast as well as with naturally occurring dust and its impact on air quality over the Po Plain.
Matthias Kohl, Christoph Brühl, Holger Tost, Christos Xenofontos, Theodoros Christoudias, Sergey Gromov, Oliver Appel, Stephan Borrmann, Adam Bourassa, Pedro Campunzano-Jost, Yafang Cheng, Oliver Eppers, Karl D. Froyd, Bruna A. Holanda, Jose L. Jimenez, Patrick Jöckel, Philipp Joppe, Katharina Kaiser, Joseph M. Katich, Klaus Klingmüller, Franziska Köllner, Agnieszka Kupc, Anna Martin, Christopher Pöhlker, Mira L. Pöhlker, Ulrich Pöschl, Landon Rieger, Samuel Ruhl, Gregory P. Schill, Johannes Schneider, Christiane Schulz, Joshua P. Schwarz, Alexandra P. Tsimpidi, Ryan Vella, Christina J. Williamson, Yifan Yang, Daniel Zawada, Jos Lelieveld, and Andrea Pozzer
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-3649, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-3649, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosols are crucial for Earth's climate, yet their vertical distribution remains poorly understood. We present first consistent global simulations of aerosol distributions and composition from the Earth's surface to the stratosphere, validated by extensive observations. Key findings include a global minimum in aerosol mass in the free troposphere, a significant contribution of organic aerosol in the lower stratosphere, and limited transport of primary particles to the stratosphere.
Martina Mazzini, Diego Aliaga, Janne Lamphilati, Martin Gysel-Beer, Benjamin Tobias Brem, Robin Lewis Modini, Dominic Heslin-Rees, Tareq Hussein, Marco Zanatta, Paolo Cristofanelli, Federico Bianchi, Markku Kulmala, and Angela Marinoni
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 8893–8912, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-8893-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-8893-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates particle number size distribution at two high-altitude European stations to better understand the mechanisms driving new particle formation (NPF) in the free troposphere. Interestingly, despite a consistently higher background of freshly nucleated particles at Jungfraujoch, NPF events were more frequent and intense at Monte Cimone, which also shows higher formation and growth rates, likely due to the proximity of the polluted planetary boundary layer from the Po Valley.
Aymeric Dziduch, Antoine Baudoux, Guillaume Mioche, Antoine Canzi, Benjamin Doiteau, Manuel Moser, Emma Järvinen, Étienne Vignon, Jean-Christophe Raut, Régis Dupuy, Christophe Gourbeyre, Jean-Luc Baray, Marie Monier, Frédéric Szczap, Guillaume Penide, Julien Delanoë, Odran Sourdeval, Alfons Schwarzenboeck, Stephan Mertes, Franz Martin Schnaiter, Christiane Voigt, Mario Mech, Susanne Crewell, Andreas Herber, Christof Lüpkes, André Ehrlich, Manfred Wendisch, and Olivier Jourdan
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-3265, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-3265, 2026
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
This study examines the microphysical properties and ice crystal habits of low-level Arctic mixed-phase clouds around Svalbard. Using airborne in situ observations from four campaigns, we show that cloud microphysical structure and ice crystal habits are influenced by weather conditions and surface type. These results provide quantitative observations to better understand low-level Arctic clouds, their ice formation processes, and their influence on the Arctic atmosphere and climate system.
Pauline Nibert, Yi Wu, Muriel Joly, Pierre Amato, Paolo Cristofanelli, Francescopiero Calzolari, Jean-Luc Piro, Davide Putero, Simonetta Montaguti, Laura Renzi, Franziska Vogel, Marco Rapuano, Marcello Brigante, Christophe Verhaege, Jean-Luc Baray, Laurent Deguillaume, Angela Marinoni, Marco Zanatta, and Angelica Bianco
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 6489–6506, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-6489-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-6489-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides the first chemical and microbiological characterization of cloud samples collected at Mt. Cimone (acronym CMN in ACTRIS, ICOS and GAW) in the Mediterranean basin. The chemical characterization is deeply discussed in relationship with back-trajectories and cloud processing. Air mass history do not fully explain the variability observed in the chemical composition. This highlights the complexity of emission sources, multiphasique exchanges, and transformations in clouds.
David J. Simon, Jonas Schaefer, Jörg Hartmann, Benjamin Kirbus, Joshua Müller, Markus Hartmann, Bruno Wetzel, Laura Köhler, Anna-Marie Jörss, Kay Weinhold, Andreas Herber, Zsófia Jurányi, Silvia Henning, Gregory C. Roberts, Manfred Wendisch, Mira L. Pöhlker, and Frank Stratmann
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-2215, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-2215, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the occurrence of newly formed aerosol particles in the Arctic atmosphere by analyzing aerosol particle measurements conducted aboard a research aircraft in April 2024. We frequently detected newly formed particles at altitudes of up to 4 km, while many previous studies had predominantly found such particles close to the surface. Newly formed particles were associated with air mass transport from lower latitudes, the occurrence of clouds, as well as the presence of sea ice.
Bärbel Vogel, Valentin Lauther, Franziska Köllner, Fatih Ekinci, Christian Rolf, Johannes Strobel, Ronja van Luijt, C. Michael Volk, Stephan Borrmann, Antonis Dragoneas, Oliver Eppers, Sergej Molleker, Peter Hoor, Linda Ort, Franziska Weyland, Andreas Zahn, Jan Clemens, Gebhard Günther, Oleh Kachula, Rolf Müller, Felix Ploeger, and Martin Riese
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 6283–6319, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-6283-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-6283-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
This work highlights the impact of the Asian summer monsoon on the chemical composition of the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. Measurements of trace gases and aerosol particles uplifted by the Asian summer monsoon to higher altitudes are sparse. Here, we had the opportunity to use a whole suite of different measured trace gases and the chemical composition of aerosols, in combination with simulations, to better understand the complex transport and mixing processes in this region.
Marco Zanatta, Paolo Bonasoni, Francescopiero Calzolari, Paolo Cristofanelli, Sabine Eckhardt, Nikolaos Evangeliou, Cecilia Magnani, Camilla Perfetti, Davide Putero, Laura Renzi, Franziska Vogel, and Angela Marinoni
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2026-211, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2026-211, 2026
Revised manuscript under review for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
This work presents 18 years of high-quality observations of equivalent black carbon concentration measured at the Monte Cimone mountain site in Italy. We provide a detailed description of the measurement setup, data processing, and associated uncertainties to ensure consistency over time. The openly available dataset offers information for long-term studies, including the integration of renaltysis data parameters and comparison with atmospheric models.
Johannes Heuser, Claudia Di Biagio, Jérôme Yon, Mathieu Cazaunau, Antonin Bergé, Edouard Pangui, Marco Zanatta, Laura Renzi, Angela Marinoni, Chenjie Yu, Servanne Chevaillier, Daniel Ferry, Paolo Laj, Michel Maillé, Paola Formenti, Benedicte Picquet-Varrault, and Jean-Francois Doussin
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-1867, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-1867, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
Large simulation chamber experiments were performed to investigate the impact of non-absorbing coating on the absorption of fractal BC-containing soot. Results show the strong and combined effect of morphological modifications and mixing state heterogeneity on BC absorption, both depending on the reaction dynamics of coating formation and ageing of the coated soot. The range of measured absorption cannot be captured by common model approximations, highlighting the need for new formalisms.
Philipp Brauner, Oliver Appel, Oliver Eppers, Franziska Köllner, Hans-Christian Clemen, Tiziana Bräuer, Hans-Christoph Lachnitt, Katharina Kaiser, Johannes Schneider, Antonis Dragoneas, Andreas Hünig, Sergej Molleker, Bruce E. Anderson, Yafang Cheng, Hans Schlager, Christiane Voigt, and Stephan Borrmann
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-2161, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-2161, 2026
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
Airborne measurements of the aerosol chemical composition were conducted in the 2018 wintertime tropopause region over Germany using a hybrid aerosol mass spectrometer, regarding the atmospheric background and aircraft exhaust plumes. Biomass burning aerosol of North American wildfires contributes to the aerosol population. Soot and engine oil were attributed to aircraft exhaust, and were detected in contrail residuals, implying their impact on chemical processes and properties of contrails.
Tomi Raatikainen, Silvia Calderón, Emma Järvinen, Marje Prank, and Sami Romakkaniemi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 5019–5038, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-5019-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-5019-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
We used high-resolution simulations to examine if secondary ice production could explain the high ice particle concentrations observed during an airborne Arctic cloud study. For these clouds, the dominating secondary ice production process was rime splintering. It can produce high ice concentrations, but some model adjustments may be needed. Clouds in our simulations reached realistic steady states where rime splintering became a self-sustaining process.
Laura Renzi, Claudia Di Biagio, Johannes Heuser, Marco Zanatta, Mathieu Cazaunau, Antonin Bergé, Edouard Pangui, Jérôme Yon, Tommaso Isolabella, Dario Massabò, Virginia Vernocchi, Martina Mazzini, Franziska Vogel, Chenjie Yu, Paola Formenti, Benedicte Picquet-Varrault, Jean-Francois Doussin, and Angela Marinoni
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 19, 1365–1383, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-1365-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-1365-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates how particle properties affect the accuracy of a common air pollution instrument, the dual-spot aethalometer. By combining lab experiments with real-world data from a mountain site in Italy, we found that the correction factor for this instrument varies mainly due to particle size and measurement conditions. Understanding these influences helps improve air quality monitoring, which is important for assessing pollution impacts on health and climate.
Emma Järvinen and Franz Martin Schnaiter
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 2465–2486, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-2465-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-2465-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
Ice clouds in the Arctic and mid-latitudes were investigated using in situ aircraft observations combining single-particle imaging with simultaneous light-scattering measurements. The joint characterisation of ice particle size, shape, and optical response shows that these clouds reflect substantially more solar radiation than is typically represented in models. The observations provide an empirical basis for improving the physical realism of ice cloud optical properties in climate models.
Manuel Moser, Christiane Voigt, Oliver Eppers, Johannes Lucke, Elena De La Torre Castro, Johanna Mayer, Regis Dupuy, Guillaume Mioche, Olivier Jourdan, Hans-Christian Clemen, Johannes Schneider, Philipp Joppe, Stephan Mertes, Bruno Wetzel, Stephan Borrmann, Marcus Klingebiel, Mario Mech, Christof Lüpkes, Susanne Crewell, André Ehrlich, Andreas Herber, and Manfred Wendisch
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 1867–1887, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-1867-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-1867-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
In this study we analyzed Arctic mixed-phase clouds using airborne in-situ measurements in spring 2022. Based on microphysical properties, we show that within these clouds a distinction must be made between classic mixed-phase clouds and a mixed-phase haze regime. Instead of supercooled droplets, the haze regime contains large wet sea salt aerosols. These findings improve our understanding of Arctic low-level cloud processes.
Adrian Hamel, Massimo del Guasta, Carl Schmitt, Christophe Genthon, Emma Järvinen, and Martin Schnaiter
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 1211–1228, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-1211-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-1211-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
Size and shape of small ice particles in the dry and cold atmosphere of inland Antarctica were measured. We observed that particles originating near the surface are smaller than those falling from higher altitudes. Inland Antarctic particles of frozen fog occur at lower concentrations and are less complex than those observed in an urban, polluted environment. These findings can help to improve Antarctic climate models and to accurately interpret satellite observations of the polar atmosphere.
Adrian Hamel, Martin Schnaiter, Masanori Saito, Robert Wagner, and Emma Järvinen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 1277–1300, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-1277-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-1277-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
The depolarisation ratio of ice clouds is commonly measured by satellites and ground-based instruments to learn about ice particle shapes. In our cloud chamber experiments, we found that for small ice crystals, the depolarisation ratio is more strongly influenced by particle size than by nano-scale structure. The measured trends could be reproduced with numerical simulations. This result helps improve the interpretation of remote sensing data and the accuracy of light scattering models.
Patrick Konjari, Christian Rolf, Martina Krämer, Armin Afchine, Nicole Spelten, Irene Bartolome Garcia, Annette Miltenberger, Nicolas Emig, Philipp Joppe, Johannes Schneider, Yun Li, Andreas Petzold, Heiko Bozem, and Peter Hoor
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 18031–18050, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-18031-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-18031-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated how a powerful storm over southern Sweden in June 2024 transported ice particles and moist air into the normally dry stratosphere. We observed unusually high water vapor and ice levels up to 1.5 kilometers above the tropopause. Although the extra water vapor lasted only a few days to weeks, it shows how such storms can temporarily alter the upper atmosphere’s composition.
Anna Breuninger, Philipp Joppe, Jonas Wilsch, Cornelis Schwenk, Heiko Bozem, Nicolas Emig, Laurin Merkel, Rainer Rossberg, Timo Keber, Arthur Kutschka, Philipp Waleska, Stefan Hofmann, Sarah Richter, Florian Ungeheuer, Konstantin Dörholt, Thorsten Hoffmann, Annette Miltenberger, Johannes Schneider, Peter Hoor, and Alexander L. Vogel
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 16533–16551, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-16533-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-16533-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates molecular organic aerosol composition in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere from an airborne campaign over Central Europe in summer 2024. Via ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography and high-resolution mass spectrometry of tropospheric and stratospheric filter samples, we identified various organic compounds. Our findings underscore the significant cross-tropopause transport of biogenic secondary organic aerosol and anthropogenic pollutants.
Valerie Reppert, Olaf Eisen, Holger Schmithüsen, Stefanie Arndt, Guido Ascenso, Linda Ort, and Zsófia Jurányi
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-5199, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-5199, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We analyzed 33 years of snow accumulation measurements at Neumayer Station, Antarctica, to understand changes in the amount of snow building up on the surface over time. The long-term, high-resolution data show mostly stable accumulation, but rare positive extremes appeared in 2021 and 2023. Seasonal and multi-year patterns were identified, providing valuable data to improve climate models and satellite observations.
Heiko Bozem, Philipp Joppe, Yun Li, Nicolas Emig, Armin Afchine, Anna Breuninger, Joachim Curtius, Stefan Hofmann, Sadath Ismayil, Konrad Kandler, Daniel Kunkel, Arthur Kutschka, Hans-Christoph Lachnitt, Andreas Petzold, Sarah Richter, Timo Röschenthaler, Christian Rolf, Lisa Schneider, Johannes Schneider, Alexander Vogel, and Peter Hoor
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 6545–6568, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-6545-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-6545-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Deployed on a Learjet as a tandem measurement platform during the TPEx I (TropoPause composition gradients and mixing Experiment) campaign in June 2024, the new TPC-TOSS (TropoPause Composition Towed Sensor Shuttle) system delivers high-resolution in situ data on ozone, aerosol, and key meteorological parameters. Laboratory and in-flight tests confirmed its precision and stability. Observed gradients near the tropopause reveal active mixing and transport processes in the tropopause region.
Franziska Vogel, Davide Putero, Paolo Bonasoni, Paolo Cristofanelli, Marco Zanatta, and Angela Marinoni
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 15453–15468, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-15453-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-15453-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Dust is in terms of mass the most abundant aerosol in the atmosphere. It can have a significant influence on e.g. the scattering and absorption of light, cloud formation, and solar energy production. We present 21 years of optical particle size distribution measurements at a mountain station in Italy, from which we assess Saharan dust transport events. A peak in the number of events was observed in summer and autumn, while a trend in the number of events over the 21 years was not detected.
Philipp Joppe, Johannes Schneider, Jonas Wilsch, Heiko Bozem, Anna Breuninger, Joachim Curtius, Martin Ebert, Nicolas Emig, Peter Hoor, Sadath Ismayil, Konrad Kandler, Daniel Kunkel, Isabel Kurth, Hans-Christoph Lachnitt, Yun Li, Annette Miltenberger, Sarah Richter, Christian Rolf, Lisa Schneider, Cornelis Schwenk, Nicole Spelten, Alexander L. Vogel, Yafang Cheng, and Stephan Borrmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 15077–15103, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-15077-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-15077-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We show measurements of a filament with biomass burning influence transported by a warm conveyor belt (WCB) into the tropopause region over Europe. The pollution originates from Canadian forest fires and is transported in the lower troposphere towards Europe. The WCB transport is followed by mixing with air masses of stratospheric chemical signatures. We hypothesize that this mixing leads to a change in the vertical gradient of the potential temperature.
Marco Zanatta, Pia Bogert, Patrick Ginot, Yiwei Gong, Gholam Ali Hoshyaripour, Yaqiong Hu, Feng Jiang, Paolo Laj, Yanxia Li, Claudia Linke, Ottmar Möhler, Harald Saathoff, Martin Schnaiter, Nsikanabasi Silas Umo, Franziska Vogel, and Robert Wagner
Aerosol Research, 3, 477–502, https://doi.org/10.5194/ar-3-477-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/ar-3-477-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Back carbon is an atmospheric pollutant from combustion and contributes to the Arctic warming. However, its properties change as it travels through the atmosphere, affecting its impact. We recreated Arctic transport conditions in a laboratory to study how black carbon evolves over time. Our findings show that temperature and altitude strongly influence its transformation, providing key insights for improving climate models and understanding Arctic pollution.
Johannes Schneider, Christiane Schulz, Florian Rubach, Anna Ludwig, Jonas Wilsch, Philipp Joppe, Christian Gurk, Sergej Molleker, Laurent Poulain, Florian Obersteiner, Torsten Gehrlein, Harald Bönisch, Andreas Zahn, Peter Hoor, Nicolas Emig, Heiko Bozem, Stephan Borrmann, and Markus Hermann
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 5103–5128, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-5103-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-5103-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
An instrumented container laboratory is operated on regular commercial passenger flights to obtain a long-term representative dataset on the composition of the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. Here we report on the development of a fully automated aerosol mass spectrometer for this project. We present technical specifications, necessary modifications for the automation, instrument calibration and comparisons, detection limits, and the first in-flight data.
Shawn W. Wagner, Martin Schnaiter, Guanglang Xu, Franziska Rogge, and Emma Järvinen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 8785–8804, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-8785-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-8785-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding the interaction between cirrus clouds and solar radiation is critical for modeling the Earth's climate. A common crystal type found in cirrus clouds is the bullet rosette. Here, atmospheric bullet rosettes measured from jet aircraft are analyzed for their morphological and radiative properties. Atmospheric bullet rosettes are found to be more morphologically complex than previously assumed. This complexity has a significant impact on their radiative properties.
Zsófia Jurányi, Christof Lüpkes, Frank Stratmann, Jörg Hartmann, Jonas Schaefer, Anna-Marie Jörss, Alexander Schulz, Bruno Wetzel, David Simon, Eduard Gebhard, Maximilian Stöhr, Paula Hofmann, Dirk Kalmbach, Sarah Grawe, Manfred Wendisch, and Andreas Herber
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 3477–3494, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-3477-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-3477-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding the lowest layers of the atmosphere is crucial for climate research, especially in the Arctic. Our study introduces the T-Bird, an aircraft-towed platform designed to measure turbulence and aerosol properties at extremely low altitudes. Traditional aircraft cannot access this region, making the T-Bird a breakthrough for capturing critical atmospheric data. Its first deployment over the Arctic demonstrated its potential to improve our understanding of polar processes.
Johannes Heuser, Claudia Di Biagio, Jérôme Yon, Mathieu Cazaunau, Antonin Bergé, Edouard Pangui, Marco Zanatta, Laura Renzi, Angela Marinoni, Satoshi Inomata, Chenjie Yu, Vera Bernardoni, Servanne Chevaillier, Daniel Ferry, Paolo Laj, Michel Maillé, Dario Massabò, Federico Mazzei, Gael Noyalet, Hiroshi Tanimoto, Brice Temime-Roussel, Roberta Vecchi, Virginia Vernocchi, Paola Formenti, Bénédicte Picquet-Varrault, and Jean-François Doussin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 6407–6428, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-6407-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-6407-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The spectral optical properties of combustion soot aerosols with varying black (BC) and brown carbon (BrC) content were studied in an atmospheric simulation chamber. Measurements of the mass spectral absorption cross section (MAC), supplemented by literature data, allowed us to establish a generalised exponential relationship between the spectral absorption and the elemental-to-total-carbon ratio (EC / TC) in soot. This relationship can provide a useful tool for modelling the properties of soot.
André Ehrlich, Susanne Crewell, Andreas Herber, Marcus Klingebiel, Christof Lüpkes, Mario Mech, Sebastian Becker, Stephan Borrmann, Heiko Bozem, Matthias Buschmann, Hans-Christian Clemen, Elena De La Torre Castro, Henning Dorff, Regis Dupuy, Oliver Eppers, Florian Ewald, Geet George, Andreas Giez, Sarah Grawe, Christophe Gourbeyre, Jörg Hartmann, Evelyn Jäkel, Philipp Joppe, Olivier Jourdan, Zsófia Jurányi, Benjamin Kirbus, Johannes Lucke, Anna E. Luebke, Maximilian Maahn, Nina Maherndl, Christian Mallaun, Johanna Mayer, Stephan Mertes, Guillaume Mioche, Manuel Moser, Hanno Müller, Veronika Pörtge, Nils Risse, Greg Roberts, Sophie Rosenburg, Johannes Röttenbacher, Michael Schäfer, Jonas Schaefer, Andreas Schäfler, Imke Schirmacher, Johannes Schneider, Sabrina Schnitt, Frank Stratmann, Christian Tatzelt, Christiane Voigt, Andreas Walbröl, Anna Weber, Bruno Wetzel, Martin Wirth, and Manfred Wendisch
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 1295–1328, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-1295-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-1295-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This paper provides an overview of the HALO–(AC)3 aircraft campaign data sets, the campaign-specific instrument operation, data processing, and data quality. The data set comprises in situ and remote sensing observations from three research aircraft: HALO, Polar 5, and Polar 6. All data are published in the PANGAEA database by instrument-separated data subsets. It is highlighted how the scientific analysis of the HALO–(AC)3 data benefits from the coordinated operation of three aircraft.
Olivia G. Norman, Colette L. Heald, Solomon Bililign, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Hugh Coe, Marc N. Fiddler, Jaime R. Green, Jose L. Jimenez, Katharina Kaiser, Jin Liao, Ann M. Middlebrook, Benjamin A. Nault, John B. Nowak, Johannes Schneider, and André Welti
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 771–795, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-771-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-771-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study finds that one component of secondary inorganic aerosols, nitrate, is greatly overestimated by a global atmospheric chemistry model compared to observations from 11 flight campaigns. None of the loss and production pathways explored can explain the nitrate bias alone. The model’s inability to capture the variability in the observations remains and requires future investigation to avoid biases in policy-related studies (i.e., air quality, health, climate impacts of these aerosols).
Xiaoli Shen, David M. Bell, Hugh Coe, Naruki Hiranuma, Fabian Mahrt, Nicholas A. Marsden, Claudia Mohr, Daniel M. Murphy, Harald Saathoff, Johannes Schneider, Jacqueline Wilson, Maria A. Zawadowicz, Alla Zelenyuk, Paul J. DeMott, Ottmar Möhler, and Daniel J. Cziczo
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 10869–10891, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10869-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10869-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Single-particle mass spectrometry (SPMS) is commonly used to measure the chemical composition and mixing state of aerosol particles. Intercomparison of SPMS instruments was conducted. All instruments reported similar size ranges and common spectral features. The instrument-specific detection efficiency was found to be more dependent on particle size than type. All differentiated secondary organic aerosol, soot, and soil dust but had difficulties differentiating among minerals and dusts.
Manfred Wendisch, Susanne Crewell, André Ehrlich, Andreas Herber, Benjamin Kirbus, Christof Lüpkes, Mario Mech, Steven J. Abel, Elisa F. Akansu, Felix Ament, Clémantyne Aubry, Sebastian Becker, Stephan Borrmann, Heiko Bozem, Marlen Brückner, Hans-Christian Clemen, Sandro Dahlke, Georgios Dekoutsidis, Julien Delanoë, Elena De La Torre Castro, Henning Dorff, Regis Dupuy, Oliver Eppers, Florian Ewald, Geet George, Irina V. Gorodetskaya, Sarah Grawe, Silke Groß, Jörg Hartmann, Silvia Henning, Lutz Hirsch, Evelyn Jäkel, Philipp Joppe, Olivier Jourdan, Zsofia Jurányi, Michail Karalis, Mona Kellermann, Marcus Klingebiel, Michael Lonardi, Johannes Lucke, Anna E. Luebke, Maximilian Maahn, Nina Maherndl, Marion Maturilli, Bernhard Mayer, Johanna Mayer, Stephan Mertes, Janosch Michaelis, Michel Michalkov, Guillaume Mioche, Manuel Moser, Hanno Müller, Roel Neggers, Davide Ori, Daria Paul, Fiona M. Paulus, Christian Pilz, Felix Pithan, Mira Pöhlker, Veronika Pörtge, Maximilian Ringel, Nils Risse, Gregory C. Roberts, Sophie Rosenburg, Johannes Röttenbacher, Janna Rückert, Michael Schäfer, Jonas Schaefer, Vera Schemann, Imke Schirmacher, Jörg Schmidt, Sebastian Schmidt, Johannes Schneider, Sabrina Schnitt, Anja Schwarz, Holger Siebert, Harald Sodemann, Tim Sperzel, Gunnar Spreen, Bjorn Stevens, Frank Stratmann, Gunilla Svensson, Christian Tatzelt, Thomas Tuch, Timo Vihma, Christiane Voigt, Lea Volkmer, Andreas Walbröl, Anna Weber, Birgit Wehner, Bruno Wetzel, Martin Wirth, and Tobias Zinner
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8865–8892, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8865-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8865-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Arctic is warming faster than the rest of the globe. Warm-air intrusions (WAIs) into the Arctic may play an important role in explaining this phenomenon. Cold-air outbreaks (CAOs) out of the Arctic may link the Arctic climate changes to mid-latitude weather. In our article, we describe how to observe air mass transformations during CAOs and WAIs using three research aircraft instrumented with state-of-the-art remote-sensing and in situ measurement devices.
Philipp Joppe, Johannes Schneider, Katharina Kaiser, Horst Fischer, Peter Hoor, Daniel Kunkel, Hans-Christoph Lachnitt, Andreas Marsing, Lenard Röder, Hans Schlager, Laura Tomsche, Christiane Voigt, Andreas Zahn, and Stephan Borrmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 7499–7522, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7499-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7499-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
From aircraft measurements in the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere, we find a correlation between the ozone and particulate sulfate in the lower stratosphere. The correlation exhibits some variability over the measurement period exceeding the background sulfate-to-ozone correlation. From our analysis, we conclude that gas-to-particle conversion of volcanic sulfur dioxide leads to observed enhanced sulfate aerosol mixing ratios.
Clémantyne Aubry, Julien Delanoë, Silke Groß, Florian Ewald, Frédéric Tridon, Olivier Jourdan, and Guillaume Mioche
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 3863–3881, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-3863-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-3863-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Radar–lidar synergy is used to retrieve ice, supercooled water and mixed-phase cloud properties, making the most of the radar sensitivity to ice crystals and the lidar sensitivity to supercooled droplets. A first analysis of the output of the algorithm run on the satellite data is compared with in situ data during an airborne Arctic field campaign, giving a mean percent error of 49 % for liquid water content and 75 % for ice water content.
Anil Kumar Mandariya, Junteng Wu, Anne Monod, Paola Formenti, Bénédicte Picquet-Varrault, Mathieu Cazaunau, Stephan Mertes, Laurent Poulain, Antonin Berge, Edouard Pangui, Andreas Tilgner, Thomas Schaefer, Liang Wen, Hartmut Herrmann, and Jean-François Doussin
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2023-206, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2023-206, 2024
Publication in AMT not foreseen
Short summary
Short summary
An optimized and controlled protocol for generating quasi-adiabatic expansion clouds under simulated dark and light conditions was presented. The irradiated clouds clearly showed a gradual activation of seed particles into droplets. In contrast, non-irradiated clouds faced a flash activation. This paper will lay the foundation for multiphase photochemical studies implying water-soluble volatile organic compounds and particulate matter formation during cloud formation-evaporation cycles.
Adrien Deroubaix, Marco Vountas, Benjamin Gaubert, Maria Dolores Andrés Hernández, Stephan Borrmann, Guy Brasseur, Bruna Holanda, Yugo Kanaya, Katharina Kaiser, Flora Kluge, Ovid Oktavian Krüger, Inga Labuhn, Michael Lichtenstern, Klaus Pfeilsticker, Mira Pöhlker, Hans Schlager, Johannes Schneider, Guillaume Siour, Basudev Swain, Paolo Tuccella, Kameswara S. Vinjamuri, Mihalis Vrekoussis, Benjamin Weyland, and John P. Burrows
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-516, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-516, 2024
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
This study assesses atmospheric composition using air quality models during aircraft campaigns in Europe and Asia, focusing on carbonaceous aerosols and trace gases. While carbon monoxide is well modeled, other pollutants have moderate to weak agreement with observations. Wind speed modeling is reliable for identifying pollution plumes, where models tend to overestimate concentrations. This highlights challenges in accurately modeling aerosol and trace gas composition, particularly in cities.
Adrien Deroubaix, Marco Vountas, Benjamin Gaubert, Maria Dolores Andrés Hernández, Stephan Borrmann, Guy Brasseur, Bruna Holanda, Yugo Kanaya, Katharina Kaiser, Flora Kluge, Ovid Oktavian Krüger, Inga Labuhn, Michael Lichtenstern, Klaus Pfeilsticker, Mira Pöhlker, Hans Schlager, Johannes Schneider, Guillaume Siour, Basudev Swain, Paolo Tuccella, Kameswara S. Vinjamuri, Mihalis Vrekoussis, Benjamin Weyland, and John P. Burrows
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-521, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-521, 2024
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
This study explores the proportional relationships between carbonaceous aerosols (black and organic carbon) and trace gases using airborne measurements from two campaigns in Europe and East Asia. Differences between regions were found, but air quality models struggled to reproduce them accurately. We show that these proportional relationships can help to constrain models and can be used to infer aerosol concentrations from satellite observations of trace gases, especially in urban areas.
Larissa Lacher, Michael P. Adams, Kevin Barry, Barbara Bertozzi, Heinz Bingemer, Cristian Boffo, Yannick Bras, Nicole Büttner, Dimitri Castarede, Daniel J. Cziczo, Paul J. DeMott, Romy Fösig, Megan Goodell, Kristina Höhler, Thomas C. J. Hill, Conrad Jentzsch, Luis A. Ladino, Ezra J. T. Levin, Stephan Mertes, Ottmar Möhler, Kathryn A. Moore, Benjamin J. Murray, Jens Nadolny, Tatjana Pfeuffer, David Picard, Carolina Ramírez-Romero, Mickael Ribeiro, Sarah Richter, Jann Schrod, Karine Sellegri, Frank Stratmann, Benjamin E. Swanson, Erik S. Thomson, Heike Wex, Martin J. Wolf, and Evelyn Freney
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2651–2678, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2651-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2651-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol particles that trigger ice formation in clouds are important for the climate system but are very rare in the atmosphere, challenging measurement techniques. Here we compare three cloud chambers and seven methods for collecting aerosol particles on filters for offline analysis at a mountaintop station. A general good agreement of the methods was found when sampling aerosol particles behind a whole air inlet, supporting their use for obtaining data that can be implemented in models.
Basudev Swain, Marco Vountas, Adrien Deroubaix, Luca Lelli, Yanick Ziegler, Soheila Jafariserajehlou, Sachin S. Gunthe, Andreas Herber, Christoph Ritter, Hartmut Bösch, and John P. Burrows
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 359–375, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-359-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-359-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosols are suspensions of particles dispersed in the air. In this study, we use a novel retrieval of satellite data to investigate an optical property of aerosols, the aerosol optical depth, in the high Arctic to assess their direct and indirect roles in climate change. This study demonstrates that the presented approach shows good quality and very promising potential.
Sarah Grawe, Conrad Jentzsch, Jonas Schaefer, Heike Wex, Stephan Mertes, and Frank Stratmann
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 4551–4570, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-4551-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-4551-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Measurements of ice-nucleating particle (INP) concentrations are valuable for the simulation of cloud properties. In recent years, filter sampling in combination with offline INP measurements has become increasingly popular. However, most sampling is ground-based, and the vertical transport of INPs is not well quantified. The High-volume flow aERosol particle filter sAmpler (HERA) for applications on board aircraft was developed to expand the sparse dataset of INP concentrations at cloud level.
Emma Järvinen, Franziska Nehlert, Guanglang Xu, Fritz Waitz, Guillaume Mioche, Regis Dupuy, Olivier Jourdan, and Martin Schnaiter
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 7611–7633, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7611-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7611-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The Arctic is warming faster than other regions. Arctic low-level mixed-phase clouds, where ice crystals and liquid droplets co-exist, are thought to have an important role in Arctic warming. Here we show airborne measurements of vertical distribution of liquid and ice particles and their relative abundance. Ice particles are found in relative warm clouds, which can be explained by multiplication of existing ice crystals. However, the role of ice particles in redistributing sun light is minimal.
Manuel Moser, Christiane Voigt, Tina Jurkat-Witschas, Valerian Hahn, Guillaume Mioche, Olivier Jourdan, Régis Dupuy, Christophe Gourbeyre, Alfons Schwarzenboeck, Johannes Lucke, Yvonne Boose, Mario Mech, Stephan Borrmann, André Ehrlich, Andreas Herber, Christof Lüpkes, and Manfred Wendisch
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 7257–7280, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7257-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7257-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides a comprehensive microphysical and thermodynamic phase analysis of low-level clouds in the northern Fram Strait, above the sea ice and the open ocean, during spring and summer. Using airborne in situ cloud data, we show that the properties of Arctic low-level clouds vary significantly with seasonal meteorological situations and surface conditions. The observations presented in this study can help one to assess the role of clouds in the Arctic climate system.
Robert Wagner, Alexander D. James, Victoria L. Frankland, Ottmar Möhler, Benjamin J. Murray, John M. C. Plane, Harald Saathoff, Ralf Weigel, and Martin Schnaiter
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 6789–6811, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6789-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6789-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) play an important role in the depletion of stratospheric ozone. They can consist of different chemical species, including crystalline nitric acid hydrates. We found that mineral dust or meteoric ablation material can efficiently catalyse the formation of a specific phase of nitric acid dihydrate crystals. We determined predominant particle shapes and infrared optical properties of these crystals, which are important inputs for remote sensing detection of PSCs.
Franz Martin Schnaiter, Claudia Linke, Eija Asmi, Henri Servomaa, Antti-Pekka Hyvärinen, Sho Ohata, Yutaka Kondo, and Emma Järvinen
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 2753–2769, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-2753-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-2753-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Light-absorbing particles from combustion processes are important contributors to climate warming. Their highly variable spectral light absorption properties need to be monitored in the field. Commonly used methods show measurement artefacts that are difficult to correct. We introduce a new instrument that is based on the photoacoustic effect. Long-term operation in the Finnish Arctic demonstrates the applicability of the new instrument for unattended light absorption monitoring.
Jan Chylik, Dmitry Chechin, Regis Dupuy, Birte S. Kulla, Christof Lüpkes, Stephan Mertes, Mario Mech, and Roel A. J. Neggers
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 4903–4929, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4903-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4903-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Arctic low-level clouds play an important role in the ongoing warming of the Arctic. Unfortunately, these clouds are not properly represented in weather forecast and climate models. This study tries to cover this gap by focusing on clouds over open water during the spring, observed by research aircraft near Svalbard. The study combines the high-resolution model with sets of observational data. The results show the importance of processes that involve both ice and the liquid water in the clouds.
Chuan-Yao Lin, Wan-Chin Chen, Yi-Yun Chien, Charles C. K. Chou, Chian-Yi Liu, Helmut Ziereis, Hans Schlager, Eric Förster, Florian Obersteiner, Ovid O. Krüger, Bruna A. Holanda, Mira L. Pöhlker, Katharina Kaiser, Johannes Schneider, Birger Bohn, Klaus Pfeilsticker, Benjamin Weyland, Maria Dolores Andrés Hernández, and John P. Burrows
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 2627–2647, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2627-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2627-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
During the EMeRGe campaign in Asia, atmospheric pollutants were measured on board the HALO aircraft. The WRF-Chem model was employed to evaluate the biomass burning (BB) plume transported from Indochina and its impact on the downstream areas. The combination of BB aerosol enhancement with cloud water resulted in a reduction in incoming shortwave radiation at the surface in southern China and the East China Sea, which potentially has significant regional climate implications.
Laura Tomsche, Andreas Marsing, Tina Jurkat-Witschas, Johannes Lucke, Stefan Kaufmann, Katharina Kaiser, Johannes Schneider, Monika Scheibe, Hans Schlager, Lenard Röder, Horst Fischer, Florian Obersteiner, Andreas Zahn, Martin Zöger, Jos Lelieveld, and Christiane Voigt
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 15135–15151, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15135-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15135-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The detection of sulfur compounds in the upper troposphere (UT) and lower stratosphere (LS) is a challenge. In-flight measurements of SO2 and sulfate aerosol were performed during the BLUESKY mission in spring 2020 under exceptional atmospheric conditions. Reduced sinks in the dry UTLS and lower but still significant air traffic influenced the enhanced SO2 in the UT, and aged volcanic plumes enhanced the LS sulfate aerosol impacting the atmospheric radiation budget and global climate.
Antonis Dragoneas, Sergej Molleker, Oliver Appel, Andreas Hünig, Thomas Böttger, Markus Hermann, Frank Drewnick, Johannes Schneider, Ralf Weigel, and Stephan Borrmann
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 5719–5742, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-5719-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-5719-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The ERICA is a specially designed aerosol particle mass spectrometer for in situ, real-time chemical composition analysis of aerosols. It can operate completely autonomously, in the absence of an instrument operator. Its design has enabled its operation under harsh conditions, like those experienced in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere, aboard unpressurized high-altitude research aircraft. The instrument has successfully participated in several aircraft operations around the world.
Marcel Zauner-Wieczorek, Martin Heinritzi, Manuel Granzin, Timo Keber, Andreas Kürten, Katharina Kaiser, Johannes Schneider, and Joachim Curtius
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 11781–11794, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11781-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11781-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We present measurements of ambient ions in the free troposphere and lower stratosphere over Europe in spring 2020. We observed nitrate and hydrogen sulfate, amongst others. From their ratio, the number concentrations of gaseous sulfuric acid were inferred. Nitrate increased towards the stratosphere, whilst sulfuric acid was slightly decreased there. The average values for sulfuric acid were 1.9 to 7.8 × 105 cm-3. Protonated pyridine was identified in an altitude range of 4.6 to 8.5 km.
Simon F. Reifenberg, Anna Martin, Matthias Kohl, Sara Bacer, Zaneta Hamryszczak, Ivan Tadic, Lenard Röder, Daniel J. Crowley, Horst Fischer, Katharina Kaiser, Johannes Schneider, Raphael Dörich, John N. Crowley, Laura Tomsche, Andreas Marsing, Christiane Voigt, Andreas Zahn, Christopher Pöhlker, Bruna A. Holanda, Ovid Krüger, Ulrich Pöschl, Mira Pöhlker, Patrick Jöckel, Marcel Dorf, Ulrich Schumann, Jonathan Williams, Birger Bohn, Joachim Curtius, Hardwig Harder, Hans Schlager, Jos Lelieveld, and Andrea Pozzer
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 10901–10917, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10901-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10901-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In this work we use a combination of observational data from an aircraft campaign and model results to investigate the effect of the European lockdown due to COVID-19 in spring 2020. Using model results, we show that the largest relative changes to the atmospheric composition caused by the reduced emissions are located in the upper troposphere around aircraft cruise altitude, while the largest absolute changes are present at the surface.
Fritz Waitz, Martin Schnaiter, Thomas Leisner, and Emma Järvinen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 7087–7103, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7087-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7087-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Riming, i.e., the accretion of small droplets on the surface of ice particles via collision, is one of the major uncertainties in model prediction of mixed-phase clouds. We discuss the occurrence (up to 50% of particles) and aging of rimed ice particles and show correlations of the occurrence and the degree of riming with ambient meteorological parameters using data gathered by the Particle Habit Imaging and Polar Scattering (PHIPS) probe during three airborne in situ field campaigns.
Andreas Hünig, Oliver Appel, Antonis Dragoneas, Sergej Molleker, Hans-Christian Clemen, Frank Helleis, Thomas Klimach, Franziska Köllner, Thomas Böttger, Frank Drewnick, Johannes Schneider, and Stephan Borrmann
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 2889–2921, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-2889-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-2889-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We have serially combined the two well-established methods for in situ real-time measurement of fine particle chemical composition, the single-particle laser ablation method and the flash evaporation with electron impact ionization method, into a novel instrument. Here we present the design; instrument characteristics, as derived from laboratory and field measurements; and results from the first field deployment during the 2017 StratoClim aircraft campaign.
M. Dolores Andrés Hernández, Andreas Hilboll, Helmut Ziereis, Eric Förster, Ovid O. Krüger, Katharina Kaiser, Johannes Schneider, Francesca Barnaba, Mihalis Vrekoussis, Jörg Schmidt, Heidi Huntrieser, Anne-Marlene Blechschmidt, Midhun George, Vladyslav Nenakhov, Theresa Harlass, Bruna A. Holanda, Jennifer Wolf, Lisa Eirenschmalz, Marc Krebsbach, Mira L. Pöhlker, Anna B. Kalisz Hedegaard, Linlu Mei, Klaus Pfeilsticker, Yangzhuoran Liu, Ralf Koppmann, Hans Schlager, Birger Bohn, Ulrich Schumann, Andreas Richter, Benjamin Schreiner, Daniel Sauer, Robert Baumann, Mariano Mertens, Patrick Jöckel, Markus Kilian, Greta Stratmann, Christopher Pöhlker, Monica Campanelli, Marco Pandolfi, Michael Sicard, José L. Gómez-Amo, Manuel Pujadas, Katja Bigge, Flora Kluge, Anja Schwarz, Nikos Daskalakis, David Walter, Andreas Zahn, Ulrich Pöschl, Harald Bönisch, Stephan Borrmann, Ulrich Platt, and John P. Burrows
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 5877–5924, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5877-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5877-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
EMeRGe provides a unique set of in situ and remote sensing airborne measurements of trace gases and aerosol particles along selected flight routes in the lower troposphere over Europe. The interpretation uses also complementary collocated ground-based and satellite measurements. The collected data help to improve the current understanding of the complex spatial distribution of trace gases and aerosol particles resulting from mixing, transport, and transformation of pollution plumes over Europe.
Adrien Deroubaix, Laurent Menut, Cyrille Flamant, Peter Knippertz, Andreas H. Fink, Anneke Batenburg, Joel Brito, Cyrielle Denjean, Cheikh Dione, Régis Dupuy, Valerian Hahn, Norbert Kalthoff, Fabienne Lohou, Alfons Schwarzenboeck, Guillaume Siour, Paolo Tuccella, and Christiane Voigt
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 3251–3273, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3251-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3251-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
During the summer monsoon in West Africa, pollutants emitted in urbanized areas modify cloud cover and precipitation patterns. We analyze these patterns with the WRF-CHIMERE model, integrating the effects of aerosols on meteorology, based on the numerous observations provided by the Dynamics-Aerosol-Climate-Interactions campaign. This study adds evidence to recent findings that increased pollution levels in West Africa delay the breakup time of low-level clouds and reduce precipitation.
Rupert Holzinger, Oliver Eppers, Kouji Adachi, Heiko Bozem, Markus Hartmann, Andreas Herber, Makoto Koike, Dylan B. Millet, Nobuhiro Moteki, Sho Ohata, Frank Stratmann, and Atsushi Yoshida
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-95, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-95, 2022
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
In spring 2018 the research aircraft Polar 5 conducted flights in the Arctic atmosphere. The flight operation was from Station Nord in Greenland, 1700 km north of the Arctic Circle (81°43'N, 17°47'W). Using a mass spectrometer we measured more than 100 organic compounds in the air. We found a clear signature of natural organic compounds that are transported from forests to the high Arctic. These compounds have the potential to change the cloud cover and energy budget of the Arctic region.
Larissa Lacher, Hans-Christian Clemen, Xiaoli Shen, Stephan Mertes, Martin Gysel-Beer, Alireza Moallemi, Martin Steinbacher, Stephan Henne, Harald Saathoff, Ottmar Möhler, Kristina Höhler, Thea Schiebel, Daniel Weber, Jann Schrod, Johannes Schneider, and Zamin A. Kanji
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 16925–16953, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16925-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16925-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate ice-nucleating particle properties at Jungfraujoch during the 2017 joint INUIT/CLACE field campaign, to improve the knowledge about those rare particles in a cloud-relevant environment. By quantifying ice-nucleating particles in parallel to single-particle mass spectrometry measurements, we find that mineral dust and aged sea spray particles are potential candidates for ice-nucleating particles. Our findings are supported by ice residual analysis and source region modeling.
Sho Ohata, Makoto Koike, Atsushi Yoshida, Nobuhiro Moteki, Kouji Adachi, Naga Oshima, Hitoshi Matsui, Oliver Eppers, Heiko Bozem, Marco Zanatta, and Andreas B. Herber
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 15861–15881, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15861-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15861-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Vertical profiles of black carbon (BC) in the Arctic were measured during the PAMARCMiP aircraft-based experiment in spring 2018 and compared with those observed during previous aircraft campaigns in 2008, 2010, and 2015. Their differences were explained primarily by the year-to-year variation of biomass burning activities in northern midlatitudes over Eurasia. Our observations provide a bases to evaluate numerical model simulations that assess the BC radiative effects in the Arctic spring.
Yu-Wen Chen, Yi-Chun Chen, Charles C.-K. Chou, Hui-Ming Hung, Shih-Yu Chang, Lisa Eirenschmalz, Michael Lichtenstern, Helmut Ziereis, Hans Schlager, Greta Stratmann, Katharina Kaiser, Johannes Schneider, Stephan Borrmann, Florian Obersteiner, Eric Förster, Andreas Zahn, Wei-Nai Chen, Po-Hsiung Lin, Shuenn-Chin Chang, Maria Dolores Andrés Hernández, Pao-Kuan Wang, and John P. Burrows
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-788, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-788, 2021
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
By presenting an approach using EMeRGe-Asia airborne field measurements and surface observations, this study shows that the fraction of OH reactivity due to SO2-OH reaction has a significant correlation with the sulfate concentration. Approximately 30 % of sulfate is produced by SO2-OH reaction. Our results underline the importance of SO2-OH gas-phase oxidation in sulfate formation, and demonstrate that the method can be applied to other regions and under different meteorological conditions.
Cited articles
Baumgardner, D., Jonsson, H., Dawson, W., O'Connor, D., and Newton, R.: The
cloud, aerosol and precipitation spectrometer: a new instrument for cloud
investigations, Atmos. Res., 59–60, 251–264,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-8095(01)00119-3, 2001.
Baumgardner, D., Subramanian, R., Twohy, C., Stith, J., and Kok, G.:
Scavenging of black carbon by ice crystals over the northern Pacific,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L22815, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL035764, 2008.
Baumgardner, D., Abel, S. J., Axisa, D., Cotton, R., Crosier, J., Field, P.,
Gurganus, C., Heymsfield, A., Korolev, A., Krämer, M., Lawson, P.,
McFarquhar, G., Ulanowski, Z., and Um, J.: Cloud Ice Properties: In Situ
Measurement Challenges, Meteorol. Monogr., 58, 9.1–9.23,
https://doi.org/10.1175/AMSMONOGRAPHS-D-16-0011.1, 2017.
Bellouin, N., Quaas, J., Gryspeerdt, E., Kinne, S., Stier, P.,
Watson-Parris, D., Boucher, O., Carslaw, K. S., Christensen, M., Daniau,
A.-L., Dufresne, J.-L., Feingold, G., Fiedler, S., Forster, P., Gettelman,
A., Haywood, J. M., Lohmann, U., Malavelle, F., Mauritsen, T., McCoy, D. T.,
Myhre, G., Mülmenstädt, J., Neubauer, D., Possner, A., Rugenstein,
M., Sato, Y., Schulz, M., Schwartz, S. E., Sourdeval, O., Storelvmo, T.,
Toll, V., Winker, D., and Stevens, B.: Bounding Global Aerosol Radiative
Forcing of Climate Change, Rev. Geophys., 58, e2019RG000660,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2019RG000660, 2020.
Bohren, C. F. and Huffman, D. R.: Absorption and Scattering of Light by
Small Particles, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, Weinheim, Germany, https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527618156.ch4, 1998.
Bond, T. C., Streets, D. G., Yarber, K. F., Nelson, S. M., Woo, J.-H., and
Klimont, Z.: A technology-based global inventory of black and organic carbon
emissions from combustion, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 109, D14203,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JD003697, 2004.
Bozem, H., Hoor, P., Kunkel, D., Köllner, F., Schneider, J., Herber, A., Schulz, H., Leaitch, W. R., Aliabadi, A. A., Willis, M. D., Burkart, J., and Abbatt, J. P. D.: Characterization of transport regimes and the polar dome during Arctic spring and summer using in situ aircraft measurements, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 15049–15071, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-15049-2019, 2019.
Brock, C. A., Cozic, J., Bahreini, R., Froyd, K. D., Middlebrook, A. M., McComiskey, A., Brioude, J., Cooper, O. R., Stohl, A., Aikin, K. C., de Gouw, J. A., Fahey, D. W., Ferrare, R. A., Gao, R.-S., Gore, W., Holloway, J. S., Hübler, G., Jefferson, A., Lack, D. A., Lance, S., Moore, R. H., Murphy, D. M., Nenes, A., Novelli, P. C., Nowak, J. B., Ogren, J. A., Peischl, J., Pierce, R. B., Pilewskie, P., Quinn, P. K., Ryerson, T. B., Schmidt, K. S., Schwarz, J. P., Sodemann, H., Spackman, J. R., Stark, H., Thomson, D. S., Thornberry, T., Veres, P., Watts, L. A., Warneke, C., and Wollny, A. G.: Characteristics, sources, and transport of aerosols measured in spring 2008 during the aerosol, radiation, and cloud processes affecting Arctic Climate (ARCPAC) Project, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 2423–2453, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-2423-2011, 2011.
Brown, P. R. A. and Francis, P. N.: Improved Measurements of the Ice Water
Content in Cirrus Using a Total-Water Probe, J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech.,
12, 410–414, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0426(1995)012<0410:IMOTIW>2.0.CO;2, 1995.
Cai, Y., Montague, D. C., Mooiweer-Bryan, W., and Deshler, T.: Performance
characteristics of the ultra high sensitivity aerosol spectrometer for
particles between 55 and 800 nm: Laboratory and field studies, J. Aerosol
Sci., 39, 759–769, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2008.04.007, 2008.
Chin, T. M., Vazquez-Cuervo, J., and Armstrong, E. M.: A multi-scale high-resolution analysis of global sea surface temperature, Remote Sens. Environ., 200, 154–169, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2017.07.029, 2017.
Croft, B., Martin, R. V., Leaitch, W. R., Tunved, P., Breider, T. J., D'Andrea, S. D., and Pierce, J. R.: Processes controlling the annual cycle of Arctic aerosol number and size distributions, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 3665–3682, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-3665-2016, 2016.
Crosier, J., Bower, K. N., Choularton, T. W., Westbrook, C. D., Connolly, P. J., Cui, Z. Q., Crawford, I. P., Capes, G. L., Coe, H., Dorsey, J. R., Williams, P. I., Illingworth, A. J., Gallagher, M. W., and Blyth, A. M.: Observations of ice multiplication in a weakly convective cell embedded in supercooled mid-level stratus, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 257–273, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-257-2011, 2011.
Dalirian, M., Ylisirniö, A., Buchholz, A., Schlesinger, D., Ström, J., Virtanen, A., and Riipinen, I.: Cloud droplet activation of black carbon particles coated with organic compounds of varying solubility, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 12477–12489, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-12477-2018, 2018.
Ding, S., Zhao, D., He, C., Huang, M., He, H., Tian, P., Liu, Q., Bi, K.,
Yu, C., Pitt, J., Chen, Y., Ma, X., Chen, Y., Jia, X., Kong, S., Wu, J., Hu,
D., Hu, K., Ding, D., and Liu, D.: Observed Interactions Between Black
Carbon and Hydrometeor During Wet Scavenging in Mixed-Phase Clouds, Geophys.
Res. Lett., 46, 8453–8463, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL083171, 2019.
Dou, T.-F. and Xiao, C.-D.: An overview of black carbon deposition and its
radiative forcing over the Arctic, Adv. Clim. Change Res., 7, 115–122,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2016.10.003, 2016.
Dupuy, R., Jourdan, O., Mioche, G., Gourbeyre, C., Leroy, D., and
Schwarzenböck, A.: CDP, CIP and PIP In-situ arctic cloud microphysical
properties observed during ACLOUD-AC3 campaign in June 2017, PANGAEA [data set],
https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.899074, 2019.
Earle, M. E., Liu, P. S. K., Strapp, J. W., Zelenyuk, A., Imre, D.,
McFarquhar, G. M., Shantz, N. C., and Leaitch, W. R.: Factors influencing
the microphysics and radiative properties of liquid-dominated Arctic clouds:
Insight from observations of aerosol and clouds during ISDAC, J. Geophys.
Res.-Atmos., 116, D00T09, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD015887, 2011.
Ehrlich, A., Wendisch, M., Lüpkes, C., Buschmann, M., Bozem, H., Chechin, D., Clemen, H.-C., Dupuy, R., Eppers, O., Hartmann, J., Herber, A., Jäkel, E., Järvinen, E., Jourdan, O., Kästner, U., Kliesch, L.-L., Köllner, F., Mech, M., Mertes, S., Neuber, R., Ruiz-Donoso, E., Schnaiter, M., Schneider, J., Stapf, J., and Zanatta, M.: A comprehensive in situ and remote sensing data set from the Arctic CLoud Observations Using airborne measurements during polar Day (ACLOUD) campaign, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 11, 1853–1881, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-1853-2019, 2019.
Flanner, M. G.: Arctic climate sensitivity to local black carbon, J.
Geophys. Res.-Atmos, 118, 1840–1851,
https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50176, 2013.
Flanner, M. G., Zender, C. S., Hess, P. G., Mahowald, N. M., Painter, T. H., Ramanathan, V., and Rasch, P. J.: Springtime warming and reduced snow cover from carbonaceous particles, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 2481–2497, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-2481-2009, 2009.
Gao, R. S., Schwarz, J. P., Kelly, K. K., Fahey, D. W., Watts, L. A.,
Thompson, T. L., Spackman, J. R., Slowik, J. G., Cross, E. S., Han, J.-H.,
Davidovits, P., Onasch, T. B., and Worsnop, D. R.: A Novel Method for
Estimating Light-Scattering Properties of Soot Aerosols Using a Modified
Single-Particle Soot Photometer, Aerosol Sci. Tech., 41, 125–135,
https://doi.org/10.1080/02786820601118398, 2007.
Garrett, T. J., Brattström, S., Sharma, S., Worthy, D. E. J., and
Novelli, P.: The role of scavenging in the seasonal transport of black
carbon and sulfate to the Arctic, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L16805,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL048221, 2011.
Gierens, R., Kneifel, S., Shupe, M. D., Ebell, K., Maturilli, M., and
Löhnert, U.: Low-level mixed-phase clouds in a complex Arctic
environment, Atmospheric Chem. Phys., 20, 3459–3481,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-3459-2020, 2020.
Gogoi, M. M., Babu, S. S., Pandey, S. K., Nair, V. S., Vaishya, A., Girach,
I. A., and Koushik, N.: Scavenging ratio of black carbon in the Arctic and
the Antarctic, Polar Sci., 16, 10–22, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polar.2018.03.002,
2018.
Gysel, M., Laborde, M., Olfert, J. S., Subramanian, R., and Gröhn, A. J.: Effective density of Aquadag and fullerene soot black carbon reference materials used for SP2 calibration, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 4, 2851–2858, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-4-2851-2011, 2011.
Hartmann, J., Lüpkes, C., and Chechin, D.: 1Hz resolution aircraft
measurements of wind and temperature during the ACLOUD campaign in 2017,
PANGAEA [data set], https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.902849, 2019.
Hegg, D. A., Clarke, A. D., Doherty, S. J., and Ström4, J.: Measurements
of black carbon aerosol washout ratio on Svalbard, Tellus B, 63, 891–900, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0889.2011.00577.x,
2011.
Herber, A. B., Haas, C., Stone, R. S., Bottenheim, J. W., Liu, P., Li,
S.-M., Staebler, R. M., Strapp, J. W., and Dethloff, K.: Regular airborne
surveys of Arctic sea ice and atmosphere, Eos Trans. Am. Geophys. Union, 93,
41–42, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012EO040001, 2012.
Hirst, E., Kaye, P. H., Greenaway, R. S., Field, P., and Johnson, D. W.:
Discrimination of micrometre-sized ice and super-cooled droplets in
mixed-phase cloud, Atmos. Environ., 35, 33–47,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(00)00377-0, 2001.
Holopainen, E., Kokkola, H., Laakso, A., and Kühn, T.: In-cloud scavenging scheme for sectional aerosol modules – implementation in the framework of the Sectional Aerosol module for Large Scale Applications version 2.0 (SALSA2.0) global aerosol module, Geosci. Model Dev., 13, 6215–6235, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-6215-2020, 2020.
Igel, A. L., Ekman, A. M. L., Leck, C., Tjernström, M., Savre, J., and
Sedlar, J.: The free troposphere as a potential source of arctic boundary
layer aerosol particles, Geophys. Res. Lett., 44, 7053–7060,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL073808, 2017.
IPCC: Climate Change 2021: The
Physical Science Basis, edited by: Masson-Delmotte, V., Zhai, P., Pirani, A., Connors, S. L., Péan, C.,
Berger, S., Caud, N., Chen, Y., Goldfarb, L., Gomis, M. I., Huang, M., Leitzell, K.,
Lonnoy, E., Matthews, J. B. R., Maycock, T. K., Waterfield, T.,
Yelekçi, O., Yu, R., and Zhou, B., Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth
Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009157896, 2021.
Järvinen, E. and Schnaiter, M.: SID-3 Liquid and Ice Phase Particle Size Distributions measured during ACLOUD,
PANGAEA [data set], https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.960269, 2023.
Järvinen, E., Nehlert, F., Xu, G., Waitz, F., Mioche, G., Dupuy, R., Jourdan, O., and Schnaiter, M.: Investigating the vertical extent and short-wave radiative effects of the ice phase in Arctic summertime low-level clouds, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 7611–7633, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7611-2023, 2023.
Jurányi, Z., Zanatta, M., Lund, M. T., Samset, B. H., Skeie, R. B.,
Sharma, S., Wendisch, M., and Herber, A.: Atmospheric concentrations of
black carbon are substantially higher in spring than summer in the Arctic,
Commun. Earth Environ., 4, 1–12,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-023-00749-x, 2023.
Kanji, Z. A., Welti, A., Corbin, J. C., and Mensah, A. A.: Black Carbon
Particles Do Not Matter for Immersion Mode Ice Nucleation, Geophys. Res.
Lett., 47, e2019GL086764, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL086764, 2020.
Knudsen, E. M., Heinold, B., Dahlke, S., Bozem, H., Crewell, S., Gorodetskaya, I. V., Heygster, G., Kunkel, D., Maturilli, M., Mech, M., Viceto, C., Rinke, A., Schmithüsen, H., Ehrlich, A., Macke, A., Lüpkes, C., and Wendisch, M.: Meteorological conditions during the ACLOUD/PASCAL field campaign near Svalbard in early summer 2017, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 17995–18022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-17995-2018, 2018.
Kodros, J. K., Hanna, S. J., Bertram, A. K., Leaitch, W. R., Schulz, H., Herber, A. B., Zanatta, M., Burkart, J., Willis, M. D., Abbatt, J. P. D., and Pierce, J. R.: Size-resolved mixing state of black carbon in the Canadian high Arctic and implications for simulated direct radiative effect, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 11345–11361, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-11345-2018, 2018.
Korolev, A., McFarquhar, G., Field, P. R., Franklin, C., Lawson, P., Wang,
Z., Williams, E., Abel, S. J., Axisa, D., Borrmann, S., Crosier, J., Fugal,
J., Krämer, M., Lohmann, U., Schlenczek, O., Schnaiter, M., and
Wendisch, M.: Mixed-Phase Clouds: Progress and Challenges, Meteorol.
Monogr., 58, 5.1–5.50, https://doi.org/10.1175/AMSMONOGRAPHS-D-17-0001.1,
2017.
Kupc, A., Williamson, C., Wagner, N. L., Richardson, M., and Brock, C. A.: Modification, calibration, and performance of the Ultra-High Sensitivity Aerosol Spectrometer for particle size distribution and volatility measurements during the Atmospheric Tomography Mission (ATom) airborne campaign, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 369–383, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-369-2018, 2018.
Kupiszewski, P., Zanatta, M., Mertes, S., Vochezer, P., Lloyd, G.,
Schneider, J., Schenk, L., Schnaiter, M., Baltensperger, U., Weingartner,
E., and Gysel, M.: Ice residual properties in mixed-phase clouds at the
high-alpine Jungfraujoch site, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 121, 2016JD024894,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JD024894, 2016.
Laborde, M., Schnaiter, M., Linke, C., Saathoff, H., Naumann, K.-H., Möhler, O., Berlenz, S., Wagner, U., Taylor, J. W., Liu, D., Flynn, M., Allan, J. D., Coe, H., Heimerl, K., Dahlkötter, F., Weinzierl, B., Wollny, A. G., Zanatta, M., Cozic, J., Laj, P., Hitzenberger, R., Schwarz, J. P., and Gysel, M.: Single Particle Soot Photometer intercomparison at the AIDA chamber, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 5, 3077–3097, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-5-3077-2012, 2012.
Laborde, M., Crippa, M., Tritscher, T., Jurányi, Z., Decarlo, P. F., Temime-Roussel, B., Marchand, N., Eckhardt, S., Stohl, A., Baltensperger, U., Prévôt, A. S. H., Weingartner, E., and Gysel, M.: Black carbon physical properties and mixing state in the European megacity Paris, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 5831–5856, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-5831-2013, 2013.
Leaitch, W. R., Korolev, A., Aliabadi, A. A., Burkart, J., Willis, M. D., Abbatt, J. P. D., Bozem, H., Hoor, P., Köllner, F., Schneider, J., Herber, A., Konrad, C., and Brauner, R.: Effects of 20–100 nm particles on liquid clouds in the clean summertime Arctic, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 11107–11124, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-11107-2016, 2016.
Lubin, D. and Vogelmann, A. M.: A climatologically significant aerosol
longwave indirect effect in the Arctic, Nature, 439, 453–456,
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04449, 2006.
Mahmood, R., von Salzen, K., Flanner, M., Sand, M., Langner, J., Wang, H.,
and Huang, L.: Seasonality of global and Arctic black carbon processes in
the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme models, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 121, 2016JD024849, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JD024849, 2016.
McFarquhar, G. M., Ghan, S., Verlinde, J., Korolev, A., Strapp, J. W.,
Schmid, B., Tomlinson, J. M., Wolde, M., Brooks, S. D., Cziczo, D., Dubey,
M. K., Fan, J., Flynn, C., Gultepe, I., Hubbe, J., Gilles, M. K., Laskin,
A., Lawson, P., Leaitch, W. R., Liu, P., Liu, X., Lubin, D., Mazzoleni, C.,
Macdonald, A.-M., Moffet, R. C., Morrison, H., Ovchinnikov, M., Shupe, M.
D., Turner, D. D., Xie, S., Zelenyuk, A., Bae, K., Freer, M., and Glen, A.:
Indirect and Semi-direct Aerosol Campaign: The Impact of Arctic Aerosols on
Clouds, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 92, 183–201,
https://doi.org/10.1175/2010BAMS2935.1, 2011.
Mertes, S., Lehmann, K., Nowak, A., Massling, A., and Wiedensohler, A.: Link
between aerosol hygroscopic growth and droplet activation observed for
hill-capped clouds at connected flow conditions during FEBUKO, Atmos.
Environ., 39, 4247–4256, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.02.010,
2005.
Mertes, S., Verheggen, B., Walter, S., Connolly, P., Ebert, M., Schneider,
J., Bower, K. N., Cozic, J., Weinbruch, S., Baltensperger, U., and
Weingartner, E.: Counterflow Virtual Impactor Based Collection of Small Ice
Particles in Mixed-Phase Clouds for the Physico-Chemical Characterization of
Tropospheric Ice Nuclei: Sampler Description and First Case Study, Aerosol Sci. Tech., 41, 848–864, https://doi.org/10.1080/02786820701501881,
2007.
Mioche, G., Jourdan, O., Delanoë, J., Gourbeyre, C., Febvre, G., Dupuy, R., Monier, M., Szczap, F., Schwarzenboeck, A., and Gayet, J.-F.: Vertical distribution of microphysical properties of Arctic springtime low-level mixed-phase clouds over the Greenland and Norwegian seas, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 12845–12869, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-12845-2017, 2017.
Mori, T., Kondo, Y., Ohata, S., Zhao, Y., Sinha, P. R., Oshima, N., Matsui,
H., Moteki, N., and Koike, M.: Seasonal Variation of Wet Deposition of Black
Carbon in Arctic Alaska, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 125, e2019JD032240,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD032240, 2020.
Morrison, H., de Boer, G., Feingold, G., Harrington, J., Shupe, M. D., and
Sulia, K.: Resilience of persistent Arctic mixed-phase clouds, Nat. Geosci.,
5, 11–17, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1332, 2012.
Moteki, N. and Kondo, Y.: Dependence of Laser-Induced Incandescence on
Physical Properties of Black Carbon Aerosols: Measurements and Theoretical
Interpretation, Aerosol Sci. Tech., 44, 663–675,
https://doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2010.484450, 2010.
Moteki, N., Kondo, Y., and Nakamura, S.: Method to measure refractive
indices of small nonspherical particles: Application to black carbon
particles, J. Aerosol Sci., 41, 513–521,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2010.02.013, 2010.
Motos, G., Schmale, J., Corbin, J. C., Modini, Rob. L., Karlen, N., Bertò, M., Baltensperger, U., and Gysel-Beer, M.: Cloud droplet activation properties and scavenged fraction of black carbon in liquid-phase clouds at the high-alpine research station Jungfraujoch (3580 m a.s.l.), Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 3833–3855, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-3833-2019, 2019a.
Motos, G., Schmale, J., Corbin, J. C., Zanatta, M., Baltensperger, U., and Gysel-Beer, M.: Droplet activation behaviour of atmospheric black carbon particles in fog as a function of their size and mixing state, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 2183–2207, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-2183-2019, 2019b.
Nakoudi, K., Ritter, C., Böckmann, C., Kunkel, D., Eppers, O., Rozanov,
V., Mei, L., Pefanis, V., Jäkel, E., Herber, A., Maturilli, M., and
Neuber, R.: Does the Intra-Arctic Modification of Long-Range Transported
Aerosol Affect the Local Radiative Budget? (A Case Study), Remote Sens., 12,
2112, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12132112, 2020.
Neuber, R., Schmidt, L. V., Ritter, C., and Mech, M.: Cloud top altitudes
observed with airborne lidar during the ACLOUD campaign, PANGAEA [data set],
https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.899962, 2019.
Noone, K. J., Ogren, J. A., Heintzenberg, J., Charlson, R. J., and Covert,
D. S.: Design and Calibration of a Counterflow Virtual Impactor for Sampling
of Atmospheric Fog and Cloud Droplets, Aerosol Sci. Tech., 8, 235–244,
https://doi.org/10.1080/02786828808959186, 1988.
Ogren, J. A., Heintzenberg, J., and Charlson, R. J.: In-situ sampling of
clouds with a droplet to aerosol converter, Geophys. Res. Lett., 12, 121–124,
https://doi.org/10.1029/GL012i003p00121, 1985.
Ohata, S., Schwarz, J. P., Moteki, N., Koike, M., Takami, A., and Kondo, Y.:
Hygroscopicity of materials internally mixed with black carbon measured in
Tokyo, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 121, 2015JD024153,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JD024153, 2016.
Ohata, S., Koike, M., Yoshida, A., Moteki, N., Adachi, K., Oshima, N., Matsui, H., Eppers, O., Bozem, H., Zanatta, M., and Herber, A. B.: Arctic black carbon during PAMARCMiP 2018 and previous aircraft experiments in spring, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 15861–15881, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15861-2021, 2021.
Oshima, N., Yukimoto, S., Deushi, M., Koshiro, T., Kawai, H., Tanaka, T. Y.,
and Yoshida, K.: Global and Arctic effective radiative forcing of
anthropogenic gases and aerosols in MRI-ESM2.0, Prog. Earth Planet. Sci., 7,
38, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40645-020-00348-w, 2020.
Petzold, A., Onasch, T., Kebabian, P., and Freedman, A.: Intercomparison of a Cavity Attenuated Phase Shift-based extinction monitor (CAPS PMex) with an integrating nephelometer and a filter-based absorption monitor, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 6, 1141–1151, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-1141-2013, 2013.
Quinn, P. K., Stohl, A., Arnold, S., Baklanov, A., Berntsen, T. K.,
Christensen, J. H., Eckhardt, S., Flanner, M., Klimont, Z., Korsholm, U. S.,
Kupiainen, K., Langner, J., Law, K., Monks, S., von Salzen, K., Sand, M., Schmale, J., and Vestreng, V.: AMAP Assessment 2015: Black carbon and ozone as Arctic climate
forcers, Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP), Oslo, Norway, vii + 116 pp., ISBN 978-82-7971-092-9, 2015.
Raatikainen, T., Brus, D., Hyvärinen, A.-P., Svensson, J., Asmi, E., and Lihavainen, H.: Black carbon concentrations and mixing state in the Finnish Arctic, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 10057–10070, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-10057-2015, 2015.
Roiger, A., Thomas, J.-L., Schlager, H., Law, K. S., Kim, J., Schäfler,
A., Weinzierl, B., Dahlkötter, F., Krisch, I., Marelle, L., Minikin, A.,
Raut, J.-C., Reiter, A., Rose, M., Scheibe, M., Stock, P., Baumann, R.,
Bouarar, I., Clerbaux, C., George, M., Onishi, T., and Flemming, J.:
Quantifying Emerging Local Anthropogenic Emissions in the Arctic Region: The
ACCESS Aircraft Campaign Experiment, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 96, 441–460,
https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00169.1, 2015.
Samset, B. H., Myhre, G., Schulz, M., Balkanski, Y., Bauer, S., Berntsen, T. K., Bian, H., Bellouin, N., Diehl, T., Easter, R. C., Ghan, S. J., Iversen, T., Kinne, S., Kirkevåg, A., Lamarque, J.-F., Lin, G., Liu, X., Penner, J. E., Seland, Ø., Skeie, R. B., Stier, P., Takemura, T., Tsigaridis, K., and Zhang, K.: Black carbon vertical profiles strongly affect its radiative forcing uncertainty, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 2423–2434, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-2423-2013, 2013.
Samset, B. H., Stjern, C. W., Andrews, E., Kahn, R. A., Myhre, G., Schulz,
M., and Schuster, G. L.: Aerosol Absorption: Progress Towards Global and
Regional Constraints, Curr. Clim. Change Rep., 4, 65–83,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40641-018-0091-4, 2018.
Sand, M., Berntsen, T. K., Kay, J. E., Lamarque, J. F., Seland, Ø., and Kirkevåg, A.: The Arctic response to remote and local forcing of black carbon, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 211–224, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-211-2013, 2013.
Schnaiter, M. and Järvinen, E.: SID-3 1Hz size distribution of cloud
particles during the ACLOUD campaign in 2017, PANGAEA,
https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.900261, 2019.
Schroder, J. C., Hanna, S. J., Modini, R. L., Corrigan, A. L., Kreidenwies, S. M., Macdonald, A. M., Noone, K. J., Russell, L. M., Leaitch, W. R., and Bertram, A. K.: Size-resolved observations of refractory black carbon particles in cloud droplets at a marine boundary layer site, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 1367–1383, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-1367-2015, 2015.
Schulz, H., Zanatta, M., Bozem, H., Leaitch, W. R., Herber, A. B., Burkart, J., Willis, M. D., Kunkel, D., Hoor, P. M., Abbatt, J. P. D., and Gerdes, R.: High Arctic aircraft measurements characterising black carbon vertical variability in spring and summer, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 2361–2384, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-2361-2019, 2019.
Schwarz, J. P., Gao, R. S., Fahey, D. W., Thomson, D. S., Watts, L. A.,
Wilson, J. C., Reeves, J. M., Darbeheshti, M., Baumgardner, D. G., Kok, G.
L., Chung, S. H., Schulz, M., Hendricks, J., Lauer, A., Kärcher, B.,
Slowik, J. G., Rosenlof, K. H., Thompson, T. L., Langford, A. O.,
Loewenstein, M., and Aikin, K. C.: Single-particle measurements of
midlatitude black carbon and light-scattering aerosols from the boundary
layer to the lower stratosphere, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 111, D16207,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007076, 2006.
Schwarz, J. P., Samset, B. H., Perring, A. E., Spackman, J. R., Gao, R. S.,
Stier, P., Schulz, M., Moore, F. L., Ray, E. A., and Fahey, D. W.:
Global-scale seasonally resolved black carbon vertical profiles over the
Pacific, Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 2013GL057775,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2013GL057775, 2013.
Schwarz, J. P., Perring, A. E., Markovic, M. Z., Gao, R. S., Ohata, S.,
Langridge, J., Law, D., McLaughlin, R., and Fahey, D. W.: Technique and
theoretical approach for quantifying the hygroscopicity of
black-carbon-containing aerosol using a single particle soot photometer, J.
Aerosol Sci., 81, 110–126, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2014.11.009,
2015.
Sedlar, J., Shupe, M. D., and Tjernström, M.: On the Relationship
between Thermodynamic Structure and Cloud Top, and Its Climate Significance
in the Arctic, J. Climate, 25, 2374–2393,
https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00186.1, 2011.
Shupe, M. D. and Intrieri, J. M.: Cloud Radiative Forcing of the Arctic
Surface: The Influence of Cloud Properties, Surface Albedo, and Solar Zenith
Angle, J. Climate, 17, 616–628,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<0616:CRFOTA>2.0.CO;2, 2004.
Solomon, A., Feingold, G., and Shupe, M. D.: The role of ice nuclei recycling in the maintenance of cloud ice in Arctic mixed-phase stratocumulus, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 10631–10643, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-10631-2015, 2015.
Stachlewska, I. S.: Investigation of tropospheric arctic aerosol and
mixed-phase clouds using airborne lidar technique, Universität Potsdam,
2005.
Stachlewska, I. S., Neuber, R., Lampert, A., Ritter, C., and Wehrle, G.: AMALi – the Airborne Mobile Aerosol Lidar for Arctic research, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 2947–2963, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-2947-2010, 2010.
Stephens, M., Turner, N., and Sandberg, J.: Particle identification by
laser-induced incandescence in a solid-state laser cavity, Appl. Optics, 42,
3726–3736, https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.42.003726, 2003.
Taketani, F., Miyakawa, T., Takashima, H., Komazaki, Y., Kanaya, Y.,
Taketani, F., Miyakawa, T., Inoue, J., Kanaya, Y., Takashima, H., Pan, X.,
and Inoue, J.: Ship-borne observations of atmospheric black carbon aerosol
particles over the Arctic Ocean, Bering Sea, and North Pacific Ocean during
September 2014, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 121, 2015JD023648,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JD023648, 2016.
Tørseth, K., Andrews, E., Asmi, E., Eleftheriadis, K., Fiebig, M.,
Herber, A., Huang, L., Kylling, A., Lupi, A., Massling, A., Mazzola, M.,
Nøjgaard, J. K., Popovicheva, O., Schichtel, B., Schmale, J., Sharma, S.,
Skov, H., Stebel, K., Vasel, B., Vitale, V., Whaley, C., Yttri, K. E., and
Zanatta, M.: Review of Observation Capacities and Data Availability for
Black Carbon in the Arctic Region:EU Action on Black Carbon inthe Arctic –
Technical Report 1, 2019.
Vochezer, P., Järvinen, E., Wagner, R., Kupiszewski, P., Leisner, T., and Schnaiter, M.: In situ characterization of mixed phase clouds using the Small Ice Detector and the Particle Phase Discriminator, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 159–177, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-159-2016, 2016.
Wendisch, M., Macke, A., Ehrlich, A., Lüpkes, C., Mech, M., Chechin, D.,
Dethloff, K., Velasco, C. B., Bozem, H., Brückner, M., Clemen, H.-C.,
Crewell, S., Donth, T., Dupuy, R., Ebell, K., Egerer, U., Engelmann, R.,
Engler, C., Eppers, O., Gehrmann, M., Gong, X., Gottschalk, M., Gourbeyre,
C., Griesche, H., Hartmann, J., Hartmann, M., Heinold, B., Herber, A.,
Herrmann, H., Heygster, G., Hoor, P., Jafariserajehlou, S., Jäkel, E.,
Järvinen, E., Jourdan, O., Kästner, U., Kecorius, S., Knudsen, E.
M., Köllner, F., Kretzschmar, J., Lelli, L., Leroy, D., Maturilli, M.,
Mei, L., Mertes, S., Mioche, G., Neuber, R., Nicolaus, M., Nomokonova, T.,
Notholt, J., Palm, M., van Pinxteren, M., Quaas, J., Richter, P.,
Ruiz-Donoso, E., Schäfer, M., Schmieder, K., Schnaiter, M., Schneider,
J., Schwarzenböck, A., Seifert, P., Shupe, M. D., Siebert, H., Spreen,
G., Stapf, J., Stratmann, F., Vogl, T., Welti, A., Wex, H., Wiedensohler,
A., Zanatta, M., and Zeppenfeld, S.: The Arctic Cloud Puzzle: Using
ACLOUD/PASCAL Multiplatform Observations to Unravel the Role of Clouds and
Aerosol Particles in Arctic Amplification, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 100,
841–871, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-18-0072.1, 2018.
Wendisch, M., Brückner, M., Crewell, S., Ehrlich, A., Notholt, J.,
Lüpkes, C., Macke, A., Burrows, J. P., Rinke, A., Quaas, J., Maturilli,
M., Schemann, V., Shupe, M. D., Akansu, E. F., Barrientos-Velasco, C.,
Bärfuss, K., Blechschmidt, A.-M., Block, K., Bougoudis, I., Bozem, H.,
Böckmann, C., Bracher, A., Bresson, H., Bretschneider, L., Buschmann,
M., Chechin, D. G., Chylik, J., Dahlke, S., Deneke, H., Dethloff, K., Donth,
T., Dorn, W., Dupuy, R., Ebell, K., Egerer, U., Engelmann, R., Eppers, O.,
Gerdes, R., Gierens, R., Gorodetskaya, I. V., Gottschalk, M., Griesche, H.,
Gryanik, V. M., Handorf, D., Harm-Altstädter, B., Hartmann, J.,
Hartmann, M., Heinold, B., Herber, A., Herrmann, H., Heygster, G.,
Höschel, I., Hofmann, Z., Hölemann, J., Hünerbein, A.,
Jafariserajehlou, S., Jäkel, E., Jacobi, C., Janout, M., Jansen, F.,
Jourdan, O., Jurányi, Z., Kalesse-Los, H., Kanzow, T., Käthner, R.,
Kliesch, L. L., Klingebiel, M., Knudsen, E. M., Kovács, T., Körtke,
W., Krampe, D., Kretzschmar, J., Kreyling, D., Kulla, B., Kunkel, D.,
Lampert, A., Lauer, M., Lelli, L., Lerber, A. von, Linke, O., Löhnert,
U., Lonardi, M., Losa, S. N., Losch, M., Maahn, M., Mech, M., Mei, L.,
Mertes, S., Metzner, E., Mewes, D., Michaelis, J., Mioche, G., Moser, M.,
Nakoudi, K., Neggers, R., Neuber, R., Nomokonova, T., Oelker, J.,
Papakonstantinou-Presvelou, I., Pätzold, F., Pefanis, V., Pohl, C., van Pinxteren, M., Radovan, A., Rhein, M., Rex, M., Richter, A., Risse, N., Ritter, C., Rostosky, P., Rozanov, V. V., Donoso, E. R., Garfias, P. S., Salzmann, M., Schacht, J., Schäfer, M., Schneider, J., Schnierstein, N., Seifert, P., Seo, S., Siebert, H., Soppa, M. A., Spreen, G., Stachlewska, I. S., Stapf, J., Stratmann, F., Tegen, I., Viceto, C., Voigt, C., Vountas, M., Walbröl, A., Walter, M., Wehner, B., Wex, H., Willmes, S., Zanatta, M., and Zeppenfeld, S.: Atmospheric and Surface Processes,
and Feedback Mechanisms Determining Arctic Amplification: A Review of First
Results and Prospects of the (AC)3 Project, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 1,
E208–E242, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-21-0218.1, 2022.
Wesche, C., Steinhage, D., and Nixdorf, U.: Polar aircraft Polar5 and Polar6
operated by the Alfred Wegener Institute, J. Large-Scale Res. Facil. JLSRF,
2, A87, https://doi.org/10.17815/jlsrf-2-153, 2016.
Whaley, C. H., Mahmood, R., von Salzen, K., Winter, B., Eckhardt, S., Arnold, S., Beagley, S., Becagli, S., Chien, R.-Y., Christensen, J., Damani, S. M., Dong, X., Eleftheriadis, K., Evangeliou, N., Faluvegi, G., Flanner, M., Fu, J. S., Gauss, M., Giardi, F., Gong, W., Hjorth, J. L., Huang, L., Im, U., Kanaya, Y., Krishnan, S., Klimont, Z., Kühn, T., Langner, J., Law, K. S., Marelle, L., Massling, A., Olivié, D., Onishi, T., Oshima, N., Peng, Y., Plummer, D. A., Popovicheva, O., Pozzoli, L., Raut, J.-C., Sand, M., Saunders, L. N., Schmale, J., Sharma, S., Skeie, R. B., Skov, H., Taketani, F., Thomas, M. A., Traversi, R., Tsigaridis, K., Tsyro, S., Turnock, S., Vitale, V., Walker, K. A., Wang, M., Watson-Parris, D., and Weiss-Gibbons, T.: Model evaluation of short-lived climate forcers for the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme: a multi-species, multi-model study, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 5775–5828, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5775-2022, 2022.
Xu, J.-W., Martin, R. V., Morrow, A., Sharma, S., Huang, L., Leaitch, W. R., Burkart, J., Schulz, H., Zanatta, M., Willis, M. D., Henze, D. K., Lee, C. J., Herber, A. B., and Abbatt, J. P. D.: Source attribution of Arctic black carbon constrained by aircraft and surface measurements, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 11971–11989, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-11971-2017, 2017.
Yoshida, A., Moteki, N., Ohata, S., Mori, T., Tada, R.,
Dagsson-Waldhauserová, P., and Kondo, Y.: Detection of light-absorbing
iron oxide particles using a modified single-particle soot photometer,
Aerosol Sci. Tech., 50, 1–4,
https://doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2016.1146402, 2016.
Yoshida, A., Moteki, N., Ohata, S., Mori, T., Koike, M., Kondo, Y., Matsui,
H., Oshima, N., Takami, A., and Kita, K.: Abundances and Microphysical
Properties of Light-Absorbing Iron Oxide and Black Carbon Aerosols Over East
Asia and the Arctic, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 125, e2019JD032301,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD032301, 2020.
Yuan, J., Modini, R. L., Zanatta, M., Herber, A. B., Müller, T., Wehner, B., Poulain, L., Tuch, T., Baltensperger, U., and Gysel-Beer, M.: Variability in the mass absorption cross section of black carbon (BC) aerosols is driven by BC internal mixing state at a central European background site (Melpitz, Germany) in winter, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 635–655, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-635-2021, 2021.
Zanatta, M. and Herber, A.: Aircraft measurements of aerosol size distribution in the Arctic during the ACLOUD campaign 2017,
PANGAEA [data set], https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.900341, 2019a.
Zanatta, M. and Herber, A.: Aircraft measurements of refractory black carbon in the Arctic during the ACLOUD campaign 2017,
PANGAEA [data set],
https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.899937, 2019b.
Zanatta, M., Laj, P., Gysel, M., Baltensperger, U., Vratolis, S., Eleftheriadis, K., Kondo, Y., Dubuisson, P., Winiarek, V., Kazadzis, S., Tunved, P., and Jacobi, H.-W.: Effects of mixing state on optical and radiative properties of black carbon in the European Arctic, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 14037–14057, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-14037-2018, 2018.
Zanatta, M., Bozem, H., Köllner, F., Schneider, J., Kunkel, D., Hoor,
P., Faria, J. de, Petzold, A., Bundke, U., Hayden, K., Staebler, R. M.,
Schulz, H., and Herber, A. B.: Airborne survey of trace gases and aerosols
over the Southern Baltic Sea: from clean marine boundary layer to shipping
corridor effect, Tellus B, 72, 1–24,
https://doi.org/10.1080/16000889.2019.1695349, 2020.
Short summary
Black carbon (BC) particles influence the Arctic radiative balance. Vertical measurements of black carbon were conducted during the ACLOUD campaign in the European Arctic to study the interaction of BC with clouds. This study shows that clouds influence the vertical variability of BC properties across the inversion layer and that multiple activation and transformation mechanisms of BC may occur in the presence of low-level, persistent, mixed-phase clouds.
Black carbon (BC) particles influence the Arctic radiative balance. Vertical measurements of...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint