Articles | Volume 22, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2269-2022
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2269-2022
Research article
 | 
18 Feb 2022
Research article |  | 18 Feb 2022

High concentrations of ice crystals in upper-tropospheric tropical clouds: is there a link to biomass and fossil fuel combustion?

Graciela B. Raga, Darrel Baumgardner, Blanca Rios, Yanet Díaz-Esteban, Alejandro Jaramillo, Martin Gallagher, Bastien Sauvage, Pawel Wolff, and Gary Lloyd

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Cited articles

Barry, K. R., Hill, T. C. J., Levin, E. J. T., Twohy, C. H., Moore, K. A., Weller, Z. D., Toohey, D. W., Reeves, M., Campos, T., Geiss, R., Fischer, E. V., Kreidenweis, S. M., and DeMott, P. J.: Observations of ice nucleating particles in the free troposphere from western US wildfires, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 126, e2020JD033752, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JD033752, 2021. 
Baumgardner, D., Kok, G., and Raga, G.: Warming of the Arctic Lower Stratosphere by Light Absorbing Particles, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L06117, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GL018883, 2005. 
Berthou, S., Rowell, D. P., Kendon, E. J., Rachel, R., Julia, S., and Catherine, C.: Improved climatological precipitation characteristics over West Africa at convection-permitting scale, Clim. Dynam., 53, 1991–2011, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-019-04759-4, 2019. 
Beswick, K., Baumgardner, D., Gallagher, M., Volz-Thomas, A., Nedelec, P., Wang, K.-Y., and Lance, S.: The backscatter cloud probe – a compact low-profile autonomous optical spectrometer, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 7, 1443–1457, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-1443-2014, 2014. 
Beswick, K., Baumgardner, D., Gallagher, M., Raga, G. B., Minnis, P., Spangenberg, D. A., Volz-Thomas, A., Nedelec, P., and Wang, K.-Y.: Properties of small cirrus ice crystals from commercial aircraft measurements and implications for flight operations, Tellus B, 67, 27876, https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusb.v67.27876, 2015. 
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Short summary
The In-Service Aircraft for a Global Observing System (IAGOS) is a small fleet of commercial aircraft that carry a suite of meteorological, gas, aerosol, and cloud sensors and have been measuring worldwide for almost 9 years, since late 2011. Extreme ice events (EIEs) have been identified from the IAGOS cloud measurements and linked to surface emissions for biomass and fossil fuel consumption. The results reported here are highly relevant for climate change and flight operations forecasting.
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