Articles | Volume 26, issue 16
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-11991-2026
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-11991-2026
Research article
 | 
24 Aug 2026
Research article |  | 24 Aug 2026

Importance of hydrated aerosol particles for aerosol–fog relationships in the Italian Po Valley

Almuth Neuberger, Rahul Ranjan, Hao Ding, Fredrik Mattsson, Lea Haberstock, Darrel Baumgardner, Stefano Decesari, Annica M. L. Ekman, Dagen D. Hughes, Claudia Mohr, Marco Paglione, Ilona Riipinen, Matteo Rinaldi, and Paul Zieger

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We studied how particles from air pollution that absorb water but do not yet form fog droplets influence fog and visibility in northern Italy’s Po Valley. Using detailed field observations and computer modeling, we found that these “hydrated” particles can explain many low-visibility events. Recognizing their role helps improve forecasts of fog, air quality, and climate effects in polluted regions.
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