Articles | Volume 22, issue 7
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5071-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5071-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
14 Apr 2022
Research article |
| 14 Apr 2022
| 14 Apr 2022
A novel method of identifying and analysing oil smoke plumes based on MODIS and CALIPSO satellite data
Alexandru Mereuţă
Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai
University, Cluj-Napoca, 400294, Romania
Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai
University, Cluj-Napoca, 400294, Romania
Andrei T. Radovici
Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai
University, Cluj-Napoca, 400294, Romania
Nikolaos Papagiannopoulos
Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Metodologie per
l'Analisi Ambientale (CNR-IMAA), C. da S. Loja, Tito Scalo (PZ), 85050, Italy
Lucia T. Deaconu
Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai
University, Cluj-Napoca, 400294, Romania
Camelia S. Botezan
Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai
University, Cluj-Napoca, 400294, Romania
Horaţiu I. Ştefănie
Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai
University, Cluj-Napoca, 400294, Romania
Institute of Geophysics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw,
Warsaw, Poland
Doina Nicolae
National Institute of R&D for Optoelectronics (INOE), Magurele,
Romania
Alexandru Ozunu
Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai
University, Cluj-Napoca, 400294, Romania
Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Disaster Management
Training and Education Centre (DIMTEC), University of the Free State,
Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
Related authors
Foteini Stavropoulou, Katarina Vinković, Bert Kers, Marcel de Vries, Steven van Heuven, Piotr Korbeń, Martina Schmidt, Julia Wietzel, Pawel Jagoda, Jaroslav M. Necki, Jakub Bartyzel, Hossein Maazallahi, Malika Menoud, Carina van der Veen, Sylvia Walter, Béla Tuzson, Jonas Ravelid, Randulph Paulo Morales, Lukas Emmenegger, Dominik Brunner, Michael Steiner, Arjan Hensen, Ilona Velzeboer, Pim van den Bulk, Hugo Denier van der Gon, Antonio Delre, Maklawe Essonanawe Edjabou, Charlotte Scheutz, Marius Corbu, Sebastian Iancu, Denisa Moaca, Alin Scarlat, Alexandru Tudor, Ioana Vizireanu, Andreea Calcan, Magdalena Ardelean, Sorin Ghemulet, Alexandru Pana, Aurel Constantinescu, Lucian Cusa, Alexandru Nica, Calin Baciu, Cristian Pop, Andrei Radovici, Alexandru Mereuta, Horatiu Stefanie, Alexandru Dandocsi, Bas Hermans, Stefan Schwietzke, Daniel Zavala-Araiza, Huilin Chen, and Thomas Röckmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 10399–10412, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10399-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10399-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we quantify CH4 emissions from onshore oil production sites in Romania at source and facility level using a combination of ground- and drone-based measurement techniques. We show that the total CH4 emissions in our studied areas are much higher than the emissions reported to UNFCCC, and up to three-quarters of the detected emissions are related to operational venting. Our results suggest that oil and gas production infrastructure in Romania holds a massive mitigation potential.
Camelia Talianu, Jeni Vasilescu, Doina Nicolae, Alexandru Ilie, Andrei Dandocsi, Anca Nemuc, and Livio Belegante
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2930, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2930, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Bucharest, Romania's capital, has successfully used mobile measurements and mixed-effects LUR models to derive seasonal maps of near-surface PM10, NO2, and UFP. The data was collected during two intensive campaigns, covering high-traffic streets, residential, industrial, and commercial districts. The model's performance was evaluated, demonstrating its potential for high-resolution mapping in other cities with well-characterized urban structures and diverse in situ monitoring stations.
Teresa Laurita, Alessandro Mauceri, Francesco Cardellicchio, Emilio Lapenna, Benedetto De Rosa, Serena Trippetta, Michail Mytilinaios, Davide Amodio, Aldo Giunta, Ermann Ripepi, Canio Colangelo, Nikolaos Papagiannopoulos, Francesca Morrongiello, Claudio Dema, Simone Gagliardi, Carmela Cornacchia, Rosa Maria Petracca Altieri, Aldo Amodeo, Marco Rosoldi, Donato Summa, Gelsomina Pappalardo, and Lucia Mona
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2024-57, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2024-57, 2024
Revised manuscript under review for AMT
Short summary
Short summary
This paper provides an overview of the CIAO Observatory in South Italy, focusing on the upgrade of its aerosol in-situ laboratory compliant with ACTRIS standard operating procedures. The aim is to provide the aerosol research community with technical details and practical guidance for establishing an in-situ aerosol observational site. The paper also discusses the importance of combinig in-situ and remote sensing measurements for a comprehensive understanding of atmosphetic processes.
Alexandra Tsekeri, Anna Gialitaki, Marco Di Paolantonio, Davide Dionisi, Gian Luigi Liberti, Alnilam Fernandes, Artur Szkop, Aleksander Pietruczuk, Daniel Pérez-Ramírez, Maria J. Granados Muñoz, Juan Luis Guerrero-Rascado, Lucas Alados-Arboledas, Diego Bermejo Pantaleón, Juan Antonio Bravo-Aranda, Anna Kampouri, Eleni Marinou, Vassilis Amiridis, Michael Sicard, Adolfo Comerón, Constantino Muñoz-Porcar, Alejandro Rodríguez-Gómez, Salvatore Romano, Maria Rita Perrone, Xiaoxia Shang, Mika Komppula, Rodanthi-Elisavet Mamouri, Argyro Nisantzi, Diofantos Hadjimitsis, Francisco Navas-Guzmán, Alexander Haefele, Dominika Szczepanik, Artur Tomczak, Iwona S. Stachlewska, Livio Belegante, Doina Nicolae, Kalliopi Artemis Voudouri, Dimitris Balis, Athena A. Floutsi, Holger Baars, Linda Miladi, Nicolas Pascal, Oleg Dubovik, and Anton Lopatin
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 6025–6050, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-6025-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-6025-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
EARLINET/ACTRIS organized an intensive observational campaign in May 2020, with the objective of monitoring the atmospheric state over Europe during the COVID-19 lockdown and relaxation period. The work presented herein focuses on deriving a common methodology for applying a synergistic retrieval that utilizes the network's ground-based passive and active remote sensing measurements and deriving the aerosols from anthropogenic activities over Europe.
Foteini Stavropoulou, Katarina Vinković, Bert Kers, Marcel de Vries, Steven van Heuven, Piotr Korbeń, Martina Schmidt, Julia Wietzel, Pawel Jagoda, Jaroslav M. Necki, Jakub Bartyzel, Hossein Maazallahi, Malika Menoud, Carina van der Veen, Sylvia Walter, Béla Tuzson, Jonas Ravelid, Randulph Paulo Morales, Lukas Emmenegger, Dominik Brunner, Michael Steiner, Arjan Hensen, Ilona Velzeboer, Pim van den Bulk, Hugo Denier van der Gon, Antonio Delre, Maklawe Essonanawe Edjabou, Charlotte Scheutz, Marius Corbu, Sebastian Iancu, Denisa Moaca, Alin Scarlat, Alexandru Tudor, Ioana Vizireanu, Andreea Calcan, Magdalena Ardelean, Sorin Ghemulet, Alexandru Pana, Aurel Constantinescu, Lucian Cusa, Alexandru Nica, Calin Baciu, Cristian Pop, Andrei Radovici, Alexandru Mereuta, Horatiu Stefanie, Alexandru Dandocsi, Bas Hermans, Stefan Schwietzke, Daniel Zavala-Araiza, Huilin Chen, and Thomas Röckmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 10399–10412, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10399-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10399-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we quantify CH4 emissions from onshore oil production sites in Romania at source and facility level using a combination of ground- and drone-based measurement techniques. We show that the total CH4 emissions in our studied areas are much higher than the emissions reported to UNFCCC, and up to three-quarters of the detected emissions are related to operational venting. Our results suggest that oil and gas production infrastructure in Romania holds a massive mitigation potential.
Leighton A. Regayre, Lucia Deaconu, Daniel P. Grosvenor, David M. H. Sexton, Christopher Symonds, Tom Langton, Duncan Watson-Paris, Jane P. Mulcahy, Kirsty J. Pringle, Mark Richardson, Jill S. Johnson, John W. Rostron, Hamish Gordon, Grenville Lister, Philip Stier, and Ken S. Carslaw
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8749–8768, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8749-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8749-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol forcing of Earth’s energy balance has persisted as a major cause of uncertainty in climate simulations over generations of climate model development. We show that structural deficiencies in a climate model are exposed by comprehensively exploring parametric uncertainty and that these deficiencies limit how much the model uncertainty can be reduced through observational constraint. This provides a future pathway towards building models with greater physical realism and lower uncertainty.
Konstantinos Michailidis, Maria-Elissavet Koukouli, Dimitris Balis, J. Pepijn Veefkind, Martin de Graaf, Lucia Mona, Nikolaos Papagianopoulos, Gesolmina Pappalardo, Ioanna Tsikoudi, Vassilis Amiridis, Eleni Marinou, Anna Gialitaki, Rodanthi-Elisavet Mamouri, Argyro Nisantzi, Daniele Bortoli, Maria João Costa, Vanda Salgueiro, Alexandros Papayannis, Maria Mylonaki, Lucas Alados-Arboledas, Salvatore Romano, Maria Rita Perrone, and Holger Baars
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 1919–1940, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1919-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1919-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Comparisons with ground-based correlative lidar measurements constitute a key component in the validation of satellite aerosol products. This paper presents the validation of the TROPOMI aerosol layer height (ALH) product, using archived quality assured ground-based data from lidar stations that belong to the EARLINET network. Comparisons between the TROPOMI ALH and co-located EARLINET measurements show good agreement over the ocean.
Leighton A. Regayre, Lucia Deaconu, Daniel P. Grosvenor, David Sexton, Christopher C. Symonds, Tom Langton, Duncan Watson-Paris, Jane P. Mulcahy, Kirsty J. Pringle, Mark Richardson, Jill S. Johnson, John Rostron, Hamish Gordon, Grenville Lister, Philip Stier, and Ken S. Carslaw
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-1330, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-1330, 2022
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
We show that potential structural deficiencies in a climate model can be exposed by comprehensively exploring its parametric uncertainty, and that these deficiencies limit how much the model uncertainty can be reduced through observational constraint. Combined consideration of parametric and structural uncertainties provides a future pathway towards building models that have greater physical realism and lower uncertainty.
Haochi Che, Philip Stier, Duncan Watson-Parris, Hamish Gordon, and Lucia Deaconu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 10789–10807, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10789-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10789-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Extensive stratocumulus clouds over the south-eastern Atlantic (SEA) can lead to a cooling effect on the climate. A key pathway by which aerosols affect cloud properties is by acting as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). Here, we investigated the source attribution of CCN in the SEA as well as the cloud responses. Our results show that aerosol nucleation contributes most to CCN in the marine boundary layer. In terms of emissions, anthropogenic sources contribute most to the CCN and cloud droplets.
Duncan Watson-Parris, Andrew Williams, Lucia Deaconu, and Philip Stier
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 7659–7672, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-7659-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-7659-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The Earth System Emulator (ESEm) provides a fast and flexible framework for emulating a wide variety of Earth science datasets and tools for constraining (or tuning) models of any complexity. Three distinct use cases are presented that demonstrate the utility of ESEm and provide some insight into the use of machine learning for emulation in these different settings. The open-source Python package is freely available so that it might become a valuable tool for the community.
Hugues Brenot, Nicolas Theys, Lieven Clarisse, Jeroen van Gent, Daniel R. Hurtmans, Sophie Vandenbussche, Nikolaos Papagiannopoulos, Lucia Mona, Timo Virtanen, Andreas Uppstu, Mikhail Sofiev, Luca Bugliaro, Margarita Vázquez-Navarro, Pascal Hedelt, Michelle Maree Parks, Sara Barsotti, Mauro Coltelli, William Moreland, Simona Scollo, Giuseppe Salerno, Delia Arnold-Arias, Marcus Hirtl, Tuomas Peltonen, Juhani Lahtinen, Klaus Sievers, Florian Lipok, Rolf Rüfenacht, Alexander Haefele, Maxime Hervo, Saskia Wagenaar, Wim Som de Cerff, Jos de Laat, Arnoud Apituley, Piet Stammes, Quentin Laffineur, Andy Delcloo, Robertson Lennart, Carl-Herbert Rokitansky, Arturo Vargas, Markus Kerschbaum, Christian Resch, Raimund Zopp, Matthieu Plu, Vincent-Henri Peuch, Michel Van Roozendael, and Gerhard Wotawa
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 3367–3405, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-3367-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-3367-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The purpose of the EUNADICS-AV (European Natural Airborne Disaster Information and Coordination System for Aviation) prototype early warning system (EWS) is to develop the combined use of harmonised data products from satellite, ground-based and in situ instruments to produce alerts of airborne hazards (volcanic, dust, smoke and radionuclide clouds), satisfying the requirement of aviation air traffic management (ATM) stakeholders (https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/723986).
Mariana Adam, Iwona S. Stachlewska, Lucia Mona, Nikolaos Papagiannopoulos, Juan Antonio Bravo-Aranda, Michaël Sicard, Doina N. Nicolae, Livio Belegante, Lucja Janicka, Dominika Szczepanik, Maria Mylonaki, Christina-Anna Papanikolaou, Nikolaos Siomos, Kalliopi Artemis Voudouri, Luca Alados-Arboledas, Arnoud Apituley, Ina Mattis, Anatoli Chaikovsky, Constantino Muñoz-Porcar, Aleksander Pietruczuk, Daniele Bortoli, Holger Baars, Ivan Grigorov, and Zahary Peshev
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-759, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-759, 2021
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
Results over 10 years of biomass burning events measured by EARLINET are analysed by means of the intensive parameters, based on the methodology described in Part I. Smoke type is characterized for each of the four geographical regions based on continental smoke origin. Relationships between intensive parameters or colour ratios are shown. The smoke is labelled in average as aged smoke.
Maria Mylonaki, Elina Giannakaki, Alexandros Papayannis, Christina-Anna Papanikolaou, Mika Komppula, Doina Nicolae, Nikolaos Papagiannopoulos, Aldo Amodeo, Holger Baars, and Ourania Soupiona
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 2211–2227, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2211-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2211-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We introduce an automated aerosol type classification method, SCAN. The output of SCAN is compared with two aerosol classification methods: (1) the Mahalanobis distance automatic aerosol type classification and (2) a neural network aerosol typing algorithm. A total of 97 free tropospheric aerosol layers from four EARLINET stations in the period 2014–2018 were classified.
Haochi Che, Philip Stier, Hamish Gordon, Duncan Watson-Parris, and Lucia Deaconu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 17–33, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The south-eastern Atlantic is semi-permanently covered by some of the largest stratocumulus clouds and is influenced by one-third of the biomass burning emissions from African fires. A UKEMS1 model simulation shows that the absorption effect of biomass burning aerosols is the most significant on clouds and radiation. The dominate cooling and rapid adjustments induced by the radiative effects of biomass burning aerosols result in an overall cooling in the south-eastern Atlantic.
Ourania Soupiona, Alexandros Papayannis, Panagiotis Kokkalis, Romanos Foskinis, Guadalupe Sánchez Hernández, Pablo Ortiz-Amezcua, Maria Mylonaki, Christina-Anna Papanikolaou, Nikolaos Papagiannopoulos, Stefanos Samaras, Silke Groß, Rodanthi-Elisavet Mamouri, Lucas Alados-Arboledas, Aldo Amodeo, and Basil Psiloglou
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 15147–15166, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-15147-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-15147-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
51 dust events over the Mediterranean from EARLINET were studied regarding the aerosol geometrical, optical and microphysical properties and radiative forcing. We found δp532 values of 0.24–0.28, LR532 values of 49–52 sr and AOT532 of 0.11–0.40. The aerosol mixing state was also examined. Depending on the dust properties, intensity and solar zenith angle, the estimated solar radiative forcing ranged from −59 to −22 W m−2 at the surface and from −24 to −1 W m−2 at the TOA (cooling effect).
Mariana Adam, Doina Nicolae, Iwona S. Stachlewska, Alexandros Papayannis, and Dimitris Balis
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 13905–13927, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-13905-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-13905-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Biomass burning events measured by EARLINET are analysed using intensive parameters. The pollution layers are labelled smoke layers if fires were found along the air-mass back trajectory. The number of contributing fires to the smoke measurements is quantified. It is shown that most of the time we measure mixed smoke. The methodology provides three research directions: fires measured by several stations, long-range transport from N. America, and an analysis function of continental sources.
Alexis Merlaud, Livio Belegante, Daniel-Eduard Constantin, Mirjam Den Hoed, Andreas Carlos Meier, Marc Allaart, Magdalena Ardelean, Maxim Arseni, Tim Bösch, Hugues Brenot, Andreea Calcan, Emmanuel Dekemper, Sebastian Donner, Steffen Dörner, Mariana Carmelia Balanica Dragomir, Lucian Georgescu, Anca Nemuc, Doina Nicolae, Gaia Pinardi, Andreas Richter, Adrian Rosu, Thomas Ruhtz, Anja Schönhardt, Dirk Schuettemeyer, Reza Shaiganfar, Kerstin Stebel, Frederik Tack, Sorin Nicolae Vâjâiac, Jeni Vasilescu, Jurgen Vanhamel, Thomas Wagner, and Michel Van Roozendael
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 5513–5535, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-5513-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-5513-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The AROMAT campaigns took place in Romania in 2014 and 2015. They aimed to test airborne observation systems dedicated to air quality studies and to verify the concept of such campaigns in support of the validation of space-borne atmospheric missions. We show that airborne measurements of NO2 can be valuable for the validation of air quality satellites. For H2CO and SO2, the validation should involve ground-based measurement systems at key locations that the AROMAT measurements help identify.
Nikolaos Papagiannopoulos, Giuseppe D'Amico, Anna Gialitaki, Nicolae Ajtai, Lucas Alados-Arboledas, Aldo Amodeo, Vassilis Amiridis, Holger Baars, Dimitris Balis, Ioannis Binietoglou, Adolfo Comerón, Davide Dionisi, Alfredo Falconieri, Patrick Fréville, Anna Kampouri, Ina Mattis, Zoran Mijić, Francisco Molero, Alex Papayannis, Gelsomina Pappalardo, Alejandro Rodríguez-Gómez, Stavros Solomos, and Lucia Mona
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 10775–10789, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-10775-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-10775-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Volcanic and desert dust particles affect human activities in manifold ways; consequently, mitigation tools are important. Their early detection and the issuance of early warnings are key elements in the initiation of operational response procedures. A methodology for the early warning of these hazards using European Aerosol Research Lidar Network (EARLINET) data is presented. The tailored product is investigated during a volcanic eruption and mineral dust advected in the eastern Mediterranean.
Mariana Adam, Doina Nicolae, Livio Belegante, Iwona S. Stachlewska, Lucja Janicka, Dominika Szczepanik, Maria Mylonaki, Christiana Anna Papanikolaou, Nikos Siomos, Kalliopi Artemis Voudouri, Luca Alados-Arboledas, Juan Antonio Bravo-Aranda, Arnoud Apituley, Nikolaos Papagiannopoulos, Lucia Mona, Ina Mattis, Anatoli Chaikovsky, Michaël Sicard, Constantino Muñoz-Porcar, Aleksander Pietruczuk, Daniele Bortoli, Holger Baars, Ivan Grigorov, and Zahary Peshev
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2020-647, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2020-647, 2020
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
Results over 10 years of biomass burning events measured by EARLINET are analysed by means of the intensive parameters based on the methodology described in Part I. Smoke type is characterized for each of the four geographical regions based on continental smoke origin. Relationships between intensive parameters or colour ratios are shown. The smoke is labelled in average as aged smoke. The local smoke has a smaller lidar ratio while the depolarization is smaller for long range transported smoke.
Marcus Hirtl, Delia Arnold, Rocio Baro, Hugues Brenot, Mauro Coltelli, Kurt Eschbacher, Helmut Hard-Stremayer, Florian Lipok, Christian Maurer, Dieter Meinhard, Lucia Mona, Marie D. Mulder, Nikolaos Papagiannopoulos, Michael Pernsteiner, Matthieu Plu, Lennart Robertson, Carl-Herbert Rokitansky, Barbara Scherllin-Pirscher, Klaus Sievers, Mikhail Sofiev, Wim Som de Cerff, Martin Steinheimer, Martin Stuefer, Nicolas Theys, Andreas Uppstu, Saskia Wagenaar, Roland Winkler, Gerhard Wotawa, Fritz Zobl, and Raimund Zopp
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 1719–1739, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-1719-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-1719-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The paper summarizes the set-up and outcome of a volcanic-hazard demonstration exercise, with the goals of assessing and mitigating the impacts of volcanic ash clouds on civil and military aviation. Experts in the field simulated the sequence of procedures for an artificial eruption of the Etna volcano in Italy. The scope of the exercise ranged from the detection of the assumed event to the issuance of early warnings and optimized rerouting of flights.
Holger Baars, Albert Ansmann, Kevin Ohneiser, Moritz Haarig, Ronny Engelmann, Dietrich Althausen, Ingrid Hanssen, Michael Gausa, Aleksander Pietruczuk, Artur Szkop, Iwona S. Stachlewska, Dongxiang Wang, Jens Reichardt, Annett Skupin, Ina Mattis, Thomas Trickl, Hannes Vogelmann, Francisco Navas-Guzmán, Alexander Haefele, Karen Acheson, Albert A. Ruth, Boyan Tatarov, Detlef Müller, Qiaoyun Hu, Thierry Podvin, Philippe Goloub, Igor Veselovskii, Christophe Pietras, Martial Haeffelin, Patrick Fréville, Michaël Sicard, Adolfo Comerón, Alfonso Javier Fernández García, Francisco Molero Menéndez, Carmen Córdoba-Jabonero, Juan Luis Guerrero-Rascado, Lucas Alados-Arboledas, Daniele Bortoli, Maria João Costa, Davide Dionisi, Gian Luigi Liberti, Xuan Wang, Alessia Sannino, Nikolaos Papagiannopoulos, Antonella Boselli, Lucia Mona, Giuseppe D'Amico, Salvatore Romano, Maria Rita Perrone, Livio Belegante, Doina Nicolae, Ivan Grigorov, Anna Gialitaki, Vassilis Amiridis, Ourania Soupiona, Alexandros Papayannis, Rodanthi-Elisaveth Mamouri, Argyro Nisantzi, Birgit Heese, Julian Hofer, Yoav Y. Schechner, Ulla Wandinger, and Gelsomina Pappalardo
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 15183–15198, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-15183-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-15183-2019, 2019
Maria José Granados-Muñoz, Michaël Sicard, Nikolaos Papagiannopoulos, Rubén Barragán, Juan Antonio Bravo-Aranda, and Doina Nicolae
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 13157–13173, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-13157-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-13157-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The use of satellite data is of great interest for the determination of aerosol radiative forcing at regional or even global scales, as previous studies in the literature are predominantly only valid locally. A methodology to retrieve 2-D dust radiative effects with large spatial and temporal coverage based on combined satellite data from CALIPSO, MODIS and CERES is presented and evaluated against well-established methods based on ground-based lidar measurements, obtaining quite good results.
Emmanouil Proestakis, Vassilis Amiridis, Eleni Marinou, Ioannis Binietoglou, Albert Ansmann, Ulla Wandinger, Julian Hofer, John Yorks, Edward Nowottnick, Abduvosit Makhmudov, Alexandros Papayannis, Aleksander Pietruczuk, Anna Gialitaki, Arnoud Apituley, Artur Szkop, Constantino Muñoz Porcar, Daniele Bortoli, Davide Dionisi, Dietrich Althausen, Dimitra Mamali, Dimitris Balis, Doina Nicolae, Eleni Tetoni, Gian Luigi Liberti, Holger Baars, Ina Mattis, Iwona Sylwia Stachlewska, Kalliopi Artemis Voudouri, Lucia Mona, Maria Mylonaki, Maria Rita Perrone, Maria João Costa, Michael Sicard, Nikolaos Papagiannopoulos, Nikolaos Siomos, Pasquale Burlizzi, Rebecca Pauly, Ronny Engelmann, Sabur Abdullaev, and Gelsomina Pappalardo
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 11743–11764, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-11743-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-11743-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
To increase accuracy and validate satellite-based products, comparison with ground-based reference observations is required. To do this, we present evaluation activity of EARLINET for the qualitative and quantitative assessment of NASA's CATS lidar operating aboard the International Space Station (ISS) while identified discrepancies are discussed. Better understanding CATS performance and limitations provides a valuable basis for scientific studies implementing the satellite-based lidar system.
Lucia T. Deaconu, Nicolas Ferlay, Fabien Waquet, Fanny Peers, François Thieuleux, and Philippe Goloub
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 11613–11634, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-11613-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-11613-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We analyse and quantify the effect of above-cloud aerosol (AAC) loading on the underlying cloud properties in the South Atlantic Ocean. We use a synergy of remote sensing retrievals collocated with ERA-Interim meteorological profiles. The results show that for larger loads of AACs, clouds are optically thicker, with an increase in liquid water path by 20 g m−2 and lower cloud-top altitudes. We also observe a strong covariation between the aerosol plume and the presence of water vapour.
Kalliopi Artemis Voudouri, Nikolaos Siomos, Konstantinos Michailidis, Nikolaos Papagiannopoulos, Lucia Mona, Carmela Cornacchia, Doina Nicolae, and Dimitris Balis
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 10961–10980, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-10961-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-10961-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, a first attempt at comparing and evaluating two classification tools developed within EARLINET that provide near-real-time aerosol typing information for the lidar profiles of Thessaloniki is presented. Our aim is (i) to check the performance of both supervised learning techniques in their low-resolution mode and (ii) to investigate the reasons for typing agreement and disagreement with respect to the uncertainties and the threshold criteria applied.
Konstantinos Fragkos, Bogdan Antonescu, David M. Giles, Dragoş Ene, Mihai Boldeanu, Georgios A. Efstathiou, Livio Belegante, and Doina Nicolae
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 1979–1997, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-1979-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-1979-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
In this study the quality of the total precipitable water (TPW) retrieved from the newly released AERONET version 3 algorithm is assessed, through comparison with independent measurements of the TPW from a microwave radiometer and radiosondes at a station in southeastern Europe. The findings show that there are improvements in the estimation of TPW in version 3 compared to version 2 of the algorithm.
Nikolaos Papagiannopoulos, Lucia Mona, Aldo Amodeo, Giuseppe D'Amico, Pilar Gumà Claramunt, Gelsomina Pappalardo, Lucas Alados-Arboledas, Juan Luís Guerrero-Rascado, Vassilis Amiridis, Panagiotis Kokkalis, Arnoud Apituley, Holger Baars, Anja Schwarz, Ulla Wandinger, Ioannis Binietoglou, Doina Nicolae, Daniele Bortoli, Adolfo Comerón, Alejandro Rodríguez-Gómez, Michaël Sicard, Alex Papayannis, and Matthias Wiegner
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 15879–15901, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-15879-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-15879-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
A stand-alone automatic method for typing observations of the European Aerosol Research Lidar Network (EARLINET) is presented. The method compares the observations to model distributions that were constructed using EARLINET pre-classified data. The algorithm’s versatility and adaptability makes it suitable for network-wide typing studies.
Doina Nicolae, Jeni Vasilescu, Camelia Talianu, Ioannis Binietoglou, Victor Nicolae, Simona Andrei, and Bogdan Antonescu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 14511–14537, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-14511-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-14511-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
A new aerosol typing algorithm based on artificial neural networks (ANNs) has been developed. The algorithm is providing the most probable aerosol type based on EARLINET LIDAR profiles. The ANNs used by the algorithm were trained using synthetic data, for which a new aerosol model has been developed. Blind tests on EARLINET data samples showed the capability of the algorithm to retrieve the aerosol type from a large variety of data, with different quality and physical content.
Céline Cornet, Laurent C.-Labonnote, Fabien Waquet, Frédéric Szczap, Lucia Deaconu, Frédéric Parol, Claudine Vanbauce, François Thieuleux, and Jérôme Riédi
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 3627–3643, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-3627-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-3627-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Simulations of total and polarized cloud reflectance angular signatures such as the ones measured by the multi-angular and polarized radiometer POLDER3/PARASOL are used to evaluate cloud heterogeneity effects on cloud parameter retrievals. Effects on optical thickness, albedo of the cloudy scenes, effective radius and variance of the cloud droplet size distribution, cloud top pressure and aerosol above cloud are analyzed.
Livio Belegante, Juan Antonio Bravo-Aranda, Volker Freudenthaler, Doina Nicolae, Anca Nemuc, Dragos Ene, Lucas Alados-Arboledas, Aldo Amodeo, Gelsomina Pappalardo, Giuseppe D'Amico, Francesco Amato, Ronny Engelmann, Holger Baars, Ulla Wandinger, Alexandros Papayannis, Panos Kokkalis, and Sérgio N. Pereira
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 1119–1141, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-1119-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-1119-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents different depolarization calibration procedures used to improve the quality of the depolarization data. The results illustrate a significant improvement of the depolarization lidar products for all the selected EARLINET lidar instruments. The calibrated volume and particle depolarization profiles at 532 nm show values that fall within a range that is accepted in the literature. The depolarization accuracy estimate at 532 nm is better than ±0.03 for all cases.
Alexis Merlaud, Frederik Tack, Daniel Constantin, Lucian Georgescu, Jeroen Maes, Caroline Fayt, Florin Mingireanu, Dirk Schuettemeyer, Andreas Carlos Meier, Anja Schönardt, Thomas Ruhtz, Livio Bellegante, Doina Nicolae, Mirjam Den Hoed, Marc Allaart, and Michel Van Roozendael
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 551–567, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-551-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-551-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We present SWING-UAV, an atmospheric observation system based on a compact scanning spectrometer (SWING) mounted on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). SWING-UAV was operated in the exhaust plume of a power plant in Romania in September 2014, during the AROMAT campaign. SWING quantified the NO2 emitted by the plant and the water vapour content in the boundary layer, in agreement with ancillary data. The system appears in particular promising to study emissions in rural areas.
Lucia T. Deaconu, Fabien Waquet, Damien Josset, Nicolas Ferlay, Fanny Peers, François Thieuleux, Fabrice Ducos, Nicolas Pascal, Didier Tanré, Jacques Pelon, and Philippe Goloub
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 10, 3499–3523, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-3499-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-3499-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents a comparison between active (CALIOP) and passive (POLDER) remote sensing methods, developed for retrieving aerosol above-cloud optical and microphysical properties. Main results show a good agreement when the aerosol microphysics is dominated by fine-mode particles or coarse-mode dust or when the aerosol layer is well separated from the cloud below. The paper is also focused on understanding the differences between the retrievals and the limitations of each method.
Andreas Carlos Meier, Anja Schönhardt, Tim Bösch, Andreas Richter, André Seyler, Thomas Ruhtz, Daniel-Eduard Constantin, Reza Shaiganfar, Thomas Wagner, Alexis Merlaud, Michel Van Roozendael, Livio Belegante, Doina Nicolae, Lucian Georgescu, and John Philip Burrows
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 10, 1831–1857, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-1831-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-1831-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We present airborne remote sensing measurements of NO2 in the urban area of Bucharest. NO2 is a harmful pollutant, which is emitted in combustion processes. The measurements presented here enable the creation of maps, showing the horizontal NO2 distribution across the whole city within a relatively short time window of 1.5 h. These data provide new insight into urban pollution levels and their spatial distribution.
Eleni Marinou, Vassilis Amiridis, Ioannis Binietoglou, Athanasios Tsikerdekis, Stavros Solomos, Emannouil Proestakis, Dimitra Konsta, Nikolaos Papagiannopoulos, Alexandra Tsekeri, Georgia Vlastou, Prodromos Zanis, Dimitrios Balis, Ulla Wandinger, and Albert Ansmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 5893–5919, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-5893-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-5893-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We provide a 3D multiyear analysis on the evolution of Saharan dust over Europe, using a dust product retrieved from the CALIPSO satellite and using EARLINET methods. The results reveal for the first time the 9-year 3D seasonal patterns of dust over its transport paths from the Sahara towards the Mediterranean. The dataset is unique with respect to its potential applications, including the evaluation of dust models and the estimation of ice nuclei concentration profiles from space.
María José Granados-Muñoz, Francisco Navas-Guzmán, Juan Luis Guerrero-Rascado, Juan Antonio Bravo-Aranda, Ioannis Binietoglou, Sergio Nepomuceno Pereira, Sara Basart, José María Baldasano, Livio Belegante, Anatoli Chaikovsky, Adolfo Comerón, Giuseppe D'Amico, Oleg Dubovik, Luka Ilic, Panos Kokkalis, Constantino Muñoz-Porcar, Slobodan Nickovic, Doina Nicolae, Francisco José Olmo, Alexander Papayannis, Gelsomina Pappalardo, Alejandro Rodríguez, Kerstin Schepanski, Michaël Sicard, Ana Vukovic, Ulla Wandinger, François Dulac, and Lucas Alados-Arboledas
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 7043–7066, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-7043-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-7043-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides a detailed overview of the Mediterranean region regarding aerosol microphysical properties during the ChArMEx/EMEP campaign in July 2012. An in-depth analysis of the horizontal, vertical, and temporal dimensions is performed using LIRIC, proving the algorithm's ability in automated retrieval of microphysical property profiles within a network. A validation of four dust models is included, obtaining fair good agreement, especially for the vertical distribution of the aerosol.
Anatoli Chaikovsky, Oleg Dubovik, Brent Holben, Andrey Bril, Philippe Goloub, Didier Tanré, Gelsomina Pappalardo, Ulla Wandinger, Ludmila Chaikovskaya, Sergey Denisov, Jan Grudo, Anton Lopatin, Yana Karol, Tatsiana Lapyonok, Vassilis Amiridis, Albert Ansmann, Arnoud Apituley, Lucas Allados-Arboledas, Ioannis Binietoglou, Antonella Boselli, Giuseppe D'Amico, Volker Freudenthaler, David Giles, María José Granados-Muñoz, Panayotis Kokkalis, Doina Nicolae, Sergey Oshchepkov, Alex Papayannis, Maria Rita Perrone, Alexander Pietruczuk, Francesc Rocadenbosch, Michaël Sicard, Ilya Slutsker, Camelia Talianu, Ferdinando De Tomasi, Alexandra Tsekeri, Janet Wagner, and Xuan Wang
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 1181–1205, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-1181-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-1181-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents a detailed description of LIRIC (LIdar-Radiometer Inversion Code) algorithm for simultaneous processing of coincident lidar and radiometric observations for the retrieval of the aerosol concentrations. As the lidar/radiometric input data we use measurements from European Aerosol Research Lidar Network (EARLINET) lidars and collocated sun-photometers of Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET). The LIRIC software package was implemented and tested at a number of EARLINET stations.
Ulla Wandinger, Volker Freudenthaler, Holger Baars, Aldo Amodeo, Ronny Engelmann, Ina Mattis, Silke Groß, Gelsomina Pappalardo, Aldo Giunta, Giuseppe D'Amico, Anatoli Chaikovsky, Fiodor Osipenko, Alexander Slesar, Doina Nicolae, Livio Belegante, Camelia Talianu, Ilya Serikov, Holger Linné, Friedhelm Jansen, Arnoud Apituley, Keith M. Wilson, Martin de Graaf, Thomas Trickl, Helmut Giehl, Mariana Adam, Adolfo Comerón, Constantino Muñoz-Porcar, Francesc Rocadenbosch, Michaël Sicard, Sergio Tomás, Diego Lange, Dhiraj Kumar, Manuel Pujadas, Francisco Molero, Alfonso J. Fernández, Lucas Alados-Arboledas, Juan Antonio Bravo-Aranda, Francisco Navas-Guzmán, Juan Luis Guerrero-Rascado, María José Granados-Muñoz, Jana Preißler, Frank Wagner, Michael Gausa, Ivan Grigorov, Dimitar Stoyanov, Marco Iarlori, Vincenco Rizi, Nicola Spinelli, Antonella Boselli, Xuan Wang, Teresa Lo Feudo, Maria Rita Perrone, Ferdinando De Tomasi, and Pasquale Burlizzi
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 1001–1023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-1001-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-1001-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We introduce the quality-assurance efforts of the European Aerosol Research Lidar Network (EARLINET) at instrument level. Within several campaigns, 21 EARLINET systems from 18 EARLINET stations were intercompared. A comprehensive strategy for campaign setup and data evaluation was established. The intercomparisons have reinforced our confidence in the EARLINET data quality and allowed us to draw conclusions on necessary system improvements and to identify major challenges for our future work.
Nikolaos Papagiannopoulos, Lucia Mona, Lucas Alados-Arboledas, Vassilis Amiridis, Holger Baars, Ioannis Binietoglou, Daniele Bortoli, Giuseppe D'Amico, Aldo Giunta, Juan Luis Guerrero-Rascado, Anja Schwarz, Sergio Pereira, Nicola Spinelli, Ulla Wandinger, Xuan Wang, and Gelsomina Pappalardo
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 2341–2357, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-2341-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-2341-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Satellite-derived products must undergo data evaluation with reference data sets in order to identify any possible reasons of discrepancy or to assess their representativity. In that direction, data coming from CALIPSO satellite were compared with observations from the ground. We identified a CALIPSO underestimation that could be linked to an assumption in the satellites' algorithms. The proposed correction improves the performance and could enhance aerosol modeling.
L. Belegante, J. A. Bravo-Aranda, V. Freudenthaler, D. Nicolae, A. Nemuc, L. Alados-Arboledas, A. Amodeo, G. Pappalardo, G. D’Amico, R. Engelmann, H. Baars, U. Wandinger, A. Papayannis, P. Kokkalis, and S. N. Pereira
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2015-337, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2015-337, 2016
Revised manuscript has not been submitted
Short summary
Short summary
This study aims to present techniques developed to calibrate the lidar depolarization channels.
The experimental approach of the paper is designed to present how calibration procedures are implemented. Most of the literature is focused on the theoretical perspective of the topic and practical issues usually remain an open topic. A hands on approach for the assessment of the lidar polarization sensitivity is welcomed since most of these techniques require comprehensive practical description.
M. Sicard, G. D'Amico, A. Comerón, L. Mona, L. Alados-Arboledas, A. Amodeo, H. Baars, J. M. Baldasano, L. Belegante, I. Binietoglou, J. A. Bravo-Aranda, A. J. Fernández, P. Fréville, D. García-Vizcaíno, A. Giunta, M. J. Granados-Muñoz, J. L. Guerrero-Rascado, D. Hadjimitsis, A. Haefele, M. Hervo, M. Iarlori, P. Kokkalis, D. Lange, R. E. Mamouri, I. Mattis, F. Molero, N. Montoux, A. Muñoz, C. Muñoz Porcar, F. Navas-Guzmán, D. Nicolae, A. Nisantzi, N. Papagiannopoulos, A. Papayannis, S. Pereira, J. Preißler, M. Pujadas, V. Rizi, F. Rocadenbosch, K. Sellegri, V. Simeonov, G. Tsaknakis, F. Wagner, and G. Pappalardo
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 8, 4587–4613, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-4587-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-4587-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
In the framework of the ACTRIS summer 2012 measurement campaign (8 June–17 July 2012), EARLINET organized and performed a controlled exercise of feasibility to demonstrate its potential to perform operational, coordinated measurements and deliver products in near-real time. The paper describes the measurement protocol and discusses the delivery of real-time and near-real-time lidar-derived products.
I. Binietoglou, S. Basart, L. Alados-Arboledas, V. Amiridis, A. Argyrouli, H. Baars, J. M. Baldasano, D. Balis, L. Belegante, J. A. Bravo-Aranda, P. Burlizzi, V. Carrasco, A. Chaikovsky, A. Comerón, G. D'Amico, M. Filioglou, M. J. Granados-Muñoz, J. L. Guerrero-Rascado, L. Ilic, P. Kokkalis, A. Maurizi, L. Mona, F. Monti, C. Muñoz-Porcar, D. Nicolae, A. Papayannis, G. Pappalardo, G. Pejanovic, S. N. Pereira, M. R. Perrone, A. Pietruczuk, M. Posyniak, F. Rocadenbosch, A. Rodríguez-Gómez, M. Sicard, N. Siomos, A. Szkop, E. Terradellas, A. Tsekeri, A. Vukovic, U. Wandinger, and J. Wagner
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 8, 3577–3600, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-3577-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-3577-2015, 2015
V. Amiridis, E. Marinou, A. Tsekeri, U. Wandinger, A. Schwarz, E. Giannakaki, R. Mamouri, P. Kokkalis, I. Binietoglou, S. Solomos, T. Herekakis, S. Kazadzis, E. Gerasopoulos, E. Proestakis, M. Kottas, D. Balis, A. Papayannis, C. Kontoes, K. Kourtidis, N. Papagiannopoulos, L. Mona, G. Pappalardo, O. Le Rille, and A. Ansmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 7127–7153, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-7127-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-7127-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
LIVAS is a 3-D multi-wavelength global aerosol and cloud optical database optimized for future space-based lidar end-to-end simulations of realistic atmospheric scenarios as well as retrieval algorithm testing activities. The global database is based on CALIPSO observations at 532nm, while for the conversion at 355nm EARLINET data are utilized.
L. Mona, N. Papagiannopoulos, S. Basart, J. Baldasano, I. Binietoglou, C. Cornacchia, and G. Pappalardo
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 8781–8793, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-8781-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-8781-2014, 2014
V. Arghiuş, A. Ozunu, I. Samara, and G. Roşian
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 14, 535–544, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-14-535-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-14-535-2014, 2014
A. Nemuc, J. Vasilescu, C. Talianu, L. Belegante, and D. Nicolae
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 6, 3243–3255, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-3243-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-3243-2013, 2013
A. Mortier, P. Goloub, T. Podvin, C. Deroo, A. Chaikovsky, N. Ajtai, L. Blarel, D. Tanre, and Y. Derimian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 3705–3720, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-3705-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-3705-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Subject: Aerosols | Research Activity: Remote Sensing | Altitude Range: Troposphere | Science Focus: Physics (physical properties and processes)
Fluorescence properties of long-range-transported smoke: insights from five-channel lidar observations over Moscow during the 2023 wildfire season
Lidar estimates of birch pollen number, mass, and CCN-related concentrations
Distinct effects of fine and coarse aerosols on microphysical processes of shallow-precipitation systems in summer over southern China
Increased number concentrations of small particles explain perceived stagnation in air quality over Korea
Remote-sensing detectability of airborne Arctic dust
The role of refractive indices in measuring mineral dust with high-spectral-resolution infrared satellite sounders: application to the Gobi Desert
Influence of covariance of aerosol and meteorology on co-located precipitating and non-precipitating clouds over the Indo-Gangetic Plain
Light-absorbing black carbon and brown carbon components of smoke aerosol from DSCOVR EPIC measurements over North America and central Africa
Invisible aerosol layers: improved lidar detection capabilities by means of laser-induced aerosol fluorescence
The emission, transport, and impacts of the extreme Saharan dust storm of 2015
California wildfire smoke contributes to a positive atmospheric temperature anomaly over the western United States
Dust storms from the Taklamakan Desert significantly darken snow surface on surrounding mountains
Characterization of AOD anomalies in September and October 2022 over Skukuza in South Africa
Technical note: Evolution of convective boundary layer height estimated by Ka-band continuous millimeter wave radar at Wuhan in central China
Opposite effects of aerosols and meteorological parameters on warm clouds in two contrasting regions over eastern China
Effect of wind speed on marine aerosol optical properties over remote oceans with use of spaceborne lidar observations
Assessment of smoke plume height products derived from multisource satellite observations using lidar-derived height metrics for wildfires in the western US
A remote sensing algorithm for vertically resolved cloud condensation nuclei number concentrations from airborne and spaceborne lidar observations
Opinion: Aerosol remote sensing over the next 20 years
Monitoring biomass burning aerosol transport using CALIOP observations and reanalysis models: a Canadian wildfire event in 2019
Thermal infrared observations of a western United States biomass burning aerosol plume
A new look into the impacts of dust radiative effects on the energetics of tropical easterly waves
Wind-driven emissions of coarse-mode particles in an urban environment
Measurement report: Dust and anthropogenic aerosols' vertical distributions over northern China dense aerosols gathered at the top of the mixing layer
Climatological assessment of the vertically resolved optical and microphysical aerosol properties by lidar measurements, sun photometer, and in situ observations over 17 years at Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC) Barcelona
Aerosol optical depth climatology from the high-resolution MAIAC product over Europe: differences between major European cities and their surrounding environments
Impact of assimilating NOAA VIIRS aerosol optical depth (AOD) observations on global AOD analysis from the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS)
Spectral dependence of birch and pine pollen optical properties using a synergy of lidar instruments
Validation activities of Aeolus wind products on the southeastern Iberian Peninsula
Thermal infrared dust optical depth and coarse-mode effective diameter over oceans retrieved from collocated MODIS and CALIOP observations
A comprehensive reappraisal of long-term aerosol characteristics, trends, and variability in Asia
Satellite (GOSAT-2 CAI-2) retrieval and surface (ARFINET) observations of aerosol black carbon over India
Spatiotemporal variation characteristics of global fires and their emissions
The (mis)identification of high-latitude dust events using remote sensing methods in the Yukon, Canada: a sub-daily variability analysis
Comparison of dust optical depth from multi-sensor products and MONARCH (Multiscale Online Non-hydrostatic AtmospheRe CHemistry) dust reanalysis over North Africa, the Middle East, and Europe
Understanding day–night differences in dust aerosols over the dust belt of North Africa, the Middle East, and Asia
Satellite observations of smoke–cloud–radiation interactions over the Amazon rainforest
Single-scattering properties of ellipsoidal dust aerosols constrained by measured dust shape distributions
Validation of the TROPOMI/S5P aerosol layer height using EARLINET lidars
Vertical characterization of fine and coarse dust particles during an intense Saharan dust outbreak over the Iberian Peninsula in springtime 2021
Aerosol optical depth regime over megacities of the world
South American 2020 regional smoke plume: intercomparison with previous years, impact on solar radiation, and the role of Pantanal biomass burning season
Circular polarization in atmospheric aerosols
Spatiotemporal continuous estimates of daily 1 km PM2.5 from 2000 to present under the Tracking Air Pollution in China (TAP) framework
Robust evidence for reversal of the trend in aerosol effective climate forcing
Simultaneous retrievals of biomass burning aerosols and trace gases from the ultraviolet to near-infrared over northern Thailand during the 2019 pre-monsoon season
A decadal assessment of the climatology of aerosol and cloud properties over South Africa
Aerosol characterisation in the subtropical eastern North Atlantic region using long-term AERONET measurements
Long-range transport of Asian dust to the Arctic: identification of transport pathways, evolution of aerosol optical properties, and impact assessment on surface albedo changes
Canadian and Alaskan wildfire smoke particle properties, their evolution, and controlling factors, from satellite observations
Igor Veselovskii, Mikhail Korenskiy, Nikita Kasianik, Boris Barchunov, Qiaoyun Hu, Philippe Goloub, and Thierry Podvin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 1603–1615, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1603-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1603-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
A fluorescence lidar was used to study transported Canadian smoke in May–September 2023. The fluorescence measurements were taken at five wavelengths. The results revealed that fluorescence capacity increases with altitude, suggesting a higher concentration of organic compounds in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere than in the lower troposphere. The fluorescence spectra peaked in the 513 and 560 nm channels in smoke layers but decreased with wavelength in urban aerosols.
Maria Filioglou, Petri Tiitta, Xiaoxia Shang, Ari Leskinen, Pasi Ahola, Sanna Pätsi, Annika Saarto, Ville Vakkari, Uula Isopahkala, and Mika Komppula
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 1639–1657, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1639-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1639-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Every year a vast number of people experience allergic reactions due to exposure to airborne pollen. These symptoms are concentration dependent; thus accurate information about the pollen load in the atmosphere is essential. Moreover, pollen grains and fragments of it are likely to contribute to cloud processes and suppress precipitation. Here, we estimate the concentration and cloud-relevant parameters of birch pollen in the atmosphere using observations from a PollyXT and a CL61 ceilometer.
Fengjiao Chen, Yuanjian Yang, Lu Yu, Yang Li, Weiguang Liu, Yan Liu, and Simone Lolli
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 1587–1601, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1587-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1587-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The microphysical mechanisms of precipitation responsible for the varied impacts of aerosol particles on shallow precipitation remain unclear. This study reveals that coarse aerosol particles invigorate shallow rainfall through enhanced coalescence processes, whereas fine aerosol particles suppress shallow rainfall through intensified microphysical breaks. These impacts are independent of thermodynamic environments but are more significant in low-humidity conditions.
Sohee Joo, Juseon Shin, Matthias Tesche, Naghmeh Dehkhoda, Taegyeong Kim, and Youngmin Noh
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 1023–1036, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1023-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1023-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
In our study, we investigated why, in northeast Asia, visibility has not improved even though air pollution levels have decreased. By examining trends in Seoul and Ulsan, we found that the particles in the air are getting smaller, which scatters light more effectively and reduces how far we can see. Our findings suggest that changes in particle properties adversely affected public perception of air quality improvement even though the PM2.5 mass concentration is continuously decreasing.
Norman T. O'Neill, Keyvan Ranjbar, Liviu Ivănescu, Yann Blanchard, Seyed Ali Sayedain, and Yasmin AboEl-Fetouh
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 27–44, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-27-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-27-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Dust from mid-latitude deserts or from local drainage basins is a weak component of atmospheric aerosols in the Arctic. Satellite-based dust estimates are often overestimated because dust and cloud measurements can be confused. Illustrations are given with an emphasis on the flawed claim that a classic indicator of dust (negative brightness temperature differences) is proof of the presence of airborne Arctic dust. Low-altitude warm-water plumes are the likely source of such negative values.
Perla Alalam, Fabrice Ducos, and Hervé Herbin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 12277–12294, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12277-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12277-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study dives into the impact of mineral dust laboratory complex refractive indices (CRIs) on quantifying the dust microphysical properties using satellite infrared remote sensing. Results show that using CRIs obtained by advanced realistic techniques can improve the accuracy of these measurements, emphasizing the importance of choosing the suitable CRI in atmospheric models. This improvement is crucial for better predicting the dust radiative effect and impact on the climate.
Nabia Gulistan, Khan Alam, and Yangang Liu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 11333–11349, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11333-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11333-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study looks at the influence of aerosol and meteorology on precipitating and non-precipitating clouds over the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP). A major finding of this study was that the high loading of aerosols led to a high occurrence of precipitating clouds under unstable conditions in summer. The study has the potential to open a new avenue for the scientific community to further explore and understand the complications of aerosol–cloud–precipitation over the complex topography of the IGP.
Myungje Choi, Alexei Lyapustin, Gregory L. Schuster, Sujung Go, Yujie Wang, Sergey Korkin, Ralph Kahn, Jeffrey S. Reid, Edward J. Hyer, Thomas F. Eck, Mian Chin, David J. Diner, Olga Kalashnikova, Oleg Dubovik, Jhoon Kim, and Hans Moosmüller
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 10543–10565, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10543-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10543-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper introduces a retrieval algorithm to estimate two key absorbing components in smoke (black carbon and brown carbon) using DSCOVR EPIC measurements. Our analysis reveals distinct smoke properties, including spectral absorption, layer height, and black carbon and brown carbon, over North America and central Africa. The retrieved smoke properties offer valuable observational constraints for modeling radiative forcing and informing health-related studies.
Benedikt Gast, Cristofer Jimenez, Albert Ansmann, Moritz Haarig, Ronny Engelmann, Felix Fritzsch, Athena Augusta Floutsi, Hannes Griesche, Kevin Ohneiser, Julian Hofer, Martin Radenz, Holger Baars, Patric Seifert, and Ulla Wandinger
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2586, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2586, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we discuss the enhanced detection capabilities of a fluorescence lidar in the case of optically thin aerosol layers in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) region. Our results suggest that such thin aerosol layers are not so rare in the UTLS and can potentially trigger and impact cirrus cloud formation through heterogeneous ice nucleation. By altering the microphysical cloud properties, this could affect cloud evolution and lifetime, and thus their climate effect.
Brian Harr, Bing Pu, and Qinjian Jin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8625–8651, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8625-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8625-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We found that the formation of the extreme trans-Atlantic African dust event in June 2015 was associated with a brief surge in dust emissions over western North Africa and extreme circulation patterns, including intensified easterly jets, which facilitated the westward transport of dust. The dust plume modified radiative flux along its transport pathway but had minor impacts on air quality in the US due to the record-high Caribbean low-level jet advecting part of the plume to the Pacific.
James L. Gomez, Robert J. Allen, and King-Fai Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 6937–6963, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6937-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6937-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Wildfires in California (CA) have grown very large during the past 20 years. These fires emit sunlight-absorbing aerosols. Analyzing observational data, our study finds that aerosols emitted from large fires in northern CA spread throughout CA and Nevada and heat the atmosphere. This heating is consistent with larger-than-normal temperatures and dry conditions. Further study is needed to determine how much the aerosols heat the atmosphere and whether they are drying the atmosphere as well.
Yuxuan Xing, Yang Chen, Shirui Yan, Xiaoyi Cao, Yong Zhou, Xueying Zhang, Tenglong Shi, Xiaoying Niu, Dongyou Wu, Jiecan Cui, Yue Zhou, Xin Wang, and Wei Pu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 5199–5219, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5199-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5199-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigated the impact of dust storms from the Taklamakan Desert on surrounding high mountains and regional radiation balance. Using satellite data and simulations, researchers found that dust storms significantly darken the snow surface in the Tien Shan, Kunlun, and Qilian mountains, reaching mountains up to 1000 km away. This darkening occurs not only in spring but also during summer and autumn, leading to increased absorption of solar radiation.
Marion Ranaivombola, Nelson Bègue, Farahnaz Fazel-Rastgar, Venkataraman Sivakumar, Gisèle Krysztofiak, Gwenaël Berthet, Fabrice Jegou, Stuart Piketh, and Hassan Bencherif
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-921, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-921, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
From September to October 2022, the Biomass Burning Aerosol Campaign (BiBAC) in Kruger National Park revealed a significant aerosol loading linked to biomass burning activity, with a southeastward transport over Southern Africa and the southwestern of Indian Ocean (SWIO) basin. The "river of smoke" phenomenon drove the plume during September toward the SWIO. One discusses the long-range transport of biomass burning from South America to Southern Africa is likely driven by climate forcings.
Zirui Zhang, Kaiming Huang, Fan Yi, Fuchao Liu, Jian Zhang, and Yue Jia
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-933, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-933, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The CBLH is related to our health due to its crucial role in pollutant dispersion. The vertical velocity from MMCR can capture the CBLH evolution, especially the initial stage of CBLH rise and the final stage of CBLH dissipation due to little blind range and less impact by residual layer, thus the MMCR observation can clearly identify the diurnal evolution of CBLH. The study shows that the CBLH has an obvious seasonal feature, and is affected by radiation, humidity, cloud and precipitation.
Yuqin Liu, Tao Lin, Jiahua Zhang, Fu Wang, Yiyi Huang, Xian Wu, Hong Ye, Guoqin Zhang, Xin Cao, and Gerrit de Leeuw
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 4651–4673, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4651-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4651-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A new method, the geographical detector method (GDM), has been applied to satellite data, in addition to commonly used statistical methods, to study the sensitivity of cloud properties to aerosol over China. Different constraints for aerosol and cloud liquid water path apply over polluted and clean areas. The GDM shows that cloud parameters are more sensitive to combinations of parameters than to individual parameters, but confounding effects due to co-variation of parameters cannot be excluded.
Kangwen Sun, Guangyao Dai, Songhua Wu, Oliver Reitebuch, Holger Baars, Jiqiao Liu, and Suping Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 4389–4409, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4389-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4389-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper investigates the correlation between marine aerosol optical properties and wind speeds over remote oceans using the spaceborne lidars ALADIN and CALIOP. Three remote ocean areas are selected. Pure marine aerosol optical properties at 355 nm are derived from ALADIN. The relationships between marine aerosol optical properties and wind speeds are analyzed within and above the marine atmospheric boundary layer, revealing the effect of wind speed on marine aerosols over remote oceans.
Jingting Huang, S. Marcela Loría-Salazar, Min Deng, Jaehwa Lee, and Heather A. Holmes
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3673–3698, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3673-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3673-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Increased wildfire intensity has resulted in taller wildfire smoke plumes. We investigate the vertical structure of wildfire smoke plumes using aircraft lidar data and establish two effective smoke plume height metrics. Four novel satellite-based plume height products are evaluated for wildfires in the western US. Our results provide guidance on the strengths and limitations of these satellite products and set the stage for improved plume rise estimates by leveraging satellite products.
Piyushkumar N. Patel, Jonathan H. Jiang, Ritesh Gautam, Harish Gadhavi, Olga Kalashnikova, Michael J. Garay, Lan Gao, Feng Xu, and Ali Omar
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2861–2883, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2861-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2861-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Global measurements of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) are essential for understanding aerosol–cloud interactions and predicting climate change. To address this gap, we introduced a remote sensing algorithm that retrieves vertically resolved CCN number concentrations from airborne and spaceborne lidar systems. This innovation offers a global distribution of CCN concentrations from space, facilitating model evaluation and precise quantification of aerosol climate forcing.
Lorraine A. Remer, Robert C. Levy, and J. Vanderlei Martins
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2113–2127, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2113-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2113-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosols are small liquid or solid particles suspended in the atmosphere, including smoke, particulate pollution, dust, and sea salt. Today, we rely on satellites viewing Earth's atmosphere to learn about these particles. Here, we speculate on the future to imagine how satellite viewing of aerosols will change. We expect more public and private satellites with greater capabilities, better ways to infer information from satellites, and merging of data with models.
Xiaoxia Shang, Antti Lipponen, Maria Filioglou, Anu-Maija Sundström, Mark Parrington, Virginie Buchard, Anton S. Darmenov, Ellsworth J. Welton, Eleni Marinou, Vassilis Amiridis, Michael Sicard, Alejandro Rodríguez-Gómez, Mika Komppula, and Tero Mielonen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1329–1344, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1329-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1329-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In June 2019, smoke particles from a Canadian wildfire event were transported to Europe. The long-range-transported smoke plumes were monitored with a spaceborne lidar and reanalysis models. Based on the aerosol mass concentrations estimated from the observations, the reanalysis models had difficulties in reproducing the amount and location of the smoke aerosols during the transport event. Consequently, more spaceborne lidar missions are needed for reliable monitoring of aerosol plumes.
Blake T. Sorenson, Jeffrey S. Reid, Jianglong Zhang, Robert E. Holz, William L. Smith Sr., and Amanda Gumber
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1231–1248, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1231-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1231-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Smoke particles are typically submicron in size and assumed to have negligible impacts at the thermal infrared spectrum. However, we show that infrared signatures can be observed over dense smoke plumes from satellites. We found that giant particles are unlikely to be the dominant cause. Rather, co-transported water vapor injected to the middle to upper troposphere and surface cooling beneath the plume due to shadowing are significant, with the surface cooling effect being the most dominant.
Farnaz Hosseinpour and Eric M. Wilcox
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 707–724, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-707-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-707-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study shows mechanistic relationships between the radiative effect of dust aerosols in the Saharan air layer and the kinetic energy of the African easterly waves across the tropical Atlantic Ocean using 22 years of daily satellite observations and reanalysis data based on satellite assimilation. Our findings suggest that dust aerosols not merely are transported by these waves but also contribute to the growth of waves through the enhancement of diabatic heating induced by dust.
Markus D. Petters, Tyas Pujiastuti, Ajmal Rasheeda Satheesh, Sabin Kasparoglu, Bethany Sutherland, and Nicholas Meskhidze
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 745–762, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-745-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-745-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This work introduces a new method that uses remote sensing techniques to obtain surface number emissions of particles with a diameter greater than 500 nm. The technique was applied to study particle emissions at an urban site near Houston, TX, USA. The emissions followed a diurnal pattern and peaked near noon local time. The daily averaged emissions correlated with wind speed. The source is likely due to wind-driven erosion of material situated on asphalted and other hard surfaces.
Zhuang Wang, Chune Shi, Hao Zhang, Yujia Chen, Xiyuan Chi, Congzi Xia, Suyao Wang, Yizhi Zhu, Kaidi Zhang, Xintong Chen, Chengzhi Xing, and Cheng Liu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14271–14292, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14271-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14271-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The annual cycle of dust and anthropogenic aerosols' vertical distributions was revealed by polarization Raman lidar in Beijing. Anthropogenic aerosols typically accumulate at the top of the mixing layer (ML) due to the hygroscopic growth of atmospheric particles, and this is most significant in summer. There is no significant relationship between bottom dust mass concentration and ML height, while the dust in the upper air tends to be distributed near the mixing layer.
Simone Lolli, Michaël Sicard, Francesco Amato, Adolfo Comeron, Cristina Gíl-Diaz, Tony C. Landi, Constantino Munoz-Porcar, Daniel Oliveira, Federico Dios Otin, Francesc Rocadenbosch, Alejandro Rodriguez-Gomez, Andrés Alastuey, Xavier Querol, and Cristina Reche
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 12887–12906, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12887-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12887-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We evaluated the long-term trends and seasonal variability of the vertically resolved aerosol properties over the past 17 years in Barcelona. Results shows that air quality is improved, with a consistent drop in PM concentrations at the surface, as well as the column aerosol optical depth. The results also show that natural dust outbreaks are more likely in summer, with aerosols reaching an altitude of 5 km, while in winter, aerosols decay as an exponential with a scale height of 600 m.
Ludovico Di Antonio, Claudia Di Biagio, Gilles Foret, Paola Formenti, Guillaume Siour, Jean-François Doussin, and Matthias Beekmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 12455–12475, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12455-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12455-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Long-term (2000–2021) 1 km resolution satellite data have been used to investigate the climatological aerosol optical depth (AOD) variability and trends at different scales in Europe. Average enhancements of the local-to-regional AOD ratio at 550 nm of 57 %, 55 %, 39 % and 32 % are found for large metropolitan areas such as Barcelona, Lisbon, Paris and Athens, respectively, suggesting a non-negligible enhancement of the aerosol burden through local emissions.
Sebastien Garrigues, Melanie Ades, Samuel Remy, Johannes Flemming, Zak Kipling, Istvan Laszlo, Mark Parrington, Antje Inness, Roberto Ribas, Luke Jones, Richard Engelen, and Vincent-Henri Peuch
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 10473–10487, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10473-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10473-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) provides global monitoring of aerosols using the ECMWF forecast model constrained by the assimilation of satellite aerosol optical depth (AOD). This work aims at evaluating the assimilation of the NOAA VIIRS AOD product in the ECMWF model. It shows that the introduction of VIIRS in the CAMS data assimilation system enhances the accuracy of the aerosol analysis, particularly over Europe and desert and maritime sites.
