Articles | Volume 21, issue 19
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14687-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14687-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
05 Oct 2021
Research article |
| 05 Oct 2021
| 05 Oct 2021
Surface deposition of marine fog and its treatment in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model
Centre for Research in Earth and Space Science, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
Zheqi Chen
Centre for Research in Earth and Space Science, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
Li Cheng
Centre for Research in Earth and Space Science, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
Soudeh Afsharian
Centre for Research in Earth and Space Science, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
Wensong Weng
Centre for Research in Earth and Space Science, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
George A. Isaac
Centre for Research in Earth and Space Science, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
Weather Impacts Consulting Incorporated, 20 Pine Ridge Trail, Barrie, Ontario L4M 4Y8, Canada
Terry W. Bullock
Met-Ocean & Digital Environment Solutions, 133 Crosbie Road, St. John's, NL A1B 4A5, Canada
Yongsheng Chen
Centre for Research in Earth and Space Science, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
Related authors
Peter A. Taylor
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 18263–18269, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-18263-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-18263-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Atmospheric aerosols including fog droplets can be deposited on the ground or on water surfaces. This is due to both gravitational settling and turbulent impaction. A simple model of this combined process is developed based on conventional atmospheric-boundary-layer ideas. The model suggests an alternative formulation for the treatment of gravitational settling in the deposition velocity estimations of aerosol particles and fog droplets.
Peter A. Taylor
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 18263–18269, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-18263-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-18263-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Atmospheric aerosols including fog droplets can be deposited on the ground or on water surfaces. This is due to both gravitational settling and turbulent impaction. A simple model of this combined process is developed based on conventional atmospheric-boundary-layer ideas. The model suggests an alternative formulation for the treatment of gravitational settling in the deposition velocity estimations of aerosol particles and fog droplets.
Related subject area
Subject: Aerosols | Research Activity: Atmospheric Modelling and Data Analysis | Altitude Range: Troposphere | Science Focus: Physics (physical properties and processes)
Assimilation of POLDER observations to estimate aerosol emissions
Effect of radiation interaction and aerosol processes on ventilation and aerosol concentrations in a real urban neighbourhood in Helsinki
Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation modulates the relationship between El Niño–Southern Oscillation and fire weather in Australia
Identifying climate model structural inconsistencies allows for tight constraint of aerosol radiative forcing
Impacts of reducing scattering and absorbing aerosols on the temporal extent and intensity of South Asian summer monsoon and East Asian summer monsoon
Superimposed effects of typical local circulations driven by mountainous topography and aerosol–radiation interaction on heavy haze in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei central and southern plains in winter
Multi-model ensemble projection of the global dust cycle by the end of 21st century using the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project version 6 data
A thermodynamic framework for bulk–surface partitioning in finite-volume mixed organic–inorganic aerosol particles and cloud droplets
Change from aerosol-driven to cloud-feedback-driven trend in short-wave radiative flux over the North Atlantic
A new process-based and scale-aware desert dust emission scheme for global climate models – Part I: Description and evaluation against inverse modeling emissions
Transported aerosols regulate the pre-monsoon rainfall over north-east India: a WRF-Chem modelling study
Collision-sticking rates of acid–base clusters in the gas phase determined from atomistic simulation and a novel analytical interacting hard-sphere model
Parameterization of size of organic and secondary inorganic aerosol for efficient representation of global aerosol optical properties
Model-based insights into aerosol perturbation on pristine continental convective precipitation
The impact of using assimilated Aeolus wind data on regional WRF-Chem dust simulations
On the differences in the vertical distribution of modeled aerosol optical depth over the southeastern Atlantic
A global evaluation of daily to seasonal aerosol and water vapor relationships using a combination of AERONET and NAAPS reanalysis data
Local and remote climate impacts of future African aerosol emissions
The dependence of aerosols' global and local precipitation impacts on the emitting region
Assessing the climate and air quality effects of future aerosol mitigation in India using a global climate model combined with statistical downscaling
Aggravated air pollution and health burden due to traffic congestion in urban China
Late summer transition from a free-tropospheric to boundary layer source of Aitken mode aerosol in the high Arctic
Self-lofting of wildfire smoke in the troposphere and stratosphere: simulations and space lidar observations
The underappreciated role of transboundary pollution in future air quality and health improvements in China
Role of K-feldspar and quartz in global ice nucleation by mineral dust in mixed-phase clouds
Projected increases in wildfires may challenge regulatory curtailment of PM2.5 over the eastern US by 2050
Meteorological export and deposition fluxes of black carbon on glaciers of the central Chilean Andes
Future changes in atmospheric rivers over East Asia under stratospheric aerosol intervention
Modeling the influence of chain length on secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation via multiphase reactions of alkanes
How aerosol size matters in aerosol optical depth (AOD) assimilation and the optimization using the Ångström exponent
Microphysical, macrophysical, and radiative responses of subtropical marine clouds to aerosol injections
Hemispheric-wide climate response to regional COVID-19-related aerosol emission reductions: the prominent role of atmospheric circulation adjustments
Impacts of an aerosol layer on a midlatitude continental system of cumulus clouds: how do these impacts depend on the vertical location of the aerosol layer?
Impact of phase state and non-ideal mixing on equilibration timescales of secondary organic aerosol partitioning
A global climatology of ice-nucleating particles under cirrus conditions derived from model simulations with MADE3 in EMAC
Enviro-HIRLAM model estimates of elevated black carbon pollution over Ukraine resulted from forest fires
Where does the dust deposited over the Sierra Nevada snow come from?
Instant and delayed effects of March biomass burning aerosols over the Indochina Peninsula
Aerosol–cloud interaction in the atmospheric chemistry model GRAPES_Meso5.1/CUACE and its impacts on mesoscale numerical weather prediction under haze pollution conditions in Jing–Jin–Ji in China
Survival probabilities of atmospheric particles: comparison based on theory, cluster population simulations, and observations in Beijing
The simulation of mineral dust in the United Kingdom Earth System Model UKESM1
Dust pollution in China affected by different spatial and temporal types of El Niño
The export of African mineral dust across the Atlantic and its impact over the Amazon Basin
An improved representation of aerosol mixing state for air quality–weather interactions
Circulation-regulated impacts of aerosol pollution on urban heat island in Beijing
Size-resolved dust direct radiative effect efficiency derived from satellite observations
Modeling coarse and giant desert dust particles
Fire–climate interactions through the aerosol radiative effect in a global chemistry–climate–vegetation model
Contributions of meteorology and anthropogenic emissions to the trends in winter PM2.5 in eastern China 2013–2018
Impacts of condensable particulate matter on atmospheric organic aerosols and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in China
Athanasios Tsikerdekis, Otto P. Hasekamp, Nick A. J. Schutgens, and Qirui Zhong
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9495–9524, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9495-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9495-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosols are tiny particles of different substances (species) that can be emitted into the atmosphere by natural processes or by anthropogenic activities. However, the actual aerosol emission amount per species is highly uncertain. Thus in this work we correct the aerosol emissions used to drive a global aerosol–climate model using satellite observations through a process called data assimilation. These more accurate aerosol emissions can lead to a more accurate weather and climate prediction.
Jani Strömberg, Xiaoyu Li, Mona Kurppa, Heino Kuuluvainen, Liisa Pirjola, and Leena Järvi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9347–9364, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9347-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9347-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We conclude that with low wind speeds, solar radiation has a larger decreasing effect (53 %) on pollutant concentrations than aerosol processes (18 %). Additionally, our results showed that with solar radiation included, pollutant concentrations were closer to observations (−13 %) than with only aerosol processes (+98 %). This has implications when planning simulations under calm conditions such as in our case and when deciding whether or not simulations need to include these processes.
Guanyu Liu, Jing Li, and Tong Ying
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9217–9228, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9217-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9217-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Fires in Australia are positively correlated with the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). However, the correlation between ENSO and the Australian Fire Weather Index (FWI) increases from 0.17 to 0.70 when the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) shifts from a negative to positive phase. This is explained by the teleconnection effect through which the warmer AMO generates Rossby wave trains and results in high pressures and a weather condition conducive to wildfires.
Leighton A. Regayre, Lucia Deaconu, Daniel P. Grosvenor, David M. H. Sexton, Christopher Symonds, Tom Langton, Duncan Watson-Paris, Jane P. Mulcahy, Kirsty J. Pringle, Mark Richardson, Jill S. Johnson, John W. Rostron, Hamish Gordon, Grenville Lister, Philip Stier, and Ken S. Carslaw
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8749–8768, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8749-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8749-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol forcing of Earth’s energy balance has persisted as a major cause of uncertainty in climate simulations over generations of climate model development. We show that structural deficiencies in a climate model are exposed by comprehensively exploring parametric uncertainty and that these deficiencies limit how much the model uncertainty can be reduced through observational constraint. This provides a future pathway towards building models with greater physical realism and lower uncertainty.
Chenwei Fang, Jim M. Haywood, Ju Liang, Ben T. Johnson, Ying Chen, and Bin Zhu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8341–8368, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8341-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8341-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The responses of Asian summer monsoon duration and intensity to air pollution mitigation are identified given the net-zero future. We show that reducing scattering aerosols makes the rainy season longer and stronger across South Asia and East Asia but that absorbing aerosol reduction has the opposite effect. Our results hint at distinct monsoon responses to emission controls that target different aerosols.
Yue Peng, Hong Wang, Xiaoye Zhang, Zhaodong Liu, Wenjie Zhang, Siting Li, Chen Han, and Huizheng Che
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8325–8339, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8325-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8325-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study demonstrates a strong link between local circulation, aerosol–radiation interaction (ARI), and haze pollution. Under the weak weather-scale systems, the typical local circulation driven by mountainous topography is the main cause of pollutant distribution in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region, and the ARI mechanism amplifies this influence of local circulation on pollutants, making haze pollution aggravated by the superposition of both.
Yuan Zhao, Xu Yue, Yang Cao, Jun Zhu, Chenguang Tian, Hao Zhou, Yuwen Chen, Yihan Hu, Weijie Fu, and Xu Zhao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 7823–7838, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7823-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7823-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We project the future changes of dust emissions and loading using an ensemble of model outputs from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project version 6 under four scenarios. We find increased dust emissions and loading in North Africa, due to increased drought and strengthened surface wind, and decreased dust loading over Asia, following enhanced precipitation. Such a spatial pattern remains similar, though the regional intensity varies among different scenarios.
Ryan Schmedding and Andreas Zuend
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 7741–7765, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7741-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7741-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol particles below 100 nm in diameter have high surface-area-to-volume ratios. The enrichment of compounds in the surface of an aerosol particle may lead to depletion of that species in the interior bulk of the particle. We present a framework for modeling the equilibrium bulk–surface partitioning of mixed organic–inorganic particles, including cases of co-condensation of semivolatile organic compounds and species with extremely limited solubility in the bulk or surface of a particle.
Daniel P. Grosvenor and Kenneth S. Carslaw
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 6743–6773, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6743-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6743-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We determine what causes long-term trends in short-wave (SW) radiative fluxes in two climate models. A positive trend occurs between 1850 and 1970 (increasing SW reflection) and a negative trend between 1970 and 2014; the pre-1970 positive trend is mainly driven by an increase in cloud droplet number concentrations due to increases in aerosol, and the 1970–2014 trend is driven by a decrease in cloud fraction, which we attribute to changes in clouds caused by greenhouse gas-induced warming.
Danny M. Leung, Jasper F. Kok, Longlei Li, Gregory S. Okin, Catherine Prigent, Martina Klose, Carlos Pérez García-Pando, Laurent Menut, Natalie M. Mahowald, David M. Lawrence, and Marcelo Chamecki
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 6487–6523, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6487-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6487-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Desert dust modeling is important for understanding climate change, as dust regulates the atmosphere's greenhouse effect and radiation. This study formulates and proposes a more physical and realistic desert dust emission scheme for global and regional climate models. By considering more aeolian processes in our emission scheme, our simulations match better against dust observations than existing schemes. We believe this work is vital in improving dust representation in climate models.
Neeldip Barman and Sharad Gokhale
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 6197–6215, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6197-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6197-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The study shows that during the pre-monsoon season transported aerosols, especially from the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP), have a greater impact with respect to air pollution, radiative forcing and rainfall over north-east (NE) India than emissions from within NE India itself. Hence, controlling emissions in the IGP will be significantly more fruitful in reducing pollution as well as climatic impacts over this region.
Huan Yang, Ivo Neefjes, Valtteri Tikkanen, Jakub Kubečka, Theo Kurtén, Hanna Vehkamäki, and Bernhard Reischl
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 5993–6009, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5993-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5993-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We present a new analytical model for collision rates between molecules and clusters of arbitrary sizes, accounting for long-range interactions. The model is verified against atomistic simulations of typical acid–base clusters participating in atmospheric new particle formation (NPF). Compared to non-interacting models, accounting for long-range interactions leads to 2–3 times higher collision rates for small clusters, indicating the necessity of including such interactions in NPF modeling.
Haihui Zhu, Randall V. Martin, Betty Croft, Shixian Zhai, Chi Li, Liam Bindle, Jeffrey R. Pierce, Rachel Y.-W. Chang, Bruce E. Anderson, Luke D. Ziemba, Johnathan W. Hair, Richard A. Ferrare, Chris A. Hostetler, Inderjeet Singh, Deepangsu Chatterjee, Jose L. Jimenez, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Benjamin A. Nault, Jack E. Dibb, Joshua S. Schwarz, and Andrew Weinheimer
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 5023–5042, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5023-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5023-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Particle size of atmospheric aerosol is important for estimating its climate and health effects, but simulating atmospheric aerosol size is computationally demanding. This study derives a simple parameterization of the size of organic and secondary inorganic ambient aerosol that can be applied to atmospheric models. Applying this parameterization allows a better representation of the global spatial pattern of aerosol size, as verified by ground and airborne measurements.
Mengjiao Jiang, Yaoting Li, Weiji Hu, Yinshan Yang, Guy Brasseur, and Xi Zhao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 4545–4557, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4545-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4545-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Relatively clean background aerosol over the Tibetan Plateau makes the study of aerosol–cloud–precipitation interactions distinctive. A convection on 24 July 2014 in Naqu was selected using the Weather Research Forecasting (WRF) model, including the Thompson aerosol-aware microphysical scheme. Our study uses a compromise approach to the limited observations. We show that the transformation of cloud water to graupel and the development of convective clouds are favored in a polluted situation.
Pantelis Kiriakidis, Antonis Gkikas, Georgios Papangelis, Theodoros Christoudias, Jonilda Kushta, Emmanouil Proestakis, Anna Kampouri, Eleni Marinou, Eleni Drakaki, Angela Benedetti, Michael Rennie, Christian Retscher, Anne Grete Straume, Alexandru Dandocsi, Jean Sciare, and Vasilis Amiridis
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 4391–4417, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4391-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4391-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
With the launch of the Aeolus satellite, higher-accuracy wind products became available. This research was carried out to validate the assimilated wind products by testing their effect on the WRF-Chem model predictive ability of dust processes. This was carried out for the eastern Mediterranean and Middle East region for two 2-month periods in autumn and spring 2020. The use of the assimilated products improved the dust forecasts of the autumn season (both quantitatively and qualitatively).
Ian Chang, Lan Gao, Connor J. Flynn, Yohei Shinozuka, Sarah J. Doherty, Michael S. Diamond, Karla M. Longo, Gonzalo A. Ferrada, Gregory R. Carmichael, Patricia Castellanos, Arlindo M. da Silva, Pablo E. Saide, Calvin Howes, Zhixin Xue, Marc Mallet, Ravi Govindaraju, Qiaoqiao Wang, Yafang Cheng, Yan Feng, Sharon P. Burton, Richard A. Ferrare, Samuel E. LeBlanc, Meloë S. Kacenelenbogen, Kristina Pistone, Michal Segal-Rozenhaimer, Kerry G. Meyer, Ju-Mee Ryoo, Leonhard Pfister, Adeyemi A. Adebiyi, Robert Wood, Paquita Zuidema, Sundar A. Christopher, and Jens Redemann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 4283–4309, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4283-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4283-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Abundant aerosols are present above low-level liquid clouds over the southeastern Atlantic during late austral spring. The model simulation differences in the proportion of aerosol residing in the planetary boundary layer and in the free troposphere can greatly affect the regional aerosol radiative effects. This study examines the aerosol loading and fractional aerosol loading in the free troposphere among various models and evaluates them against measurements from the NASA ORACLES campaign.
Juli I. Rubin, Jeffrey S. Reid, Peng Xian, Christopher M. Selman, and Thomas F. Eck
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 4059–4090, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4059-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4059-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This work aims to quantify the covariability between aerosol optical depth/extinction with water vapor (PW) globally, using NASA AERONET observations and NAAPS model data. Findings are important for data assimilation and radiative transfer. The study shows statistically significant and positive AOD–PW relationships are found across the globe, varying in strength with location and season and tied to large-scale aerosol events. Hygroscopic growth was also found to be an important factor.
Christopher D. Wells, Matthew Kasoar, Nicolas Bellouin, and Apostolos Voulgarakis
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 3575–3593, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3575-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3575-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The climate is altered by greenhouse gases and air pollutant particles, and such emissions are likely to change drastically in the future over Africa. Air pollutants do not travel far, so their climate effect depends on where they are emitted. This study uses a climate model to find the climate impacts of future African pollutant emissions being either high or low. The particles absorb and scatter sunlight, causing the ground nearby to be cooler, but elsewhere the increased heat causes warming.
Geeta G. Persad
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 3435–3452, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3435-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3435-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Human-induced aerosol pollution has major impacts on both local and global precipitation. This study demonstrates using a global climate model that both the strength and localization of aerosols' precipitation impacts are highly dependent on which region the aerosols are emitted from. The findings highlight that the geographic distribution of human-induced aerosol emissions must be accounted for when quantifying their influence on global precipitation.
Tuuli Miinalainen, Harri Kokkola, Antti Lipponen, Antti-Pekka Hyvärinen, Vijay Kumar Soni, Kari E. J. Lehtinen, and Thomas Kühn
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 3471–3491, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3471-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3471-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We simulated the effects of aerosol emission mitigation on both global and regional radiative forcing and city-level air quality with a global-scale climate model. We used a machine learning downscaling approach to bias-correct the PM2.5 values obtained from the global model for the Indian megacity New Delhi. Our results indicate that aerosol mitigation could result in both improved air quality and less radiative heating for India.
Peng Wang, Ruhan Zhang, Shida Sun, Meng Gao, Bo Zheng, Dan Zhang, Yanli Zhang, Gregory R. Carmichael, and Hongliang Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 2983–2996, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2983-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2983-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In China, the number of vehicles has jumped significantly in the last decade. This caused severe traffic congestion and aggravated air pollution. In this study, we developed a new temporal allocation approach to quantify the impacts of traffic congestion. We found that traffic congestion worsens air quality and the health burden across China, especially in the urban clusters. More effective and comprehensive vehicle emission control policies should be implemented to improve air quality in China.
Ruth Price, Andrea Baccarini, Julia Schmale, Paul Zieger, Ian M. Brooks, Paul Field, and Ken S. Carslaw
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 2927–2961, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2927-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2927-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Arctic clouds can control how much energy is absorbed by the surface or reflected back to space. Using a computer model of the atmosphere we investigated the formation of atmospheric particles that allow cloud droplets to form. We found that particles formed aloft are transported to the lowest part of the Arctic atmosphere and that this is a key source of particles. Our results have implications for the way Arctic clouds will behave in the future as climate change continues to impact the region.
Kevin Ohneiser, Albert Ansmann, Jonas Witthuhn, Hartwig Deneke, Alexandra Chudnovsky, Gregor Walter, and Fabian Senf
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 2901–2925, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2901-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2901-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study shows that smoke layers can reach the tropopause via the self-lofting effect within 3–7 d in the absence of pyrocumulonimbus convection if the
aerosol optical thickness is larger than approximately 2 for a longer time period. When reaching the stratosphere, wildfire smoke can sensitively influence the stratospheric composition on a hemispheric scale and thus can affect the Earth’s climate and the ozone layer.
Jun-Wei Xu, Jintai Lin, Dan Tong, and Lulu Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2023-48, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2023-48, 2023
Revised manuscript accepted for ACP
Short summary
Short summary
This study highlights the necessity of a low-carbon pathway in foreign countries for China to achieve air quality goals and to protect public health. We find that adopting the low-carbon instead of the fossil fuel-intensive pathway in foreign countries would avoid 63,000–270,000 transboundary PM2.5-associated mortality in China in 2060. Our study provides direct evidence on the necessity of inter-regional cooperation for air quality improvement.
Marios Chatziparaschos, Nikos Daskalakis, Stelios Myriokefalitakis, Nikos Kalivitis, Athanasios Nenes, María Gonçalves Ageitos, Montserrat Costa-Surós, Carlos Pérez García-Pando, Medea Zanoli, Mihalis Vrekoussis, and Maria Kanakidou
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 1785–1801, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1785-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1785-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Ice formation is enabled by ice-nucleating particles (INP) at higher temperatures than homogeneous formation and can profoundly affect the properties of clouds. Our global model results show that K-feldspar is the most important contributor to INP concentrations globally, affecting mid-level mixed-phase clouds. However, quartz can significantly contribute and dominates the lowest and the highest altitudes of dust-derived INP, affecting mainly low-level and high-level mixed-phase clouds.
Chandan Sarangi, Yun Qian, L. Ruby Leung, Yang Zhang, Yufei Zou, and Yuhang Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 1769–1783, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1769-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1769-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We show that for air quality, the densely populated eastern US may see even larger impacts of wildfires due to long-distance smoke transport and associated positive climatic impacts, partially compensating the improvements from regulations on anthropogenic emissions. This study highlights the tension between natural and anthropogenic contributions and the non-local nature of air pollution that complicate regulatory strategies for improving future regional air quality for human health.
Rémy Lapere, Nicolás Huneeus, Sylvain Mailler, Laurent Menut, and Florian Couvidat
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 1749–1768, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1749-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1749-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Glaciers in the Andes of central Chile are shrinking rapidly in response to global warming. This melting is accelerated by the deposition of opaque particles onto snow and ice. In this work, model simulations quantify typical deposition rates of soot on glaciers in summer and winter months and show that the contribution of emissions from Santiago is not as high as anticipated. Additionally, the combination of regional- and local-scale meteorology explains the seasonality in deposition.
Ju Liang and Jim Haywood
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 1687–1703, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1687-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1687-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The recent record-breaking flood events in China during the summer of 2021 highlight the importance of mitigating the risks from future changes in high-impact weather systems under global warming. Based on a state-of-the-art Earth system model, we demonstrate a pilot study on the responses of atmospheric rivers and extreme precipitation over East Asia to anthropogenically induced climate warming and an unconventional mitigation strategy – stratospheric aerosol injection.
Azad Madhu, Myoseon Jang, and David Deacon
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 1661–1675, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1661-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1661-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
SOA formation is simulated using the UNIPAR model for series of linear alkanes. The inclusion of autoxidation reactions within the explicit gas mechanisms of C9–C12 was found to significantly improve predictions. Available product distributions were extrapolated with an incremental volatility coefficient (IVC) to predict SOA formation of alkanes without explicit mechanisms. These product distributions were used to simulate SOA formation from C13 and C15 and had good agreement with chamber data.
Jianbing Jin, Bas Henzing, and Arjo Segers
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 1641–1660, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1641-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1641-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol models and satellite retrieval algorithms rely on different aerosol size assumptions. In practice, differences between simulations and observations do not always reflect the difference in aerosol amount. To avoid inconsistencies, we designed a hybrid assimilation approach. Different from a standard aerosol optical depth (AOD) assimilation that directly assimilates AODs, the hybrid one estimates aerosol size parameters by assimilating Ängström observations before assimilating the AODs.
Je-Yun Chun, Robert Wood, Peter Blossey, and Sarah J. Doherty
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 1345–1368, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1345-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1345-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the impact of injected aerosol on subtropical low marine clouds under a variety of meteorological conditions using high-resolution model simulations. This study illustrates processes perturbed by aerosol injections and their impact on cloud properties (e.g., cloud number concentration, thickness, and cover). We show that those responses are highly sensitive to background meteorological conditions, such as precipitation, and background cloud properties.
Nora L. S. Fahrenbach and Massimo A. Bollasina
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 877–894, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-877-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-877-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We studied the monthly-scale climate response to COVID-19 aerosol emission reductions during January–May 2020 using climate models. Our results show global temperature and rainfall anomalies driven by circulation changes. The climate patterns reverse polarity from JF to MAM due to a shift in the main SO2 reduction region from China to India. This real-life example of rapid climate adjustments to abrupt, regional aerosol emission reduction has large implications for future climate projections.
Seoung Soo Lee, Junshik Um, Won Jun Choi, Kyung-Ja Ha, Chang Hoon Jung, Jianping Guo, and Youtong Zheng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 273–286, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-273-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-273-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This paper elaborates on process-level mechanisms regarding how the interception of radiation by aerosols interacts with the surface heat fluxes and atmospheric instability in warm cumulus clouds. This paper elucidates how these mechanisms vary with the location or altitude of an aerosol layer. This elucidation indicates that the location of aerosol layers should be taken into account for parameterizations of aerosol–cloud interactions.
Meredith Schervish and Manabu Shiraiwa
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 221–233, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-221-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-221-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) can exhibit complex non-ideal behavior and adopt an amorphous semisolid state. We simulate condensation of semi-volatile compounds into a phase-separated particle to investigate the effect of non-ideality and particle phase state on the equilibration timescale of SOA partitioning. Our results provide useful insights into the interpretation of experimental observations and the description and treatment of SOA in aerosol models.
Christof G. Beer, Johannes Hendricks, and Mattia Righi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 15887–15907, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15887-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15887-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Ice-nucleating particles (INPs) have important influences on cirrus clouds and the climate system; however, their global atmospheric distribution in the cirrus regime is still very uncertain. We present a global climatology of INPs under cirrus conditions derived from model simulations, considering the mineral dust, soot, crystalline ammonium sulfate, and glassy organics INP types. The comparison of respective INP concentrations indicates the large importance of ammonium sulfate particles.
Mykhailo Savenets, Larysa Pysarenko, Svitlana Krakovska, Alexander Mahura, and Tuukka Petäjä
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 15777–15791, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15777-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15777-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The paper explores the spatio-temporal variability of black carbon during a wildfire in August 2010, with a focus on Ukraine. As a research tool, the seamless Enviro-HIRLAM modelling system is used for investigating the atmospheric transport of aerosol particles emitted by wildfires from remote and local sources. The results of this study improve our understanding of the physical and chemical processes and the interactions of aerosols in the atmosphere.
Huilin Huang, Yun Qian, Ye Liu, Cenlin He, Jianyu Zheng, Zhibo Zhang, and Antonis Gkikas
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 15469–15488, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15469-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15469-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Using a clustering method developed in the field of artificial neural networks, we identify four typical dust transport patterns across the Sierra Nevada, associated with the mesoscale and regional-scale wind circulations. Our results highlight the connection between dust transport and dominant weather patterns, which can be used to understand dust transport in a changing climate.
Anbao Zhu, Haiming Xu, Jiechun Deng, Jing Ma, and Shaofeng Hua
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 15425–15447, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15425-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15425-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study demonstrates the instant and delayed effects of biomass burning (BB) aerosols on precipitation over the Indochina Peninsula (ICP). The convection suppression due to the BB aerosol-induced stabilized atmosphere dominates over the favorable water-vapor condition induced by large-scale circulation responses, leading to an overall reduced precipitation in March, while the delayed effect promotes precipitation from early April to mid April due to the anomalous atmospheric circulations.
Wenjie Zhang, Hong Wang, Xiaoye Zhang, Liping Huang, Yue Peng, Zhaodong Liu, Xiao Zhang, and Huizheng Che
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 15207–15221, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15207-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15207-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol–cloud interaction (ACI) is first implemented in the atmospheric chemistry system GRAPES_Meso5.1/CUACE. ACI can improve the simulated cloud, temperature, and precipitation under haze pollution conditions in Jing-Jin-Ji in China. This paper demonstrates the critical role of ACI in current numerical weather prediction over the severely polluted region.
Santeri Tuovinen, Runlong Cai, Veli-Matti Kerminen, Jingkun Jiang, Chao Yan, Markku Kulmala, and Jenni Kontkanen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 15071–15091, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15071-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15071-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We compare observed survival probabilities of atmospheric particles from Beijing, China, with survival probabilities based on analytical formulae and model simulations. We find observed survival probabilities under polluted conditions at smaller sizes to be higher, while at larger sizes they are lower than or similar to theoretical survival probabilities. Uncertainties in condensation sink and growth rate are unlikely to explain higher-than-predicted survival probabilities at smaller sizes.
Stephanie Woodward, Alistair A. Sellar, Yongming Tang, Marc Stringer, Andrew Yool, Eddy Robertson, and Andy Wiltshire
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 14503–14528, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14503-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14503-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We describe the dust scheme in the UKESM1 Earth system model and show generally good agreement with observations. Comparing with the closely related HadGEM3-GC3.1 model, we show that dust differences are not only due to inter-model differences but also to the dust size distribution. Under climate change, HadGEM3-GC3.1 dust hardly changes, but UKESM1 dust decreases because that model includes the vegetation response which, in our models, has a bigger impact on dust than climate change itself.
Yang Yang, Liangying Zeng, Hailong Wang, Pinya Wang, and Hong Liao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 14489–14502, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14489-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14489-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Using an aerosol–climate model, dust pollution in China affected by different spatial and temporal types of El Niño are examined. Both eastern and central Pacific El Niño and short-duration El Niño increase winter dust concentrations over northern China, while long-duration El Niño decreases concentrations. Only long-duration El Niño events can significantly affect dust over China in the following spring. This study has profound implications for air pollution control and dust storm prediction.
Xurong Wang, Qiaoqiao Wang, Maria Prass, Christopher Pöhlker, Daniel Moran-Zuloaga, Paulo Artaxo, Jianwei Gu, Ning Yang, Xiajie Yang, Jiangchuan Tao, Juan Hong, Nan Ma, Yafang Cheng, Hang Su, and Meinrat O. Andreae
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-683, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-683, 2022
Revised manuscript accepted for ACP
Short summary
Short summary
In this work, with optimized particle mass size distribution, we well captured observed AOD and coarse aerosol concentrations over source and/or receptor regions, demonstrating the well performance in simulating the export of African dust towards the Amazon Basin. In addition to the factors controlling the trans-Atlantic transport of African dust, the study also investigated the impact of African dust over the Amazon Basin including the nutrient inputs associated with dust deposition.
Robin Stevens, Andrei Ryjkov, Mahtab Majdzadeh, and Ashu Dastoor
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 13527–13549, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13527-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13527-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Absorbing particles like black carbon can be coated with other matter. How much radiation these particles absorb depends on the coating thickness. The removal of these particles by clouds and rain depends on the coating composition. These effects are important for both climate and air quality. We implement a more detailed representation of these particles in an air quality model which accounts for both coating thickness and composition. We find a significant effect on particle concentrations.
Fan Wang, Gregory R. Carmichael, Jing Wang, Bin Chen, Bo Huang, Yuguo Li, Yuanjian Yang, and Meng Gao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 13341–13353, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13341-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13341-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Unprecedented urbanization in China has led to serious urban heat island (UHI) issues, exerting intense heat stress on urban residents. We find diverse influences of aerosol pollution on urban heat island intensity (UHII) under different circulations. Our results also highlight the role of black carbon in aggravating UHI, especially during nighttime. It could thus be targeted for cooperative management of heat islands and aerosol pollution.
Qianqian Song, Zhibo Zhang, Hongbin Yu, Jasper F. Kok, Claudia Di Biagio, Samuel Albani, Jianyu Zheng, and Jiachen Ding
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 13115–13135, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13115-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13115-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study developed a dataset that enables us to efficiently calculate dust direct radiative effect (DRE, i.e., cooling or warming our planet) for any given dust size distribution in addition to three sets of dust mineral components and two dust shapes. We demonstrate and validate the method of using this dataset to calculate dust DRE. Moreover, using this dataset we found that dust mineral composition is a more important factor in determining dust DRE than dust size and shape.
Eleni Drakaki, Vassilis Amiridis, Alexandra Tsekeri, Antonis Gkikas, Emmanouil Proestakis, Sotirios Mallios, Stavros Solomos, Christos Spyrou, Eleni Marinou, Claire L. Ryder, Demetri Bouris, and Petros Katsafados
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 12727–12748, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12727-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12727-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
State-of-the-art atmospheric dust models have limitations in accounting for a realistic dust size distribution (emission, transport). We modify the parameterization of the mineral dust cycle by including particles with diameter >20 μm, as indicated by observations over deserts. Moreover, we investigate the effects of reduced settling velocities of dust particles. Model results are evaluated using airborne and spaceborne dust measurements above Cabo Verde.
Chenguang Tian, Xu Yue, Jun Zhu, Hong Liao, Yang Yang, Yadong Lei, Xinyi Zhou, Hao Zhou, Yimian Ma, and Yang Cao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 12353–12366, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12353-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12353-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We quantify the impacts of fire aerosols on climate through direct, indirect, and albedo effects. In atmosphere-only simulations, we find global fire aerosols cause surface cooling and rainfall inhibition over many land regions. These fast atmospheric perturbations further lead to a reduction in regional leaf area index and lightning activities. By considering the feedback of fire aerosols on humidity, lightning, and leaf area index, we predict a slight reduction in fire emissions.
Yanxing Wu, Run Liu, Yanzi Li, Junjie Dong, Zhijiong Huang, Junyu Zheng, and Shaw Chen Liu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 11945–11955, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11945-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11945-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Multiple linear regression (MLR) analyses often interpret the correlation coefficient (r2) as the contribution of an independent variable to the dependent variable. Since a good correlation does not imply a causal relationship, we propose that r2 should be interpreted as the maximum possible contribution. Moreover, MLR results are sensitive to the length of time analyzed; long-term analysis gives a more accurate assessment because of its additional constraints.
Mengying Li, Shaocai Yu, Xue Chen, Zhen Li, Yibo Zhang, Zhe Song, Weiping Liu, Pengfei Li, Xiaoye Zhang, Meigen Zhang, Yele Sun, Zirui Liu, Caiping Sun, Jingkun Jiang, Shuxiao Wang, Benjamin N. Murphy, Kiran Alapaty, Rohit Mathur, Daniel Rosenfeld, and John H. Seinfeld
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 11845–11866, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11845-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11845-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study constructed an emission inventory of condensable particulate matter (CPM) in China with a focus on organic aerosols (OAs), based on collected CPM emission information. The results show that OA emissions are enhanced twofold for the years 2014 and 2017 after the inclusion of CPM in the new inventory. Sensitivity cases demonstrated the significant contributions of CPM emissions from stationary combustion and mobile sources to primary, secondary, and total OA concentrations.
Cited articles
Alexander, C., Dowell, D. C., Hu, M., Olson, J., Smirnova, T., Ladwig, T. T., Weygandt, S., Kenyon, J. S., James, E. P., Lin, H., Grell, G. A., Ge, G., Alcott, T., Benjamin, S., Brown, J. M., Toy, M. D., Ahmadov, R., Back, A., Duda, J. D., Smith, M. B., Hamilton, J. A., Jamison, B. D., Jankov, I., and Turner, D. D.: Rapid Refresh (RAP) and High Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR) Model Development, slides from AMS 100th Annual Meeting, 15 January 2020, Boston Convention and Exhibition Center, 252A, available at: https://rapidrefresh.noaa.gov/pdf/Alexander_AMS_NWP_2020.pdf (last access: 12 August 2021), 2020.
Barker, E. H.: A maritime boundary-layer model for the prediction of fog, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 11, 267–294, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02186082, 1977.
Belair, S., Mailhot, J., Girard, C., and Vaillancourt, P.: Boundary layer and shallow cumulus clouds in a medium-range forecast of a large-scale weather system, Mon. Weather Rev., 133, 1938–1960, https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR2958.1, 2005.
Bergot, T.: Modélisation du brouillard à l'aide d'un modèle 1D forcé par des champs mésoéchelle: Application à la prévision, PhD thesis, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France, 192 pp., 1993.
Bergot, T. and Guedalia, D.: Numerical forecasting of radiation fog. Part I: Numerical model and sensitivity tests, Mon. Weather Rev., 122, 1218–1230, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1994)122%3C1218:NFORFP{%}3E2.0.CO;2, 1994.
Bergot, T., Carrer, D., Noilhan, J., and Bougeault, P.: Improved site-specific numerical prediction of fog and low clouds: A feasibility study, Weather Forecast., 20, 627–646, https://doi.org/10.1175/WAF873.1, 2005.
Bergot, T., Terradellas, E., Cuxart, J., Mira, A., Liechti, O., Mueller, M., and Woetmann-Nielsen, N.: Inter comparison of Single-Column Numerical Models for the Prediction of Radiation Fog, J. Appl. Meteorol. Clim., 46, 504–521, https://doi.org/10.1175/JAM2475.1, 2007.
Bott, A. and Trautmann, T.: PAFOG—A new efficient forecast model of radiation fog and low-level stratiform clouds, Atmos. Res., 64, 191–203, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-8095(02)00091-1, 2002.
Bott, A., Sievers, U., and Zdunkowski, W.: A radiation fog model with a detailed treatment of the interaction between radiative transfer and fog microphysics, J. Atmos. Sci., 47, 2153–2166, 1990.
Boudala, F. S., Isaac, G. A., Crawford, R., and Reid, J.: Parameterization of runway visual range as a function of visibility: Implications for numerical weather prediction models, J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 29, 177–191, https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-11-00021.1, 2012.
Boutle, I. A., Finnenkoetter, A., Lock, A. P., and Wells, H.: The London Model: forecasting fog at 333 m resolution, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 142, 360–371, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.2656, 2016.
Boutle, I., Price, J., Kudzotsa, I., Kokkola, H., and Romakkaniemi, S.: Aerosol–fog interaction and the transition to well-mixed radiation fog, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 7827–7840, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-7827-2018, 2018.
Brown, R. and Roach, W. T.: The physics of radiation fog. II. A numerical study, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 102, 335–354, 1976.
Brutsaert, W.: Evaporation into the Atmosphere: Theory, History, and Applications, Springer, Dordrecht, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1497-6, 1982.
Burkard, R., Eugster, W., Wrzesinsky, T., and Klemm, O.: Vertical divergences of fog water fluxes above a spruce forest, Atmos. Res., 64, 133–145, 2002.
Caffrey, P. F., Ondov, J. M., Zufall, M. J., and Davidson, C. I.: Determination of size-dependent dry particle deposition velocities with multiple intrinsic elemental tracers, Environ. Sci. Technol., 32, 1615–22, 1998.
Charnock, H.: Wind stress on a water surface, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 81, 639–640, 1955.
Chen, C., Zhang, M., Perrie, W., Chang, R., Chen, X., Duplessis, P., and Wheeler, M.: Boundary layer parameterizations to simulate fog over Atlantic Canada waters, Earth and Space Science, 7, e2019EA000703, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019EA000703, 2020.
Cheng, L., Chen, Z., Taylor, P., Chen, Y., and Isaac, G.: Fog over Sable Island, https://bulletin.cmos.ca/fog-over-sable-island (last access: 21 June 2021), 2021.
de la Fuente, L., Delage, Y., Desjardines, S., MacAfee, A., Pearson, G., and Ritchie, H.: Can sea fog be inferred from operational GEM forecast fields?, Pure Appl. Geophys, 164, 1303–1325, 2007.
Ducongé, L., Lac, C., Vié, B., Bergot, T., and Price, J. D.: Fog in heterogeneous environments: the relative importance of local and non-local processes on radiative–advective fog formation, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 146, 2522–2546, 2020.
ECMWF: IFS Documentation CY47R1, Part IV: Physical Processes, https://www.ecmwf.int/en/elibrary/19748-part-iv-physical-processes (last access: 25 January 2021), 2020.
Emerson, E. W., Hodshire, A. L., DeBolt, H. M., Bilsback, K. R., Pierce, J. R., McMeeking, J. R., and Farmer, D. K.: Revisiting particle dry deposition and its role in radiative effect estimates, PNAS, 117, 26076–26082, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2014761117, 2020.
Farmer, D. K., Boedicker, E. K., and DeBolt, H. M.: Dry Deposition of Atmospheric Aerosols: Approaches, Observations, and Mechanisms, Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem., 72, 16.1–16.23, 2021.
Fernando, H.., Gultepe, I., Dorman, C., Pardyjak, E., Wang, Q., Hoch, S., Richter, D., Creegan, E., Gabersek, S., Bullock, T., Hocut, C., Chang, R., Alappattu, D., Dimitrova, R., Flagg, D., Grachev, A., Krishnamurthy, R., Singh, D., Lozovatsky, I., Nagare, B. Sharma, A., Wagh, S., Wainwright, C., Wroblewski W., Yamaguchi, R., Bardoel, S., Coppersmith, R. S., Chisholm, N., Gonzalez, E., Gunawardena, N., Hyde, O., Morrison, T., Olson, A., Perelet, A., Perrie, W., Wang, S., and Wauer, B.: C-FOG: Life of Coastal Fog, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 102, E244–E272, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-19-0070.1, 2021.
Forkel, R., Sievers, U., and Zdunkowski, W.: Fog modelling with a new treatment of the chemical equilibrium condition, Contributions to Atmospheric Physics, 60, 340–360, 1987.
Garratt, J. R.: The Atmospheric Boundary layer, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1992.
Gultepe, I., Muller, M. D., and Boybeyi, Z.: A new visibility parametrization for warm fog applications in numerical weather prediction models, J. Appl. Meteorol., 45, 1469–1480, 2006.
Gultepe, I., Pearson, G., Milbrandt J. A., Hansen, B., Platnick, S., Taylor, P., Gordon, M., Oakley, J. P., and Cober, S. G.: The Fog Remote Sensing and Modeling (FRAM) field project, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 90, 341–359, 2009.
Gultepe, I., Milbrandt, J. A., and Zhou, B.: Marine Fog: A Review on Microphysics and Visibility Prediction, in: Marine Fog: Challenges and Advancements in Observations, Modeling and Forecasting, edited by: Koračin, D. and Dorman, C., Springer, 345–394, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45229-6_7, 2017.
Hallett, J. and Christensen, L.: Splash and penetration of drops in water, Journal de Recherches Atmospheriques, 18, 225–242, 1984.
Isaac, G. A. and Hallett, J.: Clouds and Precipitation, in: Encyclopedia of Hydrological Sciences, edited by: Anderson, M., John Wiley & Sons, Ltd,
Hoboken, NJ, 2005.
Isaac, G. A., Bullock, T., Beale, J., and Beale, S.: Characterizing and Predicting Marine Fog Offshore Newfoundland and Labrador, Weather Forecast., 35, 347–365, 2020.
Katata, G.: Fogwater deposition modeling for terrestrial ecosystems: A review of developments and measurements, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 119, 8137–8159. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JD021669, 2014.
Katata, G., Nagai, H., Wrzesinsky, T., Klemm, O., Eugster, W., and Burkard, R.: Development of a land surface model including cloud water deposition on vegetation, J. Appl. Meteorol. Clim., 47, 2129–2146, 2008.
Katata, G., Kajino, M., Hiraki, T., Aikawa, M., Kobayashi, T., and Nagai, H.: A method for simple and accurate estimation of fog deposition in a mountain forest using a meteorological model, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D20102, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD015552, 2011.
Kim, C. K. and Yum, S. S.: A numerical study of sea fog formation over cold sea surface using a one-dimensional turbulence model coupled with the Weather Research and Forecasting Model, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 143, 481–505, 2012.
Kim, W., Yum, S. S., Hong, J., and Song, J. I.: Improvement of Fog Simulation by the Nudging of Meteorological Tower Data in the WRF and PAFOG Coupled Model, Atmosphere, 11, 311, https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11030311, 2020.
Klemm, O., Wrzesinsky, T., and Scheer, C.: Fog water flux at a canopy top: Direct measurement versus one-dimensional model, Atmos. Environ., 39, 5375–5386, 2005.
Koracin, D., Dorman, C., Lewis, J., Hudson, J., Wilcox, E., and Torregrosa, A.: Marine fog: A review, Atmos. Res., 143, 142–175, 2014.
Koračin, D.: Modeling and forecasting marine fog, in: Marine Fog: Challenges and Advancements in Observations, Modeling and Forecasting, edited by: Koračin, D. and Dorman, C., Springer, Cham, Switzerland, 425–475, 2017.
Kunkel, A.: Parameterization of droplet terminal velocity and extinction coefficient in fog models, J. Clim. Appl. Meteorol., 23, 34–41, 1984.
Lin, C., Zhang, Z., Pu, Z., and Wang, F.: Numerical simulations of an advection fog event over Shanghai Pudong International Airport with the WRF model, J. Meteorol. Res.-PRC, 31, 874–889, 2017.
Lovett, G. M.: Rates and mechanisms of cloud water deposition to a subalpine balsam fir forest, Atmos. Environ., 18, 361–371, 1984.
Maronga, B. and Bosveld, F.: Key parameters for the life cycle of nocturnal radiation fog: a comprehensive large-eddy simulation study, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 143, 2463–2480, 2017.
Mazoyer, M., Lac, C., Thouron, O., Bergot, T., Masson, V., and Musson-Genon, L.: Large eddy simulation of radiation fog: impact of dynamics on the fog life cycle, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 13017–13035, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-13017-2017, 2017.
Milbrandt, J. A. and Yau, M. K.: A multimoment bulk microphysics parameterization scheme. Part II: A proposed three-moment closure and scheme description, J. Atmos. Sci., 62, 3065–3081, https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS3535.1, 2005.
Milbrandt, J. A., Bélair, S., Faucher, M., Vallée, M., Carrera, M. L., and Glazer, A.: The Pan-Canadian high resolution (2.5 km) deterministic prediction system, Weather Forecast., 31, 1791–1816, 2016.
Morrison, H., Curry, J. A., and Khvorostyanov, V. I.: A new double-moment microphysics parameterization for application in cloud and climate models. Part I: description, J. Atmos. Sci., 62, 1665–1677, https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS3446.1, 2005.
Morrison, H. and Milbrandt, J. A.: Parameterization of ice microphysics based on the prediction of bulk particle properties. Part I: Scheme description and idealized tests, J. Atmos. Sci., 72, 287–311, https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS-D-14-0065.1, 2015.
Musson-Genon, L.: Numerical simulation of a fog event with a one-dimensional boundary-layer model, Mon. Weather Rev., 115, 29–39, 1987.
Olson, J. B., Kenyon, J. S., Angevine, W. A., Brown, J. M., Pagowski, M., and Suselj, K.: A Description of the MYNN-EDMF Scheme and the Coupling to Other Components in WRF–ARW, NOAA Technical Memorandum OAR GSD, 61, https://doi.org/10.25923/n9wm-be49, 2019.
Pinnick, R., Hoihjelle, D. L., Fernandez, G., Stenmark, E. B., Lindberg, J. D., Hoidale, G. B., and Jennings, S. G.: Vertical structure in atmospheric fog and haze and its effect on visible and infrared extinction, J. Atmos. Sci., 35, 2020–2032, 1978.
Price, J. D., Lane, S., Boutle, I. A., Smith, D. K. E., Bergot, T., Lac, C., Duconge, L., McGregor, J., Kerr-Munslow, A., Pickering, M., and Clark, R.: LANFEX: a field and modeling study to improve our understanding and forecasting of radiation fog, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 99, 2061–2077, 2018.
Qi, J., Yu, Y., Yao, X., Gang, Y., and Gao, H.: Dry deposition fluxes of inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus in atmospheric aerosols over the Marginal Seas and Northwest Pacific, Atmos. Res., 245, 105076, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2020.105076, 2020.
Richter, D. H., MacMillan, T., and Wainwright, C.: A Lagrangian Cloud Model for the Study of Marine Fog, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-020-00595-w, 2021.
Rogers, R. R. and Yau, M. K.: A short course in Cloud Physics, Pergamon, Oxford, 1989.
Schemenauer, R. S. and Cereceda, P.: Fog-Water Collection in Arid Coastal Locations, Ambio, 20, 303–308, 1991.
Sehmel, G. and Sutter, S.: Particle deposition rates on a water surface as a function of particle diameter and air velocity, Rep. BNWL-1850, Battelle Pac. Northwest Labs, Richland, WA, 1974.
Schwenkel, J. and Maronga, B.: Large-eddy simulation of radiation fog with comprehensive two-moment bulk microphysics: impact of different aerosol activation and condensation parameterizations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 7165–7181, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-7165-2019, 2019.
Schwenkel, J. and Maronga, B.: Towards a better representation of fog microphysics in large-eddy simulations based on an embedded Lagrangian cloud model, Atmosphere, 11, 466, https://doi.org/10.3390/ATMOS11050466, 2020.
Shuttleworth, W. J.: The exchange of wind-driven fog and mist between vegetation and the atmosphere, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 12, 463–489, 1977.
Siebert, J., Bott, A., and Zdunkowski, W.: Influence of a vegetation-soil model on the simulation of radiation fog, Contributions to Atmospheric Physics, 65, 93–106, 1992a.
Siebert, J., Sievers, U., and Zdunkowski, W.: A one-dimensional simulation of the interaction between land surface processes and the atmosphere, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 59, 1–34, 1992b.
Skamarock, W. C., Klemp, J. B., Dudhia, J., Gill, D. O., Liu, Z., Berner, J., Wang, W., Powers, J. G., Duda, M. G., Barker, D. M., and Huang, X-Y.: A Description of the Advanced Research WRF Model Version 4.3, NCAR/open Sky, https://doi.org/10.5065/1dfh-6p97, 2021.
Smith, D. K., Renfrew, I. A., Dorling, S. R., Price, J. D., and Boutle, I. A.: Sub-km scale numerical weather prediction model simulations of radiation fog, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 147, 746–763, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3943, 2021.
Stolaki, S., Pytharoulis, I., and Karacostas, T.: A study of fog characteristics using a coupled WRF-COBEL model over Thessaloniki Airport, Greece, Pure Appl. Geophys., 169, 961–981, 2012.
Taylor, G. I.: The formation of fog and mist, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 43, 241–268, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49704318302, 1917.
Taylor, P. A.: Constant Flux Layers with Gravitational Settling: with links to aerosols, fog and deposition velocities over water, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss. [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-594, in review, 2021.
Taylor, P. A., Salmon, J. R., and Stewart, R. E.: Mesoscale observations of surface fronts and low pressure centres in Canadian East Coast winter storms, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 64, 15–54, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00705661, 1993.
Teixeira, J.: Simulation of fog with the ECMWF prognostic cloud scheme, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 125, 529–552, 1999.
Tiedtke, M.: Representation of clouds in large-scale models, Mon. Weather Rev., 121, 3040–3061, 1993.
Wainwright, C. and Richter, D.: Investigating the Sensitivity of Marine Fog to Physical and Microphysical Processes Using Large-Eddy Simulation, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-020-00599-6, 2021.
Williams, R. M.: A model for the dry deposition of particles to natural water surfaces, Atmos. Environ. 16, 1933–1938, 1982.
Wilkinson, J. M., Porson, A. N. F., Bornemann, F. J., Weeks, M., Field, P. R., and Lock, A. P.: Improved microphysical parametrization of drizzle and fog for operational forecasting using the Met Office Unified Model, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 139, 488–500, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.1975, 2013.
WMO: Variable: Meteorological Optical Range (MOR) (surface), https://www.wmo-sat.info/oscar/variables/view/meteorological_optical_range_mor_surface (last access: 4 January 2021), 2020.
Yang, D., Ritchie, H., Desjardins, S., Pearson, G., MacAfee, A., and Gultepe, I.: High-Resolution GEM-LAM Application in Marine Fog Prediction: Evaluation and Diagnosis, Weather Forecast., 25, 727–748, 2010.
Yang, Y. and Gao, S.: The impact of turbulent diffusion driven by fog-top cooling on sea fog development, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 125, e2019JD031562, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD031562, 2020.
Zdunkowski, W. G. and Barr, A. E.: A Radiative-Conductive Model for the Prediction of Radiation Fog, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 3, 152–177, 1972.
Zhang, X., Musson-Genon, L., Dupont, E., Milliez, M., and Carissimo, B.: On the Influence of a Simple Microphysics Parametrization on Radiation Fog Modelling: A Case Study During ParisFog, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 151, 293–315, 2014.
Zhou, B. and Du, J.: Fog Prediction from a Multimodel Mesoscale Ensemble Prediction System, Weather Forecast., 25, 303–322, https://doi.org/10.1175/2009WAF2222289.1, 2010.
Zufall, M. J., Davidson, C. I., Caffrey, P. F., and Ondov, J. M.: Airborne concentrations and dry deposition fluxes of particulate species to surrogate surfaces deployed in southern Lake Michigan, Environ. Sci. Technol., 32, 1623–1628, https://doi.org/10.1021/es9706458, 1998.
Short summary
In marine fog, droplets will impact the water surface, collide and coalesce. This removal process is underestimated or ignored in many fog and weather forecast models. A new atmospheric boundary layer approach is proposed and tested in a standard weather forecast model (Weather Research and Forecasting, WRF). New profile measurements through marine fog layers are suggested.
In marine fog, droplets will impact the water surface, collide and coalesce. This removal...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint