Articles | Volume 18, issue 9
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-6585-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-6585-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
08 May 2018
Research article |
| 08 May 2018
Meteorological controls on atmospheric particulate pollution during hazard reduction burns
Giovanni Di Virgilio
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Climate Change Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney,
2052, Australia
Melissa Anne Hart
Climate Change Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney,
2052, Australia
Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Climate System
Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
Ningbo Jiang
New South Wales Office of Environment and Heritage, Sydney, 2000,
Australia
Related authors
No articles found.
Mathew J. Lipson, Melissa A. Hart, and Marcus Thatcher
Geosci. Model Dev., 10, 991–1007, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-991-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-991-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
City-scale models describing the surface energy balance have difficulties representing heat storage in urban materials. This paper proposes an alternative method to discretise heat conduction through urban materials. We compare the new method with an approach commonly used in urban models and find the new method better matches exact solutions to heat transfer for a wide variety of urban material compositions. We also find the new method improves the bulk energy flux response of an urban model.
Owen F. Price, Bronwyn Horsey, and Ningbo Jiang
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 2247–2257, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-2247-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-2247-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We measured particulate levels at distances ranging from 50 m to 20 km from two prescribed fires and compared the values to those predicted from an atmospheric dispersion model. The model performed well during the day but not for areas close to the fire (under 1 km), which experienced high pollution peaks and did not predict night-time pollution in one of the fires over an area of 120 000 ha caused by a temperature inversion.
Related subject area
Subject: Dynamics | Research Activity: Atmospheric Modelling | Altitude Range: Troposphere | Science Focus: Physics (physical properties and processes)
Modulation of daily PM2.5 concentrations over China in winter by large-scale circulation and climate change
Modeling of street-scale pollutant dispersion by coupled simulation of chemical reaction, aerosol dynamics, and CFD
Daytime along-valley winds in the Himalayas as simulated by the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model
Evolution of squall line variability and error growth in an ensemble of large eddy simulations
Climatology and variability of air mass transport from the boundary layer to the Asian monsoon anticyclone
Uncertainty in Parameterized Convection Remains a Key Obstacle for Estimating Surface Fluxes of Carbon Dioxide
Evaluation and bias correction of probabilistic volcanic ash forecasts
The representation of the trade winds in ECMWF forecasts and reanalyses during EUREC4A
Modeling approaches for atmospheric ion–dipole collisions: all-atom trajectory simulations and central field methods
Parameterizing the aerodynamic effect of trees in street canyons for the street network model MUNICH using the CFD model Code_Saturne
Quantifying the impact of meteorological uncertainty on emission estimates and the risk to aviation using source inversion for the Raikoke 2019 eruption
Acceleration of the southern African easterly jet driven by the radiative effect of biomass burning aerosols and its impact on transport during AEROCLO-sA
The Sun's role in decadal climate predictability in the North Atlantic
Future projections of daily haze-conducive and clear weather conditions over the North China Plain using a perturbed parameter ensemble
Refining an ensemble of volcanic ash forecasts using satellite retrievals: Raikoke 2019
Ship-based estimates of momentum transfer coefficient over sea ice and recommendations for its parameterization
Revising the definition of anthropogenic heat flux from buildings: role of human activities and building storage heat flux
An assessment of tropopause characteristics of the ERA5 and ERA-Interim meteorological reanalyses
Distinct evolutions of haze pollution from winter to the following spring over the North China Plain: role of the North Atlantic sea surface temperature anomalies
The foehn effect during easterly flow over Svalbard
Effect of rainfall-induced diabatic heating over southern China on the formation of wintertime haze on the North China Plain
Anthropogenic aerosol effects on tropospheric circulation and sea surface temperature (1980–2020): separating the role of zonally asymmetric forcings
Lightning-ignited wildfires and long continuing current lightning in the Mediterranean Basin: preferential meteorological conditions
Identifying source regions of air masses sampled at the tropical high-altitude site of Chacaltaya using WRF-FLEXPART and cluster analysis
Modelling spatiotemporal variations of the canopy layer urban heat island in Beijing at the neighbourhood scale
Dispersion of particulate matter (PM2.5) from wood combustion for residential heating: optimization of mitigation actions based on large-eddy simulations
Measurement report: Effect of wind shear on PM10 concentration vertical structure in the urban boundary layer in a complex terrain
The effect of forced change and unforced variability in heat waves, temperature extremes, and associated population risk in a CO2-warmed world
Convective self–aggregation in a mean flow
The potential for geostationary remote sensing of NO2 to improve weather prediction
Robust winter warming over Eurasia under stratospheric sulfate geoengineering – the role of stratospheric dynamics
Parameterizing the vertical downward dispersion of ship exhaust gas in the near field
Anthropogenic aerosol forcing of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation and the associated mechanisms in CMIP6 models
Sensitivities of the Madden–Julian oscillation forecasts to configurations of physics in the ECMWF global model
Sensitivity of modeled Indian monsoon to Chinese and Indian aerosol emissions
The spring transition of the North Pacific jet and its relation to deep stratosphere-to-troposphere mass transport over western North America
Very long-period oscillations in the atmosphere (0–110 km)
Identification of molecular cluster evaporation rates, cluster formation enthalpies and entropies by Monte Carlo method
The “urban meteorology island”: a multi-model ensemble analysis
Validation of reanalysis Southern Ocean atmosphere trends using sea ice data
Revisiting the trend in the occurrences of the “warm Arctic–cold Eurasian continent” temperature pattern
A microphysics guide to cirrus – Part 2: Climatologies of clouds and humidity from observations
Ceilometers as planetary boundary layer height detectors and a corrective tool for COSMO and IFS models
Using a coupled large-eddy simulation–aerosol radiation model to investigate urban haze: sensitivity to aerosol loading and meteorological conditions
Confinement of air in the Asian monsoon anticyclone and pathways of convective air to the stratosphere during the summer season
On the climate sensitivity and historical warming evolution in recent coupled model ensembles
Surface processes in the 7 November 2014 medicane from air–sea coupled high-resolution numerical modelling
Hadley cell expansion in CMIP6 models
Atmospheric teleconnection processes linking winter air stagnation and haze extremes in China with regional Arctic sea ice decline
Dehydration and low ozone in the tropopause layer over the Asian monsoon caused by tropical cyclones: Lagrangian transport calculations using ERA-Interim and ERA5 reanalysis data
Zixuan Jia, Carlos Ordóñez, Ruth M. Doherty, Oliver Wild, Steven T. Turnock, and Fiona M. O'Connor
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 2829–2842, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2829-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2829-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates the influence of the winter large-scale circulation on daily concentrations of PM2.5 and their sensitivity to emissions. The new proposed circulation index can effectively distinguish different levels of air pollution and explain changes in PM2.5 sensitivity to emissions from local and surrounding regions. We then project future changes in PM2.5 concentrations using this index and find an increase in PM2.5 concentrations over the region due to climate change.