Maria Filioglou, Ari Leskinen, Ville Vakkari, Ewan O'Connor, Minttu Tuononen, Pekko Tuominen, Samuli Laukkanen, Linnea Toiviainen, Annika Saarto, Xiaoxia Shang, Petri Tiitta, and Mika Komppula
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9009–9021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9009-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9009-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Pollen impacts climate and public health, and it can be detected in the atmosphere by lidars which measure the linear particle depolarization ratio (PDR), a shape-relevant optical parameter. As aerosols also cause depolarization, surface aerosol and pollen observations were combined with measurements from ground-based lidars operating at different wavelengths to determine the optical properties of birch and pine pollen and quantify their relative contribution to the PDR.
Jesús Abril-Gago, Pablo Ortiz-Amezcua, Diego Bermejo-Pantaleón, Juana Andújar-Maqueda, Juan Antonio Bravo-Aranda, María José Granados-Muñoz, Francisco Navas-Guzmán, Lucas Alados-Arboledas, Inmaculada Foyo-Moreno, and Juan Luis Guerrero-Rascado
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8453–8471, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8453-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8453-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Validation activities of Aeolus wind products were performed in Granada with different upward-probing instrumentation (Doppler lidar system and radiosondes) and spatiotemporal collocation criteria. Specific advantages and disadvantages of each instrument were identified, and an optimal comparison criterion is proposed. Aeolus was proven to provide reliable wind products, and the upward-probing instruments were proven to be useful for Aeolus wind product validation activities.
Jianyu Zheng, Zhibo Zhang, Hongbin Yu, Anne Garnier, Qianqian Song, Chenxi Wang, Claudia Di Biagio, Jasper F. Kok, Yevgeny Derimian, and Claire Ryder
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8271–8304, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8271-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8271-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a multi-year satellite-based retrieval of dust optical depth at 10 µm and the coarse-mode dust effective diameter over global oceans. It reveals climatological coarse-mode dust transport patterns and regional differences over the North Atlantic, the Indian Ocean and the North Pacific.
Shikuan Jin, Yingying Ma, Zhongwei Huang, Jianping Huang, Wei Gong, Boming Liu, Weiyan Wang, Ruonan Fan, and Hui Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8187–8210, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8187-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8187-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
To better understand the Asian aerosol environment, we studied distributions and trends of aerosol with different sizes and types. Over the past 2 decades, dust, sulfate, and sea salt aerosol decreased by 5.51 %, 3.07 %, and 9.80 %, whereas organic carbon and black carbon aerosol increased by 17.09 % and 6.23 %, respectively. The increase in carbonaceous aerosols was a feature of Asia. An exception is found in East Asia, where the carbonaceous aerosols reduced, owing largely to China's efforts.
Mukunda M. Gogoi, S. Suresh Babu, Ryoichi Imasu, and Makiko Hashimoto
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8059–8079, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8059-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8059-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Considering the climate warming potential of atmospheric black carbon (BC), satellite-based retrieval is a novel idea. This study highlights the regional distribution of BC based on observations by the Cloud and Aerosol Imager-2 on board the GOSAT-2 satellite and near-surface measurements of BC in ARFINET. The satellite retrieval fairly depicts the regional and seasonal features of BC over the Indian region, which are similar to those recorded by surface observations.
Hao Fan, Xingchuan Yang, Chuanfeng Zhao, Yikun Yang, and Zhenyao Shen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 7781–7798, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7781-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7781-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Using 20-year multi-source data, this study shows pronounced regional and seasonal variations in fire activities and emissions. Seasonal variability of fires is larger with increasing latitude. The increase in temperature in the Northern Hemisphere's middle- and high-latitude forest regions was primarily responsible for the increase in fires and emissions, while the changes in fire occurrence in tropical regions were more influenced by the decrease in precipitation and relative humidity.
Rosemary Huck, Robert G. Bryant, and James King
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 6299–6318, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6299-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6299-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study shows that mineral aerosol (dust) emission events in high-latitude areas are under-represented in both ground- and space-based detecting methods. This is done through a suite of ground-based data to prove that dust emissions from the proglacial area, Lhù’ààn Mân, occur almost daily but are not always recorded at different timescales. Dust has multiple effects on atmospheric processes; therefore, accurate quantification is important in the calibration and validation of climate models.
Michail Mytilinaios, Sara Basart, Sergio Ciamprone, Juan Cuesta, Claudio Dema, Enza Di Tomaso, Paola Formenti, Antonis Gkikas, Oriol Jorba, Ralph Kahn, Carlos Pérez García-Pando, Serena Trippetta, and Lucia Mona
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 5487–5516, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5487-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5487-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Multiscale Online Non-hydrostatic AtmospheRe CHemistry model (MONARCH) dust reanalysis provides a high-resolution 3D reconstruction of past dust conditions, allowing better quantification of climate and socioeconomic dust impacts. We assess the performance of the reanalysis needed to reproduce dust optical depth using dust-related products retrieved from satellite and ground-based observations and show that it reproduces the spatial distribution and seasonal variability of atmospheric dust well.
Jacob Z. Tindan, Qinjian Jin, and Bing Pu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 5435–5466, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5435-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5435-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We use the Infrared Atmospheric Sounder Interferometer (IASI) retrievals of dust variables (dust optical depth and dust layer height) and surface observations to understand the day- and nighttime variations in dust aerosols over the dust belt. Our results show that daytime dust aerosols are significantly different from nighttime, and such day–night variations are influenced by meteorological factors such as wind speed, precipitation, and turbulent motions within the atmospheric boundary layer.
Ross Herbert and Philip Stier
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 4595–4616, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4595-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4595-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We provide robust evidence from multiple sources showing that smoke from fires in the Amazon rainforest significantly modifies the diurnal cycle of convection and cools the climate. Low to moderate amounts of smoke increase deep convective clouds and rain, whilst beyond a threshold amount, the smoke starts to suppress the convection and rain. We are currently at this threshold, suggesting increases in fires from agricultural practices or droughts will reduce cloudiness and rain over the region.
Yue Huang, Jasper F. Kok, Masanori Saito, and Olga Muñoz
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 2557–2577, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2557-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2557-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Global aerosol models and remote sensing retrievals use dust optical models with inconsistent and inaccurate dust shape approximations. Here, we present a new dust optical model constrained by measured dust shape distributions. This new dust optical model is an improvement on the current dust optical models used in models and retrieval algorithms, as quantified by comparisons against laboratory and field observations of dust optics.
Konstantinos Michailidis, Maria-Elissavet Koukouli, Dimitris Balis, J. Pepijn Veefkind, Martin de Graaf, Lucia Mona, Nikolaos Papagianopoulos, Gesolmina Pappalardo, Ioanna Tsikoudi, Vassilis Amiridis, Eleni Marinou, Anna Gialitaki, Rodanthi-Elisavet Mamouri, Argyro Nisantzi, Daniele Bortoli, Maria João Costa, Vanda Salgueiro, Alexandros Papayannis, Maria Mylonaki, Lucas Alados-Arboledas, Salvatore Romano, Maria Rita Perrone, and Holger Baars
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 1919–1940, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1919-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1919-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Comparisons with ground-based correlative lidar measurements constitute a key component in the validation of satellite aerosol products. This paper presents the validation of the TROPOMI aerosol layer height (ALH) product, using archived quality assured ground-based data from lidar stations that belong to the EARLINET network. Comparisons between the TROPOMI ALH and co-located EARLINET measurements show good agreement over the ocean.
María Ángeles López-Cayuela, Carmen Córdoba-Jabonero, Diego Bermejo-Pantaleón, Michaël Sicard, Vanda Salgueiro, Francisco Molero, Clara Violeta Carvajal-Pérez, María José Granados-Muñoz, Adolfo Comerón, Flavio T. Couto, Rubén Barragán, María-Paz Zorzano, Juan Antonio Bravo-Aranda, Constantino Muñoz-Porcar, María João Costa, Begoña Artíñano, Alejandro Rodríguez-Gómez, Daniele Bortoli, Manuel Pujadas, Jesús Abril-Gago, Lucas Alados-Arboledas, and Juan Luis Guerrero-Rascado
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 143–161, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-143-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-143-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
An intense Saharan dust outbreak crossing the Iberian Peninsula in springtime was monitored to determinine the specific contribution of fine and coarse dust particles at five lidar stations, strategically covering its SW–central–NE pathway. Expected dust ageing along the transport started unappreciated. A different fine-dust impact on optical (~30 %) and mass (~10 %) properties was found. Use of polarized lidar measurements (mainly in elastic systems) for fine/coarse dust separation is crucial.
Kyriakoula Papachristopoulou, Ioannis-Panagiotis Raptis, Antonis Gkikas, Ilias Fountoulakis, Akriti Masoom, and Stelios Kazadzis
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 15703–15727, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15703-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15703-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Megacities' air quality is determined by atmospheric aerosols. We focus on changes over the last two decades in the 81 largest cities, using satellite data. European and American cities have lower aerosol compared to African and Asian cities. For European, North American and East Asian cities, aerosols are decreasing over time, especially in China and the US. In the remaining cities, aerosol loads are increasing, particularly in India.
Nilton Évora do Rosário, Elisa Thomé Sena, and Marcia Akemi Yamasoe
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 15021–15033, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15021-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15021-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The 2020 burning season in Brazil was marked by an atypically high number of fire spots across Pantanal, leading to high amounts of smoke within the biome. This study shows that smoke over Pantanal, usually a fraction of that over Amazonia, was higher and resulted mainly from fires in conservation and indigenous areas. It also contributes to highlighting Pantanal's 2020 burning season as the worst combination of a climate extreme scenario and inadequately enforced environmental regulations.
Santiago Gassó and Kirk D. Knobelspiesse
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 13581–13605, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13581-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13581-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Atmospheric particles interact with light resulting in observable optical polarization. Thus, we can learn about their composition from space. New satellite sensor technology measures full polarization of reflected sunlight. This paper considers circular polarization, an overlooked category of polarization with distinctive features that could bring new insights. We review existing literature and make novel computations to consider this previously underappreciated category of polarization.
Qingyang Xiao, Guannan Geng, Shigan Liu, Jiajun Liu, Xia Meng, and Qiang Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 13229–13242, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13229-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13229-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We provided complete coverage PM2.5 concentrations at a 1-km resolution from 2000 to the present, carefully considering the significant changes in land use characteristics in China. This high-resolution PM2.5 data successfully revealed the local-scale PM2.5 variations. We noticed changes in PM2.5 spatial patterns in association with the clean air policies, with the pollution hotspots having transferred from urban centers to rural regions with limited air quality monitoring.
Johannes Quaas, Hailing Jia, Chris Smith, Anna Lea Albright, Wenche Aas, Nicolas Bellouin, Olivier Boucher, Marie Doutriaux-Boucher, Piers M. Forster, Daniel Grosvenor, Stuart Jenkins, Zbigniew Klimont, Norman G. Loeb, Xiaoyan Ma, Vaishali Naik, Fabien Paulot, Philip Stier, Martin Wild, Gunnar Myhre, and Michael Schulz
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 12221–12239, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12221-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12221-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Pollution particles cool climate and offset part of the global warming. However, they are washed out by rain and thus their effect responds quickly to changes in emissions. We show multiple datasets to demonstrate that aerosol emissions and their concentrations declined in many regions influenced by human emissions, as did the effects on clouds. Consequently, the cooling impact on the Earth energy budget became smaller. This change in trend implies a relative warming.
Ukkyo Jeong, Si-Chee Tsay, N. Christina Hsu, David M. Giles, John W. Cooper, Jaehwa Lee, Robert J. Swap, Brent N. Holben, James J. Butler, Sheng-Hsiang Wang, Somporn Chantara, Hyunkee Hong, Donghee Kim, and Jhoon Kim
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 11957–11986, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11957-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11957-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Ultraviolet (UV) measurements from satellite and ground are important for deriving information on several atmospheric trace and aerosol characteristics. Simultaneous retrievals of aerosol and trace gases in this study suggest that water uptake by aerosols is one of the important phenomena affecting aerosol properties over northern Thailand, which is important for regional air quality and climate. Obtained aerosol properties covering the UV are also important for various satellite algorithms.
Abdulaziz Tunde Yakubu and Naven Chetty
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 11065–11087, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11065-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11065-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study examined the source of atmospheric aerosols and their role in forming clouds and rainfall over South Africa. The research provided answers to the cause of low precipitation, mainly linked to drought and water shortages experienced over the region. Further insight into the cause of occasional flooding that occurs in other parts of the area is provided. Finally, the study described the relationship between aerosol–cloud precipitation based on observation over the region.
África Barreto, Rosa D. García, Carmen Guirado-Fuentes, Emilio Cuevas, A. Fernando Almansa, Celia Milford, Carlos Toledano, Francisco J. Expósito, Juan P. Díaz, and Sergio F. León-Luis
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 11105–11124, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11105-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11105-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A comprehensive characterization of atmospheric aerosols in the subtropical eastern North Atlantic has been carried out in this paper using long-term ground AERONET photometric observations over the period 2005–2020 from a unique network made up of four stations strategically located from sea level to 3555 m height on the island of Tenerife. This is a region that can be considered a key location to study the seasonal dependence of dust transport from the Sahel-Sahara.
Xiaoxi Zhao, Kan Huang, Joshua S. Fu, and Sabur F. Abdullaev
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 10389–10407, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10389-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10389-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Long-range transport of Asian dust to the Arctic was considered an important source of Arctic air pollution. Different transport routes to the Arctic had divergent effects on the evolution of aerosol properties. Depositions of long-range-transported dust particles can reduce the Arctic surface albedo considerably. This study implied that the ubiquitous long-transport dust from China exerted considerable aerosol indirect effects on the Arctic and may have potential biogeochemical significance.
Katherine T. Junghenn Noyes, Ralph A. Kahn, James A. Limbacher, and Zhanqing Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 10267–10290, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10267-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10267-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We compare retrievals of wildfire smoke particle size, shape, and light absorption from the MISR satellite instrument to modeling and other satellite data on land cover type, drought conditions, meteorology, and estimates of fire intensity (fire radiative power – FRP). We find statistically significant differences in the particle properties based on burning conditions and land cover type, and we interpret how changes in these properties point to specific aerosol aging mechanisms.
Cited articles
Ahmadi, O., Mortazavi, S. B., and Mahabadi, H. A.: Review of Atmospheric
Storage Tank Fire Scenarios: Costs and Causes, J. Fail. Anal. Preven.,
20, 384–405, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11668-020-00846-5, 2020.
Akagi, S. K., Yokelson, R. J., Wiedinmyer, C., Alvarado, M. J., Reid, J. S., Karl, T., Crounse, J. D., and Wennberg, P. O.: Emission factors for open and domestic biomass burning for use in atmospheric models, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 4039–4072, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-4039-2011, 2011.
Al Jazeera: Soldiers die in attack on Libya oil terminals,
https://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2014/12/soldiers-killed-attack-benghazi-port-2014122673856971767.html
(last access: 12 September 2019), 2014.
Andreae, M. O.: Emission of trace gases and aerosols from biomass burning – an updated assessment, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 8523–8546, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-8523-2019, 2019.
Andreae, M. O. and Merlet, P.: Emission of trace gases and aerosols from
biomass burning, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 15, 955–966,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2000GB001382, 2001.
Andreae, M. O. and Ramanathan, V.: Climate's dark forcings, Science, 340,
280–281, 2013.
An Han, H., Han, I., McCurdy, S., Whitworth, K., Delclos, G., Rammah, A.,
and Symanski, E.: The Intercontinental Terminals Chemical Fire Study: A
Rapid Response to an Industrial Disaster to Address Resident Concerns in
Deer Park, Texas, Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 17, 986, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030986,
2020.
Avery, M. A., Ryan, R. A., Getzewich, B. J., Vaughan, M. A., Winker, D. M., Hu, Y., Garnier, A., Pelon, J., and Verhappen, C. A.: CALIOP V4 cloud thermodynamic phase assignment and the impact of near-nadir viewing angles, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 4539–4563, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-4539-2020, 2020.
Barth, S. K., Dursa, E. K., Bossarte, R., and Schneiderman, A.: Lifetime
Prevalence of Respiratory Diseases and Exposures Among Veterans of Operation
Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom Veterans: Results From the
National Health Study for a New Generation of U.S. Veterans, J. Occup. Environ. Med., 58, 1175–1180,
https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0000000000000885, 2016.
BBC: Libya: Gaddafi troops take rebel oil port of Ras Lanuf,
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-12721908, (last access: 12 September 2019), 2011.
BBC: Libya airstrikes hit Misrata militants for first time,
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-30616817, (last access: 12 September
2019), 2014.
BBC: Gulf of Oman tanker attacks: What we know,
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-48627014, (last access: 10 October 2019), 2019.
Beelen, R., Raaschou-Nielsen, O., Stafoggia, M., Andersen, Z. J., Weinmayr,
G., Hoffmann, B., Wolf, K., Samoli, E., Fischer, P., Nieuwenhuijsen, M.,
Vineis, P., Xun, W. W., Katsouyanni, K., Dimakopoulou, K., Oudin, A.,
Forsberg, B., Modig, L., Havulinna, A. S., Lanki, T., Turunen, A., Oftedal,
B., Nystad, W., Nafstad, P., De Faire, U., Pedersen, N. L., Östenson,
C.-G., Fratiglioni, L., Penell, J., Korek, M., Pershagen, G., Eriksen, K.
T., Overvad, K., Ellermann, T., Eeftens, M., Peeters, P. H., Meliefste, K.,
Wang, M., Bueno-de-Mesquita, B., Sugiri, D., Krämer, U., Heinrich, J.,
de Hoogh, K., Key, T., Peters, A., Hampel, R., Concin, H., Nagel, G.,
Ineichen, A., Schaffner, E., Probst-Hensch, N., Künzli, N., Schindler,
C., Schikowski, T., Adam, M., Phuleria, H., Vilier, A., Clavel-Chapelon, F.,
Declercq, C., Grioni, S., Krogh, V., Tsai, M.-Y., Ricceri, F., Sacerdote,
C., Galassi, C., Migliore, E., Ranzi, A., Cesaroni, G., Badaloni, C.,
Forastiere, F., Tamayo, I., Amiano, P., Dorronsoro, M., Katsoulis, M.,
Trichopoulou, A., Brunekreef, B., and Hoek, G.: Effects of long-term
exposure to air pollution on natural-cause mortality: an analysis of 22
European cohorts within the multicentre ESCAPE project, The Lancet, 383,
785–795, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62158-3, 2014.
Bellingcat: Fuel to the Fire: Satellite Imagery Captures Burning Oil Tanks
Libya,
https://www.bellingcat.com/news/mena/2018/06/18/fuel-fire-satellite-imagery-captures-burning-oil-tanks-libya/,
(last access: 12 September 2019), 2018.
Biezma, M. V., Andrés, M. A., Agudo, D., and Briz, E.: Most fatal oil
& gas pipeline accidents through history: A lessons learned approach,
Engineering Failure Analysis, 110, 104446,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2020.104446, 2020.
Bloomberg: Nigeria Loses Almost Half Its Power Output After Pipeline Fire,
https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-01-03/nigeria-loses-almost-half-its-power-output-after-pipeline-fire,
(last access: 6 May 2019), 2018.
Bond, T. C., Doherty, S. J., Fahey, D. W., Forster, P. M., Berntsen, T.,
DeAngelo, B. J., Flanner, M. G., Ghan, S., Kärcher, B., Koch, D., Kinne,
S., Kondo, Y., Quinn, P. K., Sarofim, M. C., Schultz, M. G., Schulz, M.,
Venkataraman, C., Zhang, H., Zhang, S., Bellouin, N., Guttikunda, S. K.,
Hopke, P. K., Jacobson, M. Z., Kaiser, J. W., Klimont, Z., Lohmann, U.,
Schwarz, J. P., Shindell, D., Storelvmo, T., Warren, S. G., and Zender, C.
S.: Bounding the role of black carbon in the climate system: A scientific
assessment: Black Carbon in the Climate System, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.,
118, 5380–5552, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50171, 2013.
Boucher, O., Balkanski, Y., Hodnebrog, Ø., Myhre, C. L., Myhre, G.,
Quaas, J., Samset, B. H., Schutgens, N., Stier, P., and Wang, R.: Jury is
still out on the radiative forcing by black carbon, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA,
113, E5092–E5093, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1607005113, 2016.
Brain, J. D., Long, N. C., Wolfthal, S. F., Dumyahn, T., and Dockery, D. W.:
Pulmonary toxicity in hamsters of smoke particles from Kuwaiti oil fires,
Environ. Health Persp., 106, 141–146,
https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.98106141, 1998.
Brauer, M., Freedman, G., Frostad, J., van Donkelaar, A., Martin, R. V.,
Dentener, F., Dingenen, R. van, Estep, K., Amini, H., Apte, J. S.,
Balakrishnan, K., Barregard, L., Broday, D., Feigin, V., Ghosh, S., Hopke,
P. K., Knibbs, L. D., Kokubo, Y., Liu, Y., Ma, S., Morawska, L., Sangrador,
J. L. T., Shaddick, G., Anderson, H. R., Vos, T., Forouzanfar, M. H.,
Burnett, R. T., and Cohen, A.: Ambient Air Pollution Exposure Estimation for
the Global Burden of Disease 2013, Environ. Sci. Technol., 50, 79–88,
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b03709, 2015.
Brunekreef, B. and Holgate, S. T.: Air pollution and health, The Lancet,
360, 1233–1242, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(02)11274-8, 2002.
Bulmer, M. H.: Military Use Of Environmental Degradation by Islamic State,
Northern Iraq, SCIM, 46, 123–147, https://doi.org/10.5787/46-1-1228, 2018.
Business-humanrights: Actual conditions On the assessment of fire accident
happened on December 4, 2015 in Deep Sea Platform No. 10 of Guneshli
Oilfield owned by SOCAR,
https://www.business-humanrights.org/sites/default/files/documents/SOCAR-response-re-Guneshli-oil-field-accident.pdf, (last access: 12 September 2019), 2015.
Business Insider: Militants attack storage tanks near Libya's Ras Lanuf oil
terminal,
https://www.businessinsider.com/militants-attack-near-libyas-ras-lanuf-oil-terminal-2016-1,
(last access: 12 September 2019), 2016.
Cahalan, R. F.: The Kuwait oil fires as seen by Landsat, J. Geophys. Res.-Amos.,
97, 14565, https://doi.org/10.1029/92JD00799, 1992.
Ceolato, R., Paulien, L., Maughan, J. B., Sorensen, C. M., and Berg, M. J.:
Radiative properties of soot fractal superaggregates including
backscattering and depolarization, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Ra., 247, 106940,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2020.106940, 2020.
Ceolato, R., Bedoya-Velasquez, A., Fossard, F., Mouysset, V., Paulien, L.,
Lefebvre, S., Mazzoleni, C., Sorensen, C., Berg, M., and Yon, J.: Black
carbon aerosol number and mass concentration measurements by picosecond
short-range elastic backscatter lidar,
https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-806433/v1, in review, 2021.
Daum, P. H., Al-Sunaid, A., Busness, K. M., Hales, J. M., and Mazurek, M.:
Studies of the Kuwait oil fire plume during midsummer 1991, J. Geophys.
Res., 98, 16809, https://doi.org/10.1029/93JD01204, 1993.
Deaconu, L. T., Waquet, F., Josset, D., Ferlay, N., Peers, F., Thieuleux, F., Ducos, F., Pascal, N., Tanré, D., Pelon, J., and Goloub, P.: Consistency of aerosols above clouds characterization from A-Train active and passive measurements, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 10, 3499–3523, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-3499-2017, 2017.
Deng, X., Shi, C., Wu, B., Chen, Z., Nie, S., He, D., and Zhang, H.:
Analysis of aerosol characteristics and their relationships with
meteorological parameters over Anhui province in China, Atmos. Res., 109–110, 52–63, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2012.02.011,
2012.
Draxler, R. R., McQueen, J. T., and Stunder, B. J.: An evaluation of air
pollutant exposures due to the 1991 Kuwait oil fires using a Lagrangian
model, Atmos. Environ., 28, 2197–2210, 1994.
Dubovik, O., Holben, B. N., Kaufman, Y. J., Yamasoe, M., Smirnov, A.,
Tanré, D., and Slutsker, I.: Single-scattering albedo of smoke retrieved
from the sky radiance and solar transmittance measured from ground, J.
Geophys. Res., 103, 31903–31923, https://doi.org/10.1029/98JD02276, 1998.
Dubovik, O., Li, Z., Mishchenko, M. I., Tanre, D., Karol, Y., Bojkov, B.,
Cairns, B., Diner, D. J., Espinosa, W. R., and Goloub, P.: Polarimetric
remote sensing of atmospheric aerosols: Instruments, methodologies, results,
and perspectives, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Ra., 224, 474–511, 2019.
Dutkiewicz, V. A., Alvi, S., Ghauri, B. M., Choudhary, M. I., and Husain,
L.: Black carbon aerosols in urban air in South Asia, Atmos. Environ., 43, 1737–1744, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.12.043,
2009.
Eck, T. F., Holben, B. N., Slutsker, I., and Setzer, A.: Measurements of
irradiance attenuation and estimation of aerosol single scattering albedo
for biomass burning aerosols in Amazonia, J. Geophys. Res., 103,
31865–31878, https://doi.org/10.1029/98JD00399, 1998.
Etzel, R. A. and Ashley, D. L.: Volatile organic compounds in the blood of
persons in Kuwait during the oil fires, Int. Arch. Occ. Env. Hea., 66,
125–129, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00383368, 1994.
Fan, J., Wang, Y., Rosenfeld, D., and Liu, X.: Review of Aerosol – Cloud
Interactions: Mechanisms, Significance, and Challenges, J. Atmos. Sci., 73, 4221–4252,
https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS-D-16-0037.1, 2016.
Fan, X. and Qu, Y.: Retrieval of High Spatial Resolution Aerosol Optical
Depth from HJ-1 A/B CCD Data, Remote Sensing, 11, 832,
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11070832, 2019.
Ferek, R. J., Hobbs, P. V., Herring, J. A., Laursen, K. K., Weiss, R. E.,
and Rasmussen, R. A.: Chemical composition of emissions from the Kuwait oil
fires, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 14483, https://doi.org/10.1029/92JD01247, 1992.
Fierce, L., Riemer, N., and Bond, T. C.: Explaining variance in black carbon's aging timescale, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 3173–3191, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-3173-2015, 2015.
Financial Tribune: Oil, LNG Pipeline Blast Prompts Evacuation in Khuzestan
Village,
https://financialtribune.com/articles/energy/97831/oil-lng-pipeline-blast-prompts-evacuation-in-khuzestan-village, last access: 9 October 2019.
Getzewich, B. J., Vaughan, M. A., Hunt, W. H., Avery, M. A., Powell, K. A., Tackett, J. L., Winker, D. M., Kar, J., Lee, K.-P., and Toth, T. D.: CALIPSO lidar calibration at 532 nm: version 4 daytime algorithm, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 6309–6326, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-6309-2018, 2018.
Giannakaki, E., van Zyl, P. G., Müller, D., Balis, D., and Komppula, M.: Optical and microphysical characterization of aerosol layers over South Africa by means of multi-wavelength depolarization and Raman lidar measurements, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 8109–8123, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-8109-2016, 2016.
Guarnieri, M. and Balmes, J. R.: Outdoor air pollution and asthma, The
Lancet, 383, 1581–1592, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60617-6,
2014.
Gullett, B. K., Hays, M. D., Tabor, D., and Wal, R. V.: Characterization of
the particulate emissions from the BP Deepwater Horizon surface oil burns,
Mar. Pollut. Bull., 107, 216–223,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.03.069, 2016.
Gullett, B. K., Aurell, J., Holder, A., Mitchell, W., Greenwell, D., Hays,
M., Conmy, R., Tabor, D., Preston, W., George, I., Abrahamson, J. P., Vander
Wal, R., and Holder, E.: Characterization of emissions and residues from
simulations of the Deepwater Horizon surface oil burns, Mar. Pollut. Bull., 117, 392–405, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.01.083,
2017.
Gupta, P., Remer, L. A., Levy, R. C., and Mattoo, S.: Validation of MODIS 3 km land aerosol optical depth from NASA's EOS Terra and Aqua missions, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 3145–3159, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-3145-2018, 2018.
Haarig, M., Ansmann, A., Baars, H., Jimenez, C., Veselovskii, I., Engelmann, R., and Althausen, D.: Depolarization and lidar ratios at 355, 532, and 1064 nm and microphysical properties of aged tropospheric and stratospheric Canadian wildfire smoke, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 11847–11861, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-11847-2018, 2018.
Health and Safety Executive and Buncefield Major Incident Investigation
Board (Great Britain): The Buncefield incident, 11 December 2005: the final
report of the Major Incident Investigation Board, Vol. 1., Health
and Safety Executive, Sudbury, ISBN: 978 0 7176 6270 8, 2008.
He, C., Liou, K.-N., Takano, Y., Zhang, R., Levy Zamora, M., Yang, P., Li, Q., and Leung, L. R.: Variation of the radiative properties during black carbon aging: theoretical and experimental intercomparison, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 11967–11980, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-11967-2015, 2015.
Heller, J. M.: Oil Well Fires of Operation Desert Storm – Defining Troop
Exposures and Determining Health Risks, Mil. Med., 176, 46–51,
https://doi.org/10.7205/MILMED-D-11-00079, 2011.
Hobbs, P. V. and Radke, L. F.: Airborne Studies of the Smoke from the Kuwait
Oil Fires, Science, 256, 987–991,
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.256.5059.987, 1992.
Hoek, G., Krishnan, R. M., Beelen, R., Peters, A., Ostro, B., Brunekreef,
B., and Kaufman, J. D.: Long-term air pollution exposure and
cardio-respiratory mortality: a review, J. Environ. Health, 12, 1–16, 2013.
Hoek, M. R., Bracebridge, S., and Oliver, I.: Health impact of the
Buncefield oil depot fire, December 2005: Study of accident and emergency
case records, J. Public Health., 29, 298–302,
https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdm036, 2007.
Holben, B. N., Eck, T. F., Slutsker, I., al Tanre, D., Buis, J. P., Setzer,
A., Vermote, E., Reagan, J. A., Kaufman, Y. J., and Nakajima, T.:
AERONET – A federated instrument network and data archive for aerosol
characterization, Remote Sens. Environ., 66, 1–16, 1998.
Hsu, N. C., Tsay, S.-C., King, M. D., and Herman, J. R.: Aerosol Properties
Over Bright-Reflecting Source Regions, IEEE T. Geosci. Remote,
42, 557–569, https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2004.824067, 2004.
Hsu, N. C., Tsay, S.-C., King, M. D., and Herman, J. R.: Deep Blue
Retrievals of Asian Aerosol Properties During ACE-Asia, IEEE T. Geosci.
Remote, 44, 3180–3195, https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2006.879540,
2006.
Hsu, N. C., Jeong, M.-J., Bettenhausen, C., Sayer, A. M., Hansell, R.,
Seftor, C. S., Huang, J., and Tsay, S.-C.: Enhanced Deep Blue aerosol
retrieval algorithm: The second generation, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 118,
9296–9315, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50712, 2013.
Hunt, W. H., Winker, D. M., Vaughan, M. A., Powell, K. A., Lucker, P. L.,
and Weimer, C.: CALIPSO Lidar Description and Performance Assessment, J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol., 26,
1214–1228, https://doi.org/10.1175/2009JTECHA1223.1, 2009.
Husain, Tahir: Kuwaiti Oil Fires, Elsevier, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-042418-7.X5000-2, 1995.
Hu, Y., Winker, D., Vaughan, M., Lin, B., Omar, A., Trepte, C., Flittner,
D., Yang, P., Nasiri, S. L., Baum, B., Holz, R., Sun, W., Liu, Z., Wang, Z.,
Young, S., Stamnes, K., Huang, J., and Kuehn, R.: CALIPSO/CALIOP Cloud Phase
Discrimination Algorithm, J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol., 26, 2293–2309,
https://doi.org/10.1175/2009JTECHA1280.1, 2009.
Ichoku, C., Kahn, R., and Chin, M.: Satellite contributions to the
quantitative characterization of biomass burning for climate modeling,
Atmos. Res., 111, 1–28,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2012.03.007, 2012.
Illingworth, A. J., Barker, H. W., Beljaars, A., Ceccaldi, M., Chepfer, H.,
Clerbaux, N., Cole, J., Delanoë, J., Domenech, C., Donovan, D. P.,
Fukuda, S., Hirakata, M., Hogan, R. J., Huenerbein, A., Kollias, P., Kubota,
T., Nakajima, T., Nakajima, T. Y., Nishizawa, T., Ohno, Y., Okamoto, H.,
Oki, R., Sato, K., Satoh, M., Shephard, M. W., Velázquez-Blázquez,
A., Wandinger, U., Wehr, T., and van Zadelhoff, G.-J.: The EarthCARE
Satellite: The Next Step Forward in Global Measurements of Clouds, Aerosols,
Precipitation, and Radiation, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 96, 1311–1332,
https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00227.1, 2015.
Jethva, H., Torres, O., Waquet, F., Chand, D., and Hu, Y.: How do A-train
sensors intercompare in the retrieval of above-cloud aerosol optical depth?
A case study-based assessment: A-TRAIN ABOVE-CLOUD AEROSOL OPTICAL DEPTH,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 41, 186–192, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013GL058405,
2014.
Johnson, D. W., Kilsby, C. G., McKenna, D. S., Saunders, R. W., Jenkins, G.
J., Smith, F. B., and Foot, J. S.: Airborne observations of the physical and
chemical characteristics of the Kuwait oil smoke plume, Nature, 353,
617–621, https://doi.org/10.1038/353617a0, 1991.
Kahn, R., Limbacher, J., Flower, V., and Val Martin, M.: Learning About
Earth from Space-Based, Multi-Angle Imaging, in: UMBC Earth Day Symposium, Baltimore, MD, https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20190025311/downloads/20190025311.pdf, (last access: 05 January 2022), 2019.
Kallos, G., Astitha, M., Katsafados, P., and Spyrou, C.: Long-Range
Transport of Anthropogenically and Naturally Produced Particulate Matter in
the Mediterranean and North Atlantic: Current State of Knowledge, J. Appl. Meteorol. Clim., 46,
1230–1251, https://doi.org/10.1175/JAM2530.1, 2007.
Kanngießer, F. and Kahnert, M.: Calculation of optical properties of
light-absorbing carbon with weakly absorbing coating: A model with tunable
transition from film-coating to spherical-shell coating, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Ra., 216, 17–36,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2018.05.014, 2018.
Kar, J., Vaughan, M. A., Lee, K.-P., Tackett, J. L., Avery, M. A., Garnier, A., Getzewich, B. J., Hunt, W. H., Josset, D., Liu, Z., Lucker, P. L., Magill, B., Omar, A. H., Pelon, J., Rogers, R. R., Toth, T. D., Trepte, C. R., Vernier, J.-P., Winker, D. M., and Young, S. A.: CALIPSO lidar calibration at 532 nm: version 4 nighttime algorithm, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 1459–1479, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-1459-2018, 2018.
Kaufman, Y. J., Tanré, D., Remer, L. A., Vermote, E. F., Chu, A., and
Holben, B. N.: Operational remote sensing of tropospheric aerosol over land
from EOS moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer, J. Geophys. Res.,
102, 17051–17067, https://doi.org/10.1029/96JD03988, 1997.
Kelsall, H. L.: Respiratory health status of Australian veterans of the 1991
Gulf War and the effects of exposure to oil fire smoke and dust storms,
Thorax, 59, 897–903, https://doi.org/10.1136/thx.2003.017103, 2004.
Khan, A. and Zhaoying, H.: Conflict escalation in the Middle East revisited:
thinking through interstate rivalries and state-sponsored terrorism, Isr. Aff., 26, 242–256, https://doi.org/10.1080/13537121.2020.1720115, 2020.
Kim, M.-H., Omar, A. H., Tackett, J. L., Vaughan, M. A., Winker, D. M., Trepte, C. R., Hu, Y., Liu, Z., Poole, L. R., Pitts, M. C., Kar, J., and Magill, B. E.: The CALIPSO version 4 automated aerosol classification and lidar ratio selection algorithm, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 6107–6135, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-6107-2018, 2018.
King, M. D.: Directional and spectral reflectance of the Kuwait oil-fire smoke, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 97, 14545–14549, 1992.
Kokhanovsky, A. (Ed.): Springer Series in Light Scattering: Volume 4: Light
Scattering and Radiative Transfer, Springer International Publishing, Cham,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20587-4, 2019.
Konovalov, I. B., Lvova, D. A., Beekmann, M., Jethva, H., Mikhailov, E. F., Paris, J.-D., Belan, B. D., Kozlov, V. S., Ciais, P., and Andreae, M. O.: Estimation of black carbon emissions from Siberian fires using satellite observations of absorption and extinction optical depths, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 14889–14924, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-14889-2018, 2018.
Kovalets, I. V., Maistrenko, S. Yà, Khalchenkov, O. V., Zagreba, T. O.,
Khurtsilava, K. V., Anulich, S. M., Bespalov, V. P., and Udovenko, O. I.:
“Povitrya” Web-Based Software System for Operational Forecasting
Atmospheric Pollution after Manmade Accidents in Ukraine, Nauka Innov., 13,
13–24, https://doi.org/10.15407/scin13.06.013, 2017.
Krausmann, E. and Cruz, A. M.: Impact of the 11 March 2011, Great East Japan
earthquake and tsunami on the chemical industry, Nat. Hazards, 67, 811–828,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-013-0607-0, 2013.
Lange, J. L., Schwartz, D. A., Doebbeling, B. N., Heller, J. M., and Thorne,
P. S.: Exposures to the Kuwait oil fires and their association with asthma
and bronchitis among gulf war veterans, Environ. Health Persp.,
110, 1141–1146, 2002.
Laumbach, R. J. and Kipen, H. M.: Respiratory health effects of air
pollution: Update on biomass smoke and traffic pollution, J. Aller. Cl. Immun., 129, 3–11,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2011.11.021, 2012.
Laursen, K. K., Ferek, R. J., Hobbs, P. V., and Rasmussen, R. A.: Emission
factors for particles, elemental carbon, and trace gases from the Kuwait oil
fires, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 14491, https://doi.org/10.1029/92JD01370, 1992.
Leahy, L. V., Anderson, T. L., Eck, T. F., and Bergstrom, R. W.: A synthesis
of single scattering albedo of biomass burning aerosol over southern Africa
during SAFARI 2000, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L12814,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL029697, 2007.
Lee, B.-J., Kim, B., and Lee, K.: Air Pollution Exposure and Cardiovascular
Disease, Toxicological Research, 30, 71–75,
https://doi.org/10.5487/TR.2014.30.2.071, 2014.
Lequy, É., Conil, S., and Turpault, M.-P.: Impacts of Aeolian dust
deposition on European forest sustainability: A review, Forest Ecology and
Management, For. Ecol. Manag., 267, 240–252, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2011.12.005,
2012.
Levy, R. C., Remer, L. A., and Dubovik, O.: Global aerosol optical
properties and application to Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer
aerosol retrieval over land, J. Geophys. Res., 112, 2006JD007815,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007815, 2007a.
Levy, R. C., Remer, L. A., Mattoo, S., Vermote, E. F., and Kaufman, Y. J.:
Second-generation operational algorithm: Retrieval of aerosol properties
over land from inversion of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer
spectral reflectance, J. Geophys. Res., 112, 2006JD007811,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007811, 2007b.
Levy, R. C., Remer, L. A., Mattoo, S., Vermote, E. F., and Kaufman, Y. J.: Second-generation operational algorithm: Retrieval of aerosol properties over land from inversion of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer spectral reflectance, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 112, D13211, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007811, 2007c.
Levy, R. C., Mattoo, S., Munchak, L. A., Remer, L. A., Sayer, A. M., Patadia, F., and Hsu, N. C.: The Collection 6 MODIS aerosol products over land and ocean, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 6, 2989–3034, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-2989-2013, 2013.
Li, J., Li, X., Carlson, B. E., Kahn, R. A., Lacis, A. A., Dubovik, O., and
Nakajima, T.: Reducing multisensor satellite monthly mean aerosol optical
depth uncertainty: 1. Objective assessment of current AERONET locations, J.
Geophys. Res. Atmos., 121, 13609–13627, 2016.
Li, J., Kahn, R. A., Wei, J., Carlson, B. E., Lacis, A. A., Li, Z., Li, X.,
Dubovik, O., and Nakajima, T.: Synergy of Satellite- and Ground-Based
Aerosol Optical Depth Measurements Using an Ensemble Kalman Filter Approach,
J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 125, 1–17, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD031884, 2020.
Limaye, S. S., Ackerman, S. A., Fry, P. M., Isa, M., Ali, H., Ali, G.,
Wright, A., and Rangno, A.: Satellite monitoring of smoke from the Kuwait
oil fires, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 97, 14551–14563, 1992.
Lim, S. S., Vos, T., Flaxman, A. D., et al.: A comparative risk assessment of burden of disease
and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21
regions, 1990–2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease
Study 2010, The Lancet, 380, 2224–2260,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61766-8, 2012.
Li, S., Kahn, R., Chin, M., Garay, M. J., and Liu, Y.: Improving satellite-retrieved aerosol microphysical properties using GOCART data, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 8, 1157–1171, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-1157-2015, 2015.
Liu, Z., Omar, A. H., Hu, Y., Vaughan, M. A., and Winker, D. M.: CALIOP
algorithm theoretical basis document – Part 3: Scene classification
algorithms, Release 1.0, PC-SCI-202 [preprint],
http://www-calipso.larc.nasa.gov/resources/pdfs/PC-SCI-202_Part3_v1.0.pdf, (last access: 5 January 2022), 2005.
Liu, Z., Vaughan, M., Winker, D., Kittaka, C., Getzewich, B., Kuehn, R.,
Omar, A., Powell, K., Trepte, C., and Hostetler, C.: The CALIPSO Lidar Cloud
and Aerosol Discrimination: Version 2 Algorithm and Initial Assessment of
Performance, J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 26, 1198–1213,
https://doi.org/10.1175/2009JTECHA1229.1, 2009.
Li, Y., Yu, H., Wang, Z., Li, Y., Pan, Q., Meng, S., Yang, Y., Lu, W., and
Guo, K.: The forecasting and analysis of oil spill drift trajectory during
the Sanchi collision accident, East China Sea, Ocean Eng., 187,
106231, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2019.106231, 2019.
Maher, B. A., Prospero, J. M., Mackie, D., Gaiero, D., Hesse, P. P., and
Balkanski, Y.: Global connections between aeolian dust, climate and ocean
biogeochemistry at the present day and at the last glacial maximum,
Earth-Sci. Rev., 99, 61–97,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2009.12.001, 2010.
Mather, T. A., Harrison, R. G., Tsanev, V. I., Pyle, D. M., Karumudi, M. L.,
Bennett, A. J., Sawyer, G. M., and Highwood, E. J.: Observations of the
plume generated by the December 2005 oil depot explosions and prolonged fire
at Buncefield (Hertfordshire, UK) and associated atmospheric changes, Proc.
R. Soc. A., 463, 1153–1177, https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2006.1810, 2007.
McTainsh, G. and Strong, C.: The role of aeolian dust in ecosystems,
Geomorphology, 89, 39–54, 2007.
Mikhailov, E. F., Vlasenko, S. S., Podgorny, I. A., Ramanathan, V., and
Corrigan, C. E.: Optical properties of soot–water drop agglomerates: An
experimental study, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D07209,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006389, 2006.
MODIS Atmosphere Science Team: MODIS/Terra Aerosol 5-Min L2 Swath 10 km, Earth data [data set], https://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MOD04_L2.061, 2017a.
MODIS Atmosphere Science Team: MYD04_L2 MODIS/Aqua Aerosol
5-Min L2 Swath 10 km, Earth data [data set], https://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MYD04_L2.061, 2017b.
Morgan, O., Verlander, N. Q., Kennedy, F., Moore, M., Birch, S., Kearney,
J., Lewthwaite, P., Lewis, R., O'Brian, S., Osman, J., and Reacher, M.:
Exposures and reported symptoms associated with occupational deployment to
the Buncefield fuel depot fire, England 2005, Occup. Environ.
Med., 65, 404–411, https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.2007.035303, 2008.
Nakajima, T., Hayasaka, T., Higurashi, A., Hashida, G., Moharram-Nejad, N.,
Najafi, Y., and Valavi, H.: Aerosol optical properties in the Iranian region
obtained by ground-based solar radiation measurements in the summer of 1991,
J. Appl. Meteorol., 35, 1265–1278, 1996.
Necci, A., Tarantola, S., Vamanu, B., Krausmann, E., and Ponte, L.: Lessons
learned from offshore oil and gas incidents in the Arctic and other
ice-prone seas, Ocean Eng., 185, 12–26,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2019.05.021, 2019.
New York Times: Two Major Saudi Oil Installations Hit by Drone Strike, and
U.S. Blames Iran,
https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/14/world/middleeast/saudi-arabia-refineries-drone-attack.html,
last access: 12 November 2019.
Noyes, K. J., Kahn, R., Sedlacek, A., Kleinman, L., Limbacher, J., and Li,
Z.: Wildfire Smoke Particle Properties and Evolution, from Space-Based
Multi-Angle Imaging, Remote Sensing, 12, 769,
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12050769, 2020.
Okada, K., Ikegami, M., Uchino, O., Nikaidou, Y., Zaizen, Y., Tsutsumi, Y.,
and Makino, Y.: Extremely high proportions of soot particles in the upper
troposphere over Japan, Geophys. Res. Lett., 19, 921–924,
https://doi.org/10.1029/92GL00487, 1992.
Omar, A. H., Winker, D. M., Vaughan, M. A., Hu, Y., Trepte, C. R., Ferrare,
R. A., Lee, K.-P., Hostetler, C. A., Kittaka, C., Rogers, R. R., Kuehn, R.
E., and Liu, Z.: The CALIPSO Automated Aerosol Classification and Lidar
Ratio Selection Algorithm, J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 26, 1994–2014,
https://doi.org/10.1175/2009JTECHA1231.1, 2009.
Pascal, M., Corso, M., Chanel, O., Declercq, C., Badaloni, C., Cesaroni, G.,
Henschel, S., Meister, K., Haluza, D., Martin-Olmedo, P., and Medina, S.:
Assessing the public health impacts of urban air pollution in 25 European
cities: Results of the Aphekom project, Sci. Total Environ., 449, 390–400,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.01.077, 2013.
Peng, J., Hu, M., Guo, S., Du, Z., Zheng, J., Shang, D., Levy Zamora, M.,
Zeng, L., Shao, M., Wu, Y.-S., Zheng, J., Wang, Y., Glen, C. R., Collins, D.
R., Molina, M. J., and Zhang, R.: Markedly enhanced absorption and direct
radiative forcing of black carbon under polluted urban environments, P.
Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 113, 4266–4271, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1602310113,
2016.
Piafom: Ras Lanuf Oil Complex – Ras Lanuf, Libya 2008,
https://www.pifoam.ch/incidents (last access: 12 September 2019), 2018.
Pilewskie, P. and Valero, F. P. J.: Radiative effects of the smoke clouds
from the Kuwait oil fires, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 14541,
https://doi.org/10.1029/92JD01371, 1992.
Pokhrel, R. P., Wagner, N. L., Langridge, J. M., Lack, D. A., Jayarathne, T., Stone, E. A., Stockwell, C. E., Yokelson, R. J., and Murphy, S. M.: Parameterization of single-scattering albedo (SSA) and absorption Ångström exponent (AAE) with
Pope III, C. A., Burnett, R. T., Thun, M., J., Calle, E., E., Krewski, D.,
Ito, K., and Thurston, G. D.: Lung Cancer, Cardiopulmonary Mortality, and
Long-term Exposure to Fine Particulate Air Pollution, JAMA, 287, 1132,
https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.287.9.1132, 2002.
Popp, T., De Leeuw, G., Bingen, C., Brühl, C., Capelle, V., Chedin, A.,
Clarisse, L., Dubovik, O., Grainger, R., and Griesfeller, J.: Development,
production and evaluation of aerosol climate data records from European
satellite observations (Aerosol_cci), Remote Sensing, 8, 421, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8050421, 2016.
Powell, K. A., Hostetler, C. A., Vaughan, M. A., Lee, K.-P., Trepte, C. R.,
Rogers, R. R., Winker, D. M., Liu, Z., Kuehn, R. E., and Hunt, W. H.:
CALIPSO lidar calibration algorithms. Part I: Nighttime 532-nm parallel
channel and 532 nm perpendicular channel, J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 26,
2015–2033, 2009.
Qiao, F., Wang, G., Yin, L., Zeng, K., Zhang, Y., Zhang, M., Xiao, B.,
Jiang, S., Chen, H., and Chen, G.: Modelling oil trajectories and
potentially contaminated areas from the Sanchi oil spill, Sci. Total
Environ., 685, 856–866, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.255,
2019.
Radke, L. F., Hegg, D. A., Hobbs, P. V., Nance, J. D., Lyons, J. H.,
Laursen, K. K., Weiss, R. E., Riggan, P. J., and Ward, D. E.: Particulate
and trace gas emissions from large biomass fire in North America, in: Global
Biomass Burning: Atmospheric, Climatic, and Biospheric Implications, edited by: Levine, J. S, The MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 209–216, https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/3286.003.0032 1991.
Ramanathan, V. and Carmichael, G.: Global and regional climate changes due
to black carbon, Nat. Geosci., 1, 221–227,
https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo156, 2008.
Remer, L. A., Kaufman, Y. J., Tanré, D., Mattoo, S., Chu, D. A.,
Martins, J. V., Li, R.-R., Ichoku, C., Levy, R. C., Kleidman, R. G., Eck, T.
F., Vermote, E., and Holben, B. N.: The MODIS Aerosol Algorithm, Products,
and Validation, J. Atmos. Sci., 62, 947–973,
https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS3385.1, 2005.
Remer, L. A., Kleidman, R. G., Levy, R. C., Kaufman, Y. J., Tanré, D.,
Mattoo, S., Martins, J. V., Ichoku, C., Koren, I., Yu, H., and Holben, B.
N.: Global aerosol climatology from the MODIS satellite sensors, J. Geophys.
Res., 113, D14S07, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD009661, 2008.
Remer, L. A., Mattoo, S., Levy, R. C., and Munchak, L. A.: MODIS 3 km aerosol product: algorithm and global perspective, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 6, 1829–1844, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-1829-2013, 2013.
Reuters: Fire at Libyan oil port destroys up to 1.8 million barrels of
crude,
https://www.reuters.com/article/us-libya-security-oil/fire-at-libyan-oil-port-destroys-up-to-1-8-million-barrels-of-crude-idUSKBN0K810S20141230,
(last access: 12 September 2019), 2014.
Reuters: Fuel depot blaze in Ukraine kills five,
https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-crisis-fire-idUSKBN0OP0HB20150609,
(last access: 22 May 2019), 2015.
Reuters: Storage tank at Libya's Ras Lanuf oil port has collapsed: oil
workers,
https://www.reuters.com/article/us-libya-oil-security-tank/storage-tank-at-libyas-ras-lanuf-oil-port-has-collapsed-oil-workers-idUSKBN1JF1XS,
(last access: 12 September 2019), 2018.
Reuters: Costly Saudi defenses prove no match for drones, cruise missiles,
https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-aramco-security/costly-saudi-defenses-prove-no-match-for-drones-cruise-missiles-idUSKBN1W22FR,
(last access: 12 November 2019), 2019.
Riemer, N., West, M., Zaveri, R., and Easter, R.: Estimating black carbon
aging time-scales with a particle-resolved aerosol model, J. Aerosol Sci., 41,
143–158, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2009.08.009, 2010.
Ross, J. L., Waggoner, A. P., Hobbs, P. V., and Ferek, R. J.: Airborne lidar
measurements of a smoke plume produced by a controlled burn of crude oil on
the ocean, J. Air Waste Manag. Assoc., 46, 327–334, 1996.
Sadiq, M. and McCain, J. C.: The Gulf War Aftermath: an Environmental Tragedy, Springer Netherlands, Imprint, Springer, Dordrecht, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1685-5, 1993.
Samset, B. H., Stjern, C. W., Andrews, E., Kahn, R. A., Myhre, G., Schulz,
M., and Schuster, G. L.: Aerosol Absorption: Progress Towards Global and
Regional Constraints, Curr. Clim. Change Rep., 4, 65–83,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40641-018-0091-4, 2018.
Sayer, A. M., Govaerts, Y., Kolmonen, P., Lipponen, A., Luffarelli, M., Mielonen, T., Patadia, F., Popp, T., Povey, A. C., Stebel, K., and Witek, M. L.: A review and framework for the evaluation of pixel-level uncertainty estimates in satellite aerosol remote sensing, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 373–404, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-373-2020, 2020.
Schmidt, S., Mishra, B. K., and Wehrstedt, K.-D.: Cfd based reproduction of
amuay refinery accident 2012, Chem. Eng. Trans., 48, 7–12,
https://doi.org/10.3303/CET1648002, 2016.
Schutgens, N., Sayer, A. M., Heckel, A., Hsu, C., Jethva, H., de Leeuw, G., Leonard, P. J. T., Levy, R. C., Lipponen, A., Lyapustin, A., North, P., Popp, T., Poulsen, C., Sawyer, V., Sogacheva, L., Thomas, G., Torres, O., Wang, Y., Kinne, S., Schulz, M., and Stier, P.: An AeroCom–AeroSat study: intercomparison of satellite AOD datasets for aerosol model evaluation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 12431–12457, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-12431-2020, 2020.
Smith, T. C.: Are Gulf War Veterans Experiencing Illness due to Exposure to
Smoke from Kuwaiti Oil Well Fires? Examination of Department of Defense
Hospitalization Data, Am. J. Epidemiol., 155, 908–917,
https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/155.10.908, 2002.
Sogacheva, L., Popp, T., Sayer, A. M., Dubovik, O., Garay, M. J., Heckel, A., Hsu, N. C., Jethva, H., Kahn, R. A., Kolmonen, P., Kosmale, M., de Leeuw, G., Levy, R. C., Litvinov, P., Lyapustin, A., North, P., Torres, O., and Arola, A.: Merging regional and global aerosol optical depth records from major available satellite products, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 2031–2056, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-2031-2020, 2020.
Soulen, P. F., King, M. D., Tsay, S.-C., Arnold, G. T., and Li, J. Y.:
Airborne spectral measurements of surface-atmosphere anisotropy during the
SCAR-A, Kuwait oil fire, and TARFOX experiments, J. Geophys. Res., 105,
10203–10218, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JD901115, 2000.
Stevens, R., Pinto, J., Mamane, Y., Ondov, J., Abdulraheem, M., Al-Majed,
N., Sadek, M., Cofer, W., Ellenson, W., and Kellogg, R.: Chemical and
Physical Properties of Emissions from Kuwaiti Oil Fires, Water Sci.
Technol., 27, 223–233, https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0555, 1993.
Stocker, T., Qin, D., Plattner, G.-K., Tignor, M., Allen, S. K., Boschung,
J., Nauels, A., Xia, Y., Bex, V., and Midgley, P. M. (Eds.): Climate change
2013: the physical science basis: Working Group I contribution to the Fifth
assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change,
Cambridge university press, Cambridge, United Kingdom, New York, NY, USA,
1535 pp., ISBN: 1-107-05799-X, 2014.
Tackett, J. L., Winker, D. M., Getzewich, B. J., Vaughan, M. A., Young, S. A., and Kar, J.: CALIPSO lidar level 3 aerosol profile product: version 3 algorithm design, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 4129–4152, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-4129-2018, 2018.
Tanré, D., Kaufman, Y. J., Herman, M., and Mattoo, S.: Remote sensing of
aerosol properties over oceans using the MODIS/EOS spectral radiances, J.
Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 102, 16971–16988, 1997.
Targa, J., Kent, A., Stewart, R., Coleman, P., Bower, J., Webster, H.,
Taylor, J., Murray, V., Mohan, R., and Aus, C.: Initial review of Air
Quality aspects of the Buncefield Oil Depot Explosion, ED 48692, https://uk-air.defra.gov.uk/assets/documents/reports/cat05/0606201126_Buncefield_report_vF3_text2.pdf (last access: 5 January 2022), 2006.
The Christian Science Monitor: Qaddafi bombs oil facility in blow to Libya's
oil infrastructure,
https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Middle-East/2011/0309/Qaddafi-bombs-oil-facility-in-blow-to-Libya-s-oil-infrastructure,
(last access: 12 September 2019), 2011.
The Guardian: Gaddafi troops pound Libya rebels out of Ras Lanuf,
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/mar/10/ras-lanuf-rebel-retreat-libya,
(last access: 12 September 2019), 2011.
The Indian Express: Butcher Island fire put out after four days,
https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/butcher-island-fire-put-out-after-four-days-4884375/,
(last acess: 6 July 2019), 2017.
The Telegraph: Environmental disaster averted: how Libya (mis)handled recent
oil tank blaze,
https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/wikileaks-files/libya-wikileaks/8294856/ENVIRONMENTAL-DISASTER-AVERTED-HOW-LIBYA-MISHANDLED-RECENT-OIL-TANK-BLAZE.html,
(last access: 12 September 2019), 2011.
Tichý, L.: The Islamic State oil and gas strategy in North Africa,
Energy Strateg. Rev., 24, 254–260, 2019.
Tichý, L. and Eichler, J.: Terrorist Attacks on the Energy Sector: The
Case of Al Qaeda and the Islamic State, Stud. Confl. Terror.,
41, 450–473, https://doi.org/10.1080/1057610X.2017.1323469, 2018.
Vasanth, S., Tauseef, S. M., Abbasi, T., and Abbasi, S. A.: Multiple pool
fires: Occurrence, simulation, modeling and management, J. Loss Prevent. Proc., 29, 103–121, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2014.01.005, 2014.
Vaughan, M. A., Powell, K. A., Winker, D. M., Hostetler, C. A., Kuehn, R.
E., Hunt, W. H., Getzewich, B. J., Young, S. A., Liu, Z., and McGill, M. J.:
Fully Automated Detection of Cloud and Aerosol Layers in the CALIPSO Lidar
Measurements, J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 26, 2034–2050,
https://doi.org/10.1175/2009JTECHA1228.1, 2009.
Vaughan, M., Garnier, A., Josset, D., Avery, M., Lee, K.-P., Liu, Z., Hunt, W., Pelon, J., Hu, Y., Burton, S., Hair, J., Tackett, J. L., Getzewich, B., Kar, J., and Rodier, S.: CALIPSO lidar calibration at 1064 nm: version 4 algorithm, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 51–82, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-51-2019, 2019.
Vautard, R., Ciais, P., Fisher, R., Lowry, D., Bréon, F. M., Vogel, F.,
Levin, I., Miglietta, F., and Nisbet, E.: The dispersion of the Buncefield
oil fire plume: An extreme accident without air quality consequences, Atmos.
Environ., 41, 9506–9517, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.08.055,
2007.
Virtanen, T. H., Kolmonen, P., Sogacheva, L., Rodríguez, E., Saponaro, G., and de Leeuw, G.: Collocation mismatch uncertainties in satellite aerosol retrieval validation, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 925–938, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-925-2018, 2018.
Wang, Y., Jiang, J. H., and Su, H.: Atmospheric responses to the
redistribution of anthropogenic aerosols, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 120,
9625–9641, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JD023665, 2015.
Wei, X., Chang, N.-B., Bai, K., and Gao, W.: Satellite remote sensing of
aerosol optical depth: advances, challenges, and perspectives, Crit. Rev.
Env. Sci. Tec., 50, 1640–1725,
https://doi.org/10.1080/10643389.2019.1665944, 2020.
Winker, D.: CALIPSO LID L1 Standard HDF File – Version 4.10, Earth data [data set], https://doi.org/10.5067/CALIOP/CALIPSO/LID_L1-STANDARD-V4-10, 2016.
Winker, D.: CALIPSO Lidar Level 2 5 km Aerosol Layer Data V4-20,
Earth data [data set], https://doi.org/10.5067/CALIOP/CALIPSO/LID_L2_05KMALAY-STANDARD-V4-20, 2018a.
Winker, D.: CALIPSO Lidar Level 2 Aerosol Profile Data V4-20, Earth data [data set], https://doi.org/10.5067/CALIOP/CALIPSO/LID_L2_05KMAPRO-STANDARD-V4-20, 2018b.
Winker, D.: CALIPSO Lidar Level 2 Vertical Feature Mask Data V4-20, Earth data [data set],
https://doi.org/10.5067/CALIOP/CALIPSO/LID_L2_VFM-STANDARD-V4-20, 2018c.
Winker, D. M., Vaughan, M. A., Omar, A., Hu, Y., Powell, K. A., Liu, Z.,
Hunt, W. H., and Young, S. A.: Overview of the CALIPSO Mission and CALIOP
Data Processing Algorithms, J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 26, 2310–2323,
https://doi.org/10.1175/2009JTECHA1281.1, 2009.
World Meteorological Organization: Report of the second WMO meeting of experts to assess the response to the atmospheric effects of the Kuwait oil
fires, WMO/TD No. 512, 1993.
Young, S. A. and Vaughan, M. A.: The Retrieval of Profiles of Particulate
Extinction from Cloud-Aerosol Lidar Infrared Pathfinder Satellite
Observations (CALIPSO) Data: Algorithm Description, J. Atmos. Ocean.
Tech., 26, 1105–1119, https://doi.org/10.1175/2008JTECHA1221.1, 2009.
Young, S. A., Vaughan, M. A., Kuehn, R. E., and Winker, D. M.: The Retrieval
of Profiles of Particulate Extinction from Cloud–Aerosol Lidar and Infrared
Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) Data: Uncertainty and Error
Sensitivity Analyses, J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 30, 395–428,
https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-12-00046.1, 2013.
Young, S. A., Vaughan, M. A., Garnier, A., Tackett, J. L., Lambeth, J. D., and Powell, K. A.: Extinction and optical depth retrievals for CALIPSO's Version 4 data release, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 5701–5727, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-5701-2018, 2018.
Zhang, K. and Batterman, S.: Air pollution and health risks due to vehicle
traffic, Sci. Total Environ., 450, 307–316, 2013.
Zhang, Q., Jiang, X., Tong, D., Davis, S. J., Zhao, H., Geng, G., Feng, T.,
Zheng, B., Lu, Z., Streets, D. G., Ni, R., Brauer, M., van Donkelaar, A.,
Martin, R. V., Huo, H., Liu, Z., Pan, D., Kan, H., Yan, Y., Lin, J., He, K.,
and Guan, D.: Transboundary health impacts of transported global air
pollution and international trade, Nature, 543, 705–709,
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature21712, 2017.
Short summary
In this study we analysed oil smoke plumes from 30 major industrial events within a 12-year timeframe. To our knowledge, this is the first study of its kind that uses a synergetic approach based on satellite remote sensing techniques. Satellite data offer access to these events, which are mainly located in war-prone or hazardous areas. Our study highlights the need for improved aerosol models and algorithms for these types of aerosols with implications on air quality and climate change.
In this study we analysed oil smoke plumes from 30 major industrial events within a 12-year...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint