Articles | Volume 25, issue 12
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-6219-2025
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-6219-2025
Research article
 | 
25 Jun 2025
Research article |  | 25 Jun 2025

Combined CO2 measurement record indicates Amazon forest carbon uptake is offset by savanna carbon release

Santiago Botía, Saqr Munassar, Thomas Koch, Danilo Custodio, Luana S. Basso, Shujiro Komiya, Jost V. Lavric, David Walter, Manuel Gloor, Giordane Martins, Stijn Naus, Gerbrand Koren, Ingrid T. Luijkx, Stijn Hantson, John B. Miller, Wouter Peters, Christian Rödenbeck, and Christoph Gerbig

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Cited articles

Albert, J., Hoorn, C., Malhi, Y., Phillips, O., Encalada, A. C., Hecht, S., Varese, M., Peña-Claros, M., and Roca, F. A.: The multiple viewpoints for the Amazon: geographic limits and meanings, Tech. rep., https://www.theamazonwewant.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/220105_The-multiple-viewpoints-for-the-Amazon-formatted-and-reviewed-050122.pdf (last access: 16 May 2024), 2021. a
Alden, C. B., Miller, J. B., Gatti, L. V., Gloor, M. M., Guan, K., Michalak, A. M., van der Laan-Luijkx, I. T., Touma, D., Andrews, A., Basso, L. S., Correia, C. S. C., Domingues, L. G., Joiner, J., Krol, M. C., Lyapustin, A. I., Peters, W., Shiga, Y. P., Thoning, K., van der Velde, I. R., van Leeuwen, T. T., Yadav, V., and Diffenbaugh, N. S.: Regional atmospheric CO 2 inversion reveals seasonal and geographic differences in Amazon net biome exchange, Glob. Change Biol., 22, 3427–3443, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13305, 2016. a, b, c
Alencar, A., Moutinho, P., Arruda, V., Balzani, C., and Ribeiro, J.: Amazon Burning: Locating the fires, Tech. rep., https://ipam.org.br/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/AmazonBurning_LocatingTheFires.pdf (last access: 2 December 2023), 2019. a, b
Alves, J. D. N., Ribeiro, A., Rody, Y. P., Loos, R. A., and Hall, K. B.: Carbon uptake and water vapor exchange in a pasture site in the Brazilian Cerrado, J. Hydrol., 594, 125943, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.125943, 2021. a, b
Aragão, L. E. O. C., Anderson, L. O., Fonseca, M. G., Rosan, T. M., Vedovato, L. B., Wagner, F. H., Silva, C. V. J., Junior, C. H. L. S., Arai, E., Aguiar, A. P., Barlow, J., Berenguer, E., Deeter, M. N., Domingues, L. G., Gatti, L., Gloor, M., Malhi, Y., Marengo, J. A., Miller, J. B., Phillips, O. L., and Saatchi, S.: 21st Century drought-related fires counteract the decline of Amazon deforestation carbon emissions, Nat. Commun., 9, 1–12, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-02771-y, 2018. a
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This study uses dry CO2 mole fractions from the Amazon Tall Tower Observatory together with airborne profiles to estimate net carbon exchange in tropical South America. We found that the biogeographic Amazon is a net carbon sink, while the Cerrado and Caatinga biomes are net carbon sources, resulting in an overall neutral balance. Finally, to further reduce the uncertainty in our estimates we call for an expansion of the monitoring capacity, especially in the Amazon–Andes foothills.
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