Articles | Volume 15, issue 16
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9455-2015
© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9455-2015
© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Review article
| 
24 Aug 2015
Review article |
| 24 Aug 2015
Observations of atmospheric mercury in China: a critical review
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China
H. Zhang
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China
University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China
University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
X. Wang
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China
University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
C.-J. Lin
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Lamar University, Beaumont, Texas 77710, USA
College of Energy and Environment, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China
Related authors
Hui Zhang, Xuewu Fu, Ben Yu, Baoxin Li, Peng Liu, Guoqing Zhang, Leiming Zhang, and Xinbin Feng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 15847–15859, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15847-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15847-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Our observations of speciated atmospheric mercury at the Waliguan GAW Baseline Observatory show that concentrations of gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) and particulate bound mercury (PBM) were elevated compared to the Northern Hemisphere background. We propose that the major sources of GEM and PBM were mainly related to anthropogenic emissions and desert dust sources. This study highlights that dust-related sources played an important role in the variations of PBM in the Tibetan Plateau.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Xuewu Fu, Chen Liu, Hui Zhang, Yue Xu, Hui Zhang, Jun Li, Xiaopu Lyu, Gan Zhang, Hai Guo, Xun Wang, Leiming Zhang, and Xinbin Feng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 6721–6734, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6721-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6721-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
TGM concentrations and isotopic compositions in 10 Chinese cities showed strong seasonality with higher TGM concentrations and Δ199Hg and lower δ202Hg in summer. We found the seasonal variations in TGM concentrations and isotopic compositions were highly related to regional surface Hg(0) emissions, suggesting land surface Hg(0) emissions are an important source of atmospheric TGM that contribute dominantly to the seasonal variations in TGM concentrations and isotopic compositions.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Francesca Sprovieri, Nicola Pirrone, Mariantonia Bencardino, Francesco D'Amore, Helene Angot, Carlo Barbante, Ernst-Günther Brunke, Flor Arcega-Cabrera, Warren Cairns, Sara Comero, María del Carmen Diéguez, Aurélien Dommergue, Ralf Ebinghaus, Xin Bin Feng, Xuewu Fu, Patricia Elizabeth Garcia, Bernd Manfred Gawlik, Ulla Hageström, Katarina Hansson, Milena Horvat, Jože Kotnik, Casper Labuschagne, Olivier Magand, Lynwill Martin, Nikolay Mashyanov, Thumeka Mkololo, John Munthe, Vladimir Obolkin, Martha Ramirez Islas, Fabrizio Sena, Vernon Somerset, Pia Spandow, Massimiliano Vardè, Chavon Walters, Ingvar Wängberg, Andreas Weigelt, Xu Yang, and Hui Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 2689–2708, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-2689-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-2689-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The results on total mercury (THg) wet deposition flux obtained within the GMOS network have been presented and discussed to understand the atmospheric Hg cycling and its seasonal depositional patterns over the 2011–2015 period. The data set provides new insight into baseline concentrations of THg concentrations in precipitation particularly in regions where wet deposition and atmospheric Hg species were not investigated before, opening the way for additional measurements and modeling studies.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Hui Zhang, Xuewu Fu, Che-Jen Lin, Lihai Shang, Yiping Zhang, Xinbin Feng, and Cynthia Lin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 13131–13148, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-13131-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-13131-2016, 2016
Xuewu Fu, Wei Zhu, Hui Zhang, Jonas Sommar, Ben Yu, Xu Yang, Xun Wang, Che-Jen Lin, and Xinbin Feng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 12861–12873, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-12861-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-12861-2016, 2016
Francesca Sprovieri, Nicola Pirrone, Mariantonia Bencardino, Francesco D'Amore, Francesco Carbone, Sergio Cinnirella, Valentino Mannarino, Matthew Landis, Ralf Ebinghaus, Andreas Weigelt, Ernst-Günther Brunke, Casper Labuschagne, Lynwill Martin, John Munthe, Ingvar Wängberg, Paulo Artaxo, Fernando Morais, Henrique de Melo Jorge Barbosa, Joel Brito, Warren Cairns, Carlo Barbante, María del Carmen Diéguez, Patricia Elizabeth Garcia, Aurélien Dommergue, Helene Angot, Olivier Magand, Henrik Skov, Milena Horvat, Jože Kotnik, Katie Alana Read, Luis Mendes Neves, Bernd Manfred Gawlik, Fabrizio Sena, Nikolay Mashyanov, Vladimir Obolkin, Dennis Wip, Xin Bin Feng, Hui Zhang, Xuewu Fu, Ramesh Ramachandran, Daniel Cossa, Joël Knoery, Nicolas Marusczak, Michelle Nerentorp, and Claus Norstrom
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 11915–11935, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-11915-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-11915-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This work presents atmospheric Hg concentrations recorded within the GMOS global network analyzing Hg measurement results in terms of temporal trends, seasonality and comparability within the network. The over-arching benefit of this coordinated Hg monitoring network would clearly be the production of high-quality measurement datasets on a global scale useful in developing and validating models on different spatial and temporal scales.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Xuewu Fu, Xu Yang, Xiaofang Lang, Jun Zhou, Hui Zhang, Ben Yu, Haiyu Yan, Che-Jen Lin, and Xinbin Feng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 11547–11562, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-11547-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-11547-2016, 2016
Xuewu Fu, Nicolas Marusczak, Lars-Eric Heimbürger, Bastien Sauvage, François Gheusi, Eric M. Prestbo, and Jeroen E. Sonke
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 5623–5639, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-5623-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-5623-2016, 2016
Wei Zhu, Che-Jen Lin, Xun Wang, Jonas Sommar, Xuewu Fu, and Xinbin Feng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 4451–4480, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-4451-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-4451-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Reliable quantification of air-surfaces flux of elemental mercury vapor (Hg0) is crucial for understanding Hg global biogeochemical cycles. In this study, we provide a comprehensive review on the state of science in the atmosphere-surface exchange of elemental Hg. We compiled an up-to-date global observational flux database and discuss the implication of flux data on global Hg budget. The knowledge gap and research needs for future measurements and modeling efforts were discussed.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
X. W. Fu, H. Zhang, C.-J. Lin, X. B. Feng, L. X. Zhou, and S. X. Fang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 1013–1028, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-1013-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-1013-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
This paper is the first to report correlation slopes of GEM/CO, GEM/CO2, GEM/CH4, CH4/CO, CH4/CO2, and CO/CO2 for mainland China, South Asia, the Indochinese Peninsula, and Central Asia, and applied the values to estimate GEM emissions in the four source regions. The estimated Hg0 emissions for mainland China, South Asia, the Indochinese Peninsula, and Central Asia using GEM/CO and GEM/CO2 correlation slopes are in the ranges of 1071-1187, 340-470, 125, and 54-90t, respectively.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Qiang Pu, Bo Meng, Jen-How Huang, Kun Zhang, Jiang Liu, Yurong Liu, Mahmoud A. Abdelhafiz, and Xinbin Feng
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-590, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-590, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study examines the effect of dissolved organic matter (DOM) on microbial mercury (Hg) methylation in paddy soils. It uncovers that DOM regulates Hg methylation mainly through altering core Hg-methylating microbiome composition and boosting the growth of core Hg-methylating microorganisms. The study highlights that in the regulation of methylmercury formation in paddy soils, more attention should be paid to changes in DOM concentration and composition.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Ashu Dastoor, Hélène Angot, Johannes Bieser, Flora Brocza, Brock Edwards, Aryeh Feinberg, Xinbin Feng, Benjamin Geyman, Charikleia Gournia, Yipeng He, Ian M. Hedgecock, Ilia Ilyin, Terry Keating, Jane Kirk, Che-Jen Lin, Igor Lehnherr, Robert Mason, David McLagan, Marilena Muntean, Peter Rafaj, Eric M. Roy, Andrei Ryjkov, Noelle E. Selin, Francesco De Simone, Anne L. Soerensen, Frits Steenhuisen, Oleg Travnikov, Shuxiao Wang, Xun Wang, Simon Wilson, Rosa Wu, Qingru Wu, Yanxu Zhang, Jun Zhou, Wei Zhu, and Scott Zolkos
Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2024-65, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2024-65, 2024
Preprint under review for GMD
Short summary
Short summary
This paper introduces the Multi-Compartment Mercury (Hg) Modeling and Analysis Project (MCHgMAP) aimed to inform the effectiveness evaluations of two multilateral environmental agreements: the Minamata Convention on Mercury and Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution. The experimental design exploits a variety of models (atmospheric, land, oceanic and multi-media mass balance models) to assess the short- and long-term influences of anthropogenic Hg releases in the environment.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Hui Zhang, Xuewu Fu, Ben Yu, Baoxin Li, Peng Liu, Guoqing Zhang, Leiming Zhang, and Xinbin Feng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 15847–15859, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15847-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15847-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Our observations of speciated atmospheric mercury at the Waliguan GAW Baseline Observatory show that concentrations of gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) and particulate bound mercury (PBM) were elevated compared to the Northern Hemisphere background. We propose that the major sources of GEM and PBM were mainly related to anthropogenic emissions and desert dust sources. This study highlights that dust-related sources played an important role in the variations of PBM in the Tibetan Plateau.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Xuewu Fu, Chen Liu, Hui Zhang, Yue Xu, Hui Zhang, Jun Li, Xiaopu Lyu, Gan Zhang, Hai Guo, Xun Wang, Leiming Zhang, and Xinbin Feng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 6721–6734, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6721-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6721-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
TGM concentrations and isotopic compositions in 10 Chinese cities showed strong seasonality with higher TGM concentrations and Δ199Hg and lower δ202Hg in summer. We found the seasonal variations in TGM concentrations and isotopic compositions were highly related to regional surface Hg(0) emissions, suggesting land surface Hg(0) emissions are an important source of atmospheric TGM that contribute dominantly to the seasonal variations in TGM concentrations and isotopic compositions.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Jun Zhou, Zhangwei Wang, Xiaoshan Zhang, Charles T. Driscoll, and Che-Jen Lin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 16117–16133, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-16117-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-16117-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Mercury (Hg) emissions from natural resources have a large uncertainty, which is mainly derived from the forest. A long-term and multiplot (10) study of soil–air fluxes at subtropical and temperate forests was conducted. Forest soils are an important atmospheric Hg source, especially for subtropical forests. The compensation points imply that the atmospheric Hg concentration plays a critical role in inhibiting Hg emissions from the forest floor. Climate change can enhance soil Hg emissions.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Ben Yu, Lin Yang, Linlin Wang, Hongwei Liu, Cailing Xiao, Yong Liang, Qian Liu, Yongguang Yin, Ligang Hu, Jianbo Shi, and Guibin Jiang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 9713–9723, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-9713-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-9713-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We found that Br atoms in the marine boundary layer are the most probable oxidizer that transform gaseous elemental mercury into gaseous oxidized mercury, according to the mercury isotopes in the total gaseous mercury. On the other hand, Br or Cl atoms are not the primary oxidizers that produced oxidized mercury on particles. This study showed that mercury isotopes can provide new evidence that help us to fully understand the transformations of atmospheric mercury.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Jun Zhou, Zhangwei Wang, Xiaoshan Zhang, Charles Driscoll, and Che-Jen Lin
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2019-161, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2019-161, 2019
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
Previous studies showed that Hg emissions from the natural resource exists large uncertainty, which was mainly derived from the forest with a large uncertainty range. Long-term and multi-plot (five) study of soil-air fluxes and the vertical distribution of Hg in a subtropical forest were conducted to reduce the uncertainty. Additionally, The Hg diffusion coefficients (Ds) between soil and atmosphere was investigated, which should provide a foundation for future model development.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Leiming Zhang, Seth Lyman, Huiting Mao, Che-Jen Lin, David A. Gay, Shuxiao Wang, Mae Sexauer Gustin, Xinbin Feng, and Frank Wania
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 9133–9144, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-9133-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-9133-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Future research needs are proposed for improving the understanding of atmospheric mercury cycling. These include refinement of mercury emission estimations, quantification of dry deposition and air–surface exchange, improvement of the treatment of chemical mechanisms in chemical transport models, increase in the accuracy of oxidized mercury measurements, better interpretation of atmospheric mercury chemistry data, and harmonization of network operation.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Oleg Travnikov, Hélène Angot, Paulo Artaxo, Mariantonia Bencardino, Johannes Bieser, Francesco D'Amore, Ashu Dastoor, Francesco De Simone, María del Carmen Diéguez, Aurélien Dommergue, Ralf Ebinghaus, Xin Bin Feng, Christian N. Gencarelli, Ian M. Hedgecock, Olivier Magand, Lynwill Martin, Volker Matthias, Nikolay Mashyanov, Nicola Pirrone, Ramesh Ramachandran, Katie Alana Read, Andrei Ryjkov, Noelle E. Selin, Fabrizio Sena, Shaojie Song, Francesca Sprovieri, Dennis Wip, Ingvar Wängberg, and Xin Yang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 5271–5295, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-5271-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-5271-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The study provides a complex analysis of processes governing Hg fate in the atmosphere involving both measurement data and simulation results of chemical transport models. Evaluation of the model simulations and numerical experiments against observations allows explaining spatial and temporal variations of Hg concentration in the near-surface atmospheric layer and shows possibility of multiple pathways of Hg oxidation occurring concurrently in various parts of the atmosphere.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Francesca Sprovieri, Nicola Pirrone, Mariantonia Bencardino, Francesco D'Amore, Helene Angot, Carlo Barbante, Ernst-Günther Brunke, Flor Arcega-Cabrera, Warren Cairns, Sara Comero, María del Carmen Diéguez, Aurélien Dommergue, Ralf Ebinghaus, Xin Bin Feng, Xuewu Fu, Patricia Elizabeth Garcia, Bernd Manfred Gawlik, Ulla Hageström, Katarina Hansson, Milena Horvat, Jože Kotnik, Casper Labuschagne, Olivier Magand, Lynwill Martin, Nikolay Mashyanov, Thumeka Mkololo, John Munthe, Vladimir Obolkin, Martha Ramirez Islas, Fabrizio Sena, Vernon Somerset, Pia Spandow, Massimiliano Vardè, Chavon Walters, Ingvar Wängberg, Andreas Weigelt, Xu Yang, and Hui Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 2689–2708, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-2689-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-2689-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The results on total mercury (THg) wet deposition flux obtained within the GMOS network have been presented and discussed to understand the atmospheric Hg cycling and its seasonal depositional patterns over the 2011–2015 period. The data set provides new insight into baseline concentrations of THg concentrations in precipitation particularly in regions where wet deposition and atmospheric Hg species were not investigated before, opening the way for additional measurements and modeling studies.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Francesco De Simone, Paulo Artaxo, Mariantonia Bencardino, Sergio Cinnirella, Francesco Carbone, Francesco D'Amore, Aurélien Dommergue, Xin Bin Feng, Christian N. Gencarelli, Ian M. Hedgecock, Matthew S. Landis, Francesca Sprovieri, Noriuki Suzuki, Ingvar Wängberg, and Nicola Pirrone
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 1881–1899, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-1881-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-1881-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Biomass burning (BB) releases of Hg, usually considered to be Hg(0), are a significant global source of atmospheric Hg. However there is experimental evidence that a fraction of this Hg is bound to particulate matter, Hg(P). This modelling study shows how increasing fractions of Hg(P) reduce the availability of Hg to the global pool, raising Hg exposure for those regions characterized by high BB, with implications for the sub-Arctic and also rice-growing areas in South-East Asia.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Hui Zhang, Xuewu Fu, Che-Jen Lin, Lihai Shang, Yiping Zhang, Xinbin Feng, and Cynthia Lin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 13131–13148, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-13131-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-13131-2016, 2016
Xuewu Fu, Wei Zhu, Hui Zhang, Jonas Sommar, Ben Yu, Xu Yang, Xun Wang, Che-Jen Lin, and Xinbin Feng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 12861–12873, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-12861-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-12861-2016, 2016
Francesca Sprovieri, Nicola Pirrone, Mariantonia Bencardino, Francesco D'Amore, Francesco Carbone, Sergio Cinnirella, Valentino Mannarino, Matthew Landis, Ralf Ebinghaus, Andreas Weigelt, Ernst-Günther Brunke, Casper Labuschagne, Lynwill Martin, John Munthe, Ingvar Wängberg, Paulo Artaxo, Fernando Morais, Henrique de Melo Jorge Barbosa, Joel Brito, Warren Cairns, Carlo Barbante, María del Carmen Diéguez, Patricia Elizabeth Garcia, Aurélien Dommergue, Helene Angot, Olivier Magand, Henrik Skov, Milena Horvat, Jože Kotnik, Katie Alana Read, Luis Mendes Neves, Bernd Manfred Gawlik, Fabrizio Sena, Nikolay Mashyanov, Vladimir Obolkin, Dennis Wip, Xin Bin Feng, Hui Zhang, Xuewu Fu, Ramesh Ramachandran, Daniel Cossa, Joël Knoery, Nicolas Marusczak, Michelle Nerentorp, and Claus Norstrom
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 11915–11935, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-11915-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-11915-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This work presents atmospheric Hg concentrations recorded within the GMOS global network analyzing Hg measurement results in terms of temporal trends, seasonality and comparability within the network. The over-arching benefit of this coordinated Hg monitoring network would clearly be the production of high-quality measurement datasets on a global scale useful in developing and validating models on different spatial and temporal scales.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Xuewu Fu, Xu Yang, Xiaofang Lang, Jun Zhou, Hui Zhang, Ben Yu, Haiyu Yan, Che-Jen Lin, and Xinbin Feng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 11547–11562, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-11547-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-11547-2016, 2016
Xun Wang, Che-Jen Lin, Wei Yuan, Jonas Sommar, Wei Zhu, and Xinbin Feng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 11125–11143, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-11125-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-11125-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a mechanistic model for estimating the emission of elemental mercury vapor (Hg0) from natural surfaces in China. The development implements recent advancements in the understanding of air–soil and air–foliage exchange of Hg0 and redox chemistry in soil and on surfaces, incorporates the effects of soil characteristics and landuse changes by agricultural activities, and is examined through a systematic set of sensitivity simulations.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Zhuyun Ye, Huiting Mao, Che-Jen Lin, and Su Youn Kim
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 8461–8478, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-8461-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-8461-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, a state-of-the-art chemical mechanism was incorporated into a box model to investigate the atmospheric Hg cycling in different environments. As a result, for each of the three environments, GOM diurnal cycles of over half the selected cases were reasonably represented by the box model. A realistic model can be a powerful tool, providing important information on atmospheric Hg cycling and implications for policy makers.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Xuewu Fu, Nicolas Marusczak, Lars-Eric Heimbürger, Bastien Sauvage, François Gheusi, Eric M. Prestbo, and Jeroen E. Sonke
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 5623–5639, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-5623-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-5623-2016, 2016
Lei Zhao, Christopher W. N Anderson, Guangle Qiu, Bo Meng, Dingyong Wang, and Xinbin Feng
Biogeosciences, 13, 2429–2440, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2429-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2429-2016, 2016
Wei Zhu, Che-Jen Lin, Xun Wang, Jonas Sommar, Xuewu Fu, and Xinbin Feng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 4451–4480, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-4451-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-4451-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Reliable quantification of air-surfaces flux of elemental mercury vapor (Hg0) is crucial for understanding Hg global biogeochemical cycles. In this study, we provide a comprehensive review on the state of science in the atmosphere-surface exchange of elemental Hg. We compiled an up-to-date global observational flux database and discuss the implication of flux data on global Hg budget. The knowledge gap and research needs for future measurements and modeling efforts were discussed.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Jonas Sommar, Wei Zhu, Lihai Shang, Che-Jen Lin, and Xinbin Feng
Biogeosciences, 13, 2029–2049, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2029-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2029-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
A micrometeorological method (REA) has been implemented to assess the role of cereal crop fields in the North China Plain as a source or sink of elemental mercury vapor (Hg0) during the course of a full year. In combination with chamber measurements under the canopy, the above-canopy REA measurements provided evidence for a balance between Hg0 ground emissions and uptake of Hg0 by the crop foliage, with net emissions prevailing from the ecosystem during the majority of a year.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Lei Zhang, Shuxiao Wang, Qingru Wu, Fengyang Wang, Che-Jen Lin, Leiming Zhang, Mulin Hui, Mei Yang, Haitao Su, and Jiming Hao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 2417–2433, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-2417-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-2417-2016, 2016
W. Zhu, J. Sommar, C.-J. Lin, and X. Feng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 5359–5376, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-5359-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-5359-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Bias and uncertainty in Hg flux measured by micrometeorological methods (MM) and dynamic flux chambers (DFCs) are assessed from two field inter-comparison campaigns.
DFC flux bias follows a diurnal cycle due to modified temperature and radiation balance inside the chamber.
The precision in concentration difference measurements poses critical constraint on obtaining a larger fraction of significant MM flux. Asynchronous sampling impairs flux accuracy under varying atmospheric Hg concentration.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
X. W. Fu, H. Zhang, C.-J. Lin, X. B. Feng, L. X. Zhou, and S. X. Fang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 1013–1028, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-1013-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-1013-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
This paper is the first to report correlation slopes of GEM/CO, GEM/CO2, GEM/CH4, CH4/CO, CH4/CO2, and CO/CO2 for mainland China, South Asia, the Indochinese Peninsula, and Central Asia, and applied the values to estimate GEM emissions in the four source regions. The estimated Hg0 emissions for mainland China, South Asia, the Indochinese Peninsula, and Central Asia using GEM/CO and GEM/CO2 correlation slopes are in the ranges of 1071-1187, 340-470, 125, and 54-90t, respectively.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
H. Zhang, X. W. Fu, C.-J. Lin, X. Wang, and X. B. Feng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 653–665, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-653-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-653-2015, 2015
W. Zhu, J. Sommar, C.-J. Lin, and X. Feng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 685–702, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-685-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-685-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Mercury vapor fluxes measured by the micrometeorological (MM) and dynamic flux chambers (DFCs) methods were compared. Distinct temporal trends existed between MM and DFCs fluxes; the novel chamber method provided net cumulative flux on a level with those derived by MM methods. Statistical analysis indicated that the medians of turbulent fluxes estimated by three MM techniques were not significantly different. Recommendations are given regarding the deployment of Hg flux quantification methods.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
X. Wang, C.-J. Lin, and X. Feng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 6273–6287, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-6273-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-6273-2014, 2014
Related subject area
Subject: Gases | Research Activity: Field Measurements | Altitude Range: Troposphere | Science Focus: Physics (physical properties and processes)
Interannual variations in the Δ(17O) signature of atmospheric CO2 at two mid-latitude sites suggest a close link to stratosphere–troposphere exchange
Atmospheric NH3 in urban Beijing: long-term variations and implications for secondary inorganic aerosol control
How rainfall events modify trace gas mixing ratios in central Amazonia
Uncertainty in continuous ΔCO-based ΔffCO2 estimates derived from 14C flask and bottom-up ΔCO ∕ ΔffCO2 ratios
Dynamical drivers of free-tropospheric ozone increases over equatorial Southeast Asia
Air mass transport to the tropical western Pacific troposphere inferred from ozone and relative humidity balloon observations above Palau
Mixing-layer-height-referenced ozone vertical distribution in the lower troposphere of Chinese megacities: stratification, classification, and meteorological and photochemical mechanisms
Six years of continuous carbon isotope composition measurements of methane in Heidelberg (Germany) – a study of source contributions and comparison to emission inventories
What caused large ozone variabilities in three megacity clusters in eastern China during 2015–2020?
Atmospheric turbulence observed during a fuel-bed-scale low-intensity surface fire
Fingerprints of the COVID-19 economic downturn and recovery on ozone anomalies at high-elevation sites in North America and western Europe
Ozone in the boreal forest in the Alberta Oil Sands Region
Zugspitze ozone 1970–2020: the role of stratosphere–troposphere transport
High sulfur dioxide deposition velocities measured with the flux–gradient technique in a boreal forest in the Alberta Oil Sands Region
Quantification of methane emissions in Hamburg using a network of FTIR spectrometers and an inverse modeling approach
Local-to-regional methane emissions from the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (USCB) quantified using UAV-based atmospheric measurements
Transport pathways of carbon monoxide from Indonesian fire pollution to a subtropical high-altitude mountain site in the western North Pacific
Global warming will largely increase waste treatment CH4 emissions in Chinese megacities: insight from the first city-scale CH4 concentration observation network in Hangzhou, China
Disentangling methane and carbon dioxide sources and transport across the Russian Arctic from aircraft measurements
Airborne glyoxal measurements in the marine and continental atmosphere: comparison with TROPOMI observations and EMAC simulations
Mercury in the free troposphere and bidirectional atmosphere–vegetation exchanges – insights from Maïdo mountain observatory in the Southern Hemisphere tropics
Diurnal variability of atmospheric O2, CO2, and their exchange ratio above a boreal forest in southern Finland
How adequately are elevated moist layers represented in reanalysis and satellite observations?
Quantitative impacts of vertical transport on the long-term trend of nocturnal ozone increase over the Pearl River Delta region during 2006–2019
Factors influencing the temporal variability of atmospheric methane emissions from Upper Silesia coal mines: a case study from the CoMet mission
Enhanced natural releases of mercury in response to the reduction in anthropogenic emissions during the COVID-19 lockdown by explainable machine learning
Temporal variability of tropospheric ozone and ozone profiles in the Korean Peninsula during the East Asian summer monsoon: insights from multiple measurements and reanalysis datasets
Retrieving CH4-emission rates from coal mine ventilation shafts using UAV-based AirCore observations and the genetic algorithm–interior point penalty function (GA-IPPF) model
Measurement report: Atmospheric mercury in a coastal city of Southeast China – inter-annual variations and influencing factors
Tropospheric and stratospheric ozone profiles during the 2019 TROpomi vaLIdation eXperiment (TROLIX-19)
Evaluation of correlated Pandora column NO2 and in situ surface NO2 measurements during GMAP campaign
Transport of substantial stratospheric ozone to the surface by a dying typhoon and shallow convection
Observational constraints on methane emissions from Polish coal mines using a ground-based remote sensing network
Continuous CH4 and δ13CH4 measurements in London demonstrate under-reported natural gas leakage
Long-term fluxes of carbonyl sulfide and their seasonality and interannual variability in a boreal forest
Declines and peaks in NO2 pollution during the multiple waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in the New York metropolitan area
Measurement report: Characterization of uncertainties in fluxes and fuel sulfur content from ship emissions in the Baltic Sea
Limitations of the radon tracer method (RTM) to estimate regional greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions – a case study for methane in Heidelberg
Positive and negative influences of typhoons on tropospheric ozone over southern China
Spatial and temporal variations of CO2 mole fractions observed at Beijing, Xianghe, and Xinglong in North China
The CO2 integral emission by the megacity of St Petersburg as quantified from ground-based FTIR measurements combined with dispersion modelling
Anthropogenic and natural controls on atmospheric δ13C-CO2 variations in the Yangtze River delta: insights from a carbon isotope modeling framework
Quantifying variability, source, and transport of CO in the urban areas over the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau
New methodology shows short atmospheric lifetimes of oxidized sulfur and nitrogen due to dry deposition
Uncertainties in eddy covariance air–sea CO2 flux measurements and implications for gas transfer velocity parameterisations
Convergent evidence for the pervasive but limited contribution of biomass burning to atmospheric ammonia in peninsular Southeast Asia
Concurrent variation in oil and gas methane emissions and oil price during the COVID-19 pandemic
Ozone variability induced by synoptic weather patterns in warm seasons of 2014–2018 over the Yangtze River Delta region, China
Seasonal patterns of atmospheric mercury in tropical South America as inferred by a continuous total gaseous mercury record at Chacaltaya station (5240 m) in Bolivia
A mass-weighted isentropic coordinate for mapping chemical tracers and computing atmospheric inventories
Pharahilda M. Steur, Hubertus A. Scheeren, Gerbrand Koren, Getachew A. Adnew, Wouter Peters, and Harro A. J. Meijer
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 11005–11027, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11005-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11005-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present records of the triple oxygen isotope signature (Δ(17O)) of atmospheric CO2 obtained with laser absorption spectroscopy from two mid-latitude stations. Significant interannual variability is observed in both records. A model sensitivity study suggests that stratosphere–troposphere exchange, which carries high-Δ(17O) CO2 from the stratosphere into the troposphere, causes most of the variability. This makes Δ(17O) a potential tracer for stratospheric intrusions into the troposphere.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Ziru Lan, Xiaoyi Zhang, Weili Lin, Xiaobin Xu, Zhiqiang Ma, Jun Jin, Lingyan Wu, and Yangmei Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 9355–9368, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9355-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9355-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our study examined the long-term trends of atmospheric ammonia in urban Beijing from 2009 to 2020. We found that the trends did not match satellite data or emission estimates, revealing complexities in ammonia sources. While seasonal variations in ammonia were temperature-dependent, daily variations were correlated with water vapor. We also found an increasing contribution of ammonia reduction, emphasizing its importance in mitigating the effects of fine particulate matter in Beijing.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Luiz A. T. Machado, Jürgen Kesselmeier, Santiago Botía, Hella van Asperen, Meinrat O. Andreae, Alessandro C. de Araújo, Paulo Artaxo, Achim Edtbauer, Rosaria R. Ferreira, Marco A. Franco, Hartwig Harder, Sam P. Jones, Cléo Q. Dias-Júnior, Guido G. Haytzmann, Carlos A. Quesada, Shujiro Komiya, Jost Lavric, Jos Lelieveld, Ingeborg Levin, Anke Nölscher, Eva Pfannerstill, Mira L. Pöhlker, Ulrich Pöschl, Akima Ringsdorf, Luciana Rizzo, Ana M. Yáñez-Serrano, Susan Trumbore, Wanda I. D. Valenti, Jordi Vila-Guerau de Arellano, David Walter, Jonathan Williams, Stefan Wolff, and Christopher Pöhlker
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8893–8910, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8893-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8893-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Composite analysis of gas concentration before and after rainfall, during the day and night, gives insight into the complex relationship between trace gas variability and precipitation. The analysis helps us to understand the sources and sinks of trace gases within a forest ecosystem. It elucidates processes that are not discernible under undisturbed conditions and contributes to a deeper understanding of the trace gas life cycle and its intricate interactions with cloud dynamics in the Amazon.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Fabian Maier, Ingeborg Levin, Sébastien Conil, Maksym Gachkivskyi, Hugo Denier van der Gon, and Samuel Hammer
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8205–8223, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8205-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8205-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We assess the uncertainty in continuous fossil fuel carbon dioxide (ffCO2) estimates derived from carbon monoxide (CO) observations and radiocarbon (14CO2) flask measurements from an urban and a rural site. This study provides the basis for using continuous CO-based ffCO2 observations in atmospheric transport inversion frameworks to derive ffCO2 emission estimates. We also compare the flask-based CO / ffCO2 ratios with modeled ratios to validate an emission inventory for central Europe.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Ryan M. Stauffer, Anne M. Thompson, Debra E. Kollonige, Ninong Komala, Habib Khirzin Al-Ghazali, Dian Yudha Risdianto, Ambun Dindang, Ahmad Fairudz bin Jamaluddin, Mohan Kumar Sammathuria, Norazura Binti Zakaria, Bryan J. Johnson, and Patrick D. Cullis
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 5221–5234, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5221-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5221-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
SHADOZ balloon-borne ozone measurements over equatorial Southeast Asia from 1998–2022 reveal that ozone increases during the early months of the year are linked to reduced convective storm activity, which typically redistributes and cleans the atmosphere of ozone. These findings challenge models to replicate the trends produced by the SHADOZ and meteorological observations and emphasize the importance of studying monthly or seasonal instead of annual changes for understanding ozone trends.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Katrin Müller, Peter von der Gathen, and Markus Rex
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 4693–4716, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4693-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4693-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The transport history of tropospheric air masses above the tropical western Pacific is studied by local ozone and relative humidity profile measurements from Palau. A prominent anti-correlation between both tracers separates air masses of different origin and genesis. Back trajectories confirm a local convective origin of the year-round humid ozone-poor background. Anomalously dry ozone-rich air is generated in tropical Asia by pollution and dehydrated during transport via radiative cooling.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Zhiheng Liao, Meng Gao, Jinqiang Zhang, Jiaren Sun, Jiannong Quan, Xingcan Jia, Yubing Pan, and Shaojia Fan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3541–3557, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3541-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3541-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study collected 1897 ozonesondes from two Chinese megacities (Beijing and Hong Kong) in 2000–2022 to investigate the climatological vertical heterogeneity of lower-tropospheric ozone distribution with a mixing-layer-height-referenced (h-referenced) vertical coordinate system. This vertical coordinate system highlighted O3 stratification features existing at the mixing layer–free troposphere interface and provided a better understanding of O3 pollution in urban regions.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Antje Hoheisel and Martina Schmidt
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2951–2969, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2951-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2951-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In Heidelberg, Germany, methane and its stable carbon isotope composition have been measured continuously with a cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) analyser since April 2014. These 6-year time series are analysed with the Keeling plot method for the isotopic composition of the sources, as well as seasonal variations and trends in methane emissions. The source contributions derived from atmospheric measurements were used to evaluate global and regional emission inventories of methane.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Tingting Hu, Yu Lin, Run Liu, Yuepeng Xu, Shanshan Ouyang, Boguang Wang, Yuanhang Zhang, and Shaw Chen Liu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1607–1626, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1607-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1607-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We hypothesize that the cause of the worsening O3 trends in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region, the Yangtze River Delta, and Pearl River Delta from 2015 to 2020 is attributable to the increased occurrence of meteorological conditions of high solar radiation and a positive temperature anomaly under the influence of West Pacific subtropical high, tropical cyclones, and mid–high-latitude wave activities.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Joseph Seitz, Shiyuan Zhong, Joseph J. Charney, Warren E. Heilman, Kenneth L. Clark, Xindi Bian, Nicholas S. Skowronski, Michael R. Gallagher, Matthew Patterson, Jason Cole, Michael T. Kiefer, Rory Hadden, and Eric Mueller
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1119–1142, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1119-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1119-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Atmospheric turbulence affects wildland fire behaviors and heat and smoke transfer. Turbulence data collected during an experimental fire on a 10 m x 10 m densely instrumented burn plot are analyzed, and the results reveal substantial heterogeneity in fire-induced turbulence characteristics across the small plot, which highlights the necessity for coupled atmosphere–fire behavior models to have 1–2 m grid spacing so that adequate simulations of fire behavior and smoke transfer can be achieved.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Davide Putero, Paolo Cristofanelli, Kai-Lan Chang, Gaëlle Dufour, Gregory Beachley, Cédric Couret, Peter Effertz, Daniel A. Jaffe, Dagmar Kubistin, Jason Lynch, Irina Petropavlovskikh, Melissa Puchalski, Timothy Sharac, Barkley C. Sive, Martin Steinbacher, Carlos Torres, and Owen R. Cooper
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 15693–15709, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15693-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15693-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated the impact of societal restriction measures during the COVID-19 pandemic on surface ozone at 41 high-elevation sites worldwide. Negative ozone anomalies were observed for spring and summer 2020 for all of the regions considered. In 2021, negative anomalies continued for Europe and partially for the eastern US, while western US sites showed positive anomalies due to wildfires. IASI satellite data and the Carbon Monitor supported emission reductions as a cause of the anomalies.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Xuanyi Zhang, Mark Gordon, Paul A. Makar, Timothy Jiang, Jonathan Davies, and David Tarasick
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 13647–13664, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13647-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13647-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Measurements of ozone in the atmosphere were made in a forest downwind of oil sands mining and production facilities in northern Alberta. These measurements show that the emissions of other pollutants from oil sands production and processing reduce the amount of ozone in the forest. By using an atmospheric model combined with measurements, we find that the rate at which ozone is absorbed by the forest is lower than typical rates from similar measurements in other forests.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Thomas Trickl, Cédric Couret, Ludwig Ries, and Hannes Vogelmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8403–8427, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8403-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8403-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Downward atmospheric transport from the stratosphere (STT) is the most important natural source of tropospheric ozone. We analyse the stratospheric influence on the long-term series of ozone and carbon monoxide measured on the Zugspitze in the Bavarian Alps (2962 m a.s.l.). Since the 1970s, there has been a pronounced ozone rise that has been ascribed to an increase in STT. We determine the stratospheric influence from the observational data alone (humidity and 7Be).
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Mark Gordon, Dane Blanchard, Timothy Jiang, Paul A. Makar, Ralf M. Staebler, Julian Aherne, Cris Mihele, and Xuanyi Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 7241–7255, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7241-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7241-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Measurements of the gas sulfur dioxide (SO2) were made in a forest downwind of oil sands mining and production facilities in northern Alberta. These measurements tell us the rate at which SO2 is absorbed by the forest. The measured rate is much higher than what is currently used by air quality models, which is supported by a previous study in this region. This suggests that SO2 may have a much shorter lifetime in the atmosphere at this location than currently predicted by models.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Andreas Forstmaier, Jia Chen, Florian Dietrich, Juan Bettinelli, Hossein Maazallahi, Carsten Schneider, Dominik Winkler, Xinxu Zhao, Taylor Jones, Carina van der Veen, Norman Wildmann, Moritz Makowski, Aydin Uzun, Friedrich Klappenbach, Hugo Denier van der Gon, Stefan Schwietzke, and Thomas Röckmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 6897–6922, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6897-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6897-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Large cities emit greenhouse gases which contribute to global warming. In this study, we measured the release of one important green house gas, methane, in Hamburg. Multiple sources that contribute to methane emissions were located and quantified. Methane sources were found to be mainly caused by human activity (e.g., by release from oil and gas refineries). Moreover, potential natural sources have been located, such as the Elbe River and lakes.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Truls Andersen, Zhao Zhao, Marcel de Vries, Jaroslaw Necki, Justyna Swolkien, Malika Menoud, Thomas Röckmann, Anke Roiger, Andreas Fix, Wouter Peters, and Huilin Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 5191–5216, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5191-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5191-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The Upper Silesian Coal Basin, Poland, is one of the hot spots of methane emissions in Europe. Using an uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV), we performed atmospheric measurements of methane concentrations downwind of five ventilation shafts in this region and determined the emission rates from the individual shafts. We found a strong correlation between quantified shaft-averaged emission rates and hourly inventory data, which also allows us to estimate the methane emissions from the entire region.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Saginela Ravindra Babu, Chang-Feng Ou-Yang, Stephen M. Griffith, Shantanu Kumar Pani, Steven Soon-Kai Kong, and Neng-Huei Lin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 4727–4740, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4727-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4727-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In October 2006 and 2015, extensive fire episodes occurred in Indonesia, releasing an enormous amount of CO emissions. By combining in situ and satellite CO measurements and reanalysis products, we reported plausible transport pathways of CO from Indonesia to the Lulin Atmospheric Background Station (LABS; 23.47° N, 120.87° E; 2862 m a.s.l.) in Taiwan. We identified (i) horizontal transport in the free troposphere and (ii) vertical transport through the Hadley circulation.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Cheng Hu, Junqing Zhang, Bing Qi, Rongguang Du, Xiaofei Xu, Haoyu Xiong, Huili Liu, Xinyue Ai, Yiyi Peng, and Wei Xiao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 4501–4520, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4501-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4501-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We build the first city-scale tower-based atmospheric CH4 concentration observation network in China. The a priori total annual anthropogenic CH4 emissions and emissions from waste treatment were overestimated by 36.0 % and 47.1 %, respectively, in Hangzhou. Global warming will largely enhance the CH4 emission factor of waste treatment, which will increase by 17.6 %, 9.6 %, 5.6 % and 4.0 % for Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5, RCP6.0, RCP4.5 and RCP2.6, respectively, by 2100.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Clément Narbaud, Jean-Daniel Paris, Sophie Wittig, Antoine Berchet, Marielle Saunois, Philippe Nédélec, Boris D. Belan, Mikhail Y. Arshinov, Sergei B. Belan, Denis Davydov, Alexander Fofonov, and Artem Kozlov
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 2293–2314, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2293-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2293-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We measured CH4 and CO2 from aircraft over the Russian Arctic. Analyzing our data with the Lagrangian model FLEXPART, we find a sharp east–west gradient in atmospheric composition. Western Siberia is influenced by strong wetland CH4 emissions, deep CO2 gradient from biospheric uptake, and long-range transport from Europe and North America. Eastern flights document less variability. Over the Arctic Ocean, we find a small influence from marine CH4 emissions compatible with reasonable inventories.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Flora Kluge, Tilman Hüneke, Christophe Lerot, Simon Rosanka, Meike K. Rotermund, Domenico Taraborrelli, Benjamin Weyland, and Klaus Pfeilsticker
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 1369–1401, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1369-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1369-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Using airborne glyoxal concentration and vertical column density measurements, vertical profiles are inferred for eight global regions in aged biomass burning plumes and the tropical marine boundary layer. Using TROPOMI observations, an analysis of space- and airborne measurements is performed. A comparison to EMAC simulations shows a general glyoxal underprediction, which points to various missing sources and precursors from anthropogenic activities, biomass burning, and the sea surface.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Alkuin M. Koenig, Olivier Magand, Bert Verreyken, Jerome Brioude, Crist Amelynck, Niels Schoon, Aurélie Colomb, Beatriz Ferreira Araujo, Michel Ramonet, Mahesh K. Sha, Jean-Pierre Cammas, Jeroen E. Sonke, and Aurélien Dommergue
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 1309–1328, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1309-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1309-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The global distribution of mercury, a potent neurotoxin, depends on atmospheric transport, chemistry, and interactions between the Earth’s surface and the air. Our understanding of these processes is still hampered by insufficient observations. Here, we present new data from a mountain observatory in the Southern Hemisphere. We give insights into mercury concentrations in air masses coming from aloft, and we show that tropical mountain vegetation may be a daytime source of mercury to the air.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Kim A. P. Faassen, Linh N. T. Nguyen, Eadin R. Broekema, Bert A. M. Kers, Ivan Mammarella, Timo Vesala, Penelope A. Pickers, Andrew C. Manning, Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, Harro A. J. Meijer, Wouter Peters, and Ingrid T. Luijkx
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 851–876, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-851-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-851-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The exchange ratio (ER) between atmospheric O2 and CO2 provides a useful tracer for separately estimating photosynthesis and respiration processes in the forest carbon balance. This is highly relevant to better understand the expected biosphere sink, which determines future atmospheric CO2 levels. We therefore measured O2, CO2, and their ER above a boreal forest in Finland and investigated their diurnal behaviour for a representative day, and we show the most suitable way to determine the ER.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Marc Prange, Stefan A. Buehler, and Manfred Brath
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 725–741, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-725-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-725-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the representation of elevated moist layers (EMLs) in two satellite retrieval products and ERA5 reanalysis. EMLs occur in the vicinity of tropical convective storms and are thought to have an impact on their evolution through radiative heating. We provide a first dedicated assessment of EMLs in long-term data products in terms of moist layer strength, vertical thickness and altitude by comparing to collocated radiosondes over the western Pacific, a region where EMLs often occur.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Yongkang Wu, Weihua Chen, Yingchang You, Qianqian Xie, Shiguo Jia, and Xuemei Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 453–469, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-453-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-453-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Relying on observed and simulated data, we determine the spatiotemporal characteristics of nocturnal O3 increase (NOI) events in the Pearl River Delta region during 2006–2019. Low-level jets and convective storms are the main meteorological processes causing NOI. Daytime O3 is another essential influencing factor. More importantly, a more prominent role of meteorological processes in NOI has been demonstrated. Our study highlights the important role of meteorology in nocturnal O3 pollution.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Justyna Swolkień, Andreas Fix, and Michał Gałkowski
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 16031–16052, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-16031-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-16031-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Determination of emissions from coal mines on a local scale requires instantaneous data. We analysed temporal emission data for ventilation shafts and factors influencing their variability. They were saturation of the seams with methane, the permeability of the rock mass, and coal output. The data for the verification should reflect the actual values of emissions from point sources. It is recommended to achieve this by using a standardised emission measurement system for all coal mines.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Xiaofei Qin, Shengqian Zhou, Hao Li, Guochen Wang, Cheng Chen, Chengfeng Liu, Xiaohao Wang, Juntao Huo, Yanfen Lin, Jia Chen, Qingyan Fu, Yusen Duan, Kan Huang, and Congrui Deng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 15851–15865, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15851-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15851-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Using artificial neural network modeling and an explainable analysis approach, natural surface emissions (NSEs) were identified as a main driver of gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) variations during the COVID-19 lockdown. A sharp drop in GEM concentrations due to a significant reduction in anthropogenic emissions may disrupt the surface–air exchange balance of Hg, leading to increases in NSEs. This implies that NSEs may pose challenges to the future control of Hg pollution.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Juseon Bak, Eun-Ji Song, Hyo-Jung Lee, Xiong Liu, Ja-Ho Koo, Joowan Kim, Wonbae Jeon, Jae-Hwan Kim, and Cheol-Hee Kim
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 14177–14187, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14177-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14177-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Our study investigates the temporal variations of ozone profiles at Pohang in the Korean Peninsula from multiple ozone products. We discuss the quantitative relationships between daily surface measurements and key meteorological variables, different seasonality of ozone between the troposphere and stratosphere, and interannual changes in the lower tropospheric ozone, linked by the weather pattern driven by the East Asian summer monsoon.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Tianqi Shi, Zeyu Han, Ge Han, Xin Ma, Huilin Chen, Truls Andersen, Huiqin Mao, Cuihong Chen, Haowei Zhang, and Wei Gong
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 13881–13896, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13881-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13881-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
CH4 works as the second-most important greenhouse gas, its reported emission inventories being far less than CO2. In this study, we developed a self-adjusted model to estimate the CH4 emission rate from strong point sources by the UAV-based AirCore system. This model would reduce the uncertainty in CH4 emission rate quantification accrued by errors in measurements of wind and concentration. Actual measurements on Pniówek coal demonstrate the high accuracy and stability of our developed model.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Jiayan Shi, Yuping Chen, Lingling Xu, Youwei Hong, Mengren Li, Xiaolong Fan, Liqian Yin, Yanting Chen, Chen Yang, Gaojie Chen, Taotao Liu, Xiaoting Ji, and Jinsheng Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 11187–11202, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11187-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11187-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) was observed in Southeast China over the period 2012–2020. The observed GEM concentrations showed no distinct inter-annual variation trends. The interpretation rate of transportation and meteorology on GEM variations displayed an increasing trend. In contrast, anthropogenic emissions have shown a decreasing interpretation rate since 2012, indicating the effectiveness of emission mitigation measures in reducing GEM concentrations in the study region.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
John T. Sullivan, Arnoud Apituley, Nora Mettig, Karin Kreher, K. Emma Knowland, Marc Allaart, Ankie Piters, Michel Van Roozendael, Pepijn Veefkind, Jerry R. Ziemke, Natalya Kramarova, Mark Weber, Alexei Rozanov, Laurence Twigg, Grant Sumnicht, and Thomas J. McGee
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 11137–11153, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11137-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11137-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) validation campaign (TROLIX-19) was held in the Netherlands in September 2019. The research presented here focuses on using ozone lidars from NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center to better evaluate the characterization of ozone throughout TROLIX-19 as compared to balloon-borne, space-borne and ground-based passive measurements, as well as a global coupled chemistry meteorology model.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Lim-Seok Chang, Donghee Kim, Hyunkee Hong, Deok-Rae Kim, Jeong-Ah Yu, Kwangyul Lee, Hanlim Lee, Daewon Kim, Jinkyu Hong, Hyun-Young Jo, and Cheol-Hee Kim
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 10703–10720, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10703-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10703-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Our study explored the synergy of combined column and surface measurements during GMAP (GEMS Map of Air Pollution) campaign. It has several points to note for vertical distribution analysis. Particularly under prevailing local wind meteorological conditions, Pandora-based vertical structures sometimes showed negative correlations between column and surface measurements. Vertical analysis should be done carefully in some local meteorological conditions when employing either surface or columns.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Zhixiong Chen, Jane Liu, Xiushu Qie, Xugeng Cheng, Yukun Shen, Mengmiao Yang, Rubin Jiang, and Xiangke Liu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 8221–8240, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8221-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8221-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A vigorous surface ozone surge event of stratospheric origin occurred in the North China Plain at night. Surface ozone concentrations were 40–50 ppbv higher than the corresponding monthly mean, whereas surface carbon monoxide concentrations declined abruptly, which confirmed the direct stratospheric intrusions to the surface. We further addressed the notion that a combined effect of the dying typhoon and mesoscale convective systems was responsible for this vigorous ozone surge.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Andreas Luther, Julian Kostinek, Ralph Kleinschek, Sara Defratyka, Mila Stanisavljević, Andreas Forstmaier, Alexandru Dandocsi, Leon Scheidweiler, Darko Dubravica, Norman Wildmann, Frank Hase, Matthias M. Frey, Jia Chen, Florian Dietrich, Jarosław Nȩcki, Justyna Swolkień, Christoph Knote, Sanam N. Vardag, Anke Roiger, and André Butz
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 5859–5876, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5859-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5859-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Coal mining is an extensive source of anthropogenic methane emissions. In order to reduce and mitigate methane emissions, it is important to know how much and where the methane is emitted. We estimated coal mining methane emissions in Poland based on atmospheric methane measurements and particle dispersion modeling. In general, our emission estimates suggest higher emissions than expected by previous annual emission reports.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Eric Saboya, Giulia Zazzeri, Heather Graven, Alistair J. Manning, and Sylvia Englund Michel
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 3595–3613, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3595-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3595-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Continuous measurements of atmospheric methane concentrations and its carbon-13 isotope have been made in central London since early 2018. These measurements were used to evaluate methane emissions reported in global and UK-specific emission inventories for the London area. Compared to atmospheric methane measurements from March 2018 to October 2020, both inventories are under-reporting natural gas leakage for the London area.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Timo Vesala, Kukka-Maaria Kohonen, Linda M. J. Kooijmans, Arnaud P. Praplan, Lenka Foltýnová, Pasi Kolari, Markku Kulmala, Jaana Bäck, David Nelson, Dan Yakir, Mark Zahniser, and Ivan Mammarella
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 2569–2584, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2569-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2569-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Carbonyl sulfide (COS) provides new insights into carbon cycle research. We present an easy-to-use flux parameterization and the longest existing time series of forest–atmosphere COS exchange measurements, which allow us to study both seasonal and interannual variability. We observed only uptake of COS by the forest on an annual basis, with 37 % variability between years. Upscaling the boreal COS uptake using a biosphere model indicates a significant missing COS sink at high latitudes.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Maria Tzortziou, Charlotte F. Kwong, Daniel Goldberg, Luke Schiferl, Róisín Commane, Nader Abuhassan, James J. Szykman, and Lukas C. Valin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 2399–2417, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2399-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2399-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The COVID-19 pandemic created an extreme natural experiment in which sudden changes in human behavior significantly impacted urban air quality. Using a combination of model, satellite, and ground-based data, we examine the impact of multiple waves and phases of the pandemic on atmospheric nitrogen pollution in the New York metropolitan area, and address the role of weather as a key driver of high pollution episodes observed even during – and despite – the stringent early lockdowns.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Jari Walden, Liisa Pirjola, Tuomas Laurila, Juha Hatakka, Heidi Pettersson, Tuomas Walden, Jukka-Pekka Jalkanen, Harri Nordlund, Toivo Truuts, Miika Meretoja, and Kimmo K. Kahma
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 18175–18194, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-18175-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-18175-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Ship emissions play an important role in the deposition of gaseous compounds and nanoparticles (Ntot), affecting climate, human health (especially in coastal areas), and eutrophication. Micrometeorological methods showed that ship emissions were mainly responsible for the deposition of Ntot, whereas they only accounted for a minor proportion of CO2 deposition. An uncertainty analysis applied to the fluxes and fuel sulfur content results demonstrated the reliability of the results.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Ingeborg Levin, Ute Karstens, Samuel Hammer, Julian DellaColetta, Fabian Maier, and Maksym Gachkivskyi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 17907–17926, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17907-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17907-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The radon tracer method is applied to atmospheric methane and radon observations from the upper Rhine valley to independently estimate methane emissions from the region. Comparison of our top-down results with bottom-up inventory data requires high-resolution footprint modelling and representative radon flux data. In agreement with inventories, observed emissions decreased, but only until 2005. A limitation of this method is that point-source emissions are not captured or not fully captured.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Zhixiong Chen, Jane Liu, Xugeng Cheng, Mengmiao Yang, and Hong Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 16911–16923, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16911-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16911-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Using a large ensemble of typhoons, we investigate the impacts of evolving typhoons on tropospheric ozone and address the linkages between typhoon-affected meteorological conditions and ozone variations. The influences of typhoon-induced stratospheric intrusions on lower-troposphere ozone are also quantified. Thus, the results obtained in this study have important implications for a full understanding of the multifaced roles of typhoons in modulating tropospheric ozone variation.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Yang Yang, Minqiang Zhou, Ting Wang, Bo Yao, Pengfei Han, Denghui Ji, Wei Zhou, Yele Sun, Gengchen Wang, and Pucai Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 11741–11757, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11741-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11741-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study introduces the in situ CO2 measurement system installed in Beijing (urban), Xianghe (suburban), and Xinglong (rural) in North China for the first time. The spatial and temporal variations in CO2 mole fractions at the three sites between June 2018 and April 2020 are discussed on both seasonal and diurnal scales.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Dmitry V. Ionov, Maria V. Makarova, Frank Hase, Stefani C. Foka, Vladimir S. Kostsov, Carlos Alberti, Thomas Blumenstock, Thorsten Warneke, and Yana A. Virolainen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 10939–10963, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10939-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10939-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Megacities are a significant source of emissions of various substances in the atmosphere, including carbon dioxide, which is the most important anthropogenic greenhouse gas. In 2019–2020, the Emission Monitoring Mobile Experiment was carried out in St Petersburg, which is the second-largest industrial city in Russia. The results of this experiment, coupled with numerical modelling, helped to estimate the amount of CO2 emitted by the city. This value was twice as high as predicted.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Cheng Hu, Jiaping Xu, Cheng Liu, Yan Chen, Dong Yang, Wenjing Huang, Lichen Deng, Shoudong Liu, Timothy J. Griffis, and Xuhui Lee
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 10015–10037, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10015-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10015-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Seventy percent of global CO2 emissions were emitted from urban landscapes. The Yangtze River delta (YRD) ranks as one of the most densely populated regions in the world and is an anthropogenic CO2 hotspot. Besides anthropogenic factors, natural ecosystems and croplands act as significant CO2 sinks and sources. Independent quantification of the fossil and cement CO2 emission and assessment of their impact on atmospheric δ13C-CO2 have potential to improve our understanding of urban CO2 cycling.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Youwen Sun, Hao Yin, Yuan Cheng, Qianggong Zhang, Bo Zheng, Justus Notholt, Xiao Lu, Cheng Liu, Yuan Tian, and Jianguo Liu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 9201–9222, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-9201-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-9201-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We quantified the variability, source, and transport of urban CO over the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau (HTP) by using measurement, model simulation, and the analysis of meteorological fields. Urban CO over the HTP is dominated by anthropogenic and biomass burning emissions from local, South Asia and East Asia, and oxidation sources. The decreasing trends in surface CO since 2015 in most cities over the HTP are attributed to the reduction in local and transported CO emissions in recent years.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Katherine Hayden, Shao-Meng Li, Paul Makar, John Liggio, Samar G. Moussa, Ayodeji Akingunola, Robert McLaren, Ralf M. Staebler, Andrea Darlington, Jason O'Brien, Junhua Zhang, Mengistu Wolde, and Leiming Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 8377–8392, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8377-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8377-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a method using aircraft measurements to determine lifetimes with respect to dry deposition for oxidized sulfur and nitrogen compounds over the boreal forest in Alberta, Canada. Atmospheric lifetimes were significantly shorter than derived from chemical transport models with differences related to modelled dry deposition velocities. The shorter lifetimes suggest models need to reassess dry deposition treatment and predictions of sulfur and nitrogen in the atmosphere and ecosystems.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Yuanxu Dong, Mingxi Yang, Dorothee C. E. Bakker, Vassilis Kitidis, and Thomas G. Bell
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 8089–8110, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8089-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8089-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Eddy covariance (EC) is the most direct method for measuring air–sea CO2 flux from ships. However, uncertainty in EC air–sea CO2 fluxes has not been well quantified. Here we show that with the state-of-the-art gas analysers, instrumental noise no longer contributes significantly to the CO2 flux uncertainty. Applying an appropriate averaging timescale (1–3 h) and suitable air–sea CO2 fugacity threshold (at least 20 µatm) to EC flux data enables an optimal analysis of the gas transfer velocity.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Yunhua Chang, Yan-Lin Zhang, Sawaeng Kawichai, Qian Wang, Martin Van Damme, Lieven Clarisse, Tippawan Prapamontol, and Moritz F. Lehmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 7187–7198, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7187-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7187-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we integrated satellite constraints on atmospheric NH3 levels and fire intensity, discrete NH3 concentration measurement, and N isotopic analysis of NH3 in order to assess the regional-scale contribution of biomass burning to ambient atmospheric NH3 in the heartland of Southeast Asia. The combined approach provides a valuable cross-validation framework for source apportioning of NH3 in the lower atmosphere and will thus help to ameliorate predictions of biomass burning emissions.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
David R. Lyon, Benjamin Hmiel, Ritesh Gautam, Mark Omara, Katherine A. Roberts, Zachary R. Barkley, Kenneth J. Davis, Natasha L. Miles, Vanessa C. Monteiro, Scott J. Richardson, Stephen Conley, Mackenzie L. Smith, Daniel J. Jacob, Lu Shen, Daniel J. Varon, Aijun Deng, Xander Rudelis, Nikhil Sharma, Kyle T. Story, Adam R. Brandt, Mary Kang, Eric A. Kort, Anthony J. Marchese, and Steven P. Hamburg
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 6605–6626, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6605-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6605-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The Permian Basin (USA) is the world’s largest oil field. We use tower- and aircraft-based approaches to measure how methane emissions in the Permian Basin changed throughout 2020. In early 2020, 3.3 % of the region’s gas was emitted; then in spring 2020, the loss rate temporarily dropped to 1.9 % as oil price crashed. We find this short-term reduction to be a result of reduced well development, less gas flaring, and fewer abnormal events despite minimal reductions in oil and gas production.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Da Gao, Min Xie, Jane Liu, Tijian Wang, Chaoqun Ma, Haokun Bai, Xing Chen, Mengmeng Li, Bingliang Zhuang, and Shu Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 5847–5864, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5847-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5847-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
O3 has been increasing in recent years over the Yangtze River Delta region of China and is closely associated with dominant weather systems. Still, the study on the impact of changes in synoptic weather patterns (SWPs) on O3 variation is quite limited. This work aims to reveal the unique features of changes in each SWP under O3 variation and quantifies the effects of meteorological conditions on O3 variation. Our findings could be helpful in strategy planning for O3 pollution control.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Alkuin Maximilian Koenig, Olivier Magand, Paolo Laj, Marcos Andrade, Isabel Moreno, Fernando Velarde, Grover Salvatierra, René Gutierrez, Luis Blacutt, Diego Aliaga, Thomas Reichler, Karine Sellegri, Olivier Laurent, Michel Ramonet, and Aurélien Dommergue
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 3447–3472, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3447-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3447-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The environmental cycling of atmospheric mercury, a harmful global contaminant, is still not sufficiently constrained, partly due to missing data in remote regions. Here, we address this issue by presenting 20 months of atmospheric mercury measurements, sampled in the Bolivian Andes. We observe a significant seasonal pattern, whose key features we explore. Moreover, we deduce ratios to constrain South American biomass burning mercury emissions and the mercury uptake by the Amazon rainforest.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Yuming Jin, Ralph F. Keeling, Eric J. Morgan, Eric Ray, Nicholas C. Parazoo, and Britton B. Stephens
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 217–238, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-217-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-217-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We propose a new atmospheric coordinate (Mθe) based on equivalent potential temperature (θe) but with mass as the unit. This coordinate is useful in studying the spatial and temporal distribution of long-lived chemical tracers (CO2, CH4, O2 / N2, etc.) from sparse data, like airborne observation. Using this coordinate and sparse airborne observation (HIPPO and ATom), we resolve the Northern Hemisphere mass-weighted average CO2 seasonal cycle with high accuracy.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Cited articles
AMAP/UNEP: Technical Background Report for the Global Mercury Assessment 2013, Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme, Oslo, Norway/UNEP Chemicals Branch, Geneva, Switzerland, 1–263, 2013.
Ambrose, J. L., Lyman, S. N., Huang, J. Y., Gustin, M. S., and Jaffe, D. A.: Fast Time Resolution Oxidized Mercury Measurements during the Reno Atmospheric Mercury Intercomparison Experiment (RAMIX), Environ. Sci. Technol., 47, 7285–7294, https://doi.org/10.1021/Es303916v, 2013.
Amos, H. M., Jacob, D. J., Holmes, C. D., Fisher, J. A., Wang, Q., Yantosca, R. M., Corbitt, E. S., Galarneau, E., Rutter, A. P., Gustin, M. S., Steffen, A., Schauer, J. J., Graydon, J. A., Louis, V. L. St., Talbot, R. W., Edgerton, E. S., Zhang, Y., and Sunderland, E. M.: Gas-particle partitioning of atmospheric Hg(II) and its effect on global mercury deposition, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 591–603, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-591-2012, 2012.
An, Z. S.: The history and variability of the East Asian paleomonsoon climate, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 19, 171–187, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-3791(99)00060-8, 2000.
Brooks, S., Luke, W., Cohen, M., Kelly, P., Lefer, B., and Rappengluck, B.: Mercury species measured atop the Moody Tower TRAMP site, Houston, Texas, Atmos. Environ., 44, 4045–4055, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.02.009, 2010.
Burrows, J. P., Weber, M., Buchwitz, M., Rozanov, V., Ladstatter-Weissenmayer, A., Richter, A., DeBeek, R., Hoogen, R., Bramstedt, K., Eichmann, K. U., and Eisinger, M.: The global ozone monitoring experiment (GOME): Mission concept and first scientific results, J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 151–175, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1999)056< 0151:Tgomeg> 2.0.Co; 2, 1999.
Chen, L. G., Liu, M., Xu, Z. C., Fan, R. F., Tao, J., Chen, D. H., Zhang, D. Q., Xie, D. H., and Sun, J. R.: Variation trends and influencing factors of total gaseous mercury in the Pearl River Delta-A highly industrialised region in South China influenced by seasonal monsoons, Atmos. Environ., 77, 757–766, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.05.053, 2013.
Choi, E. M., Kim, S. H., Holsen, T. M., and Yi, S. M.: Total gaseous concentrations in mercury in Seoul, Korea: Local sources compared to long-range transport from China and Japan, Environ. Pollut., 157, 816–822, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2008.11.023, 2009.
Choi, H. D., Sharac, T. J., and Holsen, T. M.: Mercury deposition in the Adirondacks: A comparison between precipitation and throughfall, Atmos. Environ., 42, 1818–1827, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.11.036, 2008.
Ci, Z. J., Zhang, X. S., Wang, Z. W., and Niu, Z. C.: Atmospheric gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) over a coastal/rural site downwind of East China: Temporal variation and long-range transport, Atmos. Environ., 45, 2480–2487, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.02.043, 2011a.
Ci, Z. J., Zhang, X. S., Wang, Z. W., Niu, Z. C., Diao, X. Y., and Wang, S. W.: Distribution and air-sea exchange of mercury (Hg) in the Yellow Sea, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 2881–2892, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-2881-2011, 2011b.
Cole, A. S., Steffen, A., Pfaffhuber, K. A., Berg, T., Pilote, M., Poissant, L., Tordon, R., and Hung, H.: Ten-year trends of atmospheric mercury in the high Arctic compared to Canadian sub-Arctic and mid-latitude sites, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 1535–1545, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-1535-2013, 2013.
Cui, L. W., Feng, X. B., Lin, C. J., Wang, X. M., Meng, B., Wang, X., and Wang, H.: Accumulation and Translocation of (198)Hg in Four Crop Species, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 33, 334–340, https://doi.org/10.1002/Etc.2443, 2014.
Demers, J. D., Driscoll, C. T., Fahey, T. J., and Yavitt, J. B.: Mercury cycling in litter and soil in different forest types in the Adirondack region, New York, USA, Ecol. Appl., 17, 1341–1351, https://doi.org/10.1890/06-1697.1, 2007.
Dommergue, A., Ferrari, C. P., Planchon, F. A. M., and Boutron, C. F.: Influence of anthropogenic sources on total gaseous mercury variability in grenoble suburban air (France), Sci. Total Environ., 297, 203–213, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(02)00133-X, 2002.
Dommergue, A., Sprovieri, F., Pirrone, N., Ebinghaus, R., Brooks, S., Courteaud, J., and Ferrari, C. P.: Overview of mercury measurements in the Antarctic troposphere, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 3309–3319, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-3309-2010, 2010.
Dou, H. Y., Wang, S. X., Wang, L., Zhang, L., and Hao, J. M.: Characteristics of total gaseous mercury concentrations at a rural site of Yangtze Delta, China, Environ. Sci., 34, 1–7, 2013 (in Chinese).
Driscoll, C. T., Mason, R. P., Chan, H. M., Jacob, D. J., and Pirrone, N.: Mercury as a Global Pollutant: Sources, Pathways, and Effects, Environ. Sci. Technol., 47, 4967–4983, https://doi.org/10.1021/Es305071v, 2013.
Duan, X. Q. and Yang, H.: Pollutions of tmospheric partilucated mercury in urban Lanzhou, Environ. Monitor. Technol., 7, 19–20, 1995 (in Chinese).
Durnford, D., Dastoor, A., Figueras-Nieto, D., and Ryjkov, A.: Long range transport of mercury to the Arctic and across Canada, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 6063–6086, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-6063-2010, 2010.
Ebinghaus, R., Jennings, S. G., Schroeder, W. H., Berg, T., Donaghy, T., Guentzel, J., Kenny, C., Kock, H. H., Kvietkus, K., Landing, W., Muhleck, T., Munthe, J., Prestbo, E. M., Schneeberger, D., Slemr, F., Sommar, J., Urba, A., Wallschlager, D., and Xiao, Z.: International field intercomparison measurements of atmospheric mercury species at Mace Head, Ireland, Atmos. Environ., 33, 3063–3073, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(98)00119-8, 1999.
Ebinghaus, R., Kock, H. H., Coggins, A. M., Spain, T. G., Jennings, S. G., and Temme, C.: Long-term measurements of atmospheric mercury at Mace Head, Irish west coast, between 1995 and 2001, Atmos. Environ., 36, 5267–5276, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00691-X, 2002.
Engle, M. A., Tate, M. T., Krabbenhoft, D. P., Schauer, J. J., Kolker, A., Shanley, J. B., and Bothner, M. H.: Comparison of atmospheric mercury speciation and deposition at nine sites across central and eastern North America, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 115, D18306, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010jd014064, 2010.
Faïn, X., Obrist, D., Hallar, A. G., Mccubbin, I., and Rahn, T.: High levels of reactive gaseous mercury observed at a high elevation research laboratory in the Rocky Mountains, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 8049–8060, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-8049-2009, 2009.
Fang, F. M., Wang, Q. C., and Li, J. F.: Urban environmental mercury in Changchun, a metropolitan city in Northeastern China: source, cycle, and fate, Sci. Total Environ., 330, 159–170, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.04.006, 2004.
Feng, X. B., Shang, L. H., Wang, S. F., Tang, S. L., and Zheng, W.: Temporal variation of total gaseous mercury in the air of Guiyang, China, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 109, D03303, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003jd004159, 2004.
Feng, X. B., Wang, S. F., Qiu, G. A., Hou, Y. M., and Tang, S. L.: Total gaseous mercury emissions from soil in Guiyang, Guizhou, China, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 110, D14306, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004jd005643, 2005.
Fisher, L. S. and Wolfe, M. H.: Examination of mercury inputs by throughfall and litterfall in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Atmos. Environ., 47, 554–559, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.10.017, 2012.
Frescholtz, T. F., Gustin, M. S., Schorran, D. E., and Fernandez, G. C. J.: Assessing the source of mercury in foliar tissue of quaking aspen, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 22, 2114–2119, https://doi.org/10.1897/1551-5028(2003)022< 2114:Atsomi> 2.0.Co; 2, 2003.
Friedli, H. R., Radke, L. F., Prescott, R., Li, P., Woo, J. H., and Carmichael, G. R.: Mercury in the atmosphere around Japan, Korea, and China as observed during the 2001 ACE-Asia field campaign: Measurements, distributions, sources, and implications, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 109, D19s25, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003jd004244, 2004.
Friedli, H. R., Arellano Jr., A. F., Geng, F., Cai, C., and Pan, L.: Measurements of atmospheric mercury in Shanghai during September 2009, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 3781–3788, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-3781-2011, 2011.
Fu, X. W. and Feng, X. B.: Variations of atmospheric total gaseous mercury concentrations for the sampling campaigns of 2001/2002 and 2009/2010 and implications of changes in regional emissions of atmospheric mercury, Bull Miner Petr Geochem, 34, 242–249, 2015 (in Chinese).
Fu, X. W., Feng, X. B., Zhu, W. Z., Wang, S. F., and Lu, J. L.: Total gaseous mercury concentrations in ambient air in the eastern slope of Mt. Gongga, South-Eastern fringe of the Tibetan plateau, China, Atmos. Environ., 42, 970–979, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.10.018, 2008a.
Fu, X. W., Feng, X. B., Zhu, W. Z., Zheng, W., Wang, S. F., and Lu, J. Y.: Total particulate and reactive gaseous mercury in ambient air on the eastern slope of the Mt. Gongga area, China, Appl. Geochem., 23, 408–418, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.12.018, 2008b.
Fu, X. W., Feng, X., Zhu, W., Rothenberg, S., Yao, H., and Zhang, H.: Elevated atmospheric deposition and dynamics of mercury in a remote upland forest of southwestern China, Environ. Pollut., 158, 2324–2333, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2010.01.032, 2010a.
Fu, X. W., Feng, X., Dong, Z. Q., Yin, R. S., Wang, J. X., Yang, Z. R., and Zhang, H.: Atmospheric gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) concentrations and mercury depositions at a high-altitude mountain peak in south China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 2425–2437, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-2425-2010, 2010b.
Fu, X. W., Feng, X. B., Zhang, G., Xu, W. H., Li, X. D., Yao, H., Liang, P., Li, J., Sommar, J., Yin, R. S., and Liu, N.: Mercury in the marine boundary layer and seawater of the South China Sea: Concentrations, sea/air flux, and implication for land outflow, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 115, D06303, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009jd012958, 2010c.
Fu, X. W., Feng, X. B., Qiu, G. L., Shang, L. H., and Zhang, H.: Speciated atmospheric mercury and its potential source in Guiyang, China, Atmos. Environ., 45, 4205–4212, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.05.012, 2011a.
Fu, X. W., Feng, X. B., and Zhang, H.: Atmospheric total gaseous mercury concentration in Guiyang: measurements intercomparison with Lumex Ra-915AM and Tekran 2537A, Chinese J. Ecol., 30, 939–943, 2011b (in Chinese).
Fu, X. W., Feng, X., Liang, P., Deliger, Zhang, H., Ji, J., and Liu, P.: Temporal trend and sources of speciated atmospheric mercury at Waliguan GAW station, Northwestern China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 1951–1964, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-1951-2012, 2012a.
Fu, X. W., Feng, X., Shang, L. H., Wang, S. F., and Zhang, H.: Two years of measurements of atmospheric total gaseous mercury (TGM) at a remote site in Mt. Changbai area, Northeastern China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 4215–4226, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-4215-2012, 2012b.
Fu, X. W., Feng, X. B., Sommar, J., and Wang, S. F.: A review of studies on atmospheric mercury in China, Sci. Total Environ., 421, 73–81, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.09.089, 2012c.
Fu, X. W., Zhang, H., Feng, X. B., and Zhu, W.: Speciated atmospheric mercury in rural Mt. Changbai, northeast China, 17th internatial conference of heavy metals in the environment, Guiyang, China, 22–25 September, 219–219, 2014.
Fu, X. W., Zhang, H., Lin, C.-J., Feng, X. B., Zhou, L. X., and Fang, S. X.: Correlation slopes of GEM / CO, GEM / CO2, and GEM / CH4 and estimated mercury emissions in China, South Asia, the Indochinese Peninsula, and Central Asia derived from observations in northwestern and southwestern China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 1013–1028, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-1013-2015, 2015.
Gardfeldt, K., Sommar, J., Ferrara, R., Ceccarini, C., Lanzillotta, E., Munthe, J., Wangberg, I., Lindqvist, O., Pirrone, N., Sprovieri, F., Pesenti, E., and Stromberg, D.: Evasion of mercury from coastal and open waters of the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, Atmos. Environ., 37, S73–S84, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(03)00238-3, 2003.
Grigal, D. F., Kolka, R. K., Fleck, J. A., and Nater, E. A.: Mercury budget of an upland-peatland watershed, Biogeochemistry, 50, 95–109, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006322705566, 2000.
Guo, Y. N., Feng, X. B., Li, Z. G., He, T. R., Yan, H. Y., Meng, B., Zhang, J. F., and Qiu, G. L.: Distribution and wet deposition fluxes of total and methyl mercury in Wujiang River Basin, Guizhou, China, Atmos. Environ., 42, 7096–7103, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.06.006, 2008.
Gustin, M., and Jaffe, D.: Reducing the Uncertainty in Measurement and Understanding of Mercury in the Atmosphere, Environ. Sci. Technol., 44, 2222–2227, https://doi.org/10.1021/Es902736k, 2010.
Gustin, M. S., Lindberg, S. E., and Weisberg, P. J.: An update on the natural sources and sinks of atmospheric mercury, Appl. Geochem., 23, 482–493, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.12.010, 2008.
Gustin, M. S., Huang, J. Y., Miller, M. B., Peterson, C., Jaffe, D. A., Ambrose, J., Finley, B. D., Lyman, S. N., Call, K., Talbot, R., Feddersen, D., Mao, H. T., and Lindberg, S. E.: Do We Understand What the Mercury Speciation Instruments Are Actually Measuring? Results of RAMIX, Environ. Sci. Technol., 47, 7295–7306, https://doi.org/10.1021/Es3039104, 2013.
Gustin, M. S., Amos, H. M., Huang, J., Miller, M. B., and Heidecorn, K.: Measuring and modeling mercury in the atmosphere: a critical review, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 5697–5713, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-5697-2015, 2015.
Hedgecock, I. M. and Pirrone, N.: Chasing Quicksilver:? Modeling the Atmospheric Lifetime of Hg0(g) in the Marine Boundary Layer at Various Latitudes, Environ. Sci. Technol., 38, 69–76, https://doi.org/10.1021/es034623z, 2003.
Huang, J., Kang, S. C., Zhang, Q. G., Yan, H. Y., Guo, J. M., Jenkins, M. G., Zhang, G. S., and Wang, K.: Wet deposition of mercury at a remote site in the Tibetan Plateau: Concentrations, speciation, and fluxes, Atmos. Environ., 62, 540–550, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.09.003, 2012.
Huang, J. Y., Miller, M. B., Weiss-Penzias, P., and Gustin, M. S.: Comparison of Gaseous Oxidized Hg Measured by KCl-Coated Denuders, and Nylon and Cation Exchange Membranes, Environ. Sci. Technol., 47, 7307–7316, https://doi.org/10.1021/Es4012349, 2013.
Jaffe, D., Prestbo, E., Swartzendruber, P., Weiss-Penzias, P., Kato, S., Takami, A., Hatakeyama, S., and Kajii, Y.: Export of atmospheric mercury from Asia, Atmos. Environ., 39, 3029-=3038, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.01.030, 2005.
Jaffe, D. A., Lyman, S., Amos, H. M., Gustin, M. S., Huang, J. Y., Selin, N. E., Levin, L., ter Schure, A., Mason, R. P., Talbot, R., Rutter, A., Finley, B., Jaegle, L., Shah, V., McClure, C., Arnbrose, J., Gratz, L., Lindberg, S., Weiss-Penzias, P., Sheu, G. R., Feddersen, D., Horvat, M., Dastoor, A., Hynes, A. J., Mao, H. T., Sonke, J. E., Slemr, F., Fisher, J. A., Ebinghaus, R., Zhang, Y. X., and Edwards, G.: Progress on Understanding Atmospheric Mercury Hampered by Uncertain Measurements, Environ. Sci. Technol., 48, 7204–7206, https://doi.org/10.1021/Es5026432, 2014.
Keeler, G., Gratz, L., and Al-Wali, K. I.: Long-term atmospheric mercury wet deposition at Underhill, Vermont, Ecotoxicology, 14, 71–83, 2005.
Kim, K. H., Mishra, V. K., and Hong, S.: The rapid and continuous monitoring of gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) behavior in ambient air, Atmos. Environ., 40, 3281–3293, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.01.046, 2006.
Kock, H. H., Bieber, E., Ebinghaus, R., Spain, T. G., and Thees, B.: Comparison of long-term trends and seasonal variations of atmospheric mercury concentrations at the two European coastal monitoring stations Mace Head, Ireland, and Zingst, Germany, Atmos. Environ., 39, 7549–7556, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.02.059, 2005.
Lai, S. C., Baker, A. K., Schuck, T. J., Slemr, F., Brenninkmeijer, C. A. M., van Velthoven, P., Oram, D. E., Zahn, A., and Ziereis, H.: Characterization and source regions of 51 high-CO events observed during Civil Aircraft for the Regular Investigation of the Atmosphere Based on an Instrument Container (CARIBIC) flights between south China and the Philippines, 2005–2008, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 116, D20308, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011jd016375, 2011.
Lan, X., Talbot, R., Castro, M., Perry, K., and Luke, W.: Seasonal and diurnal variations of atmospheric mercury across the US determined from AMNet monitoring data, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 10569–10582, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-10569-2012, 2012.
Landis, M. S. and Keeler, G. J.: Critical evaluation of a modified automatic wet-only precipitation collector for mercury and trace element determinations, Environ. Sci. Technol., 31, 2610–2615, https://doi.org/10.1021/Es9700055, 1997.
Landis, M. S., Stevens, R. K., Schaedlich, F., and Prestbo, E. M.: Development and characterization of an annular denuder methodology for the measurement of divalent inorganic reactive gaseous mercury in ambient air, Environ. Sci. Technol., 36, 3000–3009, https://doi.org/10.1021/Es015887t, 2002.
Lang, X.: Mercury in atmospheric precipitation and litterfall in Mt.Ailao and Mt.Damei, Master's dissertation, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China, 1–78, 2014 (in Chinese).
Larssen, T., de Wit, H. A., Wiker, M., and Halse, K.: Mercury budget of a small forested boreal catchment in southeast Norway, Sci. Total Environ., 404, 290–296, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.03.013, 2008.
Lee, D. S., Dollard, G. J., and Pepler, S.: Gas-phase mercury in the atmosphere of the United Kingdom, Atmos. Environ., 32, 855–864, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(97)00316-6, 1998.
Lee, D. S., Nemitz, E., Fowler, D., and Kingdon, R. D.: Modelling atmospheric mercury transport and deposition across Europe and the UK, Atmos. Environ., 35, 5455=-5466, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(01)00284-9, 2001.
Lee, Y. H., Bishop, K. H., and Munthe, J.: Do concepts about catchment cycling of methylmercury and mercury in boreal catchments stand the test of time? Six years of atmospheric inputs and runoff export at Svartberget, northern Sweden, Sci. Total Environ., 260, 11–20, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(00)00538-6, 2000.
Leermakers, M., Baeyens, W., Ebinghaus, R., Kuballa, J., and Kock, H. H.: Determination of atmospheric mercury during the North Sea experiment, Water Air Soil Poll., 97, 257–263, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1018311107587, 1997.
Li, J., Sommar, J., Wangberg, I., Lindqvist, O., and Wei, S. Q.: Short-time variation of mercury speciation in the urban of Goteborg during GOTE-2005, Atmos. Environ., 42, 8382–8388, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.08.007, 2008.
Li, P., Feng, X. B., Qiu, G. L., Shang, L. H., Wang, S. F., and Meng, B.: Atmospheric mercury emission from artisanal mercury mining in Guizhou Province, Southwestern China, Atmos. Environ., 43, 2247–2251, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.01.050, 2009.
Li, Z., Xia, C. H., Wang, X. M., Xiang, Y. R., and Xie, Z. Q.: Total gaseous mercury in Pearl River Delta region, China during 2008 winter period, Atmos. Environ., 45, 834–838, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.11.032, 2011.
Li, Z.: The concentrations, species and influencing factors of atmospheric mercury in the urban and remote areas: A case study of Chinese cities and Arctic Ocean, PH.D. dissertation, Unicersity of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China, 1–122, 2012 (in Chinese).
Liang, S., Xu, M., Liu, Z., Suh, S., and Zhang, T. Z.: Socioeconomic Drivers of Mercury Emissions in China from 1992 to 2007, Environ. Sci. Technol., 47, 3234–3240, https://doi.org/10.1021/Es303728d, 2013.
Lin, C.-J., Pan, L., Streets, D. G., Shetty, S. K., Jang, C., Feng, X., Chu, H.-W., and Ho, T. C.: Estimating mercury emission outflow from East Asia using CMAQ-Hg, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 1853–1864, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-1853-2010, 2010.
Lindberg, S., Bullock, R., Ebinghaus, R., Engstrom, D., Feng, X. B., Fitzgerald, W., Pirrone, N., Prestbo, E., and Seigneur, C.: A synthesis of progress and uncertainties in attributing the sources of mercury in deposition, Ambio, 36, 19–32, 2007.
Lindberg, S. E. and Stratton, W. J.: Atmospheric mercury speciation: Concentrations and behavior of reactive gaseous mercury in ambient air, Environ. Sci. Technol., 32, 49–57, https://doi.org/10.1021/Es970546u, 1998.
Lindberg, S. E., Brooks, S., Lin, C. J., Scott, K. J., Landis, M. S., Stevens, R. K., Goodsite, M., and Richter, A.: Dynamic oxidation of gaseous mercury in the Arctic troposphere at polar sunrise, Environ. Sci. Technol., 36, 1245–1256, https://doi.org/10.1021/Es0111941, 2002.
Liu, B., Keeler, G. J., Dvonch, J. T., Barres, J. A., Lynam, M. M., Marsik, F. J., and Morgan, J. T.: Urban-rural differences in atmospheric mercury speciation, Atmos. Environ., 44, 2013–2023, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.02.012, 2010.
Liu, N., Qiu, G. L., Feng, X. B., Landis, M., Fu, X. W., and Shang, L. H.: Distribution characteristics of mercury in precipitation of Guiyang, China, Chinese J. Ecol., 30, 933–938, 2011 (in Chinese).
Liu, S. L., Nadim, F., Perkins, C., Carley, R. J., Hoag, G. E., Lin, Y. H., and Chen, L. T.: Atmospheric mercury monitoring survey in Beijing, China, Chemosphere, 48, 97–107, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(02)00026-7, 2002.
Lynam, M. M. and Keeler, G. J.: Comparison of methods for particulate phase mercury analysis: sampling and analysis, Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 374, 1009–1014, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-002-1584-4, 2002.
Lyman, S. N. and Jaffe, D. A.: Formation and fate of oxidized mercury in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere, Nat. Geosci., 5, 114–117, https://doi.org/10.1038/Ngeo1353, 2012.
Lyman, S. N., Jaffe, D. A., and Gustin, M. S.: Release of mercury halides from KCl denuders in the presence of ozone, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 8197–8204, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-8197-2010, 2010.
Mason, R. P. and Sheu, G. R.: Role of the ocean in the global mercury cycle, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 16, 1093, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001gb001440, 2002.
Mason, R. P., Lawson, N. M., and Sheu, G. R.: Annual and seasonal trends in mercury deposition in Maryland, Atmos. Environ., 34, 1691–1701, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00428-8, 2000.
McClure, C. D., Jaffe, D. A., and Edgerton, E. S.: Evaluation of the KCI Denuder Method for Gaseous Oxidized Mercury using HgBr2 at an In-Service AMNet Site, Environ. Sci. Technol., 48, 11437–11444, https://doi.org/10.1021/Es502545k, 2014.
Minschwaner, K., Manney, G. L., Livesey, N. J., Pumphrey, H. C., Pickett, H. M., Froidevaux, L., Lambert, A., Schwartz, M. J., Bernath, P. F., Walker, K. A., and Boone, C. D.: The photochemistry of carbon monoxide in the stratosphere and mesosphere evaluated from observations by the Microwave Limb Sounder on the Aura satellite, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 115, D13303, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009jd012654, 2010.
Moore, C. W., Obrist, D., and Luria, M.: Atmospheric mercury depletion events at the Dead Sea: Spatial and temporal aspects, Atmos. Environ., 69, 231–239, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.12.020, 2013.
Müller, D., Wip, D., Warneke, T., Holmes, C. D., Dastoor, A., and Notholt, J.: Sources of atmospheric mercury in the tropics: continuous observations at a coastal site in Suriname, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 7391–7397, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-7391-2012, 2012.
Munthe, J., Hultberg, H., and Iverfeldt, A.: Mechanisms of Deposition of Methylmercury and Mercury to Coniferous Forests, Water Air Soil Poll., 80, 363–371, https://doi.org/10.1007/Bf01189686, 1995.
Munthe, J., Wangberg, I., Iverfeldt, A., Lindqvist, O., Stromberg, D., Sommar, J., Gardfeldt, K., Petersen, G., Ebinghaus, R., Prestbo, E., Larjava, K., and Siemens, V.: Distribution of atmospheric mercury species in Northern Europe: final results from the MOE project, Atmos. Environ., 37, S9–S20, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(03)00235-8, 2003.
Murphy, D. M., Thomson, D. S., and Mahoney, T. M. J.: In situ measurements of organics, meteoritic material, mercury, and other elements in aerosols at 5 to 19 kilometers, Science, 282, 1664–1669, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.282.5394.1664, 1998.
Nguyen, D. L., Kim, J. Y., Shim, S. G., and Zhang, X. S.: Ground and shipboard measurements of atmospheric gaseous elemental mercury over the Yellow Sea region during 2007-2008, Atmos. Environ., 45, 253–260, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.07.021, 2011.
Nguyen, H. T., Kim, M. Y., and Kim, K. H.: The influence of long-range transport on atmospheric mercury on Jeju Island, Korea, Sci. Total Environ., 408, 1295–1307, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.10.029, 2010.
Pacyna, E. G., Pacyna, J. M., Fudala, J., Strzelecka-Jastrzab, E., Hlawiczka, S., and Panasiuk, D.: Mercury emissions to the atmosphere from anthropogenic sources in Europe in 2000 and their scenarios until 2020, Sci. Total Environ., 370, 147–156, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.06.023, 2006.
Pacyna, E. G., Pacyna, J. M., Sundseth, K., Munthe, J., Kindbom, K., Wilson, S., Steenhuisen, F., and Maxson, P.: Global emission of mercury to the atmosphere from anthropogenic sources in 2005 and projections to 2020, Atmos. Environ., 44, 2487–2499, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.06.009, 2010.
Pan, L., Woo, J. H., Carmichael, G. R., Tang, Y. H., Friedli, H. R., and Radke, L. F.: Regional distribution and emissions of mercury in east Asia: A modeling analysis of Asian Pacific Regional Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE-Asia) observations, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 111, D07109, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005jd006381, 2006.
Pan, L., Chai, T. F., Carmichael, G. R., Tang, Y. H., Streets, D., Woo, J. H., Friedli, H. R., and Radke, L. F.: Top-down estimate of mercury emissions in China using four-dimensional variational data assimilation, Atmos. Environ., 41, 2804–2819, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.11.048, 2007.
Peterson, C., Gustin, M., and Lyman, S.: Atmospheric mercury concentrations and speciation measured from 2004 to 2007 in Reno, Nevada, USA, Atmos. Environ., 43, 4646–4654, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.04.053, 2009.
Pirrone, N., Cinnirella, S., Feng, X., Finkelman, R. B., Friedli, H. R., Leaner, J., Mason, R., Mukherjee, A. B., Stracher, G. B., Streets, D. G., and Telmer, K.: Global mercury emissions to the atmosphere from anthropogenic and natural sources, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 5951–5964, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-5951-2010, 2010.
Poissant, L., Pilote, M., Beauvais, C., Constant, P., and Zhang, H. H.: A year of continuous measurements of three atmospheric mercury species (GEM, RGM and Hg-p) in southern Quebec, Canada, Atmos. Environ., 39, 1275–1287, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.11.007, 2005.
Prestbo, E. and Gay, D. A.: Wet deposition of mercury in the U.S. and Canada, 1996–2005: Results and analysis of the NADP mercury deposition network (MDN), Atmos. Environ., 43, 4223=-4233, 2009.
Rea, A. W., Lindberg, S. E., and Keeler, G. J.: Dry deposition and foliar leaching of mercury and selected trace elements in deciduous forest throughfall, Atmos. Environ., 35, 3453–3462, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(01)00133-9, 2001.
Ren, W., Duan, L., Zhu, Z. W., Du, W., An, Z. Y., Xu, L. J., Zhang, C., Zhuo, Y. Q., and Chen, C. H.: Mercury Transformation and Distribution Across a Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Production Line in China, Environ. Sci. Technol., 48, 2321–2327, https://doi.org/10.1021/Es404147c, 2014.
Savage, N. H., Law, K. S., Pyle, J. A., Richter, A., Nüß, H., and Burrows, J. P.: Using GOME NO2 satellite data to examine regional differences in TOMCAT model performance, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 4, 1895–1912, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-4-1895-2004, 2004.
Schleicher, N. J., Schafer, J., Blanc, G., Chen, Y., Chai, F., Cen, K., and Norra, S.: Atmospheric particulate mercury in the megacity Beijing: Spatiotemporal variations and source apportionment, Atmos. Environ., 109, 251–261, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.03.018, 2015.
Schroeder, W. H. and Munthe, J.: Atmospheric mercury – An overview, Atmos. Environ., 32, 809–822, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(97)00293-8, 1998.
Schroeder, W. H., Anlauf, K. G., Barrie, L. A., Lu, J. Y., Steffen, A., Schneeberger, D. R., and Berg, T.: Arctic springtime depletion of mercury, Nature, 394, 331–332, https://doi.org/10.1038/28530, 1998.
Schwesig, D. and Matzner, E.: Pools and fluxes of mercury and methylmercury in two forested catchments in Germany, Sci. Total Environ., 260, 213–223, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(00)00565-9, 2000.
Seigneur, C., Vijayaraghavan, K., Lohman, K., Karamchandani, P., and Scott, C.: Global source attribution for mercury deposition in the United States, Environ. Sci. Technol., 38, 555–569, https://doi.org/10.1021/Es034109t, 2004.
Selin, N. E., Jacob, D. J., Park, R. J., Yantosca, R. M., Strode, S., Jaegle, L., and Jaffe, D.: Chemical cycling and deposition of atmospheric mercury: Global constraints from observations, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 112, D02308, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006jd007450, 2007.
Shetty, S. K., Lin, C. J., Streets, D. G., and Jang, C.: Model estimate of mercury emission from natural sources in East Asia, Atmos. Environ., 42, 8674–8685, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.08.026, 2008.
Sheu, G. R. and Mason, R. P.: An examination of methods for the measurements of reactive gaseous mercury in the atmosphere, Environ. Sci. Technol., 35, 1209–1216, https://doi.org/10.1021/Es001183s, 2001.
Sheu, G. R., Lin, N. H., Wang, J. L., Lee, C. T., Yang, C. F. O., and Wang, S. H.: Temporal distribution and potential sources of atmospheric mercury measured at a high-elevation background station in Taiwan, Atmos. Environ., 44, 2393–2400, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.04.009, 2010.
Sheu, G. R., Lin, N. H., Lee, C. T., Wang, J. L., Chuang, M. T., Wang, S. H., Chi, K. H., and Ou-Yang, C. F.: Distribution of atmospheric mercury in northern Southeast Asia and South China Sea during Dongsha Experiment, Atmos. Environ., 78, 174–183, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.07.002, 2013.
Slemr, F. and Scheel, H. E.: Trends in atmospheric mercury concentrations at the summit of the Wank mountain, southern Germany, Atmos. Environ., 32, 845–853, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(97)00131-3, 1998.
Slemr, F., Brunke, E. G., Ebinghaus, R., Temme, C., Munthe, J., Wangberg, I., Schroeder, W., Steffen, A., and Berg, T.: Worldwide trend of atmospheric mercury since 1977, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 1516, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003gl016954, 2003.
Slemr, F., Ebinghaus, R., Brenninkmeijer, C. A. M., Hermann, M., Kock, H. H., Martinsson, B. G., Schuck, T., Sprung, D., van Velthoven, P., Zahn, A., and Ziereis, H.: Gaseous mercury distribution in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere observed onboard the CARIBIC passenger aircraft, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 1957–1969, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-1957-2009, 2009.
Slemr, F., Brunke, E.-G., Ebinghaus, R., and Kuss, J.: Worldwide trend of atmospheric mercury since 1995, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 4779–4787, \https://doi.org/0.5194/acp-11-4779-2011, 2011.
Slemr, F., Weigelt, A., Ebinghaus, R., Brenninkmeijer, C., Baker, A., Schuck, T., Rauthe-Schoch, A., Riede, H., Leedham, E., Hermann, M., van Velthoven, P., Oram, D., O'Sullivan, D., Dyroff, C., Zahn, A., and Ziereis, H.: Mercury Plumes in the Global Upper Troposphere Observed during Flights with the CARIBIC Observatory from May 2005 until June 2013, Atmosphere-Basel, 5, 342–369, https://doi.org/10.3390/Atmos5020342, 2014.
Slemr, F., Angot, H., Dommergue, A., Magand, O., Barret, M., Weigelt, A., Ebinghaus, R., Brunke, E.-G., Pfaffhuber, K. A., Edwards, G., Howard, D., Powell, J., Keywood, M., and Wang, F.: Comparison of mercury concentrations measured at several sites in the Southern Hemisphere, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 3125–3133, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-3125-2015, 2015.
Song, S., Selin, N. E., Soerensen, A. L., Angot, H., Artz, R., Brooks, S., Brunke, E.-G., Conley, G., Dommergue, A., Ebinghaus, R., Holsen, T. M., Jaffe, D. A., Kang, S., Kelley, P., Luke, W. T., Magand, O., Marumoto, K., Pfaffhuber, K. A., Ren, X., Sheu, G.-R., Slemr, F., Warneke, T., Weigelt, A., Weiss-Penzias, P., Wip, D. C., and Zhang, Q.: Top-down constraints on atmospheric mercury emissions and implications for global biogeochemical cycling, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 7103–7125, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-7103-2015, 2015.
Song, X. J., Cheng, I., and Lu, J.: Annual atmospheric mercury species in Downtown Toronto, Canada, J. Environ. Monitor., 11, 660–669, https://doi.org/10.1039/B815435j, 2009.
Sprovieri, F. and Pirrone, N.: Spatial and temporal distribution of atmospheric mercury species over the Adriatic Sea, Environ. Fluid. Mech., 8, 117–128, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10652-007-9045-4, 2008.
Sprovieri, F., Pirrone, N., Landis, M. S., and Stevens, R. K.: Oxidation of gaseous elemental mercury to gaseous divalent mercury during 2003 polar sunrise at Ny-Alesund, Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 9156–9165, https://doi.org/10.1021/Es050965o, 2005.
St Louis, V. L., Rudd, J. W. M., Kelly, C. A., Hall, B. D., Rolfhus, K. R., Scott, K. J., Lindberg, S. E., and Dong, W.: Importance of the forest canopy to fluxes of methyl mercury and total mercury to boreal ecosystems, Environ. Sci. Technol., 35, 3089–3098, https://doi.org/10.1021/Es001924p, 2001.
Streets, D. G., Yarber, K. F., Woo, J. H., and Carmichael, G. R.: Biomass burning in Asia: Annual and seasonal estimates and atmospheric emissions, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 17, 1099, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003gb002040, 2003.
Streets, D. G., Hao, J. M., Wu, Y., Jiang, J. K., Chan, M., Tian, H. Z., and Feng, X. B.: Anthropogenic mercury emissions in China, Atmos. Environ., 39, 7789–7806, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.08.029, 2005.
Streets, D. G., Devane, M. K., Lu, Z. F., Bond, T. C., Sunderland, E. M., and Jacob, D. J.: All-Time Releases of Mercury to the Atmosphere from Human Activities, Environ. Sci. Technol., 45, 10485–10491, https://doi.org/10.1021/Es202765m, 2011.
Strode, S. A., Jaegle, L., Jaffe, D. A., Swartzendruber, P. C., Selin, N. E., Holmes, C., and Yantosca, R. M.: Trans-Pacific transport of mercury, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 113, D15305, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007jd009428, 2008.
Su, J., Cheng, J. P., Ye, X. F., Yuan, T., Wang, W. H., and Mi, L. J: Preliminary study on mercury distribution in multimedia environment in Lanzhou, J. Agro-Environ. Sci., 26, 381–385, 2007 (in Chinese).
Swartzendruber, P. C., Jaffe, D. A., Prestbo, E. M., Weiss-Penzias, P., Selin, N. E., Park, R., Jacob, D. J., Strode, S., and Jaegle, L.: Observations of reactive gaseous mercury in the free troposphere at the Mount Bachelor Observatory, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 111, D24302, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006jd007415, 2006.
Swartzendruber, P. C., Chand, D., Jaffe, D. A., Smith, J., Reidmiller, D., Gratz, L., Keeler, J., Strode, S., Jaegle, L., and Talbot, R.: Vertical distribution of mercury, CO, ozone, and aerosol scattering coefficient in the Pacific Northwest during the spring 2006 INTEX-B campaign, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 113, D10305, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007jd009579, 2008.
Talbot, R., Mao, H., Scheuer, E., Dibb, J., and Avery, M.: Total depletion of Hg degrees in the upper troposphere-lower stratosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L23804, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007gl031366, 2007.
Temme, C., Slemr, F., Ebinghaus, R., and Einax, J. W.: Distribution of mercury over the Atlantic Ocean in 1996 and 1999–2001, Atmos. Environ., 37, 1889–1897, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(03)00069-4, 2003.
Timonen, H., Ambrose, J. L., and Jaffe, D. A.: Oxidation of elemental Hg in anthropogenic and marine airmasses, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 2827–2836, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-2827-2013, 2013.
Tohjima, Y., Kubo, M., Minejima, C., Mukai, H., Tanimoto, H., Ganshin, A., Maksyutov, S., Katsumata, K., Machida, T., and Kita, K.: Temporal changes in the emissions of CH4 and CO from China estimated from CH4 / CO2 and CO / CO2 correlations observed at Hateruma Island, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 1663–1677, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1663-2014, 2014.
van Donkelaar, A., Martin, R. V., Brauer, M., Kahn, R., Levy, R., Verduzco, C., and Villeneuve, P. J.: Global Estimates of Ambient Fine Particulate Matter Concentrations from Satellite-Based Aerosol Optical Depth: Development and Application, Environ. Health Persp., 118, 847–855, https://doi.org/10.1289/Ehp.0901623, 2010.
Wan, Q., Feng, X. B., Lu, J., Zheng, W., Song, X. J., Li, P., Han, S. J., and Xu, H.: Atmospheric mercury in Changbai Mountain area, northeastern China II. The distribution of reactive gaseous mercury and particulate mercury and mercury deposition fluxes, Environ. Res., 109, 721–727, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2009.05.006, 2009a.
Wan, Q., Feng, X. B., Lu, J. L., Zheng, W., Song, X. J., Han, S. J., and Xu, H.: Atmospheric mercury in Changbai Mountain area, northeastern China I. The seasonal distribution pattern of total gaseous mercury and its potential sources, Environ Res, 109, 201-206, DOI 10.1016/j.envres.2008.12.001, 2009b.
Wang, D. Y., He, L., Shi, X. J., Wei, S. Q., and Feng, X. B.: Release flux of mercury from different environmental surfaces in Chongqing, China, Chemosphere, 64, 1845–1854, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.01.054, 2006.
Wang, L., Wang, S. X., Zhang, L., Wang, Y. X., Zhang, Y. X., Nielsen, C., McElroy, M. B., and Hao, J. M.: Source apportionment of atmospheric mercury pollution in China using the GEOS-Chem model, Environ. Pollut., 190, 166–175, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2014.03.011, 2014.
Wang, S. X., Zhang, L., Wang, L., Wu, Q. R., Wang, F. Y., and Hao, J. M.: A review of atmospheric mercury emissions, pollution and control in China, Front. Env. Sci. Eng., 8, 631–649, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-014-0673-x, 2014.
Wang, Y. M., Wang, D. Y., Meng, B., Peng, Y. L., Zhao, L., and Zhu, J. S.: Spatial and temporal distributions of total and methyl mercury in precipitation in core urban areas, Chongqing, China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 9417–9426, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-9417-2012, 2012.
Wang, Y. M., Peng, Y. L., Wang, D. Y., and Zhang, C.: Wet deposition fluxes of total mercury and methylmercury in core urban areas, Chongqing, China, Atmos. Environ., 92, 87–96, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.03.059, 2014.
Wang, Z. W., Zhang, X. S., Chen, Z. S., and Zhang, Y.: Mercury concentrations in size-fractionated airborne particles at urban and suburban sites in Beijing, China, Atmos. Environ., 40, 2194–2201, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.12.003, 2006.
Wang, Z. W., Chen, Z. S., Duan, N., and Zhang, X. S.: Gaseous elemental mercury concentration in atmosphere at urban and remote sites in China, J. Environ. Sci.-China, 19, 176–180, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1001-0742(07)60028-X, 2007.
Wang, Z. W., Zhang, X. S., Xiao, J. S., Zhijia, C., and Yu, P. Z.: Mercury fluxes and pools in three subtropical forested catchments, southwest China, Environ. Pollut., 157, 801–808, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2008.11.018, 2009.
Wangberg, I., Schmolke, S., Schager, P., Munthe, J., Ebinghaus, R., and Iverfeldt, A.: Estimates of air-sea exchange of mercury in the Baltic Sea, Atmos. Environ., 35, 5477–5484, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(01)00246-1, 2001.
Wangberg, I., Munthe, J., Berg, T., Ebinghaus, R., Kock, H. H., Temme, C., Bieber, E., Spain, T. G., and Stolk, A.: Trends in air concentration and deposition of mercury in the coastal environment of the North Sea Area, Atmos. Environ., 41, 2612–2619, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.11.024, 2007.
Weiss-Penzias, P., Jaffe, D. A., Swartzendruber, P., Dennison, J. B., Chand, D., Hafner, W., and Prestbo, E.: Observations of Asian air pollution in the free troposphere at Mount Bachelor Observatory during the spring of 2004, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 111, D10304, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005jd006522, 2006.
Weiss-Penzias, P., Jaffe, D., Swartzendruber, P., Hafner, W., Chand, D., and Prestbo, E.: Quantifying Asian and biomass burning sources of mercury using the Hg/CO ratio in pollution plumes observed at the Mount Bachelor Observatory, Atmos. Environ., 41, 4366–4379, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.01.058, 2007.
Wu, P. P.: Studies on temporal and spatial distributions of atmospheric mercury in Taiwan Strait inshore areas, Master's dissertation, Xiamen Universitry, Xiamen, China, 102 pp., 2014 (in Chinese).
Wu, Y., Wang, S. X., Streets, D. G., Hao, J. M., Chan, M., and Jiang, J. K.: Trends in anthropogenic mercury emissions in China from 1995 to 2003, Environ. Sci. Technol., 40, 5312–5318, https://doi.org/10.1021/Es060406x, 2006.
Xia, C. H., Xie, Z. Q., and Sun, L. G.: Atmospheric mercury in the marine boundary layer along a cruise path from Shanghai, China to Prydz Bay, Antarctica, Atmos. Environ., 44, 1815–1821, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.12.039, 2010.
Xiang, J. Q. and Liu, G. J.: Distribution and sources of atmospheric mercury in urban areas of Wuhan, Resour. Environ. Eng., 22, 27–30, 2008 (in Chinese).
Xiu, G. L., Cai, J., Zhang, W. Y., Zhang, D. N., Bueler, A., Lee, S. C., Shen, Y., Xu, L. H., Huang, X. J., and Zhang, P.: Speciated mercury in size-fractionated particles in Shanghai ambient air, Atmos. Environ., 43, 3145–3154, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.07.044, 2009.
Xiu, G. L. L., Jin, Q. X., Zhang, D. N., Shi, S. Y., Huang, X. J., Zhang, W. Y., Bao, L., Gao, P. T., and Chen, B.: Characterization of size-fractionated particulate mercury in Shanghai ambient air, Atmos. Environ., 39, 419–427, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.09.046, 2005.
Xu, L. L., Chen, J. S., Niu, Z. C., Yin, L. Q., and Chen, Y. T.: Characterization of mercury in atmospheric particulate matter in the southeast coastal cities of China, Atmos. Pollut. Res., 4, 454–461, https://doi.org/10.5094/Apr.2013.052, 2013.
Xu, L. L., Chen, J. S., Yang, L. M., Niu, Z. C., Tong, L., Yin, L. Q., and Chen, Y. T.: Characteristics and sources of atmospheric mercury speciation in a coastal city, Xiamen, China, Chemosphere, 119, 530–539, 2015.
Yang, Y. K., Chen, H., and Wang, D. Y.: Spatial and temporal distribution of gaseous elemental mercury in Chongqing, China, Environ. Monit. Assess., 156, 479–489, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-008-0499-8, 2009.
Yu, B., Wang, X., Lin, C. J., Fu, X. W., Zhang, H., Shang, L. H., and Feng, X. B.: Atmospheric mercury; Speciation; Pollutant transport; Potential Source Contribution Function; Monsoon; Air quality index, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 120, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JD023425, 2015.
Zhang, H., Fu, X. W., Lin, C.-J., Wang, X., and Feng, X. B.: Observation and analysis of speciated atmospheric mercury in Shangri-La, Tibetan Plateau, China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 653–665, \https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-653-2015, 2015a.
Zhang, H., Fu, X. W., Lin, C. J., Wang, X., Feng, X. B., Yu, B., Zhou, J., and Zhang, Y. P.: Impacts of Indian summer monsoon on distribution of atmospheric mercury at a high-altitude background station, southwestern China, under preparation, 2015b.
Zhang, L., Blanchard, P., Gay, D. A., Prestbo, E. M., Risch, M. R., Johnson, D., Narayan, J., Zsolway, R., Holsen, T. M., Miller, E. K., Castro, M. S., Graydon, J. A., Louis, V. L. St., and Dalziel, J.: Estimation of speciated and total mercury dry deposition at monitoring locations in eastern and central North America, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 4327–4340, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-4327-2012, 2012.
Zhang, L., Wang, S. X., Wang, L., and Hao, J. M.: Atmospheric mercury concentration and chemical speciation at a rural site in Beijing, China: implications of mercury emission sources, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 10505–10516, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-10505-2013, 2013.
Zhang, L., Wang, S. X., Wang, L., Wu, Y., Duan, L., Wu, Q. R., Wang, F. Y., Yang, M., Yang, H., Hao, J. M., and Liu, X.: Updated Emission Inventories for Speciated Atmospheric Mercury from Anthropogenic Sources in China, Environ. Sci. Technol., 49, 3185–3194, https://doi.org/10.1021/Es504840m, 2015.
Zhang, L. M., Gong, S. L., Padro, J., and Barrie, L.: A size-segregated particle dry deposition scheme for an atmospheric aerosol module, Atmos. Environ., 35, 549–560, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(00)00326-5, 2001.
Zhang, L. M., Wright, L. P., and Blanchard, P.: A review of current knowledge concerning dry deposition of atmospheric mercury, Atmos. Environ., 43, 5853–5864, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.08.019, 2009.
Zhang, Y. Q., Liu, R. H., Cui, Y. Q., Zhou, J. P., and Wang, Y.: The characteristic analysis of atmospheric mercury during haze days in Qingdao, Chinese Environ. Sci., 34, 1905–1911, 2014 (in Chinese).
Zhou, J., Feng, X. B., Liu, H. Y., Zhang, H., Fu, X. W., Bao, Z. D., Wang, X., and Zhang, Y. P.: Examination of total mercury inputs by precipitation and litterfall in a remote upland forest of Southwestern China, Atmos. Environ., 81, 364–372, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.09.010, 2013.
Zhu, J., Wang, T., Talbot, R., Mao, H., Hall, C. B., Yang, X., Fu, C., Zhuang, B., Li, S., Han, Y., and Huang, X.: Characteristics of atmospheric Total Gaseous Mercury (TGM) observed in urban Nanjing, China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 12103–12118, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-12103-2012, 2012.
Zhu, J., Wang, T., Talbot, R., Mao, H., Yang, X., Fu, C., Sun, J., Zhuang, B., Li, S., Han, Y., and Xie, M.: Characteristics of atmospheric mercury deposition and size-fractionated particulate mercury in urban Nanjing, China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 2233–2244, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-2233-2014, 2014.
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint