Articles | Volume 22, issue 9
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6291-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6291-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
16 May 2022
Research article |
| 16 May 2022
| 16 May 2022
Trends in secondary inorganic aerosol pollution in China and its responses to emission controls of precursors in wintertime
Fanlei Meng
College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant–Soil Interactions,
Ministry of Education, National Observation and Research Station of
Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural
University, Beijing 100193, China
Yibo Zhang
Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, Key Laboratory of
Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education,
College of Environment and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou,
Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China
Jiahui Kang
College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant–Soil Interactions,
Ministry of Education, National Observation and Research Station of
Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural
University, Beijing 100193, China
Mathew R. Heal
School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
Stefan Reis
UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Penicuik, EH26 0QB, United
Kingdom
School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
University of Exeter Medical School, European Centre for Environment and Human Health, Knowledge Spa, Truro, TR1 3HD United Kingdom
Mengru Wang
Water Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University &
Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
Lei Liu
College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University,
Lanzhou 730000, China
College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant–Soil Interactions,
Ministry of Education, National Observation and Research Station of
Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural
University, Beijing 100193, China
Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, Key Laboratory of
Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education,
College of Environment and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou,
Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China
Pengfei Li
College of Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University,
Baoding, Hebei 071000, China
Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, Earth System Science
Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park 20740, USA
Yong Hou
College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant–Soil Interactions,
Ministry of Education, National Observation and Research Station of
Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural
University, Beijing 100193, China
Ying Zhang
College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant–Soil Interactions,
Ministry of Education, National Observation and Research Station of
Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural
University, Beijing 100193, China
Xuejun Liu
College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant–Soil Interactions,
Ministry of Education, National Observation and Research Station of
Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural
University, Beijing 100193, China
Zhenling Cui
College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant–Soil Interactions,
Ministry of Education, National Observation and Research Station of
Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural
University, Beijing 100193, China
College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant–Soil Interactions,
Ministry of Education, National Observation and Research Station of
Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural
University, Beijing 100193, China
Fusuo Zhang
College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant–Soil Interactions,
Ministry of Education, National Observation and Research Station of
Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural
University, Beijing 100193, China
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Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by airborne particles are linked to adverse health effects, but the organic compounds responsible remain unclear. We developed a new molecular framework to classify complex organic compounds using advanced mass spectrometry. The framework shows that particles rich in oxidized organic compounds produce more ROS per unit mass, while polluted urban air produces more total ROS mainly because of higher particle concentrations.
Ruth M. Doherty, Zhenze Liu, Massimo Vieno, Oliver Wild, Fiona M. O'Connor, Steven T. Turnock, Christina M. Hood, Jenny R. Stocker, Mathew R. Heal, Dwayne E. Heard, Emma G. Sands, David J. Carruthers, and Lisa K. Whalley
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We use innovative coupled modelling to quantify how natural emissions, chemistry, deposition and transport influence climate change responses of air pollutants from continental to urban scales across Europe. We highlight uncertainties in climate-sensitive biogenic emissions as key to future projections of ozone and fine particulate matter. High resolution modelling is essential for evaluating the benefits and trade-offs of climate change for achieving WHO air quality targets and guidelines.
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We developed a new global dataset that provides daily seamless observations of XCO2 over land from 2003 to 2022. Using artificial intelligence to integrate multiple satellite missions, atmospheric reanalysis, and environmental data, we filled data gaps and ensured continuity across satellite records. The dataset captures both long-term increases in XCO2 and short-term enhancements associated with events such as wildfires, supporting carbon-emission monitoring and climate-change studies.
Zeyu Yang, Fan Cheng, Jian Gao, Huan Liu, and Jing Wei
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We developed a machine learning approach to map daily air pollution across China at high resolution, covering six major pollutants. Our results reveal how different pollutants respond differently to changes in human activity and emissions, uncovering the underlying chemical and atmospheric processes. This study provides detailed evidence of air pollution patterns and interactions, offering insights that can guide more effective strategies to protect air quality and public health.
Damaris Y. T. Tan, Mathew R. Heal, David S. Stevenson, Stefan Reis, Massimo Vieno, and Eiko Nemitz
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 3973–3993, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-3973-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-3973-2026, 2026
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Liping Guo, Shuping Shi, Ying Li, Martin Brüggemann, Mingyu Zhao, Hongyu Mu, Daniel M. Figueiredo, Junxue Wu, and Kai Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 2797–2811, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-2797-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-2797-2026, 2026
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Gas-particle partitioning is critical to govern the environmental fate of atmospheric pesticides, yet it remains poorly studied. Our work investigated atmospheric pesticides in gas and particulate phases in the North China Plain and their gas-particle partitioning mechanism. Results revealed pesticides in particulate phase were dominant. Absorption is the main mechanism of gas-particle partitioning, indicating atmospheric pesticides were absorbed into the interior organic film of particles.
Biao Luo, Lei Liu, David H. Y. Yung, Tiangang Yuan, Jingwei Zhang, Leo T. H. Ng, and Amos P. K. Tai
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 10089–10108, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-10089-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-10089-2025, 2025
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We developed a dataset of the long-term (2005–2020) variabilities of China’s nitrogen and sulfur deposition, with multiple statistical models that combine available observations and chemistry transport modeling. We demonstrated the strong impact of human activities and national pollution control actions on the spatiotemporal changes in deposition and indicated a relatively small benefit of emission abatement on deposition (and thereby ecological risk) for China compared to Europe and the USA.
Yao Ge, Massimo Vieno, David S. Stevenson, Peter Wind, and Mathew R. Heal
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 6083–6112, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6083-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6083-2023, 2023
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The sensitivity of fine particles and reactive N and S species to reductions in precursor emissions is investigated using the EMEP MSC-W (European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme Meteorological Synthesizing Centre – West) atmospheric chemistry transport model. This study reveals that the individual emissions reduction has multiple and geographically varying co-benefits and small disbenefits on different species, demonstrating the importance of prioritizing regional emissions controls.
Yuchen Wang, Xvli Guo, Yajie Huo, Mengying Li, Yuqing Pan, Shaocai Yu, Alexander Baklanov, Daniel Rosenfeld, John H. Seinfeld, and Pengfei Li
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Chuanhua Ren, Xin Huang, Tengyu Liu, Yu Song, Zhang Wen, Xuejun Liu, Aijun Ding, and Tong Zhu
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Ammonia in the atmosphere has wide impacts on the ecological environment and air quality, and its emission from soil volatilization is highly sensitive to meteorology, making it challenging to be well captured in models. We developed a dynamic emission model capable of calculating ammonia emission interactively with meteorological and soil conditions. Such a coupling of soil emission with meteorology provides a better understanding of ammonia emission and its contribution to atmospheric aerosol.
Jing Wei, Zhanqing Li, Jun Wang, Can Li, Pawan Gupta, and Maureen Cribb
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 1511–1532, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1511-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1511-2023, 2023
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This study estimated the daily seamless 10 km ambient gaseous pollutants (NO2, SO2, and CO) across China using machine learning with extensive input variables measured on monitors, satellites, and models. Our dataset yields a high data quality via cross-validation at varying spatiotemporal scales and outperforms most previous related studies, making it most helpful to future (especially short-term) air pollution and environmental health-related studies.
Mengying Li, Shaocai Yu, Xue Chen, Zhen Li, Yibo Zhang, Zhe Song, Weiping Liu, Pengfei Li, Xiaoye Zhang, Meigen Zhang, Yele Sun, Zirui Liu, Caiping Sun, Jingkun Jiang, Shuxiao Wang, Benjamin N. Murphy, Kiran Alapaty, Rohit Mathur, Daniel Rosenfeld, and John H. Seinfeld
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This study constructed an emission inventory of condensable particulate matter (CPM) in China with a focus on organic aerosols (OAs), based on collected CPM emission information. The results show that OA emissions are enhanced twofold for the years 2014 and 2017 after the inclusion of CPM in the new inventory. Sensitivity cases demonstrated the significant contributions of CPM emissions from stationary combustion and mobile sources to primary, secondary, and total OA concentrations.
Pu Liu, Jia Ding, Lei Liu, Wen Xu, and Xuejun Liu
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Yao Ge, Massimo Vieno, David S. Stevenson, Peter Wind, and Mathew R. Heal
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 8343–8368, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8343-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8343-2022, 2022
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Yun Lin, Jiwen Fan, Pengfei Li, Lai-yung Ruby Leung, Paul J. DeMott, Lexie Goldberger, Jennifer Comstock, Ying Liu, Jong-Hoon Jeong, and Jason Tomlinson
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 6749–6771, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6749-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6749-2022, 2022
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How sea spray aerosols may affect cloud and precipitation over the region by acting as ice-nucleating particles (INPs) is unknown. We explored the effects of INPs from marine aerosols on orographic cloud and precipitation for an atmospheric river event observed during the 2015 ACAPEX field campaign. The marine INPs enhance the formation of ice and snow, leading to less shallow warm clouds but more mixed-phase and deep clouds. This work suggests models need to consider the impacts of marine INPs.
Kai Wang, Yang Zhang, Shaocai Yu, David C. Wong, Jonathan Pleim, Rohit Mathur, James T. Kelly, and Michelle Bell
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 7189–7221, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-7189-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-7189-2021, 2021
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The two-way coupled WRF-CMAQ model accounting for complex chemistry–meteorology feedbacks has been applied to the long-term predictions of regional meteorology and air quality over the US. The model results show superior performance and importance of chemistry–meteorology feedbacks when compared to the offline coupled WRF and CMAQ simulations, which suggests that feedbacks should be considered along with other factors in developing future model applications to inform policy making.
Linhui Jiang, Yan Xia, Lu Wang, Xue Chen, Jianjie Ye, Tangyan Hou, Liqiang Wang, Yibo Zhang, Mengying Li, Zhen Li, Zhe Song, Yaping Jiang, Weiping Liu, Pengfei Li, Daniel Rosenfeld, John H. Seinfeld, and Shaocai Yu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 16985–17002, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16985-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16985-2021, 2021
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This paper establishes a bottom-up approach to reveal a unique pattern of urban on-road vehicle emissions at a spatial resolution 1–3 orders of magnitude higher than current inventories. The results show that the hourly average on-road vehicle emissions of CO, NOx, HC, and PM2.5 are 74 kg, 40 kg, 8 kg, and 2 kg, respectively. Integrating our traffic-monitoring-based approach with urban measurements, we could address major data gaps between urban air pollutant emissions and concentrations.
Yao Ge, Mathew R. Heal, David S. Stevenson, Peter Wind, and Massimo Vieno
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 7021–7046, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-7021-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-7021-2021, 2021
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This study reports the first evaluation of the global EMEP MSC-W ACTM driven by WRF meteorology, with a focus on surface concentrations and wet deposition of reactive N and S species. The model–measurement comparison is conducted both spatially and temporally, covering 10 monitoring networks worldwide. The statistics from the comprehensive evaluations presented in this study support the application of this model framework for global analysis of the budgets and fluxes of reactive N and SIA.
Ernesto Reyes-Villegas, Upasana Panda, Eoghan Darbyshire, James M. Cash, Rutambhara Joshi, Ben Langford, Chiara F. Di Marco, Neil J. Mullinger, Mohammed S. Alam, Leigh R. Crilley, Daniel J. Rooney, W. Joe F. Acton, Will Drysdale, Eiko Nemitz, Michael Flynn, Aristeidis Voliotis, Gordon McFiggans, Hugh Coe, James Lee, C. Nicholas Hewitt, Mathew R. Heal, Sachin S. Gunthe, Tuhin K. Mandal, Bhola R. Gurjar, Shivani, Ranu Gadi, Siddhartha Singh, Vijay Soni, and James D. Allan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 11655–11667, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11655-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11655-2021, 2021
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This paper shows the first multisite online measurements of PM1 in Delhi, India, with measurements over different seasons in Old Delhi and New Delhi in 2018. Organic aerosol (OA) source apportionment was performed using positive matrix factorisation (PMF). Traffic was the main primary aerosol source for both OAs and black carbon, seen with PMF and Aethalometer model analysis, indicating that control of primary traffic exhaust emissions would make a significant reduction to Delhi air pollution.
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Short summary
PM2.5 pollution is a pressing environmental issue threatening human health and food security globally. We combined a meta-analysis of nationwide measurements and air quality modeling to identify efficiency gains by striking a balance between controlling NH3 and acid gas emissions. Persistent secondary inorganic aerosol pollution in China is limited by acid gas emissions, while an additional control on NH3 emissions would become more important as reductions in SO2 and NOx emissions progress.
PM2.5 pollution is a pressing environmental issue threatening human health and food security...
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