Chao Lin, Yunyi Wang, Ryozo Ooka, Cédric Flageul, Youngseob Kim, Hideki Kikumoto, Zhizhao Wang, and Karine Sartelet
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 1421–1436, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1421-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1421-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, SSH-aerosol, a modular box model that simulates the evolution of gas, primary, and secondary aerosols, is coupled with the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software, OpenFOAM and Code_Saturne. The transient dispersion of pollutants emitted from traffic in a street canyon of Greater Paris is simulated. The coupled model achieved better agreement in NO2 and PM10 with measurement data than the conventional CFD simulation which regards pollutants as passive scalars.
Johannes Mikkola, Victoria A. Sinclair, Marja Bister, and Federico Bianchi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 821–842, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-821-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-821-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Local winds in four valleys located in the Nepal Himalayas are studied by means of high-resolution meteorological modelling. Well-defined daytime up-valley winds are simulated in all of the valleys with some variation in the flow depth and strength among the valleys and their parts. Parts of the valleys with a steep valley floor inclination (2–5°) are associated with weaker and shallower daytime up-valley winds compared with the parts that have nearly flat valley floors (< 1°).
Edward Groot and Holger Tost
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 565–585, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-565-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-565-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Thunderstorm systems play an important role in the dynamics of the Earth’s atmosphere, and some of them form a well-organised line: squall lines. Simulations of such squall lines with very small initial perturbations are compared to a reference simulation. The evolution of perturbations and processes amplifying them are analysed. It is shown that the formation of new secondary thunderstorm cells (after the initial primary cells) directly ahead of the line affects the spread strongly.
Matthias Nützel, Sabine Brinkop, Martin Dameris, Hella Garny, Patrick Jöckel, Laura L. Pan, and Mijeong Park
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 15659–15683, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15659-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15659-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
During the Asian summer monsoon season, a large high-pressure system is present at levels close to the tropopause above Asia. We analyse how air masses are transported from surface levels to this high-pressure system, which shows distinct features from the surrounding air masses. To this end, we employ multiannual data from two complementary models that allow us to analyse the climatology as well as the interannual and intraseasonal variability of these transport pathways.
Andrew E. Schuh and Andrew R. Jacobson
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-616, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-616, 2022
Revised manuscript accepted for ACP
Short summary
Short summary
A comparison of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations resulting from two different atmospheric transport models showed large differences in predicted concentrations with significant space-time correlations. The vertical mixing of long-lived trace gases by convection was determined to be the main driver of these differences. The resulting uncertainty was deemed significant to the application of using atmospheric gradients of CO2 to estimate surface fluxes of CO2.
Alice Crawford, Tianfeng Chai, Binyu Wang, Allison Ring, Barbara Stunder, Christopher P. Loughner, Michael Pavolonis, and Justin Sieglaff
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 13967–13996, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13967-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13967-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study describes the development of a workflow which produces probabilistic and quantitative forecasts of volcanic ash in the atmosphere. The workflow includes methods of incorporating satellite observations of the ash cloud into a modeling framework as well as verification statistics that can be used to guide further model development and provide information for risk-based approaches to flight planning.
Alessandro Carlo Maria Savazzi, Louise Nuijens, Irina Sandu, Geet George, and Peter Bechtold
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 13049–13066, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13049-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13049-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Winds are of great importance for the transport of energy and moisture in the atmosphere. In this study we use measurements from the EUREC4A field campaign and several model experiments to understand the wind bias in the forecasts produced by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts. We are able to link the model errors to heights above 2 km and to the representation of the diurnal cycle of winds: the model makes the winds too slow in the morning and too strong in the evening.
Ivo Neefjes, Roope Halonen, Hanna Vehkamäki, and Bernhard Reischl
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 11155–11172, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11155-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11155-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Collisions between ionic and dipolar molecules and clusters facilitate the formation of atmospheric aerosol particles, which affect global climate and air quality. We compared often-used classical approaches for calculating ion–dipole collision rates with robust atomistic computer simulations. While classical approaches work for simple ions and dipoles only, our modeling approach can also efficiently calculate reasonable collision properties for more complex systems.
Alice Maison, Cédric Flageul, Bertrand Carissimo, Yunyi Wang, Andrée Tuzet, and Karine Sartelet
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 9369–9388, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9369-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9369-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents a parameterization of the tree crown effect on air flow and pollutant dispersion in a street network model used to simulate air quality at the street level. The new parameterization is built using a finer-scale model (computational fluid dynamics). The tree effect increases with the leaf area index and the crown volume fraction of the trees; the street horizontal velocity is reduced by up to 68 % and the vertical transfer into or out of the street by up to 23 %.
Natalie J. Harvey, Helen F. Dacre, Cameron Saint, Andrew T. Prata, Helen N. Webster, and Roy G. Grainger
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 8529–8545, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8529-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8529-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In the event of a volcanic eruption, airlines need to make decisions about which routes are safe to operate and ensure that airborne aircraft land safely. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the application of a statistical technique that best combines ash information from satellites and a suite of computer forecasts of ash concentration to provide a range of plausible estimates of how much volcanic ash emitted from a volcano is available to undergo long-range transport.
Jean-Pierre Chaboureau, Laurent Labbouz, Cyrille Flamant, and Alma Hodzic
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 8639–8658, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8639-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8639-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Ground-based, spaceborne and rare airborne observations of biomass burning aerosols (BBAs) during the AEROCLO-sA field campaign in 2017 are complemented with convection-permitting simulations with online trajectories. The results show that the radiative effect of the BBA accelerates the southern African easterly jet and generates upward motions that transport the BBAs to higher altitudes and farther southwest.
Annika Drews, Wenjuan Huo, Katja Matthes, Kunihiko Kodera, and Tim Kruschke
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 7893–7904, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7893-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7893-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Solar irradiance varies with a period of approximately 11 years. Using a unique large chemistry–climate model dataset, we investigate the solar surface signal in the North Atlantic and European region and find that it changes over time, depending on the strength of the solar cycle. For the first time, we estimate the potential predictability associated with including realistic solar forcing in a model. These results may improve seasonal to decadal predictions of European climate.
Shipra Jain, Ruth M. Doherty, David Sexton, Steven Turnock, Chaofan Li, Zixuan Jia, Zongbo Shi, and Lin Pei
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 7443–7460, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7443-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7443-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We provide a range of future projections of winter haze and clear conditions over the North China Plain (NCP) using multiple simulations from a climate model for the high-emission scenario (RCP8.5). The frequency of haze conducive weather is likely to increase whereas the frequency of clear weather is likely to decrease in future. The total number of hazy days for a given winter can be as much as ˜3.5 times higher than the number of clear days over the NCP.
Antonio Capponi, Natalie J. Harvey, Helen F. Dacre, Keith Beven, Cameron Saint, Cathie Wells, and Mike R. James
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 6115–6134, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6115-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6115-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Forecasts of the dispersal of volcanic ash in the atmosphere are hampered by uncertainties in parameters describing the characteristics of volcanic plumes. Uncertainty quantification is vital for making robust flight-planning decisions. We present a method using satellite data to refine a series of volcanic ash dispersion forecasts and quantify these uncertainties. We show how we can improve forecast accuracy and potentially reduce the regions of high risk of volcanic ash relevant to aviation.
Piyush Srivastava, Ian M. Brooks, John Prytherch, Dominic J. Salisbury, Andrew D. Elvidge, Ian A. Renfrew, and Margaret J. Yelland
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 4763–4778, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4763-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4763-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The parameterization of surface turbulent fluxes over sea ice remains a weak point in weather forecast and climate models. Recent theoretical developments have introduced more extensive physics but these descriptions are poorly constrained due to a lack of observation data. Here we utilize a large dataset of measurements of turbulent fluxes over sea ice to tune the state-of-the-art parameterization of wind stress, and compare it with a previous scheme.
Yiqing Liu, Zhiwen Luo, and Sue Grimmond
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 4721–4735, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4721-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4721-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Anthropogenic heat emission from buildings is important for atmospheric modelling in cities. The current building anthropogenic heat flux is simplified by building energy consumption. Our research proposes a novel approach to determine ‘real’ building anthropogenic heat emission from the changes in energy balance fluxes between occupied and unoccupied buildings. We hope to provide new insights into future parameterisations of building anthropogenic heat flux in urban climate models.
Lars Hoffmann and Reinhold Spang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 4019–4046, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4019-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4019-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We present an intercomparison of 2009–2018 lapse rate tropopause characteristics as derived from ECMWF's ERA5 and ERA-Interim reanalyses. Large-scale features are similar, but ERA5 shows notably larger variability, which we mainly attribute to UTLS temperature fluctuations due to gravity waves being better resolved by ECMWF's IFS forecast model. Following evaluation with radiosondes and GPS data, we conclude ERA5 will be a more suitable asset for tropopause-related studies in future work.
Linye Song, Shangfeng Chen, Wen Chen, Jianping Guo, Conglan Cheng, and Yong Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 1669–1688, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1669-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1669-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study shows that in most years when haze pollution (HP) over the North China Plain (NCP) is more (less) serious in winter, air conditions in the following spring are also worse (better) than normal. Conversely, there are some years when HP in the following spring is opposed to that in winter. It is found that North Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies play important roles in HP evolution over the NCP. Thus North Atlantic SST is an important preceding signal for NCP HP evolution.
Anna A. Shestakova, Dmitry G. Chechin, Christof Lüpkes, Jörg Hartmann, and Marion Maturilli
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 1529–1548, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1529-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1529-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This article presents a comprehensive analysis of the easterly orographic wind episode which occurred over Svalbard on 30–31 May 2017. This wind caused a significant temperature rise on the lee side of the mountains and greatly intensified the snowmelt. This episode was investigated on the basis of measurements collected during the ACLOUD/PASCAL field campaigns with the help of numerical modeling.
Xiadong An, Lifang Sheng, Chun Li, Wen Chen, Yulian Tang, and Jingliang Huangfu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 725–738, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-725-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-725-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The North China Plain (NCP) suffered many periods of haze in winter during 1985–2015, related to the rainfall-induced diabatic heating over southern China. The haze over the NCP is modulated by an anomalous anticyclone caused by the Rossby wave and a north–south circulation (NSC) induced mainly by diabatic heating. As a Rossby wave source, rainfall-induced diabatic heating supports waves and finally strengthens the anticyclone over the NCP. These changes favor haze over the NCP.
Chenrui Diao, Yangyang Xu, and Shang-Ping Xie
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 18499–18518, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-18499-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-18499-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Anthropogenic aerosol (AA) emission has shown a zonal redistribution since the 1980s, with a decline in the Western Hemisphere (WH) high latitudes and an increase in the Eastern Hemisphere (EH) low latitudes. This study compares the role of zonally asymmetric forcings affecting the climate. The WH aerosol reduction dominates the poleward shift of the Hadley cell and the North Pacific warming, while the EH AA forcing is largely confined to the emission domain and induces local cooling responses.
Francisco J. Pérez-Invernón, Heidi Huntrieser, Sergio Soler, Francisco J. Gordillo-Vázquez, Nicolau Pineda, Javier Navarro-González, Víctor Reglero, Joan Montanyà, Oscar van der Velde, and Nikos Koutsias
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 17529–17557, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17529-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17529-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Lightning-ignited fires tend to occur in remote areas and can spread significantly before suppression. Long continuing current (LCC) lightning, preferably taking place in dry thunderstorms, is believed to be the main precursor of lightning-ignited fires. We analyze fire databases of lightning-ignited fires in the Mediterranean basin and report the shared meteorological conditions of fire- and LCC-lightning-producing thunderstorms. These results can be useful to improve fire forecasting methods.
Diego Aliaga, Victoria A. Sinclair, Marcos Andrade, Paulo Artaxo, Samara Carbone, Evgeny Kadantsev, Paolo Laj, Alfred Wiedensohler, Radovan Krejci, and Federico Bianchi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 16453–16477, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16453-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16453-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the origin of air masses sampled at Mount Chacaltaya, Bolivia. Three-quarters of the measured air has not been influenced by the surface in the previous 4 d. However, it is rare that, at any given time, the sampled air has not been influenced at all by the surface, and often the sampled air has multiple origins. The influence of the surface is more prevalent during day than night. Furthermore, during the 6-month study, one-third of the air masses originated from Amazonia.
Michael Biggart, Jenny Stocker, Ruth M. Doherty, Oliver Wild, David Carruthers, Sue Grimmond, Yiqun Han, Pingqing Fu, and Simone Kotthaus
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 13687–13711, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13687-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13687-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Heat-related illnesses are of increasing concern in China given its rapid urbanisation and our ever-warming climate. We examine the relative impacts that land surface properties and anthropogenic heat have on the urban heat island (UHI) in Beijing using ADMS-Urban. Air temperature measurements and satellite-derived land surface temperatures provide valuable means of evaluating modelled spatiotemporal variations. This work provides critical information for urban planners and UHI mitigation.
Tobias Wolf, Lasse H. Pettersson, and Igor Esau
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 12463–12477, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-12463-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-12463-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
House heating by wood-burning stoves is cozy and needed in boreal cities, e.g., Bergen, Norway. But smoke (aerosols) from stoves may reduce urban air quality. It can be transported over long distance excessively polluting some neighborhoods. Who will suffer the most? Our modelling study looks at urban pollution in unprecedented meter-sized details tracing smoke pathways and turbulent dispersion in a typical city. We prototype effective policy scenarios to mitigate urban air quality problems.
Piotr Sekuła, Anita Bokwa, Jakub Bartyzel, Bogdan Bochenek, Łukasz Chmura, Michał Gałkowski, and Mirosław Zimnoch
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 12113–12139, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-12113-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-12113-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The wind shear generated on a local scale by the diversified relief’s impact can be a factor which significantly modifies the spatial pattern of PM10 concentration. The vertical profile of PM10 over a city located in a large valley during the events with high surface-level PM10 concentrations may show a sudden decrease with height not only due to the increase in wind speed, but also due to the change in wind direction alone. Vertical aerosanitary urban zones can be distinguished.
Jangho Lee, Jeffrey C. Mast, and Andrew E. Dessler
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 11889–11904, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11889-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11889-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This paper investigates the impact of global warming on heat and humidity extremes. There are three major findings in this study. We quantify how unforced variability in the climate impacts can lead to large variations where heat waves occur, we find that all heat extremes increase as the climate warms, especially between 1.5 and 2.0 °C of the average global warming, and we show that the economic inequity of facing extreme heat will worsen in a warmer world.
Hyunju Jung, Ann Kristin Naumann, and Bjorn Stevens
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 10337–10345, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10337-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10337-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We analyze the behavior of organized convection in a large-scale flow by imposing a mean flow to idealized simulations. In the mean flow, organized convection initially propagates slower than the mean wind speed and becomes stationary. The initial upstream and downstream difference in surface fluxes becomes symmetric as the surface momentum flux acts as a drag, resulting in the stationarity. Meanwhile, the surface enthalpy flux has a minor role in the propagation of the convection.
Xueling Liu, Arthur P. Mizzi, Jeffrey L. Anderson, Inez Fung, and Ronald C. Cohen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 9573–9583, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-9573-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-9573-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Observations of winds in the planetary boundary layer remain sparse, making it challenging to simulate and predict the atmospheric conditions that are most important for describing and predicting urban air quality. Here we investigate the application of data assimilation of NO2 columns as will be observed from geostationary orbit to improve predictions and retrospective analysis of wind fields in the boundary layer.
Antara Banerjee, Amy H. Butler, Lorenzo M. Polvani, Alan Robock, Isla R. Simpson, and Lantao Sun
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 6985–6997, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6985-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6985-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We find that simulated stratospheric sulfate geoengineering could lead to warmer Eurasian winters alongside a drier Mediterranean and wetting to the north. These effects occur due to the strengthening of the Northern Hemisphere stratospheric polar vortex, which shifts the North Atlantic Oscillation to a more positive phase. We find the effects in our simulations to be much more significant than the wintertime effects of large tropical volcanic eruptions which inject much less sulfate aerosol.
Ronny Badeke, Volker Matthias, and David Grawe
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 5935–5951, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5935-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5935-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This work aims to describe the physical distribution of ship exhaust gases in the near field, e.g., inside of a harbor. Results were calculated with a mathematical model for different meteorological and technical conditions. It has been shown that large vessels like cruise ships have a significant effect of up to 55 % downward movement of exhaust gas, as they can disturb the ground near wind circulation. This needs to be considered in urban air pollution studies.
Taufiq Hassan, Robert J. Allen, Wei Liu, and Cynthia A. Randles
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 5821–5846, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5821-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5821-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
State-of-the-art climate models yield robust, externally forced changes in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC), the bulk of which are due to anthropogenic aerosol perturbations to net surface shortwave radiation and sea surface temperature. AMOC-related feedbacks act to reinforce this aerosol-forced response, largely due to changes in sea surface salinity (and hence sea surface density), with temperature- and cloud-related feedbacks acting to mute the initial response.
Jun-Ichi Yano and Nils P. Wedi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 4759–4778, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-4759-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-4759-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Sensitivities of forecasts of the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) to various different configurations of the physics are examined with the global model of ECMWF's Integrated Forecasting System (IFS). The motivation for the study was to simulate the MJO as a nonlinear free wave. To emulate free dynamics in the IFS,
various momentum dissipation terms (
friction) as well as diabatic heating were selectively turned off over the tropics for the range of the latitudes from 20° S to 20° N.
Peter Sherman, Meng Gao, Shaojie Song, Alex T. Archibald, Nathan Luke Abraham, Jean-François Lamarque, Drew Shindell, Gregory Faluvegi, and Michael B. McElroy
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 3593–3605, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3593-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3593-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The aims here are to assess the role of aerosols in India's monsoon precipitation and to determine the relative contributions from Chinese and Indian emissions using CMIP6 models. We find that increased sulfur emissions reduce precipitation, which is primarily dynamically driven due to spatial shifts in convection over the region. A significant increase in precipitation (up to ~ 20 %) is found only when both Indian and Chinese sulfate emissions are regulated.
Melissa L. Breeden, Amy H. Butler, John R. Albers, Michael Sprenger, and Andrew O'Neil Langford
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 2781–2794, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2781-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2781-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Prior research has found a maximum in deep stratosphere-to-troposphere mass/ozone transport over the western United States in boreal spring, which can enhance surface ozone concentrations, reducing air quality. We find that the winter-to-summer evolution of the north Pacific jet increases the frequency of stratospheric intrusions that drive transport, helping explain the observed maximum. The El Niño–Southern Oscillation affects the timing of the spring jet transition and therefore transport.
Dirk Offermann, Christoph Kalicinsky, Ralf Koppmann, and Johannes Wintel
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 1593–1611, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-1593-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-1593-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Atmospheric oscillations with periods of up to several 100 years exist at altitudes up to 110 km. They are also seen in computer models (GCMs) of the atmospheric. They are often attributed to external influences from the sun, from the oceans, or from atmospheric constituents. This is difficult to verify as the atmosphere cannot be manipulated in an experiment. However, a GCM can be changed arbitrarily. Doing so, we find that long-period oscillations may be excited internally in the atmosphere.
Anna Shcherbacheva, Tracey Balehowsky, Jakub Kubečka, Tinja Olenius, Tapio Helin, Heikki Haario, Marko Laine, Theo Kurtén, and Hanna Vehkamäki
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 15867–15906, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-15867-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-15867-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Atmospheric new particle formation and cluster growth to aerosol particles is an important field of research, in particular due to the climate change phenomenon. Evaporation rates are very difficult to account for but they are important to explain the formation and growth of particles. Different quantum chemistry (QC) methods produce substantially different values for the evaporation rates. We propose a novel approach for inferring evaporation rates of clusters from available measurements.
Jan Karlický, Peter Huszár, Tereza Nováková, Michal Belda, Filip Švábik, Jana Ďoubalová, and Tomáš Halenka
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 15061–15077, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-15061-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-15061-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Cities are characterized by their impact on various meteorological variables. Our study aims to generalize these modifications into a single phenomenon – the urban meteorology island (UMI). A wide ensemble of Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) and Regional Climate Model (RegCM) simulations investigated urban-induced modifications as individual UMI components. Significant changes are found in most of the discussed meteorological variables with a strong impact of specific model simulations.
William R. Hobbs, Andrew R. Klekociuk, and Yuhang Pan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 14757–14768, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-14757-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-14757-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Reanalysis products are an invaluable tool for representing variability and long-term trends in regions with limited in situ data. However, validation of these products is difficult because of that lack of station data. Here we present a novel assessment of eight reanalyses over the polar Southern Ocean, leveraging the close relationship between trends in sea ice cover and surface air temperature, that provides clear guidance on the most reliable product for Antarctic research.
Lejiang Yu, Shiyuan Zhong, Cuijuan Sui, and Bo Sun
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 13753–13770, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-13753-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-13753-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The recent increasing trend of "warm Arctic, cold continents" has attracted much attention, but it remains debatable as to what forces are behind this phenomenon. Sea surface temperature (SST) over the central North Pacific and the North Atlantic oceans influences the trend. On an interdecadal timescale, the recent increase in the occurrences of the warm Arctic–cold Eurasia pattern is a fragment of the interdecadal variability of SST over the Atlantic Ocean and over the central Pacific Ocean.
Martina Krämer, Christian Rolf, Nicole Spelten, Armin Afchine, David Fahey, Eric Jensen, Sergey Khaykin, Thomas Kuhn, Paul Lawson, Alexey Lykov, Laura L. Pan, Martin Riese, Andrew Rollins, Fred Stroh, Troy Thornberry, Veronika Wolf, Sarah Woods, Peter Spichtinger, Johannes Quaas, and Odran Sourdeval
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 12569–12608, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-12569-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-12569-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
To improve the representations of cirrus clouds in climate predictions, extended knowledge of their properties and geographical distribution is required. This study presents extensive airborne in situ and satellite remote sensing climatologies of cirrus and humidity, which serve as a guide to cirrus clouds. Further, exemplary radiative characteristics of cirrus types and also in situ observations of tropical tropopause layer cirrus and humidity in the Asian monsoon anticyclone are shown.
Leenes Uzan, Smadar Egert, Pavel Khain, Yoav Levi, Elyakom Vadislavsky, and Pinhas Alpert
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 12177–12192, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-12177-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-12177-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Detection of the planetary boundary layer (PBL) height is crucial to various fields, from air pollution assessment to weather prediction. We examined the diurnal summer PBL height by eight ceilometers in Israel, radiosonde profiles, the global IFS, and regional COSMO models. Our analysis utilized the bulk Richardson number method, the parcel method, and the wavelet covariance transform method. A novel correction tool to improve model results against in-situ ceilometer measurements is introduced.
Jessica Slater, Juha Tonttila, Gordon McFiggans, Paul Connolly, Sami Romakkaniemi, Thomas Kühn, and Hugh Coe
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 11893–11906, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-11893-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-11893-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The feedback effect between aerosol particles, radiation and meteorology reduces turbulent motion and results in increased surface aerosol concentrations during Beijing haze. Observational analysis and regional modelling studies have examined the feedback effect but these studies are limited. In this work, we set up a high-resolution model for the Beijing environment to examine the sensitivity of the aerosol feedback effect to initial meteorological conditions and aerosol loading.
Bernard Legras and Silvia Bucci
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 11045–11064, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-11045-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-11045-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The Asian monsoon is the most active region bringing surface compounds by convection to the stratosphere during summer. We study the transport pathways and the trapping within the upper-layer anticyclonic circulation. Above 15 km, the confinement can be represented by a uniform ascent over continental Asia of about 200 m per day and a uniform loss to other regions with a characteristic time of 2 weeks. We rule out the presence of a
chimneyproposed in previous studies over the Tibetan Plateau.
Clare Marie Flynn and Thorsten Mauritsen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 7829–7842, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-7829-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-7829-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The range of climate sensitivity of models participating in CMIP6 has increased relative to models participating in CMIP5 due to decreases in the total feedback parameter. This is caused by increases in the shortwave all-sky and clear-sky feedbacks, particularly over the Southern Ocean. These shifts between CMIP6 and CMIP5 did not arise by chance. Both CMIP5 and CMIP6 models are found to exhibit aerosol forcing that is too strong, causing too much cooling relative to observations.
Marie-Noëlle Bouin and Cindy Lebeaupin Brossier
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 6861–6881, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-6861-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-6861-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
A coupled, kilometre-scale simulation of a medicane is used to assess the impact of the ocean feedback and role of surface fluxes. Sea surface temperature (SST) drop is much weaker than for tropical cyclones, resulting in no impact on the cyclone. Surface fluxes depend mainly on wind and SST for evaporation and on air temperature for sensible heat. Processes in the Mediterranean, like advection of continental air, rain evaporation and dry air intrusion, play a role in cyclone development.
Kevin M. Grise and Sean M. Davis
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 5249–5268, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-5249-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-5249-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
As Earth's climate warms, the tropical overturning circulation (Hadley circulation) is projected to expand, potentially pushing subtropical dry zones further poleward. This study examines projections of the Hadley circulation from the latest generation of computer models and finds several notable differences from older models. For example, the Northern Hemisphere circulation has expanded northward at a greater rate in recent decades than would be expected from increasing greenhouse gases alone.
Yufei Zou, Yuhang Wang, Zuowei Xie, Hailong Wang, and Philip J. Rasch
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 4999–5017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-4999-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-4999-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We analyze the relationship between winter air stagnation and pollution extremes over eastern China and preceding Arctic sea ice loss based on climate modeling and dynamic diagnoses. We find significant increases in both the probability and intensity of air stagnation extremes in the modeling result driven by regional sea ice and sea surface temperature changes over the Pacific sector of the Arctic. We reveal the considerable impact of the Arctic climate change on mid-latitude weather extremes.
Dan Li, Bärbel Vogel, Rolf Müller, Jianchun Bian, Gebhard Günther, Felix Ploeger, Qian Li, Jinqiang Zhang, Zhixuan Bai, Holger Vömel, and Martin Riese
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 4133–4152, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-4133-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-4133-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Low ozone and low water vapour signatures in the UTLS were investigated using balloon-borne measurements and trajectory calculations. The results show that deep convection in tropical cyclones over the western Pacific transports boundary air parcels with low ozone into the tropopause region. Subsequently, these air parcels are dehydrated when passing the lowest temperature region (< 190 K) during quasi-horizontal advection.
Cited articles
ABS – Australian Bureau of Statistics: Population Projections, Australia,
2012 to 2101, Government of Australia, Canberra, 2013.
ABS – Australian Bureau of Statistics: Regional population growth,
Australia, 2014–15: estimated resident population – greater capital city
statistical areas, Government of Australia, Canberra, 2016.
Attiwill, P. M. and Adams, M. A.: Mega-fires, inquiries and politics in the
eucalypt forests of Victoria, south-eastern Australia, Forest Ecol. Manag.,
294, 45–53, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2012.09.015,
2013.
Bradstock, R., Penman, T., Boer, M., Price, O., and Clarke, H.: Divergent
responses of fire to recent warming and drying across south-eastern
Australia, Glob. Change Biol., 20, 1412–1428, 10.1111/gcb.12449, 2014.
Broome, R. A., Johnstone, F. H., Horsley, J., and Morgan, G. G.: A rapid
assessment of the impact of hazard reduction burning around Sydney, May 2016,
Med. J. Aust., 205, 407–408, https://doi.org/10.5694/mja16.00895, 2016.
Bureau of Meteorology: Climate Data Online, available at: http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/data/index.shtml?bookmark=201 (last access: 29 November 2016), 2005–2016.
Carslaw, D. C. and Ropkins, K.: openair – An R package for air quality data
analysis, Environ. Model. Softw., 27–28, 52–61,
10.1016/j.envsoft.2011.09.008, 2012.
Cohen, A. J., Ross Anderson, H., Ostro, B., Pandey, K. D., Krzyzanowski, M.,
Künzli, N., Gutschmidt, K., Pope, A., Romieu, I., Samet, J. M., and
Smith, K.: The Global Burden of Disease Due to Outdoor Air Pollution, Jpn. J.
Tox. Env. Health, 68, 1301–1307, https://doi.org/10.1080/15287390590936166, 2005.
Cope, M. E., Keywood, M. D., Emmerson, K., Galbally, I., Boast, K., Chambers,
S., Cheng, M., Crumeyrolle, S., Dunne, E., Fedele, R., Gillett, R.,
Griffiths, A., Harnwell, J., Katzfey, J., Hess, D., Lawson, S., Milijevic,
B., Molloy, S., Powell, J., Reisen, F., Ristovski, Z., Selleck, P., Ward, J.,
Zhang, C., and Zeng, J.: Sydney particle study – Stage II, The Centre for
Australian Weather and Climate Research, 151 pp., 2014.
Dai, A. G.: Increasing drought under global warming in observations and
models, Nat. Clim. Change, 3, 52–58, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1633, 2013.
Du, C. L., Liu, S. Y., Yu, X., Li, X. M., Chen, C., Peng, Y., Dong, Y., Dong,
Z. P., and Wang, F. Q.: Urban Boundary Layer Height Characteristics and
Relationship with Particulate Matter Mass Concentrations in Xi'an, Central
China, Aerosol Air Qual. Res., 13, 1598–1607, https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2012.10.0274,
2013.
Dutta, R., Das, A., and Aryal, J.: Big data integration shows Australian
bush-fire frequency is increasing significantly, Roy. Soc. Open Sci., 3,
150241, https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.150241, 2016.
EPA – Environment Protection Authority: New South Wales State of the
Environment 2015, EPA20150817, EPA, 240 pp., 2015.
Fernandes, P. M. and Botelho, H. S.: A review of prescribed burning
effectiveness in fire hazard reduction, Int. J. Wildland Fire, 12, 117–128,
https://doi.org/10.1071/wf02042, 2003.
Flannigan, M., Cantin, A. S., de Groot, W. J., Wotton, M., Newbery, A., and
Gowman, L. M.: Global wildland fire season severity in the 21st century,
Forest Ecol. Manag., 294, 54–61, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2012.10.022, 2013.
Haikerwal, A., Akram, M., Sim, M. R., Meyer, M., Abramson, M. J., and
Dennekamp, M.: Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure during a
prolonged wildfire period and emergency department visits for asthma,
Respirology, 21, 88–94, https://doi.org/10.1111/resp.12613, 2016.
Hart, M., De Dear, R., and Hyde, R.: A synoptic climatology of tropospheric
ozone episodes in Sydney, Australia, Int. J. Climatol., 26, 1635–1649,
https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.1332, 2006.
Hastie, T. J. and Tibshirani, R. J.: Generalized Additive Models, Taylor &
Francis, 1990.
Hyde, R., Malfroy, H. R., Heggie, A. C., and Hawke, G. S.: The western basin experiment. A study of nocturnal drainage flows in the Sydney basin and their implications for future planning,
Report to the NSW State Pollution Control Commission, School of Earth Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney Australia, 1980.
Jalaludin, B., Morgan, G., Lincoln, D., Sheppeard, V., Simpson, R., and
Corbett, S.: Associations between ambient air pollution and daily emergency
department attendances for cardiovascular disease in the elderly
(65+years), Sydney, Australia, J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol., 16,
225–237, https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.jea.7500451, 2006.
Jalaludin, B., Khalaj, B., Sheppeard, V., and Morgan, G.: Air pollution and
ED visits for asthma in Australian children: a case-crossover analysis, Int.
Arch. Occup. Environ. Health, 81, 967–974, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-007-0290-0,
2008.
Jiang, N., Betts, A., and Riley, M.: Summarising climate and air quality
(ozone) data on self-organising maps: a Sydney case study, Environ. Monit.
Assess., 188, 103 pp., https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-016-5113-x, 2016a.
Jiang, N., Scorgie, Y., Hart, M., Riley, M. L., Crawford, J., Beggs, P. J.,
Edwards, G. C., Chang, L., Salter, D., and Di Virgilio, G.: Visualising the
relationships between synoptic circulation type and air quality in Sydney, a
subtropical coastal-basin environment, Int. J. Climatol., 37, 1211–1228,
https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.4770, 2016b.
Johnston, F., Hanigan, I., Henderson, S., Morgan, G., and Bowman, D.: Extreme
air pollution events from bushfires and dust storms and their association
with mortality in Sydney, Australia 1994–2007, Environ. Res., 111, 811–816,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2011.05.007, 2011.
Johnston, F., Purdie, S., Jalaludin, B., Martin, K. L., Henderson, S. B., and
Morgan, G. G.: Air pollution events from forest fires and emergency
department attendances in Sydney, Australia 1996–2007: a case-crossover
analysis, Environ. Health, 13, 1–9, https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-069x-13-105, 2014.
Keywood, M., Kanakidou, M., Stohl, A., Dentener, F., Grassi, G., Meyer, C.
P., Torseth, K., Edwards, D., Thompson, A. M., Lohmann, U., and Burrows, J.:
Fire in the Air: Biomass Burning Impacts in a Changing Climate, Crit. Rev.
Env. Contr., 43, 40–83, https://doi.org/10.1080/10643389.2011.604248, 2013.
Lai, L. W.: Fine particulate matter events associated with synoptic weather
patterns, long-range transport paths and mixing height in the Taipei Basin,
Taiwan, Atmos. Environ., 113, 50–62, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.04.052,
2015.
Lawrence, M. G.: The Relationship between Relative Humidity and the Dewpoint
Temperature in Moist Air: A Simple Conversion and Applications, B. Am.
Meteorol. Soc., 86, 225–233, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-86-2-225, 2005.
Liu, Y. Q., Goodrick, S., Achtemeier, G., Jackson, W. A., Qu, J. J., and
Wang, W. T.: Smoke incursions into urban areas: simulation of a Georgia
prescribed burn, Int. J. Wildland Fire, 18, 336–348, https://doi.org/10.1071/wf08082,
2009.
Lu, R. and Turco, R. P.: Air pollutant transport in a coastal environment, 2.
3-Dimensional simulations over Los-Angeles Basin, Atmos. Environ., 29,
1499–1518, https://doi.org/10.1016/1352-2310(95)00015-q, 1995.
Luo, L. F., Tang, Y., Zhong, S. Y., Bian, X. D., and Heilman, W. E.: Will
Future Climate Favor More Erratic Wildfires in the Western United States?, J.
Appl. Meteorol. Climatol., 52, 2410–2417, https://doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-12-0317.1,
2013.
Miao, Y., Hu, X.-M., Liu, S., Qian, T., Xue, M., Zheng, Y., and Wang, S.:
Seasonal variation of local atmospheric circulations and boundary layer
structure in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and implications for air
quality, J. Adv. Model Earth Sy., 7, 1602–1626, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015MS000522,
2015.
Morgan, G., Sheppeard, V., Khalaj, B., Ayyar, A., Lincoln, D., Jalaludin, B.,
Beard, J., Corbett, S., and Lumley, T.: Effects of Bushfire Smoke on Daily
Mortality and Hospital Admissions in Sydney, Australia, Epidemiology, 21,
47–55, https://doi.org/10.1097/EDE.0b013e3181c15d5a, 2010.
Naeher, L. P., Brauer, M., Lipsett, M., Zelikoff, J. T., Simpson, C. D.,
Koenig, J. Q., and Smith, K. R.: Woodsmoke Health Effects: A Review, Inhal.
Toxicol., 19, 67–106, https://doi.org/10.1080/08958370600985875, 2007.
New South Wales Office of Environment and Heritage: Hourly averages for all criterion pollutants and meteorology variables, available at: http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/AQMS/search.htm (last access: 29 November 2016),
2005–2016.
New South Wales Rural Fire Service: Historical Hazard Reduction Burns, available at: https://www.rfs.nsw.gov.au/resources/access-to-information (last access: 28 November
2016), 2005–2016.
NSW Government: Consutlation paper: clean air for New South Wales. New South
Wales Environment Protection Authority and Office of Environment and
Heritage, Sydney, Australia, 2016.
NSW Government: Clean air for NSW: Air quality in NSW, Office of Environment
and Heritage, Sydney, Australia, 2017a.
NSW Government: Clean air for NSW: Clear air metric, Office of Environment
and Heritage, Sydney, Australia, 2017b.
OEH – Office of Environment and Heritage.: New South Wales climate change
snapshot, New South Wales State Government, Sydney, 2014.
OEH – Office of Environment and Heritage: Towards Cleaner Air: New South
Wales Air Quality Statement 2016, New South Wales State Government, Sydney,
2016.
Pal, S., Lee, T. R., Phelps, S., and De Wekker, S. F. J.: Impact of
atmospheric boundary layer depth variability and wind reversal on the diurnal
variability of aerosol concentration at a valley site, Sci. Total Environ.,
496, 424–434, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.07.067, 2014.
Pearce, J. L., Rathbun, S., Achtemeier, G., and Naeher, L. P.: Effect of
distance, meteorology, and burn attributes on ground-level particulate matter
emissions from prescribed fires, Atmos. Environ., 56, 203–211,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.02.056, 2012.
Pinheiro, J., Bates, D., DebRoy, S., Sarkar, D., and R Core Team.: nlme:
Linear and Nonlinear Mixed Effects Models, R package version 3.1-131,
available at: https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=nlme, 2017.
Plucinski, M. P. and Cruz, M. G.: Evaluation of the Prescribed Burn Forecast Tool. CSIRO client report No EP155001, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Canberra, Australia, 2015.
Price, O. F., Williamson, G. J., Henderson, S. B., Johnston, F., and Bowman,
D.: The Relationship between Particulate Pollution Levels in Australian
Cities, Meteorology, and Landscape Fire Activity Detected from MODIS
Hotspots, PloS one, 7, e47327, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0047327, 2012.
Raaschou-Nielsen, O., Andersen, Z. J., Beelen, R., Samoli, E., Stafoggia, M.,
Weinmayr, G., Hoffmann, B., Fischer, P., Nieuwenhuijsen, M. J., Brunekreef,
B., Xun, W. W., Katsouyanni, K., Dimakopoulou, K., Sommar, J., Forsberg, B.,
Modig, L., Oudin, A., Oftedal, B., Schwarze, P. E., Nafstad, P., De Faire,
U., Pedersen, N. L., Östenson, C.-G., Fratiglioni, L., Penell, J., Korek,
M., Pershagen, G., Eriksen, K. T., Sørensen, M., Tjønneland, A.,
Ellermann, T., Eeftens, M., Peeters, P. H., Meliefste, K., Wang, M.,
Bueno-de-Mesquita, B., Key, T. J., de Hoogh, K., Concin, H., Nagel, G.,
Vilier, A., Grioni, S., Krogh, V., Tsai, M.-Y., Ricceri, F., Sacerdote, C.,
Galassi, C., Migliore, E., Ranzi, A., Cesaroni, G., Badaloni, C., Forastiere,
F., Tamayo, I., Amiano, P., Dorronsoro, M., Trichopoulou, A., Bamia, C.,
Vineis, P., and Hoek, G.: Air pollution and lung cancer incidence in 17
European cohorts: prospective analyses from the European Study of Cohorts for
Air Pollution Effects (ESCAPE), The Lancet Oncology, 14, 813–822,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(13)70279-1, 2013.
R Development Core Team: R: A language and environment for statistical
computing, R Foundation for Statistical Computing, 2015.
RFS – Rural Fire Service: NSW RFS Annual Report 2014/15, State of New South
Wales, Sydney, Australia, 2015.
Seidel, D. J., Ao, C. O., and Li, K.: Estimating climatological planetary
boundary layer heights from radiosonde observations: Comparison of methods
and uncertainty analysis, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 115, D16113,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2009jd013680, 2010.
Sun, Y., Du, W., Wang, Q., Zhang, Q., Chen, C., Chen, Y., Chen, Z., Fu, P.,
Wang, Z., Gao, Z., and Worsnop, D. R.: Real-Time Characterization of Aerosol
Particle Composition above the Urban Canopy in Beijing: Insights into the
Interactions between the Atmospheric Boundary Layer and Aerosol Chemistry,
Environ. Sci. Technol., 49, 11340–11347, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b02373, 2015.
Turner, D. B.: A Diffusion Model for an Urban Area, J. Appl. Meteorol., 3,
83–91, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1964)003<0083:ADMFAU>2.0.CO;2, 1964.
Weise, D. R., Johnson, T. J., and Reardon, J.: Particulate and trace gas
emissions from prescribed burns in southeastern US fuel types: Summary of a
5-year project, Fire Saf. J., 74, 71–81, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2015.02.016,
2015.
Westerling, A. L.: Increasing western US forest wildfire activity:
sensitivity to changes in the timing of spring, Philos. T. Roy. Soc. B, 371,
20150178, https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0178, 2016.
Westerling, A. L., Hidalgo, H. G., Cayan, D. R., and Swetnam, T. W.: Warming
and Earlier Spring Increase Western U.S. Forest Wildfire Activity, Science,
313, 940–943, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1128834, 2006.
Wood, S. N.: Generalized Additive Models: An Introduction with R, Chapman and
Hall/CRC, London/Boca Raton, FL, 2006.
Wood, S. N.: Fast stable restricted maximum likelihood and marginal
likelihood estimation of semiparametric generalized linear models, J. R.
Stat. Soc. B, 73, 3–36, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9868.2010.00749.x, 2011.
Zuur, A. F., Ieno, E. N., and Elphick, C. S.: A protocol for data exploration
to avoid common statistical problems, Methods Ecol. Evol., 1, 3–14,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-210X.2009.00001.x, 2010.
Short summary
Hazard reduction burns (HRBs) may prevent wildfires, but both generate PM2.5 air pollution. We identify the meteorological factors linked to high PM2.5 pollution & assess how they differ between HRB days with low vs. high PM2.5. Boundary layer, cloud cover, temperature & wind speed strongly influence PM2.5, with these factors being more variable & higher in magnitude during mornings & evenings of HRB days when PM2.5 remains low, indicating how HRB timing can be altered to reduce air pollution.
Hazard reduction burns (HRBs) may prevent wildfires, but both generate PM2.5 air pollution. We...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint