Articles | Volume 19, issue 7
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 4439–4457, 2019
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-4439-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 4439–4457, 2019
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-4439-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article 05 Apr 2019
Research article | 05 Apr 2019
Effects of urbanization on regional meteorology and air quality in Southern California
Yun Li et al.
Related authors
No articles found.
Joseph Ko, Trevor Krasowsky, and George Ban-Weiss
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 15635–15664, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-15635-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-15635-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Black carbon (BC) is the second strongest climate forcing pollutant in the atmosphere, after carbon dioxide. Here, we seek to understand how BC microphysical properties vary with atmospheric contexts, as these properties can influence its radiative forcing. Consistent with previous studies, we found that biomass burning BC had thicker coatings and larger core diameters than fossil fuel BC. We also present evidence to show that atmospheric aging also increases BC coating thickness.
Jiayu Xu, Jiachen Zhang, Junfeng Liu, Kan Yi, Songlin Xiang, Xiurong Hu, Yuqing Wang, Shu Tao, and George Ban-Weiss
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 1587–1603, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-1587-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-1587-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we fully describe black carbon wet removal coupled with all cloud processes from a cloud microphysics scheme in a climate model and conduct sensitivity simulations that turn off each cloud process one at a time. We find that convective scavenging, aerosol activation, ice nucleation, evaporation of rain–snow, and below-cloud scavenging dominate wet deposition of BC. In addition, the range of direct radiative forcing derived from sensitivity simulations is large, 0.09–0.33 W m−2.
Trevor S. Krasowsky, Gavin R. McMeeking, Constantinos Sioutas, and George Ban-Weiss
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 11991–12010, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-11991-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-11991-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Black carbon (BC) particles can have deleterious health consequences and impact regional and global climate. We aim to observe how processing near highways and longer timescale aging in an urban plume affect BC physical properties including coatings. Measurements in distinct regions of the Los Angeles Basin indicate that health-relevant physical properties can change within 100 m of the freeway. Climate-relevant properties downwind of Los Angeles depend on day of week and overall meteorology.
Kan Yi, Junfeng Liu, George Ban-Weiss, Jiachen Zhang, Wei Tao, Yanli Cheng, and Shu Tao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 8771–8788, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-8771-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-8771-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we find that SST increases of a specific ocean in the Northern Hemisphere tend to increase summertime surface O3 concentrations over upwind continents while reducing those over downwind regions. It also promotes a more stagnant climate, which tends to suppress O3 long-range transport. Our findings indicate a robust linkage between basin-scale SST variability and continental surface O3 pollution, which should be taken into account for air quality management.
Xiao Lu, Lin Zhang, Xu Yue, Jiachen Zhang, Daniel A. Jaffe, Andreas Stohl, Yuanhong Zhao, and Jingyuan Shao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 14687–14702, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-14687-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-14687-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Increasing wildfire activities in the mountainous western US may present a challenge for the region to attain a recently revised ozone air quality standard in summer. We quantify the wildfire influence on the ozone variability, trends, and number of high ozone days over this region in summers 1989–2010 using a Lagrangian dispersion model and statistical regression models.
J. Zhang, J. Liu, S. Tao, and G. A. Ban-Weiss
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 11521–11535, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-11521-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-11521-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
We tag BC emissions from 13 source regions around the globe in a global chemical transport model MOZART-4 and optimize the aging timescale for each source region by minimizing errors in vertical profiles of BC mass mixing ratios between simulations and HIAPER Polo-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO). We find that the optimized aging timescale of BC varies significantly by region and season. Our simulations indicate that BC lifetime increases nearly linearly with aging timescale for all source regions.
Related subject area
Subject: Aerosols | Research Activity: Atmospheric Modelling | Altitude Range: Troposphere | Science Focus: Chemistry (chemical composition and reactions)
Modelling the gas–particle partitioning and water uptake of isoprene-derived secondary organic aerosol at high and low relative humidity
Modeling secondary organic aerosol formation from volatile chemical products
Why is the city's responsibility for its air pollution often underestimated? A focus on PM2.5
Quantifying the structural uncertainty of the aerosol mixing state representation in a modal model
Changes in PM2.5 concentrations and their sources in the US from 1990 to 2010
A predictive thermodynamic framework of cloud droplet activation for chemically unresolved aerosol mixtures, including surface tension, non-ideality, and bulk–surface partitioning
Process-based and observation-constrained SOA simulations in China: the role of semivolatile and intermediate-volatility organic compounds and OH levels
Impacts of emission changes in China from 2010 to 2017 on domestic and intercontinental air quality and health effect
Exploring the sensitivity of atmospheric nitrate concentrations to nitric acid uptake rate using the Met Office's Unified Model
Improving the representation of HONO chemistry in CMAQ and examining its impact on haze over China
How alkaline compounds control atmospheric aerosol particle acidity
Aerosol transport pathways and source attribution in China during the COVID-19 outbreak
Nonlinear responses of particulate nitrate to NOx emission controls in the megalopolises of China
Insight into PM2.5 sources by applying positive matrix factorization (PMF) at urban and rural sites of Beijing
Evaluation and intercomparison of wildfire smoke forecasts from multiple modeling systems for the 2019 Williams Flats fire
Exploring DMS oxidation and implications for global aerosol radiative forcing
A comprehensive observation-based multiphase chemical model analysis of sulfur dioxide oxidations in both summer and winter
Predicting gas–particle partitioning coefficients of atmospheric molecules with machine learning
Development of a new emission reallocation method for industrial sources in China
Modelling changes in secondary inorganic aerosol formation and nitrogen deposition in Europe from 2005 to 2030
Extension of the AIOMFAC model by iodine and carbonate species: applications for aerosol acidity and cloud droplet activation
Projections of shipping emissions and the related impact on air pollution and human health in the Nordic region
Prediction of Secondary Organic Aerosol from the Multiphase Reaction of Gasoline Vapor by Using Volatility–Reactivity Base Lumping
A predictive model for salt nanoparticle formation using heterodimer stability calculations
Source-Resolved Variability of Fine Particulate Matter and Human Exposure in an Urban Area
Using GECKO-A to derive mechanistic understanding of secondary organic aerosol formation from the ubiquitous but understudied camphene
Seasonal distribution and drivers of surface fine particulate matter and organic aerosol over the Indo-Gangetic Plain
Intensified modulation of winter aerosol pollution in China by El Niño with short duration
Forest-fire aerosol–weather feedbacks over western North America using a high-resolution, online coupled air-quality model
Estimation of secondary organic aerosol viscosity from explicit modeling of gas-phase oxidation of isoprene and α-pinene
Quantitative assessment of changes in surface particulate matter concentrations and precursor emissions over China during the COVID-19 pandemic and their implications for Chinese economic activity
Secondary aerosol formation from dimethyl sulfide – improved mechanistic understanding based on smog chamber experiments and modelling
Non-linear response of PM2.5 to changes in NOx and NH3 emissions in the Po basin (Italy): consequences for air quality plans
Insights into seasonal variation of wet deposition over southeast Asia via precipitation adjustment from the findings of MICS-Asia III
Modeling the impact of COVID-19 on air quality in southern California: implications for future control policies
Responses of Arctic black carbon and surface temperature to multi-region emission reductions: a Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution Phase 2 (HTAP2) ensemble modeling study
Analysis of secondary organic aerosol simulation bias in the Community Earth System Model (CESM2.1)
A numerical framework for simulating episodic emissions of high-temperature marine INPs
Future evolution of aerosols and implications for climate change in the Euro-Mediterranean region using the CNRM-ALADIN63 regional climate model
Source apportionment of fine organic carbon at an urban site of Beijing using a chemical mass balance model
Modeled changes in source contributions of particulate matter during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Yangtze River Delta, China
Aerosols from anthropogenic and biogenic sources and their interactions – modeling aerosol formation, optical properties, and impacts over the central Amazon basin
The impact of atmospheric blocking on the compounding effect of ozone pollution and temperature: A copula-based approach
Aerosol radiative forcings induced by substantial changes in anthropogenic emissions in China from 2008 to 2016
A study of the effect of aerosols on surface ozone through meteorology feedbacks over China
Sensitivities to biological aerosol particle properties and ageing processes: potential implications for aerosol–cloud interactions and optical properties
Future changes in isoprene-epoxydiol-derived secondary organic aerosol (IEPOX SOA) under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways: the importance of physicochemical dependency
Improving regional air quality predictions in the Indo-Gangetic Plain – case study of an intensive pollution episode in November 2017
Recommendations on benchmarks for numerical air quality model applications in China – Part 1: PM2.5 and chemical species
Global modeling studies of composition and decadal trends of the Asian Tropopause Aerosol Layer
Dalrin Ampritta Amaladhasan, Claudia Heyn, Christopher R. Hoyle, Imad El Haddad, Miriam Elser, Simone M. Pieber, Jay G. Slowik, Antonio Amorim, Jonathan Duplissy, Sebastian Ehrhart, Vladimir Makhmutov, Ugo Molteni, Matti Rissanen, Yuri Stozhkov, Robert Wagner, Armin Hansel, Jasper Kirkby, Neil M. Donahue, Rainer Volkamer, Urs Baltensperger, Martin Gysel-Beer, and Andreas Zuend
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 215–244, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-215-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-215-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We use a combination of models for gas-phase chemical reactions and equilibrium gas–particle partitioning of isoprene-derived secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) informed by dark ozonolysis experiments conducted in the CLOUD chamber. Our predictions cover high to low relative humidities (RHs) and quantify how SOA mass yields are enhanced at high RH as well as the impact of inorganic seeds of distinct hygroscopicities and acidities on the coupled partitioning of water and semi-volatile organics.
Elyse A. Pennington, Karl M. Seltzer, Benjamin N. Murphy, Momei Qin, John H. Seinfeld, and Havala O. T. Pye
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 18247–18261, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-18247-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-18247-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Volatile chemical products (VCPs) are commonly used consumer and industrial items that contribute to the formation of atmospheric aerosol. We implemented the emissions and chemistry of VCPs in a regional-scale model and compared predictions with measurements made in Los Angeles. Our results reduced model bias and suggest that VCPs may contribute up to half of anthropogenic secondary organic aerosol in Los Angeles and are an important source of human-influenced particular matter in urban areas.
Philippe Thunis, Alain Clappier, Alexander de Meij, Enrico Pisoni, Bertrand Bessagnet, and Leonor Tarrason
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 18195–18212, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-18195-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-18195-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Air pollution's origin in cities is still a point of discussion, and approaches to assess the city's responsibility for its pollution are not harmonized and thus not comparable, resulting in sometimes contradicting interpretations. We show that methodological choices can easily lead to differences of a factor of 2 in terms of responsibility outcome and stress that methodological choices and assumptions most often lead to a systematic and important underestimation of the city's responsibility.
Zhonghua Zheng, Matthew West, Lei Zhao, Po-Lun Ma, Xiaohong Liu, and Nicole Riemer
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 17727–17741, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17727-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17727-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol mixing state is an important emergent property that affects aerosol radiative forcing and aerosol–cloud interactions, but it has not been easy to constrain this property globally. We present a framework for evaluating the error in aerosol mixing state induced by aerosol representation assumptions, which is one of the important contributors to structural uncertainty in aerosol models. Our study provides insights into potential improvements to model process representation for aerosols.
Ksakousti Skyllakou, Pablo Garcia Rivera, Brian Dinkelacker, Eleni Karnezi, Ioannis Kioutsioukis, Carlos Hernandez, Peter J. Adams, and Spyros N. Pandis
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 17115–17132, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17115-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17115-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Significant reductions in pollutant emissions took place in the US from 1990 to 2010. The reductions in sulfur dioxide emissions from electric-generating units have dominated the reductions in fine particle mass. The reductions in transportation emissions have led to a 30 % reduction of elemental concentrations and of organic particulate matter by a factor of 3. On the other hand, changes in biomass burning and biogenic secondary organic aerosol have been modest.
Nønne L. Prisle
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 16387–16411, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16387-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16387-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
A mass-based Gibbs adsorption model is presented to enable predictive Köhler calculations of droplet growth and activation with considerations of surface partitioning, surface tension, and non-ideal water activity for chemically complex and unresolved surface active aerosol mixtures, including actual atmospheric samples. The model is used to calculate cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activity of aerosol particles comprising strongly surface-active model atmospheric humic-like substances (HULIS).
Ruqian Miao, Qi Chen, Manish Shrivastava, Youfan Chen, Lin Zhang, Jianlin Hu, Yan Zheng, and Keren Liao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 16183–16201, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16183-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16183-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We apply process-based and observation-constrained schemes to simulate organic aerosol in China and conduct comprehensive model–observation comparisons. The results show that anthropogenic semivolatile and intermediate-volatility organic compounds (SVOCs and IVOCs) are the main sources of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in polluted regions, for which the residential sector is perhaps the predominant contributor. The hydroxyl radical level is also important for SOA modeling in polluted regions.
Yuqiang Zhang, Drew Shindell, Karl Seltzer, Lu Shen, Jean-Francois Lamarque, Qiang Zhang, Bo Zheng, Jia Xing, Zhe Jiang, and Lei Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 16051–16065, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16051-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16051-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we use a global chemical transport model to simulate the effects on global air quality and human health due to emission changes in China from 2010 to 2017. By performing sensitivity analysis, we found that the air pollution control policies not only decrease the air pollutant concentration but also bring significant co-benefits in air quality to downwind regions. The benefits for the improved air pollution are dominated by PM2.5.
Anthony C. Jones, Adrian Hill, Samuel Remy, N. Luke Abraham, Mohit Dalvi, Catherine Hardacre, Alan J. Hewitt, Ben Johnson, Jane P. Mulcahy, and Steven T. Turnock
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 15901–15927, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15901-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15901-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Ammonium nitrate is hard to model because it forms and evaporates rapidly. One approach is to relate its equilibrium concentration to temperature, humidity, and the amount of nitric acid and ammonia gases. Using this approach, we limit the rate at which equilibrium is reached using various condensation rates in a climate model. We show that ammonium nitrate concentrations are highly sensitive to the condensation rate. Our results will help improve the representation of nitrate in climate models.
Shuping Zhang, Golam Sarwar, Jia Xing, Biwu Chu, Chaoyang Xue, Arunachalam Sarav, Dian Ding, Haotian Zheng, Yujing Mu, Fengkui Duan, Tao Ma, and Hong He
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 15809–15826, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15809-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15809-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Six heterogeneous HONO chemistry updates in CMAQ significantly improve HONO concentration. HONO production is primarily controlled by the heterogeneous reactions on ground and aerosol surfaces during haze. Additional HONO chemistry updates increase OH and production of secondary aerosols: sulfate, nitrate, and SOA.
Vlassis A. Karydis, Alexandra P. Tsimpidi, Andrea Pozzer, and Jos Lelieveld
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 14983–15001, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14983-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14983-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol particle pH is well-buffered by alkaline compounds, notably NH3 and crustal elements. NH3 is found to supply remarkable buffering capacity on a global scale, from the polluted continents to the remote oceans. Potential future changes in agricultural NH3 must be accompanied by strong reductions of SO2 and NOx to avoid particles becoming highly acidic, with implications for human health (aerosol toxicity), ecosystems (acid deposition), clouds, and climate (aerosol hygroscopicity).
Lili Ren, Yang Yang, Hailong Wang, Pinya Wang, Lei Chen, Jia Zhu, and Hong Liao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 15431–15445, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15431-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15431-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, human activities were strictly restricted in China. Even though anthropogenic aerosol emissions largely decreased, haze events still occurred. Our results shows that PM2.5 over the North China Plain is largely contributed by local sources. For other regions in China, PM2.5 is largely contributed from nonlocal sources. As emission reduction is a future goal, aerosol long-range transport and unfavorable meteorology are increasingly important to air quality.
Mengmeng Li, Zihan Zhang, Quan Yao, Tijian Wang, Min Xie, Shu Li, Bingliang Zhuang, and Yong Han
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 15135–15152, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15135-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15135-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We establish the nonlinear responses between nitrate and NOx in China. Reduction of NOx results in linearly lower nitrate in summer–autumn whereas an increase of winter nitrate until an inflexion point at 40–50 % reduction due to the excess oxidants. NH3 and VOCs are effective in controlling nitrate pollution, whereas decreasing the SO2 and NOx emissions may have counterintuitive effects on nitrate aerosols. This paper helps understand the nonlinear aerosol and photochemistry feedback.
Deepchandra Srivastava, Jingsha Xu, Tuan V. Vu, Di Liu, Linjie Li, Pingqing Fu, Siqi Hou, Natalia Moreno Palmerola, Zongbo Shi, and Roy M. Harrison
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 14703–14724, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14703-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14703-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents the source apportionment of PM2.5 performed by positive matrix factorization (PMF) at urban and rural sites in Beijing. These factors are interpreted as traffic emissions, biomass burning, road and soil dust, coal and oil combustion, and secondary inorganics. PMF failed to resolve some sources identified by CMB and AMS and appears to overestimate the dust sources. Comparison with earlier PMF studies from the Beijing area highlights inconsistent findings using this method.
Xinxin Ye, Pargoal Arab, Ravan Ahmadov, Eric James, Georg A. Grell, Bradley Pierce, Aditya Kumar, Paul Makar, Jack Chen, Didier Davignon, Greg R. Carmichael, Gonzalo Ferrada, Jeff McQueen, Jianping Huang, Rajesh Kumar, Louisa Emmons, Farren L. Herron-Thorpe, Mark Parrington, Richard Engelen, Vincent-Henri Peuch, Arlindo da Silva, Amber Soja, Emily Gargulinski, Elizabeth Wiggins, Johnathan W. Hair, Marta Fenn, Taylor Shingler, Shobha Kondragunta, Alexei Lyapustin, Yujie Wang, Brent Holben, David M. Giles, and Pablo E. Saide
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 14427–14469, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14427-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14427-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Wildfire smoke has crucial impacts on air quality, while uncertainties in the numerical forecasts remain significant. We present an evaluation of 12 real-time forecasting systems. Comparison of predicted smoke emissions suggests a large spread in magnitudes, with temporal patterns deviating from satellite detections. The performance for AOD and surface PM2.5 and their discrepancies highlighted the role of accurately represented spatiotemporal emission profiles in improving smoke forecasts.
Ka Ming Fung, Colette L. Heald, Jesse H. Kroll, Siyuan Wang, Duseong S. Jo, Andrew Gettelman, Zheng Lu, Xiaohong Liu, Rahul A. Zaveri, Eric Apel, Donald R. Blake, Jose-Luis Jimenez, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Patrick Veres, Timothy S. Bates, John E. Shilling, and Maria Zawadowicz
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-782, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-782, 2021
Revised manuscript accepted for ACP
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding the natural aerosol burden in the pre-industrial is crucial for us to assess how atmospheric aerosols affect the Earth's radiative budgets. Our study explores how a detailed description of DMS oxidation (implemented in an atmospheric model named CAM6-chem) could help us better estimate the present-day and pre-industrial concentrations of sulfate and other relevant chemicals as well as the resulting aerosol radiative impacts.
Huan Song, Keding Lu, Can Ye, Huabin Dong, Shule Li, Shiyi Chen, Zhijun Wu, Mei Zheng, Limin Zeng, Min Hu, and Yuanhang Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 13713–13727, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13713-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13713-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Secondary sulfate aerosols are an important component of fine particles in severe air pollution events. We calculated the sulfate formation rates via a state-of-the-art multiphase model constrained to the observed values. We showed that transition metals in urban aerosols contribute significantly to sulfate formation during haze periods and thus play an important role in mitigation strategies and public health measures in megacities worldwide.
Emma Lumiaro, Milica Todorović, Theo Kurten, Hanna Vehkamäki, and Patrick Rinke
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 13227–13246, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13227-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13227-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The study of climate change relies on climate models, which require an understanding of aerosol formation. We train a machine-learning model to predict the partitioning coefficients of atmospheric molecules, which govern condensation into aerosols. The model can make instant predictions based on molecular structures with accuracy surpassing that of standard computational methods. This will allow the screening of low-volatility molecules that contribute most to aerosol formation.
Yun Fat Lam, Chi Chiu Cheung, Xuguo Zhang, Joshua S. Fu, and Jimmy Chi Hung Fung
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 12895–12908, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-12895-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-12895-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In recent years, air pollution forecasting has become an important municipal service of the government. In this study, a new spatial allocation method based on satellite remote sensing and GIS techniques was developed to address the spatial deficiency of industrial source emissions in China, providing a substantial improvement on NO2 and PM2.5 forecast for the Pearl River Delta/Greater Bay Area.
Jan Eiof Jonson, Hilde Fagerli, Thomas Scheuschner, and Svetlana Tsyro
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-342, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-342, 2021
Revised manuscript accepted for ACP
Short summary
Short summary
Ammonia emissions are expected to decrease less than SOx and NOx emissions between 2005 and 2030. As the formation of PM2.5 particles from ammonia depends on the ratio between ammonia on one hand, and sulphate (from SOx) and HNO3 (from NOx) on the other hand, the efficiency of particle formation from ammonia is decreasing. Depositions of reduced nitrogen are decreasing much less than oxidized nitrogen. The critical loads for nitrogen deposition will be exceeded in much of Europe also in 2030.
Hang Yin, Jing Dou, Liviana Klein, Ulrich K. Krieger, Alison Bain, Brandon J. Wallace, Thomas C. Preston, and Andreas Zuend
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-636, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-636, 2021
Revised manuscript accepted for ACP
Short summary
Short summary
Iodine and carbonate species are important components in marine and dust aerosols, respectively. We introduce an extended version of the AIOMFAC thermodynamic mixing model, which includes the ions I−, IO3−, HCO3−, CO32−, OH−, and CO2(aq) as new species, and we discuss two methods for solving the carbonate dissociation equilibria numerically. We also present new experimental water activity data for aqueous iodide and iodate systems.
Camilla Geels, Morten Winther, Camilla Andersson, Jukka-Pekka Jalkanen, Jørgen Brandt, Lise M. Frohn, Ulas Im, Wing Leung, and Jesper H. Christensen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 12495–12519, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-12495-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-12495-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we set up new shipping emissions scenarios and use two chemistry transport models and a health assessment model to assess the development of air quality and related health impacts in the Nordic region. Shipping alone is associated with about 850 premature deaths during present-day conditions, decreasing to approximately 550–600 cases in the 2050 scenarios.
Sanghee Han and Myoseon Jang
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-649, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-649, 2021
Revised manuscript accepted for ACP
Short summary
Short summary
The gasoline SOA formation potential was simulated by using the UNIPAR model coupled with CB6r3 mechanism under varying NOx levels, aerosol acidity, humidity, temperature, and concentrations of aqueous salts and gasoline vapor. The model predicts SOA formation via multiphase reactions in the absence of wall bias. The simulation shows that both heterogeneous reactions in aqueous phase and the implementation of model parameters corrected for GWP are critical to accurately predicting SOA mass.
Sabrina Chee, Kelley Barsanti, James N. Smith, and Nanna Myllys
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 11637–11654, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11637-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11637-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We explored molecular properties affecting atmospheric particle formation efficiency and derived a parameterization between particle formation rate and heterodimer concentration, which showed good agreement to previously reported experimental data. Considering the simplicity of calculating heterodimer concentration, this approach has potential to improve estimates of global cloud condensation nuclei in models that are limited by the computational expense of calculating particle formation rate.
Pablo Garcia Rivera, Brian T. Dinkelacker, Ioannis Kioutsioukis, Peter J. Adams, and Spyros N. Pandis
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-568, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-568, 2021
Revised manuscript accepted for ACP
Short summary
Short summary
The contribution of various pollution sources to the variability of fine PM in an urban area was examined using as an example the city of Pittsburgh. Biomass burning aerosol shows the largest variability during the winter with local maxima within the city and in the suburbs. During both periods the largest contributing source to the average PM2.5 is particles from outside the modeling domain. The average population weighted PM2.5 concentration does not change significantly with resolution.
Isaac Kwadjo Afreh, Bernard Aumont, Marie Camredon, and Kelley Claire Barsanti
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 11467–11487, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11467-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11467-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This is the first mechanistic modeling study of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from the understudied monoterpene, camphene. The semi-explicit chemical model GECKO-A predicted camphene SOA yields that were ~2 times α-pinene. Using 50/50 α-pinene + limonene as a surrogate for camphene increased predicted SOA mass from biomass burning fuels by up to ~100 %. The accurate representation of camphene in air quality models can improve predictions of SOA when camphene is a dominant monoterpene.
Caterina Mogno, Paul I. Palmer, Christoph Knote, Fei Yao, and Timothy J. Wallington
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 10881–10909, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10881-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10881-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We use a 3-D atmospheric chemistry model to investigate how seasonal emissions sources and meteorological conditions affect the surface distribution of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and organic aerosol (OA) over the Indo-Gangetic Plain. We find that all seasonal mean values of PM2.5 still exceed safe air quality levels, with human emissions contributing to PM2.5 all year round, open fires during post- and pre-monsoon, and biogenic emissions during monsoon. OA contributes up to 30 % to PM2.5.
Liangying Zeng, Yang Yang, Hailong Wang, Jing Wang, Jing Li, Lili Ren, Huimin Li, Yang Zhou, Pinya Wang, and Hong Liao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 10745–10761, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10745-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10745-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Using an aerosol–climate model, the impacts of El Niño with different durations on aerosols in China are examined. The modulation on aerosol concentrations and haze days by short-duration El Niño events is 2–3 times more than that by long-duration El Niño events in China. The frequency of short-duration El Niño has been increasing significantly in recent decades, suggesting that El Niño events have exerted increasingly intense modulation on aerosol pollution in China over the past few decades.
Paul A. Makar, Ayodeji Akingunola, Jack Chen, Balbir Pabla, Wanmin Gong, Craig Stroud, Christopher Sioris, Kerry Anderson, Philip Cheung, Junhua Zhang, and Jason Milbrandt
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 10557–10587, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10557-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10557-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We have examined the effects of airborne particles on absorption and scattering of incoming sunlight by the particles themselves via cloud formation. We used an advanced, combined high-resolution weather forecast and chemical transport computer model, for western North America, and simulations with and without the connections between particles and weather enabled. Feedbacks improved weather and air pollution forecasts and changed cloud behaviour and forest-fire pollutant amount and height.
Tommaso Galeazzo, Richard Valorso, Ying Li, Marie Camredon, Bernard Aumont, and Manabu Shiraiwa
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 10199–10213, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10199-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10199-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We simulate SOA viscosity with explicit modeling of gas-phase oxidation of isoprene and α-pinene. While the viscosity dependence on relative humidity and mass loadings is captured well by simulations, the model underestimates measured viscosity, indicating missing processes. Kinetic limitations and reduction in mass accommodation may cause an increase in viscosity. The developed model is powerful for investigation of the interplay among gas reactions, chemical composition and phase state.
Hyun Cheol Kim, Soontae Kim, Mark Cohen, Changhan Bae, Dasom Lee, Rick Saylor, Minah Bae, Eunhye Kim, Byeong-Uk Kim, Jin-Ho Yoon, and Ariel Stein
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 10065–10080, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10065-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10065-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Global outbreaks of COVID-19 offer rare opportunities of natural experiments in emission control and corresponding responses of tropospheric chemistry. This study's novel approach investigates (1) isolating the pandemic's impact from natural and anthropogenic variations, (2) emission adjustment to reproduce real-time emissions, and (3) brute-force modeling to investigate Chinese economic activities. Results provide characteristics of the region's chemistry and emissions.
Robin Wollesen de Jonge, Jonas Elm, Bernadette Rosati, Sigurd Christiansen, Noora Hyttinen, Dana Lüdemann, Merete Bilde, and Pontus Roldin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 9955–9976, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-9955-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-9955-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents a detailed analysis of the OH-initiated oxidation of dimethyl sulfide (DMS) based on experiments performed in the Aarhus University Research on Aerosol (AURA) smog chamber and the gas- and particle-phase chemistry kinetic multilayer model (ADCHAM). We capture the formation, growth and chemical composition of aerosols in the chamber setup by an improved multiphase oxidation mechanism and utilize our results to reproduce the important role of DMS in the marine boundary layer.
Philippe Thunis, Alain Clappier, Matthias Beekmann, Jean Philippe Putaud, Cornelis Cuvelier, Jessie Madrazo, and Alexander de Meij
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 9309–9327, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-9309-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-9309-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Modelling simulations are used to identify the most efficient emission reduction strategies to reduce PM2.5 concentration levels in northern Italy. Results show contrasting chemical regimes and important non-linearities during wintertime, with the striking result that PM2.5 levels may increase when NOx reductions are applied in NOx-rich areas – a process that may have contributed to the absence of significant PM2.5 decrease during the COVID-19 lockdowns in many European cities.
Syuichi Itahashi, Baozhu Ge, Keiichi Sato, Zhe Wang, Junichi Kurokawa, Jiani Tan, Kan Huang, Joshua S. Fu, Xuemei Wang, Kazuyo Yamaji, Tatsuya Nagashima, Jie Li, Mizuo Kajino, Gregory R. Carmichael, and Zifa Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 8709–8734, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8709-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8709-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents the detailed analysis of acid deposition over southeast Asia based on the Model Inter-Comparison Study for Asia (MICS-Asia) phase III. Simulated wet deposition is evaluated with observation data from the Acid Deposition Monitoring Network in East Asia (EANET). The difficulties of models to capture observations are related to the model performance on precipitation. The precipitation-adjusted approach was applied, and the distribution of wet deposition was successfully revised.
Zhe Jiang, Hongrong Shi, Bin Zhao, Yu Gu, Yifang Zhu, Kazuyuki Miyazaki, Xin Lu, Yuqiang Zhang, Kevin W. Bowman, Takashi Sekiya, and Kuo-Nan Liou
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 8693–8708, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8693-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8693-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We use the COVID-19 pandemic as a unique natural experiment to obtain a more robust understanding of the effectiveness of emission reductions toward air quality improvement by combining chemical transport simulations and observations. Our findings imply a shift from current control policies in California: a strengthened control on primary PM2.5 emissions and a well-balanced control on NOx and volatile organic compounds are needed to effectively and sustainably alleviate PM2.5 and O3 pollution.
Na Zhao, Xinyi Dong, Kan Huang, Joshua S. Fu, Marianne Tronstad Lund, Kengo Sudo, Daven Henze, Tom Kucsera, Yun Fat Lam, Mian Chin, and Simone Tilmes
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 8637–8654, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8637-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8637-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Black carbon acts as a strong climate forcer, especially in vulnerable pristine regions such as the Arctic. This work utilizes ensemble modeling results from the task force Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution Phase 2 to investigate the responses of Arctic black carbon and surface temperature to various source emission reductions. East Asia contributed the most to Arctic black carbon. The response of Arctic temperature to black carbon was substantially more sensitive than the global average.
Yaman Liu, Xinyi Dong, Minghuai Wang, Louisa K. Emmons, Yawen Liu, Yuan Liang, Xiao Li, and Manish Shrivastava
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 8003–8021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8003-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8003-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) is considered one of the most important uncertainties in climate modeling. We evaluate SOA performance in the Community Earth System Model version 2.1 (CESM2.1) configured with the Community Atmosphere Model version 6 with chemistry (CAM6-Chem) through a long-term simulation (1988–2019) with observations in the United States, which indicates monoterpene-formed SOA contributes most to the overestimation of SOA at the surface and underestimation in the upper air.
Isabelle Steinke, Paul J. DeMott, Grant Deane, Thomas C. J. Hill, Mathew Maltrud, Aishwarya Raman, and Susannah M. Burrows
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-316, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-316, 2021
Revised manuscript accepted for ACP
Short summary
Short summary
Over the oceans, sea spray aerosol is an important source of particles that may initiate the formation of cloud ice, which then has implications for the radiative properties of marine clouds. In our study, we focus on marine biogenic particles that are emitted episodically and develop a numerical framework to describe these emissions. We find that further cloud-resolving model studies and targeted observations are needed to fully understand the climate impacts from marine biogenic particles.
Thomas Drugé, Pierre Nabat, Marc Mallet, and Samuel Somot
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 7639–7669, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7639-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7639-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents the surface mass concentration and AOD evolution of various aerosols over the Euro-Mediterranean region between the end of the 20th century and the mid-21st century. This study also describes the part of the expected climate change over the Euro-Mediterranean region that can be explained by the evolution of these different aerosols.
Jingsha Xu, Di Liu, Xuefang Wu, Tuan V. Vu, Yanli Zhang, Pingqing Fu, Yele Sun, Weiqi Xu, Bo Zheng, Roy M. Harrison, and Zongbo Shi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 7321–7341, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7321-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7321-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Source apportionment of fine aerosols in an urban site of Beijing used a chemical mass balance (CMB) model. Seven primary sources (industrial/residential coal burning, biomass burning, gasoline/diesel vehicles, cooking and vegetative detritus) explained an average of 75.7 % and 56.1 % of fine OC in winter and summer, respectively. CMB was found to resolve more primary OA sources than AMS-PMF, but the latter apportioned more secondary OA sources.
Jinlong Ma, Juanyong Shen, Peng Wang, Shengqiang Zhu, Yu Wang, Pengfei Wang, Gehui Wang, Jianmin Chen, and Hongliang Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 7343–7355, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7343-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7343-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Due to the reduced anthropogenic emissions during the COVID-19 lockdown, mainly from the transportation and industrial sectors, PM2.5 decreased significantly in the whole Yangtze River Delta (YRD) and its major cities. However, the contributions and relative importance of different source sectors and regions changed differently, indicating that control strategies should be adjusted accordingly for further pollution control.
Janaína P. Nascimento, Megan M. Bela, Bruno B. Meller, Alessandro L. Banducci, Luciana V. Rizzo, Angel Liduvino Vara-Vela, Henrique M. J. Barbosa, Helber Gomes, Sameh A. A. Rafee, Marco A. Franco, Samara Carbone, Glauber G. Cirino, Rodrigo A. F. Souza, Stuart A. McKeen, and Paulo Artaxo
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 6755–6779, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6755-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6755-2021, 2021
Noelia Otero, Oscar Jurado, Tim Butler, and Henning W. Rust
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-297, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-297, 2021
Revised manuscript accepted for ACP
Short summary
Short summary
Surface ozone and temperature are strongly dependent and their extremes might be exacerbated by underlying climatological drivers, such as atmospheric blocking. Using an observational data set, we measure the dependence structure between ozone and temperature under the influence of atmospheric blocking. Blocks enhanced the probability of occurrence of compound ozone and temperature extremes over northwestern and central Europe, leading to higher health risks.
Mingxu Liu and Hitoshi Matsui
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 5965–5982, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5965-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5965-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
By integrating an advanced global climate model with the latest anthropogenic emission inventory, we quantify the aerosol perturbations to regional radiative budgets due to the changes in anthropogenic emissions in China from 2008–2016. We find that aerosol–radiation interactions lead to a relatively small net radiative forcing at the top of the atmosphere but contribute largely to surface brightening in China over the past few decades.
Yawei Qu, Apostolos Voulgarakis, Tijian Wang, Matthew Kasoar, Chris Wells, Cheng Yuan, Sunil Varma, and Laura Mansfield
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 5705–5718, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5705-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5705-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The meteorological effect of aerosols on tropospheric ozone is investigated using global atmospheric modelling. We found that aerosol-induced meteorological effects act to reduce modelled ozone concentrations over China, which brings the simulation closer to observed levels. Our work sheds light on understudied processes affecting the levels of tropospheric gaseous pollutants and provides a basis for evaluating such processes using a combination of observations and model sensitivity experiments.
Minghui Zhang, Amina Khaled, Pierre Amato, Anne-Marie Delort, and Barbara Ervens
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 3699–3724, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3699-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3699-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Although primary biological aerosol particles (PBAPs, bioaerosols) represent a small fraction of total atmospheric aerosol burden, they might affect climate and public health. We summarize which PBAP properties are important to affect their inclusion in clouds and interaction with light and might also affect their residence time and transport in the atmosphere. Our study highlights that not only chemical and physical but also biological processes can modify these physicochemical properties.
Duseong S. Jo, Alma Hodzic, Louisa K. Emmons, Simone Tilmes, Rebecca H. Schwantes, Michael J. Mills, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Weiwei Hu, Rahul A. Zaveri, Richard C. Easter, Balwinder Singh, Zheng Lu, Christiane Schulz, Johannes Schneider, John E. Shilling, Armin Wisthaler, and Jose L. Jimenez
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 3395–3425, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3395-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3395-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) is a major component of submicron particulate matter, but there are a lot of uncertainties in the future prediction of SOA. We used CESM 2.1 to investigate future IEPOX SOA concentration changes. The explicit chemistry predicted substantial changes in IEPOX SOA depending on the future scenario, but the parameterization predicted weak changes due to simplified chemistry, which shows the importance of correct physicochemical dependencies in future SOA prediction.
Behrooz Roozitalab, Gregory R. Carmichael, and Sarath K. Guttikunda
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 2837–2860, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2837-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2837-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We used air quality modeling to study an extreme pollution episode in November 2017 in India. We found both local and regional emissions contribute to high pollution levels. The extreme pollution values were the result of agricultural fires in the northwest of India. Ozone should be considered in future air quality management strategies.
Ling Huang, Yonghui Zhu, Hehe Zhai, Shuhui Xue, Tianyi Zhu, Yun Shao, Ziyi Liu, Chris Emery, Greg Yarwood, Yangjun Wang, Joshua Fu, Kun Zhang, and Li Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 2725–2743, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2725-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2725-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Numerical air quality models (AQMs) are being applied extensively to address diverse scientific and regulatory compliance associated with deteriorating air quality in China. For any AQM applications, model performance evaluation is a critical step that guarantees the robustness and reliability of the baseline modeling results and subsequent applications. We provided benchmarks for model performance evaluation of AQM applications in China to demonstrate model robustness.
Adriana Bossolasco, Fabrice Jegou, Pasquale Sellitto, Gwenaël Berthet, Corinna Kloss, and Bernard Legras
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 2745–2764, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2745-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2745-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Using the Community Earth System Model, we simulate the surface aerosols lifted to the Asian tropopause (the ATAL layer), its composition and trend, covering a long-term period (2000–2015). We identify a
double-peakaerosol vertical profile that we attribute to
dryand
convectivecloud-borne aerosols. We find that natural aerosol (mineral dust) is the dominant aerosol type and has no long-term trend. ATAL's anthropogenic fraction, by contrast, shows a marked positive trend.
Cited articles
Abdul-Wahab, S. A., Bakheit, C. S., and Al-Alawi, S. M.: Principal component
and multiple regression analysis in modelling of ground-level ozone and
factors affecting its concentrations, Environ. Modell. Softw., 20,
1263–1271, 2005.
Ackermann, I. J., Hass, H., Memmesheimer, M., Ebel, A., Binkowski, F. S., and
Shankar, U.: Modal aerosol dynamics model for Europe: development and first
applications, Atmos. Environ., 32, 2981–2999, 1998.
Ahmadov, R., McKeen, S. A., Robinson, A. L., Bahreini, R., Middlebrook, A.
M., de Gouw, J. A., Meagher, J., Hsie, E.-Y., Edgerton, E., Shaw, S., and
Trainer, M.: A volatility basis set model for summertime secondary organic
aerosols over the eastern United States in 2006, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.,
117, D06301, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD016831, 2012.
American Lung Association: State of the Air 2012, available at:
http://www.stateoftheair.org/2012/assets/state-of-the-air2012.pdf (last access: 12 March 2018), 2012.
Ashrafi, K., Shafie-Pour, and Kamalan, H.: Estimating Temporal and Seasonal
Variation of Ventilation Coefficients, Int. J. Environ. Res, 3, 637–644,
2009.
Aw, J. and Kleeman, M. J.: Evaluating the first-order effect of intraannual
temperature variability on urban air pollution, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4365, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD002688,
2003.
Boucher, O., Randall, D., Artaxo, P., Bretherton, C., Feingold, G., Forster,
P., Kerminen, V.-M., Kondo, Y., Liao, H., Lohmann, U., Rasch, P., Satheesh,
S. K., Sherwood, S., Stevens, B. and Zhang, X. Y.: Clouds and Aerosols, in:
Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis, in: Contribution of Working
Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change, edited by: Stocker, T. F., Qin, D., Plattner, G.-K., Tignor,
M., Allen, S. K., Boschung, J., Nauels, A., Xia, Y., Bex, V., and Midgley, P.
M., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA, 571–657, 2013.
Burian, S. J. and Shepherd, J. M.: Effect of urbanization on the diurnal
rainfall pattern in Houston, Hydrol. Process., 19, 1089–1103, 2005.
CARB: ARB's Emission Inventory Activities, available at:
https://www.arb.ca.gov/ei/ei.htm, last access: 10 June 2017.
Carnahan, W. H. and Larson, R. C.: An analysis of an urban heat sink, Remote
Sens. Environ., 33, 65–71, 1990.
Carter, W. P. L.: The SAPRC-99 Chemical Mechanism and Updated VOC Reactivity
Scales, available at: http://www.engr.ucr.edu/~carter/reactdat.htm,
2003.
Charlson, R. J., Schewartz, S. E., Hales, J. M., Cess, R. D., Coarley J. A.,
J., Hansen, J. E., and Hofmann, D. J.: Climate Forcing by Anthropogenic
Aerosols, Science, 255, 423–430, 1992.
Chen, F. and Dudhia, J.: Coupling an Advanced Land Surface–Hydrology Model
with the Penn State – NCAR MM5 Modeling System. Part I: Model Implementation
and Sensitivity, Mon. Weather Rev., 129, 569–585, 2001.
Chen, F., Kusaka, H., Bornstein, R., Ching, J., Grimmond, C. S. B.,
Grossman-Clarke, S., Loridan, T., Manning, K. W., Martilli, A., Miao, S.,
Sailor, D., Salamanca, F. P., Taha, H., Tewari, M., Wang, X., Wyszogrodzki,
A. A., and Zhang, C.: The integrated WRF/urban modelling system: development,
evaluation, and applications to urban environmental problems, Int. J.
Climatol., 31, 273–288, 2011.
Chen, L., Zhang, M., Zhu, J., Wang, Y., and Skorokhod, A.: Modeling Impacts
of Urbanization and Urban Heat Island Mitigation on Boundary Layer
Meteorology and Air Quality in Beijing Under Different Weather Conditions, J.
Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 123, 4323–4344, 2018.
Chou, M.-D. and Suarez, M. J.: Technical Report Series on Global Modeling and
Data Assimilation, Volume 15, in: A Solar Radiation Parameterization for
Atmospheric Studies, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA, 1–38, 1999.
Civerolo, K., Hogrefe, C., Lynn, B., Rosenthal, J., Ku, J.-Y., Solecki, W.,
Cox, J., Small, C., Rosenzweig, C., Goldberg, R., Knowlton, K., and Kinney,
P.: Estimating the Effects of Increased Urbanization on Surface Meteorology
and Ozone Concentrations in the New York City Metropolitan Region, Atmos.
Environ., 41, 1803–1818, 2007.
Dyer, A. J. and Hicks, B. B.: Flux-gradient Relationships in the Constant
Flux Layer, Q. J. Meteor. Soc., 96, 715–721, 1970.
Epstein, S. A., Lee, S.-M., Katzenstein, A. S., Carreras-Sospedra, M., Zhang,
X., Farina, S. C., Vahmani, P., Fine, P. M., Ban-Weiss, G.: Air-quality
Implications of Widespread Adoption of Cool Roofs on Ozone and Particulate
Matter in Southern California, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 114, 8991–8996,
2017.
Fallmann, J., Forkel, R., and Emeis, S.: Secondary Effects of Urban Heat
Island Mitigation Measures on Air Quality, Atmos. Environ., 125, 199–211,
2016.
Fan, C., Myint, S., Kaplan, S., Middel, A., Zheng, B., Rahman, A., Huang,
H.-P., Brazel, A., and Blumberg, D. G.: Understanding the Impact of
Urbanization on Surface Urban Heat Islands – A Longitudinal Analysis of the
Oasis Effect in Subtropical Desert Cities, Remote Sens., 9, 672, 2017.
Fry, J., Xian, G. Z., Jin, S., Dewitz, J., Homer, C. G., Yang, L., Barnes, C.
A., Herold, N. D., and Wickham, J. D.: Completion of the 2006 National Land
Cover Database for the Conterminous United States, Photogramm. Eng. Remote
Sens., 77, 858–864, 2011.
Garratt, J. R.: The Atmospheric Boundary Layer, edited by: Houghton, J. T.,
Rycroft, M. J., and Dessler, A. J., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge,
UK, 15–38, 1994.
Georgescu, M., Morefield, P. E., Bierwagen, B. G., and Weaver, C. P.: Urban
Adaptation can Roll Back Warming of Emerging Megapolitan Regions, P. Natl.
Acad. Sci. USA, 111, 2909–2914, 2014.
Grell, G. A. and Dévényi, D.: A Generalized Approach to
Parameterizing Convection Combining Ensemble and Data Assimilation
Techniques, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 38-1–38-4, 2012.
Grell, G. A., Peckham, S. E., Schmitz, R., McKeen, S. A., Frost, G.,
Skamarock, W. C., and Eder, B.: Fully Coupled “Online” Chemistry within the
WRF Model, Atmos. Environ., 39, 6957–6975, 2005.
Grimm, N. B., Faeth, S. H., Golubiewski, N. E., Redman, C. L., Wu, J., Bai,
X., and Briggs, J. M.: Global Change and the Ecology of Cities, Science, 319,
756–760, 2008.
Guenther, A., Karl, T., Harley, P., Wiedinmyer, C., Palmer, P. I., and Geron,
C.: Estimates of global terrestrial isoprene emissions using MEGAN (Model of
Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature), Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6,
3181–3210, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-3181-2006, 2006.
Hardin, A. W. and Vanos, J. K.: The Influence of Surface Type on the Absorbed
Radiation by a Human Under Hot, Dry Conditions, Int. J. Biometeorol., 62,
43–56, 2018.
Hassan, S. K., El–Abssawy, A. A., and Khoder, M. I.: Characteristics of
Gas–Phase Nitric Acid and Ammonium–Nitrate–Sulfate Aerosol, and Their
Gas–Phase Precursors in a Suburban Area in Cairo, Egypt, Atmos. Pollut.
Res., 4, 117–129, 2013.
Hong, S.-Y., Noh, Y., Dudhia, J., Hong, S.-Y., Noh, Y., and Dudhia, J.: A New
Vertical Diffusion Package with an Explicit Treatment of Entrainment
Processes, Mon. Weather Rev., 134, 2318–2341, 2016.
Imhoff, M. L., Zhang, P., Wolfe, R. E., and Bounoua, L.: Remote Sensing of
the Urban Heat Island Effect Across Biomes in the Continental USA, Remote
Sens. Environ., 114, 504–513, 2010.
Jiang, X., Wiedinmyer, C., Chen, F., Yang, Z.-L., and Lo, J. C.-F.: Predicted
Impacts of Climate and Land Use Change on Surface Ozone in the Houston,
Texas, Area, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D20312, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD009820, 2008.
Kalnay, E. and Cai, M.: Impact of Urbanization and Land-Use Change on Climate,
Nature, 423, 528–531, 2003.
Kim, S.-W., Heckel, A., Frost, G. J., Richter, A., Gleason, J., Burrows, J.
P., McKeen, S., Hsie, E.-Y., Granier, C., and Trainer, M.: NO2
Columns in the Western United States Observed from Space and Simulated by a
Regional Chemistry Model and Their Implications for NOx
Emissions, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D11301, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD011343, 2009.
Kusaka, H., Chen, F., Tewari, M., Dudhia, J., Gill, D. O., Duda, M. G., Wang,
W., and Miya, I. Y.: Numerical Simulation of Urban Heat Island Effect by the
WRF Model with 4-km Grid Increment: An Inter-Comparison Study between the
Urban Canopy Model and Slab Model, J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn. Ser. II, 90B,
33–45, 2012.
Kusaka, H., Kondo, H., Kikegawa, Y., and Kimura, F.: A Simple Single-Layer
Urban Canopy Model For Atmospheric Models: Comparison With Multi-Layer And
Slab Models, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 101, 329–358, 2001.
Li, D. and Bou-Zeid, E.: Quality and Sensitivity of High-Resolution Numerical
Simulation of Urban Heat Islands, Environ. Res. Lett., 9, 055001, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/9/5/055001, 2014.
Li, M., Wang, T., Xie, M., Zhuang, B., Li, S., Han, Y., Song, Y., and Cheng,
N.: Improved Meteorology and Ozone Air Quality Simulations Using MODIS Land
Surface Parameters in the Yangtze River Delta Urban Cluster, China, J.
Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 122, 3116–3140, 2017.
Lin, Y.-L., Farley, R. D., Orville, H. D., Lin, Y.-L., Farley, R. D., and
Orville, H. D.: Bulk Parameterization of the Snow Field in a Cloud Model, J.
Clim. Appl. Meteorol., 22, 1065–1092, 1983.
Lippmann, M.: Health Effects of Ozone: A Critical Review, J. Air Waste
Manage., 39, 672–695, 1989.
Madronich, S.: Photodissociation in the Atmosphere: 1. Actinic Flux and the
Effects of Ground Reflections and Clouds, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 9740, https://doi.org/10.1029/JD092iD08p09740, 1987.
Marr, L. C. and Harley, R. A.: Spectral Analysis of Weekday–Weekend
Differences in Ambient Ozone, Nitrogen Oxide, and Non-Methane Hydrocarbon
Time Series in California, Atmos. Environ., 36, 2327–2335, 2002.
Mesinger, F., DiMego, G., Kalnay, E., Mitchell, K., Shafran, P. C.,
Ebisuzaki, W., Jović, D., Woolen, J., Rogers, E., Berbery, E. H., Ek, M.
B., Fan, Y., Grumbine, R., Higgins, W., Li, H., Lin, Y., Manikin, G.,
Parrish, D., and Shi, W.: North American Regional Reanalysis, B. Am. Meteorol.
Soc., 87, 343–360, 2006.
Mlawer, E. J., Taubman, S. J., Brown, P. D., Iacono, M. J., and Clough, S.
A.: Radiative Transfer for Inhomogeneous Atmospheres: RRTM, a Validated
Correlated-k Model for the Longwave, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 102,
16663–16682, 1997.
Oke, T. R.: The Energetic Basis of the Urban Heat Island, Q. J. Roy.
Meteorol. Soc., 108, 1–24, 1982.
Pankow, J. F.: Partitioning of Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds to the
Air/Water Interface, Atmos. Environ., 31, 927–929, 1997.
Paulson, C. A.: The Mathematical Representation of Wind Speed and Temperature
Profiles in the Unstable Atmospheric Surface Layer, J. Appl. Meteorol., 9,
857–861, 1970.
Peng, S., Piao, S., Ciais, P., Friedlingstein, P., Ottle, C., Breón, F.
O.-M., Nan, H., Zhou, L., and Myneni, R. B.: Surface Urban Heat Island Across
419 Global Big Cities, Environ. Sci. Technol., 46, 696–703, 2012.
Pope, C. A. and Dockery, D. W.: Health Effects of Fine Particulate Air
Pollution: Lines that Connect, J. Air Waste Ma., 56, 709–742, 2006.
Qiao, Z., Tian, G., and Xiao, L.: Diurnal and Seasonal Impacts of
Urbanization on the Urban Thermal Environment: A Case Study of Beijing Using
MODIS Data, ISPRS J. Photogramm., 85, 93–101, 2013.
Rao, S. T., Ku, J. Y., Berman, S., Zhang, K., and Mao, H.: Summertime
Characteristics of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer and Relationships to Ozone
Levels over the Eastern United States, Pure Appl. Geophys., 160, 21–55, 2003.
Rizwan, A. M., Dennis, L. Y. C., and Liu, C.: A Review on the Generation,
Determination and Mitigation of Urban Heat Island, J. Environ. Sci., 20,
120–128, 2008.
SCAQMD: Final 2016 Air Quality Management Plan, Appendix III: Base and Future
Year Emission Inventory, available at:
http://www.aqmd.gov/docs/default-source/clean-air-plans/air-quality-management-plans/2016-air-quality-management-plan/final-2016-aqmp/appendix-iii.pdf
(last access: 10 March 2018), 2017.
Seto, K. C., Güneralp, B., and Hutyra, L. R.: Global Forecasts of Urban
Expansion to 2030 and Direct Impacts on Biodiversity and Carbon Pools, P.
Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 109, 16083–16088, 2012.
Steiner, A. L., Davis, A. J., Sillman, S., Owen, R. C., Michalak, A. M., and
Fiore, A. M.: Observed Suppression of Ozone Formation at Extremely High
Temperatures due to Chemical and Biophysical Feedbacks, P. Natl. Acad. Sci.
USA, 107, 19685–19690, 2010.
Stewart, I. D. and Oke, T. R.: Local Climate Zones for Urban Temperature
Studies, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 93, 1879–1900, 2012.
Stockwell, W. R., Kirchner, F., Kuhn, M., and Seefeld, S.: A New Mechanism
for Regional Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 102,
25847–25879, 1997.
Stockwell, W. R., Middleton, P., Chang, J. S., and Tang, X.: The Second
Generation Regional Acid Deposition Model Chemical Mechanism for Regional Air
Quality Modeling, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 16343, https://doi.org/10.1029/JD095iD10p16343, 1990.
Taha, H.: Meteorological, Air-Quality, and Emission-Equivalence Impacts of
Urban Heat Island Control in California, Sustain. Cities Soc., 19, 207–221,
2015.
Tao, W., Liu, J., Ban-Weiss, G. A., Hauglustaine, D. A., Zhang, L., Zhang,
Q., Cheng, Y., Yu, Y., and Tao, S.: Effects of urban land expansion on the
regional meteorology and air quality of eastern China, Atmos. Chem. Phys.,
15, 8597–8614, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-8597-2015, 2015.
Theeuwes, N. E., Steeneveld, G.-J., Ronda, R. J., Rotach, M. W., and
Holtslag, A. A. M.: Cool City Mornings by Urban Heat, Environ. Res. Lett.,
10, 114022, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/10/11/114022, 2015.
US EPA: Profile of the 2011 National Air Emissions Inventory, available at:
https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-08/documents/lite_finalversion_ver10.pdf (last access: 10 March 2018), 2014.
Vahmani, P. and Ban-Weiss, G. A.: Impact of Remotely Sensed Albedo and
Vegetation Fraction on Simulation of Urban Climate in WRF-Urban Canopy Model:
A Case Study of the Urban Heat Island in Los Angeles, J. Geophys.
Res.-Atmos., 121, 1511–1531, 2016a.
Vahmani, P. and Ban-Weiss, G.: Climatic Consequences of Adopting
Drought-Tolerant Vegetation Over Los Angeles as a Response to California
Drought, Geophys. Res. Lett., 43, 8240–8249, 2016b.
Vahmani, P. and Hogue, T. S.: Incorporating an Urban Irrigation Module into
the Noah Land Surface Model Coupled with an Urban Canopy Model, J.
Hydrometeorol., 15, 1440–1456, 2014.
Vahmani, P., Sun, F., Hall, A., and Ban-Weiss, G.: Investigating the Climate
Impacts of Urbanization and the Potential for Cool Roofs to Counter Future
Climate Change in Southern California, Environ. Res. Lett., 11, 124027, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/11/12/124027, 2016.
Wang, K., Jiang, S., Wang, J., Zhou, C., Wang, X., and Lee, X.: Comparing the
Diurnal and Seasonal Variabilities of Atmospheric and Surface Urban Heat
Islands Based on the Beijing Urban Meteorological Network, J. Geophys.
Res.-Atmos., 122, 2131–2154, 2017.
Wesely, M. L.: Parameterization of Surface Resistances to Gaseous Dry
Deposition in Regional-Scale Numerical Models, Atmos. Environ., 23,
1293–1304, 1989.
Wickham, J. D., Stehman, S. V., Gass, L., Dewitz, J., Fry, J. A., and Wade,
T. G.: Accuracy Assessment of NLCD 2006 Land Cover and Impervious Surface,
Remote Sens. Environ., 130, 294–304, 2013.
Xu, M., Chang, C.-P., Fu, C., Qi, Y., Robock, A., Robinson, D., and Zhang,
H.: Steady Decline of East Asian Monsoon Winds, 1969–2000: Evidence from
Direct Ground Measurements of Wind Speed, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D24111, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007337,
2006.
Yang, J., Wang, Z.-H., Chen, F., Miao, S., Tewari, M., Voogt, J. A., and
Myint, S.: Enhancing Hydrologic Modelling in the Coupled Weather Research and
Forecasting–Urban Modelling System, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 155, 87–109,
2015.
Zhang, J., Mohegh, A., Li, Y., Levinson, R., and Ban-Weiss, G.: Systematic Comparison
of the Influence of Cool Wall Versus Cool Roof Adoption on Urban Climate in the Los
Angeles Basin, Environ. Sci. Technol., 52, 11188–11197, 2018a.
Zhang, J., Li, Y., Tao, W., Liu, J., Levinson, R., Mohegh, A., and
Ban-Weiss., G.: Investigating the Urban Air Quality Effects of Cool Walls and
Cool Roofs in Southern California, submitted, Environ. Sci. Technol., 2018b.
Zhang, N., Gao, Z., Wang, X., and Chen, Y.: Modeling the Impact of
Urbanization on the Local and Regional Climate in Yangtze River Delta, China,
Theor. Appl. Climatol., 102, 331–342, 2010.
Zhao, L., Lee, X., Smith, R. B., and Oleson, K.: Strong Contributions of
Local Background Climate to Urban Heat Islands, Nature, 511, 216–219, 2014.
Short summary
In this study, we find that land surface changes via urbanization have caused reductions (increases) in air temperature and ventilation during the day (night) in Southern California. Changes in meteorology have consequently caused (a) increases in PM2.5 during the day, vice versa at night, and (b) increases in O3 for most times of day. These results suggest that all environmental systems should be taken into account when studying the influence of policies that impact the land surface in cities.
In this study, we find that land surface changes via urbanization have caused reductions...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint