Articles | Volume 23, issue 16
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9473-2023
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9473-2023
Research article
 | 
28 Aug 2023
Research article |  | 28 Aug 2023

Trends and seasonal variability in ammonia across major biomes in western and central Africa inferred from long-term series of ground-based and satellite measurements

Money Ossohou, Jonathan Edward Hickman, Lieven Clarisse, Pierre-François Coheur, Martin Van Damme, Marcellin Adon, Véronique Yoboué, Eric Gardrat, Maria Dias Alvès, and Corinne Galy-Lacaux

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Cited articles

Abbadie, L. (Ed.): Lamto: structure, functioning, and dynamics of a savanna ecosystem, Springer Science+Business Media, New York, 415 pp., ISBN 9780387948447, 2006. 
Addinsoft: XLSTAT statistical and data analysis solution, Addinsoft, Paris, France, https://www.xlstat.com/fr (last access: 2 June 2023), 2022. 
Adon, M., Galy-Lacaux, C., Yoboué, V., Delon, C., Lacaux, J. P., Castera, P., Gardrat, E., Pienaar, J., Al Ourabi, H., Laouali, D., Diop, B., Sigha-Nkamdjou, L., Akpo, A., Tathy, J. P., Lavenu, F., and Mougin, E.: Long term measurements of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, ammonia, nitric acid and ozone in Africa using passive samplers, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 7467–7487, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-7467-2010, 2010. 
Adon, M., Galy-Lacaux, C., Delon, C., Yoboue, V., Solmon, F., and Kaptue Tchuente, A. T.: Dry deposition of nitrogen compounds (NO2, HNO3, NH3), sulfur dioxide and ozone in west and central African ecosystems using the inferential method, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 11351–11374, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-11351-2013, 2013. 
Akpo, A. B., Galy-Lacaux, C., Laouali, D., Delon, C., Liousse, C., Adon, M., Gardrat, E., Mariscal, A., and Darakpa, C.: Precipitation chemistry and wet deposition in a remote wet savanna site in West Africa: Djougou (Benin), Atmos. Environ., 115, 110–123, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.04.064, 2015. 
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Short summary
The updated analyses of ground-based concentrations and satellite total vertical columns of atmospheric ammonia help us to better understand 21st century ammonia dynamics in sub-Saharan Africa. We conclude that the drivers of trends are agriculture in the dry savanna of Katibougou, Mali; air temperature and agriculture in the wet savanna of Djougou, Benin, and Lamto, Côte d'Ivoire; and leaf area index, air temperature, residential, and agriculture in forests of Bomassa, Republic of Congo.
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