Articles | Volume 25, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-705-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-705-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
20 Jan 2025
Research article |
| 20 Jan 2025
| 20 Jan 2025
Role of a key microphysical factor in mixed-phase stratocumulus clouds and their interactions with aerosols
Seoung Soo Lee
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Science and Technology Corporation, Hampton, Virginia, USA
Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
Research Center for Climate Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
Chang Hoon Jung
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Health Management, Kyungin Women's University, Incheon, South Korea
Jinho Choi
Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
Young Jun Yoon
Division of Ocean and Atmosphere Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, South Korea
Junshik Um
Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
Institute of Environmental Studies, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
Youtong Zheng
Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
Jianping Guo
State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
Manguttathil G. Manoj
Advanced Centre for Atmospheric Radar Research, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kerala, India
Sang-Keun Song
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Earth and Marine Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea
Kyung-Ja Ha
Center for Climate Physics, Institute for Basic Science, Busan, South Korea
BK21 School of Earth and Environmental Systems, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
Institute for Future Earth, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
Publisher's note: Kyung-Ja Ha was added as co-author to this paper on 24 March 2025. They originally contributed to the manuscript but were missing in the author list upon publication.
Related authors
Jeonggyu Kim, Sungmin Park, Greg M. McFarquhar, Anthony J. Baran, Joo Wan Cha, Kyoungmi Lee, Seoung Soo Lee, Chang Hoon Jung, Kyo-Sun Sunny Lim, and Junshik Um
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 12707–12726, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12707-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12707-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We developed idealized models to represent the shapes of ice particles found in deep convective clouds and calculated their single-scattering properties. By comparing these results with in situ measurements, we discovered that a mixture of shape models matches in situ measurements more closely than single-form models or aggregate models. This finding has important implications for enhancing the simulation of single-scattering properties of ice crystals in deep convective clouds.
Seoung Soo Lee, Junshik Um, Won Jun Choi, Kyung-Ja Ha, Chang Hoon Jung, Jianping Guo, and Youtong Zheng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 273–286, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-273-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-273-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This paper elaborates on process-level mechanisms regarding how the interception of radiation by aerosols interacts with the surface heat fluxes and atmospheric instability in warm cumulus clouds. This paper elucidates how these mechanisms vary with the location or altitude of an aerosol layer. This elucidation indicates that the location of aerosol layers should be taken into account for parameterizations of aerosol–cloud interactions.
Seoung Soo Lee, Jinho Choi, Goun Kim, Kyung-Ja Ha, Kyong-Hwan Seo, Chang Hoon Jung, Junshik Um, Youtong Zheng, Jianping Guo, Sang-Keun Song, Yun Gon Lee, and Nobuyuki Utsumi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 9059–9081, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9059-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9059-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates how aerosols affect clouds and precipitation and how the aerosol effects vary with varying types of clouds that are characterized by cloud depth in two metropolitan areas in East Asia. As cloud depth increases, the enhancement of precipitation amount transitions to no changes in precipitation amount with increasing aerosol concentrations. This indicates that cloud depth needs to be considered for a comprehensive understanding of aerosol-cloud interactions.
Seoung Soo Lee, Kyung-Ja Ha, Manguttathil Gopalakrishnan Manoj, Mohammad Kamruzzaman, Hyungjun Kim, Nobuyuki Utsumi, Youtong Zheng, Byung-Gon Kim, Chang Hoon Jung, Junshik Um, Jianping Guo, Kyoung Ock Choi, and Go-Un Kim
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 16843–16868, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16843-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16843-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Using a modeling framework, a midlatitude stratocumulus cloud system is simulated. It is found that cloud mass in the system becomes very low due to interactions between ice and liquid particles compared to that in the absence of ice particles. It is also found that interactions between cloud mass and aerosols lead to a reduction in cloud mass in the system, and this is contrary to an aerosol-induced increase in cloud mass in the absence of ice particles.
Deli Meng, Jianping Guo, Juan Chen, Xiaoran Guo, Ning Li, Yuping Sun, Zhen Zhang, Na Tang, Hui Xu, Tianmeng Chen, Rongfang Yang, and Jiajia Hua
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 4023–4037, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-4023-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-4023-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides a high-resolution dataset of low-level atmospheric turbulence across China, using radar and weather balloon observations. It reveals regional and seasonal variations in turbulence, with stronger activity in spring and summer. The dataset supports weather forecasting, aviation safety, and low-altitude flight planning, aiding China's growing low-altitude economy, and is accessible at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14959025.
Xiaoran Guo, Jianping Guo, Deli Meng, Yuping Sun, Zhen Zhang, Hui Xu, Liping Zeng, Juan Chen, Ning Li, and Tianmeng Chen
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 3541–3552, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-3541-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-3541-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Optimal atmospheric dynamic conditions are essential for convective storms. This study generates a dataset of high-resolution divergence and vorticity profiles using the measurements of a radar wind profiler mesonet in Beijing. The negative divergence and positive vorticity are present ahead of rainfall events. This suggests that this dataset can help improve our understanding of the pre-storm environment and has the potential to be applied in weather forecasting.
Juan Zhao, Jianping Guo, and Xiaohui Zheng
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 4075–4101, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-4075-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-4075-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
A series of observing system simulation experiments are conducted to assess the impact of multiple radar wind profiler (RWP) networks on convective-scale numerical weather prediction. Results from three southwest-type heavy rainfall cases in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region suggest the added forecast skill of ridge and foothill networks associated with the Taihang Mountains over the existing RWP network. This research provides valuable guidance for designing optimal RWP networks in the region.
Xiaozhong Cao, Qiyun Guo, Haowen Luo, Rongkang Yang, Peng Zhang, Jianping Guo, Jincheng Wang, Die Xiao, Jianping Du, Zhongliang Sun, Shijun Liu, Sijie Chen, and Anfan Huang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2012, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study aims to introduce in-situ profiling techniques and cost-effective technology for upper-air observation—the Round-trip Drifting Sounding System (RDSS)—which reduces costs relative to intensive sounding and achieves three sounding phases: Ascent-Drift-Descent (ADD). The RDSS not only provides additional data for weather analysis and numerical prediction models but also makes substantial contributions to targeted observations.
Dominic Heslin-Rees, Peter Tunved, Diego Aliaga, Janne Lampilahti, Ilona Riipinen, Annica Ekman, Ki-Tae Park, Martina Mazzini, Stefania Gilardoni, Roseline Thakur, Kihong Park, Young Jun Yoon, Kitack Lee, Mikko Sipilä, Mauro Mazzola, and Radovan Krejci
Aerosol Research Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/ar-2025-11, https://doi.org/10.5194/ar-2025-11, 2025
Preprint under review for AR
Short summary
Short summary
New particles form in the atmosphere and can influence the climate. We studied Arctic new particle formation (NPF) from 2022 to 2024 at the Zeppelin Observatory, on Svalbard. NPF occurs from April to November, peaking in late spring as sunlight increases. Some particles measured on-site grow large enough to seed clouds. Sunlight and existing aerosol particles strongly impact the likelihood of NPF, which mainly originates from marine regions, particularly the Greenland Sea.
James Brean, David C. S. Beddows, Eija Asmi, Aki Virkkula, Lauriane L. J. Quéléver, Mikko Sipilä, Floortje Van Den Heuvel, Thomas Lachlan-Cope, Anna Jones, Markus Frey, Angelo Lupi, Jiyeon Park, Young Jun Yoon, Rolf Weller, Giselle L. Marincovich, Gabriela C. Mulena, Roy M. Harrison, and Manuel Dall'Osto
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 1145–1162, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1145-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1145-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Our results emphasise how understanding the geographical variation in surface types across the Antarctic is key to understanding secondary aerosol sources.
Zhiqi Xu, Jianping Guo, Guwei Zhang, Yuchen Ye, Haikun Zhao, and Haishan Chen
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 5753–5766, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-5753-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-5753-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Tropical cyclones (TCs) are powerful weather systems that can cause extreme disasters. Here we generate a global long-term TC size and intensity reconstruction dataset, covering a time period from 1959 to 2022, with a 3 h temporal resolution, using machine learning models. These can be valuable for filling observational data gaps and advancing our understanding of TC climatology, thereby facilitating risk assessments and defenses against TC-related disasters.
Jeonggyu Kim, Sungmin Park, Greg M. McFarquhar, Anthony J. Baran, Joo Wan Cha, Kyoungmi Lee, Seoung Soo Lee, Chang Hoon Jung, Kyo-Sun Sunny Lim, and Junshik Um
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 12707–12726, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12707-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12707-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We developed idealized models to represent the shapes of ice particles found in deep convective clouds and calculated their single-scattering properties. By comparing these results with in situ measurements, we discovered that a mixture of shape models matches in situ measurements more closely than single-form models or aggregate models. This finding has important implications for enhancing the simulation of single-scattering properties of ice crystals in deep convective clouds.
Deli Meng, Jianping Guo, Xiaoran Guo, Yinjun Wang, Ning Li, Yuping Sun, Zhen Zhang, Na Tang, Haoran Li, Fan Zhang, Bing Tong, Hui Xu, and Tianmeng Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8703–8720, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8703-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8703-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The turbulence in the planetary boundary layer (PBL) over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) remains unclear. Here we elucidate the vertical profile of and temporal variation in the turbulence dissipation rate in the PBL over the TP based on a radar wind profiler (RWP) network. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the turbulence profile over the whole TP has been revealed. Furthermore, the possible mechanisms of clouds acting on the PBL turbulence structure are investigated.
Xiaoran Guo, Jianping Guo, Tianmeng Chen, Ning Li, Fan Zhang, and Yuping Sun
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8067–8083, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8067-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8067-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The prediction of downhill thunderstorms (DSs) remains elusive. We propose an objective method to identify DSs, based on which enhanced and dissipated DSs are discriminated. A radar wind profiler (RWP) mesonet is used to derive divergence and vertical velocity. The mid-troposphere divergence and prevailing westerlies enhance the intensity of DSs, whereas low-level divergence is observed when the DS dissipates. The findings highlight the key role that an RWP mesonet plays in the evolution of DSs.
Jiao Xue, Tian Zhang, Keyhong Park, Jinpei Yan, Young Jun Yoon, Jiyeon Park, and Bingbing Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 7731–7754, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7731-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7731-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ice formation by particles is an important way of making mixed-phase and ice clouds. We found that particles collected in the marine atmosphere exhibit diverse ice nucleation abilities and mixing states. Sea salt mixed-sulfate particles were enriched in ice-nucleating particles. Selective aging on sea salt particles made particle populations more externally mixed. Characterizations of particles and their mixing state are needed for a better understanding of aerosol–cloud interactions.
Yange Deng, Hiroshi Tanimoto, Kohei Ikeda, Sohiko Kameyama, Sachiko Okamoto, Jinyoung Jung, Young Jun Yoon, Eun Jin Yang, and Sung-Ho Kang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 6339–6357, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6339-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6339-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Black carbon (BC) aerosols play important roles in Arctic climate change, yet they are not well understood because of limited observational data. We observed BC mass concentrations (mBC) in the western Arctic Ocean during summer and early autumn 2016–2020. The mean mBC in 2019 was much higher than in other years. Biomass burning was likely the dominant BC source. Boreal fire BC transport occurring near the surface and/or in the mid-troposphere contributed to high-BC events in the Arctic Ocean.
Kaixu Bai, Ke Li, Liuqing Shao, Xinran Li, Chaoshun Liu, Zhengqiang Li, Mingliang Ma, Di Han, Yibing Sun, Zhe Zheng, Ruijie Li, Ni-Bin Chang, and Jianping Guo
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 2425–2448, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2425-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2425-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A global gap-free high-resolution air pollutant dataset (LGHAP v2) was generated to provide spatially contiguous AOD and PM2.5 concentration maps with daily 1 km resolution from 2000 to 2021. This gap-free dataset has good data accuracies compared to ground-based AOD and PM2.5 concentration observations, which is a reliable database to advance aerosol-related studies and trigger multidisciplinary applications for environmental management, health risk assessment, and climate change analysis.
Boming Liu, Xin Ma, Jianping Guo, Renqiang Wen, Hui Li, Shikuan Jin, Yingying Ma, Xiaoran Guo, and Wei Gong
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 4047–4063, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4047-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4047-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Accurate wind profile estimation, especially for the lowest few hundred meters of the atmosphere, is of great significance for the weather, climate, and renewable energy sector. We propose a novel method that combines the power-law method with the random forest algorithm to extend wind profiles beyond the surface layer. Compared with the traditional algorithm, this method has better stability and spatial applicability and can be used to obtain the wind profiles on different land cover types.
Thara Anna Mathew, Aparnna Ravi, Dhanyalekshmi Pillai, Lekshmi Saradambal, Jithin S. Kumar, Manoj M. Gopalakrishnan, and Vishnu Thilakan
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2334, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2334, 2024
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
We evaluated transport model meteorology by comparing different simulations with surface and vertical profile observations at two stations, Cochin and Gadanki, and with global reanalysis data over India for May, 2017. The errors transferred into the CO2 mixing ratio enhancement simulations. Hence, it is a significant step to characterize errors in atmospheric transport simulations as it leads to overall improvement in geo-spatial distributions of GHG sources and sinks at the regional levels.
Jianping Guo, Jian Zhang, Jia Shao, Tianmeng Chen, Kaixu Bai, Yuping Sun, Ning Li, Jingyan Wu, Rui Li, Jian Li, Qiyun Guo, Jason B. Cohen, Panmao Zhai, Xiaofeng Xu, and Fei Hu
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1–14, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A global continental merged high-resolution (PBLH) dataset with good accuracy compared to radiosonde is generated via machine learning algorithms, covering the period from 2011 to 2021 with 3-hour and 0.25º resolution in space and time. The machine learning model takes parameters derived from the ERA5 reanalysis and GLDAS product as input, with PBLH biases between radiosonde and ERA5 as the learning targets. The merged PBLH is the sum of the predicted PBLH bias and the PBLH from ERA5.
Hui Xu, Jianping Guo, Bing Tong, Jinqiang Zhang, Tianmeng Chen, Xiaoran Guo, Jian Zhang, and Wenqing Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 15011–15038, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15011-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15011-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The radiative effect of cloud remains one of the largest uncertain factors in climate change, largely due to the lack of cloud vertical structure (CVS) observations. The study presents the first near-global CVS climatology using high-vertical-resolution soundings. Single-layer cloud mainly occurs over arid regions. As the number of cloud layers increases, clouds tend to have lower bases and thinner layer thicknesses. The occurrence frequency of cloud exhibits a pronounced seasonal diurnal cycle.
Jiyeon Park, Hyojin Kang, Yeontae Gim, Eunho Jang, Ki-Tae Park, Sangjong Park, Chang Hoon Jung, Darius Ceburnis, Colin O'Dowd, and Young Jun Yoon
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 13625–13646, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13625-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13625-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We measured the number size distribution of 2.5–300 nm particles and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) number concentrations at King Sejong Station on the Antarctic Peninsula continuously from 1 January to 31 December 2018. During the pristine and clean periods, 97 new particle formation (NPF) events were detected. For 83 of these, CCN concentrations increased by 2 %–268 % (median 44 %) following 1 to 36 h (median 8 h) after NPF events.
Jinyoung Jung, Yuzo Miyazaki, Jin Hur, Yun Kyung Lee, Mi Hae Jeon, Youngju Lee, Kyoung-Ho Cho, Hyun Young Chung, Kitae Kim, Jung-Ok Choi, Catherine Lalande, Joo-Hong Kim, Taejin Choi, Young Jun Yoon, Eun Jin Yang, and Sung-Ho Kang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 4663–4684, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4663-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4663-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study examined the summertime fluorescence properties of water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) in aerosols over the western Arctic Ocean. We found that the WSOC in fine-mode aerosols in coastal areas showed a higher polycondensation degree and aromaticity than in sea-ice-covered areas. The fluorescence properties of atmospheric WSOC in the summertime marine Arctic boundary can improve our understanding of the WSOC chemical and biological linkages at the ocean–sea-ice–atmosphere interface.
Boming Liu, Xin Ma, Jianping Guo, Hui Li, Shikuan Jin, Yingying Ma, and Wei Gong
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 3181–3193, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3181-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3181-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Wind energy is one of the most essential clean and renewable forms of energy in today’s world. However, the traditional power law method generally estimates the hub-height wind speed by assuming a constant exponent between surface and hub-height wind speeds. This inevitably leads to significant uncertainties in estimating the wind speed profile. To minimize the uncertainties, we here use a machine learning algorithm known as random forest to estimate the wind speed at hub height.
Seoung Soo Lee, Junshik Um, Won Jun Choi, Kyung-Ja Ha, Chang Hoon Jung, Jianping Guo, and Youtong Zheng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 273–286, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-273-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-273-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This paper elaborates on process-level mechanisms regarding how the interception of radiation by aerosols interacts with the surface heat fluxes and atmospheric instability in warm cumulus clouds. This paper elucidates how these mechanisms vary with the location or altitude of an aerosol layer. This elucidation indicates that the location of aerosol layers should be taken into account for parameterizations of aerosol–cloud interactions.
Seoung Soo Lee, Jinho Choi, Goun Kim, Kyung-Ja Ha, Kyong-Hwan Seo, Chang Hoon Jung, Junshik Um, Youtong Zheng, Jianping Guo, Sang-Keun Song, Yun Gon Lee, and Nobuyuki Utsumi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 9059–9081, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9059-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9059-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates how aerosols affect clouds and precipitation and how the aerosol effects vary with varying types of clouds that are characterized by cloud depth in two metropolitan areas in East Asia. As cloud depth increases, the enhancement of precipitation amount transitions to no changes in precipitation amount with increasing aerosol concentrations. This indicates that cloud depth needs to be considered for a comprehensive understanding of aerosol-cloud interactions.
Peilin Song, Yongqiang Zhang, Jianping Guo, Jiancheng Shi, Tianjie Zhao, and Bing Tong
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 2613–2637, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2613-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2613-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Soil moisture information is crucial for understanding the earth surface, but currently available satellite-based soil moisture datasets are imperfect either in their spatiotemporal resolutions or in ensuring image completeness from cloudy weather. In this study, therefore, we developed one soil moisture data product over China that has tackled most of the above problems. This data product has the potential to promote the investigation of earth hydrology and be extended to the global scale.
Stephen M. Platt, Øystein Hov, Torunn Berg, Knut Breivik, Sabine Eckhardt, Konstantinos Eleftheriadis, Nikolaos Evangeliou, Markus Fiebig, Rebecca Fisher, Georg Hansen, Hans-Christen Hansson, Jost Heintzenberg, Ove Hermansen, Dominic Heslin-Rees, Kim Holmén, Stephen Hudson, Roland Kallenborn, Radovan Krejci, Terje Krognes, Steinar Larssen, David Lowry, Cathrine Lund Myhre, Chris Lunder, Euan Nisbet, Pernilla B. Nizzetto, Ki-Tae Park, Christina A. Pedersen, Katrine Aspmo Pfaffhuber, Thomas Röckmann, Norbert Schmidbauer, Sverre Solberg, Andreas Stohl, Johan Ström, Tove Svendby, Peter Tunved, Kjersti Tørnkvist, Carina van der Veen, Stergios Vratolis, Young Jun Yoon, Karl Espen Yttri, Paul Zieger, Wenche Aas, and Kjetil Tørseth
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 3321–3369, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3321-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3321-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Here we detail the history of the Zeppelin Observatory, a unique global background site and one of only a few in the high Arctic. We present long-term time series of up to 30 years of atmospheric components and atmospheric transport phenomena. Many of these time series are important to our understanding of Arctic and global atmospheric composition change. Finally, we discuss the future of the Zeppelin Observatory and emerging areas of future research on the Arctic atmosphere.
Kaixu Bai, Ke Li, Mingliang Ma, Kaitao Li, Zhengqiang Li, Jianping Guo, Ni-Bin Chang, Zhuo Tan, and Di Han
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 907–927, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-907-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-907-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The Long-term Gap-free High-resolution Air Pollutant concentration dataset, providing gap-free aerosol optical depth (AOD) and PM2.5 and PM10 concentration with a daily 1 km resolution for 2000–2020 in China, is generated and made publicly available. This is the first long-term gap-free high-resolution aerosol dataset in China and has great potential to trigger multidisciplinary applications in Earth observations, climate change, public health, ecosystem assessment, and environment management.
Linye Song, Shangfeng Chen, Wen Chen, Jianping Guo, Conglan Cheng, and Yong Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 1669–1688, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1669-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1669-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study shows that in most years when haze pollution (HP) over the North China Plain (NCP) is more (less) serious in winter, air conditions in the following spring are also worse (better) than normal. Conversely, there are some years when HP in the following spring is opposed to that in winter. It is found that North Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies play important roles in HP evolution over the NCP. Thus North Atlantic SST is an important preceding signal for NCP HP evolution.
Tianning Su, Youtong Zheng, and Zhanqing Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 1453–1466, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1453-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1453-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
To enrich our understanding of coupling of continental clouds, we developed a novel methodology to determine cloud coupling state from a lidar and a suite of surface meteorological instruments. This method is built upon advancement in our understanding of fundamental boundary layer processes and clouds. As the first remote sensing method for determining the coupling state of low clouds over land, this methodology paves a solid ground for further investigating the coupled land–atmosphere system.
Boming Liu, Jianping Guo, Wei Gong, Yong Zhang, Lijuan Shi, Yingying Ma, Jian Li, Xiaoran Guo, Ad Stoffelen, Gerrit de Leeuw, and Xiaofeng Xu
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2022-26, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2022-26, 2022
Publication in AMT not foreseen
Short summary
Short summary
Aeolus is the first satellite mission to directly observe wind profile information on a global scale. However, Aeolus wind products over China were thus far not evaluated by in-situ comparison. This work is the comparison of wind speed on a large scale between the Aeolus, ERA5 and RS , shedding important light on the data application of Aeolus wind products.
Jianping Guo, Jian Zhang, Kun Yang, Hong Liao, Shaodong Zhang, Kaiming Huang, Yanmin Lv, Jia Shao, Tao Yu, Bing Tong, Jian Li, Tianning Su, Steve H. L. Yim, Ad Stoffelen, Panmao Zhai, and Xiaofeng Xu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 17079–17097, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17079-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17079-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The planetary boundary layer (PBL) is the lowest part of the troposphere, and boundary layer height (BLH) is the depth of the PBL and is of critical importance to the dispersion of air pollution. The study presents the first near-global BLH climatology by using high-resolution (5-10 m) radiosonde measurements. The variations in BLH exhibit large spatial and temporal dependence, with a peak at 17:00 local solar time. The most promising reanalysis product is ERA-5 in terms of modeling BLH.
Seoung Soo Lee, Kyung-Ja Ha, Manguttathil Gopalakrishnan Manoj, Mohammad Kamruzzaman, Hyungjun Kim, Nobuyuki Utsumi, Youtong Zheng, Byung-Gon Kim, Chang Hoon Jung, Junshik Um, Jianping Guo, Kyoung Ock Choi, and Go-Un Kim
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 16843–16868, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16843-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16843-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Using a modeling framework, a midlatitude stratocumulus cloud system is simulated. It is found that cloud mass in the system becomes very low due to interactions between ice and liquid particles compared to that in the absence of ice particles. It is also found that interactions between cloud mass and aerosols lead to a reduction in cloud mass in the system, and this is contrary to an aerosol-induced increase in cloud mass in the absence of ice particles.
Ifeanyichukwu C. Nduka, Chi-Yung Tam, Jianping Guo, and Steve Hung Lam Yim
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 13443–13454, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13443-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13443-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study analyzed the nature, mechanisms and drivers for hot-and-polluted episodes (HPEs) in the Pearl River Delta, China. A total of eight HPEs were identified and can be grouped into three clusters of HPEs that were respectively driven (1) by weak subsidence and convection induced by approaching tropical cyclones, (2) by calm conditions with low wind speed in the lower atmosphere and (3) by the combination of both aforementioned conditions.
Sehyun Jang, Ki-Tae Park, Kitack Lee, Young Jun Yoon, Kitae Kim, Hyun Young Chung, Eunho Jang, Silvia Becagli, Bang Yong Lee, Rita Traversi, Konstantinos Eleftheriadis, Radovan Krejci, and Ove Hermansen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 9761–9777, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-9761-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-9761-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides comprehensive datasets encompassing seasonal and interannual variations in sulfate and MSA concentration in aerosol particles in the Arctic atmosphere. As oxidation products of DMS have important roles in new particle formation and growth, we focused on factors affecting their variability and the branching ratio of DMS oxidation. We found a strong correlation between the ratio and the light condition, chemical properties of particles, and biological activities near Svalbard.
Tianmeng Chen, Zhanqing Li, Ralph A. Kahn, Chuanfeng Zhao, Daniel Rosenfeld, Jianping Guo, Wenchao Han, and Dandan Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 6199–6220, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6199-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6199-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
A convective cloud identification process is developed using geostationary satellite data from Himawari-8.
Convective cloud fraction is generally larger before noon and smaller in the afternoon under polluted conditions, but megacities and complex topography can influence the pattern.
A robust relationship between convective cloud and aerosol loading is found. This pattern varies with terrain height and is modulated by varying thermodynamic, dynamical, and humidity conditions during the day.
Jianping Guo, Boming Liu, Wei Gong, Lijuan Shi, Yong Zhang, Yingying Ma, Jian Zhang, Tianmeng Chen, Kaixu Bai, Ad Stoffelen, Gerrit de Leeuw, and Xiaofeng Xu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 2945–2958, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2945-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2945-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Vertical wind profiles are crucial to a wide range of atmospheric disciplines. Aeolus is the first satellite mission to directly observe wind profile information on a global scale. However, Aeolus wind products over China have thus far not been evaluated by in situ comparison. This work is expected to let the public and science community better know the Aeolus wind products and to encourage use of these valuable data in future research and applications.
Boming Liu, Jianping Guo, Wei Gong, Yong Zhang, Lijuan Shi, Yingying Ma, Jian Li, Xiaoran Guo, Ad Stoffelen, Gerrit de Leeuw, and Xiaofeng Xu
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-41, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-41, 2021
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
Vertical wind profiles are crucial to a wide range of atmospheric disciplines. Aeolus is the first satellite mission to directly observe wind profile information on a global scale. However, Aeolus wind products over China were thus far not evaluated by in-situ comparison. This work is expected to let the public and science community better know the Aeolus wind products and to encourage use of these valuable data in future researches and applications.
Kaixu Bai, Ke Li, Chengbo Wu, Ni-Bin Chang, and Jianping Guo
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 3067–3080, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3067-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3067-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
PM2.5 data from the national air quality monitoring network in China suffered from significant inconsistency and inhomogeneity issues. To create a coherent PM2.5 concentration dataset to advance our understanding of haze pollution and its impact on weather and climate, we homogenized this PM2.5 dataset between 2015 and 2019 after filling in the data gaps. The homogenized PM2.5 data is found to better characterize the variation of aerosol in space and time compared to the original dataset.
Haebum Lee, Kwangyul Lee, Chris Rene Lunder, Radovan Krejci, Wenche Aas, Jiyeon Park, Ki-Tae Park, Bang Yong Lee, Young Jun Yoon, and Kihong Park
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 13425–13441, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-13425-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-13425-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
New particle formation (NPF) contributes to enhance the number of particles in the ambient atmosphere, affecting local air quality and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentration. This study investigated NPF characteristics in the Arctic and showed that although formation and growth rates of nanoparticles were much lower than those in continental areas, NPF occurrence frequency was comparable and marine biogenic sources played important roles in production of condensing vapors for NPF.
Pengguo Zhao, Zhanqing Li, Hui Xiao, Fang Wu, Youtong Zheng, Maureen C. Cribb, Xiaoai Jin, and Yunjun Zhou
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 13379–13397, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-13379-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-13379-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We discussed the different aerosol effects on lightning in plateau and basin regions of Sichuan, southwestern China. In the plateau area, the aerosol concentration is low, and aerosols (via microphysical effects) inhibit the process of warm rain and stimulate convection and lightning activity. In the basin region, however, aerosols tend to show a significant radiative effect (reducing the solar radiation reaching the surface by absorbing and scattering) and inhibit the lightning.
Yang Yang, Min Chen, Xiujuan Zhao, Dan Chen, Shuiyong Fan, Jianping Guo, and Shaukat Ali
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 12527–12547, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-12527-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-12527-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This study analyzed the impacts of aerosol–radiation interaction on radiation and meteorological forecasts using the offline coupling of WRF and high-frequency updated AOD simulated by WRF-Chem. The results revealed that aerosol–radiation interaction had a positive influence on the improvement of predictive accuracy, including 2 m temperature (~ 73.9 %) and horizontal wind speed (~ 7.8 %), showing potential prospects for its application in regional numerical weather prediction in northern China.
Ruqian Miao, Qi Chen, Yan Zheng, Xi Cheng, Yele Sun, Paul I. Palmer, Manish Shrivastava, Jianping Guo, Qiang Zhang, Yuhan Liu, Zhaofeng Tan, Xuefei Ma, Shiyi Chen, Limin Zeng, Keding Lu, and Yuanhang Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 12265–12284, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-12265-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-12265-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In this study we evaluated the model performances for simulating secondary inorganic aerosol (SIA) and organic aerosol (OA) in PM2.5 in China against comprehensive datasets. The potential biases from factors related to meteorology, emission, chemistry, and atmospheric removal are systematically investigated. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of modeling PM2.5, which is important for studies on the effectiveness of emission control strategies.
Cited articles
Ackerman, A., Kirkpatrick, M. P., Stevens, D. E., and Toon, O. B.: The impact of humidity above stratiform clouds on indirect aerosol climate forcing, Science, 432, 1014–1017, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature03174, 2004.
Albrecht, B. A.: Aerosols, cloud microphysics, and fractional cloudiness, Science, 245, 1227–1230, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.245.4923.1227, 1989.
Bartosiewicz, Y. and Duponcheel, M.: Large eddy simulation: Application to liquid metal fluid flow and heat transfer, in: Thermal hydraulics aspects of liquid metal cooled nuclear reactors, edited by: Roelofs, F., 1st ed., Woodhead Publishing, Cambridge, UK, 255–278, ISBN 9780081019818, 2018.
Brown, A., Milton, S., Cullen, M., Golding, B., Mitchell, J., and Shelly, A.: Unified modeling and prediction of weather and climate: A 25-year journey, B. Am. Meteor. Soc., 93, 1865–1877, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00018.1, 2012 (data available at: https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/about-us/contact, last access:15 November 2024).
Chen, F. and Dudhia, J.: Coupling an advanced land-surface hydrology model with the Penn State-NCAR MM5 modeling system. Part I: Model description and implementation, Mon. Weather Rev., 129, 569–585, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(2001)129<0569:CAALSH>2.0.CO;2, 2001.
Choi, Y.-S., Ho, C.-H., Park, C.-E., Storelvmo, T., and Tan, I.: Influence of cloud phase composition on climate feedbacks, J. Geophys. Res., 119, 3687–3700, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JD020582, 2014.
Choi, Y.-S., Lindzen, R. S., Ho, C.-H., and Kim, J.: Space observations of cold-cloud phase change, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 107, 11211–11216, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1006241107, 2010.
Chua, X. R. and Ming, Y.: Convective invigoration traced to warm-rain microphysics, Geophys. Res. Lett, 47, e2020GL089134, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL089134, 2020.
Coopman, Q. and Tan, I.: Characterization of the spatial distribution of the thermodynamic phase within mixed-phase clouds using satellite observations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 50, e2023GL104977, https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GL104977, 2023.
D'Alessandro, J. J., McFarquhar, G. M., Wu, W., Stith, J. L., Jensen, J. B., and Rauber, R. M.: Characterizing the occurrence and spatial heterogeneity of liquid, ice, and mixed phase low-level clouds over the Southern Ocean using in situ observations acquired during SOCRATES, J. Geophys. Res., 126, e2020JD034482, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JD034482, 2021.
Dione, C., Lohou, F., Lothon, M., Adler, B., Babić, K., Kalthoff, N., Pedruzo-Bagazgoitia, X., Bezombes, Y., and Gabella, O.: Low-level stratiform clouds and dynamical features observed within the southern West African monsoon, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 8979–8997, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-8979-2019, 2019.
Donovan, D. P.: Ice-cloud effective particle size parameterization based on combined lidar, radar reflectivity, and mean Doppler velocity measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4573, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JD003469, 2003.
Donovan, D. P. and van Lammeren, A. C. A. P.: Cloud effective particle size and water content profile retrievals using combined lidar and radar observations: 1. Theory and examples, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 27425–27448, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD900243, 2001.
Donovan, D. P., van Lammeren, A. C. A. P., Hogan, R. J., Russchenberg, H. W. J., Apituley, A., Francis, P., Testud, J., Pelon, J., Quante, M., and Goddard, J. W. F.: Cloud effective particle size and water content profile retrievals using combined lidar and radar observations – 2. Comparison with IR radiometer and in situ measurements of ice clouds, J. Geophys. Res, 106, 27449–27464, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD900243, 2001.
Dudhia, J.: Nemerical study of convection observed during the winter monsoon Experiment using a mesoscale two-dimensional Model, J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 3077–3107, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1989)046<3077:NSOCOD>2.0.CO;2, 1989.
Fan, J., Rosenfeld, D., Zhang, Y., Giangrande, S. E., Li, Z., Machado, L. A. T., Martin, S. T., Yang, Y., Wang, J., and Artaxo, P.: Substantial convection and precipitation enhancements by ultrafine aerosol particles, Science, 359, 411–418, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aan8461, 2018.
Forster, P., Ramaswamy, V., Artaxo, P., Berntsen, T., Betts, R., Fahey, D. W., Haywood, J., Lean, J., Lowe, D. C., Myhre, G., Nganga, J., Prinn, R., Raga, G., Schulz, M., and van Dorland, R.: Changes in atmospheric constituents and in radiative forcing, in: Climate Change 2007: the physical science basis, edited by: Solomon, S., Qin, D., Manning, M., Chen, Z., Marquis, M., Averyt, K. B., Tignor, M., and Miller, H. L., Contribution of working group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, and New York, NY, USA, 129–234, ISBN 9780521705967, 2007.
Gettelman, A., Liu, X., Barahona, D., Lohmann, U., and Chen, C.: Climate impacts of ice nucleation, J. Geophys. Res., 117, D20201, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JD017950, 2012.
Gras, J. L.: Southern hemisphere tropospheric aerosol microphysics, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 5345–5356, https://doi.org/10.1029/89JD00429, 1991.
Hahn, C. J. and Warren, S. G.: A gridded climatology of clouds over land (1971–96) and ocean (1954–97) from surface observations worldwide, Numeric Data Package NDP-026E, ORNL/CDIAC-153, Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC), Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, TN, USA, 71 pp., https://doi.org/10.3334/CDIAC/cli.ndp026e, 2007.
Hannak, L., Knippertz, P., Fink, A. H., Kniffka, A., and Pante, G.: Why do global climate models struggle to represent low-level clouds in the West African summer monsoon?, J. Climate, 30, 1665–1687, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0451.1, 2017.
Hansen, A., Ament, F., Grützun, V., and Lammert, A.: Model evaluation by a cloud classification based on multi-sensor observations, Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss. [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2018-259, 2018.
Hartmann, D. L., Ockert-Bell, M. E., and Michelsen, M. L.: The effect of cloud type on earth's energy balance–Global analysis, J. Climate, 5, 1281–1304, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1992)005<1281:TEOCTO>2.0.CO;2, 1992.
Hartmann, M., Gong, X., Kecorius, S., van Pinxteren, M., Vogl, T., Welti, A., Wex, H., Zeppenfeld, S., Herrmann, H., Wiedensohler, A., and Stratmann, F.: Terrestrial or marine – indications towards the origin of ice-nucleating particles during melt season in the European Arctic up to 83.7° N, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 11613–11636, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11613-2021, 2021.
Hogan, R. J., Illingworth, A. J., O'Connor, E. J., Bouniol, D., Brooks, M. E., Delanoë, J., Donovan, D. P., Eastment, J. D., Gaussiat, N., Goddard, J. W. F., Haeffelin, M., Klein Baltink, H., Krasnov, O. A., Pelon, J., Piriou, J.-M., Protat, A., Russchenberg, H. W. J., Seifert, A., Tompkins, A. M., van Zadelhoff, G.-J., Vinit, F., Westbrook, C. D., Willén, U., Wilson, D. R., and Wrench, C. L.: Cloudnet: Evaluation of model clouds using ground-based observations, in: Proceedings of the ECMWF workshop on parametrization of clouds in large-scale models, 13–15 November 2006, European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), Reading, UK, 113–130, 2007 (data available at: https://cloudnet.fmi.fi/search/data, last access: 15 November 2024).
Illingworth, A. J., Hogan, R. J., O'Connor, E. J., Bouniol, D., Brooks, M. E., Delanoé, J., Donovan, D. P., Eastment, J. D., Gaussiat, N., Goddard, J. W. F., Haeffelin, M., H. Baltink, K. H., Krasnov, O. A., Pelon, J., Piriou, J.-M., Protat, A., Russchenberg, H. W. J., Seifert, A., Tompkins, A. M., van Zadelhoff, G.-J., Vinit, F., Willén, U., Wilson, D. R., and Wrench, C. L.: Cloudnet – continuous evaluation of cloud profiles in seven operational models using ground-based observations, B. Am. Meteor. Soc., 88, 883–898, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-88-6-883, 2007.
IPCC: Climate Change: The Physical Science Basis, Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, edited by: Masson-Delmotte, V., Zhai, P., Pirani, A., Connors, S. L., Péan, C., Berger, S., Caud, N., Chen, Y., Goldfarb, L., Gomis, M. I., Huang, M., Leitzell, K., Lonnoy, E., Matthews, J. B. R., Maycock, T. K., Waterfield, T., Yelekçi, O., Yu, R., and Zhou, B., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009157896, 2021.
Jaenicke, R.: Tropospheric aerosols in Aerosol-Cloud-Climate Interactions, edited by: Hobbs, P. V., Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 54, 1–31, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0074-6142(08)60210-7, 1993.
Jiang, H., Feingold, G., and Cotton, W. R: Simulations of aerosol-cloud-dynamical feedbacks resulting from entrainment of aerosol into the marine boundary layer during the Atlantic Stratocumulus Transition Experiment, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 4813, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD001502, 2002.
Jung, C. H., Yoon, Y. J., Kang, H. J., Gim, Y., Lee, B. Y., Ström, J., Krejci, R., and Tunved, P.: The seasonal characteristics of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) in the arctic lower troposphere, Tellus B, 70, 1513291, https://https://doi.org/10.1080/16000889.2018.1513291, 2018.
Khain, A., Pokrovsky, A., Rosenfeld, D., Blahak, U., and Ryzhkoy, A.: The role of CCN in precipitation and hail in a mid-latitude storm as seen in simulations using a spectral (bin) microphysics model in a 2D dynamic frame, Atmos. Res., 99, 129–146, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2010.09.015, 2011.
Khain, A. P., Ovchinnikov, M., Pinsky, M., Pokrovsky, A. and Krugliak, H.: Notes on the state-of-the-art numerical modeling of cloud microphysics, Atmos. Res., 55, 159–224, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-8095(00)00064-8, 2000.
Khain, A. P., Phillips, V., Benmoshe, N., and Pokrovsky, A.: The role of small soluble aerosols in the microphysics of deep maritime clouds, J. Atmos. Sci., 69, 2787–2807, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2010.09.015, 2012.
Knippertz, P., Fink, A. H., Schuster, R., Trentmann, J., Schrage, J. M., and Yorke, C.: Ultra-low clouds over the southern West African monsoon region, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L21808, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL049278, 2011.
Korolev, A. and Milbrandt, J.: How are mixed-phase clouds mixed?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 49, e2022GL099578, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL099578, 2022.
Kogan, Y.: A cumulus cloud microphysics parameterization for cloud-resolving models, J. Atmos. Sci., 70, 1423–1436, https://https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS-D-12-0183.1, 2013.
Koop, T., Luo, B. P., Tsias, A., and Peter, T.: Water activity as the determinant for homogeneous ice nucleation in aqueous solutions, Nature, 406, 611–614, https://doi.org/10.1038/35020537, 2000.
Lee, H. and Baik, J.-J.: A physically based autoconversion parameterization, J. Atmos. Sci., 74, 1599–1616, https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS-D-16-0207.1, 2017.
Lee S. S., Penner, J. E., and Saleeby, S. M.: Aerosol effects on liquid-water path of thin stratocumulus clouds, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D07204, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD010513, 2009.
Lee, S. S., Ha, K.-J., Manoj, M. G., Kamruzzaman, M., Kim, H., Utsumi, N., Zheng, Y., Kim, B.-G., Jung, C. H., Um, J., Guo, J., Choi, K. O., and Kim, G.-U.: Midlatitude mixed-phase stratocumulus clouds and their interactions with aerosols: how ice processes affect microphysical, dynamic, and thermodynamic development in those clouds and interactions?, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 16843–16868, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16843-2021, 2021.
Li, J., Carlson, B. E., Yung, Y. L., Lv, D., Hansen, J., Penner, J. E., Liao, H., Ramaswamy, V., Kahn, R. A., Zhang, P., Dubovik, O., Ding, A., Lacis, A. A., Zhang, L., and Dong, Y.: Scattering and absorbing aerosols in the climate system, Nat. Rev. Earth Environ., 3, 363–379, https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-022-00296-7, 2022.
Lilly, D. K.: The representation of small scale turbulence in numerical simulation experiments, Proc. Ibm Sci. Comput. Symp. Environ. Sci., 320–1951, 195–210, https://doi.org/10.5065/D62R3PMM, 1967.
Lim, K.-S. S. and Hong, S.-Y.: Development of an effective double-moment cloud microphysics scheme with prognostic cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) for weather and climate models, Mon. Weather Rev., 138, 1587–1612, https://doi.org/10.1175/2009MWR2968.1, 2010.
Liu, Y. and Daum, P. H.: Parameterization of the autoconversion. Part I: Analytical formulation of the Kessler-type parameterizations, J. Atmos. Sci., 61, 1539–1548, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(2004)061<1539:POTAPI>2.0.CO;2, 2004.
Lohmann, U. and Diehl, K.: Sensitivity studies of the importance of dust ice nuclei for theindirect aerosol effect on stratiform mixed-phase clouds, J. Atmos. Sci., 63, 968–982, https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS3662.1, 2006.
Mlawer, E. J., Taubman, S. J., Brown, P. D., Iacono, M. J., and Clough, S. A.: RRTM, a validated correlated-k model for the longwave, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 16663–1668, https://doi.org/10.1029/97JD00237,1997.
Moeng, C.-H., Sullivan, P. P., and Stevens, B.: Including radiative effects in an entrainment rate formula for buoyancy-driven PBLs, J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 1031–1049, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1999)056<1031:IREIAE>2.0.CO;2, 1999.
Möhler, O., Field, P. R., Connolly, P., Benz, S., Saathoff, H., Schnaiter, M., Wagner, R., Cotton, R., Krämer, M., Mangold, A., and Heymsfield, A. J.: Efficiency of the deposition mode ice nucleation on mineral dust particles, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 3007–3021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-3007-2006, 2006.
Morrison, H., Curry, J. A., and Khvorostyanov, V. I.: A new double-moment microphysics parameterization for application in cloud and climate models, Part I: Description, J. Atmos. Sci., 62, 1665–1677, https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS3446.1, 2005.
Morrison, H., hompson, G., and V. Tatarskii: Impact of cloud microphysics on the development of trailing stratiform precipitation in a simulated squall line: Comparison of one- and two-moment schemes, Mon. Weather Rev., 137, 991–1007, https://doi.org/10.1175/2008MWR2556.1, 2009.
Morrison, H., deBoer, G., Feingold, G., Harrington, J., Shupe, M., and Sulia, K.: Resilience of persistent Arctic mixed-phase clouds, Nat. Geosci., 5, 11–17, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1332, 2012.
Murakami, M.: Numerical modeling of the dynamical and microphysical evolution of an isolated convective cloud–The July 19 1981 CCOPE cloud, J. Meteor. Soc. Jpn., 68, 107–128, https://doi.org/10.2151/jmsj1965.68.2_107, 1990.
Ovchinnikov, M., Korolev, A., and Fan, J.: Effects of ice number concentration on dynamics of a shallow mixed-phase stratiform cloud, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D00T06, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD015888, 2011.
Possner, A., Ekman, A. M. L., and Lohmann, U.: Cloud response and feedback processes in stratiform mixed-phase clouds perturbed by ship exhaust, Geophys. Res. Lett., 44, 1964–1972, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL071358, 2017.
Pruppacher, H. R. and Klett, J. D.: Microphysics of clouds and precipitation, 1st ed., D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht, Netherlands, 714 pp., ISBN 0-7923-4211-9, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-9905-3, 1978.
Ramaswamy, V., Boucher, O., Haigh, J., Hauglustaine, D., Haywood, J., Myhre, G., Nakajima, T., Shi, G. Y., and Solomon, S.: Radiative Forcing of Climate Change, in: Climate Change 2001: The Scientific basis, Contribution of working group I to the third assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change, edited by: Houghton, J. T., Ding, Y., Griggs, D. J., Noguer, M., van der Linden, P. J., Dai, X., Maskell, K., and Johnson, C. A., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, and New York, NY, USA, 349–416, ISBN 0521807670, 2001.
Schima, J., McFarquhar, G., Romatschke, U., Vivekanandan, J., D'Alessandro, J., Haggerty, Wolff, C., Schaefer, E., Jarvinen, E., and Schnaiter, M.: Characterization of Southern Ocean boundary layer clouds using airborne radar, lidar, and in situ cloud data: Results from SOCRATES, J. Geophys. Res., 127, e2022JD037277, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JD037277, 2022.
Seinfeld, J. H. and Pandis, S. N.: Atmospheric chemistry and physics: From air pollution to climate change, 1st ed., John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY, USA, 1326 pp., ISBN 9780471178163, 1998.
Solomon, A., de Boer, G., Creamean, J. M., McComiskey, A., Shupe, M. D., Maahn, M., and Cox, C.: The relative impact of cloud condensation nuclei and ice nucleating particle concentrations on phase partitioning in Arctic mixed-phase stratocumulus clouds, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 17047–17059, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-17047-2018, 2018.
Smagorinsky, J.: General circulation experiments with the primitive equations, Mon. Weather Rev., 91, 99–164, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1963)091<0099:GCEWTP>2.3.CO;2, 1963.
Stevens, B. and Feingold, G.: Untangling aerosol effects on clouds and precipitation in a buffered system, Nature, 461, 607–613, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08281, 2009.
Stevens, B., Lenschow, D. H., Faloona, I., Moeng, C.-H., Lilly, D. K., Blomquist, B., Vali, G., Bandy, A., Campos, T., Gerber, H., Haimov, S., Morley, B., and Thornton, D.: On entrainment rates in nocturnal marine stratocumulus, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 129, 3469–3492, https://doi.org/10.1256/qj.02.202, 2003a.
Stevens, B., Lenschow, D. H., Vali, G., Gerber, H., Bandy, A., Blomquist, B., Brenguier, J.-L., Bretherton, C. S., Burnet, F., Campos, T., Chai, S., Faloona, I., Friesen, D., Haimov, S., Laursen, K., Lilly, D. K., Loehrer, S. M., Malinowski, S. P., Morley, B., Petters, M. D., Rogers, D. C., Russell, L., Savic-Jovcic, V., Snider, J. R., Straub, D., Szumowski, M. J., Takagi, H., Thornton, D. C., Tschudi, M., Twohy, C., Wetzel, M., and van Zanten, M. C.: Dynamics and chemistry of marine stratocumulus-DYCOMS-II, B. Am. Meteor. Soc., 84, 579–593, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-84-5-579, 2003b.
Stephens, G. L. and Greenwald, T. J.: Observations of the Earth's radiation budget in relation to atmospheric hydrology. Part II: Cloud effects and cloud feedback, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 15325–15340, https://doi.org/10.1029/91JD00972,1991.
Tinel, C., Testud, J., Hogan, R. J., Protat, A., Delanoe, J., and Bouniol, D.: The retrieval of ice cloud properties from cloud radar and lidar synergy, J. Appl. Meteorol., 44, 860–875, https://doi.org/10.1175/JAM2240.1, 2005.
Tsushima, Y., Emori, S., Ogura, T., Kimoto, M., Webb, M. J., Williams, K. D., Ringer, M. A., Soden, B. J., Li, B., and Andronova, N.: Importance of the mixed-phase cloud distribution in the control climate for assessing the response of clouds to carbon dioxide increase: A multi-model study, Clim. Dynam., 27, 113–126, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-006-0127-7, 2006.
Tunved, P., Ström, J., and Krejci, R.: Arctic aerosol life cycle: linking aerosol size distributions observed between 2000 and 2010 with air mass transport and precipitation at Zeppelin station, Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 3643–3660, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-3643-2013, 2013.
Twomey, S.: Pollution and the Planetary Albedo, Atmos. Environ., 8, 1251–1256, https://doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(74)90004-3, 1974.
Warren, S. G., Hahn, C. J., London, J., Chervin, R. M., and Jenne, R. L.: Global distribution of total cloud cover and cloud types over land, NCAR Tech. Note NCAR/TN-273+STR, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, 29 pp. + 200 maps, https://doi.org/10.2172/5415329 1986.
Wood, R.: Stratocumulus clouds, Mon. Weather Rev., 140, 2373–2423, https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-11-00121.1, 2012.
Xue, L., Teller, A., Rasmussen, R. M., Geresdi, I., and Pan, Z.: Effects of aerosol solubility and regeneration on warm-phase orographic clouds and precipitation simulated by a detailed bin microphysical scheme, J. Atmos. Sci., 67, 3336–3354, https://doi.org/10.1175/2010JAS3511.1, 2010.
Zhang, D., Vogelmann, A., Kollias, P., Luke, E., Yang, F., Lubin, D., and Wang, Z.: Comparison of Antarctic and Arctic single-layer stratiform mixed-phase cloud properties using ground-based remote sensing measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 124, 10186–10204, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD030673, 2019.
Zheng, Y., Zhang, H., Rosenfeld, D., Lee, S. S., Su, T., and Li, Z.: Idealized Large-Eddy Simulations of Stratocumulus Advecting over Cold Water, Part I: Boundary Layer Decoupling, J. Atmos. Sci., 78, 4089–4102, https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS-D-21-0108.1, 2021.
Download
Please read the editorial note first before accessing the article.
- Article
(4500 KB) - Full-text XML
- Companion paper
-
Supplement
(326 KB) - BibTeX
- EndNote
Short summary
This study attempts to test a general factor that explains differences in the properties of different mixed-phase clouds using a modeling tool. Although this attempt is not to identify a factor that can perfectly explain and represent the properties of different mixed-phase clouds, we believe that this attempt acts as a valuable stepping stone towards a more complete, general way of using climate models to better predict climate change.
This study attempts to test a general factor that explains differences in the properties of...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint