Articles | Volume 22, issue 9
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6067-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6067-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
09 May 2022
Research article |
| 09 May 2022
| 09 May 2022
Zonal variations in the vertical distribution of atmospheric aerosols over the Indian region and the consequent radiative effects
Nair K. Kala
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Centre for Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Indian Institute of
Science, Bengaluru, India
Divecha Centre for Climate Change, Indian Institute of Science,
Bengaluru, India
Narayana Sarma Anand
Divecha Centre for Climate Change, Indian Institute of Science,
Bengaluru, India
Mohanan R. Manoj
Divecha Centre for Climate Change, Indian Institute of Science,
Bengaluru, India
Harshavardhana S. Pathak
Divecha Centre for Climate Change, Indian Institute of Science,
Bengaluru, India
Krishnaswamy K. Moorthy
Divecha Centre for Climate Change, Indian Institute of Science,
Bengaluru, India
Sreedharan K. Satheesh
Centre for Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Indian Institute of
Science, Bengaluru, India
Divecha Centre for Climate Change, Indian Institute of Science,
Bengaluru, India
DST – Centre of Excellence in Climate Change, Indian Institute of
Science, Bengaluru, India
Related authors
Nair Krishnan Kala, Narayana Sarma Anand, Mohanan R. Manoj, Srinivasan Prasanth, Harshavardhana S. Pathak, Thara Prabhakaran, Pramod D. Safai, Krishnaswamy K. Moorthy, and Sreedharan K. Satheesh
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 12801–12819, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12801-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12801-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We present a 3D data set of aerosol black carbon over the Indian mainland by assimilating data from surface, aircraft, and balloon measurements, along with multi-satellite observations. Radiative transfer computations using height-resolved aerosol absorption show higher warming in the free troposphere and will have large implications for atmospheric stability. This data set will help reduce the uncertainty in aerosol radiative effects in climate model simulations over the Indian region.
Krishnakant Budhavant, Mohanan Remani Manoj, Hari Ram Chandrika Rajendran Nair, Samuel Mwaniki Gaita, Henry Holmstrand, Abdus Salam, Ahmed Muslim, Sreedharan Krishnakumari Satheesh, and Örjan Gustafsson
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 11911–11925, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11911-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11911-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The South Asian Pollution Experiment 2018 used access to three strategically located receptor observatories. Observational constraints revealed opposing trends in the mass absorption cross sections of black carbon (BC MAC) and brown carbon (BrC MAC) during long-range transport. Models estimating the climate effects of BC aerosols may have underestimated the ambient BC MAC over distant receptor areas, leading to discrepancies in aerosol absorption predicted by observation-constrained models.
Srinivasan Prasanth, Narayana Sarma Anand, Kudilil Sunilkumar, Subin Jose, Kenath Arun, Sreedharan K. Satheesh, and Krishnaswamy K. Moorthy
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1849, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1849, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We study the impact of the 2019/2020 Australian bushfires on stratospheric chemistry and polar stratospheric cloud (PSC) dynamics. During Austral winter 2020, 82% of liquid nitric acid trihydrate (LNAT) PSC nucleated on bushfire aerosols, and 77% of ice PSC formed on these LNAT. This rapid conversion mechanism of LNAT to ice resulted in high anomalous ice PSC. This study sheds light on interactions between bushfire aerosols, and PSC microphysics which has significant global climate implications.
Nair Krishnan Kala, Narayana Sarma Anand, Mohanan R. Manoj, Srinivasan Prasanth, Harshavardhana S. Pathak, Thara Prabhakaran, Pramod D. Safai, Krishnaswamy K. Moorthy, and Sreedharan K. Satheesh
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 12801–12819, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12801-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12801-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We present a 3D data set of aerosol black carbon over the Indian mainland by assimilating data from surface, aircraft, and balloon measurements, along with multi-satellite observations. Radiative transfer computations using height-resolved aerosol absorption show higher warming in the free troposphere and will have large implications for atmospheric stability. This data set will help reduce the uncertainty in aerosol radiative effects in climate model simulations over the Indian region.
Archana Devi and Sreedharan K. Satheesh
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 5365–5376, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5365-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5365-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Global maps of aerosol absorption were generated using a multi-satellite retrieval algorithm. The retrieved values were validated with available aircraft-based measurements and compared with other global datasets. Seasonal and spatial distributions of aerosol absorption over various regions are also presented. The global maps of single scattering albedo with improved accuracy provide important input to climate models for assessing the climatic impact of aerosols on regional and global scales.
Priyanka Banerjee, Sreedharan Krishnakumari Satheesh, and Krishnaswamy Krishna Moorthy
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 17665–17685, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17665-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17665-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We show that the Atlantic Ocean is the major driver of interannual variability in dust over South Asia since the second decade of the 21st century. This is a shift from the previously important role played by the Pacific Ocean in controlling dust over this region. Following the end of the recent global warming hiatus, anomalies of the North Atlantic sea surface temperature have remotely invoked a weakening of the South Asian monsoon and a strengthening of the dust-bearing northwesterlies.
S. Arora, A. V. Kulkarni, P. Ghosh, and S. K. Satheesh
Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLIII-B3-2021, 431–436, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLIII-B3-2021-431-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLIII-B3-2021-431-2021, 2021
Sobhan Kumar Kompalli, Surendran Nair Suresh Babu, Krishnaswamy Krishna Moorthy, Sreedharan Krishnakumari Satheesh, Mukunda Madhab Gogoi, Vijayakumar S. Nair, Venugopalan Nair Jayachandran, Dantong Liu, Michael J. Flynn, and Hugh Coe
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 9173–9199, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-9173-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-9173-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The first observations of refractory black carbon aerosol size distributions and mixing state in South Asian outflow to the northern Indian Ocean were carried out as a part of the ICARB-2018 experiment during winter. Size distributions indicated mixed sources of BC particles in the outflow, which are thickly coated. The coating thickness of BC is controlled mainly by the availability of condensable species in the outflow.
Mohanan R. Manoj, Sreedharan K. Satheesh, Krishnaswamy K. Moorthy, Jamie Trembath, and Hugh Coe
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 8979–8997, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8979-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8979-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Vertical distributions of atmospheric aerosols across the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) and their ability to form clouds have been studied based on airborne measurements during the SWAAMI field campaign. The ability of the aerosols to act as cloud-forming nuclei exhibited large spatial variation across the IGP and strong seasonality with increase in this ability with increase in altitude prior to the onset of monsoon and decrease with increase in altitude during the active phase of the monsoon.
Harshavardhana Sunil Pathak, Sreedharan Krishnakumari Satheesh, Krishnaswamy Krishna Moorthy, and Ravi Shankar Nanjundiah
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 14237–14252, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-14237-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-14237-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We have estimated the aerosol radiative forcing (ARF) by employing the assimilated, gridded aerosol datasets over the Indian region. The present ARF estimates are more accurate and certain than those estimated using the currently available, latest satellite-retrieved aerosol products. Therefore, the present ARF estimates and corresponding assimilated aerosol products emerge as potential candidates for improving the aerosol climate impact assessment at regional, subregional and seasonal scales.
Mukunda Madhab Gogoi, Venugopalan Nair Jayachandran, Aditya Vaishya, Surendran Nair Suresh Babu, Sreedharan Krishnakumari Satheesh, and Krishnaswamy Krishna Moorthy
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 8593–8610, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-8593-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-8593-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Extensive airborne measurements of aerosol number–size distribution and black carbon (BC) profiles are carried out for the first time across the IGP prior to the onset of the Indian summer monsoon. These measurements, combined with spaceborne sensors and model results, provided an east–west transect of the role of mineral dust (local and transported) in the aerosol loading across the IGP, with an increase in coarse mode concentration and coarse mode mass fraction with altitude.
Sobhan Kumar Kompalli, Surendran Nair Suresh Babu, Sreedharan Krishnakumari Satheesh, Krishnaswamy Krishna Moorthy, Trupti Das, Ramasamy Boopathy, Dantong Liu, Eoghan Darbyshire, James D. Allan, James Brooks, Michael J. Flynn, and Hugh Coe
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 3965–3985, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-3965-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-3965-2020, 2020
Mohanan R. Manoj, Sreedharan K. Satheesh, Krishnaswamy K. Moorthy, and Hugh Coe
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 4031–4046, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-4031-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-4031-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The study reports the observation of highly absorbing aerosol layers at high altitudes (1–2.5 km) prior to monsoon and during its development over the Indian region and quantifies its climate impacts. The absorption of solar radiation in these layers perturbs the onset of monsoon through the impact on the atmospheric stability. When height-resolved values of single scattering albedo (SSA) are used in a radiative transfer model, a maximum heating ~1 K d (~twice that using SSA) is obtained.
Venugopalan Nair Jayachandran, Surendran Nair Suresh Babu, Aditya Vaishya, Mukunda M. Gogoi, Vijayakumar S. Nair, Sreedharan Krishnakumari Satheesh, and Krishnaswamy Krishna Moorthy
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 561–576, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-561-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-561-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Concurrent measurements of the altitude profiles of the concentration of cloud condensation nuclei (CCNs), as a function of supersaturation (ranging from 0.2 % to 1.0 %), and aerosol optical properties were carried out aboard an instrumented aircraft across the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) just prior to the onset of the 2016 Indian summer monsoon (ISM). A high CCN concentration is observed up to 2.5 km across the IGP, indicating the significant possibility of aerosol indirect effects.
Harshavardhana Sunil Pathak, Sreedharan Krishnakumari Satheesh, Ravi Shankar Nanjundiah, Krishnaswamy Krishna Moorthy, Sivaramakrishnan Lakshmivarahan, and Surendran Nair Suresh Babu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 11865–11886, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-11865-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-11865-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We have developed quality-enhanced, gridded datasets for aerosol optical depth (AOD) and absorption AOD by assimilating highly accurate measurements from the dense network of ground-based stations, with respective satellite-retrieved datasets. The assimilated datasets demonstrate improved accuracy and reduced uncertainties as compared to respective satellite products. Thus, these assimilated products emerge as important tools to improve the accuracy of climate impact assessment of aerosols.
Kadiri Saikranthi, Basivi Radhakrishna, Thota Narayana Rao, and Sreedharan Krishnakumari Satheesh
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 10423–10432, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-10423-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-10423-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Recent studies have shown that simulation of monsoons can be improved with an exact representation of SST–precipitation relationship. The vertical structure of precipitation with SST is distinctly different over the Arabian Sea than over the Bay of Bengal. The reflectivity profiles show variation with SST over the Arabian Sea and do not show considerable variation with SST over the Bay of Bengal. The variations in reflectivity profiles seem to originate at the cloud formation stage itself.
Gaurav Govardhan, Sreedharan Krishnakumari Satheesh, Krishnaswamy Krishna Moorthy, and Ravi Nanjundiah
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 8229–8241, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-8229-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-8229-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We show substantial improvements in the near-surface BC mass concentrations simulated by a regional chemistry transport model, WRF-Chem, over the Indian region, upon scaling up the CMIP5 equivalent anthropogenic BC emissions by 3 and introducing a diurnal variation to those. The diurnality in emissions alone significantly controls the simulated near-surface BC mass concentration, with a mean delay of 3–4 h. The simulated AOD, however, is still underestimated.
James Brooks, James D. Allan, Paul I. Williams, Dantong Liu, Cathryn Fox, Jim Haywood, Justin M. Langridge, Ellie J. Highwood, Sobhan K. Kompalli, Debbie O'Sullivan, Suresh S. Babu, Sreedharan K. Satheesh, Andrew G. Turner, and Hugh Coe
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 5615–5634, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-5615-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-5615-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Our study, for the first time, presents measurements of aerosol chemical composition and physical characteristics across northern India in the pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons of 2016 using the FAAM BAe-146 UK research aircraft. Across northern India, an elevated aerosol layer dominated by sulfate aerosol exists that diminishes with monsoon arrival. The Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) boundary layer is dominated by organics, whereas outside the IGP sulfate dominates with increased scattering aerosol.
Kruthika Eswaran, Sreedharan Krishnakumari Satheesh, and Jayaraman Srinivasan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 3307–3324, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-3307-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-3307-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Multiple satellite retrieval algorithms are used to counter problems, such as cloud contamination, faced by sensors with large pixel sizes. This work uses one such algorithm to retrieve a parameter (single scattering albedo) over the oceans. It was found that the joint algorithm performed better than the original when aerosols were present near the surface. Discrepancy between the measurements was seen when elevated aerosols were present which might not have been detected by cruise instruments.
Aditya Vaishya, Surendran Nair Suresh Babu, Venugopalan Jayachandran, Mukunda M. Gogoi, Naduparambil Bharathan Lakshmi, Krishnaswamy Krishna Moorthy, and Sreedharan Krishnakumari Satheesh
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 17669–17685, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-17669-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-17669-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Aircraft-based measurements of vertical profiles of aerosol properties, across the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP), prior to onset of the Indian summer monsoon reveal a highly absorbing aerosol system over the IGP. Aerosols over the west IGP are mostly natural, larger in size and scatter light efficiently. Those over the central and eastern IGP are mostly anthropogenic in origin, smaller in size and absorb more light. Elevated absorbing aerosol layers may modulate regional precipitation patterns.
Chandrika Rajendran Hariram, Gaurav Govardhan, Mohanan Remani Manoj, Narayana Sarma Anand, Karuppiah Kannan, Sreedharan Krishnakumari Satheesh, and Krishnaswamy Krishna Moorthy
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2018-745, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2018-745, 2018
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
The knowledge on the realistic state of mixing of aerosols is inevitable for climate studies. Our paper unravels the existing uncertainties regarding the morphology and mixing state of aerosols, hitherto unexplained. To the best of our knowledge, this is a first-of-its kind study over the Indian region, coupling realistic aerosol observations, advanced spectroscopic, microscopic and image processing techniques on atmospheric aerosols at single particle resolution.
Gaurav Govardhan, Sreedharan Krishnakumari Satheesh, Ravi Nanjundiah, Krishnaswamy Krishna Moorthy, and Surendran Suresh Babu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 9623–9644, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-9623-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-9623-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Using a model, we show that black carbon emissions from aircraft are most likely responsible for the observed high-altitude BC layers over the Indian region. Our analysis of model simulations and CALIPSO data shows that such aircraft-emitted BC layers can be vertically transported into the UTLS region upon their interaction with the underlying strong monsoonal convection. Such lifted BC layers, which intrude into the stratosphere, can potentially harm the stratospheric ozone layer.
R. Kumar, M. C. Barth, V. S. Nair, G. G. Pfister, S. Suresh Babu, S. K. Satheesh, K. Krishna Moorthy, G. R. Carmichael, Z. Lu, and D. G. Streets
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 5415–5428, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-5415-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-5415-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
We examine differences in the surface BC between the Bay of Bengal (BoB) and the Arabian Sea (AS) and identify dominant sources of BC in South Asia during ICARB. Anthropogenic emissions were the main source of BC during ICARB and had about 5 times stronger influence on the BoB compared to the AS. Regional-scale transport contributes up to 25% of BC mass concentrations in western and eastern India, suggesting that surface BC mass concentrations cannot be linked directly to the local emissions.
Related subject area
Subject: Aerosols | Research Activity: Remote Sensing | Altitude Range: Troposphere | Science Focus: Physics (physical properties and processes)
Invisible aerosol layers: improved lidar detection capabilities by means of laser-induced aerosol fluorescence
Characterization of aerosol optical depth (AOD) anomalies in September and October 2022 over Skukuza in South Africa
Technical note: Evolution of convective boundary layer height estimated by Ka-band continuous millimeter wave radar at Wuhan in central China
Fluorescence properties of long-range-transported smoke: insights from five-channel lidar observations over Moscow during the 2023 wildfire season
Lidar estimates of birch pollen number, mass, and CCN-related concentrations
Distinct effects of fine and coarse aerosols on microphysical processes of shallow-precipitation systems in summer over southern China
Increased number concentrations of small particles explain perceived stagnation in air quality over Korea
Remote-sensing detectability of airborne Arctic dust
Fluorescence spectra of atmospheric aerosols
The role of refractive indices in measuring mineral dust with high-spectral-resolution infrared satellite sounders: application to the Gobi Desert
Retrieval of microphysical properties of dust aerosols from extinction, backscattering and depolarization lidar measurements using various particle scattering models
Influence of covariance of aerosol and meteorology on co-located precipitating and non-precipitating clouds over the Indo-Gangetic Plain
Light-absorbing black carbon and brown carbon components of smoke aerosol from DSCOVR EPIC measurements over North America and central Africa
Observational Constraints Suggest a Smaller Effective Radiative Forcing from Aerosol-Cloud Interactions
The emission, transport, and impacts of the extreme Saharan dust storm of 2015
California wildfire smoke contributes to a positive atmospheric temperature anomaly over the western United States
Dust storms from the Taklamakan Desert significantly darken snow surface on surrounding mountains
Opposite effects of aerosols and meteorological parameters on warm clouds in two contrasting regions over eastern China
Effect of wind speed on marine aerosol optical properties over remote oceans with use of spaceborne lidar observations
Assessment of smoke plume height products derived from multisource satellite observations using lidar-derived height metrics for wildfires in the western US
A remote sensing algorithm for vertically resolved cloud condensation nuclei number concentrations from airborne and spaceborne lidar observations
Opinion: Aerosol remote sensing over the next 20 years
Monitoring biomass burning aerosol transport using CALIOP observations and reanalysis models: a Canadian wildfire event in 2019
Thermal infrared observations of a western United States biomass burning aerosol plume
A new look into the impacts of dust radiative effects on the energetics of tropical easterly waves
Wind-driven emissions of coarse-mode particles in an urban environment
Measurement report: Dust and anthropogenic aerosols' vertical distributions over northern China dense aerosols gathered at the top of the mixing layer
Climatological assessment of the vertically resolved optical and microphysical aerosol properties by lidar measurements, sun photometer, and in situ observations over 17 years at Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC) Barcelona
Aerosol optical depth climatology from the high-resolution MAIAC product over Europe: differences between major European cities and their surrounding environments
Impact of assimilating NOAA VIIRS aerosol optical depth (AOD) observations on global AOD analysis from the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS)
Spectral dependence of birch and pine pollen optical properties using a synergy of lidar instruments
Validation activities of Aeolus wind products on the southeastern Iberian Peninsula
Thermal infrared dust optical depth and coarse-mode effective diameter over oceans retrieved from collocated MODIS and CALIOP observations
A comprehensive reappraisal of long-term aerosol characteristics, trends, and variability in Asia
Satellite (GOSAT-2 CAI-2) retrieval and surface (ARFINET) observations of aerosol black carbon over India
Spatiotemporal variation characteristics of global fires and their emissions
The (mis)identification of high-latitude dust events using remote sensing methods in the Yukon, Canada: a sub-daily variability analysis
Comparison of dust optical depth from multi-sensor products and MONARCH (Multiscale Online Non-hydrostatic AtmospheRe CHemistry) dust reanalysis over North Africa, the Middle East, and Europe
Understanding day–night differences in dust aerosols over the dust belt of North Africa, the Middle East, and Asia
Satellite observations of smoke–cloud–radiation interactions over the Amazon rainforest
Single-scattering properties of ellipsoidal dust aerosols constrained by measured dust shape distributions
Validation of the TROPOMI/S5P aerosol layer height using EARLINET lidars
Vertical characterization of fine and coarse dust particles during an intense Saharan dust outbreak over the Iberian Peninsula in springtime 2021
Aerosol optical depth regime over megacities of the world
South American 2020 regional smoke plume: intercomparison with previous years, impact on solar radiation, and the role of Pantanal biomass burning season
Circular polarization in atmospheric aerosols
Spatiotemporal continuous estimates of daily 1 km PM2.5 from 2000 to present under the Tracking Air Pollution in China (TAP) framework
Robust evidence for reversal of the trend in aerosol effective climate forcing
Simultaneous retrievals of biomass burning aerosols and trace gases from the ultraviolet to near-infrared over northern Thailand during the 2019 pre-monsoon season
A decadal assessment of the climatology of aerosol and cloud properties over South Africa
Benedikt Gast, Cristofer Jimenez, Albert Ansmann, Moritz Haarig, Ronny Engelmann, Felix Fritzsch, Athena A. Floutsi, Hannes Griesche, Kevin Ohneiser, Julian Hofer, Martin Radenz, Holger Baars, Patric Seifert, and Ulla Wandinger
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 3995–4011, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3995-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3995-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we discuss the enhanced detection capabilities of a fluorescence lidar in the case of optically thin aerosol layers in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) region. Our results suggest that such thin aerosol layers are not so rare in the UTLS and can potentially trigger and impact cirrus cloud formation through heterogeneous ice nucleation. By altering the microphysical cloud properties, this could affect clouds' evolution and lifetime and thus their climate effect.
Marion Ranaivombola, Nelson Bègue, Lucas Vaz Peres, Farahnaz Fazel-Rastgar, Venkataraman Sivakumar, Gisèle Krysztofiak, Gwenaël Berthet, Fabrice Jegou, Stuart Piketh, and Hassan Bencherif
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 3519–3540, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3519-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3519-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
From September to October 2022, the Biomass Burning Aerosol Campaign (BiBAC) in Kruger National Park revealed a significant aerosol loading linked to biomass burning activity, with southeastward transport over southern Africa and the southwestern Indian Ocean (SWIO) basin. The study revealed a predominance of biomass burning aerosols and two distinct transport mechanisms of aerosol plumes and CO, underscoring the importance of east-coast observations in understanding atmospheric dynamics.
Zirui Zhang, Kaiming Huang, Fan Yi, Wei Cheng, Fuchao Liu, Jian Zhang, and Yue Jia
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 3347–3361, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3347-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3347-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The height of the convective boundary layer (CBLH) is related to our health due to its crucial role in pollutant dispersion. The variance of vertical velocity from millimeter wave cloud radar (MMCR) can accurately capture the diurnal evolution of the CBLH, due to a small blind range and less impact by the residual layer. The CBLH is affected by radiation, humidity, cloud, and precipitation; thus, the MMCR is suitable for monitoring the CBLH, owing to its observation capability in various weather conditions.
Igor Veselovskii, Mikhail Korenskiy, Nikita Kasianik, Boris Barchunov, Qiaoyun Hu, Philippe Goloub, and Thierry Podvin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 1603–1615, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1603-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1603-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
A fluorescence lidar was used to study transported Canadian smoke in May–September 2023. The fluorescence measurements were taken at five wavelengths. The results revealed that fluorescence capacity increases with altitude, suggesting a higher concentration of organic compounds in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere than in the lower troposphere. The fluorescence spectra peaked in the 513 and 560 nm channels in smoke layers but decreased with wavelength in urban aerosols.
Maria Filioglou, Petri Tiitta, Xiaoxia Shang, Ari Leskinen, Pasi Ahola, Sanna Pätsi, Annika Saarto, Ville Vakkari, Uula Isopahkala, and Mika Komppula
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 1639–1657, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1639-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1639-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Every year a vast number of people experience allergic reactions due to exposure to airborne pollen. These symptoms are concentration dependent; thus accurate information about the pollen load in the atmosphere is essential. Moreover, pollen grains and fragments of it are likely to contribute to cloud processes and suppress precipitation. Here, we estimate the concentration and cloud-relevant parameters of birch pollen in the atmosphere using observations from a PollyXT and a CL61 ceilometer.
Fengjiao Chen, Yuanjian Yang, Lu Yu, Yang Li, Weiguang Liu, Yan Liu, and Simone Lolli
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 1587–1601, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1587-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1587-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The microphysical mechanisms of precipitation responsible for the varied impacts of aerosol particles on shallow precipitation remain unclear. This study reveals that coarse aerosol particles invigorate shallow rainfall through enhanced coalescence processes, whereas fine aerosol particles suppress shallow rainfall through intensified microphysical breaks. These impacts are independent of thermodynamic environments but are more significant in low-humidity conditions.
Sohee Joo, Juseon Shin, Matthias Tesche, Naghmeh Dehkhoda, Taegyeong Kim, and Youngmin Noh
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 1023–1036, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1023-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1023-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
In our study, we investigated why, in northeast Asia, visibility has not improved even though air pollution levels have decreased. By examining trends in Seoul and Ulsan, we found that the particles in the air are getting smaller, which scatters light more effectively and reduces how far we can see. Our findings suggest that changes in particle properties adversely affected public perception of air quality improvement even though the PM2.5 mass concentration is continuously decreasing.
Norman T. O'Neill, Keyvan Ranjbar, Liviu Ivănescu, Yann Blanchard, Seyed Ali Sayedain, and Yasmin AboEl-Fetouh
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 27–44, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-27-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-27-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Dust from mid-latitude deserts or from local drainage basins is a weak component of atmospheric aerosols in the Arctic. Satellite-based dust estimates are often overestimated because dust and cloud measurements can be confused. Illustrations are given with an emphasis on the flawed claim that a classic indicator of dust (negative brightness temperature differences) is proof of the presence of airborne Arctic dust. Low-altitude warm-water plumes are the likely source of such negative values.
Jens Reichardt, Felix Lauermann, and Oliver Behrendt
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3928, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3928, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Optical remote sensing systems, so-called lidars, are used to learn more about aerosols, which play an important role in atmospheric processes. The present study demonstrates that lidars, which measure the backscattering behavior of aerosols over the entire visible wavelength range, can increase our knowledge of the spatial and temporal occurrence of aerosol layers, the type of aerosol and their interaction with clouds. The focus of the publication is on wildfire aerosol and Saharan dust.
Perla Alalam, Fabrice Ducos, and Hervé Herbin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 12277–12294, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12277-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12277-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study dives into the impact of mineral dust laboratory complex refractive indices (CRIs) on quantifying the dust microphysical properties using satellite infrared remote sensing. Results show that using CRIs obtained by advanced realistic techniques can improve the accuracy of these measurements, emphasizing the importance of choosing the suitable CRI in atmospheric models. This improvement is crucial for better predicting the dust radiative effect and impact on the climate.
Yuyang Chang, Qiaoyun Hu, Philippe Goloub, Thierry Podvin, Igor Veselovskii, Fabrice Ducos, Gaël Dubois, Masanori Saito, Anton Lopatin, Oleg Dubovik, and Cheng Chen
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2655, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2655, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our study retrieved dust aerosol microphysical properties from lidar measurements using different scattering models. Numeric simulations and real data applications revealed the importance of considering depolarization measurements and particle non-sphericity to improve retrieval accuracy. Contrasts of the non-spherical scattering models in simulating particle backscattering properties, particularly the depolarization ratio, enlarge the difference of retrievals derived using these models.
Nabia Gulistan, Khan Alam, and Yangang Liu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 11333–11349, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11333-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11333-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study looks at the influence of aerosol and meteorology on precipitating and non-precipitating clouds over the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP). A major finding of this study was that the high loading of aerosols led to a high occurrence of precipitating clouds under unstable conditions in summer. The study has the potential to open a new avenue for the scientific community to further explore and understand the complications of aerosol–cloud–precipitation over the complex topography of the IGP.
Myungje Choi, Alexei Lyapustin, Gregory L. Schuster, Sujung Go, Yujie Wang, Sergey Korkin, Ralph Kahn, Jeffrey S. Reid, Edward J. Hyer, Thomas F. Eck, Mian Chin, David J. Diner, Olga Kalashnikova, Oleg Dubovik, Jhoon Kim, and Hans Moosmüller
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 10543–10565, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10543-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10543-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper introduces a retrieval algorithm to estimate two key absorbing components in smoke (black carbon and brown carbon) using DSCOVR EPIC measurements. Our analysis reveals distinct smoke properties, including spectral absorption, layer height, and black carbon and brown carbon, over North America and central Africa. The retrieved smoke properties offer valuable observational constraints for modeling radiative forcing and informing health-related studies.
Chanyoung Park, Brian J. Soden, Ryan J. Kramer, Tristan S. L’Ecuyer, and Haozhe He
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2547, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2547, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study addresses the challenge of quantifying the impact of aerosol-cloud interactions. By analyzing satellite data and reanalysis, we examine cloud responses to aerosols by incorporating aerosol-to-cloud droplet activation rates. Our "perfect-model" validation reveals a smaller, less uncertain impact of aerosol-cloud interactions than previously estimated. This breakthrough suggests a reduced role of aerosol-cloud interactions in determining climate sensitivity.
Brian Harr, Bing Pu, and Qinjian Jin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8625–8651, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8625-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8625-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We found that the formation of the extreme trans-Atlantic African dust event in June 2015 was associated with a brief surge in dust emissions over western North Africa and extreme circulation patterns, including intensified easterly jets, which facilitated the westward transport of dust. The dust plume modified radiative flux along its transport pathway but had minor impacts on air quality in the US due to the record-high Caribbean low-level jet advecting part of the plume to the Pacific.
James L. Gomez, Robert J. Allen, and King-Fai Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 6937–6963, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6937-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6937-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Wildfires in California (CA) have grown very large during the past 20 years. These fires emit sunlight-absorbing aerosols. Analyzing observational data, our study finds that aerosols emitted from large fires in northern CA spread throughout CA and Nevada and heat the atmosphere. This heating is consistent with larger-than-normal temperatures and dry conditions. Further study is needed to determine how much the aerosols heat the atmosphere and whether they are drying the atmosphere as well.
Yuxuan Xing, Yang Chen, Shirui Yan, Xiaoyi Cao, Yong Zhou, Xueying Zhang, Tenglong Shi, Xiaoying Niu, Dongyou Wu, Jiecan Cui, Yue Zhou, Xin Wang, and Wei Pu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 5199–5219, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5199-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5199-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigated the impact of dust storms from the Taklamakan Desert on surrounding high mountains and regional radiation balance. Using satellite data and simulations, researchers found that dust storms significantly darken the snow surface in the Tien Shan, Kunlun, and Qilian mountains, reaching mountains up to 1000 km away. This darkening occurs not only in spring but also during summer and autumn, leading to increased absorption of solar radiation.
Yuqin Liu, Tao Lin, Jiahua Zhang, Fu Wang, Yiyi Huang, Xian Wu, Hong Ye, Guoqin Zhang, Xin Cao, and Gerrit de Leeuw
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 4651–4673, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4651-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4651-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A new method, the geographical detector method (GDM), has been applied to satellite data, in addition to commonly used statistical methods, to study the sensitivity of cloud properties to aerosol over China. Different constraints for aerosol and cloud liquid water path apply over polluted and clean areas. The GDM shows that cloud parameters are more sensitive to combinations of parameters than to individual parameters, but confounding effects due to co-variation of parameters cannot be excluded.
Kangwen Sun, Guangyao Dai, Songhua Wu, Oliver Reitebuch, Holger Baars, Jiqiao Liu, and Suping Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 4389–4409, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4389-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4389-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper investigates the correlation between marine aerosol optical properties and wind speeds over remote oceans using the spaceborne lidars ALADIN and CALIOP. Three remote ocean areas are selected. Pure marine aerosol optical properties at 355 nm are derived from ALADIN. The relationships between marine aerosol optical properties and wind speeds are analyzed within and above the marine atmospheric boundary layer, revealing the effect of wind speed on marine aerosols over remote oceans.
Jingting Huang, S. Marcela Loría-Salazar, Min Deng, Jaehwa Lee, and Heather A. Holmes
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3673–3698, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3673-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3673-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Increased wildfire intensity has resulted in taller wildfire smoke plumes. We investigate the vertical structure of wildfire smoke plumes using aircraft lidar data and establish two effective smoke plume height metrics. Four novel satellite-based plume height products are evaluated for wildfires in the western US. Our results provide guidance on the strengths and limitations of these satellite products and set the stage for improved plume rise estimates by leveraging satellite products.
Piyushkumar N. Patel, Jonathan H. Jiang, Ritesh Gautam, Harish Gadhavi, Olga Kalashnikova, Michael J. Garay, Lan Gao, Feng Xu, and Ali Omar
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2861–2883, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2861-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2861-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Global measurements of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) are essential for understanding aerosol–cloud interactions and predicting climate change. To address this gap, we introduced a remote sensing algorithm that retrieves vertically resolved CCN number concentrations from airborne and spaceborne lidar systems. This innovation offers a global distribution of CCN concentrations from space, facilitating model evaluation and precise quantification of aerosol climate forcing.
Lorraine A. Remer, Robert C. Levy, and J. Vanderlei Martins
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2113–2127, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2113-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2113-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosols are small liquid or solid particles suspended in the atmosphere, including smoke, particulate pollution, dust, and sea salt. Today, we rely on satellites viewing Earth's atmosphere to learn about these particles. Here, we speculate on the future to imagine how satellite viewing of aerosols will change. We expect more public and private satellites with greater capabilities, better ways to infer information from satellites, and merging of data with models.
Xiaoxia Shang, Antti Lipponen, Maria Filioglou, Anu-Maija Sundström, Mark Parrington, Virginie Buchard, Anton S. Darmenov, Ellsworth J. Welton, Eleni Marinou, Vassilis Amiridis, Michael Sicard, Alejandro Rodríguez-Gómez, Mika Komppula, and Tero Mielonen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1329–1344, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1329-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1329-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In June 2019, smoke particles from a Canadian wildfire event were transported to Europe. The long-range-transported smoke plumes were monitored with a spaceborne lidar and reanalysis models. Based on the aerosol mass concentrations estimated from the observations, the reanalysis models had difficulties in reproducing the amount and location of the smoke aerosols during the transport event. Consequently, more spaceborne lidar missions are needed for reliable monitoring of aerosol plumes.
Blake T. Sorenson, Jeffrey S. Reid, Jianglong Zhang, Robert E. Holz, William L. Smith Sr., and Amanda Gumber
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1231–1248, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1231-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1231-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Smoke particles are typically submicron in size and assumed to have negligible impacts at the thermal infrared spectrum. However, we show that infrared signatures can be observed over dense smoke plumes from satellites. We found that giant particles are unlikely to be the dominant cause. Rather, co-transported water vapor injected to the middle to upper troposphere and surface cooling beneath the plume due to shadowing are significant, with the surface cooling effect being the most dominant.
Farnaz Hosseinpour and Eric M. Wilcox
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 707–724, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-707-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-707-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study shows mechanistic relationships between the radiative effect of dust aerosols in the Saharan air layer and the kinetic energy of the African easterly waves across the tropical Atlantic Ocean using 22 years of daily satellite observations and reanalysis data based on satellite assimilation. Our findings suggest that dust aerosols not merely are transported by these waves but also contribute to the growth of waves through the enhancement of diabatic heating induced by dust.
Markus D. Petters, Tyas Pujiastuti, Ajmal Rasheeda Satheesh, Sabin Kasparoglu, Bethany Sutherland, and Nicholas Meskhidze
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 745–762, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-745-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-745-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This work introduces a new method that uses remote sensing techniques to obtain surface number emissions of particles with a diameter greater than 500 nm. The technique was applied to study particle emissions at an urban site near Houston, TX, USA. The emissions followed a diurnal pattern and peaked near noon local time. The daily averaged emissions correlated with wind speed. The source is likely due to wind-driven erosion of material situated on asphalted and other hard surfaces.
Zhuang Wang, Chune Shi, Hao Zhang, Yujia Chen, Xiyuan Chi, Congzi Xia, Suyao Wang, Yizhi Zhu, Kaidi Zhang, Xintong Chen, Chengzhi Xing, and Cheng Liu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14271–14292, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14271-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14271-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The annual cycle of dust and anthropogenic aerosols' vertical distributions was revealed by polarization Raman lidar in Beijing. Anthropogenic aerosols typically accumulate at the top of the mixing layer (ML) due to the hygroscopic growth of atmospheric particles, and this is most significant in summer. There is no significant relationship between bottom dust mass concentration and ML height, while the dust in the upper air tends to be distributed near the mixing layer.
Simone Lolli, Michaël Sicard, Francesco Amato, Adolfo Comeron, Cristina Gíl-Diaz, Tony C. Landi, Constantino Munoz-Porcar, Daniel Oliveira, Federico Dios Otin, Francesc Rocadenbosch, Alejandro Rodriguez-Gomez, Andrés Alastuey, Xavier Querol, and Cristina Reche
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 12887–12906, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12887-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12887-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We evaluated the long-term trends and seasonal variability of the vertically resolved aerosol properties over the past 17 years in Barcelona. Results shows that air quality is improved, with a consistent drop in PM concentrations at the surface, as well as the column aerosol optical depth. The results also show that natural dust outbreaks are more likely in summer, with aerosols reaching an altitude of 5 km, while in winter, aerosols decay as an exponential with a scale height of 600 m.
Ludovico Di Antonio, Claudia Di Biagio, Gilles Foret, Paola Formenti, Guillaume Siour, Jean-François Doussin, and Matthias Beekmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 12455–12475, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12455-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12455-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Long-term (2000–2021) 1 km resolution satellite data have been used to investigate the climatological aerosol optical depth (AOD) variability and trends at different scales in Europe. Average enhancements of the local-to-regional AOD ratio at 550 nm of 57 %, 55 %, 39 % and 32 % are found for large metropolitan areas such as Barcelona, Lisbon, Paris and Athens, respectively, suggesting a non-negligible enhancement of the aerosol burden through local emissions.
Sebastien Garrigues, Melanie Ades, Samuel Remy, Johannes Flemming, Zak Kipling, Istvan Laszlo, Mark Parrington, Antje Inness, Roberto Ribas, Luke Jones, Richard Engelen, and Vincent-Henri Peuch
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 10473–10487, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10473-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10473-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) provides global monitoring of aerosols using the ECMWF forecast model constrained by the assimilation of satellite aerosol optical depth (AOD). This work aims at evaluating the assimilation of the NOAA VIIRS AOD product in the ECMWF model. It shows that the introduction of VIIRS in the CAMS data assimilation system enhances the accuracy of the aerosol analysis, particularly over Europe and desert and maritime sites.
Maria Filioglou, Ari Leskinen, Ville Vakkari, Ewan O'Connor, Minttu Tuononen, Pekko Tuominen, Samuli Laukkanen, Linnea Toiviainen, Annika Saarto, Xiaoxia Shang, Petri Tiitta, and Mika Komppula
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9009–9021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9009-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9009-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Pollen impacts climate and public health, and it can be detected in the atmosphere by lidars which measure the linear particle depolarization ratio (PDR), a shape-relevant optical parameter. As aerosols also cause depolarization, surface aerosol and pollen observations were combined with measurements from ground-based lidars operating at different wavelengths to determine the optical properties of birch and pine pollen and quantify their relative contribution to the PDR.
Jesús Abril-Gago, Pablo Ortiz-Amezcua, Diego Bermejo-Pantaleón, Juana Andújar-Maqueda, Juan Antonio Bravo-Aranda, María José Granados-Muñoz, Francisco Navas-Guzmán, Lucas Alados-Arboledas, Inmaculada Foyo-Moreno, and Juan Luis Guerrero-Rascado
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8453–8471, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8453-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8453-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Validation activities of Aeolus wind products were performed in Granada with different upward-probing instrumentation (Doppler lidar system and radiosondes) and spatiotemporal collocation criteria. Specific advantages and disadvantages of each instrument were identified, and an optimal comparison criterion is proposed. Aeolus was proven to provide reliable wind products, and the upward-probing instruments were proven to be useful for Aeolus wind product validation activities.
Jianyu Zheng, Zhibo Zhang, Hongbin Yu, Anne Garnier, Qianqian Song, Chenxi Wang, Claudia Di Biagio, Jasper F. Kok, Yevgeny Derimian, and Claire Ryder
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8271–8304, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8271-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8271-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a multi-year satellite-based retrieval of dust optical depth at 10 µm and the coarse-mode dust effective diameter over global oceans. It reveals climatological coarse-mode dust transport patterns and regional differences over the North Atlantic, the Indian Ocean and the North Pacific.
Shikuan Jin, Yingying Ma, Zhongwei Huang, Jianping Huang, Wei Gong, Boming Liu, Weiyan Wang, Ruonan Fan, and Hui Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8187–8210, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8187-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8187-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
To better understand the Asian aerosol environment, we studied distributions and trends of aerosol with different sizes and types. Over the past 2 decades, dust, sulfate, and sea salt aerosol decreased by 5.51 %, 3.07 %, and 9.80 %, whereas organic carbon and black carbon aerosol increased by 17.09 % and 6.23 %, respectively. The increase in carbonaceous aerosols was a feature of Asia. An exception is found in East Asia, where the carbonaceous aerosols reduced, owing largely to China's efforts.
Mukunda M. Gogoi, S. Suresh Babu, Ryoichi Imasu, and Makiko Hashimoto
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8059–8079, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8059-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8059-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Considering the climate warming potential of atmospheric black carbon (BC), satellite-based retrieval is a novel idea. This study highlights the regional distribution of BC based on observations by the Cloud and Aerosol Imager-2 on board the GOSAT-2 satellite and near-surface measurements of BC in ARFINET. The satellite retrieval fairly depicts the regional and seasonal features of BC over the Indian region, which are similar to those recorded by surface observations.
Hao Fan, Xingchuan Yang, Chuanfeng Zhao, Yikun Yang, and Zhenyao Shen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 7781–7798, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7781-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7781-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Using 20-year multi-source data, this study shows pronounced regional and seasonal variations in fire activities and emissions. Seasonal variability of fires is larger with increasing latitude. The increase in temperature in the Northern Hemisphere's middle- and high-latitude forest regions was primarily responsible for the increase in fires and emissions, while the changes in fire occurrence in tropical regions were more influenced by the decrease in precipitation and relative humidity.
Rosemary Huck, Robert G. Bryant, and James King
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 6299–6318, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6299-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6299-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study shows that mineral aerosol (dust) emission events in high-latitude areas are under-represented in both ground- and space-based detecting methods. This is done through a suite of ground-based data to prove that dust emissions from the proglacial area, Lhù’ààn Mân, occur almost daily but are not always recorded at different timescales. Dust has multiple effects on atmospheric processes; therefore, accurate quantification is important in the calibration and validation of climate models.
Michail Mytilinaios, Sara Basart, Sergio Ciamprone, Juan Cuesta, Claudio Dema, Enza Di Tomaso, Paola Formenti, Antonis Gkikas, Oriol Jorba, Ralph Kahn, Carlos Pérez García-Pando, Serena Trippetta, and Lucia Mona
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 5487–5516, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5487-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5487-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Multiscale Online Non-hydrostatic AtmospheRe CHemistry model (MONARCH) dust reanalysis provides a high-resolution 3D reconstruction of past dust conditions, allowing better quantification of climate and socioeconomic dust impacts. We assess the performance of the reanalysis needed to reproduce dust optical depth using dust-related products retrieved from satellite and ground-based observations and show that it reproduces the spatial distribution and seasonal variability of atmospheric dust well.
Jacob Z. Tindan, Qinjian Jin, and Bing Pu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 5435–5466, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5435-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5435-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We use the Infrared Atmospheric Sounder Interferometer (IASI) retrievals of dust variables (dust optical depth and dust layer height) and surface observations to understand the day- and nighttime variations in dust aerosols over the dust belt. Our results show that daytime dust aerosols are significantly different from nighttime, and such day–night variations are influenced by meteorological factors such as wind speed, precipitation, and turbulent motions within the atmospheric boundary layer.
Ross Herbert and Philip Stier
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 4595–4616, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4595-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4595-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We provide robust evidence from multiple sources showing that smoke from fires in the Amazon rainforest significantly modifies the diurnal cycle of convection and cools the climate. Low to moderate amounts of smoke increase deep convective clouds and rain, whilst beyond a threshold amount, the smoke starts to suppress the convection and rain. We are currently at this threshold, suggesting increases in fires from agricultural practices or droughts will reduce cloudiness and rain over the region.
Yue Huang, Jasper F. Kok, Masanori Saito, and Olga Muñoz
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 2557–2577, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2557-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2557-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Global aerosol models and remote sensing retrievals use dust optical models with inconsistent and inaccurate dust shape approximations. Here, we present a new dust optical model constrained by measured dust shape distributions. This new dust optical model is an improvement on the current dust optical models used in models and retrieval algorithms, as quantified by comparisons against laboratory and field observations of dust optics.
Konstantinos Michailidis, Maria-Elissavet Koukouli, Dimitris Balis, J. Pepijn Veefkind, Martin de Graaf, Lucia Mona, Nikolaos Papagianopoulos, Gesolmina Pappalardo, Ioanna Tsikoudi, Vassilis Amiridis, Eleni Marinou, Anna Gialitaki, Rodanthi-Elisavet Mamouri, Argyro Nisantzi, Daniele Bortoli, Maria João Costa, Vanda Salgueiro, Alexandros Papayannis, Maria Mylonaki, Lucas Alados-Arboledas, Salvatore Romano, Maria Rita Perrone, and Holger Baars
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 1919–1940, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1919-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1919-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Comparisons with ground-based correlative lidar measurements constitute a key component in the validation of satellite aerosol products. This paper presents the validation of the TROPOMI aerosol layer height (ALH) product, using archived quality assured ground-based data from lidar stations that belong to the EARLINET network. Comparisons between the TROPOMI ALH and co-located EARLINET measurements show good agreement over the ocean.
María Ángeles López-Cayuela, Carmen Córdoba-Jabonero, Diego Bermejo-Pantaleón, Michaël Sicard, Vanda Salgueiro, Francisco Molero, Clara Violeta Carvajal-Pérez, María José Granados-Muñoz, Adolfo Comerón, Flavio T. Couto, Rubén Barragán, María-Paz Zorzano, Juan Antonio Bravo-Aranda, Constantino Muñoz-Porcar, María João Costa, Begoña Artíñano, Alejandro Rodríguez-Gómez, Daniele Bortoli, Manuel Pujadas, Jesús Abril-Gago, Lucas Alados-Arboledas, and Juan Luis Guerrero-Rascado
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 143–161, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-143-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-143-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
An intense Saharan dust outbreak crossing the Iberian Peninsula in springtime was monitored to determinine the specific contribution of fine and coarse dust particles at five lidar stations, strategically covering its SW–central–NE pathway. Expected dust ageing along the transport started unappreciated. A different fine-dust impact on optical (~30 %) and mass (~10 %) properties was found. Use of polarized lidar measurements (mainly in elastic systems) for fine/coarse dust separation is crucial.
Kyriakoula Papachristopoulou, Ioannis-Panagiotis Raptis, Antonis Gkikas, Ilias Fountoulakis, Akriti Masoom, and Stelios Kazadzis
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 15703–15727, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15703-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15703-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Megacities' air quality is determined by atmospheric aerosols. We focus on changes over the last two decades in the 81 largest cities, using satellite data. European and American cities have lower aerosol compared to African and Asian cities. For European, North American and East Asian cities, aerosols are decreasing over time, especially in China and the US. In the remaining cities, aerosol loads are increasing, particularly in India.
Nilton Évora do Rosário, Elisa Thomé Sena, and Marcia Akemi Yamasoe
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 15021–15033, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15021-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15021-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The 2020 burning season in Brazil was marked by an atypically high number of fire spots across Pantanal, leading to high amounts of smoke within the biome. This study shows that smoke over Pantanal, usually a fraction of that over Amazonia, was higher and resulted mainly from fires in conservation and indigenous areas. It also contributes to highlighting Pantanal's 2020 burning season as the worst combination of a climate extreme scenario and inadequately enforced environmental regulations.
Santiago Gassó and Kirk D. Knobelspiesse
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 13581–13605, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13581-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13581-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Atmospheric particles interact with light resulting in observable optical polarization. Thus, we can learn about their composition from space. New satellite sensor technology measures full polarization of reflected sunlight. This paper considers circular polarization, an overlooked category of polarization with distinctive features that could bring new insights. We review existing literature and make novel computations to consider this previously underappreciated category of polarization.
Qingyang Xiao, Guannan Geng, Shigan Liu, Jiajun Liu, Xia Meng, and Qiang Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 13229–13242, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13229-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13229-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We provided complete coverage PM2.5 concentrations at a 1-km resolution from 2000 to the present, carefully considering the significant changes in land use characteristics in China. This high-resolution PM2.5 data successfully revealed the local-scale PM2.5 variations. We noticed changes in PM2.5 spatial patterns in association with the clean air policies, with the pollution hotspots having transferred from urban centers to rural regions with limited air quality monitoring.
Johannes Quaas, Hailing Jia, Chris Smith, Anna Lea Albright, Wenche Aas, Nicolas Bellouin, Olivier Boucher, Marie Doutriaux-Boucher, Piers M. Forster, Daniel Grosvenor, Stuart Jenkins, Zbigniew Klimont, Norman G. Loeb, Xiaoyan Ma, Vaishali Naik, Fabien Paulot, Philip Stier, Martin Wild, Gunnar Myhre, and Michael Schulz
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 12221–12239, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12221-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12221-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Pollution particles cool climate and offset part of the global warming. However, they are washed out by rain and thus their effect responds quickly to changes in emissions. We show multiple datasets to demonstrate that aerosol emissions and their concentrations declined in many regions influenced by human emissions, as did the effects on clouds. Consequently, the cooling impact on the Earth energy budget became smaller. This change in trend implies a relative warming.
Ukkyo Jeong, Si-Chee Tsay, N. Christina Hsu, David M. Giles, John W. Cooper, Jaehwa Lee, Robert J. Swap, Brent N. Holben, James J. Butler, Sheng-Hsiang Wang, Somporn Chantara, Hyunkee Hong, Donghee Kim, and Jhoon Kim
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 11957–11986, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11957-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11957-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Ultraviolet (UV) measurements from satellite and ground are important for deriving information on several atmospheric trace and aerosol characteristics. Simultaneous retrievals of aerosol and trace gases in this study suggest that water uptake by aerosols is one of the important phenomena affecting aerosol properties over northern Thailand, which is important for regional air quality and climate. Obtained aerosol properties covering the UV are also important for various satellite algorithms.
Abdulaziz Tunde Yakubu and Naven Chetty
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 11065–11087, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11065-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11065-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study examined the source of atmospheric aerosols and their role in forming clouds and rainfall over South Africa. The research provided answers to the cause of low precipitation, mainly linked to drought and water shortages experienced over the region. Further insight into the cause of occasional flooding that occurs in other parts of the area is provided. Finally, the study described the relationship between aerosol–cloud precipitation based on observation over the region.
Cited articles
Anderson, T. L., Masonis, S. J., Covert, D. S., Ahlquist, N. C., Howell, S.
G., Clarke, A. D., and McNaughton, C. S.: Variability of aerosol optical
properties derived from in situ aircraft measurements during ACE-Asia,
J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 108, D23, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD003247, 2003.
Ansmann, A., Althausen, D., Wandinger, U., Franke, K., Müller, D.,
Wagner, F., and Heintzenberg, J.: Vertical profiling of the Indian aerosol
plume with six-wavelength lidar during INDOEX: A first case study,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 963–966, 2000.
Babu, S. S., Satheesh, S. K., and Moorthy, K. K.: Aerosol radiative forcing
due to enhanced black carbon at an urban site in India, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 27 pp., 2002.
Babu, S. S., Moorthy, K. K., and Satheesh, S. K.: Vertical and horizontal
gradients in aerosol black carbon and its mass fraction to composite
aerosols over the east coast of Peninsular India from Aircraft measurements,
Adv. Meteorol., 2010, https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/812075, 2010.
Babu, S. S., Moorthy, K. K., Manchanda, R. K., Sinha, P. R., Satheesh, S.
K., Vajja, D. P., Srinivasan, S., and Kumar, V. H. A.: Free tropospheric
black carbon aerosol measurements using high altitude balloon: Do BC layers
build “their own homes” up in the atmosphere?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, 8, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL046654, 2011.
Babu, S. S., Nair, V. S., Gogoi, M. M., and Moorthy, K. K.: Seasonal
variation of vertical distribution of aerosol single scattering albedo over
Indian sub-continent: RAWEX aircraft observations, Atmos. Environ.,
125, 312–323, 2016.
Badarinath, K. V. S., Kharol, S. K., and Sharma, A. R.: Long-range transport
of aerosols from agriculture crop residue burning in Indo-Gangetic
Plains – a study using LIDAR, ground measurements and satellite data,
J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys., 71, 112–120, 2009.
Banerjee, P., Satheesh, S. K., Moorthy, K. K., Nanjundiah, R. S., and Nair,
V. S.: Long-range transport of mineral dust to the Northeast Indian Ocean:
Regional versus remote sources and the implications, J. Clim., 32,
1525–1549, 2019.
Beegum, S. N., Moorthy, K. K., Nair, V. S., Babu, S. S., Satheesh, S. K.,
Vinoj, V., Reddy, R. R., Gopal, K. R., Badarinath, K. V. S., and Niranjan,
K.: Characteristics of spectral aerosol optical depths over India during
ICARB, J. Earth Syst. Sci., 117, 303–313, 2008.
Bhattacharya, A., Chakraborty, A., and Venugopal, V.: Role of aerosols in
modulating cloud properties during active–break cycle of Indian summer
monsoon, Clim. Dynam., 49, 2131–2145, 2017.
Bond, T. C., Doherty, S. J., Fahey, D. W., Forster, P. M., Berntsen, T.,
DeAngelo, B. J., Flanner, M. G., Ghan, S., Kärcher, B., Koch, D., Kinne,
S., Kondo, Y., Quinn, P. K., Sarofim, M. C., Schultz, M. G., Schulz, M.,
Venkataraman, C., Zhang, H., Zhang, S., Bellouin, N., Guttikunda, S. K.,
Hopke, P. K., Jacobson, M. Z., Kaiser, J. W., Klimont, Z., Lohmann, U.,
Schwarz, J. P., Shindell, D., Storelvmo, T., Warren, S. G., and Zender, C.
S.: Bounding the role of black carbon in the climate system: A scientific
assessment, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 118, 5380–5552,
https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50171, 2013.
Boucher, O., Randall, D., Artaxo, P., Bretherton, C., Feingold, G., Forster,
P., Kerminen, V.-M., Kondo, Y., Liao, H., and Lohmann, U.: Clouds and
aerosols, in: Climate change 2013: the physical science basis. Contribution
of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, 571–657, 2013.
Brooks, J., Allan, J. D., Williams, P. I., Liu, D., Fox, C., Haywood, J., Langridge, J. M., Highwood, E. J., Kompalli, S. K., O'Sullivan, D., Babu, S. S., Satheesh, S. K., Turner, A. G., and Coe, H.: Vertical and horizontal distribution of submicron aerosol chemical composition and physical characteristics across northern India during pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 5615–5634, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-5615-2019, 2019.
Chandrasekhar, S.: Radiative transfer, Dover Publications, New York, ISBN 10 0486605906, ISBN 13 9780486605906, 1960.
Choi, J.-O. and Chung, C. E.: Sensitivity of aerosol direct radiative
forcing to aerosol vertical profile, Tellus B, 66, 24376, https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusb.v66.24376, 2014.
Das, S., Giorgi, F., and Giuliani, G.: Investigating the relative responses
of regional monsoon dynamics to snow darkening and direct radiative effects
of dust and carbonaceous aerosols over the Indian subcontinent, Clim. Dynam., 55, 1011–1030, 2020.
Deepshikha, S., Satheesh, S. K., and Srinivasan, J.: Regional distribution
of absorbing efficiency of dust aerosols over India and adjacent continents
inferred using satellite remote sensing, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GL022091,
2005.
Di Girolamo, L., Bond, T. C., Bramer, D., Diner, D. J., Fettinger, F., Kahn,
R. A., Martonchik, J. V., Ramana, M. V., Ramanathan, V., and Rasch, P. J.:
Analysis of Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) aerosol optical
depths over greater India during winter 2001–2004, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GL021273, 2004.
Dubovik, O., Smirnov, A., Holben, B. N., King, M. D., Kaufman, Y. J., Eck,
T. F., and Slutsker, I.: Accuracy assessments of aerosol optical properties
retrieved from Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) Sun and sky radiance
measurements, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 105, 9791–9806,
2000.
Eck, T. F., Holben, B. N., Sinyuk, A., Pinker, R. T., Goloub, P., Chen, H.,
Chatenet, B., Li, Z., Singh, R. P., and Tripathi, S. N.: Climatological
aspects of the optical properties of fine/coarse mode aerosol mixtures,
J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 115, D19, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD014002, 2010.
Eswaran, K., Satheesh, S. K., and Srinivasan, J.: Multi-satellite retrieval of single scattering albedo using the OMI–MODIS algorithm, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 3307–3324, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-3307-2019, 2019.
Feng, Y., Kotamarthi, V. R., Coulter, R., Zhao, C., and Cadeddu, M.: Radiative and thermodynamic responses to aerosol extinction profiles during the pre-monsoon month over South Asia, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 247–264, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-247-2016, 2016.
Franke, K., Ansmann, A., Müller, D., Althausen, D., Wagner, F., and
Scheele, R.: One-year observations of particle lidar ratio over the tropical
Indian Ocean with Raman lidar, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28,
4559–4562, 2001.
Franke, K., Ansmann, A., Müller, D., Althausen, D., Venkataraman, C.,
Reddy, M. S., Wagner, F., and Scheele, R.: Optical properties of the
Indo-Asian haze layer over the tropical Indian Ocean, J. Geophys.
Res.-Atmos., 108, D2, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD002473, 2003.
Gadi, R., Kulshrestha, U. C., Sarkar, A. K., Garg, S. C., and Parashar, D.
C.: Emissions of SO2 and NOx from biofuels in India, Tellus B, 55, 787–795, 2011.
Garg, A., Shukla, P. R., Bhattacharya, S., and Dadhwal, V. K.: Sub-region
(district) and sector level SO2 and NOx emissions for India: assessment of
inventories and mitigation flexibility, Atmos. Environ., 35,
703–713, 2001.
Gautam, R., Liu, Z., Singh, R. P., and Hsu, N. C.: Two contrasting
dust-dominant periods over India observed from MODIS and CALIPSO data,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL036967, 2009.
Gautam, R., Hsu, N. C., and Lau, K. M.: Premonsoon aerosol characterization
and radiative effects over the Indo-Gangetic Plains: Implications for
regional climate warming, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 115, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD013819,
2010.
Ghan, S. J., Liu, X., Easter, R. C., Zaveri, R., Rasch, P. J., Yoon, J.-H.,
and Eaton, B.: Toward a minimal representation of aerosols in climate
models: Comparative decomposition of aerosol direct, semidirect, and
indirect radiative forcing, J. Clim., 25, 6461–6476, 2012.
Giles, D. M., Holben, B. N., Tripathi, S. N., Eck, T. F., Newcomb, W. W.,
Slutsker, I., Dickerson, R. R., Thompson, A. M., Mattoo, S., and Wang, S.
H.: Aerosol properties over the Indo-Gangetic Plain: A mesoscale perspective
from the TIGERZ experiment, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.,
116, D18, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD015809, 2011.
Ginoux, P., Prospero, J. M., Gill, T. E., Hsu, N. C., and Zhao, M.:
Global-scale attribution of anthropogenic and natural dust sources and their
emission rates based on MODIS Deep Blue aerosol products, Rev.
Geophys., 50, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012RG000388, 2012.
Goto, D., Takemura, T., Nakajima, T., and Badarinath, K. V. S.: Global
aerosol model-derived black carbon concentration and single scattering
albedo over Indian region and its comparison with ground observations,
Atmos. Environ., 45, 3277–3285, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.03.037,
2011.
Groß, S., Tesche, M., Freudenthaler, V., Toledano, C., Wiegner, M.,
Ansmann, A., Althausen, D., and Seefeldner, M.: Characterization of Saharan
dust, marine aerosols and mixtures of biomass-burning aerosols and dust by
means of multi-wavelength depolarization and Raman lidar measurements during
SAMUM 2, Tellus B, 63, 706–724, 2011.
Hess, M., Koepke, P., and Schult, I.: Optical properties of aerosols and
clouds: The software package OPAC, Bull. Am. Meteorol.
Soc., 79, 831–844, 1998.
Hofer, J., Althausen, D., Abdullaev, S. F., Makhmudov, A. N., Nazarov, B. I., Schettler, G., Engelmann, R., Baars, H., Fomba, K. W., Müller, K., Heinold, B., Kandler, K., and Ansmann, A.: Long-term profiling of mineral dust and pollution aerosol with multiwavelength polarization Raman lidar at the Central Asian site of Dushanbe, Tajikistan: case studies, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 14559–14577, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-14559-2017, 2017.
Hofer, J., Ansmann, A., Althausen, D., Engelmann, R., Baars, H., Fomba, K. W., Wandinger, U., Abdullaev, S. F., and Makhmudov, A. N.: Optical properties of Central Asian aerosol relevant for spaceborne lidar applications and aerosol typing at 355 and 532 nm, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 9265–9280, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-9265-2020, 2020.
Hu, Q., Wang, H., Goloub, P., Li, Z., Veselovskii, I., Podvin, T., Li, K., and Korenskiy, M.: The characterization of Taklamakan dust properties using a multiwavelength Raman polarization lidar in Kashi, China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 13817–13834, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-13817-2020, 2020.
Jin, Q., Wei, J., and Yang, Z. L.: Positive response of Indian summer
rainfall to Middle East dust, Geophys. Res. Lett., 41, 4068–4074,
2014.
Kala, N. K., Anand, N. S., Manoj, M. R., Pathak, H. S., Moorthy, K. K., and Satheesh, S. K.: ACP-2021-740, figshare [data set], https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.19572889.v2, 2022
Kalnay, E.: Atmospheric modeling, data assimilation and predictability,
Cambridge University Press, 2003.
Kedia, S., Ramachandran, S., Holben, B. N., and Tripathi, S. N.:
Quantification of aerosol type, and sources of aerosols over the
Indo-Gangetic Plain, Atmos. Environ., 98, 607–619,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.09.022, 2014.
Kim, M.-H., Omar, A. H., Tackett, J. L., Vaughan, M. A., Winker, D. M., Trepte, C. R., Hu, Y., Liu, Z., Poole, L. R., Pitts, M. C., Kar, J., and Magill, B. E.: The CALIPSO version 4 automated aerosol classification and lidar ratio selection algorithm, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 6107–6135, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-6107-2018, 2018.
Kipling, Z., Stier, P., Johnson, C. E., Mann, G. W., Bellouin, N., Bauer, S. E., Bergman, T., Chin, M., Diehl, T., Ghan, S. J., Iversen, T., Kirkevåg, A., Kokkola, H., Liu, X., Luo, G., van Noije, T., Pringle, K. J., von Salzen, K., Schulz, M., Seland, Ø., Skeie, R. B., Takemura, T., Tsigaridis, K., and Zhang, K.: What controls the vertical distribution of aerosol? Relationships between process sensitivity in HadGEM3–UKCA and inter-model variation from AeroCom Phase II, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 2221–2241, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-2221-2016, 2016.
Koffi, B., Schulz, M., Bréon, F. M., Griesfeller, J., Winker, D.,
Balkanski, Y., Bauer, S., Berntsen, T., Chin, M., and Collins, W. D.:
Application of the CALIOP layer product to evaluate the vertical
distribution of aerosols estimated by global models: AeroCom phase I
results, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 117, D10, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD016858, 2012.
Koffi, B., Schulz, M., Bréon, F. M., Dentener, F., Steensen, B. M.,
Griesfeller, J., Winker, D., Balkanski, Y., Bauer, S. E., and Bellouin, N.:
Evaluation of the aerosol vertical distribution in global aerosol models
through comparison against CALIOP measurements: AeroCom phase II results,
J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 121, 7254–7283, 2016.
Kompalli, S. K., Babu, S. N. S., Moorthy, K. K., Satheesh, S. K., Gogoi, M. M., Nair, V. S., Jayachandran, V. N., Liu, D., Flynn, M. J., and Coe, H.: Mixing state of refractory black carbon aerosol in the South Asian outflow over the northern Indian Ocean during winter, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 9173–9199, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-9173-2021, 2021.
Kumar, A., Sudheer, A. K., and Sarin, M. M.: Chemical characteristics of
aerosols in MABL of Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea during spring
inter-monsoon: a comparative study, J. Earth Syst. Sci., 117,
325–332, 2008.
Lakshmi, N. B., Nair, V. S., and Babu, S. S.: Vertical structure of aerosols
and mineral dust over the Bay of Bengal from multisatellite observations,
J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 122, 812845–812861, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JD027643, 2017.
Lau, K. M., Kim, M. K., and Kim, K. M.: Asian summer monsoon anomalies
induced by aerosol direct forcing: the role of the Tibetan Plateau, Clim. Dynam., 26, 855–864, 2006.
Leibensperger, E. M., Mickley, L. J., Jacob, D. J., Chen, W.-T., Seinfeld, J. H., Nenes, A., Adams, P. J., Streets, D. G., Kumar, N., and Rind, D.: Climatic effects of 1950–2050 changes in US anthropogenic aerosols – Part 2: Climate response, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 3349–3362, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-3349-2012, 2012.
Léon, J. F., Chazette, P., Dulac, F., Pelon, J., Flamant, C., Bonazzola,
M., Foret, G., Alfaro, S. C., Cachier, H., Cautenet, S., and Hamonou, E.:
Large-scale advection of continental aerosols during INDOEX, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 106, 28427–28439, 2001.
Lewis, J. M., Lakshmivarahan, S., and Dhall, S.: Dynamic data assimilation:
a least squares approach, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511526480, 2006.
Li, F. and Ramanathan, V.: Winter to summer monsoon variation of aerosol
optical depth over the tropical Indian Ocean, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 107, D16, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD000949, 2002.
Liou, K.-N.: An introduction to atmospheric radiation, Elsevier, Vol. 84, ISBN 9780124514508, ISBN 9780080954592, 2002.
Liu, Z., Vaughan, M., Winker, D., Kittaka, C., Getzewich, B., Kuehn, R.,
Omar, A., Powell, K., Trepte, C., and Hostetler, C.: The CALIPSO lidar cloud
and aerosol discrimination: Version 2 algorithm and initial assessment of
performance, J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol., 26, 1198–1213,
2009.
Liu, Z., Kar, J., Zeng, S., Tackett, J., Vaughan, M., Avery, M., Pelon, J., Getzewich, B., Lee, K.-P., Magill, B., Omar, A., Lucker, P., Trepte, C., and Winker, D.: Discriminating between clouds and aerosols in the CALIOP version 4.1 data products, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 703–734, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-703-2019, 2019.
Mann, G. W., Carslaw, K. S., Reddington, C. L., Pringle, K. J., Schulz, M., Asmi, A., Spracklen, D. V., Ridley, D. A., Woodhouse, M. T., Lee, L. A., Zhang, K., Ghan, S. J., Easter, R. C., Liu, X., Stier, P., Lee, Y. H., Adams, P. J., Tost, H., Lelieveld, J., Bauer, S. E., Tsigaridis, K., van Noije, T. P. C., Strunk, A., Vignati, E., Bellouin, N., Dalvi, M., Johnson, C. E., Bergman, T., Kokkola, H., von Salzen, K., Yu, F., Luo, G., Petzold, A., Heintzenberg, J., Clarke, A., Ogren, J. A., Gras, J., Baltensperger, U., Kaminski, U., Jennings, S. G., O'Dowd, C. D., Harrison, R. M., Beddows, D. C. S., Kulmala, M., Viisanen, Y., Ulevicius, V., Mihalopoulos, N., Zdimal, V., Fiebig, M., Hansson, H.-C., Swietlicki, E., and Henzing, J. S.: Intercomparison and evaluation of global aerosol microphysical properties among AeroCom models of a range of complexity, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 4679–4713, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-4679-2014, 2014.
Manoj, M. R., Satheesh, S. K., Moorthy, K. K., Gogoi, M. M., and Babu, S.
S.: Decreasing trend in black carbon aerosols over the Indian region,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 46, 2903–2910, 2019.
Manoj, M. R., Satheesh, S. K., Moorthy, K. K., and Coe, H.: Vertical profiles of submicron aerosol single scattering albedo over the Indian region immediately before monsoon onset and during its development: research from the SWAAMI field campaign, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 4031–4046, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-4031-2020, 2020.
Mishra, A. K. and Shibata, T.: Climatological aspects of seasonal variation
of aerosol vertical distribution over central Indo-Gangetic belt (IGB)
inferred by the space-borne lidar CALIOP, Atmos. Environ., 57,
205–218, 2012.
Moorthy, K. K. and Saha, A.: Aerosol study during INDOEX: Observation of
enhanced aerosol activity over the mid Arabian Sea during the northern
winter, J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys., 62, 65–72,
2000.
Moorthy, K. K., Babu, S. S., Sunilkumar, S. V., Gupta, P. K., and Gera, B.
S.: Altitude profiles of aerosol BC, derived from aircraft measurements over
an inland urban location in India, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, 2004.
Moorthy, K. K., Sunilkumar, S. V., Pillai, P. S., Parameswaran, K., Nair, P.
R., Ahmed, Y. N., Ramgopal, K., Narasimhulu, K., Reddy, R. R., and Vinoj,
V.: Wintertime spatial characteristics of boundary layer aerosols over
peninsular India, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 110, D8, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JD005520, 2005a.
Moorthy, K. K., Babu, S. S., and Satheesh, S. K.: Aerosol characteristics
and radiative impacts over the Arabian Sea during the intermonsoon season:
Results from ARMEX field campaign, J. Atmos. Sci.,
62, 192–206, 2005b.
Moorthy, K. K., Babu, S. S., Satheesh, S. K., Srinivasan, J., and Dutt, C.
B. S.: Dust absorption over the “Great Indian Desert” inferred using
ground-based and satellite remote sensing, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 112, D9, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007690, 2007.
Moorthy, K. K., Satheesh, S. K., Babu, S. S., and Dutt, C. B. S.: Integrated
campaign for aerosols, gases and radiation budget (ICARB): an overview,
J. Earth Syst. Sci., 117, 243–262, 2008.
Moorthy, K. K., Nair, V. S., Babu, S. S., and Satheesh, S. K.: Spatial and
vertical heterogeneities in aerosol properties over oceanic regions around
India: Implications for radiative forcing, Q. J. Roy.
Meteor. Soc., 135, 2131–2145, 2009.
Müller, D., Franke, K., Wagner, F., Althausen, D., Ansmann, A., and
Heintzenberg, J.: Vertical profiling of optical and physical particle
properties over the tropical Indian Ocean with six-wavelength lidar: 1.
Seasonal cycle, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 28567–28575,
2001a.
Müller, D., Franke, K., Wagner, F., Althausen, D., Ansmann, A., and
Heintzenberg, J.: Vertical profiling of optical and physical particle
properties over the tropical Indian Ocean with six-wavelength lidar: 2. Case
studies, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 28577–28595, 2001b.
Myhre, G., Samset, B. H., Schulz, M., Balkanski, Y., Bauer, S., Berntsen, T. K., Bian, H., Bellouin, N., Chin, M., Diehl, T., Easter, R. C., Feichter, J., Ghan, S. J., Hauglustaine, D., Iversen, T., Kinne, S., Kirkevåg, A., Lamarque, J.-F., Lin, G., Liu, X., Lund, M. T., Luo, G., Ma, X., van Noije, T., Penner, J. E., Rasch, P. J., Ruiz, A., Seland, Ø., Skeie, R. B., Stier, P., Takemura, T., Tsigaridis, K., Wang, P., Wang, Z., Xu, L., Yu, H., Yu, F., Yoon, J.-H., Zhang, K., Zhang, H., and Zhou, C.: Radiative forcing of the direct aerosol effect from AeroCom Phase II simulations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 1853–1877, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-1853-2013, 2013.
Nair, V. S., Moorthy, K. K., Alappattu, D. P., Kunhikrishnan, P. K., George,
S., Nair, P. R., Babu, S. S., Abish, B., Satheesh, S. K., and Tripathi, S.
N.: Wintertime aerosol characteristics over the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP):
Impacts of local boundary layer processes and long-range transport, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 112, D13, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD008099, 2007.
Nair, V. S., Babu, S. S., and Moorthy, K. K.: Spatial distribution and
spectral characteristics of aerosol single scattering albedo over the Bay of
Bengal inferred from shipborne measurements, Geophys. Res. Lett.,
35, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL033687, 2008a.
Nair, V. S., Babu, S. S., and Moorthy, K. K.: Aerosol characteristics in the
marine atmospheric boundary layer over the Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea
during ICARB: Spatial distribution and latitudinal and longitudinal
gradients, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 113, D15208,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2008jd009823, 2008b.
Nair, V. S., Babu, S. S., Moorthy, K. K., Sharma, A. K., Marinoni, A., and
Ajai: Black carbon aerosols over the Himalayas: direct and surface albedo
forcing, Tellus B, 65, 19738, https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusb.v65i0.19738, 2013.
Namdari, S., Karimi, N., Sorooshian, A., Mohammadi, G., and Sehatkashani,
S.: Impacts of climate and synoptic fluctuations on dust storm activity over
the Middle East, Atmos. Environ., 173, 265–276,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.11.016, 2018.
Niranjan, K., Sreekanth, V., Madhavan, B. L., and Moorthy, K. K.: Aerosol
physical properties and Radiative forcing at the outflow region from the
Indo-Gangetic plains during typical clear and hazy periods of wintertime,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL031224, 2007.
Pandithurai, G., Dipu, S., Dani, K. K., Tiwari, S., Bisht, D. S., Devara, P.
C. S., and Pinker, R. T.: Aerosol radiative forcing during dust events over
New Delhi, India, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 113, D13, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD009804, 2008.
Patel, P. and Shukla, A. K.: Aerosol optical properties over marine and
continental sites of India during pre-monsoon season, Curr. Sci., 108,
666–676, 2015.
Pathak, B. and Bhuyan, P. K.: Absorbing and scattering properties of
boundary layer aerosols over Dibrugarh, Northeast India, Int.
J. Remote Sens., 35, 5527–5543, 2014.
Pathak, H. S., Satheesh, S. K., Nanjundiah, R. S., Moorthy, K. K., Lakshmivarahan, S., and Babu, S. N. S.: Assessment of regional aerosol radiative effects under the SWAAMI campaign – Part 1: Quality-enhanced estimation of columnar aerosol extinction and absorption over the Indian subcontinent, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 11865–11886, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-11865-2019, 2019.
Pöschl, U.: Atmospheric aerosols: composition, transformation, climate
and health effects, Angew. Chem. Int. Edit., 44, 7520–7540,
2005.
Pozzer, A., de Meij, A., Yoon, J., Tost, H., Georgoulias, A. K., and Astitha, M.: AOD trends during 2001–2010 from observations and model simulations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 5521–5535, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-5521-2015, 2015.
Prasad, A. K. and Singh, R. P.: Changes in aerosol parameters during major
dust storm events (2001–2005) over the Indo-Gangetic Plains using AERONET
and MODIS data, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 112, D9, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007778, 2007.
Prasad, A. K., Singh, R. P., and Kafatos, M.: Influence of coal based
thermal power plants on aerosol optical properties in the Indo-Gangetic
basin, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL023801, 2006.
Prasad, P., Raman, M. R., Ratnam, M. V., Ravikiran, V., Madhavan, B. L., and
Rao, S. V. B.: Nocturnal, seasonal and intra-annual variability of
tropospheric aerosols observed using ground-based and space-borne lidars
over a tropical location of India, Atmos. Environ., 213, 185–198,
2019.
Prijith, S. S., Aloysius, M., Mohan, M., Beegum, N., and Moorthy, K. K.:
Role of circulation parameters in long range aerosol transport: evidence
from Winter-ICARB, J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys., 77,
144–151, 2012.
Prijith, S. S., Babu, S. S., Lakshmi, N. B., Satheesh, S. K., and Moorthy,
K. K.: Meridional gradients in aerosol vertical distribution over Indian
Mainland: Observations and model simulations, Atmos. Environ., 125,
337–345, 2016.
Ramana, M. V., Ramanathan, V., Podgorny, I. A., Pradhan, B. B., and
Shrestha, B.: The direct observations of large aerosol radiative forcing in
the Himalayan region, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GL018824, 2004.
Ramanathan, V., Crutzen, P. J., Kiehl, J. T., and Rosenfeld, D.: Aerosols,
climate, and the hydrological cycle, Science, 294, 2119–2124, 2001.
Ratnam, M. V., Prasad, P., Roja Raman, M., Ravikiran, V., Bhaskara Rao, S.
V., Krishna Murthy, B. V., and Jayaraman, A.: Role of dynamics on the
formation and maintenance of the elevated aerosol layer during monsoon
season over south-east peninsular India, Atmos. Environ., 188,
43–49, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.06.023, 2018.
Ratnam, M. V., Prasad, P., Raj, S. T. A., Raman, M. R., and Basha, G.:
Changing patterns in aerosol vertical distribution over South and East Asia,
Sci. Rep., 11, 1–11, 2021.
Reddy, M. S. and Venkataraman, C.: Inventory of aerosol and sulphur dioxide
emissions from India: I – Fossil fuel combustion, Atmos. Environ.,
36, 677–697, 2002.
Remer, L. A., Kaufman, Y. J., Tanre, D., Mattoo, S., and Chu, D. A.:
Coauthors, 2005: The MODIS algorithm, products, and validation, J.
Atmos. Sci., 62, 947–973, 2005.
Remer, L. A., Kleidman, R. G., Levy, R. C., Kaufman, Y. J., Tanré, D.,
Mattoo, S., Martins, J. V., Ichoku, C., Koren, I., and Yu, H.: Global
aerosol climatology from the MODIS satellite sensors, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 113, D14, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD009661, 2008.
Ricchiazzi, P., Yang, S., Gautier, C., and Sowle, D.: SBDART: A research and
teaching software tool for plane-parallel radiative transfer in the Earth's
atmosphere, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 79, 2101–2114,
1998.
Samset, B. H., Myhre, G., Schulz, M., Balkanski, Y., Bauer, S., Berntsen, T. K., Bian, H., Bellouin, N., Diehl, T., Easter, R. C., Ghan, S. J., Iversen, T., Kinne, S., Kirkevåg, A., Lamarque, J.-F., Lin, G., Liu, X., Penner, J. E., Seland, Ø., Skeie, R. B., Stier, P., Takemura, T., Tsigaridis, K., and Zhang, K.: Black carbon vertical profiles strongly affect its radiative forcing uncertainty, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 2423–2434, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-2423-2013, 2013.
Satheesh, S. K.: Radiative forcing by aerosols over Bay of Bengal region,
Geophys. Res. Lett, 29, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002GL015334, 2002.
Satheesh, S. K., Vinoj, V., and Moorthy, K. K.: Vertical distribution of
aerosols over an urban continental site in India inferred using a micro
pulse lidar, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL027729, 2006.
Satheesh, S. K., Moorthy, K. K., Babu, S. S., Vinoj, V., and Dutt, C. B. S.:
Climate implications of large warming by elevated aerosol over India,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL034944, 2008.
Satheesh, S. K., Vinoj, V., Suresh Babu, S., Krishna Moorthy, K., and Nair, V. S.: Vertical distribution of aerosols over the east coast of India inferred from airborne LIDAR measurements, Ann. Geophys., 27, 4157–4169, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-27-4157-2009, 2009a.
Satheesh, S. K., Torres, O., Remer, L. A., Babu, S. S., Vinoj, V., Eck, T.
F., Kleidman, R. G., and Holben, B. N.: Improved assessment of aerosol
absorption using OMI-MODIS joint retrieval, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 114, D5, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD011024, 2009b.
Satheesh, S. K., Moorthy, K. K., Suresh Babu, S., Vinoj, V., Nair, V. S.,
Naseema Beegum, S., Dutt, C. B. S., Alappattu, D. P., and Kunhikrishnan, P.
K.: Vertical structure and horizontal gradients of aerosol extinction
coefficients over coastal India inferred from airborne lidar measurements
during the Integrated Campaign for Aerosol, Gases and Radiation Budget
(ICARB) field campaign, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.,
114, D5, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD011033, 2009c.
Satheesh, S. K., Vinoj, V., and Krishnamoorthy, K.: Assessment of aerosol
radiative impact over oceanic regions adjacent to Indian subcontinent using
multisatellite analysis, Adv. Meteorol., 2010, https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/139186, 2010.
Sathyanadh, A., Prabhakaran, T., Patil, C., and Karipot, A.: Planetary
boundary layer height over the Indian subcontinent: Variability and controls
with respect to monsoon, Atmos. Res., 195, 44–61, 2017.
Schulz, M., Textor, C., Kinne, S., Balkanski, Y., Bauer, S., Berntsen, T., Berglen, T., Boucher, O., Dentener, F., Guibert, S., Isaksen, I. S. A., Iversen, T., Koch, D., Kirkevåg, A., Liu, X., Montanaro, V., Myhre, G., Penner, J. E., Pitari, G., Reddy, S., Seland, Ø., Stier, P., and Takemura, T.: Radiative forcing by aerosols as derived from the AeroCom present-day and pre-industrial simulations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 5225–5246, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-5225-2006, 2006.
Solmon, F., Nair, V. S., and Mallet, M.: Increasing Arabian dust activity and the Indian summer monsoon, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 8051–8064, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-8051-2015, 2015.
Srinivas, B. and Sarin, M. M.: Atmospheric dry-deposition of mineral dust
and anthropogenic trace metals to the Bay of Bengal, J. Mar.
Syst., 126, 56–68, 2013.
Srivastava, A. K., Ram, K., Pant, P., Hegde, P., and Joshi, H.: Black carbon
aerosols over Manora Peak in the Indian Himalayan foothills: implications
for climate forcing, Environ. Res. Lett., 7, 014002, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/7/1/014002, 2012.
Srivastava, R., Ramachandran, S., Rajesh, T. A., and Kedia, S.: Aerosol
radiative forcing deduced from observations and models over an urban
location and sensitivity to single scattering albedo, Atmos. Environ., 45, 6163–6171, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.08.015, 2011.
Stamnes, K., Tsay, S.-C., Wiscombe, W., and Jayaweera, K.: Numerically
stable algorithm for discrete-ordinate-method radiative transfer in multiple
scattering and emitting layered media, Appl. Opt., 27, 2502–2509, 1988.
Vaishya, A., Babu, S. N. S., Jayachandran, V., Gogoi, M. M., Lakshmi, N. B., Moorthy, K. K., and Satheesh, S. K.: Large contrast in the vertical distribution of aerosol optical properties and radiative effects across the Indo-Gangetic Plain during the SWAAMI–RAWEX campaign, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 17669–17685, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-17669-2018, 2018.
Vaughan, M. A., Powell, K. A., Winker, D. M., Hostetler, C. A., Kuehn, R.
E., Hunt, W. H., Getzewich, B. J., Young, S. A., Liu, Z., and McGill, M. J.:
Fully Automated Detection of Cloud and Aerosol Layers in the CALIPSO Lidar
Measurements, J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol., 26, 2034–2050,
https://doi.org/10.1175/2009JTECHA1228.1, 2009.
Verma, S., Payra, S., Gautam, R., Prakash, D., Soni, M., Holben, B., and
Bell, S.: Dust events and their influence on aerosol optical properties over
Jaipur in Northwestern India, Environ. Monit. Assess., 185,
7327–7342, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-013-3103-9, 2013.
Vinoj, V., Babu, S. S., Satheesh, S. K., Moorthy, K., and Kaufman, Y. J.:
Radiative forcing by aerosols over the Bay of Bengal region derived from
shipborne, island-based, and satellite (Moderate-Resolution Imaging
Spectroradiometer) observations, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 109, D5, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JD004329, 2004.
Vinoj, V., Rasch, P. J., Wang, H., Yoon, J.-H., Ma, P.-L., Landu, K., and
Singh, B.: Short-term modulation of Indian summer monsoon rainfall by West
Asian dust, Nat. Geosci., 7, 308–313, 2014.
Wei, J., Peng, Y., Guo, J., and Sun, L.: Performance of MODIS Collection 6.1
Level 3 aerosol products in spatial-temporal variations over land,
Atmos. Environ., 206, 30–44, 2019.
Winker, D. M., Vaughan, M. A., Omar, A., Hu, Y., Powell, K. A., Liu, Z.,
Hunt, W. H., and Young, S. A.: Overview of the CALIPSO mission and CALIOP
data processing algorithms, J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol.,
26, 2310–2323, 2009.
Winker, D. M., Tackett, J. L., Getzewich, B. J., Liu, Z., Vaughan, M. A., and Rogers, R. R.: The global 3-D distribution of tropospheric aerosols as characterized by CALIOP, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 3345–3361, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-3345-2013, 2013.
Yoon, J., Burrows, J. P., Vountas, M., von Hoyningen-Huene, W., Chang, D. Y., Richter, A., and Hilboll, A.: Changes in atmospheric aerosol loading retrieved from space-based measurements during the past decade, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 6881–6902, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-6881-2014, 2014.
Young, S. A., Vaughan, M. A., Garnier, A., Tackett, J. L., Lambeth, J. D., and Powell, K. A.: Extinction and optical depth retrievals for CALIPSO's Version 4 data release, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 5701–5727, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-5701-2018, 2018.
Yu, H., Chin, M., Winker, D. M., Omar, A. H., Liu, Z., Kittaka, C., and
Diehl, T.: Global view of aerosol vertical distributions from CALIPSO lidar
measurements and GOCART simulations: Regional and seasonal variations,
J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 115, D4, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD013364, 2010.
Short summary
We present the 3-D distribution of atmospheric aerosols and highlight its variation with respect to longitudes over the Indian mainland and the surrounding oceans using long-term satellite observations and realistic synthesised data. The atmospheric heating due to the 3-D distribution of aerosols is estimated using radiative transfer calculations. We believe that our findings will have strong implications for aerosol–radiation interactions in regional climate simulations.
We present the 3-D distribution of atmospheric aerosols and highlight its variation with respect...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint