Articles | Volume 21, issue 8
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6389-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6389-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
27 Apr 2021
Research article |
| 27 Apr 2021
| 27 Apr 2021
Analysis of atmospheric ammonia over South and East Asia based on the MOZART-4 model and its comparison with satellite and surface observations
Pooja V. Pawar
Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM), Ministry of Earth Sciences, Pune, 411008, India
Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneshwar, 751016, India
Sachin D. Ghude
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM), Ministry of Earth Sciences, Pune, 411008, India
Chinmay Jena
Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM), Ministry of Earth Sciences, Pune, 411008, India
India Meteorological Department (IMD), Ministry of Earth Sciences, Lodhi Road, New Delhi, 110003, India
Andrea Móring
UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Penicuik, EH260QB, Scotland, UK
University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AB, Scotland, UK
Mark A. Sutton
UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Penicuik, EH260QB, Scotland, UK
Santosh Kulkarni
Centre for Development of Advanced Computing, Pune, 411008, India
Deen Mani Lal
Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM), Ministry of Earth Sciences, Pune, 411008, India
Divya Surendran
India Meteorological Department (IMD), Ministry of Earth Sciences, Pune, 411005, India
Martin Van Damme
Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Spectroscopy, Quantum Chemistry and Atmospheric Remote Sensing
(SQUARES), Brussels, 1050, Belgium
Lieven Clarisse
Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Spectroscopy, Quantum Chemistry and Atmospheric Remote Sensing
(SQUARES), Brussels, 1050, Belgium
Pierre-François Coheur
Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Spectroscopy, Quantum Chemistry and Atmospheric Remote Sensing
(SQUARES), Brussels, 1050, Belgium
Xuejun Liu
College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green
Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
Gaurav Govardhan
Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM), Ministry of Earth Sciences, Pune, 411008, India
National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green
Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
Jize Jiang
University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AB, Scotland, UK
Tapan Kumar Adhya
Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneshwar, 751016, India
Related authors
No articles found.
Gunnar Myhre, Øivind Hodnebrog, Srinath Krishnan, Maria Sand, Marit Sandstad, Ragnhild B. Skeie, Lieven Clarisse, Bruno Franco, Dylan B. Millet, Kelley C. Wells, Alexander Archibald, Hannah N. Bryant, Alex T. Chaudhri, David S. Stevenson, Didier Hauglustaine, Michael Prather, J. Christopher Kaiser, Dirk J. L. Olivie, Michael Schulz, Oliver Wild, Ye Wang, Thérèse Salameh, Jason E. Williams, Philippe Le Sager, Fabien Paulot, Kostas Tsigaridis, and Haley E. Plaas
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3057, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3057, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Geoscientific Model Development (GMD).
Short summary
Short summary
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) affect air quality and climate, but their behavior in the atmosphere is still uncertain. We launched a global research effort to compare how different models represent these compounds and to improve their accuracy. By analyzing model results alongside observations and satellite data, we aim to better understand the atmospheric composition of these compounds.
Lara Noppen, Lieven Clarisse, Frederik Tack, Thomas Ruhtz, Martin Van Damme, Michel Van Roozendael, Dirk Schuettemeyer, and Pierre Coheur
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 4183–4205, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-4183-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-4183-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Current infrared satellite sounders offer high spectral but low spatial resolution, limiting their ability to quantify atmospheric ammonia (NH3) at small scales. Through simulations and analysis of real data, we show that NH3 can be measured effectively from spectra with reduced resolution, either in a contiguous spectral range or in select well-chosen bands. This approach opens possibilities for the development of smaller dedicated instruments for observing NH3 at high spatial resolution.
Lorenzo Fabris, Nicolas Theys, Lieven Clarisse, Bruno Franco, Jonas Vlietinck, Huan Yu, Hugues Brenot, Thomas Danckaert, Pascal Hedelt, and Michel Van Roozendael
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-4026, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-4026, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Measurement Techniques (AMT).
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we developed an improved algorithm to retrieve the plume height and column density of sulfur dioxide emitted by volcanoes using data from the spectral band 2 of TROPOMI (S-5P). We tested its sensitivity to various conditions and applied it to real volcanic eruptions. Overall, our approach shows high precision, accuracy and sensitivity, and the results are consistent with other satellite measurements.
Jize Jiang, David S. Stevenson, Aimable Uwizeye, Giuseppe Tempio, Alessandra Falcucci, Flavia Casu, and Mark A. Sutton
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 5051–5099, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-5051-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-5051-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
A special model called AMmonia–CLIMate (AMCLIM) has been developed to understand and calculate NH3 emissions from livestock farming. It is estimated that about 30 % of excreted N from livestock is lost due to NH3 emissions from housing, manure management and land application of manure. High NH3 volatilization often occurs in hot regions, while poor management practices also result in significant N losses through NH3 emissions.
Samuel James Tomlinson, Edward James Carnell, Clare Pearson, Mark A. Sutton, Niveta Jain, and Ulrike Dragosits
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-75, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-75, 2025
Preprint under review for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
The release of ammonia into the air poses a serious risk to ecosystems and human health and so it is important to characterise where this polluting gas originates from. It is known that agriculture is an important source of ammonia (e.g. using fertilisers) and that South Asia is a global hotspot of this pollutant. It is, therefore, important to refine methods used to estimate how much ammonia is released in South Asia to be then used in advanced chemistry models for air quality assessments.
Zitong Li, Kang Sun, Kaiyu Guan, Sheng Wang, Bin Peng, Lieven Clarisse, Martin Van Damme, Pierre-François Coheur, Karen Cady-Pereira, Mark W. Shephard, Mark Zondlo, and Daniel Moore
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-725, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-725, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We estimate ammonia fluxes over the contiguous U.S. from 2008 to 2022 using a directional derivative approach applied to satellite observations from IASI and CrIS. Satellite-based flux estimates reveal that ammonia emissions deposit in nearby vegetation, with pronounced seasonal and spatial variability driven by agricultural activities, underscoring the need for improved monitoring and management strategies.
Maureen Beaudor, Didier Hauglustaine, Juliette Lathière, Martin Van Damme, Lieven Clarisse, and Nicolas Vuichard
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 2017–2046, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2017-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2017-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Agriculture is the biggest ammonia (NH3) source, impacting air quality, climate, and ecosystems. Because of food demand, NH3 emissions are projected to rise by 2100. Using a global model, we analyzed the impact of present and future NH3 emissions generated from a land model. Our results show improved ammonia patterns compared to a reference inventory. Future scenarios predict up to 70 % increase in global NH3 burden, with significant changes in radiative forcing that can greatly elevate N2O.
Pramod Kumar, Grégoire Broquet, Didier Hauglustaine, Maureen Beaudor, Lieven Clarisse, Martin Van Damme, Pierre Coheur, Anne Cozic, Bo Zheng, Beatriz Revilla Romero, Antony Delavois, and Philippe Ciais
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-162, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-162, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Global maps of the NH3 emissions over 2019–2022 are derived using IASI NH3 spaceborne observations, the LMDZ-INCA chemistry-transport model at 1.27°×2.5° resolution and mass balance approach. The average global NH3 emissions over the period are ~98 Tg NH3 yr-1, which is significantly higher than three reference inventories. The analysis provides confidence in the seasonal variability and regional budgets, and provides new insights into NH3 emissions at global and regional scales.
Sachin Mishra, Vinayak Sinha, Haseeb Hakkim, Arpit Awasthi, Sachin D. Ghude, Vijay Kumar Soni, Narendra Nigam, Baerbel Sinha, and Madhavan N. Rajeevan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 13129–13150, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13129-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13129-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We quantified 111 gases using mass spectrometry to understand how seasonal and emission changes lead from clean air in the monsoon season to extremely polluted air in the post-monsoon season in Delhi. Averaged total mass concentrations (260 µg m-3) were > 4 times in polluted periods, driven by biomass burning emissions and reduced atmospheric ventilation. Reactive gaseous nitrogen, chlorine, and sulfur compounds hitherto unreported from such a polluted environment were discovered.
Jize Jiang, David S. Stevenson, and Mark A. Sutton
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 8181–8222, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-8181-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-8181-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A special model called AMmonia–CLIMate (AMCLIM) has been developed to understand and calculate NH3 emissions from fertilizer use and also taking into account how the environment influences these NH3 emissions. It is estimated that about 17 % of applied N in fertilizers was lost due to NH3 emissions. Hot and dry conditions and regions with high-pH soils can expect higher NH3 emissions.
Arpit Awasthi, Baerbel Sinha, Haseeb Hakkim, Sachin Mishra, Varkrishna Mummidivarapu, Gurmanjot Singh, Sachin D. Ghude, Vijay Kumar Soni, Narendra Nigam, Vinayak Sinha, and Madhavan N. Rajeevan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 10279–10304, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10279-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10279-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We use 111 volatile organic compounds (VOCs), PM10, and PM2.5 in a positive matrix factorization (PMF) model to resolve 11 pollution sources validated with chemical fingerprints. Crop residue burning and heating account for ~ 50 % of the PM, while traffic and industrial emissions dominate the gas-phase VOC burden and formation potential of secondary organic aerosols (> 60 %). Non-tailpipe emissions from compressed-natural-gas-fuelled commercial vehicles dominate the transport sector's PM burden.
Monica Crippa, Diego Guizzardi, Federico Pagani, Marcello Schiavina, Michele Melchiorri, Enrico Pisoni, Francesco Graziosi, Marilena Muntean, Joachim Maes, Lewis Dijkstra, Martin Van Damme, Lieven Clarisse, and Pierre Coheur
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 2811–2830, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2811-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2811-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Knowing where emissions occur is essential for planning effective emission reduction measures and atmospheric modelling. Disaggregating national emissions over high-resolution grids requires spatial proxies that contain information on the location of different emission sources. This work incorporates state-of-the-art spatial information to improve the spatial representation of global emissions with the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR).
Chandrakala Bharali, Mary Barth, Rajesh Kumar, Sachin D. Ghude, Vinayak Sinha, and Baerbel Sinha
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 6635–6662, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6635-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6635-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study examines the role of atmospheric aerosols in winter fog over the Indo-Gangetic Plains of India using WRF-Chem. The increase in RH with aerosol–radiation feedback (ARF) is found to be important for fog formation as it promotes the growth of aerosols in the polluted environment. Aqueous-phase chemistry in the fog increases PM2.5 concentration, further affecting ARF. ARF and aqueous-phase chemistry affect the fog intensity and the timing of fog formation by ~1–2 h.
Jean-Paul Vernier, Thomas J. Aubry, Claudia Timmreck, Anja Schmidt, Lieven Clarisse, Fred Prata, Nicolas Theys, Andrew T. Prata, Graham Mann, Hyundeok Choi, Simon Carn, Richard Rigby, Susan C. Loughlin, and John A. Stevenson
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 5765–5782, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5765-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5765-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The 2019 Raikoke eruption (Kamchatka, Russia) generated one of the largest emissions of particles and gases into the stratosphere since the 1991 Mt. Pinatubo eruption. The Volcano Response (VolRes) initiative, an international effort, provided a platform for the community to share information about this eruption and assess its climate impact. The eruption led to a minor global surface cooling of 0.02 °C in 2020 which is negligible relative to warming induced by human greenhouse gas emissions.
Bruno Franco, Lieven Clarisse, Nicolas Theys, Juliette Hadji-Lazaro, Cathy Clerbaux, and Pierre Coheur
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 4973–5007, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4973-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4973-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Using IASI global infrared measurements, we retrieve nitrous acid (HONO) in fire plumes from space. We detect large enhancements of pyrogenic HONO worldwide, especially from intense wildfires at Northern Hemisphere mid- and high latitudes. Predominance of IASI nighttime over daytime measurements sheds light on HONO's extended lifetime and secondary formation during long-range transport in smoke plumes. Our findings deepen the understanding of atmospheric HONO, crucial for air quality assessment.
Gaurav Govardhan, Sachin D. Ghude, Rajesh Kumar, Sumit Sharma, Preeti Gunwani, Chinmay Jena, Prafull Yadav, Shubhangi Ingle, Sreyashi Debnath, Pooja Pawar, Prodip Acharja, Rajmal Jat, Gayatry Kalita, Rupal Ambulkar, Santosh Kulkarni, Akshara Kaginalkar, Vijay K. Soni, Ravi S. Nanjundiah, and Madhavan Rajeevan
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 2617–2640, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-2617-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-2617-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A newly developed air quality forecasting framework, Decision Support System (DSS), for air quality management in Delhi, India, provides source attribution with numerous emission reduction scenarios besides forecasts. DSS shows that during post-monsoon and winter seasons, Delhi and its neighboring districts contribute to 30 %–40 % each to pollution in Delhi. On average, a 40 % reduction in the emissions in Delhi and the surrounding districts would result in a 24 % reduction in Delhi's pollution.
Camille Viatte, Nadir Guendouz, Clarisse Dufaux, Arjan Hensen, Daan Swart, Martin Van Damme, Lieven Clarisse, Pierre Coheur, and Cathy Clerbaux
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 15253–15267, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15253-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15253-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Ammonia (NH3) is an important air pollutant which, as a precursor of fine particulate matter, raises public health concerns. Models have difficulty predicting events of pollution associated with NH3 since ground-based observations of this gas are still relatively sparse and difficult to implement. We present the first relatively long (2.5 years) and continuous record of hourly NH3 concentrations in Paris to determine its temporal variabilities at different scales to unravel emission sources.
Lieven Clarisse, Bruno Franco, Martin Van Damme, Tommaso Di Gioacchino, Juliette Hadji-Lazaro, Simon Whitburn, Lara Noppen, Daniel Hurtmans, Cathy Clerbaux, and Pierre Coheur
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 5009–5028, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-5009-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-5009-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Ammonia is an important atmospheric pollutant. This article presents version 4 of the algorithm which retrieves ammonia abundances from the infrared measurements of the satellite sounder IASI. A measurement operator is introduced that can emulate the measurements (so-called averaging kernels) and measurement uncertainty is better characterized. Several other changes to the product itself are also documented, most of which improve the temporal consistency of the 2007–2022 IASI NH3 dataset.
Rui Wang, Da Pan, Xuehui Guo, Kang Sun, Lieven Clarisse, Martin Van Damme, Pierre-François Coheur, Cathy Clerbaux, Melissa Puchalski, and Mark A. Zondlo
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 13217–13234, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13217-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13217-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Ammonia (NH3) is a key precursor for fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and a primary form of reactive nitrogen, yet it has sparse ground measurements. We perform the first comprehensive comparison between ground observations and satellite retrievals in the US, demonstrating that satellite NH3 data can help fill spatial gaps in the current ground monitoring networks. Trend analyses using both datasets highlight increasing NH3 trends across the US, including the NH3 hotspots and urban areas.
Rimal Abeed, Camille Viatte, William C. Porter, Nikolaos Evangeliou, Cathy Clerbaux, Lieven Clarisse, Martin Van Damme, Pierre-François Coheur, and Sarah Safieddine
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 12505–12523, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12505-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12505-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Ammonia emissions from agricultural activities will inevitably increase with the rise in population. We use a variety of datasets (satellite, reanalysis, and model simulation) to calculate the first regional map of ammonia emission potential during the start of the growing season in Europe. We then apply our developed method using a climate model to show the effect of the temperature increase on future ammonia columns under two possible climate scenarios.
Money Ossohou, Jonathan Edward Hickman, Lieven Clarisse, Pierre-François Coheur, Martin Van Damme, Marcellin Adon, Véronique Yoboué, Eric Gardrat, Maria Dias Alvès, and Corinne Galy-Lacaux
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9473–9494, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9473-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9473-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The updated analyses of ground-based concentrations and satellite total vertical columns of atmospheric ammonia help us to better understand 21st century ammonia dynamics in sub-Saharan Africa. We conclude that the drivers of trends are agriculture in the dry savanna of Katibougou, Mali; air temperature and agriculture in the wet savanna of Djougou, Benin, and Lamto, Côte d'Ivoire; and leaf area index, air temperature, residential, and agriculture in forests of Bomassa, Republic of Congo.
Zhao-Cheng Zeng, Lu Lee, Chengli Qi, Lieven Clarisse, and Martin Van Damme
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 3693–3713, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-3693-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-3693-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents an NH3 retrieval algorithm based on the optimal estimation method for the Geostationary Interferometric Infrared Sounder (GIIRS) on board China’s FengYun-4B satellite (FY-4B/GIIRS). Retrieval results demonstrate the capability of FY-4B/GIIRS in capturing the diurnal NH3 changes in East Asia. This operational geostationary observation by FY-4B/GIIRS represents an important advancement over the twice-per-day observations provided by current low-Earth-orbit (LEO) instruments.
Kaiyue Zhou, Wen Xu, Lin Zhang, Mingrui Ma, Xuejun Liu, and Yu Zhao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8531–8551, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8531-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8531-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a dataset of the long-term (2005–2020) variabilities of China’s nitrogen and sulfur deposition, with multiple statistical models that combine available observations and chemistry transport modeling. We demonstrated the strong impact of human activities and national pollution control actions on the spatiotemporal changes in deposition and indicated a relatively small benefit of emission abatement on deposition (and thereby ecological risk) for China compared to Europe and the USA.
Adrien Vu Van, Anne Boynard, Pascal Prunet, Dominique Jolivet, Olivier Lezeaux, Patrice Henry, Claude Camy-Peyret, Lieven Clarisse, Bruno Franco, Pierre-François Coheur, and Cathy Clerbaux
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 2107–2127, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-2107-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-2107-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
With its near-real-time observations and good horizontal coverage, the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) instrument can contribute to the monitoring systems for a systematic and continuous detection of exceptional atmospheric events such as fires, anthropogenic pollution episodes, volcanic eruptions, or industrial releases. In this paper, a new approach is described for the detection and characterization of unexpected events in terms of trace gases using IASI radiance spectra.
Chuanhua Ren, Xin Huang, Tengyu Liu, Yu Song, Zhang Wen, Xuejun Liu, Aijun Ding, and Tong Zhu
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 1641–1659, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-1641-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-1641-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Ammonia in the atmosphere has wide impacts on the ecological environment and air quality, and its emission from soil volatilization is highly sensitive to meteorology, making it challenging to be well captured in models. We developed a dynamic emission model capable of calculating ammonia emission interactively with meteorological and soil conditions. Such a coupling of soil emission with meteorology provides a better understanding of ammonia emission and its contribution to atmospheric aerosol.
Maureen Beaudor, Nicolas Vuichard, Juliette Lathière, Nikolaos Evangeliou, Martin Van Damme, Lieven Clarisse, and Didier Hauglustaine
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 1053–1081, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-1053-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-1053-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Ammonia mainly comes from the agricultural sector, and its volatilization relies on environmental variables. Our approach aims at benefiting from an Earth system model framework to estimate it. By doing so, we represent a consistent spatial distribution of the emissions' response to environmental changes.
We greatly improved the seasonal cycle of emissions compared with previous work. In addition, our model includes natural soil emissions (that are rarely represented in modeling approaches).
Pooja V. Pawar, Sachin D. Ghude, Gaurav Govardhan, Prodip Acharja, Rachana Kulkarni, Rajesh Kumar, Baerbel Sinha, Vinayak Sinha, Chinmay Jena, Preeti Gunwani, Tapan Kumar Adhya, Eiko Nemitz, and Mark A. Sutton
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 41–59, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-41-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-41-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, for the first time in South Asia we compare simulated ammonia, ammonium, and total ammonia using the WRF-Chem model and MARGA measurements during winter in the Indo-Gangetic Plain region. Since observations show HCl promotes the fraction of high chlorides in Delhi, we added HCl / Cl emissions to the model. We conducted three sensitivity experiments with changes in HCl emissions, and improvements are reported in accurately simulating ammonia, ammonium, and total ammonia.
Marsailidh M. Twigg, Augustinus J. C. Berkhout, Nicholas Cowan, Sabine Crunaire, Enrico Dammers, Volker Ebert, Vincent Gaudion, Marty Haaima, Christoph Häni, Lewis John, Matthew R. Jones, Bjorn Kamps, John Kentisbeer, Thomas Kupper, Sarah R. Leeson, Daiana Leuenberger, Nils O. B. Lüttschwager, Ulla Makkonen, Nicholas A. Martin, David Missler, Duncan Mounsor, Albrecht Neftel, Chad Nelson, Eiko Nemitz, Rutger Oudwater, Celine Pascale, Jean-Eudes Petit, Andrea Pogany, Nathalie Redon, Jörg Sintermann, Amy Stephens, Mark A. Sutton, Yuk S. Tang, Rens Zijlmans, Christine F. Braban, and Bernhard Niederhauser
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 6755–6787, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-6755-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-6755-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Ammonia (NH3) gas in the atmosphere impacts the environment, human health, and, indirectly, climate. Historic NH3 monitoring was labour intensive, and the instruments were complicated. Over the last decade, there has been a rapid technology development, including “plug-and-play” instruments. This study is an extensive field comparison of the currently available technologies and provides evidence that for routine monitoring, standard operating protocols are required for datasets to be comparable.
Simon Whitburn, Lieven Clarisse, Marc Crapeau, Thomas August, Tim Hultberg, Pierre François Coheur, and Cathy Clerbaux
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 6653–6668, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-6653-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-6653-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
With more than 15 years of measurements, the IASI radiance dataset is becoming a reference climate data record. Its exploitation for satellite applications requires an accurate and unbiased detection of cloud scenes. Here, we present a new cloud detection algorithm for IASI that is both sensitive and consistent over time. It is based on the use of a neural network, relying on IASI radiance information only and taking as a reference the last version of the operational IASI L2 cloud product.
Beatriz Herrera, Alejandro Bezanilla, Thomas Blumenstock, Enrico Dammers, Frank Hase, Lieven Clarisse, Adolfo Magaldi, Claudia Rivera, Wolfgang Stremme, Kimberly Strong, Camille Viatte, Martin Van Damme, and Michel Grutter
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 14119–14132, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14119-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14119-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This work investigates atmospheric ammonia (NH3), a key trace gas with consequences for the environment and human health, in Mexico City. The results from the ground-based and satellite instruments show the variability and spatial distribution of NH3 over this region. NH3 in Mexico City has been increasing for the past 10 years and most of its sources are urban. This work contributes to a better understanding of NH3 sources and variability in urban and remote areas.
Camille Viatte, Rimal Abeed, Shoma Yamanouchi, William C. Porter, Sarah Safieddine, Martin Van Damme, Lieven Clarisse, Beatriz Herrera, Michel Grutter, Pierre-Francois Coheur, Kimberly Strong, and Cathy Clerbaux
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 12907–12922, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12907-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12907-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Large cities can experience high levels of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution linked to ammonia (NH3) mainly emitted from agricultural activities. Using a combination of PM2.5 and NH3 measurements from in situ instruments, satellite infrared spectrometers, and atmospheric model simulations, we have demonstrated the role of NH3 and meteorological conditions on pollution events occurring over Paris, Toronto, and Mexico City.
Catherine Wespes, Gaetane Ronsmans, Lieven Clarisse, Susan Solomon, Daniel Hurtmans, Cathy Clerbaux, and Pierre-François Coheur
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 10993–11007, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10993-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10993-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The first 10-year data record (2008–2017) of HNO3 total columns measured by the IASI-A/MetOp infrared sounder is exploited to monitor the relationship between the temperature decrease and the HNO3 loss observed each year in the Antarctic stratosphere during the polar night. We verify the recurrence of specific regimes in the cycle of IASI HNO3 and identify the day and the 50 hPa temperature (
drop temperature) corresponding to the onset of denitrification in Antarctic winter for each year.
Nicolas Theys, Christophe Lerot, Hugues Brenot, Jeroen van Gent, Isabelle De Smedt, Lieven Clarisse, Mike Burton, Matthew Varnam, Catherine Hayer, Benjamin Esse, and Michel Van Roozendael
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 4801–4817, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-4801-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-4801-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Sulfur dioxide plume height after a volcanic eruption is an important piece of information for many different scientific studies and applications. Satellite UV retrievals are useful in this respect, but available algorithms have shown so far limited sensitivity to SO2 height. Here we present a new technique to improve the retrieval of SO2 plume height for SO2 columns as low as 5 DU. We demonstrate the algorithm using TROPOMI measurements and compare with other height estimates.
Zhenqi Luo, Yuzhong Zhang, Wei Chen, Martin Van Damme, Pierre-François Coheur, and Lieven Clarisse
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 10375–10388, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10375-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10375-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We quantify global ammonia (NH3) emissions over the period from 2008 to 2018 using an improved fast top-down method that incorporates Infrared Atmospheric
Sounding Interferometer (IASI) satellite observations and GEOS-Chem atmospheric chemical simulations. The top-down analysis finds a global total NH3 emission that is 30 % higher than the bottom-up estimate, largely reconciling a large discrepancy of more than a factor of 2 found in previous top-down studies using the same satellite data.
Pu Liu, Jia Ding, Lei Liu, Wen Xu, and Xuejun Liu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 9099–9110, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9099-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9099-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Ammonia (NH3) is the important alkaline gas and the key component of fine particulate matter. We used satellite-based observations to analyze the changes in hourly NH3 concentrations and estimated surface NH3 concentrations and NH3 emissions in China. This study shows enormous potential for using satellite data to estimate surface NH3 concentrations and NH3 emissions and provides an important reference for understanding NH3 variation in China.
Fanlei Meng, Yibo Zhang, Jiahui Kang, Mathew R. Heal, Stefan Reis, Mengru Wang, Lei Liu, Kai Wang, Shaocai Yu, Pengfei Li, Jing Wei, Yong Hou, Ying Zhang, Xuejun Liu, Zhenling Cui, Wen Xu, and Fusuo Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 6291–6308, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6291-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6291-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
PM2.5 pollution is a pressing environmental issue threatening human health and food security globally. We combined a meta-analysis of nationwide measurements and air quality modeling to identify efficiency gains by striking a balance between controlling NH3 and acid gas emissions. Persistent secondary inorganic aerosol pollution in China is limited by acid gas emissions, while an additional control on NH3 emissions would become more important as reductions in SO2 and NOx emissions progress.
Maria-Elissavet Koukouli, Konstantinos Michailidis, Pascal Hedelt, Isabelle A. Taylor, Antje Inness, Lieven Clarisse, Dimitris Balis, Dmitry Efremenko, Diego Loyola, Roy G. Grainger, and Christian Retscher
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 5665–5683, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5665-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5665-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Volcanic eruptions eject large amounts of ash and trace gases into the atmosphere. The use of space-borne instruments enables the global monitoring of volcanic SO2 emissions in an economical and risk-free manner. The main aim of this paper is to present its extensive verification, accomplished within the ESA S5P+I: SO2LH project, over major recent volcanic eruptions, against collocated space-borne measurements, as well as assess its impact on the forecasts provided by CAMS.
Andrea Pozzer, Simon F. Reifenberg, Vinod Kumar, Bruno Franco, Matthias Kohl, Domenico Taraborrelli, Sergey Gromov, Sebastian Ehrhart, Patrick Jöckel, Rolf Sander, Veronica Fall, Simon Rosanka, Vlassis Karydis, Dimitris Akritidis, Tamara Emmerichs, Monica Crippa, Diego Guizzardi, Johannes W. Kaiser, Lieven Clarisse, Astrid Kiendler-Scharr, Holger Tost, and Alexandra Tsimpidi
Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 2673–2710, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-2673-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-2673-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A newly developed setup of the chemistry general circulation model EMAC (ECHAM5/MESSy for Atmospheric Chemistry) is evaluated here. A comprehensive organic degradation mechanism is used and coupled with a volatility base model.
The results show that the model reproduces most of the tracers and aerosols satisfactorily but shows discrepancies for oxygenated organic gases. It is also shown that this model configuration can be used for further research in atmospheric chemistry.
Marie Bouillon, Sarah Safieddine, Simon Whitburn, Lieven Clarisse, Filipe Aires, Victor Pellet, Olivier Lezeaux, Noëlle A. Scott, Marie Doutriaux-Boucher, and Cathy Clerbaux
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 1779–1793, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-1779-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-1779-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The IASI instruments have been observing Earth since 2007. We use a neural network to retrieve atmospheric temperatures. This new temperature data record is validated against other datasets and shows good agreement. We use this new dataset to compute trends over the 2008–2020 period. We found a warming of the troposphere, more important at the poles. In the stratosphere, we found that temperatures decrease everywhere except at the South Pole. The cooling is more pronounced at the South pole.
Nicolas Theys, Vitali Fioletov, Can Li, Isabelle De Smedt, Christophe Lerot, Chris McLinden, Nickolay Krotkov, Debora Griffin, Lieven Clarisse, Pascal Hedelt, Diego Loyola, Thomas Wagner, Vinod Kumar, Antje Innes, Roberto Ribas, François Hendrick, Jonas Vlietinck, Hugues Brenot, and Michel Van Roozendael
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 16727–16744, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16727-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16727-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We present a new algorithm to retrieve sulfur dioxide from space UV measurements. We apply the technique to high-resolution TROPOMI measurements and demonstrate the high sensitivity of the approach to weak SO2 emissions worldwide with an unprecedented limit of detection of 8 kt yr−1. This result has broad implications for atmospheric science studies dealing with improving emission inventories and identifying and quantifying missing sources, in the context of air quality and climate.
Jonathan E. Hickman, Niels Andela, Enrico Dammers, Lieven Clarisse, Pierre-François Coheur, Martin Van Damme, Courtney A. Di Vittorio, Money Ossohou, Corinne Galy-Lacaux, Kostas Tsigaridis, and Susanne E. Bauer
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 16277–16291, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16277-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16277-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Ammonia (NH3) gas emitted from soils and biomass burning contributes to particulate air pollution. We used satellite observations of the atmosphere over Africa to show that declines in NH3 concentrations over South Sudan's Sudd wetland in 2008–2017 are related to variation in wetland extent. We also find NH3 concentrations increased in West Africa as a result of biomass burning and increased in the Lake Victoria region, likely due to agricultural expansion and intensification.
Hugues Brenot, Nicolas Theys, Lieven Clarisse, Jeroen van Gent, Daniel R. Hurtmans, Sophie Vandenbussche, Nikolaos Papagiannopoulos, Lucia Mona, Timo Virtanen, Andreas Uppstu, Mikhail Sofiev, Luca Bugliaro, Margarita Vázquez-Navarro, Pascal Hedelt, Michelle Maree Parks, Sara Barsotti, Mauro Coltelli, William Moreland, Simona Scollo, Giuseppe Salerno, Delia Arnold-Arias, Marcus Hirtl, Tuomas Peltonen, Juhani Lahtinen, Klaus Sievers, Florian Lipok, Rolf Rüfenacht, Alexander Haefele, Maxime Hervo, Saskia Wagenaar, Wim Som de Cerff, Jos de Laat, Arnoud Apituley, Piet Stammes, Quentin Laffineur, Andy Delcloo, Robertson Lennart, Carl-Herbert Rokitansky, Arturo Vargas, Markus Kerschbaum, Christian Resch, Raimund Zopp, Matthieu Plu, Vincent-Henri Peuch, Michel Van Roozendael, and Gerhard Wotawa
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 3367–3405, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-3367-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-3367-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The purpose of the EUNADICS-AV (European Natural Airborne Disaster Information and Coordination System for Aviation) prototype early warning system (EWS) is to develop the combined use of harmonised data products from satellite, ground-based and in situ instruments to produce alerts of airborne hazards (volcanic, dust, smoke and radionuclide clouds), satisfying the requirement of aviation air traffic management (ATM) stakeholders (https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/723986).
Simon Rosanka, Bruno Franco, Lieven Clarisse, Pierre-François Coheur, Andrea Pozzer, Andreas Wahner, and Domenico Taraborrelli
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 11257–11288, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11257-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11257-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The strong El Niño in 2015 led to a particular dry season in Indonesia and favoured severe peatland fires. The smouldering conditions of these fires and the high carbon content of peat resulted in high volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions. By using a comprehensive atmospheric model, we show that these emissions have a significant impact on the tropospheric composition and oxidation capacity. These emissions are transported into to the lower stratosphere, resulting in a depletion of ozone.
Zixun Chen, Xuejun Liu, Xiaoqing Cui, Yaowen Han, Guoan Wang, and Jiazhu Li
Biogeosciences, 18, 2859–2870, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2859-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2859-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
δ13C in plants is a sensitive long-term indicator of physiological acclimatization. The present study suggests that precipitation change and increasing atmospheric N deposition have little impact on δ13C of H. ammodendron, a dominant plant in central Asian deserts, but affect its gas exchange. In addition, this study shows that δ13C of H. ammodendron could not indicate its water use efficiency (WUE), suggesting that whether δ13C of C4 plants indicates WUE is species-specific.
Yunhua Chang, Yan-Lin Zhang, Sawaeng Kawichai, Qian Wang, Martin Van Damme, Lieven Clarisse, Tippawan Prapamontol, and Moritz F. Lehmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 7187–7198, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7187-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7187-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we integrated satellite constraints on atmospheric NH3 levels and fire intensity, discrete NH3 concentration measurement, and N isotopic analysis of NH3 in order to assess the regional-scale contribution of biomass burning to ambient atmospheric NH3 in the heartland of Southeast Asia. The combined approach provides a valuable cross-validation framework for source apportioning of NH3 in the lower atmosphere and will thus help to ameliorate predictions of biomass burning emissions.
Karn Vohra, Eloise A. Marais, Shannen Suckra, Louisa Kramer, William J. Bloss, Ravi Sahu, Abhishek Gaur, Sachchida N. Tripathi, Martin Van Damme, Lieven Clarisse, and Pierre-F. Coheur
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 6275–6296, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6275-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6275-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We find satellite observations of atmospheric composition generally reproduce variability in surface air pollution, so we use their long record to estimate air quality trends in major UK and Indian cities. Our trend analysis shows that pollutants targeted with air quality policies have not declined in Delhi and Kanpur but have in London and Birmingham, with the exception of a recent and dramatic increase in reactive volatile organics in London. Unregulated ammonia has increased only in Delhi.
Nikolaos Evangeliou, Yves Balkanski, Sabine Eckhardt, Anne Cozic, Martin Van Damme, Pierre-François Coheur, Lieven Clarisse, Mark W. Shephard, Karen E. Cady-Pereira, and Didier Hauglustaine
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 4431–4451, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-4431-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-4431-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Ammonia, a substance that has played a key role in sustaining life, has been increasing in the atmosphere, affecting climate and humans. Understanding the reasons for this increase is important for the beneficial use of ammonia. The evolution of satellite products gives us the opportunity to calculate ammonia emissions easier. We calculated global ammonia emissions over the last 10 years, incorporated them into a chemistry model and recorded notable improvement in reproducing observations.
Yilin Chen, Huizhong Shen, Jennifer Kaiser, Yongtao Hu, Shannon L. Capps, Shunliu Zhao, Amir Hakami, Jhih-Shyang Shih, Gertrude K. Pavur, Matthew D. Turner, Daven K. Henze, Jaroslav Resler, Athanasios Nenes, Sergey L. Napelenok, Jesse O. Bash, Kathleen M. Fahey, Gregory R. Carmichael, Tianfeng Chai, Lieven Clarisse, Pierre-François Coheur, Martin Van Damme, and Armistead G. Russell
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 2067–2082, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2067-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2067-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Ammonia (NH3) emissions can exert adverse impacts on air quality and ecosystem well-being. NH3 emission inventories are viewed as highly uncertain. Here we optimize the NH3 emission estimates in the US using an air quality model and NH3 measurements from the IASI satellite instruments. The optimized NH3 emissions are much higher than the National Emissions Inventory estimates in April. The optimized NH3 emissions improved model performance when evaluated against independent observation.
Shoma Yamanouchi, Camille Viatte, Kimberly Strong, Erik Lutsch, Dylan B. A. Jones, Cathy Clerbaux, Martin Van Damme, Lieven Clarisse, and Pierre-Francois Coheur
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 905–921, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-905-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-905-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Ammonia (NH3) is a major source of pollution in the air. As such, there have been increasing efforts to measure the atmospheric abundance of NH3 and its spatial and temporal variability. In this study, long-term measurements of NH3 over Toronto, Canada, derived from multiscale datasets are examined. These NH3 datasets were compared to each other and to a model to better understand NH3 variability and to assess model performance.
Y. Sim Tang, Chris R. Flechard, Ulrich Dämmgen, Sonja Vidic, Vesna Djuricic, Marta Mitosinkova, Hilde T. Uggerud, Maria J. Sanz, Ivan Simmons, Ulrike Dragosits, Eiko Nemitz, Marsailidh Twigg, Netty van Dijk, Yannick Fauvel, Francisco Sanz, Martin Ferm, Cinzia Perrino, Maria Catrambone, David Leaver, Christine F. Braban, J. Neil Cape, Mathew R. Heal, and Mark A. Sutton
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 875–914, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-875-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-875-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The DELTA® approach provided speciated, monthly data on reactive gases (NH3, HNO3, SO2, HCl) and aerosols (NH4+, NO3−, SO42−, Cl−, Na+) across Europe (2006–2010). Differences in spatial and temporal concentrations and patterns between geographic regions and four ecosystem types were captured. NH3 and NH4NO3 were dominant components, highlighting their growing relative importance in ecosystem impacts (acidification, eutrophication) and human health effects (NH3 as a precursor to PM2.5) in Europe.
Jize Jiang, David S. Stevenson, Aimable Uwizeye, Giuseppe Tempio, and Mark A. Sutton
Biogeosciences, 18, 135–158, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-135-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-135-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Ammonia is a key water and air pollutant and impacts human health and climate change. Ammonia emissions mainly originate from agriculture. We find that chicken agriculture contributes to large ammonia emissions, especially in hot and wet regions. These emissions can be greatly affected by the local environment, i.e. temperature and humidity, and also by human management. We develop a model that suggests ammonia emissions from chicken farming are likely to increase under a warming climate.
Pierre-Yves Tournigand, Valeria Cigala, Elzbieta Lasota, Mohammed Hammouti, Lieven Clarisse, Hugues Brenot, Fred Prata, Gottfried Kirchengast, Andrea K. Steiner, and Riccardo Biondi
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 3139–3159, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3139-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3139-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The detection and monitoring of volcanic clouds are important for aviation management, climate and weather forecasts. We present in this paper the first comprehensive archive collecting spatial and temporal information about volcanic clouds generated by the 11 largest eruptions of this century. We provide a complete set of state-of-the-art data allowing the development and testing of new algorithms contributing to improve the accuracy of the estimation of fundamental volcanic cloud parameters.
Audrey Fortems-Cheiney, Gaëlle Dufour, Karine Dufossé, Florian Couvidat, Jean-Marc Gilliot, Guillaume Siour, Matthias Beekmann, Gilles Foret, Frederik Meleux, Lieven Clarisse, Pierre-François Coheur, Martin Van Damme, Cathy Clerbaux, and Sophie Génermont
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 13481–13495, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-13481-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-13481-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Studies have suggested the importance of ammonia emissions on pollution particle formation over Europe, whose main atmospheric source is agriculture. In this study, we performed an inter-comparison of two alternative inventories, both with a reference inventory, that quantify the French ammonia emissions during spring 2011. Over regions with large mineral fertilizer use, like over northeastern France, NH3 emissions are probably considerably underestimated by the reference inventory.
Baozhu Ge, Syuichi Itahashi, Keiichi Sato, Danhui Xu, Junhua Wang, Fan Fan, Qixin Tan, Joshua S. Fu, Xuemei Wang, Kazuyo Yamaji, Tatsuya Nagashima, Jie Li, Mizuo Kajino, Hong Liao, Meigen Zhang, Zhe Wang, Meng Li, Jung-Hun Woo, Junichi Kurokawa, Yuepeng Pan, Qizhong Wu, Xuejun Liu, and Zifa Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 10587–10610, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-10587-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-10587-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Performances of the simulated deposition for different reduced N (Nr) species in China were conducted with the Model Inter-Comparison Study for Asia. Results showed that simulated wet deposition of oxidized N was overestimated in northeastern China and underestimated in south China, but Nr was underpredicted in all regions by all models. Oxidized N has larger uncertainties than Nr, indicating that the chemical reaction process is one of the most importance factors affecting model performance.
Cited articles
Acharja, P., Ali, K., Trivedi, D. K., Safai, P. D., Ghude, S., Prabhakaran,
T., and Rajeevan, M.: Characterization of atmospheric trace gases and water
soluble inorganic chemical ions of PM1 and PM2.5 at Indira Gandhi
International Airport, New Delhi during 2017–18 winter, Sci. Total
Environ., 729, 138800, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138800, 2020.
Alexandratos, N. and Bruinsma, J.: World Agriculture Towards 2030/2050, The
2012 Revision, Global Perspective Studies Team, FAO Agricultural Development
Economics Division, ESA Working Paper No. 12-03, 12, available at: http://www.fao.org/docrep/016/ap106e/ap106e.pdf (last access: 14 March 2018), 2012.
Aneja, V. P., Murray, G. C., and Southerland, J.: Atmospheric nitrogen
compounds: Emissions, transport, transformation, deposition, and assessment,
EM Air Waste Manag. Assoc. Mag. Environ. Manag., 22–25, 1998.
Aneja, V. P., Battye, W., Behera, S. N., Erisman, J. W., Schlesinger, W. H., and Sharma, M.: Reactive nitrogen emissions from crop and livestock farming
in India, Atmos. Environ., 47, 92–103, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.11.026,
2011.
Battye, W. and B. R.: Review of Ammonia Emission Modeling Techniques for
Natural Landscapes and Fertilized Soils, Work Assign. No. 2-09, 27517(68), USEPA, available at: https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-08/documents/nh3_report_0504.pdf (last access: 15 January 2020), 2004.
Behera, S. N., Sharma, M., Aneja, V. P., and Balasubramanian, R.: Ammonia in
the atmosphere: a review on emission sources, atmospheric chemistry and
deposition on terrestrial bodies, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 20,
8092–8131, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-013-2051-9, 2013.
Chan, K. L.: Biomass burning sources and their contributions to the local
air quality in Hong Kong, Sci. Total Environ., 596–597, 212–221,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.091, 2017.
Clarisse, L., Clerbaux, C., Dentener, F., Hurtmans, D., and Coheur, P. F.:
Global ammonia distribution derived from infrared satellite observations,
Nat. Geosci., 2, 479–483, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo551, 2009.
Clarisse, L., Shephard, M. W., Dentener, F., Hurtmans, D., Cady-Pereira, K.,
Karagulian, F., Van Damme, M., Clerbaux, C., and Coheur, P. F.: Satellite
monitoring of ammonia: A case study of the San Joaquin Valley, J. Geophys.
Res.-Atmos., 115, 1–15, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD013291, 2010.
Clarisse, L., Van Damme, M., Clerbaux, C., and Coheur, P. F.: Tracking down
global NH3 point sources with wind-adjusted superresolution, Atmos.
Meas. Tech., 12, 5457–5473, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-5457-2019, 2019.
Clerbaux, C., Boynard, A., Clarisse, L., George, M., Hadji-Lazaro, J., Herbin, H., Hurtmans, D., Pommier, M., Razavi, A., Turquety, S., Wespes, C., and Coheur, P.-F.: Monitoring of atmospheric composition using the thermal infrared IASI/MetOp sounder, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 6041–6054, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-6041-2009, 2009.
CDS-ESPRI: NH3, IASI satellite datasets, available at: http://cds-espri.ipsl.upmc.fr/etherTypo/index.php?id=1700&L=1/ (last access: 15 April 2018), 2019.
CPCB: Guidelines for Real Time Sampling & Analyses, available at: http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/files/NAAQSManualVolumeII.pdf (last access: 24 November 2020),
2011.
CPCB: Annual Report 2014–15, Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), Delhi, India, available at: http://cpcbenvis.nic.in/annual_report/AnnualReport_55_Annual_Report_2014-15.pdf (last access: 16 April 2019), 2014.
CPCB: measurement database in India, available at: https://app.cpcbccr.com/ccr/#/login/, last access: 15 April 2019.
CPCB: Central Pollution Control Board, available at: https://cpcb.nic.in/quality-assurance-quality-control/, last access: 26 May 2020.
Crippa, M., Guizzardi, D., Muntean, M., Schaaf, E., Dentener, F., van Aardenne, J. A., Monni, S., Doering, U., Olivier, J. G. J., Pagliari, V., and Janssens-Maenhout, G.: Gridded emissions of air pollutants for the period 1970–2012 within EDGAR v4.3.2, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10, 1987–2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-1987-2018, 2018.
Dammers, E., McLinden, C. A., Griffin, D., Shephard, M. W., Van Der Graaf, S., Lutsch, E., Schaap, M., Gainairu-Matz, Y., Fioletov, V., Van Damme, M., Whitburn, S., Clarisse, L., Cady-Pereira, K., Clerbaux, C., Coheur, P. F., and Erisman, J. W.: NH3 emissions from large point sources derived from CrIS and IASI satellite observations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 12261–12293, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-12261-2019, 2019.
Dao, X., Wang, Z., Lv, Y., Teng, E., Zhang, L., and Wang, C.: Chemical
characteristics of water-soluble ions in particulate matter in three
metropolitan areas in the North China Plain, PLoS One, 9, 1–16,
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0113831, 2014.
Datta, A., Sharma, S. K., Harit, R. C., Kumar, V., Mandal, T. K., and Pathak,
H.: Ammonia emission from subtropical crop land area in india, Asia-Pacific
J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 275–281, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13143-012-0027-1, 2012.
Dlugokencky, E. J., Myers, R. C., Lang, P. M., Masarie, K. A., Crotwell, A.
M., Thoning, K. W., Hall, B. D., Elkins, J. W., and Steele, L. P.: Conversion
of NOAA atmospheric dry air CH4 mole fractions to a gravimetrically
prepared standard scale, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 110, 1–8,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006035, 2005.
Dlugokencky, E., Lang, P., and Masarie, K.: Atmospheric Methane Dry Air Mole Fractions from the NOAA ESRL Carbon Cycle Cooperative Global Air Sampling Network, 1983–2007, Version: 2008-07-02, available at: ftp://ftp.cmdl.noaa.gov/ ccg/ch4/flask/ (last access: 17 June 2015), 2008.
Emmons, L. K., Walters, S., Hess, P. G., Lamarque, J.-F., Pfister, G. G., Fillmore, D., Granier, C., Guenther, A., Kinnison, D., Laepple, T., Orlando, J., Tie, X., Tyndall, G., Wiedinmyer, C., Baughcum, S. L., and Kloster, S.: Description and evaluation of the Model for Ozone and Related chemical Tracers, version 4 (MOZART-4), Geosci. Model Dev., 3, 43–67, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-3-43-2010, 2010.
The Fertiliser Association of India (FAI): Fertiliser Association of India Annual Report 2018–2019, Delhi, India, 2018.
Ghude, S. D., Fadnavis, S., Beig, G., Polade, S. D., and van der A, R. J.:
Detection of surface emission hot spots, trends, and seasonal cycle from
satellite-retrieved NO2 over India, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D20305,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD009615, 2008.
Ghude, S. D., Lal, D. M., Beig, G., van der A, R., and Sable, D.:
Rain-Induced Soil NOx Emission From India During the Onset of the
Summer Monsoon: A Satellite Perspective, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D16304,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD013367, 2010.
Ghude, S. D., Beig, G., Kulkarni, P. S., Kanawade, V. P., Fadnavis, S.,
Remedios, J. J., and Kulkarni, S. H.: Regional co pollution over the
Indian-subcontinent and various transport pathways as observed by mopitt,
Int. J. Remote Sens., 32, 6133–6148, https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2010.507796,
2011.
Ghude, S. D., Kulkarni, S. H., Jena, C., Pfister, G. G., Beig, G., Fadnavis,
S., and Van Der, R. J.: Application of satellite observations for identifying
regions of dominant sources of nitrogen oxides over the indian subcontinent,
J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 118, 1075–1089, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JD017811, 2013.
Ghude, S. D., Chate, D. M., Jena, C., Beig, G., Kumar, R., Barth, M. C.,
Pfister, G. G., Fadnavis, S., and Pithani, P.: Premature mortality in India
due to PM2.5 and ozone exposure, Geophys. Res. Lett., 43,
4650–4658, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL068949, 2016.
Ghude, S. D., Bhat, G. S., Prabhakaran, T., Jenamani, R. K., Chate, D. M.,
Safai, P. D., Karipot, A. K., Konwar, M., Pithani, P., Sinha, V., Rao, P. S.
P., Dixit, S. A., Tiwari, S., Todekar, K., Varpe, S., Srivastava, A. K.,
Bisht, D. S., Murugavel, P., Ali, K., Mina, U., Dharua, M., Rao, Y. J.,
Padmakumari, B., Hazra, A., Nigam, N., Shende, U., Lal, D. M., Chandra, B.
P., Mishra, A. K., Kumar, A., Hakkim, H., Pawar, H., Acharja, P., Kulkarni,
R., Subharthi, C., Balaji, B., Varghese, M., Bera, S., and Rajeevan, M.:
Winter fog experiment over the Indo-Gangetic plains of India, Curr. Sci.,
112, 767–784, https://doi.org/10.18520/cs/v112/i04/767-784, 2017.
Guenther, A., Karl, T., Harley, P., Wiedinmyer, C., Palmer, P. I., and Geron, C.: Estimates of global terrestrial isoprene emissions using MEGAN (Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature), Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 3181–3210, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-3181-2006, 2006.
Han, X., Zhu, L., Liu, M., Song, Y., and Zhang, M.: Numerical analysis of agricultural emissions impacts on PM2.5 in China using a high-resolution ammonia emission inventory, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 9979–9996, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-9979-2020, 2020.
Huang, K., Fu, J. S., Hsu, N. C., Gao, Y., Dong, X., Tsay, S. C., and Lam, Y.
F.: Impact assessment of biomass burning on air quality in Southeast and
East Asia during BASE-ASIA, Atmos. Environ., 78, 291–302,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.03.048, 2013.
Huang, X., Song, Y., Li, M., Li, J., Huo, Q., Cai, X., Zhu, T., Hu, M., and
Zhang, H.: A high-resolution ammonia emission inventory in China, Global
Biogeochem. Cy., 26, 1–14, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GB004161, 2012.
HTAP-v2: EDGAR datasets, available at: https://edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu/htap_v2/index.php/, last access: 26 May 2019.
IPCC: Emissions scenarios, A special report of IPCC Working Group III, Cambridge University Press, Cambrige, UK, available at: https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/03/sres-en.pdf (last access: 16 April 2020), 2000.
Janssens-Maenhout, G., Dentener, F. J., Aardenne, J. Van, Monni, S.,
Pagliari, V., Orlandini, L., Klimont, Z., Kurokawa, J., Akimoto, H., Ohara,
T., Wankmüller, R., Battye, B., Grano, D., Zuber, A., and Keating, T.:
EDGAR-HTAP: a harmonized gridded air pollution emission dataset based on
national inventories, European Commission Publication Office, https://doi.org/10.2788/14102, 2012.
Janssens-Maenhout, G., Crippa, M., Guizzardi, D., Dentener, F., Muntean, M., Pouliot, G., Keating, T., Zhang, Q., Kurokawa, J., Wankmüller, R., Denier van der Gon, H., Kuenen, J. J. P., Klimont, Z., Frost, G., Darras, S., Koffi, B., and Li, M.: HTAP_v2.2: a mosaic of regional and global emission grid maps for 2008 and 2010 to study hemispheric transport of air pollution, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 11411–11432, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-11411-2015, 2015.
Jena, C., Ghude, S. D., Pfister, G. G., Chate, D. M., Kumar, R., Beig, G.,
Surendran, D. E., Fadnavis, S., and Lal, D. M.: Influence of springtime
biomass burning in South Asia on regional ozone (O3): A model based
case study, Atmos. Environ., 100, 37–47,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.10.027, 2015a.
Jena, C., Ghude, S. D., Beig, G., Chate, D. M., Kumar, R., Pfister, G. G.,
Lal, D. M., Surendran, D. E., Fadnavis, S., and van der A, R. J.:
Inter-comparison of different NOx emission inventories and associated
variation in simulated surface ozone in Indian region, Atmos. Environ., 117,
61–73, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.06.057, 2015b.
Kumar, R., Barth, M. C., Pfister, G. G., Delle Monache, L., Lamarque, J. F.,
Archer-Nicholls, S., Tilmes, S., Ghude, S. D., Wiedinmyer, C., Naja, M., and
Walters, S.: How Will Air Quality Change in South Asia by 2050?, J. Geophys.
Res.-Atmos., 123, 1840–1864, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JD027357, 2018.
Kurokawa, J., Ohara, T., Morikawa, T., Hanayama, S., Janssens-Maenhout, G., Fukui, T., Kawashima, K., and Akimoto, H.: Emissions of air pollutants and greenhouse gases over Asian regions during 2000–2008: Regional Emission inventory in ASia (REAS) version 2, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 11019–11058, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-11019-2013, 2013.
Kuttippurath, J., Singh, A., Dash, S. P., Mallick, N., Clerbaux, C., Van
Damme, M., Clarisse, L., Coheur, P. F., Raj, S., Abbhishek, K., and
Varikoden, H.: Record high levels of atmospheric ammonia over India: Spatial
and temporal analyses, Sci. Total Environ., 740, 139986,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139986, 2020.
Lal, D. M., Ghude, S. D., Singh, J. and Tiwari, S.: Relationship between
Size of Cloud Ice and Lightning in the Tropics, Advances in Meterology, 471864, https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/471864, 2014.
Lawrence, P. J. and Chase, T. N.: Representing a new MODIS consistent land
surface in the Community Land Model (CLM 3.0), J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeo., 112, G01023, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JG000168, 2007.
Li, L., Friedl, M. A., Xin, Q., Gray, J., Pan, Y., and Frolking, S.: Mapping
Crop Cycles in China Using MODIS-EVI Time Series, 6, 2473–2493, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs6032473, 2014.
Li, M., Zhang, Q., Kurokawa, J., Woo, J., He, K. B., Lu, Z., and Ohara, T.:
MIX: a mosaic Asian anthropogenic emission inventory for the MICS-Asia and
the HTAP projects, 34813–34869, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions, https://doi.org/10.5194/acpd-15-34813-2015, 2015.
Li, M., Zhang, Q., Kurokawa, J.-I., Woo, J.-H., He, K., Lu, Z., Ohara, T., Song, Y., Streets, D. G., Carmichael, G. R., Cheng, Y., Hong, C., Huo, H., Jiang, X., Kang, S., Liu, F., Su, H., and Zheng, B.: MIX: a mosaic Asian anthropogenic emission inventory under the international collaboration framework of the MICS-Asia and HTAP, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 935–963, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-935-2017, 2017.
Liu, L., Zhang, X., Xu, W., Liu, X., Li, Y., Lu, X., Zhang, Y., and Zhang, W.: Temporal characteristics of atmospheric ammonia and nitrogen dioxide over China based on emission data, satellite observations and atmospheric transport modeling since 1980, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 9365–9378, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-9365-2017, 2017a.
Liu, X., Xu, W., Duan, L., Du, E., Pan, Y., Lu, X., Zhang, L., Wu, Z., Wang,
X., Zhang, Y., Shen, J., Song, L., Feng, Z., Liu, X., Song, W., Tang, A.,
Zhang, Y., Zhang, X., and Collett, J. L.: Atmospheric Nitrogen Emission,
Deposition, and Air Quality Impacts in China: an Overview, Curr. Pollut.
Reports, 3, 65–77, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40726-017-0053-9, 2017b.
Mandal, T. K., Saxena, M., Rohtash, Sharma, S. K., Gupta, N. C., Kumar, M., and Saraswati: Characteristics of ambient ammonia over Delhi, India,
Meteorol. Atmos. Phys., 124, 67–82, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00703-013-0299-8,
2013.
Metzger, S., Dentener, F., Pandis, S., and Lelieveld, J.: Gas/aerosol
partitioning: 1. A computationally efficient model, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.,
107, 4312, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD001102, 2002.
Metzger, S., Mihalopoulos, N., and Lelieveld, J.: Importance of mineral cations and organics in gas-aerosol partitioning of reactive nitrogen compounds: case study based on MINOS results, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 2549–2567, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-2549-2006, 2006.
Móring, A., Hooda, S., Raghuram, N., Adhya, T. K., Ahmad, A.,
Bandyopadhyay, S. K., Barsby, T., Beig, G., Bentley, A. R., Bhatia, A.,
Dragosits, U., Drewer, J., Foulkes, J., Ghude, S. D., Gupta, R., Jain, N.,
Kumar, D., Kumar, R. M., Ladha, J. K., Mandal, P. K., Neeraja, C. N.,
Pandey, R., Pathak, H., Pawar, P., Pellny, T. K., Poole, P., Price, A., Rao,
D. L. N., Reay, D. S., Singh, N. K., Sinha, S. K., Srivastava, R. K.,
Shewry, P., Smith, J., Steadman, C. E., Subrahmanyam, D., Surekha, K.,
Venkatesh, K., Varinderpal-Singh, Uwizeye, A., Vieno, M., and Sutton, M. A.:
Nitrogen Challenges and Opportunities for Agricultural and Environmental
Science in India, Front. Sustain. Food Syst., 5, 505347, https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2021.505347, 2021.
Mortier, A., Gliß, J., Schulz, M., Aas, W., Andrews, E., Bian, H., Chin, M., Ginoux, P., Hand, J., Holben, B., Zhang, H., Kipling, Z., Kirkevåg, A., Laj, P., Lurton, T., Myhre, G., Neubauer, D., Olivié, D., von Salzen, K., Skeie, R. B., Takemura, T., and Tilmes, S.: Evaluation of climate model aerosol trends with ground-based observations over the last 2 decades – an AeroCom and CMIP6 analysis, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 13355–13378, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-13355-2020, 2020.
NNDNM: A database of atmospheric nitrogen concentration and deposition from a nationwide monitoring network in China, available at: https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Data_Descriptor_Xu_et_al_20181211_Scientific_data_docx/7451357/5, last access: 15 January 2020.
Novelli, P. C.: Molecular hydrogen in the troposphere: Global distribution and budget, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 104, 30427–30444, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JD900788, 1999
Oleson, K. W., Lawrence, D. M., Bonan, G. B., Flanner, M. G., Kluzek, E., Lawrence, P. J., Levis, S., Swenson, S. C., Thornton, P. E., Dai, A., Decker, M., Dickinson, R., Feddema, Johannes., Heald, C. L., Hoffman, F., Lamarque, J. F., Mahowald, N., Niu, G. Y., Qian, T., Randerson, J., Running, S., Sakaguchi, K., Slater, A., Stockli, R., Wang, A., Yang, Z. L., Zeng, X., and Zeng, X: Technical Description of version 4.0 of the Community Land Model (CLM), University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, https://doi.org/10.5065/D6FB50WZ, 2010.
Pfister, G. G., Emmons, L. K., Hess, P. G., Lamarque, J. F., Orlando, J. J.,
Walters, S., Guenther, A., Palmer, P. I., and Lawrence, P. J.: Contribution
of isoprene to chemical budgets: A model tracer study with the NCAR CTM
MOZART-4, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 113, D05308, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD008948, 2008.
Pinder, R. W., Adams, P. J., and Pandis, S. N.: Ammonia Emission Controls as
a Cost-Effective Strategy for Reducing Atmospheric Particulate Matter in the
Eastern United States, Environ. Sci. Technol., 41, 380–386,
https://doi.org/10.1021/es060379a, 2007.
Pinder, R. W., Gilliland, A. B., and Dennis, R. L.: Environmental impact of
atmospheric NH3 emissions under present and future conditions in the eastern
United States, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L12808, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL033732, 2008.
Randerson, J. T., van der Werf, G. R., Giglio, L., Collatz, G. J., and Kasibhatla, P. S.: Global Fire Emissions Database, Version 3.1. ORNL DAAC, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA, available at: https://doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1191 (last access: 26 May 2020), 2013.
Saraswati, M. P. G., Sharma, S. K., Mandal, T. K., and Kotnala, R. K.:
Simultaneous Measurements of Ambient NH3 and Its Relationship with Other
Trace Gases, PM2.5 and Meteorological Parameters over Delhi, India, Mapan – J. Metrol. Soc. India, 34, 55–69, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12647-018-0286-0, 2019.
Seinfeld, J. H. and Pandis, S. N.: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics: From
Air Pollution to Climate Change, Wiley, available at: https://books.google.co.in/books?id=J3s30hwn_K0C (last access: 26 May 2020), 2012.
Seinfeld, J. H., Pandis, S. N., and Noone, K.: Atmospheric Chemistry and
Physics: From Air Pollution to Climate Change, Phys. Today, 51, 88–90,
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.882420, 1998.
Sharma, C., Tiwari, M. K., and Pathak, H.: Estimates of emission and deposition of reactive nitrogenous species for India, Curr. Sci., 94, 1439–1446, availabe at: http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/files/12_1.pdf (last access: 16 April 2020), 2008.
Sharma, S. K., Saxena, M., Saud, T., Korpole, S., and Mandal, T. K.:
Measurement of NH3, NO, NO2 and related particulates at urban sites of indo
gangetic plain (IGP) of India, J. Sci. Ind. Res. (India), 71, 360–362,
2012.
Sharma, S. K., Harit, R. C., Kumar, V., Mandal, T. K., and Pathak, H.:
Ammonia Emission from Rice-Wheat Cropping System in Subtropical Soil of
India, Agric. Res., 3, 175–180, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40003-014-0107-9, 2014a.
Sharma, S. K., Kumar, M., Rohtash, G. N. C., Saraswati, S. M., and
Mandal, T. K.: Characteristics of ambient ammonia over Delhi, India, Meteorol. Atmos. Phys., 124, 67–82, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00703-013-0299-8, 2014b.
Someya, Y., Imasu, R., Shiomi, K., and Saitoh, N.: Atmospheric ammonia retrieval from the TANSO-FTS/GOSAT thermal infrared sounder, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 309–321, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-309-2020, 2020.
Surendran, D., Jena, C., Beig, G., Chate, D. M., and Ghude, S. D.:
Quantifying the sectoral contribution of pollution transport from South Asia
during summer and winter monsoon seasons in support of HTAP-2 experiment,
Atmos. Environ., 145, 60–71, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.09.011, 2016.
Surendran, D. E., Ghude, S. D., Beig, G., Emmons, L. K., Jena, C., Kumar,
R., Pfister, G. G., and Chate, D. M.: Air quality simulation over South Asia
using Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution version-2 (HTAP-v2) emission
inventory and Model for Ozone and Related chemical Tracers (MOZART-4),
Atmos. Environ., 122, 357–372, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.08.023, 2015.
Sutton, M. A., Reis, S., Riddick, S. N., Dragosits, U., Nemitz, E.,
Theobald, M. R., Tang, Y. S., Braban, C. F., Vieno, M., Dore, A. J.,
Mitchell, R. F., Wanless, S., Daunt, F., Fowler, D., Blackall, T. D.,
Milford, C., Flechard, C. R., Loubet, B., Massad, R., Cellier, P., Personne,
E., Coheur, P. F., Clarisse, L., Van Damme, M., Ngadi, Y., Clerbaux, C.,
Skjøth, C. A., Geels, C., Hertel, O., Kruit, R. J. W., Pinder, R. W.,
Bash, J. O., Walker, J. T., Simpson, D., Horváth, L., Misselbrook, T.
H., Bleeker, A., Dentener, F., and de Vries, W.: Towards a climate-dependent
paradigm of ammonia emission and deposition, Philos. T. Roy. Soc. B., 368, 1–13, https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2013.0166, 2013.
Sutton, M. A., Drewer, J., Moring, A., Adhya, T. K., Ahmed, A., Bhatia, A.,
Brownlie, W., Dragosits, U., Ghude, S. D., Hillier, J., Hooda, S., Howard,
C. M., Jain, N., Kumar, D., Kumar, R. M., Nayak, D. R., Neeraja, C. N.,
Prasanna, R., Price, A., Ramakrishnan, B., Reay, D. S., Singh, R., Skiba,
U., Smith, J. U., Sohi, S., Subrahmanyan, D., Surekha, K., van Grinsven, H.
J. M., Vieno, M., Voleti, S. R., Pathak, H., and Raghuram, N.: 2 – The Indian
Nitrogen Challenge in a Global Perspective, in: The Indian Nitrogen
Assessment, edited by: Abrol, Y. P., Adhya, T. K., Aneja, V. P., Raghuram, N., Pathak, H., Kulshrestha, U., Sharma, C., and Singh, B., pp. 9–28, Elsevier, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-811836-8.00002-1, 2017a.
Sutton, M. A., Drewer, J., Moring, A., Adhya, T. K, Ahmed, A., and Bhatia, A.: The
Indian nitrogen assessment: sources of reactive nitrogen, environmental and
climate effects, management options, and policies, in: The Indian Nitrogen
Assessment, edited by: Abrol, Y. P., Adhya, T. K., Aneja, V. P., Raghuram, N., Pathak, H., Kulshrestha, U., Sharma, C., and Singh, B., pp. 9–25, Elsevier, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-811836-8.01002-8, 2017b.
Technical specifications for CAAQM station: Technical Specifications for CAAQM station: Real time, Central Pollution Control Board, East Arjun Nagar, Shahdara, India, available at: https://erc.mp.gov.in/Documents/doc/Guidelines/CAAQMS_Specs_new.pdf, last access: 16 April 2019.
TF HTAP: AeroCom database, model data, available at: (http://www.htap.org/ (last accessed 22 June 2020), 2018.
The Global Challenges Research Fund (GCRF): South Asia Nitrogen Hub, NERC project, available at: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE/S009019/1/ (last access: 22 June 2020), 2019.
Tie, X., Brasseur, G., Emmons, L., Horowitz, L., and Kinnison, D.: Effects of
aerosols on tropospheric oxidants: A global model study, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 106, 22931–22964, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD900206, 2001.
Tie, X., Madronich, S., Walters, S., Zhang, R., Rasch, P., and Collins, W.:
Effect of clouds on photolysis and oxidants in the troposphere, 108, 4642, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JD003659, 2003.
Tie, X., Madronich, S., Walters, S., Edwards, D. P., Ginoux, P., Mahowald,
N., Zhang, R. Y., Lou, C., and Brasseur, G.: Assessment of the global impact
of aerosols on tropospheric oxidants, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 110,
1–32, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JD005359, 2005.
Tong, D., Cheng, J., Liu, Y., Yu, S., Yan, L., Hong, C., Qin, Y., Zhao, H., Zheng, Y., Geng, G., Li, M., Liu, F., Zhang, Y., Zheng, B., Clarke, L., and Zhang, Q.: Dynamic projection of anthropogenic emissions in China: methodology and 2015–2050 emission pathways under a range of socio-economic, climate policy, and pollution control scenarios, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 5729–5757, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-5729-2020, 2020.
Van Damme, M, Wichink Kruit, R. J., Schaap, M., Clarisse, L., Clerbaux, C.,
Coheur, P. F., Dammers, E., Dolman, A. J., and Erisman, J. W.: Evaluating 4
years of atmospheric ammonia (NH3) over Europe using IASI satellite
observations and LOTOS-EUROS model results, J. Geophys. Res., 119,
9549–9566, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JD021911, 2014a.
Van Damme, M., Clarisse, L., Heald, C. L., Hurtmans, D., Ngadi, Y., Clerbaux, C., Dolman, A. J., Erisman, J. W., and Coheur, P. F.: Global distributions, time series and error characterization of atmospheric ammonia (NH3) from IASI satellite observations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 2905–2922, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-2905-2014, 2014b.
Van Damme, M., Clarisse, L., Dammers, E., Liu, X., Nowak, J. B., Clerbaux, C., Flechard, C. R., Galy-Lacaux, C., Xu, W., Neuman, J. A., Tang, Y. S., Sutton, M. A., Erisman, J. W., and Coheur, P. F.: Towards validation of ammonia (NH3) measurements from the IASI satellite, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 8, 1575–1591, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-1575-2015, 2015a.
Van Damme, Erisman, J. W., Clarisse, L., Dammers, E., Whitburn, S.,
Clerbaux, C., Dolman, A. J., and Coheur, P.: Worldwide spatiotemporal
atmospheric ammonia (NH3), Geophys. Res. Lett., 1–9, 8660–8668, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL065496, 2015b.
Van Damme, M., Whitburn, S., Clarisse, L., Clerbaux, C., Hurtmans, D., and Coheur, P.-F.: Version 2 of the IASI NH3 neural network retrieval algorithm: near-real-time and reanalysed datasets, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 10, 4905-4914, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-4905-2017, 2017.
Van Damme, M., Clarisse, L., Whitburn, S., Hadji-Lazaro, J., Hurtmans, D.,
Clerbaux, C., and Coheur, P. F.: Industrial and agricultural ammonia point
sources exposed, Nature, 564, 99–103, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0747-1,
2018.
Viatte, C., Wang, T., Van Damme, M., Dammers, E., Meleux, F., Clarisse, L., Shephard, M. W., Whitburn, S., Coheur, P. F., Cady-Pereira, K. E., and Clerbaux, C.: Atmospheric ammonia variability and link with particulate matter formation: a case study over the Paris area, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 577–596, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-577-2020, 2020.
Wang, T., Song, Y., Xu, Z., Liu, M., Xu, T., Liao, W., Yin, L., Cai, X., Kang, L., Zhang, H., and Zhu, T.: Why is the Indo-Gangetic Plain the region with the largest NH3 column in the globe during pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons?, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 8727–8736, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-8727-2020, 2020.
Wesely, M. L.: Parameterization of surface resistances to gaseous dry
deposition in regional-scale numerical models, Atmos. Environ., 23,
1293–1304, https://doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(89)90153-4, 1989.
Whitburn, S., Damme, M. Van, Clarisse, L., Bauduin, S., Heald, C. L.,
Hurtmans, D., Zondlo, M. A., Clerbaux, C., and Coheur, P.: A flexible and
robust neural network IASI-NH3, 121, 6581–6599,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JD024828, 2016.
Wu, J., Kong, S., Wu, F., Cheng, Y., Zheng, S., Yan, Q., Zheng, H., Yang, G., Zheng, M., Liu, D., Zhao, D., and Qi, S.: Estimating the open biomass burning emissions in central and eastern China from 2003 to 2015 based on satellite observation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 11623–11646, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-11623-2018, 2018.
Xu, J. S., He, J., Behera, S. N., Xu, H. H., Ji, D. S., Wang, C. J., Yu, H.,
Xiao, H., Jiang, Y. J., Qi, B., and Du, R. G.: Temporal and spatial variation
in major ion chemistry and source identification of secondary inorganic
aerosols in Northern Zhejiang Province, China, Chemosphere, 179, 316–330, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.03.119, 2017.
Xu, R. T., Pan, S. F., Chen, J., Chen, G. S., Yang, J., Dangal, S. R. S.,
Shepard, J. P., and Tian, H. Q.: Half-Century Ammonia Emissions From
Agricultural Systems in Southern Asia: Magnitude, Spatiotemporal Patterns,
and Implications for Human Health, GeoHealth, 2, 40–53,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2017gh000098, 2018.
Xu, W., Zhang, L., and Liu, X.: A database of atmospheric nitrogen
concentration and deposition from the nationwide monitoring network in
China, Sci. Data, 6, 51, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-019-0061-2, 2019.
Zhang, X., Liu, J., Han, H., Zhang, Y., Jiang, Z., Wang, H., Meng, L., Li, Y. C., and Liu, Y.: Satellite-Observed Variations and Trends in Carbon Monoxide over Asia and Their Sensitivities to Biomass Burning, Remote Sens., 12, 830, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12050830, 2020.
Zhang, Y., Dore, A. J., Ma, L., Liu, X. J., Ma, W. Q., Cape, J. N., and
Zhang, F. S.: Agricultural ammonia emissions inventory and spatial
distribution in the North China Plain, Environ. Pollut., 158, 490–501,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2009.08.033, 2010.
Zhao, B., Wang, S. X., Liu, H., Xu, J. Y., Fu, K., Klimont, Z., Hao, J. M., He, K. B., Cofala, J., and Amann, M.: NOx emissions in China: historical trends and future perspectives, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 9869–9897, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-9869-2013, 2013.
Zheng, B., Tong, D., Li, M., Liu, F., Hong, C., Geng, G., Li, H., Li, X., Peng, L., Qi, J., Yan, L., Zhang, Y., Zhao, H., Zheng, Y., He, K., and Zhang, Q.: Trends in China's anthropogenic emissions since 2010 as the consequence of clean air actions, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 14095–14111, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-14095-2018, 2018.
Zheng, J., Hu, M., Du, Z., Shang, D., Gong, Z., Qin, Y., Fang, J., Gu, F., Li, M., Peng, J., Li, J., Zhang, Y., Huang, X., He, L., Wu, Y., and Guo, S.: Influence of biomass burning from South Asia at a high-altitude mountain receptor site in China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 6853–6864, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-6853-2017, 2017.
Zhou, Y., Zhang, Y., Tian, D., and Mu, Y.: Impact of dicyandiamide on
emissions of nitrous oxide, nitric oxide and ammonia from agricultural field
in the North China Plain, J. Environ. Sci., 40, 20–27,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2015.08.016, 2016.
Zhu, L., Henze, D. K., Bash, J. O., Cady-Pereira, K. E., Shephard, M. W.,
Luo, M., and Capps, S. L.: Sources and Impacts of Atmospheric NH3: Current
Understanding and Frontiers for Modeling, Measurements, and Remote Sensing
in North America, Curr. Pollut. Reports, 1, 95–116,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40726-015-0010-4, 2015.
Short summary
In this study, simulations of atmospheric ammonia (NH3) with MOZART-4 and HTAP-v2 are compared with satellite (IASI) and ground-based measurements to understand the spatial and temporal variability of NH3 over two emission hotspot regions of Asia, the IGP and the NCP. Our simulations indicate that the formation of ammonium aerosols is quicker over the NCP than the IGP, leading to smaller NH3 columns over the higher NH3-emitting NCP compared to the IGP region for comparable emissions.
In this study, simulations of atmospheric ammonia (NH3) with MOZART-4 and HTAP-v2 are compared...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint