Articles | Volume 19, issue 9
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-6459-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-6459-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Ice injected into the tropopause by deep convection – Part 1: In the austral convective tropics
Iris-Amata Dion
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
CRNM, Meteo-France – CNRS, Toulouse, 31057, France
Philippe Ricaud
CRNM, Meteo-France – CNRS, Toulouse, 31057, France
Peter Haynes
DAMTP, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0WA, UK
Fabien Carminati
Met Office, Exeter, Devon, EX1 3PB, UK
Thibaut Dauhut
Laboratoire d'Aerologie, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, 31400, France
Related authors
No articles found.
Caroline Braud, Pascal Keravec, Ingrid Neunaber, Sandrine Aubrun, Jean-Luc Attié, Pierre Durand, Philippe Ricaud, Jean-François Georgis, Emmanuel Leclerc, Lise Mourre, and Claire Taymans
Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 1929–1942, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-1929-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-1929-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
A 3-year meteorological dataset from an operational wind farm of six 2 MW (megawatt) turbines has been made available. This includes a meteorological mast equipped with sonic anemometers at four different heights and radiometer measurements for atmospheric stability analysis. Simultaneously, supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) and the scanned geometry of the turbine blades are provided. This database has been made accessible to the research community (https://awit.aeris-data.fr).
Guillaume Feger, Jean-Pierre Chaboureau, Thibaut Dauhut, Julien Delanoë, and Pierre Coutris
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 7447–7465, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-7447-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-7447-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Saharan air at the trade wind layer, cold pools, and dry upper troposphere has these three main factors inhibiting the cyclogenesis of the Pierre Henri mesoscale convective system. The findings were obtained through observations made during two flights of the Clouds-Atmospheric Dynamics-Dust Interactions in West Africa (CADDIWA) campaign and a convection-permitting simulation run with the Meso-NH model. They provide new insights into the complex dynamics of cyclogenesis in the Cabo Verde region and challenge the existing model of the Saharan Air Layer (SAL).
Masatomo Fujiwara, Bomin Sun, Anthony Reale, Domenico Cimini, Salvatore Larosa, Lori Borg, Christoph von Rohden, Michael Sommer, Ruud Dirksen, Marion Maturilli, Holger Vömel, Rigel Kivi, Bruce Ingleby, Ryan J. Kramer, Belay Demoz, Fabio Madonna, Fabien Carminati, Owen Lewis, Brett Candy, Christopher Thomas, David Edwards, Noersomadi, Kensaku Shimizu, and Peter Thorne
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 2919–2955, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-2919-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-2919-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We assess and illustrate the benefits of high-altitude attainment of balloon-borne radiosonde soundings up to and beyond 10 hPa level from various aspects. We show that the extra costs and technical challenges involved in consistent attainment of high ascents are more than outweighed by the benefits for a broad variety of real-time and delayed-mode applications. Consistent attainment of high ascents should therefore be pursued across the balloon observational network.
Juan Escobar, Philippe Wautelet, Joris Pianezze, Florian Pantillon, Thibaut Dauhut, Christelle Barthe, and Jean-Pierre Chaboureau
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 2679–2700, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-2679-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-2679-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The Meso-NH weather research code is adapted for GPUs using OpenACC, leading to significant performance and energy efficiency improvements. Called MESONH-v55-OpenACC, it includes enhanced memory management, communication optimizations and a new solver. On the AMD MI250X Adastra platform, it achieved up to 6× speedup and 2.3× energy efficiency gain compared to CPUs. Storm simulations at 100 m resolution show positive results, positioning the code for future use on exascale supercomputers.
Philippe Ricaud, Pierre Durand, Paolo Grigioni, Massimo Del Guasta, Giuseppe Camporeale, Axel Roy, Jean-Luc Attié, and John Bognar
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 5071–5089, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-5071-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-5071-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Clouds in Antarctica are key elements affecting climate evolution. Some clouds are composed of supercooled liquid water (SLW; water held in liquid form below 0 °C) and are difficult to forecast by models. We performed in situ observations of SLW clouds at Concordia Station using SLW sondes attached to meteorological balloons in summer 2021–2022. The SLW clouds were observed in a saturated layer at the top of the planetary boundary layer in agreement with ground-based lidar observations.
Philippe Ricaud, Massimo Del Guasta, Angelo Lupi, Romain Roehrig, Eric Bazile, Pierre Durand, Jean-Luc Attié, Alessia Nicosia, and Paolo Grigioni
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 613–630, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-613-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-613-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Clouds affect the Earth's climate in ways that depend on the type of cloud (solid/liquid water). From observations at Concordia (Antarctica), we show that in supercooled liquid water (liquid water for temperatures below 0°C) clouds (SLWCs), temperature and SLWC radiative forcing increase with liquid water (up to 70 W m−2). We extrapolated that the maximum SLWC radiative forcing can reach 40 W m−2 over the Antarctic Peninsula, highlighting the importance of SLWCs for global climate prediction.
Cited articles
Alcala, C. M. and Dessler, A. E.: Observations of deep convection in the tropics using
the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) precipitation radar, J.
Geophys. Res., 107, 4792, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD002457, 2002.
Allison, T., Fuelberg, H., and Heath, N.: Simulations of Vertical Water Vapor
Transport for TC Ingrid (2013), J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 123,
8255–5282, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JD028334, 2018.
Avery, M. A., Davis, S. M., Rosenlof, K. H., Ye, H., and Dessler, A. E.:
Large anomalies in lower stratospheric water vapour and ice during the
2015–2016 El Nino, Nat. Geosci., 10, 405–409, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2961,
2017.
Beucher, F.: Manuel de météorologie tropicale: des alizés au
cyclone tropical, Météo-France, Paris, France, 2010.
Birner, T. and Charlesworth, E. J.: On the relative importance of radiative
and dynamical heating for tropical tropopause temperatures, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 122, 6782–6787, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JD026445, 2017.
Carminati, F., Ricaud, P., Pommereau, J.-P., Rivière, E., Khaykin, S., Attié, J.-L.,
and Warner, J.: Impact of tropical land convection on the water vapour budget in the
tropical tropopause layer, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 6195–6211, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-6195-2014, 2014.
Chen, S. S. and Houze, R. A.: Diurnal variation and life-cycle of deep convective systems
over the tropical Pacific warm pool, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 123, 357–388,
1997.
Corti, T., Luo, B. P., Fu, Q., Vömel, H., and Peter, T.: The impact of cirrus clouds
on tropical troposphere-to-stratosphere transport, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 2539–2547, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-2539-2006, 2006.
Dauhut, T., Chaboureau, J.-P., Escobar, J., and Mascart, P.: Large-eddy
simulations of Hector the convector making the stratosphere wetter, Atmos.
Sci. Lett., 16, 135–140, https://doi.org/10.1002/asl2.534, 2015.
Dauhut, T., Chaboureau, J., Mascart, P., and Pauluis, O.: The Atmospheric Overturning
Induced by Hector the Convector, J. Atmos. Sci., 74, 3271–3284, https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS-D-17-0035.1,
2017.
Fueglistaler, S., Dessler, A. E., Dunkerton, T. J., Folkins, I., Fu, Q., and
Mote, P. W.: Tropical tropopause layer, Rev. Geophys., 47, RG1004,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2008RG000267, 2009.
Gettelman, A. and Forster, P. M. de F.: A Climatology of the Tropical
Tropopause Layer, J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn. Ser II, 80, 911–924,
https://doi.org/10.2151/jmsj.80.911, 2002.
Hartmann, D. L., Holton, J. R., and Fu, Q.: The heat balance of the tropical
tropopause, cirrus, and stratospheric dehydration. Geophys. Res. Lett., 28,
1969–1972, 2001.
Holton, J. R. and Gettelman, A.: Horizontal transport and the dehydration of
the stratosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 2799–2802, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001GL013148, 2001.
Jensen, E. J., Toon, O. B., Pfisher, L., and Selkirk, H. B.: Dehydration of the
upper troposphere and lower stratosphere by subvisible cirrus clouds near
the tropical tropopause, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 825–828, https://doi.org/10.1029/96GL00722, 1996.
Jensen, E. J., Smith, J. B., Pfister, L., Pittman, J. V., Weinstock, E. M., Sayres, D. S.,
Herman, R. L., Troy, R. F., Rosenlof, K., Thompson, T. L., Fridlind, A. M.,
Hudson, P. K., Cziczo, D. J., Heymsfield, A. J., Schmitt, C., and Wilson, J. C.:
Ice supersaturations exceeding 100 % at the cold tropical tropopause: implications
for cirrus formation and dehydration, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 851–862, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-851-2005, 2005.
Jiang, J. H., Su, H., Zhai, C., Janice Shen, T., Wu, T., Zhang, J., Cole, J. N., von Salzen, K.,
Donner, L. J., Seman, C., Del Genio, A., Nazarenko, L. S., Dufresne, J., Watanabe, M.,
Morcrette, C., Koshiro, T., Kawai, H., Gettelman, A., Millán, L., Read, W. G., Livesey, N. J.,
Kasai, Y., and Shiotani, M.: Evaluating the Diurnal Cycle of Upper-Tropospheric Ice
Clouds in Climate Models Using SMILES Observations, J. Atmos. Sci., 72, 1022–1044, https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS-D-14-0124.1, 2015.
Khaykin, S., Pommereau, J.-P., Korshunov, L., Yushkov, V., Nielsen, J., Larsen, N.,
Christensen, T., Garnier, A., Lukyanov, A., and Williams, E.: Hydration of the lower
stratosphere by ice crystal geysers over land convective systems, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 2275–2287, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-2275-2009, 2009.
Khaykin, S. M., Pommereau, J.-P., and Hauchecorne, A.: Impact of land convection on
temperature diurnal variation in the tropical lower stratosphere inferred from
COSMIC GPS radio occultations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 6391–6402, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-6391-2013, 2013.
Kim, J. and Son, S.-W.: Tropical Cold-Point Tropopause: Climatology, Seasonal
Cycle, and Intraseasonal Variability Derived from COSMIC GPS Radio
Occultation Measurements, J. Climate, 25, 5343–5360, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00554.1, 2012.
Lee, K.-O., Dauhut, T., Chaboureau, J.-P., Khaykin, S., Krämer, M., and Rolf, C.:
Convective hydration in the tropical tropopause layer during the StratoClim aircraft
campaign: Pathway of an observed hydration patch, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2018-1114, in review, 2018.
Liu, C. and Zipser, E. J.: Global distribution of convection penetrating the
tropical tropopause, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 110, D23104,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006063, 2005.
Liu, C. and Zipser, E. J.: The global distribution of largest, deepest, and most
intense precipitation systems, Geophys. Res. Lett., 42, 3591–3595, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL063776,
2015.
Liu, C., Zipser, E., Garrett, T., Jiang, J. H., and Su, H.: How do the water vapor
and carbon monoxide “tape recorders” start near the tropical tropopause?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L09804, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL029234,
2007.
Livesey, N. J., Read, W. G., and Wagner, P. A.: Earth Observing System
(EOS) Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) version 4.2x Level
2 data quality and description document. Jet Propulsion Laboratory Tech. Rep. JPL, available
at: https://mls.jpl.nasa.gov/data/v4-2_data_quality_document.pdf (last access: 7 May 2019),
2017.
Mehta, S. K., Krishna Murthy, B. V., Narayana Rao, D., Venkat Ratnam, M.,
Parameswaran, K., Rajeev, K., Suresh Raju, C., and Kusuma, G. R.:
Identification of tropical convective tropopause and its association with
cold point tropopause, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D00B04, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD009625, 2008.
Millán, L., Read, W., Kasai, Y., Lambert, A., Livesey, N., Mendrok, J.,
Sagawa, H., Sano, T., Shiotani, M., and Wu, D. L.: SMILES ice cloud products,
J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 118, 6468–6477, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50322,
2013.
Nesbitt, S. W., Zipser, E. J., and Cecil, D. J.: A Census of Precipitation
Features in the Tropics Using TRMM: Radar, Ice Scattering, and Lightning
Observations, J. Climate, 13, 4087–4106, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<4087:ACOPFI>2.0.CO;2, 2000.
Newell, R. E. and Gould-Stewart, S.: A Stratospheric Fountain?, J.
Atmos. Sci., 38, 2789–2796,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1981)038<2789:ASF>2.0.CO;2, 1981.
Pereira, L. G. and Rutledge, S. A.: Diurnal Cycle of Shallow and Deep
Convection for a Tropical Land and an Ocean Environment and Its Relationship
to Synoptic Wind Regimes, Mon. Weather Rev., 134, 2688–2701, https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR3181.1, 2006.
Peter, T., Marcolli, C., Spichtinger, P., Corti, T., Baker, M. B., and Koop, T.:
When dry air is too humid, Science, 314, 1399–1402, 2006.
Pommereau, J.-P.: Troposphere-to-stratosphere transport in the tropics,
Comptes Rendus Geoscience, 342, 331–338, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crte.2009.10.015,
2010.
Randel, W. J. and Jensen, E. J.: Physical processes in the tropical tropopause
layer and their role in a changing climate, Nat. Geosci., 6, 169–176, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1733,
2013.
Schoeberl, M. R., Jensen, E. J., Pfister, L., Ueyama, R., Avery, M., and
Dessler, A. E.: Convective hydration of the upper troposphere and lower
stratosphere, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 123,
4583–4593, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JD028286, 2018.
Soden, B. J., Held, I. M., Colman, R., Shell, K. M., Kiehl, J. T., and Shields, C. A.:
Quantifying Climate Feedbacks Using Radiative Kernels, J. Climate, 21, 3504–3520, https://doi.org/10.1175/2007JCLI2110.1,
2008.
Solomon, S., Rosenlof, K. H., Portmann, R. W., Daniel, J. S., Davis, S. M., Sanford, T. J., and Plattner, G. K.:
Contributions of stratospheric water vapor to decadal changes in the rate of global warming, Science,
327, 1219–1223, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999RG900008, 2010.
Stuart-Menteth, A. C., Robinson, I. S., and Challenor, P. G.: A global study of diurnal
warming using satellite-derived sea surface temperature, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 108, 951–953,
2003.
Suneeth, K. V., Das, S. S., and Das, S. K.: Diurnal variability of the global
tropical tropopause: results inferred from COSMIC observations, Clim. Dynam., 49, 3277–3292,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-016-3512-x, 2017.
Takahashi, H. and Luo, Z. J.: Characterizing tropical overshooting deep
convection from joint analysis of CloudSat and geostationary satellite
observations, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 119, 112–121,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JD020972, 2014.
Ueyama, R., Jensen, E. J., Pfister, L., and Kim, J.-E.: Dynamical,
convective, and microphysical control on wintertime distributions of water
vapour and clouds in the tropical tropopause layer, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 120, 2015JD023318, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JD023318, 2015.
Wong, S. and Dessler, A., E.: Regulation of H2O an CO in tropical
tropopause layer by the Madden-Julian oscillation, J. Geophys. Res., 112,
D14305, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007940, 2007.
Wright, J. S., Fu, R., Fueglistaler, S., Liu, Y. S., and Zhang, Y.: The
influence of summertime convection over Southeast Asia on water vapor in the
tropical stratosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D12302,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD015416, 2011.
Yang, G.-Y. and Slingo, J.: The diurnal cycle in the tropics, Mon. Weather
Rev., 129, 784–801, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(2001)129<0784:TDCITT>2.0.CO;2, 2001.
Zhang, C.: Madden–Julian Oscillation: Bridging Weather and Climate, B.
Am. Meteorol. Soc., 94, 1849–1870, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00026.1,
2013.
Zhou, C., Dessler, A. E., Zelinka, M. D., Yang, P., and Wang, T.: Cirrus
feedback on interannual climate
fluctuations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 41, 9166–9173,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL062095, 2014.
Short summary
Water vapour and ice cirrus clouds near the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) have a strong radiative impact on climate. Based on space-borne observations, we have developed a model linking ice in the upper troposphere from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) to precipitation in the troposphere from the Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM). Our study quantifies the amount of ice injected into the TTL by deep convection over tropical lands and oceans by investigating the diurnal cycle of ice.
Water vapour and ice cirrus clouds near the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) have a strong...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint