Articles | Volume 24, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2971-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2971-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
07 Mar 2024
Research article |
| 07 Mar 2024
| 07 Mar 2024
Water activity and surface tension of aqueous ammonium sulfate and D-glucose aerosol nanoparticles
Eugene F. Mikhailov
Department of Atmospheric Physics, Saint Petersburg State University, St Petersburg, 199034, Russia
Sergey S. Vlasenko
Department of Atmospheric Physics, Saint Petersburg State University, St Petersburg, 199034, Russia
Atmospheric Aerosol Research Department, Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
Related authors
Hanna K. Lappalainen, Tuukka Petäjä, Timo Vihma, Jouni Räisänen, Alexander Baklanov, Sergey Chalov, Igor Esau, Ekaterina Ezhova, Matti Leppäranta, Dmitry Pozdnyakov, Jukka Pumpanen, Meinrat O. Andreae, Mikhail Arshinov, Eija Asmi, Jianhui Bai, Igor Bashmachnikov, Boris Belan, Federico Bianchi, Boris Biskaborn, Michael Boy, Jaana Bäck, Bin Cheng, Natalia Chubarova, Jonathan Duplissy, Egor Dyukarev, Konstantinos Eleftheriadis, Martin Forsius, Martin Heimann, Sirkku Juhola, Vladimir Konovalov, Igor Konovalov, Pavel Konstantinov, Kajar Köster, Elena Lapshina, Anna Lintunen, Alexander Mahura, Risto Makkonen, Svetlana Malkhazova, Ivan Mammarella, Stefano Mammola, Stephany Buenrostro Mazon, Outi Meinander, Eugene Mikhailov, Victoria Miles, Stanislav Myslenkov, Dmitry Orlov, Jean-Daniel Paris, Roberta Pirazzini, Olga Popovicheva, Jouni Pulliainen, Kimmo Rautiainen, Torsten Sachs, Vladimir Shevchenko, Andrey Skorokhod, Andreas Stohl, Elli Suhonen, Erik S. Thomson, Marina Tsidilina, Veli-Pekka Tynkkynen, Petteri Uotila, Aki Virkkula, Nadezhda Voropay, Tobias Wolf, Sayaka Yasunaka, Jiahua Zhang, Yubao Qiu, Aijun Ding, Huadong Guo, Valery Bondur, Nikolay Kasimov, Sergej Zilitinkevich, Veli-Matti Kerminen, and Markku Kulmala
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 4413–4469, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4413-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4413-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We summarize results during the last 5 years in the northern Eurasian region, especially from Russia, and introduce recent observations of the air quality in the urban environments in China. Although the scientific knowledge in these regions has increased, there are still gaps in our understanding of large-scale climate–Earth surface interactions and feedbacks. This arises from limitations in research infrastructures and integrative data analyses, hindering a comprehensive system analysis.
Eugene F. Mikhailov, Mira L. Pöhlker, Kathrin Reinmuth-Selzle, Sergey S. Vlasenko, Ovid O. Krüger, Janine Fröhlich-Nowoisky, Christopher Pöhlker, Olga A. Ivanova, Alexey A. Kiselev, Leslie A. Kremper, and Ulrich Pöschl
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 6999–7022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6999-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6999-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Subpollen particles are a relatively new subset of atmospheric aerosol particles. When pollen grains rupture, they release cytoplasmic fragments known as subpollen particles (SPPs). We found that SPPs, containing a broad spectrum of biopolymers and hydrocarbons, exhibit abnormally high water uptake. This effect may influence the life cycle of SPPs and the related direct and indirect impacts on radiation budget as well as reinforce their allergic potential.
Maria V. Makarova, Carlos Alberti, Dmitry V. Ionov, Frank Hase, Stefani C. Foka, Thomas Blumenstock, Thorsten Warneke, Yana A. Virolainen, Vladimir S. Kostsov, Matthias Frey, Anatoly V. Poberovskii, Yuri M. Timofeyev, Nina N. Paramonova, Kristina A. Volkova, Nikita A. Zaitsev, Egor Y. Biryukov, Sergey I. Osipov, Boris K. Makarov, Alexander V. Polyakov, Viktor M. Ivakhov, Hamud Kh. Imhasin, and Eugene F. Mikhailov
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 1047–1073, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-1047-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-1047-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Fundamental understanding of the major processes driving climate change is a key problem which is to be solved, not only on a global but also on a regional scale. The Emission Monitoring Mobile Experiment (EMME) carried out in 2019 with two portable Bruker EM27/SUN spectrometers as core instruments provided new information on the emissions of greenhouse (CO2, CH4) and reactive (CO, NOx) gases from St. Petersburg (Russia), which is the largest northern megacity with a population of 5 million.
Sebastian Vergara-Palacio, Alexei Kiselev, Franziska Vogel, Adolfo González-Romero, Romy Fösig, Xavier Querol, Corinna Hoose, Ottmar Möhler, Konrad Kandler, Carlos Pérez García-Pando, and Martina Klose
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-6240, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-6240, 2026
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
Atmospheric mineral dust can help clouds form ice, changing cloud properties and affecting weather and climate. We tested dust from Morocco and Iceland in more than 300 controlled laboratory experiments. Icelandic samples were up to 100 times less able to promote ice formation than Moroccan samples, and showed mineral-composition dependence. The results show the role of larger dust particles in ice nucleation and their relationship with mineralogy and size for low- and high-latitude sources.
Johanna S. Seidel, Alexei A. Kiselev, Alice Keinert, Frank Stratmann, Thomas Leisner, and Susan Hartmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 5247–5263, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5247-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5247-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Clouds often contain several thousand times more ice crystals than aerosol particles catalyzing ice formation. This phenomenon, commonly known as ice multiplication, is often explained by secondary ice formation due to the collisions between falling ice particles and droplets. In this study, we mimic this riming process. Contrary to earlier experiments, we found no efficient ice multiplication, which fundamentally questions the importance of the rime-splintering mechanism.
Mohit Singh, Stephanie Helen Jones, Alexei Kiselev, Denis Duft, and Thomas Leisner
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 5205–5215, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-5205-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-5205-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We introduce a novel method for simultaneous measurement of the viscosity and surface tension of metastable liquids. Our approach is based on the phase analysis of excited shape oscillations in levitated droplets. It is applicable to a wide range of atmospheric conditions and can monitor changes in real time. The technique holds great promise for investigating the effect of atmospheric processing on the viscosity and surface tension of solution droplets in equilibrium with water vapour.
Hanna K. Lappalainen, Tuukka Petäjä, Timo Vihma, Jouni Räisänen, Alexander Baklanov, Sergey Chalov, Igor Esau, Ekaterina Ezhova, Matti Leppäranta, Dmitry Pozdnyakov, Jukka Pumpanen, Meinrat O. Andreae, Mikhail Arshinov, Eija Asmi, Jianhui Bai, Igor Bashmachnikov, Boris Belan, Federico Bianchi, Boris Biskaborn, Michael Boy, Jaana Bäck, Bin Cheng, Natalia Chubarova, Jonathan Duplissy, Egor Dyukarev, Konstantinos Eleftheriadis, Martin Forsius, Martin Heimann, Sirkku Juhola, Vladimir Konovalov, Igor Konovalov, Pavel Konstantinov, Kajar Köster, Elena Lapshina, Anna Lintunen, Alexander Mahura, Risto Makkonen, Svetlana Malkhazova, Ivan Mammarella, Stefano Mammola, Stephany Buenrostro Mazon, Outi Meinander, Eugene Mikhailov, Victoria Miles, Stanislav Myslenkov, Dmitry Orlov, Jean-Daniel Paris, Roberta Pirazzini, Olga Popovicheva, Jouni Pulliainen, Kimmo Rautiainen, Torsten Sachs, Vladimir Shevchenko, Andrey Skorokhod, Andreas Stohl, Elli Suhonen, Erik S. Thomson, Marina Tsidilina, Veli-Pekka Tynkkynen, Petteri Uotila, Aki Virkkula, Nadezhda Voropay, Tobias Wolf, Sayaka Yasunaka, Jiahua Zhang, Yubao Qiu, Aijun Ding, Huadong Guo, Valery Bondur, Nikolay Kasimov, Sergej Zilitinkevich, Veli-Matti Kerminen, and Markku Kulmala
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 4413–4469, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4413-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4413-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We summarize results during the last 5 years in the northern Eurasian region, especially from Russia, and introduce recent observations of the air quality in the urban environments in China. Although the scientific knowledge in these regions has increased, there are still gaps in our understanding of large-scale climate–Earth surface interactions and feedbacks. This arises from limitations in research infrastructures and integrative data analyses, hindering a comprehensive system analysis.
Alexei A. Kiselev, Alice Keinert, Tilia Gaedeke, Thomas Leisner, Christoph Sutter, Elena Petrishcheva, and Rainer Abart
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 11801–11814, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11801-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11801-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Alkali feldspar is the most abundant mineral in the Earth's crust and is often present in mineral dust aerosols that are responsible for the formation of rain and snow in clouds. However, the cloud droplets containing pure potassium-rich feldspar would not freeze unless cooled down to a very low temperature. Here we show that partly replacing potassium with sodium would induce fracturing of feldspar, exposing a crystalline surface that could initiate freezing at higher temperature.
Eugene F. Mikhailov, Mira L. Pöhlker, Kathrin Reinmuth-Selzle, Sergey S. Vlasenko, Ovid O. Krüger, Janine Fröhlich-Nowoisky, Christopher Pöhlker, Olga A. Ivanova, Alexey A. Kiselev, Leslie A. Kremper, and Ulrich Pöschl
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 6999–7022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6999-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6999-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Subpollen particles are a relatively new subset of atmospheric aerosol particles. When pollen grains rupture, they release cytoplasmic fragments known as subpollen particles (SPPs). We found that SPPs, containing a broad spectrum of biopolymers and hydrocarbons, exhibit abnormally high water uptake. This effect may influence the life cycle of SPPs and the related direct and indirect impacts on radiation budget as well as reinforce their allergic potential.
Robert Wagner, Baptiste Testa, Michael Höpfner, Alexei Kiselev, Ottmar Möhler, Harald Saathoff, Jörn Ungermann, and Thomas Leisner
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 1977–1991, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-1977-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-1977-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
During the Asian summer monsoon period, air pollutants are transported from layers near the ground to high altitudes of 13 to 18 km in the atmosphere. Infrared measurements have shown that particles composed of solid ammonium nitrate are a major part of these pollutants. To enable the quantitative analysis of the infrared spectra, we have determined for the first time accurate optical constants of ammonium nitrate for the low-temperature conditions of the upper atmosphere.
Maria V. Makarova, Carlos Alberti, Dmitry V. Ionov, Frank Hase, Stefani C. Foka, Thomas Blumenstock, Thorsten Warneke, Yana A. Virolainen, Vladimir S. Kostsov, Matthias Frey, Anatoly V. Poberovskii, Yuri M. Timofeyev, Nina N. Paramonova, Kristina A. Volkova, Nikita A. Zaitsev, Egor Y. Biryukov, Sergey I. Osipov, Boris K. Makarov, Alexander V. Polyakov, Viktor M. Ivakhov, Hamud Kh. Imhasin, and Eugene F. Mikhailov
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 1047–1073, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-1047-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-1047-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Fundamental understanding of the major processes driving climate change is a key problem which is to be solved, not only on a global but also on a regional scale. The Emission Monitoring Mobile Experiment (EMME) carried out in 2019 with two portable Bruker EM27/SUN spectrometers as core instruments provided new information on the emissions of greenhouse (CO2, CH4) and reactive (CO, NOx) gases from St. Petersburg (Russia), which is the largest northern megacity with a population of 5 million.
Cited articles
Anastasiadis, S. H., Chen, J. K., Koberstein, J. T., Siegel, A. F., Sohn, J. E., and Emerson, J. A.: The determination of interfacial tension by video image processing of pendant fluid drops, J. Colloid Interf. Sci., 119, 55–66, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9797(87)90244-X, 1987.
Andreae, M. O. and Rosenfeld, D.: Aerosol-cloud precipitation interactions. Part 1. The nature and sources of cloud-active aerosols, Earth-Sci. Rev., 89, 13–41, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2008.03.001, 2008.
Aumann, E., Hildemann, L. M., and Tabazadeh, A.: Measuring and modeling the composition and temperature-dependence of surface tension for organic solutions, Atmos. Environ., 44, 329–337, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.10.033, 2010.
Bahadur, R. and Russell, L. M.: Effect of surface tension from MD simulations on size-dependent deliquescence of NaCl nanoparticles, Aerosol Sci. Tech., 42, 369–376, https://doi.org/10.1080/02786820802104965, 2008.
Biskos, G., Malinowski, A., Russell, L. M., Buseck, P. R., and Martin, S. T.: Nanosize effect on the deliquescence and the efflorescence of sodium chloride particles, Aerosol Sci. Tech., 40, 97–106, https://doi.org/10.1080/02786820500484396, 2006a.
Biskos, G., Russell, L. M., Buseck, P. R., and Martin, S. T.: Nanosize effect on the hygroscopic growth factor of aerosol particles, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L07801, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL025199, 2006b.
Bzdek, B. R., Reid, J. P., Malila, J., and Prisle, N. L.: The surface tension of surfactant-containing, finite volume droplets, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 117, 8335–8343, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1915660117, 2020.
Chan, C. K., Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Water activity of
Cheng, Y., Su, H., Kopp, T., Mikhailov, E. F., and Pöschl, U.: Size dependence of phase transitions in aerosol nanoparticles, Nat. Commun., 6, 5923, https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms6923, 2015.
Clegg, S. L. and Seinfeld, J. H.: Thermodynamic models of aqueous solutions containing inorganic electrolytes and dicarboxylic acids at 298.15 K. 1. The acids as nondissociating components, J. Phys. Chem. A, 110, 5692–5717, 2006.
Clegg, S. L., Ho, S. S., Chan, C. K., and Brimblecombe, P.: Thermodynamic properties of aqueous (NH4)2SO4 to high supersaturation as a function of temperature, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 40, 1079–1090, https://doi.org/10.1021/je00021a011, 1995.
Davies, J. F., Zuend, A., and Wilson, K. R.: Technical note: The role of evolving surface tension in the formation of cloud droplets, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 2933–2946, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-2933-2019, 2019.
Djikaev, Y. S., Bowles, R., Reiss, H., Hämeri, K., Laaksonen, A., and Väkevä, M.: Theory of size dependent deliquescence of nanoparticles: Relation to heterogeneous nucleation and comparison with experiments, J. Phys. Chem. B, 105, 7708–7722, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp010537e, 2001.
Docoslis, A., Giese, R. F., and van Oss, C. J.: Influence of the water–air interface on the apparent surface tension of aqueous solutions of hydrophilic solutes, Colloid. Surface. B, 19, 147–162, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0927-7765(00)00137-5, 2000.
Dutcher, C. S., Wexler, A. S., and Clegg, S. L.: Surface tensions of inorganic multicomponent aqueous electrolyte solutions and melts, J. Phys. Chem. A, 114, 12216–12230, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp105191z, 2010.
Forestieri, S. D., Staudt, S. M., Kuborn, T. M., Faber, K., Ruehl, C. R., Bertram, T. H., and Cappa, C. D.: Establishing the impact of model surfactants on cloud condensation nuclei activity of sea spray aerosol mimics, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 10985–11005, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-10985-2018, 2018.
Frosch, M., Prisle, N. L., Bilde, M., Varga, Z., and Kiss, G.: Joint effect of organic acids and inorganic salts on cloud droplet activation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 3895–3911, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-3895-2011, 2011.
Gysel, M., Weingartner, E., Nyeki, S., Paulsen, D., Baltensperger, U., Galambos, I., and Kiss, G.: Hygroscopic properties of water-soluble matter and humic-like organics in atmospheric fine aerosol, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 4, 35–50, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-4-35-2004, 2004.
Kiss, G., Tombácz, E., and Hansson, H.-C.: Surface tension effects of humic-like substances in aqueous extract of tropospheric fine aerosol, J. Atmos. Chem., 50, 279–294, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10874-005-5079-5, 2005.
Lakhanpal, M. L. and Conway, B. E.: A method of integration of the Gibbs–Duhem equation when activities of a solute are required from those of the solvent, Can. J. Chem., 38, 199–203, https://doi.org/10.1139/v60-027, 1960.
Lei, T., Su, H., Ma, N., Pöschl, U., Wiedensohler, A., and Cheng, Y.: Size-dependent hygroscopicity of levoglucosan and D-glucose aerosol nanoparticles, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 4763–4774, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4763-2023, 2023.
Li, Z. B. and Lu, B. C. Y.: Surface tension of aqueous electrolyte solutions at high concentrations – representation and prediction, Chem. Eng. Sci., 56, 2879–2888, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2509(00)00525-X, 2001.
Lin, J. J., Kristensen, T. B., Calderón, S. M., Malila, J., and Prisle, N. L.: Effects of surface tension time-evolution for CCN activation of a complex organic surfactant, Environ. Sci.-Proc. Imp., 22, 271–284, https://doi.org/10.1039/C9EM00426B, 2020.
Marcolli, C. and Krieger, U. K.: Phase changes during hygroscopic cycles of mixed organic/inorganic model systems of tropospheric aerosols, J. Chem. Phys., 110, 1881–1893, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp0556759, 2006.
Mikhailov, E., Vlasenko, S., Niessner, R., and Pöschl, U.: Interaction of aerosol particles composed of protein and saltswith water vapor: hygroscopic growth and microstructural rearrangement, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 4, 323–350, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-4-323-2004, 2004.
Mikhailov, E., Vlasenko, S., Martin, S. T., Koop, T., and Pöschl, U.: Amorphous and crystalline aerosol particles interacting with water vapor: conceptual framework and experimental evidence for restructuring, phase transitions and kinetic limitations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 9491–9522, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-9491-2009, 2009.
Mikhailov, E. F. and Vlasenko, S. S.: High-humidity tandem differential mobility analyzer for accurate determination of aerosol hygroscopic growth, microstructure, and activity coefficients over a wide range of relative humidity, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 2035–2056, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-2035-2020, 2020.
Mikhailov, E. F., Pöhlker, M. L., Reinmuth-Selzle, K., Vlasenko, S. S., Krüger, O. O., Fröhlich-Nowoisky, J., Pöhlker, C., Ivanova, O. A., Kiselev, A. A., Kremper, L. A., and Pöschl, U.: Water uptake of subpollen aerosol particles: hygroscopic growth, cloud condensation nuclei activation, and liquid–liquid phase separation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 6999–7022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6999-2021, 2021.
Miyajima, K., Sawada, M., and Nakagaki, M.: Studies on aqueous solutions of saccharides. I. Activity coefficients of monosaccharides in aqueous solutions at 25 °C, B. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 56, 1620–1623, https://doi.org/10.1246/bcsj.56.1620, 1983.
Ovadnevaite, J., Zuend, A., Laaksonen, A., Sanchez, K. J., Roberts, G., Ceburnis, D., Decesari, S., Rinaldi, M., Hodas, N., Facchini, M. C., Seinfeld, J. H., and O'Dowd, C.: Surface tension prevails over solute effect in organic-influenced cloud droplet activation, Nature, 546, 637–641, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature22806, 2017.
Peng, C., Chow, A. H. L., and Chan, C. K.: Hygroscopic study of glucose, citric acid, and sorbitol using an electrodynamic balance: comparison with UNIFAC predictions, Aerosol Sci. Tech., 35, 753–758, https://doi.org/10.1080/02786820152546798, 2001.
Petters, S. S. and Petters, M. D.: Surfactant effect on cloud condensation nuclei for two-component internally mixed aerosols, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 121, 1878–1895, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JD024090, 2016.
Pöschl, U.: Atmospheric aerosols: composition, transformation, climate and health effects, Angew. Chem. Int. Edit., 44, 7520–7540, https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.200501122, 2005.
Prausnitz, J. M., Lichtenthaler, R. N., and de Azevedo, E. G.: Molecular Thermodynamics of Fluid-Phase Equilibria, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, USA, 226, https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.5450780222, 1999.
Prisle, N. L., Raatikainen, T., Laaksonen, A., and Bilde, M.: Surfactants in cloud droplet activation: mixed organic-inorganic particles, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 5663–5683, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-5663-2010, 2010.
Prisle, N. L., Dal Maso, M., and Kokkola, H.: A simple representation of surface active organic aerosol in cloud droplet formation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 4073–4083, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-4073-2011, 2011.
Pruppacher, H. R. and Klett, J. D.: Microphysics of clouds and precipitation, Kluwer Academic Publishers, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-306-48100-0, 1997.
Robinson, R. A. and Stokes, R. H.: Electrolyte solutions, 2nd edn., Butterworths, London, ISBN 100408184906, 1970.
Ruehl, C. R., Davies, J. F., and Wilson, K. R.: An interfacial mechanism for cloud droplet formation on organic aerosols, Science, 351, 1447–1450, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aad4889, 2016.
Schmedding, R. and Zuend, A.: A thermodynamic framework for bulk–surface partitioning in finite-volume mixed organic–inorganic aerosol particles and cloud droplets, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 7741–7765, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7741-2023, 2023.
Setschenow, J.: Über die Konstitution der Salzlösungen auf Grund ihres Verhaltens zu Kohlensäure, Z. Phys. Chem., 4, 117–125, https://doi.org/10.1515/zpch-1889-0409, 1889.
Shapiro, E. L., Szprengiel, J., Sareen, N., Jen, C. N., Giordano, M. R., and McNeill, V. F.: Light-absorbing secondary organic material formed by glyoxal in aqueous aerosol mimics, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 2289–2300, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-2289-2009, 2009.
Swietlicki, E., Hansson, H.-C., Hämeri, K., Svenningsson, B., Massling, A., McFiggans, G., McMurry, P. H., Petäjä, T., Tunved, P., Gysel, M., Topping, D., Weingartner, E., Baltensperger, U., Rissler, J., Wiedensohler, A., and Kulmala, M.: Hygroscopic properties of submicrometer atmospheric aerosol particles measured with H-TDMA instruments in various environments – a review, Tellus B, 60, 432–469, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0889.2008.00350.x, 2008.
Tang, I. N. and Munkelwitz, H. R.: Water activities, densities, and refractive indices of aqueous sulfates and sodium nitrate droplets of atmospheric importance, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 18801–18808, https://doi.org/10.1029/94JD01345, 1994.
Tang, M., Chan, C. K., Li, Y. J., Su, H., Ma, Q., Wu, Z., Zhang, G., Wang, Z., Ge, M., Hu, M., He, H., and Wang, X.: A review of experimental techniques for aerosol hygroscopicity studies, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 12631–12686, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-12631-2019, 2019.
Topping, D. O., McFiggans, G. B., Kiss, G., Varga, Z., Facchini, M. C., Decesari, S., and Mircea, M.: Surface tensions of multi-component mixed inorganic/organic aqueous systems of atmospheric significance: measurements, model predictions and importance for cloud activation predictions, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 2371–2398, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-2371-2007, 2007.
Tuckermann, R.: Surface tension of aqueous solutions of water-soluble organic and inorganic compounds, Atmos. Environ., 41, 6265–6275, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.03.051, 2007.
Wang, C., Lei, Y. D., Endo, S., and Wania, F.: Measuring and modeling the salting-out effect in ammonium sulfate solutions, Environ. Sci. Technol., 48, 22, 13238–13245, https://doi.org/10.1021/es5035602, 2014.
Wexler, A. S. and Clegg, S. L.: Atmospheric Aerosol Models for Systems Including the Ions H+,
Zuend, A., Marcolli, C., Luo, B. P., and Peter, T.: A thermodynamic model of mixed organic-inorganic aerosols to predict activity coefficients, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 4559–4593, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-4559-2008, 2008.
Zuend, A., Marcolli, C., Booth, A. M., Lienhard, D. M., Soonsin, V., Krieger, U. K., Topping, D. O., McFiggans, G., Peter, T., and Seinfeld, J. H.: New and extended parameterization of the thermodynamic model AIOMFAC: calculation of activity coefficients for organic-inorganic mixtures containing carboxyl, hydroxyl, carbonyl, ether, ester, alkenyl, alkyl, and aromatic functional groups, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 9155–9206, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-9155-2011, 2011.
Short summary
Surface tension and water activity are key thermodynamic parameters determining the impact of atmospheric aerosols on human health and climate. However, these parameters are not well constrained for nanoparticles composed of organic and inorganic compounds. In this study, we determined for the first time the water activity and surface tension of mixed organic/inorganic nanodroplets by applying a differential Köhler analysis (DKA) to hygroscopic growth measurements.
Surface tension and water activity are key thermodynamic parameters determining the impact of...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint