Articles | Volume 16, issue 19
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-12457-2016
© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-12457-2016
© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Monthly and spatially resolved black carbon emission inventory of India: uncertainty analysis
Umed Paliwal
Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, 208016, India
Mukesh Sharma
Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, 208016, India
John F. Burkhart
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Norway
Sierra Nevada Research Institute, University of California, Merced, California, USA
Related authors
No articles found.
John F. Burkhart, Felix N. Matt, Sigbjørn Helset, Yisak Sultan Abdella, Ola Skavhaug, and Olga Silantyeva
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 821–842, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-821-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-821-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We present a new hydrologic modeling framework for interactive development of inflow forecasts for hydropower production planning and other operational environments (e.g., flood forecasting). The software provides a Python user interface with an application programming interface (API) for a computationally optimized C++ model engine, giving end users extensive control over the model configuration in real time during a simulation. This provides for extensive experimentation with configuration.
Aynom T. Teweldebrhan, Thomas V. Schuler, John F. Burkhart, and Morten Hjorth-Jensen
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 4641–4658, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-4641-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-4641-2020, 2020
Ignacio Pisso, Espen Sollum, Henrik Grythe, Nina I. Kristiansen, Massimo Cassiani, Sabine Eckhardt, Delia Arnold, Don Morton, Rona L. Thompson, Christine D. Groot Zwaaftink, Nikolaos Evangeliou, Harald Sodemann, Leopold Haimberger, Stephan Henne, Dominik Brunner, John F. Burkhart, Anne Fouilloux, Jerome Brioude, Anne Philipp, Petra Seibert, and Andreas Stohl
Geosci. Model Dev., 12, 4955–4997, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-4955-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-4955-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We present the latest release of the Lagrangian transport model FLEXPART, which simulates the transport, diffusion, dry and wet deposition, radioactive decay, and 1st-order chemical reactions of atmospheric tracers. The model has been recently updated both technically and in the representation of physicochemical processes. We describe the changes, document the most recent input and output files, provide working examples, and introduce testing capabilities.
Sauvik Santra, Shubha Verma, Koji Fujita, Indrajit Chakraborty, Olivier Boucher, Toshihiko Takemura, John F. Burkhart, Felix Matt, and Mukesh Sharma
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 2441–2460, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-2441-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-2441-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The present study provided information on specific glaciers over the Hindu Kush Himalayan region identified as being vulnerable to BC-induced impacts (affected by high BC-induced snow albedo reduction in addition to being sensitive to BC-induced impacts), thus impacting the downstream hydrology. The source-specific contribution to atmospheric BC aerosols by emission sources led to identifying the potential emission source, which was distinctive over south and north to 30° N.
Aynom T. Teweldebrhan, John F. Burkhart, and Thomas V. Schuler
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 5021–5039, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-5021-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-5021-2018, 2018
Felix N. Matt, John F. Burkhart, and Joni-Pekka Pietikäinen
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 179–201, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-179-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-179-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Certain particles that have the ability to absorb sunlight deposit onto mountain snow via atmospheric transport mechanisms and then lower the snow's ability to reflect sunlight, which increases snowmelt. Herein we present a model aiming to simulate this effect and model the impacts on the streamflow of a southern Norwegian river. We find a significant difference in streamflow between simulations with and without the effect of light absorbing particles applied, in particular during spring melt.
John Faulkner Burkhart, Arve Kylling, Crystal B. Schaaf, Zhuosen Wang, Wiley Bogren, Rune Storvold, Stian Solbø, Christina A. Pedersen, and Sebastian Gerland
The Cryosphere, 11, 1575–1589, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-1575-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-1575-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We present the first use of spectrometer measurements from a drone to assess reflectance and albedo over the Greenland Ice Sheet. In order to measure albedo – a critical parameter in the earth's energy balance – a drone was flown along 200 km transects coincident with Terra and Aqua satellites flying MODIS. We present a direct comparison of UAV-measured reflectance with satellite data over Greenland and provide a new method to study cryospheric surfaces using UAV with spectral instruments.
Wiley Steven Bogren, John Faulkner Burkhart, and Arve Kylling
The Cryosphere, 10, 613–622, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-613-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-613-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The magnitude and makeup of error in cryospheric radiation observations due to small sensor misalignment in in situ measurements of solar irradiance is evaluated. It is shown that relatively minor sensor misalignments give significant errors in irradiance and hence albedo measurements. The total measurement error introduced by sensor tilt is dominated by the direct component. Significant measurement error can also persist in integrated daily irradiance and albedo.
L. J. Kramer, D. Helmig, J. F. Burkhart, A. Stohl, S. Oltmans, and R. E. Honrath
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 6827–6849, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-6827-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-6827-2015, 2015
J. Brioude, D. Arnold, A. Stohl, M. Cassiani, D. Morton, P. Seibert, W. Angevine, S. Evan, A. Dingwell, J. D. Fast, R. C. Easter, I. Pisso, J. Burkhart, and G. Wotawa
Geosci. Model Dev., 6, 1889–1904, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-6-1889-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-6-1889-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Subject: Aerosols | Research Activity: Atmospheric Modelling | Altitude Range: Troposphere | Science Focus: Chemistry (chemical composition and reactions)
Impacts of estimated plume rise on PM2.5 exceedance prediction during extreme wildfire events: a comparison of three schemes (Briggs, Freitas, and Sofiev)
Strong particle production and condensational growth in the upper troposphere sustained by biogenic VOCs from the canopy of the Amazon Basin
Sources of organic aerosols in eastern China: a modeling study with high-resolution intermediate-volatility and semivolatile organic compound emissions
Modelling the European wind-blown dust emissions and their impact on PM concentrations
Composited analyses of the chemical and physical characteristics of co-polluted days by ozone and PM2.5 over 2013–2020 in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region
Observation-based constraints on modeled aerosol surface area: implications for heterogeneous chemistry
Analysis of new particle nucleation events and comparisons to simulations of particle number concentrations based on GEOS-Chem/APM in Beijing, China
Oligomer formation from the gas-phase reactions of Criegee intermediates with hydroperoxide esters: mechanism and kinetics
Modelling SO2 conversion into sulfates in the mid-troposphere with a 3D chemistry transport model: the case of Mount Etna's eruption on 12 April 2012
Simulation of organic aerosol, its precursors and related oxidants in the Landes pine forest in south-western France: Need to account for domain specific land-use and physical conditions
Global distribution of Asian, Middle Eastern, and North African dust simulated by CESM1/CARMA
Opinion: Coordinated development of emission inventories for climate forcers and air pollutants
Linking gas, particulate, and toxic endpoints to air emissions in the Community Regional Atmospheric Chemistry Multiphase Mechanism (CRACMM) version 1.0
Contribution of regional aerosol nucleation to low-level CCN in an Amazonian deep convective environment: Results from a regionally nested global model
Seasonal modeling analysis of nitrate formation pathways in Yangtze River Delta region, China
Foreign emissions exacerbate PM2.5 pollution in China through nitrate chemistry
Modeling radiative and climatic effects of brown carbon aerosols with the ARPEGE-Climat global climate model
Numerical simulation of the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on tropospheric composition and aerosol radiative forcing in Europe
Evaluation of the WRF and CHIMERE models for the simulation of PM2.5 in large East African urban conurbations
Impact of urban heat island on inorganic aerosol in the lower free troposphere: a case study in Hangzhou, China
Statistical and machine learning methods for evaluating trends in air quality under changing meteorological conditions
Simulating the radiative forcing of oceanic dimethylsulfide (DMS) in Asia based on machine learning estimates
Quantifying the effects of mixing state on aerosol optical properties
Secondary organic aerosol formation via multiphase reaction of hydrocarbons in urban atmospheres using CAMx integrated with the UNIPAR model
Contrasting source contributions of Arctic black carbon to atmospheric concentrations, deposition flux, and atmospheric and snow radiative effects
Effect of dust on rainfall over the Red Sea coast based on WRF-Chem model simulations
A new assessment of global and regional budgets, fluxes, and lifetimes of atmospheric reactive N and S gases and aerosols
Limitations in representation of physical processes prevent successful simulation of PM2.5 during KORUS-AQ
Eurodelta multi-model simulated and observed particulate matter trends in Europe in the period of 1990–2010
Elucidating the critical oligomeric steps in secondary organic aerosol and brown carbon formation
Fast climate responses to emission reductions in aerosol and ozone precursors in China during 2013–2017
Secondary PM2.5 decreases significantly less than NO2 emission reductions during COVID lockdown in Germany
Molecular-level nucleation mechanism of iodic acid and methanesulfonic acid
Estimation of secondary PM2.5 in China and the United States using a multi-tracer approach
Two-way coupled meteorology and air quality models in Asia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of impacts of aerosol feedbacks on meteorology and air quality
OCEANFILMS (Organic Compounds from Ecosystems to Aerosols: Natural Films and Interfaces via Langmuir Molecular Surfactants) sea spray organic aerosol emissions – implementation in a global climate model and impacts on clouds
The pathway of impacts of aerosol direct effects on secondary inorganic aerosol formation
The impact of molecular self-organisation on the atmospheric fate of a cooking aerosol proxy
The formation and mitigation of nitrate pollution: comparison between urban and suburban environments
Impacts of aerosol–photolysis interaction and aerosol–radiation feedback on surface-layer ozone in North China during multi-pollutant air pollution episodes
Reducing future air-pollution-related premature mortality over Europe by mitigating emissions from the energy sector: assessing an 80 % renewable energies scenario
The impact of chlorine chemistry combined with heterogeneous N2O5 reactions on air quality in China
OH-initiated atmospheric degradation of hydroxyalkyl hydroperoxides: mechanism, kinetics, and structure–activity relationship
A predictive viscosity model for aqueous electrolytes and mixed organic–inorganic aerosol phases
The role of organic acids in new particle formation from methanesulfonic acid and methylamine
The number fraction of iron-containing particles affects OH, HO2 and H2O2 budgets in the atmospheric aqueous phase
Source-resolved variability of fine particulate matter and human exposure in an urban area
The impact of atmospheric blocking on the compounding effect of ozone pollution and temperature: a copula-based approach
Exploring dimethyl sulfide (DMS) oxidation and implications for global aerosol radiative forcing
Modelling changes in secondary inorganic aerosol formation and nitrogen deposition in Europe from 2005 to 2030
Yunyao Li, Daniel Tong, Siqi Ma, Saulo R. Freitas, Ravan Ahmadov, Mikhail Sofiev, Xiaoyang Zhang, Shobha Kondragunta, Ralph Kahn, Youhua Tang, Barry Baker, Patrick Campbell, Rick Saylor, Georg Grell, and Fangjun Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 3083–3101, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3083-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3083-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Plume height is important in wildfire smoke dispersion and affects air quality and human health. We assess the impact of plume height on wildfire smoke dispersion and the exceedances of the National Ambient Air Quality Standards. A higher plume height predicts lower pollution near the source region, but higher pollution in downwind regions, due to the faster spread of the smoke once ejected, affects pollution exceedance forecasts and the early warning of extreme air pollution events.
Yunfan Liu, Hang Su, Siwen Wang, Chao Wei, Wei Tao, Mira L. Pöhlker, Christopher Pöhlker, Bruna A. Holanda, Ovid O. Krüger, Thorsten Hoffmann, Manfred Wendisch, Paulo Artaxo, Ulrich Pöschl, Meinrat O. Andreae, and Yafang Cheng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 251–272, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-251-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-251-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The origins of the abundant cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) in the upper troposphere (UT) of the Amazon remain unclear. With model developments of new secondary organic aerosol schemes and constrained by observation, we show that strong aerosol nucleation and condensation in the UT is triggered by biogenic organics, and organic condensation is key for UT CCN production. This UT CCN-producing mechanism may prevail over broader vegetation canopies and deserves emphasis in aerosol–climate feedback.
Jingyu An, Cheng Huang, Dandan Huang, Momei Qin, Huan Liu, Rusha Yan, Liping Qiao, Min Zhou, Yingjie Li, Shuhui Zhu, Qian Wang, and Hongli Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 323–344, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-323-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-323-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This paper aims to build up an approach to establish a high-resolution emission inventory of intermediate-volatility and semi-volatile organic compounds in city-scale and detailed source categories and incorporate it into the CMAQ model. We believe this approach can be widely applied to improve the simulation of secondary organic aerosol and its source contributions.
Marina Liaskoni, Peter Huszar, Lukáš Bartík, Alvaro Patricio Prieto Perez, Jan Karlický, and Ondřej Vlček
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-804, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-804, 2023
Revised manuscript accepted for ACP
Short summary
Short summary
Wind-blown dust (WBD) emissions emitted from European soils are estimated for the 2007–2016 period and their impact on the total particulate matter (PM) concentration is calculated. We found considerable increase of PM concentrations due to such emissions, especially during selected days (rather than in seasonal average). We also found that WBD emissions are strongest over western Europe and the highest impacts on PM are calculated for this region.
Huibin Dai, Hong Liao, Ke Li, Xu Yue, Yang Yang, Jia Zhu, Jianbing Jin, Baojie Li, and Xingwen Jiang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 23–39, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-23-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-23-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We apply the 3-D global chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) to simulate co-polluted days by O3 and PM2.5 (O3–PM2.5PDs) in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei in 2013–2020 and investigate the chemical and physical characteristics of O3–PM2.5PDs by composited analyses of such days that are captured by both the observations and the model. We report for the first time the unique features in vertical distributions of aerosols during O3–PM2.5PDs and the physical and chemical characteristics of O3–PM2.5PDs.
Rachel A. Bergin, Monica Harkey, Alicia Hoffman, Richard H. Moore, Bruce Anderson, Andreas Beyersdorf, Luke Ziemba, Lee Thornhill, Edward Winstead, Tracey Holloway, and Timothy H. Bertram
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 15449–15468, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15449-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15449-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Correctly predicting aerosol surface area concentrations is important for determining the rate of heterogeneous reactions in chemical transport models. Here, we compare aircraft measurements of aerosol surface area with a regional model. In polluted air masses, we show that the model underpredicts aerosol surface area by a factor of 2. Despite this disagreement, the representation of heterogeneous chemistry still dominates the overall uncertainty in the loss rate of molecules such as N2O5.
Kun Wang, Xiaoyan Ma, Rong Tian, and Fangqun Yu
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-797, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-797, 2022
Revised manuscript accepted for ACP
Short summary
Short summary
During March 12th to April 6th, 2016 in Beijing, there were 11 typical new particle formation days, 13 non-event days and 2 undefined days. We first analyzed the favorable background of new particle formation in Beijing, and then obtained the quantitative meteorological and solar radiation conditions of new particle formation. In addition, we conducted the simulations using four nucleation schemes based on a global chemistry transport model (GEOS-Chem) to understand the nucleation mechanism.
Long Chen, Yu Huang, Yonggang Xue, Zhihui Jia, and Wenliang Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 14529–14546, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14529-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14529-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Quantum chemical methods are applied to gain insight into the oligomerization reaction mechanisms and kinetics of distinct stabilized Criegee intermediate (SCI) reactions with hydroperoxide esters, where calculations show that SCI addition reactions with hydroperoxide esters proceed through the successive insertion of SCIs to form oligomers that involve SCIs as the repeating unit. The saturated vapor pressure of the formed oligomers decreases monotonically with the increasing number of SCIs.
Mathieu Lachatre, Sylvain Mailler, Laurent Menut, Arineh Cholakian, Pasquale Sellitto, Guillaume Siour, Henda Guermazi, Giuseppe Salerno, and Salvatore Giammanco
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 13861–13879, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13861-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13861-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we have evaluated the predominance of various pathways of volcanic SO2 conversion to sulfates in the upper troposphere. We show that the main conversion pathway was gaseous oxidation by OH, although the liquid pathways were expected to be predominant. These results are interesting with respect to a better understanding of sulfate formation in the middle and upper troposphere and are an important component to help evaluate particulate matter radiative forcing.
Arineh Cholakian, Matthias Beekmann, Guillaume Siour, Isabelle Coll, Manuela Cirtog, Elena Ormeno, Pierre-Marie Flaud, Emilie Perraudin, and Eric Villenave
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-697, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-697, 2022
Revised manuscript accepted for ACP
Short summary
Short summary
This article revolves around the simulation of biogenic secondary organic aerosols in the Landes forest (south-west France). In order to do so, several sensitivity cases involving biogenic emission factors, landcover data, anthropogenic emissions and physical parameters were performed and each compared to measurements both in the forest canopy and around the forest. The chemistry behind the formation of these aerosols and their production and transport in the forest canopy are discussed.
Siying Lian, Luxi Zhou, Daniel M. Murphy, Karl D. Froyd, Owen B. Toon, and Pengfei Yu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 13659–13676, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13659-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13659-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Parameterizations of dust lifting and microphysical properties of dust in climate models are still subject to large uncertainty. Here we use a sectional aerosol climate model to investigate the global vertical distributions of the dust. Constrained by a suite of observations, the model suggests that, although North African dust dominates global dust mass loading at the surface, the relative contribution of Asian dust increases with altitude and becomes dominant in the upper troposphere.
Steven J. Smith, Erin E. McDuffie, and Molly Charles
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 13201–13218, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13201-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13201-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Emissions into the atmosphere of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and air pollutants, quantified in emission inventories, impact human health, ecosystems, and the climate. We review how air pollutant and GHG inventory activities have historically been structured and their different uses and requirements. We discuss the benefits of increasing coordination between air pollutant and GHG inventory development efforts, but also caution that there are differences in appropriate methodologies and applications.
Havala O. T. Pye, Bryan K. Place, Benjamin N. Murphy, Karl M. Seltzer, Emma L. D'Ambro, Christine Allen, Ivan R. Piletic, Sara Farrell, Rebecca H. Schwantes, Matthew M. Coggon, Emily Saunders, Lu Xu, Golam Sarwar, William T. Hutzell, Kristen M. Foley, George Pouliot, Jesse Bash, and William R. Stockwell
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-695, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-695, 2022
Revised manuscript accepted for ACP
Short summary
Short summary
Chemical mechanisms describe how emissions from vehicles, chemical products, vegetation, and other sources are chemically transformed in the atmosphere to secondary products. The Community Regional Atmospheric Chemistry Multiphase Mechanism is a new mechanism that integrates radical chemistry leading to gas-phase endpoints with pathways to fine particle mass. In addition, some hazardous air pollutants are explicitly included to enable calculation of health risks from specific chemicals.
Xuemei Wang, Hamish Gordon, Daniel P. Grosvenor, Meinrat O. Andreae, and Ken S. Carslaw
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-705, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-705, 2022
Revised manuscript accepted for ACP
Short summary
Short summary
New particle formation in the upper troposphere is important for the global boundary layer aerosol population and they can be transported downward in Amazonia. We use a global and a regional model to quantify the number of aerosols that are formed at high altitude and transported downward in a 1000 km region. We find that the majority of the aerosols are from outside the region. This suggests that the 1000 km region is unlikely to be a ‘closed loop’ for aerosol formation, transport and growth.
Jinjin Sun, Momei Qin, Xiaodong Xie, Wenxing Fu, Yang Qin, Li Sheng, Lin Li, Jingyi Li, Ishaq Dimeji Sulaymon, Lei Jiang, Lin Huang, Xingna Yu, and Jianlin Hu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 12629–12646, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12629-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12629-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
NO3- has become the dominant and the least reduced chemical component of fine particulate matter in China. NO3- formation is mostly in the NH3-rich regime in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD). OH + NO2 contributes 60 %–83 % of the TNO3 production rates, and the N2O5 heterogeneous pathway contributes 10 %–36 %. The N2O5 heterogeneous pathway becomes more important in cold seasons. Local emissions and regional transportation contribute 50 %–62 % and 38 %–50 % to YRD NO3- concentrations, respectively.
Jun-Wei Xu, Jintai Lin, Gan Luo, Jamiu Adeniran, and Hao Kong
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-646, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-646, 2022
Revised manuscript accepted for ACP
Short summary
Short summary
Research on the sources of Chinese PM2.5 pollution has focused on the contributions of China’s domestic emissions. However, the impact of foreign anthropogenic emissions has typically been simplified or neglected. Here we find that foreign anthropogenic emissions play an important role in Chinese PM2.5 pollution through chemical interactions between transported pollutants and China’s local emissions. Thus, foreign emission reductions are essential for improving Chinese air quality.
Thomas Drugé, Pierre Nabat, Marc Mallet, Martine Michou, Samuel Rémy, and Oleg Dubovik
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 12167–12205, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12167-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12167-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents the implementation of brown carbon in the atmospheric component of the CNRM global climate model and particularly in its aerosol scheme TACTIC. Several simulations were carried out with this climate model, over the period 2000–2014, to evaluate the model by comparison with different reference datasets (PARASOL-GRASP, OMI-OMAERUVd, MACv2, FMI_SAT, AERONET) and to analyze the brown carbon radiative and climatic effects.
Simon F. Reifenberg, Anna Martin, Matthias Kohl, Sara Bacer, Zaneta Hamryszczak, Ivan Tadic, Lenard Röder, Daniel J. Crowley, Horst Fischer, Katharina Kaiser, Johannes Schneider, Raphael Dörich, John N. Crowley, Laura Tomsche, Andreas Marsing, Christiane Voigt, Andreas Zahn, Christopher Pöhlker, Bruna A. Holanda, Ovid Krüger, Ulrich Pöschl, Mira Pöhlker, Patrick Jöckel, Marcel Dorf, Ulrich Schumann, Jonathan Williams, Birger Bohn, Joachim Curtius, Hardwig Harder, Hans Schlager, Jos Lelieveld, and Andrea Pozzer
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 10901–10917, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10901-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10901-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In this work we use a combination of observational data from an aircraft campaign and model results to investigate the effect of the European lockdown due to COVID-19 in spring 2020. Using model results, we show that the largest relative changes to the atmospheric composition caused by the reduced emissions are located in the upper troposphere around aircraft cruise altitude, while the largest absolute changes are present at the surface.
Andrea Mazzeo, Michael Burrow, Andrew Quinn, Eloise A. Marais, Ajit Singh, David Ng'ang'a, Michael J. Gatari, and Francis D. Pope
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 10677–10701, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10677-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10677-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A modelling system for meteorology and chemistry transport processes, WRF–CHIMERE, has been tested and validated for three East African conurbations using the most up-to-date anthropogenic emissions available. Results show that the model is able to reproduce hourly and daily temporal variabilities in aerosol concentrations that are close to observations in both urban and rural environments, encouraging the adoption of numerical modelling as a tool for air quality management in East Africa.
Hanqing Kang, Bin Zhu, Gerrit de Leeuw, Bu Yu, Ronald J. van der A, and Wen Lu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 10623–10634, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10623-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10623-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study quantified the contribution of each urban-induced meteorological effect (temperature, humidity, and circulation) to aerosol concentration. We found that the urban heat island (UHI) circulation dominates the UHI effects on aerosol. The UHI circulation transports aerosol and its precursor gases from the warmer lower boundary layer to the colder lower free troposphere and promotes the secondary formation of ammonium nitrate aerosol in the cold atmosphere.
Minghao Qiu, Corwin Zigler, and Noelle E. Selin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 10551–10566, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10551-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10551-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Evaluating impacts of emission changes on air quality requires accounting for meteorological variability. Many studies use simple regression methods to correct for meteorology, but little is known about their performance. Using cases in the US and China, we show that widely used regression models do not perform well and can lead to biased estimates of emission-driven trends. We propose a novel machine learning method with lower bias and provide recommendations to policymakers and researchers.
Junri Zhao, Weichun Ma, Kelsey R. Bilsback, Jeffrey R. Pierce, Shengqian Zhou, Ying Chen, Guipeng Yang, and Yan Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 9583–9600, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9583-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9583-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Marine dimethylsulfide (DMS) emissions play important roles in atmospheric sulfur cycle and climate effects. In this study, DMS emissions were estimated by using the machine learning method and drove the global 3D chemical transport model to simulate their climate effects. To our knowledge, this is the first study in the Asian region that quantifies the combined impacts of DMS on sulfate, particle number concentration, and radiative forcings.
Yu Yao, Jeffrey H. Curtis, Joseph Ching, Zhonghua Zheng, and Nicole Riemer
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 9265–9282, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9265-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9265-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Investigating the impacts of aerosol mixing state on aerosol optical properties has a long history from both the modeling and experimental perspective. In this study, we used particle-resolved simulations as a benchmark to determine the error in optical properties when using simplified aerosol representations. We found that errors in single scattering albedo due to the internal mixture assumptions can have substantial effects on calculating aerosol direct radiative forcing.
Zechen Yu, Myoseon Jang, Soontae Kim, Kyuwon Son, Sanghee Han, Azad Madhu, and Jinsoo Park
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 9083–9098, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9083-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9083-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The UNIPAR model was incorporated into CAMx to predict the ambient concentration of organic matter in urban atmospheres during the KORUS-AQ campaign. CAMx–UNIPAR significantly improved the simulation of SOA formation under the wet aerosol condition through the consideration of aqueous reactions of reactive organic species and gas–aqueous partitioning into the wet inorganic aerosol.
Hitoshi Matsui, Tatsuhiro Mori, Sho Ohata, Nobuhiro Moteki, Naga Oshima, Kumiko Goto-Azuma, Makoto Koike, and Yutaka Kondo
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 8989–9009, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8989-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8989-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Using a global aerosol model, we find that the source contributions to radiative effects of black carbon (BC) in the Arctic are quite different from those to mass concentrations and deposition flux of BC in the Arctic. This is because microphysical properties (e.g., mixing state), altitudes, and seasonal variations of BC in the atmosphere differ among emissions sources. These differences need to be considered for accurate simulations of Arctic BC and its source contributions and climate impacts.
Sagar P. Parajuli, Georgiy L. Stenchikov, Alexander Ukhov, Suleiman Mostamandi, Paul A. Kucera, Duncan Axisa, William I. Gustafson Jr., and Yannian Zhu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 8659–8682, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8659-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8659-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Rainfall affects the distribution of surface- and groundwater resources, which are constantly declining over the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) due to overexploitation. Here, we explored the effects of dust on rainfall using WRF-Chem model simulations. Although dust is considered a nuisance from an air quality perspective, our results highlight the positive fundamental role of dust particles in modulating rainfall formation and distribution, which has implications for cloud seeding.
Yao Ge, Massimo Vieno, David S. Stevenson, Peter Wind, and Mathew R. Heal
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 8343–8368, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8343-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8343-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Reactive N and S gases and aerosols are critical determinants of air quality. We report a comprehensive analysis of the concentrations, wet and dry deposition, fluxes, and lifetimes of these species globally as well as for 10 world regions. We used the EMEP MSC-W model coupled with WRF meteorology and 2015 global emissions. Our work demonstrates the substantial regional variation in these quantities and the need for modelling to simulate atmospheric responses to precursor emissions.
Katherine R. Travis, James H. Crawford, Gao Chen, Carolyn E. Jordan, Benjamin A. Nault, Hwajin Kim, Jose L. Jimenez, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Jack E. Dibb, Jung-Hun Woo, Younha Kim, Shixian Zhai, Xuan Wang, Erin E. McDuffie, Gan Luo, Fangqun Yu, Saewung Kim, Isobel J. Simpson, Donald R. Blake, Limseok Chang, and Michelle J. Kim
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 7933–7958, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7933-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7933-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The 2016 Korea–United States Air Quality (KORUS-AQ) field campaign provided a unique set of observations to improve our understanding of PM2.5 pollution in South Korea. Models typically have errors in simulating PM2.5 in this region, which is of concern for the development of control measures. We use KORUS-AQ observations to improve our understanding of the mechanisms driving PM2.5 and the implications of model errors for determining PM2.5 that is attributable to local or foreign sources.
Svetlana Tsyro, Wenche Aas, Augustin Colette, Camilla Andersson, Bertrand Bessagnet, Giancarlo Ciarelli, Florian Couvidat, Kees Cuvelier, Astrid Manders, Kathleen Mar, Mihaela Mircea, Noelia Otero, Maria-Teresa Pay, Valentin Raffort, Yelva Roustan, Mark R. Theobald, Marta G. Vivanco, Hilde Fagerli, Peter Wind, Gino Briganti, Andrea Cappelletti, Massimo D'Isidoro, and Mario Adani
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 7207–7257, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7207-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7207-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Particulate matter (PM) air pollution causes adverse health effects. In Europe, the emissions caused by anthropogenic activities have been reduced in the last decades. To assess the efficiency of emission reductions in improving air quality, we have studied the evolution of PM pollution in Europe. Simulations with six air quality models and observational data indicate a decrease in PM concentrations by 10 % to 30 % across Europe from 2000 to 2010, which is mainly a result of emission reductions.
Yuemeng Ji, Qiuju Shi, Xiaohui Ma, Lei Gao, Jiaxin Wang, Yixin Li, Yanpeng Gao, Guiying Li, Renyi Zhang, and Taicheng An
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 7259–7271, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7259-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7259-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The formation mechanisms of secondary organic aerosol and brown carbon from small α-carbonyls are still unclear. Thus, the mechanisms and kinetics of aqueous-phase reactions of glyoxal were investigated using quantum chemical and kinetic rate calculations. Several essential isomeric processes were identified, including protonation to yield diol/tetrol and carbenium ions as well as nucleophilic addition of carbenium ions to diol/tetrol and free methylamine/ammonia.
Jiyuan Gao, Yang Yang, Hailong Wang, Pinya Wang, Huimin Li, Mengyun Li, Lili Ren, Xu Yue, and Hong Liao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 7131–7142, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7131-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7131-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
China has been implementing a sequence of policies for clean air since the year 2013. The aerosol decline produced a 0.09 ± 0.10°C warming during 2013–2017 estimated in this study, and the increase in ozone in the lower troposphere during this time period accelerated the warming, leading to a total 0.16 ± 0.15°C temperature increase in eastern China. Residential emission reductions led to a cooling effect because of a substantial decrease in light-absorbing aerosols.
Vigneshkumar Balamurugan, Jia Chen, Zhen Qu, Xiao Bi, and Frank N. Keutsch
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 7105–7129, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7105-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7105-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we investigated the response of secondary pollutants to changes in precursor emissions, focusing on the formation of secondary PM, during the COVID-19 lockdown period. We show that, due to the decrease in primary NOx emissions, atmospheric oxidizing capacity is increased. The nighttime increase in ozone, caused by less NO titration, results in higher NO3 radicals, which contribute significantly to the formation of PM nitrates. O3 should be limited in order to control PM pollution.
An Ning, Ling Liu, Lin Ji, and Xiuhui Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 6103–6114, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6103-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6103-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Iodic acid (IA) and methanesulfonic acid (MSA) were previously proved to be significant nucleation precursors in marine areas. However, the nucleation process involved in IA and MSA remains unclear. We show the enhancement of MSA on IA cluster formation and reveal the IAM-SA nucleating mechanism using a theoretical approach. This study helps to understand the clustering process in which marine sulfur- and iodine-containing species are jointly involved and its impact on new particle formation.
Haoran Zhang, Nan Li, Keqin Tang, Hong Liao, Chong Shi, Cheng Huang, Hongli Wang, Song Guo, Min Hu, Xinlei Ge, Mindong Chen, Zhenxin Liu, Huan Yu, and Jianlin Hu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 5495–5514, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5495-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5495-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a new algorithm with low economic/technique costs to identify primary and secondary components of PM2.5. Our model was shown to be reliable by comparison with different observation datasets. We systematically explored the patterns and changes in the secondary PM2.5 pollution in China at large spatial and time scales. We believe that this method is a promising tool for efficiently estimating primary and secondary PM2.5, and has huge potential for future PM mitigation.
Chao Gao, Aijun Xiu, Xuelei Zhang, Qingqing Tong, Hongmei Zhao, Shichun Zhang, Guangyi Yang, and Mengduo Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 5265–5329, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5265-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5265-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
With ever-growing applications of two-way coupled meteorology and air quality models in Asia over the past decade, this paper summarizes the current status and research focuses, as well as how aerosol effects impact model performance, meteorology, and air quality. These models enable investigations of ARI and ACI effects induced by natural and anthropogenic aerosols in Asia, which has serious air pollution problems. The current gaps and perspectives are also presented and discussed.
Susannah M. Burrows, Richard C. Easter, Xiaohong Liu, Po-Lun Ma, Hailong Wang, Scott M. Elliott, Balwinder Singh, Kai Zhang, and Philip J. Rasch
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 5223–5251, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5223-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5223-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Sea spray particles are composed of a mixture of salts and organic substances from oceanic microorganisms. In prior work, our team developed an approach connecting sea spray chemistry to ocean biology, called OCEANFILMS. Here we describe its implementation within an Earth system model, E3SM. We show that simulated sea spray chemistry is consistent with observed seasonal cycles and that sunlight reflected by simulated Southern Ocean clouds increases, consistent with analysis of satellite data.
Jiandong Wang, Jia Xing, Shuxiao Wang, Rohit Mathur, Jiaping Wang, Yuqiang Zhang, Chao Liu, Jonathan Pleim, Dian Ding, Xing Chang, Jingkun Jiang, Peng Zhao, Shovan Kumar Sahu, Yuzhi Jin, David C. Wong, and Jiming Hao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 5147–5156, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5147-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5147-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosols reduce surface solar radiation and change the photolysis rate and planetary boundary layer stability. In this study, the online coupled meteorological and chemistry model was used to explore the detailed pathway of how aerosol direct effects affect secondary inorganic aerosol. The effects through the dynamics pathway act as an equally or even more important route compared with the photolysis pathway in affecting secondary aerosol concentration in both summer and winter.
Adam Milsom, Adam M. Squires, Andrew D. Ward, and Christian Pfrang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 4895–4907, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4895-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4895-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Cooking emissions can self-organise into nanostructured lamellar bilayers, and this can influence reaction kinetics. We developed a kinetic multi-layer model-based description of decay data we obtained from laboratory experiments of the ozonolysis of coated films of such a self-organised system, demonstrating a decreased diffusivity for both oleic acid and ozone. Nanostructure formation can thus increase the reactive half-life of oleic acid by days under typical indoor and outdoor conditions.
Suxia Yang, Bin Yuan, Yuwen Peng, Shan Huang, Wei Chen, Weiwei Hu, Chenglei Pei, Jun Zhou, David D. Parrish, Wenjie Wang, Xianjun He, Chunlei Cheng, Xiao-Bing Li, Xiaoyun Yang, Yu Song, Haichao Wang, Jipeng Qi, Baolin Wang, Chen Wang, Chaomin Wang, Zelong Wang, Tiange Li, E Zheng, Sihang Wang, Caihong Wu, Mingfu Cai, Chenshuo Ye, Wei Song, Peng Cheng, Duohong Chen, Xinming Wang, Zhanyi Zhang, Xuemei Wang, Junyu Zheng, and Min Shao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 4539–4556, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4539-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4539-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We use a model constrained using observations to study the formation of nitrate aerosol in and downwind of a representative megacity. We found different contributions of various chemical reactions to ground-level nitrate concentrations between urban and suburban regions. We also show that controlling VOC emissions are effective for decreasing nitrate formation in both urban and regional environments, although VOCs are not direct precursors of nitrate aerosol.
Hao Yang, Lei Chen, Hong Liao, Jia Zhu, Wenjie Wang, and Xin Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 4101–4116, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4101-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4101-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosols can influence O3 through aerosol–radiation interactions, including aerosol–photolysis interaction (API) and aerosol–radiation feedback (ARF). The weakened photolysis rates and changed meteorological conditions reduce surface-layer O3 concentrations by up to 9.3–11.4 ppb, with API and ARF contributing 74.6 %–90.0 % and 10.0 %–25.4 % of the O3 decrease in three episodes, respectively, which indicates that API is the dominant way for O3 reduction related to aerosol–radiation interactions.
Patricia Tarín-Carrasco, Ulas Im, Camilla Geels, Laura Palacios-Peña, and Pedro Jiménez-Guerrero
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 3945–3965, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3945-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3945-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The evidence of the effects of atmospheric pollution (and particularly fine particulate matter, PM2.5) on human mortality is now unquestionable. Here, 895 000 annual premature deaths (PD) are estimated for the present (1991–2010), which increases to 1 540 000 in the year 2050 due to the ageing of the European population. The implementation of a mitigation scenario (80 % of the energy production in Europe from renewable sources) could lead to a decrease of over 60 000 annual PD for the year 2050.
Xiajie Yang, Qiaoqiao Wang, Nan Ma, Weiwei Hu, Yang Gao, Zhijiong Huang, Junyu Zheng, Bin Yuan, Ning Yang, Jiangchuan Tao, Juan Hong, Yafang Cheng, and Hang Su
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 3743–3762, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3743-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3743-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We use the GEOS-Chem model with additional anthropogenic and biomass burning chlorine emissions combined with updated parameterizations for N2O5 + Cl chemistry to investigate the impacts of chlorine chemistry on air quality in China. Our study not only significantly improves the model's performance but also demonstrates the importance of non-sea-salt chlorine sources as well as an appropriate parameterization for N2O5 + Cl chemistry to the impact of chlorine chemistry in China.
Long Chen, Yu Huang, Yonggang Xue, Zhihui Jia, and Wenliang Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 3693–3711, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3693-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3693-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Quantum chemical methods are applied to gain insight into the detailed mechanisms of OH-initiated oxidation of distinct HHPs. The dominant pathway is H-abstraction from the -OOH group in the initiation reactions of the OH radical with HOCH2OOH and HOC(CH3)2OOH. H-abstraction from -CH group is competitive with that from the -OOH group in the reaction of the OH radical with HOCH(CH3)OOH. The barrier of H-abstraction from the -OOH group is slightly increased as the methyl group number increases.
Joseph Lilek and Andreas Zuend
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 3203–3233, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3203-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3203-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Depending on temperature and chemical makeup, certain aerosols can be highly viscous or glassy, with atmospheric implications. We have therefore implemented two major upgrades to the predictive viscosity model AIOMFAC-VISC. First, we created a new viscosity model for aqueous electrolyte solutions containing an arbitrary number of ion species. Second, we integrated the electrolyte model within the existing AIOMFAC-VISC framework to enable viscosity predictions for organic–inorganic mixtures.
Rongjie Zhang, Jiewen Shen, Hong-Bin Xie, Jingwen Chen, and Jonas Elm
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 2639–2650, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2639-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2639-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Formic acid is screened out as the species that can effectively catalyze the new particle formation (NPF) of the methanesulfonic acid (MSA)–methylamine system, indicating organic acids might be required to facilitate MSA-driven NPF in the atmosphere. The results are significant to comprehensively understand the MSA-driven NPF and expand current knowledge of the contribution of OAs to NPF.
Amina Khaled, Minghui Zhang, and Barbara Ervens
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 1989–2009, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1989-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1989-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Chemical reactions with iron in clouds and aerosol form and cycle reactive oxygen species (ROS). Previous model studies assumed that all cloud droplets (particles) contain iron, while single-particle analyses showed otherwise. By means of a model, we explore the bias in predicted ROS budgets by distributing a given iron mass to either all or only a few droplets (particles). Implications for oxidation potential, radical loss and iron oxidation state are discussed.
Pablo Garcia Rivera, Brian T. Dinkelacker, Ioannis Kioutsioukis, Peter J. Adams, and Spyros N. Pandis
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 2011–2027, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2011-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2011-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The contribution of various pollution sources to the variability of fine PM in an urban area was examined using as an example the city of Pittsburgh. Biomass burning aerosol shows the largest variability during the winter with local maxima within the city and in the suburbs. During both periods the largest contributing source to the average PM2.5 is particles from outside the modeling domain. The average population-weighted PM2.5 concentration does not change significantly with resolution.
Noelia Otero, Oscar E. Jurado, Tim Butler, and Henning W. Rust
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 1905–1919, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1905-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1905-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Surface ozone and temperature are strongly dependent and their extremes might be exacerbated by underlying climatological drivers, such as atmospheric blocking. Using an observational data set, we measure the dependence structure between ozone and temperature under the influence of atmospheric blocking. Blocks enhanced the probability of occurrence of compound ozone and temperature extremes over northwestern and central Europe, leading to greater health risks.
Ka Ming Fung, Colette L. Heald, Jesse H. Kroll, Siyuan Wang, Duseong S. Jo, Andrew Gettelman, Zheng Lu, Xiaohong Liu, Rahul A. Zaveri, Eric C. Apel, Donald R. Blake, Jose-Luis Jimenez, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Patrick R. Veres, Timothy S. Bates, John E. Shilling, and Maria Zawadowicz
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 1549–1573, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1549-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1549-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding the natural aerosol burden in the preindustrial era is crucial for us to assess how atmospheric aerosols affect the Earth's radiative budgets. Our study explores how a detailed description of dimethyl sulfide (DMS) oxidation (implemented in the Community Atmospheric Model version 6 with chemistry, CAM6-chem) could help us better estimate the present-day and preindustrial concentrations of sulfate and other relevant chemicals, as well as the resulting aerosol radiative impacts.
Jan Eiof Jonson, Hilde Fagerli, Thomas Scheuschner, and Svetlana Tsyro
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 1311–1331, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1311-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1311-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Ammonia emissions are expected to decrease less than SOx and NOx emissions between 2005 and 2030. As the formation of PM2.5 particles from ammonia depends on the ratio between ammonia on one hand and sulfate (from SOx) and HNO3 (from NOx) on the other hand, the efficiency of particle formation from ammonia is decreasing. Depositions of reduced nitrogen are decreasing much less than oxidized nitrogen. The critical loads for nitrogen deposition will also be exceeded in much of Europe in 2030.
Cited articles
Abhilash, P. C. and Singh, N.: Influence of the application of sugarcane bagasse on lindane (γ-HCH) mobility through soil column: Implication for biotreatment, Bioresource Technol., 99, 8961–8966, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2008.05.006, 2008.
Akagi, S. K., Yokelson, R. J., Wiedinmyer, C., Alvarado, M. J., Reid, J. S., Karl, T., Crounse, J. D., and Wennberg, P. O.: Emission factors for open and domestic biomass burning for use in atmospheric models, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 4039–4072, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-4039-2011, 2011.
Andreae, M. O. and Merlet, P.: Emission of trace gases and aerosols from biomass burning, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 15, 955–966, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000GB001382, 2001.
ARAI: Air Quality Monitoring Project-Indian Clean Air Programme (ICAP), Draft report on Emission Factor development for Indian Vehicles, Tech. rep., The Automotive Research Association of India, 2008.
Baidya, S. and Borken-Kleefeld, J.: Atmospheric emissions from road transportation in India, Energy Policy, 37, 3812–3822, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2009.07.010, 2009.
Bond, T. C. and Sun, K.: Can reducing black carbon emissions counteract global warming?, Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 5921–5926, https://doi.org/10.1021/es0480421, 2005.
Bond, T. C., David G., S., Kristen F., Y., Sibyl M., N., Jung-Hun, W., and Zbigniew, K.: A technology-based global inventory of black and organic carbon emissions from combustion, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D14203, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JD003697, 2004.
Bond, T. C., Bhardwaj, E., Dong, R., Jogani, R., Jung, S., Roden, C., Streets, D. G., and Trautmann, N. M.: Historical emissions of black and organic carbon aerosol from energy-related combustion, 1850–2000, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 21, GB2018, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GB002840, 2007.
Bond, T. C., Doherty, S. J., Fahey, D. W., Forster, P. M., Berntsen, T., Deangelo, B. J., Flanner, M. G., Ghan, S., Kärcher, B., Koch, D., Kinne, S., Kondo, Y., Quinn, P. K., Sarofim, M. C., Schultz, M. G., Schulz, M., Venkataraman, C., Zhang, H., Zhang, S., Bellouin, N., Guttikunda, S. K., Hopke, P. K., Jacobson, M. Z., Kaiser, J. W., Klimont, Z., Lohmann, U., Schwarz, J. P., Shindell, D., Storelvmo, T., Warren, S. G., and Zender, C. S.: Bounding the role of black carbon in the climate system: A scientific assessment, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 118, 5380–5552, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50171, 2013.
Borken, J., Steller, H., Merétei, T., and Vanhove, F.: Global and Country Inventory of Road Passenger and Freight Transportation: Fuel Consumption and Emissions of Air Pollutants in Year 2000, Transportation Research Record, 2011, 127–136, https://doi.org/10.3141/2011-14, 2008.
Bowerman, N. H. A., Frame, D. J., Huntingford, C., Lowe, J. A., Smith, S. M., and Allen, M. R.: The role of short-lived climate pollutants in meeting temperature goals, Nature Climate Change, 3, 1021–1024, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2034, 2013.
Cachier, H.: Carbonaceous combustion aerosols, in: Atmospheric Particles, edited by: Harrison, R. and van Grieken, R., vol. 2, pp. 1–2, pp. 295-348, John Wiley, New York, 1998.
CEA: Annual report on fuel consumption in Power Plants, Tech. rep., Central Electricity Authority, New Delhi, available at: http://www.cea.nic.in (last access: January 2015), 2012.
CEA-LGBR: Load generation balance report 2012-13, 2013-14, Tech. rep., Central Electricity Authority, Ministry of Power, Government of India, New Delhi, 2013.
Census of India: India: Administrative Divisions 2011, available at: http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/maps/atlas/00part1.pdf (last access: April 2015), 2011.
Chen, Y., Sheng, G., Bi, X., Feng, Y., Mai, B., and Fu, J.: Emission factors for carbonaceous particles and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from residential coal combustion in China, Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 1861–1867, https://doi.org/10.1021/es0493650, 2005.
Chen, Y., Zhi, G., Feng, Y., Liu, D., Zhang, G., Li, J., Sheng, G., and Fu, J.: Measurements of black and organic carbon emission factors for household coal combustion in China: Implication for emission reduction, Environ. Sci. Technol., 43, 9495–9500, https://doi.org/10.1021/es9021766, 2009.
Chow, J. C., Watson, J. G., Lowenthal, D. H., Antony Chen, L. W., and Motallebi, N.: PM2.5 source profiles for black and organic carbon emission inventories, Atmos. Environ., 45, 5407–5414, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.07.011, 2011.
CMA: Annual Report 2011-12, Tech. rep., Cement Manufacturers' Association, New Delhi, available at: http://www.cmaindia.org/cms/images/annual-report/Annual-Report-2011-12.pdf, 2012.
Cooke, W. F., Liousse, C., Cachier, H., and Feichter, J.: Construction of Construction of a 1° × 1° fossil fuel emission data set for carbonaceous aerosol and implementation radiative impact in the ECHAM4 model, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 22137–22162, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JD900187, 1999.
CPCB: Management of Municipal Solid Waste, Tech. rep., Central Pollution Control Board, Government of India, New Delhi, 2007.
CPCB: Status Report on Municipal Solid Waste Management, Tech. rep., Ministry of Environment & Forests, Government of India, New Delhi, 2012.
DAC: Annual Report 2012-13, Tech. rep., Department of Agriculture and Cooperation, Government of India, New Delhi, 2013.
DFPD: Department of Food and Public Distribution, available at: http://dfpd.nic.in/ (last access: January 2015), 2011.
DGCA: Air Transport Statistics 2011-12 & 2012-13, Tech. rep., Directorate General of Civil Aviation, Government of India, New Delhi, 2013.
EEA: The impact of international shipping on European air quality and climate forcing, Tech. Rep. 4, European Environment Agency, https://doi.org/10.2800/75763, 2013.
Ezhumalai, S. and Thangavelu, V.: Kinetic and optimization studies on the bioconversion of lignocellulosic material into ethanol, BioResources, 5, 1879–1894, 2010.
Flanner, M. G., Zender, C. S., Randerson, J. T., and Rasch, P. J.: Present-day climate forcing and response from black carbon in snow, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 112, D11202, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD008003, 2007.
FSI: State of Forest Report 2013, Tech. rep., Forest Survey of India, Ministry of Environment & Forests, Government of India, New Delhi, 2013.
FSI: Forest Fire Search – Forest Survey of India, available at: http://fsi.nic.in/forest-fire.php (last access: January 2015), 2015.
Ganguly, D., Ginoux, P., Ramaswamy, V., Winker, D. M., Holben, B. N., and Tripathi, S. N.: Retrieving the composition and concentration of aerosols over the Indo-Gangetic basin using CALIOP and AERONET data, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L13806 https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GL038315, 2009.
Grieshop, A. P., Reynolds, C. C. O., Kandlikar, M., and Dowlatabadi, H.: A black-carbon mitigation wedge, Nature Geosci., 2, 533–534, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo595, 2009.
Gupta, S. and Narayan, R.: Brick kiln industry in long-term impacts biomass and diversity structure of plant communities, Current Sci., 99, 72–79, 2010.
Guttikunda, S. K. and Calori, G.: A GIS based emissions inventory at 1 km × 1 km spatial resolution for air pollution analysis in Delhi, India, Atmos. Environ., 67, 101–111, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.10.040, 2013.
Habib, G., Venkataraman, C., Shrivastava, M., Banerjee, R., Stehr, J. W., and Dickerson, R. R.: New methodology for estimating biofuel consumption for cooking: Atmospheric emissions of black carbon and sulfur dioxide from India, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 18, GB3007, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GB002157, 2004.
Heierli, U. and Maithel, S.: Brick By Brick : The Herculean Task of Cleaning Up the Asian, Tech. Rep. FEBRUARY 2008, Natural Resources and Environment Division, Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation, 2015.
Hendricks, J., Kärcher, B., Döpelheuer, A., Feichter, J., Lohmann, U., and Baumgardner, D.: Simulating the global atmospheric black carbon cycle: a revisit to the contribution of aircraft emissions, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 4, 2521–2541, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-4-2521-2004, 2004.
ICAO: Environmental Report 2010, Tech. rep., International Civil Aviation Organization, 2010.
IEA: International Energy Agency Statistics, available at: http://www.iea.org/statistics/ (last access: January 2015), 2012.
IPCC 2006: 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Prepared by the National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme, edited by: Eggleston, H. S., Buendia, L., Miwa, K., Ngara, T., and Tanabe, K., IGES, Japan, 2006.
IPCC, 2013: Annex III: Glossary, edited by: Planton, S., in: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, edited by: Stocker, T. F., Qin, D., Plattner, G.-K., Tignor, M., Allen, S. K., Boschung, J., Nauels, A., Xia, Y., Bex, V., and Midgley, P. M., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.031.
ISMA: List of sugar mills in India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Nepal & Sri Lanka, Tech. rep., Indian Sugar Mills Association, New Delhi, India, 2012.
Ito, A. and Penner, J. E.: Historical emissions of carbonaceous aerosols from biomass and fossil fuel burning for the period 1870-2000, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 19, GB2028, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GB002374, 2005.
Jain, N.: Emission of Air Pollutants from Crop Residue Burning in India, Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 14, 422–430, https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2013.01.0031, 2014.
Janssen, N. A., Gerlofs-Nijland, M. E., Lanki, T., Salonen, R. O., Cassee, F., Hoek, G., Fischer, P., Brunekreef, B., and Krzyzanowski, M.: Health effects of black carbon, Tech. rep., World Health Organization, available at: http://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/environment-and-health/air-quality/publications/2012/health-effects-of-black-carbon (last access: April 2015), 2012.
Joshi, V.: Biomass burning in India, in: Global Biomass Burning: Atmospheric, Climatic, and Biospheric Implications, 185–193, The MIT Press, Cambridge, London, 1991.
Klimont, Z., Cofala, J., Xing, J., Wei, W., Zhang, C., Wang, S., Kejun, J., Bhandari, P., Mathur, R., Purohit, P., Rafaj, P., Amann, M., Chambers, A., and Hao, J.: Projections of SO2, NOx and carbonaceous aerosols emissions in Asia, Tellus B, 61, 602–617, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0889.2009.00428.x, 2009.
Koch, D. and Del Genio, A. D.: Black carbon semi-direct effects on cloud cover: review and synthesis, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 7685–7696, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-7685-2010, 2010.
Kopp, R. E. and Mauzerall, D. L.: Assessing the climatic benefits of black carbon mitigation, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 107, 11703–11708, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0909605107, 2010.
Kumar, S.: Effective Waste Management in India, Tech. rep., INTECH CROATIA, 2010.
Lack, D. A., Corbett, J. J., Onasch, T., Lerner, B., Massoli, P., Quinn, P. K., Bates, T. S., Covert, D. S., Coffman, D., Sierau, B., Herndon, S., Allan, J., Baynard, T., Lovejoy, E., Ravishankara, A. R., and Williams, E.: Particulate emissions from commercial shipping: Chemical, physical, and optical properties, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 114, D00F04, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD011300, 2009.
Lam, N. L., Chen, Y., Weyant, C., Venkataraman, C., Sadavarte, P., Johnson, M. a., Smith, K. R., Brem, B. T., Arineitwe, J., Ellis, J. E., and Bond, T. C.: Household light makes global heat: High black carbon emissions from kerosene wick lamps, Environ. Sci. Technol., 46, 13531–13538, https://doi.org/10.1021/es302697h, 2012.
Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Center (LP DAAC), 2000: MODIS MCD45A1, NASA EOSDIS Land Processes DAAC, USGS Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, available at: https://lpdaac.usgs.gov, last access: January 2015.
Lau, W. K. M., Kim, M.-K., Kim, K.-M., and Lee, W.-S.: Enhanced surface warming and accelerated snowmelt in the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau induced by absorbing aerosols, Env. Res. Lett., 5, 025204, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/5/2/025204, 2010.
Li, X., Wang, S., Duan, L., Hao, J., and Nie, Y.: Carbonaceous Aerosol Emissions from Household Biofuel Combustion in China, Environ. Sci. Technol., 43, 6076–6081, https://doi.org/10.1021/es803330j, 2009.
Liousse, C., Penner, J. E., Chuang, C., Walton, J. J., Eddleman, H., and Cachier, H.: A global three-dimensional model study of carbonaceous aerosols, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 19411, https://doi.org/10.1029/95JD03426, 1996.
Lu, Z., Zhang, Q., and Streets, D. G.: Sulfur dioxide and primary carbonaceous aerosol emissions in China and India, 1996–2010, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 9839–9864, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-9839-2011, 2011.
Maithel, S., Uma, R., Bond, T., Baum, E., and Thao, V.: Brick Kilns Performance Assessment A Roadmap for Cleaner Brick Production in India, Tech. Rep. April, Greentech Knowledge Solutions, New Delhi, India, 2012.
Mathwave Technologies: Fitting tool EasyFit software, Tech. rep., available at: www.mathwave.com (last access: January 2015), 2015.
Meehl, G. A., Arblaster, J. M., and Collins, W. D.: Effects of black carbon aerosols on the Indian monsoon, J. Climate, 21, 2869–2882, https://doi.org/10.1175/2007JCLI1777.1, 2008.
Menon, S., Koch, D., Beig, G., Sahu, S., Fasullo, J., and Orlikowski, D.: Black carbon aerosols and the third polar ice cap, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 4559–4571, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-4559-2010, 2010.
Menzie, C. A., Potocki, B. B., and Santodonato, J.: Ambient concentrations and exposure to carcinogenic PAHs in the environment, Environ. Sci. Technol., 26, 1278–1284 https://doi.org/10.1021/es00031a002, 1992.
Ministry of Agriculture: Land Use Statistics Information System, available at: http://eands.dacnet.nic.in/ (last access: January 2015), 2011.
Ministry of Agriculture: Agricultural Statistics at a Glance 2013, Tech. rep., Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Government of India, New Delhi, 2013.
Ministry of Railways: INDIAN RAILWAYS Year Book 2010-11, Tech. rep., Government of India, New Delhi, available at: http://www.indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/directorate/stat_econ/yearbook10-11/Year_book_10-11_eng.pdf (last access: July 2015), 2012a.
Ministry of Railways: INDIAN RAILWAYS ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS, Tech. rep., Government of India, New Delhi, 2012b.
Ministry of Road Transport and Highways: Road Transport Year Book 2010-11, Tech. rep., Government of India, New Delhi, 2011.
Ministry of Steel: Annual Report 2012-13, Tech. rep., Government of India, New Delhi, 2014.
Mittal, L. M. and Sharma, C.: Anthropogenic Emissions from Energy Activities in India: Generation and Source Characterization (Part II: Emissions from Vehicular Transport in India), Tech. rep., available at: http://archive.osc.edu/research/archive/pcrm/emissions/India_Report_1Pagelayout.pdf (last access: July 2015), 2003.
Moorthy, K. K., Beegum, S. N., Srivastava, N., Satheesh, S. K., Chin, M., Blond, N., Babu, S. S., and Singh, S.: Performance evaluation of chemistry transport models over India, Atmos. Environ., 71, 210–225, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.01.056, 2013.
MoPNG: All India Study on Sectoral Demand of Diesel & Petrol, Tech. rep., Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas, Government of India, New Delhi, 2013.
MoPNG: Indian Petroleum and Natural Gas Statistics 2013-14, Tech. rep., Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas Economics and Statistics Division, Government of India, New Delhi, 2014.
MoSPI: Energy Statistics 2014, Tech. rep., Central Statistics Office, Government of India, New Delhi, available at: http://mospi.nic.in/mospi_new/upload/Energy_Statistics_2013.pdf (last access: July 2015), 2014a.
MoSPI: Household Consumption of Various Goods and Services in India, Tech. Rep. 558, MOSPI, Government of India, New Delhi, 2014b.
Nair, V. S., Solmon, F., Giorgi, F., Mariotti, L., Babu, S. S., and Moorthy, K. K.: Simulation of South Asian aerosols for regional climate studies, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 117, D04209, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD016711, 2012.
National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI): Air Quality Assessment, Emissions Inventory and Source Apportionment Studies: Mumbai, New Delhi, Tech. rep., Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), 2010, 2010.
Ni, M., Huang, J., Lu, S., Li, X., Yan, J., and Cen, K.: A review on black carbon emissions, worldwide and in China., Chemosphere, 107, 83–93, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.02.052, 2014.
Novakov, T.: Large historical changes of fossil-fuel black carbon aerosols, Geophys. Res. Let., 30, 1324, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002GL016345, 2003.
NSSO: Energy Sources of Indian Households for Cooking and Lighting, 2011-12, National Sample Survey Office,Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of India, New Delhi, available at: http://mospi.nic.in/mospi_new/upload/nss_report_567.pdf (last access: May 2015), 2015.
Ohara, T., Akimoto, H., Kurokawa, J., Horii, N., Yamaji, K., Yan, X., and Hayasaka, T.: An Asian emission inventory of anthropogenic emission sources for the period 1980–2020, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 4419–4444, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-4419-2007, 2007.
OpenStreetMap: OpenStreetMap Foundation – Geofabrik Data Downloads, available at: http://download.geofabrik.de/asia/india.html (last access: April 2015), 2016.
Pachauri, T., Satsangi, A., Singla, V., Lakhani, A., and Maharaj Kumari, K.: Characteristics and sources of carbonaceous aerosols in PM2.5 during wintertime in Agra, India, Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 13, 977–991, https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2012.10.0263, 2013.
Pandey, A. and Venkataraman, C.: Estimating emissions from the Indian transport sector with on-road fleet composition and traffic volume, Atmos. Environ., 98, 123–133, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.08.039, 2014.
Pandey, A., Sadavarte, P., Rao, A. B., and Venkataraman, C.: Trends in multi-pollutant emissions from a technology-linked inventory for India: II. Residential, agricultural and informal industry sectors, Atmos. Environ., 99, 341–352, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.09.080, 2014.
Parashar, D. C., Gadi, R., Mandal, T. K., and Mitra, A. P.: Carbonaceous aerosol emissions from India, Atmos. Environ., 39, 7861–7871, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.08.034, 2005.
Parikh, S. and Radhakrishna, R.: India Development Report 2004–05, Tech. rep., Oxford University Press, New Delhi, India, 2005.
Pedersen, D. U., Durant, J. L., Taghizadeh, K., Hemond, H. F., Lafleur, A. L., and Cass, G. R.: Human cell mutagens in respirable airborne particles from the northeastern United States. 2. Quantification of mutagens and other organic compounds, Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 9547–9560, https://doi.org/10.1021/es050886c, 2005.
Pessoa Júnior, A., de Mancilha, I. M., and Sato, S.: Evaluation of sugar cane hemicellulose hydrolyzate for cultivation of yeasts and filamentous fungi, J. Ind. Microbiol. Biot., 18, 360–363, https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900403, 1997.
Press Information Bureau: Number of Steel Plants in India, Government of India, New Delhi, available at: http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=77494 (last access: September 2015), 2011.
Qin, Y. and Xie, S.: Estimation of county-level black carbon emissions and its spatial distribution in China in 2000, Atmos. Environ., 45, 6995–7004, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.09.017, 2011.
Quinn, P. K., Bates, T. S., Baum, E., Doubleday, N., Fiore, A. M., Flanner, M., Fridlind, A., Garrett, T. J., Koch, D., Menon, S., Shindell, D., Stohl, A., and Warren, S. G.: Short-lived pollutants in the Arctic: their climate impact and possible mitigation strategies, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 1723–1735, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-1723-2008, 2008.
Rajarathnam, U., Athalye, V., Ragavan, S., Maithel, S., Lalchandani, D., Kumar, S., Baum, E., Weyant, C., and Bond, T.: Assessment of air pollutant emissions from brick kilns, Atmos. Environ., 98, 549–553, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.08.075, 2014.
Ramachandra, T. V. and Shwetmala: Emissions from India's transport sector: Statewise synthesis, Atmos. Environ., 43, 5510–5517, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.07.015, 2009.
Ramachandra, T. V., Aithal, B., and Sreejith, K.: GHG footprint of major cities in India, Renew. Sustain. Energy, 44, 473–495, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.12.036, 2015.
Ramanathan, V. and Carmichael, G.: Global and regional climate changes due to black carbon, 1, 221–227, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo156, 2008.
Reddy, M. and Venkataraman, C.: Inventory of aerosol and sulphur dioxide emissions from India. Part II – biomass combustion, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(01)00464-2, 2002a.
Reddy, M. S. and Venkataraman, C.: Inventory of aerosol and sulphur dioxide emissions from India: I F Fossil fuel combustion, 36, 677–697, 2002b.
Reynolds, C. C. O. and Kandlikar, M.: Climate impacts of air quality policy: Switching to a natural gas-fueled public transportation system in New Delhi, Environ. Sci. Technol., 42, 5860–5865, https://doi.org/10.1021/es702863p, 2008.
Sadavarte, P. and Venkataraman, C.: Trends in multi-pollutant emissions from a technology-linked inventory for India: I. Industry and transport sectors, Atmos. Environ., 99, 353–364, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.09.081, 2014.
Sahu, S. K., Beig, G., and Sharma, C.: Decadal growth of black carbon emissions in India, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L02807, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL032333, 2008.
Saud, T., Gautam, R., Mandal, T. K., Gadi, R., Singh, D. P., Sharma, S. K., Dahiya, M., and Saxena, M.: Emission estimates of organic and elemental carbon from household biomass fuel used over the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP), India, Atmos. Environ., 61, 212–220, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.07.030, 2012.
Schultz, M., Backman, L., Balkanski, Y., Bjoerndalsaeter, S., Brand, R., Burrows, J., Dalsoeren, S., de Vasconcelos, M., Grodtmann, B., Hauglustaine, D., Heil, A., Hoelzemann, J., Isaksen, I., Kaurola, J., Knorr, W., Ladstaetter-Weißenmayer, A., Mota, B., Oom, D., Pacyna, J., Panasiuk, D., Pereira, J., Pulles, T., Pyle, J., Rast, S., Richter, A., Savage, N., Schnadt, C., Schulz, M., Spessa, A., Staehelin, J., Sundet, J., Szopa, S., Thonicke, K., van het Bolscher, M., van Noije, T., van Velthoven, P., Vik, A., and Wittrock, F.: REanalysis of the TROpospheric chemical composition over the past 40 years. A long-term global modeling study of tropospheric chemistry funded under the 5th EU framework programme, Final Report, Tech. Rep. 3, Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, 2007.
Schultz, M., Rast, S., Pulles, T., Brand, R., Pereira, J., Mota, B., and Spessa, A.: Emission data sets and methodologies for estimating emissions, Tech. Rep. February 2007, Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany, 2008.
Sen, A., Mandal, T., Sharma, S., Saxena, M., Gupta, N., Gautam, R., Gupta, A., Gill, T., Rani, S., Saud, T., Singh, D., and Gadi, R.: Chemical properties of emission from biomass fuels used in the rural sector of the western region of India, Atmos. Environ., 99, 411–424, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.09.012, 2014.
Shakti Sustainable Energy Foundation: Diesel Generators: Improving Efficiency and Emission Performance in India, Shakti Sustainable Energy Foundation, available at: http://shaktifoundation.in/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Shakti-Diesel-Generators-FINAL1.pdf (last access: May 2015), 2014.
Shen, G., Yang, Y., Wang, W., Tao, S., Zhu, C., Min, Y., Xue, M., Ding, J., Wang, B., Wang, R., Shen, H., Li, W., Wang, X., and Russell, A. G.: Emission factors of particulate matter and elemental carbon for crop residues and coals burned in typical household stoves in China, Environ. Sci. Technol., 44, 7157–7162, https://doi.org/10.1021/es101313y, 2010.
Shen, G., Wei, S., Wei, W., Zhang, Y., Min, Y., Wang, B., Wang, R., Li, W., Shen, H., Huang, Y., Yang, Y., Wang, W., Wang, X., Wang, X., and Tao, S.: Emission factors, size distributions, and emission inventories of carbonaceous particulate matter from residential wood combustion in rural china, Environ. Sci. Technol., 46, 4207–4214, https://doi.org/10.1021/es203957u, 2012.
Sindhwani, R. and Goyal, P.: Assessment of traffic-generated gaseous and particulate matter emissions and trends over Delhi (2000–2010), Atmospheric Pollution Research, 5, 438–446, https://doi.org/10.5094/APR.2014.051, 2014.
Smith, K., Uma, R., Kishore, V., Lata, K., Joshi, V., Zhang, J., Rasmussen, R., and Khalil, M.: Greenhouse Gases from Small-scale Combustion Devices in Developing Countries, Phase IIA: Household Stoves in India, Tech. Rep. June, US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC 20460, EPA-600/R-00-052, 2000.
Sonkar, M.: Regional Scale Transport Simulation and Deposition of Elemental Carbon in the Himalayas: A WRF and CAMx Modeling, Ph.D. thesis, IIT Kanpur, 2011.
Streets, D. G., Gupta, S., Waldhoff, S. T., Wang, M. Q., Bond, T. C., and Yiyun, B.: Black carbon emissions in China, Atmos. Environ., 35, 4281–4296, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(01)00179-0, 2001.
Streets, D. G., Yarber, K., Woo, J., and Carmichael, G.: An inventory of gaseous and primary aerosol emissions in Asia in the year 2000, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 8809, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD003093, 2003.
TERI (The Energy and Resources Institute): A Model to Establish a Policy Framework for Emissions Reduction, and cost-effectiveness of Alternative Measures, Tech. rep., TERI, New Delhi, 2006.
Turn, S. Q., Jenkins, B. M., Chow, J. C., Pritchett, L. C., Campbell, D., Cahill, T., and Whalen, S. A.: Elemental characterization of particulate matter emitted from biomass burning: Wind tunnel derived source profiles for herbaceous and wood fuels, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 102, 3683–3699, https://doi.org/10.1029/96JD02979, 1997.
Tyagi, R. C.: Problems and Prospects of Sugar Industry in India, Mittal Publications (India), 1995.
Venkataraman, C., Habib, G., Eiguren-Fernandez, A., Miguel, A. H., and Friedlander, S. K.: Residential biofuels in South Asia: carbonaceous aerosol emissions and climate impacts., Science (New York, N.Y.), 307, 1454–1456, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1104359, 2005.
Venkataraman, C., Habib, G., Kadamba, D., Shrivastava, M., Leon, J.-F., Crouzille, B., Boucher, O., and Streets, D. G.: Emissions from open biomass burning in India: Integrating the inventory approach with high-resolution Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) active-fire and land cover data, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 20, GB2013, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GB002547, 2006.
Weyant, C., Athalye, V., Ragavan, S., Rajarathnam, U., Lalchandani, D., Maithel, S., Baum, E., and Bond, T. C.: Emissions from South Asian brick production, Environ. Sci. Technol., 48, 6477–6483, https://doi.org/10.1021/es500186g, 2014.
World Bank: Access to electricity (% of population), available at: http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS (last access: July 2016), 2010.
Yasunari, T. J., Tan, Q., Lau, K. M., Bonasoni, P., Marinoni, A., Laj, P., Ménégoz, M., Takemura, T., and Chin, M.: Estimated range of black carbon dry deposition and the related snow albedo reduction over Himalayan glaciers during dry pre-monsoon periods, Atmos. Environ., 78, 259–267, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.03.031, 2013.
Yevich, R.: An assessment of biofuel use and burning of agricultural waste in the developing world, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 17, 1095, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002GB001952, 2003.
Zhang, Y., Shao, M., Lin, Y., Luan, S., Mao, N., Chen, W., and Wang, M.: Emission inventory of carbonaceous pollutants from biomass burning in the Pearl River Delta Region, China, Atmos. Environ., 76, 189–199, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.05.055, 2013.
Short summary
The article presents a comprehensive and unique emissions inventory for black carbon in India for the year 2011. It is a unique assessment of emissions in that it i) provides a temporally varying emissions estimate for all of India, ii) provides the inventory on a 40 × 40 km2 grid, and iii) includes sources previously not considered (cell tower and small commercial generators and kerosene lamps).
The article presents a comprehensive and unique emissions inventory for black carbon in India...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint