Articles | Volume 18, issue 12
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-9147-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Special issue:
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-9147-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
29 Jun 2018
Research article |
| 29 Jun 2018
| 29 Jun 2018
Characteristics and mixing state of amine-containing particles at a rural site in the Pearl River Delta, China
Chunlei Cheng
Institute of Mass Spectrometer and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan
University, Guangzhou 510632, China
Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for on-line source apportionment system of air pollution,
Guangzhou 510632, China
Zuzhao Huang
Guangzhou Environmental Technology Assessment Center, Guangzhou
510045, China
Chak K. Chan
School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong
Kong, China
Yangxi Chu
School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong
Kong, China
Mei Li
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Institute of Mass Spectrometer and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan
University, Guangzhou 510632, China
Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for on-line source apportionment system of air pollution,
Guangzhou 510632, China
Tao Zhang
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Air Quality
Monitoring, Guangdong Environmental Monitoring Center, Guangzhou 510308,
China
Yubo Ou
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Air Quality
Monitoring, Guangdong Environmental Monitoring Center, Guangzhou 510308,
China
Duohong Chen
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Air Quality
Monitoring, Guangdong Environmental Monitoring Center, Guangzhou 510308,
China
Peng Cheng
Institute of Mass Spectrometer and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan
University, Guangzhou 510632, China
Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for on-line source apportionment system of air pollution,
Guangzhou 510632, China
Institute of Mass Spectrometer and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan
University, Guangzhou 510632, China
Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for on-line source apportionment system of air pollution,
Guangzhou 510632, China
Wei Gao
Institute of Mass Spectrometer and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan
University, Guangzhou 510632, China
Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for on-line source apportionment system of air pollution,
Guangzhou 510632, China
Zhengxu Huang
Institute of Mass Spectrometer and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan
University, Guangzhou 510632, China
Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for on-line source apportionment system of air pollution,
Guangzhou 510632, China
Bo Huang
Institute of Mass Spectrometer and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan
University, Guangzhou 510632, China
Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for on-line source apportionment system of air pollution,
Guangzhou 510632, China
Guangzhou Hexin Analytical Instrument Limited Company, Guangzhou
510530, China
Zhong Fu
Guangzhou Hexin Analytical Instrument Limited Company, Guangzhou
510530, China
Zhen Zhou
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Institute of Mass Spectrometer and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan
University, Guangzhou 510632, China
Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for on-line source apportionment system of air pollution,
Guangzhou 510632, China
Related authors
Zhancong Liang, Liyuan Zhou, Xinyue Li, Rosemarie Ann Infante Cuevas, Rongzhi Tang, Mei Li, Chunlei Cheng, Yangxi Chu, and Chak Keung Chan
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-838, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-838, 2022
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
Incense burning is a common religious ritual, especially in Asian and African communities, with massive particles emitted. While previous research mainly focused on the chemical compositions and potential health impacts of fresh incense particles, our work reveals that nitrate, accompanied by SOA, can rapidly form in incense-burning particles upon photochemical oxidation in the atmosphere. This finding could deepen our understanding of air pollution caused by religious activities.
Suxia Yang, Bin Yuan, Yuwen Peng, Shan Huang, Wei Chen, Weiwei Hu, Chenglei Pei, Jun Zhou, David D. Parrish, Wenjie Wang, Xianjun He, Chunlei Cheng, Xiao-Bing Li, Xiaoyun Yang, Yu Song, Haichao Wang, Jipeng Qi, Baolin Wang, Chen Wang, Chaomin Wang, Zelong Wang, Tiange Li, E Zheng, Sihang Wang, Caihong Wu, Mingfu Cai, Chenshuo Ye, Wei Song, Peng Cheng, Duohong Chen, Xinming Wang, Zhanyi Zhang, Xuemei Wang, Junyu Zheng, and Min Shao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 4539–4556, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4539-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4539-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We use a model constrained using observations to study the formation of nitrate aerosol in and downwind of a representative megacity. We found different contributions of various chemical reactions to ground-level nitrate concentrations between urban and suburban regions. We also show that controlling VOC emissions are effective for decreasing nitrate formation in both urban and regional environments, although VOCs are not direct precursors of nitrate aerosol.
Qi En Zhong, Chunlei Cheng, Zaihua Wang, Lei Li, Mei Li, Dafeng Ge, Lei Wang, Yuanyuan Li, Wei Nie, Xuguang Chi, Aijun Ding, Suxia Yang, Duohong Chen, and Zhen Zhou
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 17953–17967, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17953-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17953-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Particulate amines play important roles in new particle formation, aerosol acidity, and hygroscopicity. Most of the field observations did not distinguish the different behavior of each type amine under the same ambient influencing factors. In this study, two amine-containing single particles exhibited different mixing states and disparate enrichment of secondary organics, which provide insight into the discriminated fates of organics during the formation and evolution processes.
Lingze Meng, Ni Lu, Yixin Guo, Ziru Lan, Zhao-Cheng Zeng, Zichong Chen, Yuanhong Zhao, Zhuangmin Zhong, Tao Zhang, Duohong Chen, Xuejun Liu, Lin Zhang, and Junyu Zheng
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-4773, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-4773, 2026
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
Ammonia contributes to formation of health-damaging PM2.5 air pollution, but its emission estimations involve substantial uncertainties. Combining ground and satellite observations, a local inventory, and atmospheric modeling, we improved ammonia emissions in Guangdong, China. We found that current inventories overestimated agricultural emissions but underestimated non-agricultural emissions, especially in urban areas during the cool season, informing effective PM2.5 mitigation policy design.
Shan Huang, Lina Wu, Yi Kuang, Yuan Liu, Weiwei Hu, Ye Kuang, Wei Li, Qicong Song, Yuwen Peng, Suxia Yang, Mingfu Cai, Duohong Chen, Dingli Yue, Wei Song, Bin Yuan, Xinming Wang, and Min Shao
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-4552, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-4552, 2026
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
This study reports field measurements of particulate organonitrates in a mixed anthropogenic-biogenic subtropical atmosphere, revealing contrasting formation regimes between urban and rural sites. Daytime photochemistry and regional transport dominated urban organonitrates, while nighttime formation from anthropogenic precursors and refractory organic nitrate from biomass burning both contributed to rural organonitrates. Our findings improve understanding of organonitrate formation.
Liyuan Zhou, Zhancong Liang, Wei Xu, Ru-Jin Huang, Patrick K. H. Lee, and Chak K. Chan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 10587–10604, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-10587-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-10587-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
Indoor combustion sources are an important but still poorly understood cause of indoor particle pollution. Using chamber experiments, we studied a widely used incense-burning practice and found that it produces ultrafine-rich particles with strong oxidative activity. We also showed that the burning material, ignition charcoal, and ozone exposure affect how these particles form and change. This work highlights the important role of indoor combustion sources in shaping indoor particle pollution.
Jinwen Zhang, Yongjian Liang, Yufei Yang, Chenglei Pei, Hebiao Huang, Bo Huang, Xiufeng Lian, Yingyan Huang, Yuwen Peng, Chunlei Cheng, Cheng Wu, Zhen Zhou, and Mei Li
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-3381, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-3381, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
Separating human-related carbon dioxide emissions from vegetation exchange in cities often requires costly measurements. We developed a more accessible approach by combining tower-based carbon dioxide flux observations, satellite vegetation data, and ecological models. We found that vegetation uptake partly masked human-related emissions during the day, and gridded inventories showed possible spatial mismatches. This approach can help cities better separate carbon dioxide sources and sinks.
Wenfei Zhu, Qinghong Wang, Qingsong Wang, Jialin Shi, Yu Sun, Juntao Huo, Yi Sun, Jia Chen, Yue Zhao, Mei Li, Jun Chen, Shengrong Lou, and Hui Chen
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-2447, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-2447, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
This study examines nitrate-containing particles during winter haze in eastern China. A framework combining single-particle mass spectrometry and statistical analysis was developed to better quantify nitrate sources. Results show that nitrate is mainly found in aged particles and strongly mixed with combustion and marine emissions. Pollution episodes are driven by stagnant conditions, high humidity, nighttime reactions, and regional transport.
Xiufeng Lian, Chenglei Pei, Wei Sun, Chen Lv, Kunlun Huang, Lei Lei, Bo Huang, Chunlei Cheng, Guohua Zhang, Xinhui Bi, Zhen Zhou, and Mei Li
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-1853, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-1853, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
Fireworks release tiny particles that affect air quality. In Guangzhou, we tracked how barium particles from fireworks change in the air. Fireworks raised barium levels up to one thousand times above normal. These particles transformed through chemical reactions. Local policies cut pollution in restricted areas. Long-term health risks stay low, but short-term exposure can be much higher, which may concern children. Our findings help explain particle aging and guide air quality management.
Pingyang Li, Boji Lin, Zhineng Cheng, Jing Li, Jun Li, Duohong Chen, Tao Zhang, Run Lin, Sanyuan Zhu, Jun Liu, Yujun Lin, Shizhen Zhao, Guangcai Zhong, Zhenchuan Niu, Ping Ding, and Gan Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 5085–5122, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-5085-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-5085-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
Our study indicates fossil fuel CO2 (CO2ff) reductions in Chinese megacities via atmospheric Δ(14CO2) and δ(13CO2) measurements, driven by coal-to-gas transitions and combustion efficiency improvement. The 24-year record show steeper declined urban RCO/CO2ff ratios than inventory estimates, implying underestimation of efficiency improvements and CO reductions. Integrating top-down observations with inventories is critical to track policy-driven emission shifts and optimize co-benefit strategies.
Jinwen Zhang, Yongjian Liang, Chenglei Pei, Bo Huang, Yingyan Huang, Xiufeng Lian, Shaojie Song, Chunlei Cheng, Cheng Wu, Zhen Zhou, Junjie Li, and Mei Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 3253–3276, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-3253-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-3253-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
Inadequate characterization of carbon dioxide (CO2) dynamics limits the understanding of coastal megacity carbon cycles. Using an observation-driven framework integrating high-precision CO2/CO measurements, this study shows that the "coastal CO2 dome" can shift seasonally away from the urban core, reveals nonlinear sea–land breeze effects, quantifies urban vegetation's role in CO2 budgets, thereby providing new insights into coastal carbon monitoring and mitigation assessment.
Jun Zhou, Bin Jiang, Bowen Zhong, Tao Zhang, Duohong Chen, Yuhong Zhai, Li Zhong, Zhijiong Huang, Junqing Luo, Minhui Deng, Mao Xiao, Jianhui Jiang, Jing Li, and Min Shao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 1889–1906, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-1889-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-1889-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
We quantitatively assessed the P(O3)net simulation deficits and their impact on O3 formation sensitivity (OFS diagnosis) by comparing the measured and modelled P(O3)net. Unmeasured oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs) were the most effective compensating factor for the discrepancies in both P(O3)net and OFS. OFS exhibiting a diurnal shift dominated by the morning regime; prioritizing VOCs while co-controlling NOx is the most effective strategy for O3 pollution control in the PRD region.
Yunfeng He, Xiang Ding, Quanfu He, Yuqing Zhang, Metin Baykara, Duohong Chen, Tao Zhang, Kong Yang, Junqi Wang, Qian Cheng, Hao Jiang, Zirui Wang, Ping Liu, Xinming Wang, and Michael Boy
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 1093–1107, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-1093-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-1093-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
This study conducted long-term measurements of oxalic acid and molecular markers of primary anthropogenic emissions and secondary organic aerosols (SOA). We found that the reductions in anthropogenic precursors had limited impacts on SOA formation. The results highlight the increasing role of gas-phase oxidation under low-pollution conditions, emphasizing the need for effective ozone control strategies to mitigate SOA formation.
Xi Chen, Xiaoyang Chen, Long Wang, Shucheng Chang, Minhui Li, Chong Shen, Chenghao Liao, Yongbo Zhang, Mei Li, and Xuemei Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 879–897, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-879-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-879-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
Typhoons moving north near China create ozone pollution in Guangdong by combining strong sunlight with stagnant air. These tyhoons also push ozone-rich air from high altitudes down to ground level. When multiple north-moving typhoons occur back-to-back, they cause widespread and long-lasting ozone pollution. Vertical air currents during these events can contribute up to 16 % of boundary layer ozone.
Mingfu Cai, Bin Yuan, Weiwei Hu, Ye Chenshuo, Shan Huang, Suxia Yang, Wei Chen, Yuwen Peng, Zhaoxiong Deng, Jun Zhao, Duohong Chen, Jiaren Sun, and Min Shao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 769–788, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-769-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-769-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates how the formation and aging processes of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) influence the evolution of SOA volatility in downwind regions. Our results reveal that elevated NOₓ levels enhanced the daytime SOA volatility by modifying gas-particle partitioning, particularly through suppressing the production of low-volatility organic vapors. In contrast, photochemical aging was associated with reduced SOA volatility.
Song Liu, Xiaopu Lyu, Fumo Yang, Zongbo Shi, Xin Huang, Tengyu Liu, Hongli Wang, Mei Li, Jian Gao, Nan Chen, Guoliang Shi, Yu Zou, Chenglei Pei, Chengxu Tong, Xinyi Liu, Li Zhou, Alex B. Guenther, and Nan Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 635–646, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-635-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-635-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
We studied the invisible gas isoprene, which trees and vehicles release into the air and which can worsen urban smog. Using advanced computer learning trained on measurements from many cities, we uncovered how temperature, sunlight, and city greening shape isoprene levels. Comparing Hong Kong and London, we found climate warming boosts isoprene and future ozone pollution, but strong cuts in anthropogenic emission could limit this impact.
Weichao Huang, Sihang Wang, Peng Cheng, Bingna Chen, Bin Yuan, Pengfei Yu, Haichao Wang, Nan Ma, Mei Li, and Keding Lu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 15403–15414, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-15403-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-15403-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We studied vehicle emissions from ten 3000-meter tunnels on the Tibetan Plateau. Emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) increase with elevation due to the evaporation of fuel oil from low pressure, unlike at lower elevations where tailpipe is predominant. This suggests that specific emission control measures are needed. This research aims to understand emissions at high altitudes and to guide cleaner transport.
Yunfeng He, Xiang Ding, Quanfu He, Yuqing Zhang, Duohong Chen, Tao Zhang, Kong Yang, Junqi Wang, Qian Cheng, Hao Jiang, Zirui Wang, Ping Liu, Xinming Wang, and Michael Boy
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 13729–13745, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-13729-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-13729-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study presented field measurements of PM2.5 and its chemical composition at a regional background site in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) from 2007 to 2020. As air quality improved, secondary species became more dominant. The changes in chemical composition led to the reductions in aerosol acidity, liquid water content and light extinction coefficient. Our results help to improve understanding of the secondary species formation under decreasing anthropogenic emissions.
Xiufeng Lian, Yongjiang Xu, Fengxian Liu, Long Peng, Xiaodong Hu, Guigang Tang, Xu Dao, Hui Guo, Liwei Wang, Bo Huang, Chunlei Cheng, Lei Li, Guohua Zhang, Xinhui Bi, Xiaofei Wang, Zhen Zhou, and Mei Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 8891–8905, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-8891-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-8891-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we analyzed the mixing state and atmospheric chemical processes of Pb-rich single particles in Beijing. We focused on analyzing the differences in Pb-rich particles between the heating period and non-heating period, as well as the formation mechanism of lead nitrate after coal-to-gas conversion. Our results highlighted the improvement of Pb levels in the particulate as a result of coal-to-gas conversion.
Junhong Huang, Lei Li, Xue Li, Zhengxu Huang, and Zhi Cheng
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 2739–2749, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-2739-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-2739-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a sampling system that extends the transmission range of the five-stage lens to 10 µm. This innovative design reduces the beam incidence angle and narrows the width. Using polystyrene latex spheres, we validated the high transmission efficiency. Additionally, a standard dust test demonstrated consistency with the aerodynamic particle sizer. This study introduces a novel design framework that not only enhances transmission range and efficiency but also supports instrument miniaturization.
Ye Kuang, Biao Luo, Shan Huang, Junwen Liu, Weiwei Hu, Yuwen Peng, Duohong Chen, Dingli Yue, Wanyun Xu, Bin Yuan, and Min Shao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 3737–3752, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3737-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3737-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This research reveals the potential importance of nighttime NO3 radical chemistry and aerosol water in the rapid formation of secondary brown carbon from diluted biomass burning emissions. The findings enhance our understanding of nighttime biomass burning evolution and its implications for climate and regional air quality, especially regarding interactions with background aerosol water and water-rich fogs and clouds.
Rongzhi Tang, Jialiang Ma, Ruifeng Zhang, Weizhen Cui, Yuanyuan Qin, Yangxi Chu, Yiming Qin, Alexander L. Vogel, and Chak K. Chan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 425–439, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-425-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-425-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides laboratory evidence that the photosensitizers in biomass burning extracts can enhance sulfate formation in NaCl particles, primarily by triggering the formation of secondary oxidants under light and air conditions, with a lower contribution of direct photosensitization via triplets.
Mingfu Cai, Chenshuo Ye, Bin Yuan, Shan Huang, E Zheng, Suxia Yang, Zelong Wang, Yi Lin, Tiange Li, Weiwei Hu, Wei Chen, Qicong Song, Wei Li, Yuwen Peng, Baoling Liang, Qibin Sun, Jun Zhao, Duohong Chen, Jiaren Sun, Zhiyong Yang, and Min Shao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 13065–13079, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13065-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13065-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigated the daytime secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation in urban plumes. We observed a significant daytime SOA formation through gas–particle partitioning when the site was affected by urban plumes. A box model simulation indicated that urban pollutants (nitrogen oxide and volatile organic compounds) could enhance the oxidizing capacity, while the elevated volatile organic compounds were mainly responsible for promoting daytime SOA formation.
Liyuan Zhou, Qianyun Liu, Christian M. Salvador, Michael Le Breton, Mattias Hallquist, Jian Zhen Yu, Chak K. Chan, and Åsa M. Hallquist
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 11045–11061, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11045-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11045-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our research on city bus emissions reveals that alternative fuels (compressed natural gas and biofuels) reduce fresh particle emissions compared to diesel. However, all fuels lead to secondary air pollution. Aiming at guiding better environmental policies, we studied 76 buses using advanced emission measurement techniques. This work sheds light on the complex effects of bus fuels on urban air quality, emphasizing the need for comprehensive evaluations of future transportation technologies.
Lei Kong, Xiao Tang, Zifa Wang, Jiang Zhu, Jianjun Li, Huangjian Wu, Qizhong Wu, Huansheng Chen, Lili Zhu, Wei Wang, Bing Liu, Qian Wang, Duohong Chen, Yuepeng Pan, Jie Li, Lin Wu, and Gregory R. Carmichael
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 4351–4387, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4351-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4351-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A new long-term inversed emission inventory for Chinese air quality (CAQIEI) is developed in this study, which contains constrained monthly emissions of NOx, SO2, CO, PM2.5, PM10, and NMVOCs in China from 2013 to 2020 with a horizontal resolution of 15 km. Emissions of different air pollutants and their changes during 2013–2020 were investigated and compared with previous emission inventories, which sheds new light on the complex variations of air pollutant emissions in China.
Liangbin Wu, Cheng Wu, Tao Deng, Dui Wu, Mei Li, Yong Jie Li, and Zhen Zhou
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 2917–2936, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-2917-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-2917-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Field comparison of dual-spot (AE33) and single-spot (AE31) Aethalometers by full-year collocated measurements suggests that site-specific correction factors are needed to ensure the long-term data continuity for AE31-to-AE33 transition in black carbon monitoring networks; babs agrees well between AE33 and AE31, with slight variations by wavelength (slope: 0.87–1.04; R2: 0.95–0.97). A ~ 20 % difference in secondary brown carbon light absorption was found between AE33 and AE31.
Xubing Du, Qinhui Xie, Qing Huang, Xuan Li, Junlin Yang, Zhihui Hou, Jingjing Wang, Xue Li, Zhen Zhou, Zhengxu Huang, Wei Gao, and Lei Li
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 1037–1050, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-1037-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-1037-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Currently, the limitations of single-particle mass spectrometry detection capabilities render it not yet well suited for analyzing complex aerosol components in low-concentration environments. In this study, a new high-performance single-particle aerosol mass spectrometer (HP-SPAMS) is developed to enhance instrument performance regarding the number of detected particles, transmission efficiency, resolution, and sensitivity, which will help in aerosol science.
Kai Song, Rongzhi Tang, Jingshun Zhang, Zichao Wan, Yuan Zhang, Kun Hu, Yuanzheng Gong, Daqi Lv, Sihua Lu, Yu Tan, Ruifeng Zhang, Ang Li, Shuyuan Yan, Shichao Yan, Baoming Fan, Wenfei Zhu, Chak K. Chan, Maosheng Yao, and Song Guo
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 13585–13595, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13585-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13585-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Incense burning is common in Asia, posing threats to human health and air quality. However, less is known about its emissions and health risks. Full-volatility organic species from incense-burning smoke are detected and quantified. Intermediate-volatility volatile organic compounds (IVOCs) are crucial organics accounting for 19.2 % of the total emission factors (EFs) and 40.0 % of the secondary organic aerosol (SOA) estimation, highlighting the importance of incorporating IVOCs into SOA models.
Aodong Du, Jiaxing Sun, Hang Liu, Weiqi Xu, Wei Zhou, Yuting Zhang, Lei Li, Xubing Du, Yan Li, Xiaole Pan, Zifa Wang, and Yele Sun
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 13597–13611, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13597-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13597-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We characterized the impacts of emission controls on particle mixing state and density during the Beijing Olympic Winter Games using a SPAMS in tandem with a DMA and an AAC. OC and sulfate-containing particles increased, while those from primary emissions decreased. The effective particle densities increased and varied largely for different particles, highlighting the impacts of aging and formation processes on the changes of particle density and mixing state.
Bojiang Su, Xinhui Bi, Zhou Zhang, Yue Liang, Congbo Song, Tao Wang, Yaohao Hu, Lei Li, Zhen Zhou, Jinpei Yan, Xinming Wang, and Guohua Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 10697–10711, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10697-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10697-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
During the R/V Xuelong cruise observation over the Ross Sea, Antarctica, the mass concentrations of water-soluble Ca2+ and the mass spectra of individual calcareous particles were measured. Our results indicated that lower temperature, lower wind speed, and the presence of sea ice may facilitate Ca2+ enrichment in sea spray aerosols and highlighted the potential contribution of organically complexed calcium to calcium enrichment, which is inaccurate based solely on water-soluble Ca2+ estimation.
Zhancong Liang, Zhihao Cheng, Ruifeng Zhang, Yiming Qin, and Chak K. Chan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9585–9595, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9585-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9585-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we found that the photolysis of sodium nitrate leads to a much quicker decay of free amino acids (FAAs, with glycine as an example) in the particle phase than ammonium nitrate photolysis, which is likely due to the molecular interactions between FAAs and different nitrate salts. Since sodium nitrate likely co-exists with FAAs in the coarse-mode particles, particulate nitrate photolysis can possibly contribute to a rapid decay of FAAs and affect atmospheric nitrogen cycling.
Ruifeng Zhang and Chak Keung Chan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 6113–6126, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6113-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6113-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Research into sulfate and nitrate formation from co-uptake of NO2 and SO2, especially under irradiation, is rare. We studied the co-uptake of NO2 and SO2 by NaCl droplets under various conditions, including irradiation and dark, and RHs, using Raman spectroscopy flow cell and kinetic model simulation. Significant nitrate formation from NO2 hydrolysis can be photolyzed to generate OH radicals that can further react with chloride to produce reactive chlorine species and promote sulfate formation.
Liyuan Zhou, Zhancong Liang, Brix Raphael Go, Rosemarie Ann Infante Cuevas, Rongzhi Tang, Mei Li, Chunlei Cheng, and Chak K. Chan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 5251–5261, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5251-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5251-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study reveals the sulfate formation in photosensitized particles from biomass burning under UV and SO2, of which the relative atmospheric importance in sulfate production was qualitatively compared to nitrate photolysis. On the basis of single-particle aerosol mass spectrometry measurements, the number percentage of sulfate-containing particles and relative peak area of sulfate in single-particle spectra exhibited a descending order of 3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde > vanillin > syringaldehyde.
Brix Raphael Go, Yong Jie Li, Dan Dan Huang, Yalin Wang, and Chak K. Chan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 2859–2875, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2859-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2859-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We compared non-phenolic and phenolic methoxybenzaldehydes as photosensitizers for aqueous secondary organic aerosol (aqSOA) formation under cloud and fog conditions. We showed that the structural features of photosensitizers affect aqSOA formation. We also elucidated potential interactions between photosensitization and ammonium nitrate photolysis. Our findings are useful for evaluating the importance of photosensitized reactions on aqSOA formation, which could improve aqSOA predictive models.
Zhancong Liang, Liyuan Zhou, Xinyue Li, Rosemarie Ann Infante Cuevas, Rongzhi Tang, Mei Li, Chunlei Cheng, Yangxi Chu, and Chak Keung Chan
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-838, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-838, 2022
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
Incense burning is a common religious ritual, especially in Asian and African communities, with massive particles emitted. While previous research mainly focused on the chemical compositions and potential health impacts of fresh incense particles, our work reveals that nitrate, accompanied by SOA, can rapidly form in incense-burning particles upon photochemical oxidation in the atmosphere. This finding could deepen our understanding of air pollution caused by religious activities.
Biao Luo, Ye Kuang, Shan Huang, Qicong Song, Weiwei Hu, Wei Li, Yuwen Peng, Duohong Chen, Dingli Yue, Bin Yuan, and Min Shao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 12401–12415, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12401-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12401-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We performed comprehensive analysis on biomass burning organic aerosol (BBOA) size distributions, as well as mass scattering and absorption efficiencies, with an improved method of on-line quantification of brown carbon absorptions. Both BBOA volume size distribution and retrieved refractive index depend highly on combustion conditions represented by the black carbon content, which has significant implications for BBOA climate effect simulations.
Xiao-Bing Li, Bin Yuan, Sihang Wang, Chunlin Wang, Jing Lan, Zhijie Liu, Yongxin Song, Xianjun He, Yibo Huangfu, Chenglei Pei, Peng Cheng, Suxia Yang, Jipeng Qi, Caihong Wu, Shan Huang, Yingchang You, Ming Chang, Huadan Zheng, Wenda Yang, Xuemei Wang, and Min Shao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 10567–10587, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10567-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10567-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
High-time-resolution measurements of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were made using an online mass spectrometer at a 600 m tall tower in urban region. Compositions, temporal variations, and sources of VOCs were quantitatively investigated in this study. We find that VOC measurements in urban regions aloft could better characterize source characteristics of anthropogenic emissions. Our results could provide important implications in making future strategies for control of VOCs.
Guohua Zhang, Xiaodong Hu, Wei Sun, Yuxiang Yang, Ziyong Guo, Yuzhen Fu, Haichao Wang, Shengzhen Zhou, Lei Li, Mingjin Tang, Zongbo Shi, Duohong Chen, Xinhui Bi, and Xinming Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 9571–9582, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9571-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9571-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We show a significant enhancement of nitrate mass fraction in cloud water and relative intensity of nitrate in the cloud residual particles and highlight that hydrolysis of N2O5 serves as the critical route for the in-cloud formation of nitrate, even during the daytime. Given that N2O5 hydrolysis acts as a major sink of NOx in the atmosphere, further model updates may improve our understanding about the processes contributing to nitrate production in cloud and the cycling of odd nitrogen.
Xuan Li, Lei Li, Zeming Zhuo, Guohua Zhang, Xubing Du, Xue Li, Zhengxu Huang, Zhen Zhou, and Zhi Cheng
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-598, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-598, 2022
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
The particle size and chemical composition of bioaerosol were analyzed based on single particle aerosol mass spectrometer. Fungal aerosol of 10 μm was measured for the first time and the characteristic spectrum of bioaerosol was updated. The ion peak ratio method can distinguish bioaerosols from interferers by 97 %. The factors influencing the differentiation of bioaerosols are also discussed. Single particle mass spectrometry can be a new method for real-time identification of bioaerosols.
Mingfu Cai, Shan Huang, Baoling Liang, Qibin Sun, Li Liu, Bin Yuan, Min Shao, Weiwei Hu, Wei Chen, Qicong Song, Wei Li, Yuwen Peng, Zelong Wang, Duohong Chen, Haobo Tan, Hanbin Xu, Fei Li, Xuejiao Deng, Tao Deng, Jiaren Sun, and Jun Zhao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 8117–8136, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8117-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8117-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigated the size dependence and diurnal variation in organic aerosol hygroscopicity, volatility, and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activity. We found that the physical properties of OA could vary in a large range at different particle sizes and affected the number concentration of CCN (NCCN) at all supersaturations. Our results highlight the importance of evaluating the atmospheric evolution processes of OA at different size ranges and their impact on climate effects.
Jiaxing Sun, Yele Sun, Conghui Xie, Weiqi Xu, Chun Chen, Zhe Wang, Lei Li, Xubing Du, Fugui Huang, Yan Li, Zhijie Li, Xiaole Pan, Nan Ma, Wanyun Xu, Pingqing Fu, and Zifa Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 7619–7630, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7619-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7619-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We analyzed the chemical composition and mixing state of BC-containing particles at urban and rural sites in winter in the North China Plain and evaluated their impact on light absorption enhancement. BC was dominantly mixed with organic carbon, nitrate, and sulfate, and the mixing state evolved significantly as a function of relative humidity (RH) at both sites. The absorption enhancement depended strongly on coated secondary inorganic aerosol and was up to ~1.3–1.4 during aging processes.
Suxia Yang, Bin Yuan, Yuwen Peng, Shan Huang, Wei Chen, Weiwei Hu, Chenglei Pei, Jun Zhou, David D. Parrish, Wenjie Wang, Xianjun He, Chunlei Cheng, Xiao-Bing Li, Xiaoyun Yang, Yu Song, Haichao Wang, Jipeng Qi, Baolin Wang, Chen Wang, Chaomin Wang, Zelong Wang, Tiange Li, E Zheng, Sihang Wang, Caihong Wu, Mingfu Cai, Chenshuo Ye, Wei Song, Peng Cheng, Duohong Chen, Xinming Wang, Zhanyi Zhang, Xuemei Wang, Junyu Zheng, and Min Shao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 4539–4556, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4539-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4539-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We use a model constrained using observations to study the formation of nitrate aerosol in and downwind of a representative megacity. We found different contributions of various chemical reactions to ground-level nitrate concentrations between urban and suburban regions. We also show that controlling VOC emissions are effective for decreasing nitrate formation in both urban and regional environments, although VOCs are not direct precursors of nitrate aerosol.
Wenjie Wang, Bin Yuan, Yuwen Peng, Hang Su, Yafang Cheng, Suxia Yang, Caihong Wu, Jipeng Qi, Fengxia Bao, Yibo Huangfu, Chaomin Wang, Chenshuo Ye, Zelong Wang, Baolin Wang, Xinming Wang, Wei Song, Weiwei Hu, Peng Cheng, Manni Zhu, Junyu Zheng, and Min Shao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 4117–4128, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4117-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4117-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
From thorough measurements of numerous oxygenated volatile organic compounds, we show that their photodissociation can be important for radical production and ozone formation in the atmosphere. This effect was underestimated in previous studies, as measurements of them were lacking.
Zhancong Liang, Yangxi Chu, Masao Gen, and Chak K. Chan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 3017–3044, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3017-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3017-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The properties and fate of individual airborne particles can be significantly different, leading to distinct environmental impacts (e.g., climate and human health). While many instruments only analyze an ensemble of these particles, single-particle Raman spectroscopy enables unambiguous characterization of individual particles. This paper comprehensively reviews the applications of such a technique in studying atmospheric particles, especially for their physicochemical processing.
Shang Gao, Mona Kurppa, Chak K. Chan, and Keith Ngan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 2703–2726, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2703-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2703-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The contribution of cooking emissions to organic aerosols may exceed that of motor vehicles. However, little is known about how cooking-generated aerosols evolve in the outdoor environment. In this paper, we present a numerical study of the dispersion of cooking emissions. For plausible choices of the emission strength, cooking can yield much higher concentrations than traffic. This has important implications for public health and city planning.
Brix Raphael Go, Yan Lyu, Yan Ji, Yong Jie Li, Dan Dan Huang, Xue Li, Theodora Nah, Chun Ho Lam, and Chak K. Chan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 273–293, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-273-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-273-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Biomass burning (BB) is a global phenomenon that releases large quantities of pollutants such as phenols and aromatic carbonyls into the atmosphere. These compounds can form secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) which play an important role in the Earth’s energy budget. In this work, we demonstrated that the direct irradiation of vanillin (VL) could generate aqueous SOA (aqSOA) such as oligomers. In the presence of nitrate, VL photo-oxidation can also form nitrated compounds.
Qi En Zhong, Chunlei Cheng, Zaihua Wang, Lei Li, Mei Li, Dafeng Ge, Lei Wang, Yuanyuan Li, Wei Nie, Xuguang Chi, Aijun Ding, Suxia Yang, Duohong Chen, and Zhen Zhou
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 17953–17967, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17953-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17953-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Particulate amines play important roles in new particle formation, aerosol acidity, and hygroscopicity. Most of the field observations did not distinguish the different behavior of each type amine under the same ambient influencing factors. In this study, two amine-containing single particles exhibited different mixing states and disparate enrichment of secondary organics, which provide insight into the discriminated fates of organics during the formation and evolution processes.
Cited articles
Angelino, S., Suess, D. T., and Prather, K. A.: Formation of aerosol
particles from reactions of secondary and tertiary alkylamines:
Characterization by aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometry, Environ.
Sci. Technol., 35, 3130–3138, https://doi.org/10.1021/es0015444, 2001.
Berndt, T., Stratmann, F., Sipilä, M., Vanhanen, J., Petäjä, T.,
Mikkilä, J., Grüner, A., Spindler, G., Lee Mauldin III, R., Curtius, J.,
Kulmala, M., and Heintzenberg, J.: Laboratory study on new particle formation
from the reaction OH + SO2: influence of experimental conditions,
H2O vapour, NH3 and the amine tert-butylamine on the overall
process, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 7101–7116,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-7101-2010, 2010.
Bzdek, B. R., Ridge, D. P., and Johnston, M. V.: Amine exchange into ammonium
bisulfate and ammonium nitrate nuclei, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 3495–3503,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-3495-2010, 2010.
Cadle, S. H. and Mulawa, P. A.: Low-molecular-weight aliphatic amines in
exhaust from catalyst-equipped cars, Environ. Sci. Technol., 14, 718–723,
1980.
Calderon, S. M., Poor, N. D., and Campbell, S. W.: Estimation of the
particle and gas scavenging contributions to wet deposition of organic
nitrogen, Atmos. Environ., 41, 4281–4290,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.06.067, 2007.
Chan, L. P. and Chan, C. K.: Role of the Aerosol Phase State in
Ammonia/Amines Exchange Reactions, Environ. Sci. Technol., 47, 5755–5762,
https://doi.org/10.1021/es4004685, 2013.
Cheng, Y., Zheng, G., Wei, C., Mu, Q., Zheng, B., Wang, Z., Gao, M., Zhang,
Q., He, K., Carmichael, G., Pöschl, U., and Su, H.: Reactive nitrogen
chemistry in aerosol water as a source of sulfate during haze events in
China, Science Advances, 2, e1601530, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1601530, 2016.
Cheng, C., Li, M., Chan, C. K., Tong, H., Chen, C., Chen, D., Wu, D., Li, L.,
Wu, C., Cheng, P., Gao, W., Huang, Z., Li, X., Zhang, Z., Fu, Z., Bi, Y., and
Zhou, Z.: Mixing state of oxalic acid containing particles in the rural area
of Pearl River Delta, China: implications for the formation mechanism of
oxalic acid, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 9519–9533,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-9519-2017, 2017.
Chu, Y. and Chan, C. K.: Reactive Uptake of Dimethylamine by Ammonium
Sulfate and Ammonium Sulfate–Sucrose Mixed Particles, J. Phys. Chem. A, 121,
206–215, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpca.6b10692, 2016.
Chu, Y. and Chan, C. K.: Role of oleic acid coating in the heterogeneous
uptake of dimethylamine by ammonium sulfate particles, Aerosol Sci. Tech.,
51, 988–997, https://doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2017.1323072, 2017.
Chu, Y. X., Sauerwein, M., and Chan, C. K.: Hygroscopic and phase transition
properties of alkyl aminium sulfates at low relative humidities, Phys. Chem.
Chem. Phys., 17, 19789–19796, https://doi.org/10.1039/c5cp02404h, 2015.
Day, D. A., Takahama, S., Gilardoni, S., and Russell, L. M.: Organic
composition of single and submicron particles in different regions of western
North America and the eastern Pacific during INTEX-B 2006, Atmos. Chem.
Phys., 9, 5433–5446, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-5433-2009, 2009.
Denkenberger, K. A., Moffet, R. C., Holecek, J. C., Rebotier, T. P., and
Prather, K. A.: Real-time, single-particle measurements of oligomers in aged
ambient aerosol particles, Environ. Sci. Technol., 41, 5439–5446,
https://doi.org/10.1021/es070329l, 2007.
Facchini, M. C., Decesari, S., Rinaldi, M., Carbone, C., Finessi, E.,
Mircea, M., Fuzzi, S., Moretti, F., Tagliavini, E., Ceburnis, D., and O'Dowd,
C. D.: Important Source of Marine Secondary Organic Aerosol from Biogenic
Amines, Environ. Sci. Technol., 42, 9116–9121, https://doi.org/10.1021/es8018385, 2008.
Gaston, C. J., Furutani, H., Guazzotti, S. A., Coffee, K. R., Bates, T. S.,
Quinn, P. K., Aluwihare, L. I., Mitchell, B. G., and Prather, K. A.: Unique
ocean derived particles serve as a proxy for changes in ocean chemistry, J.
Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 116, D18310, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD015289, 2011.
Gaston, C. J., Quinn, P. K., Bates, T. S., Gilman, J. B., Bon, D. M.,
Kuster, W. C., and Prather, K. A.: The impact of shipping, agricultural, and
urban emissions on single particle chemistry observed aboard the R/V
Atlantis during CalNex, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 118, 5003–5017,
https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50427, 2013.
Ge, X. L., Wexler, A. S., and Clegg, S. L.: Atmospheric amines – Part I. A
review, Atmos. Environ., 45, 524–546, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.10.012,
2011a.
Ge, X. L., Wexler, A. S., and Clegg, S. L.: Atmospheric amines – Part II.
Thermodynamic properties and gas/particle partitioning, Atmos. Environ., 45,
561–577, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.10.013, 2011b.
Gilardoni, S., Liu, S., Takahama, S., Russell, L. M., Allan, J. D.,
Steinbrecher, R., Jimenez, J. L., De Carlo, P. F., Dunlea, E. J., and
Baumgardner, D.: Characterization of organic ambient aerosol during MIRAGE
2006 on three platforms, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 5417–5432,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-5417-2009, 2009.
Glagolenko, S. and Phares, D. J.: Single-particle analysis of ultrafine
aerosol in College Station, Texas, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 109, D18205,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2004jd004621, 2004.
Gross, D. S., Galli, M. E., Silva, P. J., and Prather, K. A.: Relative
sensitivity factors for alkali metal and ammonium cations in single particle
aerosol time-of-flight mass spectra, Anal. Chem., 72, 416–422,
https://doi.org/10.1021/Ac990434g, 2000.
Guazzotti, S. A., Whiteaker, J. R., Suess, D., Coffee, K. R., and Prather,
K. A.: Real-time measurements of the chemical composition of size-resolved
particles during a Santa Ana wind episode, California USA, Atmos. Environ.,
35, 3229–3240, 2001.
Healy, R. M., Sciare, J., Poulain, L., Kamili, K., Merkel, M., Müller, T.,
Wiedensohler, A., Eckhardt, S., Stohl, A., Sarda-Estève, R., McGillicuddy,
E., O'Connor, I. P., Sodeau, J. R., and Wenger, J. C.: Sources and mixing
state of size-resolved elemental carbon particles in a European megacity:
Paris, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 1681–1700,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-1681-2012, 2012.
Healy, R. M., Evans, G. J., Murphy, M., Sierau, B., Arndt, J., McGillicuddy,
E., O'Connor, I. P., Sodeau, J. R., and Wenger, J. C.: Single-particle
speciation of alkylamines in ambient aerosol at five European sites, Anal.
Bioanal. Chem., 407, 5899–5909, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-014-8092-1, 2015.
Huang, Y., Chen, H., Wang, L., Yang, X., and Chen, J.: Single particle
analysis of amines in ambient aerosol in Shanghai, Environ. Chem., 9,
202–210, https://doi.org/10.1071/EN11145, 2012.
Huang, Y., Li, L., Li, J., Wang, X., Chen, H., Chen, J., Yang, X., Gross, D.
S., Wang, H., Qiao, L., and Chen, C.: A case study of the highly
time-resolved evolution of aerosol chemical and optical properties in urban
Shanghai, China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 3931–3944,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-3931-2013, 2013.
Jeong, C.-H., McGuire, M. L., Godri, K. J., Slowik, J. G., Rehbein, P. J. G.,
and Evans, G. J.: Quantification of aerosol chemical composition using
continuous single particle measurements, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 7027–7044,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-7027-2011, 2011.
Kurtén, T., Loukonen, V., Vehkamäki, H., and Kulmala, M.: Amines are
likely to enhance neutral and ion-induced sulfuric acid-water nucleation in
the atmosphere more effectively than ammonia, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8,
4095–4103, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-4095-2008, 2008.
Lee, D. and Wexler, A. S.: Atmospheric amines – Part III: Photochemistry
and toxicity, Atmos. Environ., 71, 95–103,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.01.058, 2013.
Li, L., Huang, Z. X., Dong, J. G., Li, M., Gao, W., Nian, H. Q., Fu, Z.,
Zhang, G. H., Bi, X. H., Cheng, P., and Zhou, Z.: Real time bipolar
time-of-flight mass spectrometer for analyzing single aerosol particles, Int.
J. Mass. Spectrom., 303, 118–124, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijms.2011.01.017, 2011.
Liu, S., Takahama, S., Russell, L. M., Gilardoni, S., and Baumgardner, D.:
Oxygenated organic functional groups and their sources in single and
submicron organic particles in MILAGRO 2006 campaign, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9,
6849-6863, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-6849-2009, 2009.
Liu, Y., Han, C., Liu, C., Ma, J., Ma, Q., and He, H.: Differences in the
reactivity of ammonium salts with methylamine, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12,
4855–4865, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-4855-2012, 2012.
Lloyd, J. A., Heaton, K. J., and Johnston, M. V.: Reactive uptake of
trimethylamine into ammonium nitrate particles, J. Phys. Chem. A, 113,
4840–4843, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp900634d, 2009.
Malloy, Q. G. J., Li Qi, Warren, B., Cocker III, D. R., Erupe, M. E., and
Silva, P. J.: Secondary organic aerosol formation from primary aliphatic
amines with NO3 radical, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 2051–2060,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-2051-2009, 2009.
Moffet, R. C., de Foy, B., Molina, L. T., Molina, M. J., and Prather, K. A.:
Measurement of ambient aerosols in northern Mexico City by single particle
mass spectrometry, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 4499–4516,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-4499-2008, 2008.
Murphy, S. M., Sorooshian, A., Kroll, J. H., Ng, N. L., Chhabra, P., Tong,
C., Surratt, J. D., Knipping, E., Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J. H.:
Secondary aerosol formation from atmospheric reactions of aliphatic amines,
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 2313–2337, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-2313-2007,
2007.
Ngwabie, N. M., Schade, G. W., Custer, T. G., Linke, S., and Hinz, T.:
Volatile organic compound emission and other trace gases from selected animal
buildings, Landbauforsch. Volk, 57, 273–284, 2007.
Noble, C. A. and Prather, K. A.: Real-time measurement of correlated size
and composition profiles of individual atmospheric aerosol particles,
Environ. Sci. Technol., 30, 2667–2680, 1996.
Phares, D. J., Rhoads, K. P., Johnston, M. V., and Wexler, A. S.:
Size-resolved ultrafine particle composition analysis – 2. Houston, J.
Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 108, 8420, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001jd001212, 2003.
Place, P. F., Ziemba, L. D., and Griffin, R. J.: Observations of
nucleation-mode particle events and size distributions at a rural New England
site, Atmos. Environ., 44, 88–94, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.09.030, 2010.
Prather, K. A., Nordmeyer, T., and Salt, K.: Real-time characterization of
individual aerosol particles using time-of-flight mass spectrometry, Anal.
Chem., 66, 1403–1407, 1994.
Pratt, K. A. and Prather, K. A.: Mass spectrometry of atmospheric
aerosols – Recent developments and applications. Part II: On-line mass
spectrometry techniques, Mass. Spectrom. Rev., 31, 17–48, 2012.
Pratt, K. A., Hatch, L. E., and Prather, K. A.: Seasonal Volatility
Dependence of Ambient Particle Phase Amines, Environ. Sci. Technol., 43,
5276–5281, https://doi.org/10.1021/es803189n, 2009.
Qin, X. Y., Pratt, K. A., Shields, L. G., Toner, S. M., and Prather, K. A.:
Seasonal comparisons of single-particle chemical mixing state in Riverside,
CA, Atmos. Environ., 59, 587–596, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.05.032, 2012.
Qiu, C., Wang, L., Lal, V., Khalizov, A. F., and Zhang, R.: Heterogeneous
reactions of alkylamines with ammonium sulfate and ammonium bisulfate,
Environ. Sci. Technol., 45, 4748–4755, 2011.
Rappert, S. and Muller, R.: Odor compounds in waste gas emissions from
agricultural operations and food industries, Waste Manage., 25, 887–907,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2005.07.008, 2005.
Rehbein, P. J. G., Jeong, C. H., McGuire, M. L., Yao, X. H., Corbin, J. C.,
and Evans, G. J.: Cloud and Fog Processing Enhanced Gas-to-Particle
Partitioning of Trimethylamine, Environ. Sci. Technol., 45, 4346–4352,
https://doi.org/10.1021/es1042113, 2011.
Rogge, W. F., Hildemann, L. M., Mazurek, M. A., and Cass, G. R.: Sources of
Fine Organic Aerosol .6. Cigarette-Smoke in the Urban Atmosphere, Environ.
Sci. Technol., 28, 1375–1388, https://doi.org/10.1021/Es00056a030, 1994.
Russell, L. M., Takahama, S., Liu, S., Hawkins, L. N., Covert, D. S., Quinn,
P. K., and Bates, T. S.: Oxygenated fraction and mass of organic aerosol from
direct emission and atmospheric processing measured on the R/V Ronald Brown during TEXAQS/GoMACCS 2006, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 114, D00F05,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2008jd011275, 2009.
Sauerwein, M. and Chan, C. K.: Heterogeneous uptake of ammonia and
dimethylamine into sulfuric and oxalic acid particles, Atmos. Chem. Phys.,
17, 6323–6339, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-6323-2017, 2017.
Sauerwein, M., Clegg, S. L., and Chan, C. K.: Water Activities and Osmotic
Coefficients of Aqueous Solutions of Five Alkylaminium Sulfates and Their
Mixtures with H2SO4 at 25 ∘C, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 49,
566–579, https://doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2015.1043045, 2015.
Silva, P. J., Erupe, M. E., Price, D., Elias, J., Malloy, Q. G. J., Li, Q.,
Warren, B., and Cocker, D. R.: Trimethylamine as precursor to secondary
organic aerosol formation via nitrate radical reaction in the atmosphere,
Environ. Sci. Technol., 42, 4689–4696, https://doi.org/10.1021/Es703016v, 2008.
Sorooshian, A., Ng, N. L., Chan, A. W. H., Feingold, G., Flagan, R. C., and
Seinfeld, J. H.: Particulate organic acids and overall water-soluble aerosol
composition measurements from the 2006 Gulf of Mexico Atmospheric Composition
and Climate Study (GoMACCS), J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 112, D13201,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2007jd008537, 2007.
Sorooshian, A., Murphy, S. M., Hersey, S., Gates, H., Padro, L. T., Nenes,
A., Brechtel, F. J., Jonsson, H., Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J. H.:
Comprehensive airborne characterization of aerosol from a major bovine
source, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 5489–5520,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-5489-2008, 2008.
Wang, G., Zhang, R., Gomez, M. E., Yang, L., Levy Zamora, M., Hu, M., Lin,
Y., Peng, J., Guo, S., Meng, J., Li, J., Cheng, C., Hu, T., Ren, Y., Wang,
Y., Gao, J., Cao, J., An, Z., Zhou, W., Li, G., Wang, J., Tian, P.,
Marrero-Ortiz, W., Secrest, J., Du, Z., Zheng, J., Shang, D., Zeng, L., Shao,
M., Wang, W., Huang, Y., Wang, Y., Zhu, Y., Li, Y., Hu, J., Pan, B., Cai, L.,
Cheng, Y., Ji, Y., Zhang, F., Rosenfeld, D., Liss, P. S., Duce, R. A., Kolb,
C. E., and Molina, M. J.: Persistent sulfate formation from London Fog to
Chinese haze, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 113, 13630–13635,
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1616540113, 2016.
Wang, L., Khalizov, A. F., Zheng, J., Xu, W., Ma, Y., Lal, V., and Zhang, R.
Y.: Atmospheric nanoparticles formed from heterogeneous reactions of
organics, Nat. Geosci., 3, 238–242, https://doi.org/10.1038/NGEO778, 2010.
Wang, Y. Q.: MeteoInfo: GIS software for meteorological data visualization
and analysis, Meteorol. Appl., 21, 360–368, https://doi.org/10.1002/met.1345, 2014.
Williams, B. J., Goldstein, A. H., Kreisberg, N. M., Hering, S. V., Worsnop,
D. R., Ulbrich, I. M., Docherty, K. S., and Jimenez, J. L.: Major components
of atmospheric organic aerosol in southern California as determined by hourly
measurements of source marker compounds, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10,
11577–11603, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-11577-2010, 2010.
Wu, C. and Yu, J. Z.: Evaluation of linear regression techniques for
atmospheric applications: the importance of appropriate weighting, Atmos.
Meas. Tech., 11, 1233–1250, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-1233-2018, 2018.
Wu, C., Wu, D., and Yu, J. Z.: Quantifying black carbon light absorption
enhancement with a novel statistical approach, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18,
289–309, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-289-2018, 2018.
Zauscher, M. D., Wang, Y., Moore, M. J. K., Gaston, C. J., and Prather, K.
A.: Air Quality Impact and Physicochemical Aging of Biomass Burning Aerosols
during the 2007 San Diego Wildfires, Environ. Sci. Technol., 47, 7633–7643,
https://doi.org/10.1021/es4004137, 2013.
Zhang, G., Bi, X., Chan, L. Y., Li, L., Wang, X., Feng, J., Sheng, G., Fu,
J., Li, M., and Zhou, Z.: Enhanced trimethylamine-containing particles during
fog events detected by single particle aerosol mass spectrometry in urban
Guangzhou, China, Atmos. Environ., 55, 121–126, 2012.
Short summary
Particulate amines play an important role for the particle acidity and hygroscopicity. We found amines were internally mixed with sulfate and nitrate at a rural site in the PRD, China, suggesting the formation of aminium sulfate and nitrate salts. The ammonium-poor state of amine particles in summer was associated with the low emission sources of ammonia and a possible contribution of ammonium–amine exchange reactions. Amines could be a buffer for the particle acidity of ammonium-poor particles.
Particulate amines play an important role for the particle acidity and hygroscopicity. We found...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint