the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Evaluating the sensitivity of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) simulations to chemical mechanism in Delhi
Abstract. Elevated levels of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) during winter-time have become one of the most important environmental concerns over the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) region of India, and particularly for Delhi. Accurate reconstruction of PM2.5, its optical properties, and dominant chemical components over this region is essential to evaluate the performance of the air quality models. In this study, we investigated the effect of three different aerosol mechanisms coupled with gas-phase chemical schemes on simulated PM2.5 mass concentration in Delhi using the Weather Research and Forecasting model with the Chemistry module (WRF-Chem). The model was employed to cover the entire northern region of India at 10 km horizontal spacing. Results were compared with comprehensive filed data set on dominant PM2.5 chemical compounds from the Winter Fog Experiment (WiFEX) at Delhi, and surface PM2.5 observations in Delhi (17 sites), Punjab (3 sites), Haryana (4 sites), Uttar Pradesh (7 sites) and Rajasthan (17 sites). The Model for Ozone and Related Chemical Tracers (MOZART-4) gas-phase chemical mechanism coupled with the Goddard Chemistry Aerosol Radiation and Transport (GOCART) aerosol scheme (MOZART-GOCART) were selected in the first experiment as it is currently employed in the operational air quality forecasting system of Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES), Government of India. Other two simulations were performed with the MOZART-4 gas-phase chemical mechanism coupled with the Model for Simulating Aerosol Interactions and Chemistry (MOZART-MOSAIC), and Carbon Bond 5 (CB-05) gas-phase mechanism couple with the Modal Aerosol Dynamics Model for Europe/Secondary Organic Aerosol Model (CB05-MADE/SORGAM) aerosol mechanisms. The evaluation demonstrated that chemical mechanisms affect the evolution of gas-phase precursors and aerosol processes, which in turn affect the optical depth and overall performance of the model for PM2.5. All the three coupled schemes, MOZART-GOCART, MOZART-MOSAIC, and CB05-MADE/SORGAM, underestimate the observed concentrations of major aerosol composition (NO3−, SO42−, Cl−, BC, OC, and NH4+) and precursor gases (HNO3, NH3, SO2, NO2, and O3) over Delhi. Comparison with observations suggests that the simulations using MOZART-4 gas-phase chemical mechanism with MOSAIC aerosol performed better in simulating aerosols over Delhi and its optical depth over the IGP. The lowest NMB (−18.8 %, MB = −27.4 μg/m3) appeared for the simulations using MOZART-MOSAIC scheme, whereas the NMB was observed 32.5 % (MB = −47.5 μg/m3) for CB05-MADE/SORGAM and −53.3 % (MB = −78 μg/m3) for MOZART-GOCART scheme.
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Interactive discussion
- RC1: 'Review of Jena et al', Anonymous Referee #1, 11 Nov 2020
- RC2: 'Review of Jena et al.', Anonymous Referee #2, 19 Nov 2020
Interactive discussion
- RC1: 'Review of Jena et al', Anonymous Referee #1, 11 Nov 2020
- RC2: 'Review of Jena et al.', Anonymous Referee #2, 19 Nov 2020
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Cited
9 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Performance of high resolution (400 m) PM2.5 forecast over Delhi C. Jena et al. 10.1038/s41598-021-83467-8
- Secondary organic aerosols from anthropogenic volatile organic compounds contribute substantially to air pollution mortality B. Nault et al. 10.5194/acp-21-11201-2021
- Regional scale air quality modelling system in India: issues, challenges and suggestive framework N. Shukla et al. 10.1007/s12517-023-11474-2
- Elucidating the impacts of COVID-19 lockdown on air quality and ozone chemical characteristics in India B. Roozitalab et al. 10.1039/D2EA00023G
- Chloride (HCl ∕ Cl−) dominates inorganic aerosol formation from ammonia in the Indo-Gangetic Plain during winter: modeling and comparison with observations P. Pawar et al. 10.5194/acp-23-41-2023
- Decision Support System version 1.0 (DSS v1.0) for air quality management in Delhi, India G. Govardhan et al. 10.5194/gmd-17-2617-2024
- Air Pollution Over India: Causal Factors for the High Pollution with Implications for Mitigation N. Singh et al. 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.1c00170
- Evaluation of WRF-Chem-simulated meteorology and aerosols over northern India during the severe pollution episode of 2016 P. Agarwal et al. 10.5194/acp-24-2239-2024
- Role of atmospheric aerosols in severe winter fog over the Indo-Gangetic Plain of India: a case study C. Bharali et al. 10.5194/acp-24-6635-2024
Chinmay Jena
Sachin D. Ghude
Rachana Kulkarni
Sreyashi Debnath
Rajesh Kumar
Vijay Kumar Soni
Prodip Acharja
Santosh H. Kulkarni
Manoj Khare
Akshara J. Kaginalkar
Dilip M. Chate
Kaushar Ali
Ravi S. Nanjundiah
Madhavan N. Rajeevan
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