Articles | Volume 18, issue 8
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-5235-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-5235-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
18 Apr 2018
Research article |
| 18 Apr 2018
| 18 Apr 2018
Determination of the refractive index of insoluble organic extracts from atmospheric aerosol over the visible wavelength range using optical tweezers
Rosalie H. Shepherd
Central Laser Facility, Research Complex, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Oxford, OX11 0FA, UK
Department of Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK
Department of Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK
Amelia A. Marks
British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK
Neil Brough
British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK
Andrew D. Ward
Central Laser Facility, Research Complex, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Oxford, OX11 0FA, UK
Related authors
No articles found.
Adam Milsom, Adam M. Squires, Ben Laurence, Ben Wōden, Andrew J. Smith, Andrew D. Ward, and Christian Pfrang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-905, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-905, 2024
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
We followed nano-structural changes in mixtures found in urban organic aerosol emissions (oleic acid, sodium oleate & fructose) during humidity change & ozone exposure. We demonstrate that self-assembly of fatty acid nanostructures can impact on water uptake & chemical reactivity affecting atmospheric lifetimes, urban air quality (protecting harmful emissions from degradation and enabling their long-range transport) & climate (affecting cloud formation) with implications for human health.
Maxim L. Lamare, John D. Hedley, and Martin D. King
The Cryosphere, 17, 737–751, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-737-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-737-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The reflectivity of sea ice is crucial for modern climate change and for monitoring sea ice from satellites. The reflectivity depends on the angle at which the ice is viewed and the angle illuminated. The directional reflectivity is calculated as a function of viewing angle, illuminating angle, thickness, wavelength and surface roughness. Roughness cannot be considered independent of thickness, illumination angle and the wavelength. Remote sensors will use the data to image sea ice from space.
Benjamin Heikki Redmond Roche and Martin D. King
The Cryosphere, 16, 3949–3970, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-3949-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-3949-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Sea ice is bright, playing an important role in reflecting incoming solar radiation. The reflectivity of sea ice is affected by the presence of pollutants, such as crude oil, even at low concentrations. Modelling how the brightness of three types of sea ice is affected by increasing concentrations of crude oils shows that the type of oil, the type of ice, the thickness of the ice, and the size of the oil droplets are important factors. This shows that sea ice is vulnerable to oil pollution.
Adam Milsom, Adam M. Squires, Andrew D. Ward, and Christian Pfrang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 4895–4907, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4895-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4895-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Cooking emissions can self-organise into nanostructured lamellar bilayers, and this can influence reaction kinetics. We developed a kinetic multi-layer model-based description of decay data we obtained from laboratory experiments of the ozonolysis of coated films of such a self-organised system, demonstrating a decreased diffusivity for both oleic acid and ozone. Nanostructure formation can thus increase the reactive half-life of oleic acid by days under typical indoor and outdoor conditions.
Adam Milsom, Adam M. Squires, Jacob A. Boswell, Nicholas J. Terrill, Andrew D. Ward, and Christian Pfrang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 15003–15021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15003-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15003-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Atmospheric aerosols can be solid, semi-solid or liquid. This phase state may impact key aerosol processes such as oxidation and water uptake, affecting cloud droplet formation and urban air pollution. We have observed a solid crystalline organic phase in a levitated proxy for cooking emissions, oleic acid. Spatially resolved structural changes were followed during ageing by X-ray scattering, revealing phase gradients, aggregate products and a markedly reduced ozonolysis reaction rate.
Thomas Lachlan-Cope, David C. S. Beddows, Neil Brough, Anna E. Jones, Roy M. Harrison, Angelo Lupi, Young Jun Yoon, Aki Virkkula, and Manuel Dall'Osto
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 4461–4476, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-4461-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-4461-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We present a statistical cluster analysis of the physical characteristics of particle size distributions collected at Halley (Antarctica) for the year 2015. Complex interactions between multiple ecosystems, coupled with different atmospheric circulation, result in very different aerosol size distributions populating the Southern Hemisphere.
Hoi Ga Chan, Markus M. Frey, and Martin D. King
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 1507–1534, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-1507-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-1507-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Emissions of reactive nitrogen from snowpacks influence remote air quality. Two physical air–snow models for nitrate were developed. One assumes that below a threshold temperature the air–snow grain interface is pure ice and above it a disordered interface emerges. The other assumes an air–ice interface below melting and that any liquid present is concentrated in micropockets. Only the latter matches observations at two Antarctic lcoations covering a wide range of environmental conditions.
Amelia A. Marks, Maxim L. Lamare, and Martin D. King
The Cryosphere, 11, 2867–2881, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-2867-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-2867-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Arctic sea ice extent is declining rapidly. Prediction of sea ice trends relies on sea ice models that need to be evaluated with real data. A realistic sea ice environment is created in a laboratory by the Royal Holloway sea ice simulator and is used to show a sea ice model can replicate measured properties of sea ice, e.g. reflectance. Black carbon, a component of soot found in atmospheric pollution, is also experimentally shown to reduce the sea ice reflectance, which could exacerbate melting.
Ian Crawford, Martin W. Gallagher, Keith N. Bower, Thomas W. Choularton, Michael J. Flynn, Simon Ruske, Constantino Listowski, Neil Brough, Thomas Lachlan-Cope, Zoë L. Fleming, Virginia E. Foot, and Warren R. Stanley
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 14291–14307, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-14291-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-14291-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We present the first real-time detection of bioparticles on the Antarctic continent using a novel UV-LIF technique. The high time resolution of the technique allowed us to examine the relationships between bioparticle concentrations and airmass history and local winds, which would not have been possible with conventional high-volume filter sampling techniques. We also show evidence of episodic long-range transport of pollen from coastal South America to the continent.
Michel Legrand, Susanne Preunkert, Joël Savarino, Markus M. Frey, Alexandre Kukui, Detlev Helmig, Bruno Jourdain, Anna E. Jones, Rolf Weller, Neil Brough, and Hubert Gallée
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 8053–8069, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-8053-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-8053-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Surface ozone, the most abundant atmospheric oxidant, has been measured since 2004 at the coastal East Antarctic site of Dumont d’Urville, and since 2007 at the Concordia station located on the high East Antarctic plateau. Long-term changes, seasonal and diurnal cycles, as well as inter-annual summer variability observed at these two East Antarctic sites are discussed. Influences like sea ice extent and outflow from inland Antarctica are discussed.
M. L. Lamare, J. Lee-Taylor, and M. D. King
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 843–860, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-843-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-843-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The decrease in reflectivity (albedo) of sea ice and snow containing mineral dusts and volcanic ashes is calculated. The type of snow and sea ice, the thickness and the layering of mineral aerosol deposits are varied. The results show that the response of the albedo of snow and sea ice to mineral aerosol deposits is more sensitive to the type of snow or sea ice than to the properties of the mineral aerosol deposits themselves.
M. M. Frey, H. K. Roscoe, A. Kukui, J. Savarino, J. L. France, M. D. King, M. Legrand, and S. Preunkert
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 7859–7875, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-7859-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-7859-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Surprisingly large concentrations and flux of atmospheric nitrogen oxides were measured at Dome C, East Antarctica. It was found that the surface snow holds a significant reservoir of photochemically produced NOx and is a sink of gas-phase ozone. Main drivers of NOx snow emissions were large snow nitrate concentrations, with contributions of increased UV from decreases in stratospheric ozone. Observed halogen and hydroxyl radical concentrations were too low to explain large NO2:NO ratios.
H. G. Chan, M. D. King, and M. M. Frey
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 7913–7927, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-7913-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-7913-2015, 2015
S. Preunkert, M. Legrand, M. M. Frey, A. Kukui, J. Savarino, H. Gallée, M. King, B. Jourdain, W. Vicars, and D. Helmig
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 6689–6705, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-6689-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-6689-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
During two austral summers HCHO was investigated in air, snow, and interstitial air at the Concordia site located on the East Antarctic Plateau. Snow emission fluxes were estimated to be around 1 to 2 and 3 to 5 x 10^12 molecules m-2 s-1 at night and at noon, respectively. Shading experiments suggest that the photochemical HCHO production in the snowpack at Concordia remains negligible. The mean HCHO level of 130pptv observed at 1m above the surface is quite well reproduced by 1-D simulations.
A. Kukui, M. Legrand, S. Preunkert, M. M. Frey, R. Loisil, J. Gil Roca, B. Jourdain, M. D. King, J. L. France, and G. Ancellet
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 12373–12392, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-12373-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-12373-2014, 2014
Short summary
Short summary
Concentrations of OH radicals and the sum of peroxy radicals, RO2, were measured in the boundary layer for the first time on the East Antarctic Plateau at the Concordia Station during the austral summer 2011/2012. The concentrations of radicals were comparable to those observed at the South Pole, confirming that the elevated oxidative capacity of the Antarctic atmospheric boundary layer found at the South Pole is not restricted to the South Pole but common over the high Antarctic plateau.
A. E. Jones, N. Brough, P. S. Anderson, and E. W. Wolff
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 11843–11851, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-11843-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-11843-2014, 2014
Short summary
Short summary
We report observations of nitric acid and peroxynitric acid, in coastal Antarctica during winter. During winter, it is dark 24h per day, so there is no influence of sunlight on atmospheric composition. We show that observed variability in concentrations is highly correlated with changes in temperature. We derive enthalpies of adsorption and show they are consistent with those derived in laboratory studies. The Antarctic, during winter, is an ideal natural laboratory to study air-snow exchange.
M. Legrand, S. Preunkert, M. Frey, Th. Bartels-Rausch, A. Kukui, M. D. King, J. Savarino, M. Kerbrat, and B. Jourdain
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 9963–9976, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-9963-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-9963-2014, 2014
A. A. Marks and M. D. King
The Cryosphere, 8, 1625–1638, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-8-1625-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-8-1625-2014, 2014
Q. Libois, G. Picard, J. L. France, L. Arnaud, M. Dumont, C. M. Carmagnola, and M. D. King
The Cryosphere, 7, 1803–1818, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-1803-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-1803-2013, 2013
A. A. Marks and M. D. King
The Cryosphere, 7, 1193–1204, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-1193-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-1193-2013, 2013
M. M. Frey, N. Brough, J. L. France, P. S. Anderson, O. Traulle, M. D. King, A. E. Jones, E. W. Wolff, and J. Savarino
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 3045–3062, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-3045-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-3045-2013, 2013
A. E. Jones, E. W. Wolff, N. Brough, S. J.-B. Bauguitte, R. Weller, M. Yela, M. Navarro-Comas, H. A. Ochoa, and N. Theys
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 1457–1467, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-1457-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-1457-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Subject: Aerosols | Research Activity: Laboratory Studies | Altitude Range: Troposphere | Science Focus: Physics (physical properties and processes)
Contribution of brown carbon to light absorption in emissions of European residential biomass combustion appliances
Measurement report: Water diffusion in single suspended phase-separated aerosols
Water activity and surface tension of aqueous ammonium sulfate and D-glucose aerosol nanoparticles
Jet aircraft lubrication oil droplets as contrail ice-forming particles
A study on the influence of inorganic ions, organic carbon and microstructure on the hygroscopic property of soot
Is transport of microplastics different from mineral particles? Idealized wind tunnel studies on polyethylene microspheres
Insights into secondary organic aerosol formation from the day- and nighttime oxidation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and furans in an oxidation flow reactor
Technical note: Characterization of a single-beam gradient force aerosol optical tweezer for droplet trapping, phase transitions monitoring, and morphology studies
Analysis of insoluble particles in hailstones in China
Soot aerosol from commercial aviation engines are poor ice nucleating particles at cirrus cloud temperatures
Influence of acidity on liquid–liquid phase transitions of mixed secondary organic aerosol (SOA) proxy–inorganic aerosol droplets
Deposition freezing, pore condensation freezing and adsorption: three processes, one description?
Measurements and calculations of enhanced side- and back-scattering of visible radiation by black carbon aggregates
Modeling the influence of carbon branching structure on SOA formation via multiphase reactions of alkanes
Direct observation for relative-humidity-dependent mixing states of submicron particles containing organic surfactants and inorganic salts
Complex refractive index and single scattering albedo of Icelandic dust in the shortwave part of the spectrum
Volatility of aerosol particles from NO3 oxidation of various biogenic organic precursors
Saturation vapor pressure characterization of selected low-volatility organic compounds using a residence time chamber
Influence of the previous North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) on the spring dust aerosols over North China
HUB: a method to model and extract the distribution of ice nucleation temperatures from drop-freezing experiments
Size-dependent hygroscopicity of levoglucosan and D-glucose aerosol nanoparticles
Technical note: Sublimation of frozen CsCl solutions in an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) – determining the number and size of salt particles relevant to sea salt aerosols
Microphysics of liquid water in sub-10 nm ultrafine aerosol particles
Comparing the ice nucleation properties of the kaolin minerals kaolinite and halloysite
Physicochemical properties of charcoal aerosols derived from biomass pyrolysis affect their ice-nucleating abilities at cirrus and mixed-phase cloud conditions
Reconsideration of surface tension and phase state effects on cloud condensation nuclei activity based on the atomic force microscopy measurement
Hygroscopicity and CCN potential of DMS-derived aerosol particles
Hybrid water adsorption and solubility partitioning for aerosol hygroscopicity and droplet growth
Experimental development of a lake spray source function and its model implementation for Great Lakes surface emissions
The effectiveness of the coagulation sink of 3–10 nm atmospheric particles
What caused the interdecadal shift in the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) impact on dust mass concentration over northwestern South Asia?
Measurement report: An exploratory study of fluorescence and cloud condensation nuclei activity of urban aerosols in San Juan, Puerto Rico
Viscosity and physical state of sucrose mixed with ammonium sulfate droplets
Distribution and stable carbon isotopic composition of dicarboxylic acids, ketocarboxylic acids and α-dicarbonyls in fresh and aged biomass burning aerosols
Time dependence of heterogeneous ice nucleation by ambient aerosols: laboratory observations and a formulation for models
Laboratory studies of ice nucleation onto bare and internally mixed soot–sulfuric acid particles
Enhanced soot particle ice nucleation ability induced by aggregate compaction and densification
Opinion: Insights into updating Ambient Air Quality Directive 2008/50/EC
On the evolution of sub- and super-saturated water uptake of secondary organic aerosol in chamber experiments from mixed precursors
Hygroscopicity of organic compounds as a function of organic functionality, water solubility, molecular weight, and oxidation level
Particle emissions from a modern heavy-duty diesel engine as ice nuclei in immersion freezing mode: a laboratory study on fossil and renewable fuels
Comparison of saturation vapor pressures of α-pinene + O3 oxidation products derived from COSMO-RS computations and thermal desorption experiments
Physical and chemical properties of black carbon and organic matter from different combustion and photochemical sources using aerodynamic aerosol classification
Technical note: Pyrolysis principles explain time-resolved organic aerosol release from biomass burning
The effect of (NH4)2SO4 on the freezing properties of non-mineral dust ice-nucleating substances of atmospheric relevance
Heterogeneous ice nucleation ability of aerosol particles generated from Arctic sea surface microlayer and surface seawater samples at cirrus temperatures
Aerosol formation and growth rates from chamber experiments using Kalman smoothing
Phase state of secondary organic aerosol in chamber photo-oxidation of mixed precursors
Ice nucleation on surrogates of boreal forest SOA particles: effect of water content and oxidative age
Viscosity and phase state of aerosol particles consisting of sucrose mixed with inorganic salts
Satish Basnet, Anni Hartikainen, Aki Virkkula, Pasi Yli-Pirilä, Miika Kortelainen, Heikki Suhonen, Laura Kilpeläinen, Mika Ihalainen, Sampsa Väätäinen, Juho Louhisalmi, Markus Somero, Jarkko Tissari, Gert Jakobi, Ralf Zimmermann, Antti Kilpeläinen, and Olli Sippula
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3197–3215, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3197-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3197-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Brown carbon (BrC) emissions were estimated, for residential wood combustion (RWC) from various northern European appliances, utilizing an extensive seven-wavelength aethalometer dataset and thermal–optical carbon analysis. The contribution of BrC370–950 to the absorption of visible light varied between 1 % and 21 %, and was linked with fuel moisture content and combustion efficiency. This study provides important information required for assessing the climate effects of RWC emissions.
Yu-Kai Tong, Zhijun Wu, Min Hu, and Anpei Ye
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2937–2950, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2937-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2937-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The interplay between aerosols and moisture is one of the most crucial atmospheric processes. However, to date, literature results on the influence of phase separation on water diffusion in aerosols are divergent. This work directly unveiled the water diffusion process in single suspended phase-separated microdroplets and quantitatively analyzed the diffusion rate and extent. The results show that diffusion limitations and certain molecule clusters existed in the phase-separated aerosols.
Eugene F. Mikhailov, Sergey S. Vlasenko, and Alexei A. Kiselev
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2971–2984, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2971-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2971-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Surface tension and water activity are key thermodynamic parameters determining the impact of atmospheric aerosols on human health and climate. However, these parameters are not well constrained for nanoparticles composed of organic and inorganic compounds. In this study, we determined for the first time the water activity and surface tension of mixed organic/inorganic nanodroplets by applying a differential Köhler analysis (DKA) to hygroscopic growth measurements.
Joel Ponsonby, Leon King, Benjamin J. Murray, and Marc E. J. Stettler
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2045–2058, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2045-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2045-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol emissions from aircraft engines contribute to the formation of contrails, which have a climate impact as important as that of aviation’s CO2 emissions. For the first time, we experimentally investigate the freezing behaviour of water droplets formed on jet lubrication oil aerosol. We show that they can activate to form water droplets and discuss their potential impact on contrail formation. Our study has implications for contrails produced by future aircraft engine and fuel technologies.
Zhanyu Su, Lanxiadi Chen, Yuan Liu, Peng Zhang, Tianzeng Chen, Biwu Chu, Mingjin Tang, Qingxin Ma, and Hong He
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 993–1003, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-993-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-993-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, different soot particles were analyzed to better understand their behavior. It was discovered that water-soluble substances in soot facilitate water adsorption at low humidity while increasing the number of water layers at high humidity. Soot from organic fuels exhibits hygroscopicity influenced by organic carbon and microstructure. Additionally, the presence of sulfate ions due to the oxidation of SO2 enhances soot's hygroscopicity.
Eike Maximilian Esders, Sebastian Sittl, Inka Krammel, Wolfgang Babel, Georg Papastavrou, and Christoph Karl Thomas
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 15835–15851, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15835-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15835-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Do microplastics behave differently from mineral particles when they are exposed to wind? We observed plastic and mineral particles in a wind tunnel and measured at what wind speeds the particles start to move. The results indicate that microplastics start to move at smaller wind speeds as they weigh less and are less sticky. Hence, we think that microplastics also move more easily in the environment.
Abd El Rahman El Mais, Barbara D'Anna, Luka Drinovec, Andrew T. Lambe, Zhe Peng, Jean-Eudes Petit, Olivier Favez, Selim Aït-Aïssa, and Alexandre Albinet
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 15077–15096, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15077-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15077-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHS) and furans are key precursors of secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) related to biomass burning emissions. We evaluated and compared the formation yields, and the physical and light absorption properties, of laboratory-generated SOAs from the oxidation of such compounds for both, day- and nighttime reactivities. The results illustrate that PAHs are large SOA precursors and may contribute significantly to the biomass burning brown carbon in the atmosphere.
Xiangyu Pei, Yikan Meng, Yueling Chen, Huichao Liu, Yao Song, Zhengning Xu, Fei Zhang, Thomas C. Preston, and Zhibin Wang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2238, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2238, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
An aerosol optical tweezer (AOT)-Raman spectroscopy system is developed to capture single aerosol droplet for phase transitions monitoring and morphology studies. Rapid droplet capture is achieved and accurate droplet size and refractive index are retrieved. Results indicate that inorganic/organic mixed droplets are more inclined to form core-shell morphology when RH decreases. The phase transitions of secondary organic aerosol/inorganic mixed droplets vary with their precursors.
Haifan Zhang, Xiangyu Lin, Qinghong Zhang, Kai Bi, Chan-Pang Ng, Yangze Ren, Huiwen Xue, Li Chen, and Zhuolin Chang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 13957–13971, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13957-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13957-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This work is the first study to simultaneously analyze the number concentrations and species of insoluble particles in hailstones. The size distribution of insoluble particles for each species vary greatly in different hailstorms but little in shells. Two classic size distribution modes of organics and dust were fitted for the description of insoluble particles in deep convection. Combining this study with future experiments will lead to refinement of weather and climate models.
Baptiste Testa, Lukas Durdina, Peter A. Alpert, Fabian Mahrt, Christopher H. Dreimol, Jacinta Edebeli, Curdin Spirig, Zachary C. J. Decker, Julien Anet, and Zamin A. Kanji
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2441, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2441, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Laboratory experiments on the ice nucleation of real commercial aviation soot particles are investigated for their cirrus cloud formation potential. Our results show that aircraft emitted soot in the upper troposphere will be poor ice nucleating particles. Measuring the soot particle morphology and modifying their mixing state allows us to elucidate why these particles are ineffective at forming ice, in contrast to previously used soot surrogates.
Yueling Chen, Xiangyu Pei, Huichao Liu, Yikan Meng, Zhengning Xu, Fei Zhang, Chun Xiong, Thomas C. Preston, and Zhibin Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 10255–10265, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10255-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10255-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The impact of acidity on the phase transition behavior of levitated aerosol particles was examined. Our results revealed that lower acidity decreases the separation relative humidity of aerosol droplets mixed with ammonium sulfate and secondary organic aerosol proxy. Our research suggests that in real atmospheric conditions, with the high acidity found in many ambient aerosol particles, droplets encounter heightened impediments to phase separation and tend to display a homogeneous structure.
Mária Lbadaoui-Darvas, Ari Laaksonen, and Athanasios Nenes
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 10057–10074, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10057-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10057-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Heterogeneous ice nucleation is the main ice formation mechanism in clouds. The mechanism of different freezing modes is to date unknown, which results in large model biases. Experiments do not allow for direct observation of ice nucleation at its native resolution. This work uses first principles molecular simulations to determine the mechanism of the least-understood ice nucleation mode and link it to adsorption through a novel modeling framework that unites ice and droplet formation.
Carynelisa Haspel, Cuiqi Zhang, Martin J. Wolf, Daniel J. Cziczo, and Maor Sela
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 10091–10115, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10091-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10091-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Small particles, commonly termed aerosols, can be found throughout the atmosphere and come from both natural and anthropogenic sources. One important type of aerosol is black carbon (BC). In this study, we conducted laboratory measurements of light scattering by particles meant to mimic atmospheric BC and compared them to calculations of scattering. We find that it is likely that calculations underpredict the scattering by BC particles of certain polarizations of light in certain directions.
Azad Madhu, Myoseon Jang, and Yujin Jo
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1500, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1500, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
SOA formation from branched alkanes is simulated using the UNIPAR model which predicted SOA growth via multiphase reactions of hydrocarbons and compared with chamber data. Product distributions of branched alkanes were created by extrapolating product distributions of linear alkanes. To account for methyl branching, an autoxidation reduction factor was applied to product distributions. Branched alkanes in diesel fuel were shown to produce a higher proportion of SOA compared to linear alkanes.
Chun Xiong, Binyu Kuang, Fei Zhang, Xiangyu Pei, Zhengning Xu, and Zhibin Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8979–8991, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8979-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8979-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In hydration, an apparent water diffusion hindrance by an organic surfactant shell was confirmed, raising the inorganic deliquescence relative humidity (RH) to a nearly saturated condition. In dehydration, phase separations were observed for inorganic surfactant systems, showing a strong dependence on the organic molecular
oxygen-to-carbon ratio. Our results could improve fundamental knowledge about aerosol mixing states and decrease uncertainty in model estimations of global radiative effects.
Clarissa Baldo, Paola Formenti, Claudia Di Biagio, Gongda Lu, Congbo Song, Mathieu Cazaunau, Edouard Pangui, Jean-Francois Doussin, Pavla Dagsson-Waldhauserova, Olafur Arnalds, David Beddows, A. Robert MacKenzie, and Zongbo Shi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 7975–8000, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7975-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7975-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents new shortwave spectral complex refractive index and single scattering albedo data for Icelandic dust. Our results show that the imaginary part of the complex refractive index of Icelandic dust is at the upper end of the range of low-latitude dust. Furthermore, we observed that Icelandic dust is more absorbing towards the near-infrared, which we attribute to its high magnetite content. These findings are important for modeling dust aerosol radiative effects in the Arctic.
Emelie L. Graham, Cheng Wu, David M. Bell, Amelie Bertrand, Sophie L. Haslett, Urs Baltensperger, Imad El Haddad, Radovan Krejci, Ilona Riipinen, and Claudia Mohr
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 7347–7362, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7347-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7347-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The volatility of an aerosol particle is an important parameter for describing its atmospheric lifetime. We studied the volatility of secondary organic aerosols from nitrate-initiated oxidation of three biogenic precursors with experimental methods and model simulations. We saw higher volatility than for the corresponding ozone system, and our simulations produced variable results with different parameterizations which warrant a re-evaluation of the treatment of the nitrate functional group.
Zijun Li, Noora Hyttinen, Miika Vainikka, Olli-Pekka Tikkasalo, Siegfried Schobesberger, and Taina Yli-Juuti
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 6863–6877, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6863-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6863-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The saturation vapor pressure (psat) of low-volatility organic compounds (LVOCs) governs their partitioning between the gas and particle phases. To estimate the psat of selected LVOCs, we performed particle evaporation measurements in a residence time chamber at a temperature setting relevant to atmospheric aerosol formation and conducted state-of-the-art computational calculations. We found good agreement between the experimentally measured and model-estimated psat values for most LVOCs.
Yan Li, Falei Xu, Juan Feng, Mengying Du, Wenjun Song, Chao Li, and Wenjing Zhao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 6021–6042, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6021-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6021-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
There is a significantly negative relationship between boreal winter North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and dust aerosols (DAs) in the eastern part of China (30–40°N, 105–120°E), which is not a DA source area but is severely affected by the dust events (DEs). Under the effect of the NAO negative phase, main atmospheric circulation during the DEs is characterized by variation of the transient eddy flux. The work is of reference value to the prediction of DEs and the understanding of their causes.
Ingrid de Almeida Ribeiro, Konrad Meister, and Valeria Molinero
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 5623–5639, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5623-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5623-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Ice formation is a key atmospheric process facilitated by a wide range of aerosols. We present a method to model and interpret ice nucleation experiments and extract the distribution of the potency of nucleation sites. We use the method to optimize the conditions of laboratory sampling and extract distributions of ice nucleation temperatures from bacteria, fungi, and pollen. These reveal unforeseen subpopulations of nuclei in these systems and how they respond to changes in their environment.
Ting Lei, Hang Su, Nan Ma, Ulrich Pöschl, Alfred Wiedensohler, and Yafang Cheng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 4763–4774, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4763-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4763-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the hygroscopic behavior of levoglucosan and D-glucose nanoparticles using a nano-HTDMA. There is a weak size dependence of the hygroscopic growth factor of levoglucosan and D-glucose with diameters down to 20 nm, while a strong size dependence of the hygroscopic growth factor of D-glucose has been clearly observed in the size range 6 to 20 nm. The use of the DKA method leads to good agreement with the hygroscopic growth factor of glucose nanoparticles with diameters down to 6 nm.
Lubica Vetráková, Vilém Neděla, Kamila Závacká, Xin Yang, and Dominik Heger
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 4463–4488, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4463-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4463-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Salt aerosols are important to polar atmospheric chemistry and global climate. Therefore, we utilized a unique electron microscope to identify the most suitable conditions for formation of the small salt (CsCl) particles, proxies of the aerosols, from sublimating salty snow. Very low sublimation temperature and low salt concentration are needed for formation of such particles. These observations may help us to better understand polar spring ozone depletion and bromine explosion events.
Xiaohan Li and Ian C. Bourg
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 2525–2556, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2525-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2525-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol particles with sizes smaller than 50 nm impact cloud formation and precipitation. Representation of this effect is hindered by limited understanding of the properties of liquid water in these particles. Our simulations of aerosol particles containing salt or organic compounds reveal that water enters a less cohesive phase at droplet sizes below 4 nm. This effect causes important deviations from theoretical predictions of aerosol properties, including phase state and hygroscopic growth.
Kristian Klumpp, Claudia Marcolli, Ana Alonso-Hellweg, Christopher H. Dreimol, and Thomas Peter
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 1579–1598, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1579-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1579-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The prerequisites of a particle surface for efficient ice nucleation are still poorly understood. This study compares the ice nucleation activity of two chemically identical but morphologically different minerals (kaolinite and halloysite). We observe, on average, not only higher ice nucleation activities for halloysite than kaolinite but also higher diversity between individual samples. We identify the particle edges as being the most likely site for ice nucleation.
Fabian Mahrt, Carolin Rösch, Kunfeng Gao, Christopher H. Dreimol, Maria A. Zawadowicz, and Zamin A. Kanji
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 1285–1308, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1285-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1285-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Major aerosol types emitted by biomass burning include soot, ash, and charcoal particles. Here, we investigated the ice nucleation activity of 400 nm size-selected particles of two different pyrolyis-derived charcoal types in the mixed phase and cirrus cloud regime. We find that ice nucleation is constrained to cirrus cloud conditions, takes place via pore condensation and freezing, and is largely governed by the particle porosity and mineral content.
Chun Xiong, Xueyan Chen, Xiaolei Ding, Binyu Kuang, Xiangyu Pei, Zhengning Xu, Shikuan Yang, Huan Hu, and Zhibin Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 16123–16135, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-16123-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-16123-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Water surface tension is applied widely in current aerosol–cloud models but could be inappropriate in the presence of atmospheric surfactants. With cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activity and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurement results of mixed inorganic salt and dicarboxylic acid particles, we concluded that surface tension reduction and phase state should be carefully considered in aerosol–cloud interactions. Our results could help to decease uncertainties in climate models.
Bernadette Rosati, Sini Isokääntä, Sigurd Christiansen, Mads Mørk Jensen, Shamjad P. Moosakutty, Robin Wollesen de Jonge, Andreas Massling, Marianne Glasius, Jonas Elm, Annele Virtanen, and Merete Bilde
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 13449–13466, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13449-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13449-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Sulfate aerosols have a strong influence on climate. Due to the reduction in sulfur-based fossil fuels, natural sulfur emissions play an increasingly important role. Studies investigating the climate relevance of natural sulfur aerosols are scarce. We study the water uptake of such particles in the laboratory, demonstrating a high potential to take up water and form cloud droplets. During atmospheric transit, chemical processing affects the particles’ composition and thus their water uptake.
Kanishk Gohil, Chun-Ning Mao, Dewansh Rastogi, Chao Peng, Mingjin Tang, and Akua Asa-Awuku
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 12769–12787, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12769-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12769-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The Hybrid Activity Model (HAM) is a promising new droplet growth model that can be potentially used for the analysis of any type of atmospheric compound. HAM may potentially improve the representation of hygroscopicity of organic aerosols in large-scale global climate models (GCMs), hence reducing the uncertainties in the climate forcing due to the aerosol indirect effect.
Charbel Harb and Hosein Foroutan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 11759–11779, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11759-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11759-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A model representation of lake spray aerosol (LSA) ejection from freshwater breaking waves is crucial for understanding their climatic and public health impacts. We develop an LSA emission parameterization and implement it in an atmospheric model to investigate Great Lakes surface emissions. We find that the same breaking wave is likely to produce fewer aerosols in freshwater than in saltwater and that Great Lakes emissions influence the regional aerosol burden and can reach the cloud layer.
Runlong Cai, Ella Häkkinen, Chao Yan, Jingkun Jiang, Markku Kulmala, and Juha Kangasluoma
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 11529–11541, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11529-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11529-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The influences of new particle formation on the climate and air quality are governed by particle survival, which has been under debate due to uncertainties in the coagulation sink. Here we measure the coagulation coefficient of sub-10 nm particles and demonstrate that collisions between the freshly nucleated and background particles can effectively lead to coagulation. We further show that the effective coagulation sink is consistent with the new particle formation measured in urban Beijing.
Lamei Shi, Jiahua Zhang, Da Zhang, Jingwen Wang, Xianglei Meng, Yuqin Liu, and Fengmei Yao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 11255–11274, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11255-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11255-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Dust impacts climate and human life. Analyzing the interdecadal change in dust activity and its influence factors is crucial for disaster mitigation. Based on a linear regression method, this study revealed the interdecadal variability of relationships between ENSO and dust over northwestern South Asia from 1982 to 2014 and analyzed the effects of atmospheric factors on this interdecadal variability. The result sheds new light on numerical simulation involving the interdecadal variation of dust.
Bighnaraj Sarangi, Darrel Baumgardner, Benjamin Bolaños-Rosero, and Olga L. Mayol-Bracero
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 9647–9661, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9647-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9647-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Here, the fluorescent characteristics and cloud-forming efficiency of aerosols at an urban site in Puerto Rico are discussed. The results from this pilot study highlight the capabilities of ultraviolet-induced fluorescence (UV-IF) measurements for characterizing the properties of fluorescing aerosol particles, as they relate to the daily evolution of primary biological aerosol particles. This work has established a database of measurements on which future, longer-term studies will be initiated.
Rani Jeong, Joseph Lilek, Andreas Zuend, Rongshuang Xu, Man Nin Chan, Dohyun Kim, Hi Gyu Moon, and Mijung Song
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 8805–8817, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8805-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8805-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, the viscosities of particles of sucrose–H2O, AS–H2O, and sucrose–AS–H2O for OIRs of 4:1, 1:1, and 1:4 for decreasing RH, were quantified by poke-and-flow and bead-mobility techniques at 293 ± 1 K. Based on the viscosity results, the particles of binary and ternary systems ranged from liquid to semisolid, and even the solid state depending on the RH. Moreover, we compared the measured viscosities of ternary systems to the predicted viscosities with excellent agreement.
Minxia Shen, Kin Fai Ho, Wenting Dai, Suixin Liu, Ting Zhang, Qiyuan Wang, Jingjing Meng, Judith C. Chow, John G. Watson, Junji Cao, and Jianjun Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 7489–7504, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7489-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7489-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Looking at characteristics and δ13C compositions of dicarboxylic acids and related compounds in BB aerosols, we used a combined combustion and aging system to generate fresh and aged aerosols from burning straw. The results showed the emission factors (EFaged) of total diacids of aging experiments were around an order of magnitude higher than EFfresh. This meant that dicarboxylic acids are involved with secondary photochemical processes in the atmosphere rather than primary emissions from BB.
Jonas K. F. Jakobsson, Deepak B. Waman, Vaughan T. J. Phillips, and Thomas Bjerring Kristensen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 6717–6748, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6717-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6717-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Long-lived cold-layer clouds at subzero temperatures are observed to be remarkably persistent in their generation of ice particles and snow precipitation. There is uncertainty about why this is so. This motivates the present lab study to observe the long-term ice-nucleating ability of aerosol samples from the real troposphere. Time dependence of their ice nucleation is observed to be weak in lab experiments exposing the samples to isothermal conditions for up to about 10 h.
Kunfeng Gao, Chong-Wen Zhou, Eszter J. Barthazy Meier, and Zamin A. Kanji
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 5331–5364, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5331-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5331-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Incomplete combustion of fossil fuel produces carbonaceous particles called soot. These particles can affect cloud formation by acting as centres for droplet or ice formation. The atmospheric residence time of soot particles is of the order of days to weeks, which can result in them becoming coated by various trace species in the atmosphere such as acids. In this study, we quantify the cirrus cloud-forming ability of soot particles coated with the atmospherically ubiquitous sulfuric acid.
Kunfeng Gao, Franz Friebel, Chong-Wen Zhou, and Zamin A. Kanji
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 4985–5016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4985-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4985-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Soot particles impact cloud formation and radiative properties in the upper atmosphere where aircraft emit carbonaceous particles. We use cloud chambers to mimic the upper atmosphere temperature and humidity to test the influence of the morphology of the soot particles on ice cloud formation. For particles larger than 200 nm, the compacted (densified) samples have a higher affinity for ice crystal formation in the cirrus regime than the fluffy (un-compacted) soot particles of the same sample.
Joel Kuula, Hilkka Timonen, Jarkko V. Niemi, Hanna E. Manninen, Topi Rönkkö, Tareq Hussein, Pak Lun Fung, Sasu Tarkoma, Mikko Laakso, Erkka Saukko, Aino Ovaska, Markku Kulmala, Ari Karppinen, Lasse Johansson, and Tuukka Petäjä
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 4801–4808, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4801-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4801-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Modern and up-to-date policies and air quality management strategies are instrumental in tackling global air pollution. As the European Union is preparing to revise Ambient Air Quality Directive 2008/50/EC, this paper initiates discussion on selected features of the directive that we believe would benefit from a reassessment. The scientific community has the most recent and deepest understanding of air pollution; thus, its contribution is essential.
Yu Wang, Aristeidis Voliotis, Dawei Hu, Yunqi Shao, Mao Du, Ying Chen, Judith Kleinheins, Claudia Marcolli, M. Rami Alfarra, and Gordon McFiggans
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 4149–4166, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4149-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4149-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol water uptake plays a key role in atmospheric physicochemical processes. We designed chamber experiments on aerosol water uptake of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from mixed biogenic and anthropogenic precursors with inorganic seed. Our results highlight this chemical composition influences the reconciliation of the sub- and super-saturated water uptake, providing laboratory evidence for understanding the chemical controls of water uptake of the multi-component aerosol.
Shuang Han, Juan Hong, Qingwei Luo, Hanbing Xu, Haobo Tan, Qiaoqiao Wang, Jiangchuan Tao, Yaqing Zhou, Long Peng, Yao He, Jingnan Shi, Nan Ma, Yafang Cheng, and Hang Su
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 3985–4004, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3985-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3985-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We present the hygroscopicity of 23 organic species with different physicochemical properties using a hygroscopicity tandem differential mobility analyzer (HTDMA) and compare the results with previous studies. Based on the hygroscopicity parameter κ, the influence of different physicochemical properties that potentially drive hygroscopicity, such as the functionality, water solubility, molar volume, and O : C ratio of organics, are examined separately.
Kimmo Korhonen, Thomas Bjerring Kristensen, John Falk, Vilhelm B. Malmborg, Axel Eriksson, Louise Gren, Maja Novakovic, Sam Shamun, Panu Karjalainen, Lassi Markkula, Joakim Pagels, Birgitta Svenningsson, Martin Tunér, Mika Komppula, Ari Laaksonen, and Annele Virtanen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 1615–1631, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1615-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1615-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated the ice-nucleating abilities of particulate emissions from a modern diesel engine using the portable ice-nuclei counter SPIN, a continuous-flow diffusion chamber instrument. Three different fuels were studied without blending, including fossil diesel and two renewable fuels, testing different emission aftertreatment systems and photochemical aging. We found that the diesel emissions were inefficient ice nuclei, and aging had no or little effect on their ice-nucleating abilities.
Noora Hyttinen, Iida Pullinen, Aki Nissinen, Siegfried Schobesberger, Annele Virtanen, and Taina Yli-Juuti
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 1195–1208, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1195-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1195-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Accurate saturation vapor pressure estimates of atmospherically relevant organic compounds are critical for modeling secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation. We investigated vapor pressures of highly oxygenated SOA constituents using state-of-the-art computational and experimental methods. We found a good agreement between low and extremely low vapor pressures estimated using the two methods, and the smallest molecules detected in our experiment were likely products of thermal decomposition.
Dawei Hu, M. Rami Alfarra, Kate Szpek, Justin M. Langridge, Michael I. Cotterell, Claire Belcher, Ian Rule, Zixia Liu, Chenjie Yu, Yunqi Shao, Aristeidis Voliotis, Mao Du, Brett Smith, Greg Smallwood, Prem Lobo, Dantong Liu, Jim M. Haywood, Hugh Coe, and James D. Allan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 16161–16182, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16161-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16161-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Here, we developed new techniques for investigating these properties in the laboratory and applied these to BC and BrC from different sources, including diesel exhaust, inverted propane flame and wood combustion. These have allowed us to quantify the changes in shape and chemical composition of different soots according to source and variables such as the moisture content of wood.
Mariam Fawaz, Anita Avery, Timothy B. Onasch, Leah R. Williams, and Tami C. Bond
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 15605–15618, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15605-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15605-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Biomass burning is responsible for 90 % of the emissions of primary organic aerosols to the atmosphere. Emissions from biomass burning sources are considered chaotic. In this work, we developed a controlled experimental approach to understand the controlling factors in emission. Our results showed that emissions are repeatable and deterministic and that emissions from wood can be constrained.
Soleil E. Worthy, Anand Kumar, Yu Xi, Jingwei Yun, Jessie Chen, Cuishan Xu, Victoria E. Irish, Pierre Amato, and Allan K. Bertram
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 14631–14648, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14631-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14631-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We studied the effect of (NH4)2SO4 on the immersion freezing of non-mineral dust ice-nucleating substances (INSs) and mineral dusts. (NH4)2SO4 had no effect on the median freezing temperature of 9 of the 10 tested non-mineral dust INSs, slightly decreased that of the other, and increased that of all the mineral dusts. The difference in the response of mineral dust and non-mineral dust INSs to (NH4)2SO4 suggests that they nucleate ice and/or interact with (NH4)2SO4 via different mechanisms.
Robert Wagner, Luisa Ickes, Allan K. Bertram, Nora Els, Elena Gorokhova, Ottmar Möhler, Benjamin J. Murray, Nsikanabasi Silas Umo, and Matthew E. Salter
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 13903–13930, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13903-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13903-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Sea spray aerosol particles are a mixture of inorganic salts and organic matter from phytoplankton organisms. At low temperatures in the upper troposphere, both inorganic and organic constituents can induce the formation of ice crystals and thereby impact cloud properties and climate. In this study, we performed experiments in a cloud simulation chamber with particles produced from Arctic seawater samples to quantify the relative contribution of inorganic and organic species in ice formation.
Matthew Ozon, Dominik Stolzenburg, Lubna Dada, Aku Seppänen, and Kari E. J. Lehtinen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 12595–12611, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-12595-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-12595-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Measuring the rate at which aerosol particles are formed is of importance for understanding climate change. We present an analysis method based on Kalman smoothing, which retrieves new particle formation and growth rates from size-distribution measurements. We apply it to atmospheric simulation chamber experiments and show that it agrees well with traditional methods. In addition, it provides reliable uncertainty estimates, and we suggest instrument design optimisation for signal processing.
Yu Wang, Aristeidis Voliotis, Yunqi Shao, Taomou Zong, Xiangxinyue Meng, Mao Du, Dawei Hu, Ying Chen, Zhijun Wu, M. Rami Alfarra, and Gordon McFiggans
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 11303–11316, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11303-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11303-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol phase behaviour plays a profound role in atmospheric physicochemical processes. We designed dedicated chamber experiments to study the phase state of secondary organic aerosol from biogenic and anthropogenic mixed precursors. Our results highlight the key role of the organic–inorganic ratio and relative humidity in phase state, but the sources and organic composition are less important. The result provides solid laboratory evidence for understanding aerosol phase in a complex atmosphere.
Ana A. Piedehierro, André Welti, Angela Buchholz, Kimmo Korhonen, Iida Pullinen, Ilkka Summanen, Annele Virtanen, and Ari Laaksonen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 11069–11078, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11069-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11069-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Ice crystals in cirrus clouds contain particles that start ice formation. We study whether particles forming above boreal forests can help in the making of cirrus clouds and if the water content in the particles affects this property. In the laboratory, we made boreal-forest-like particles and cooled and humidified them to measure whether an ice crystal develops. We found that only when dry can these particles form an ice crystal but no better than solution droplets.
Young-Chul Song, Joseph Lilek, Jae Bong Lee, Man Nin Chan, Zhijun Wu, Andreas Zuend, and Mijung Song
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 10215–10228, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10215-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10215-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We report viscosity of binary mixtures of organic material / H2O and inorganic salts / H2O, as well as ternary mixtures of organic material / inorganic salts/ H2O, over the atmospheric relative humidity (RH) range. The viscosity measurements indicate that the studied mixed organic–inorganic particles range in phase state from liquid to semi-solid or even solid across the atmospheric RH range at a temperature of 293 K.
Cited articles
Adler, G., Flores, J. M., Abo Riziq, A., Borrmann, S., and Rudich, Y.:
Chemical, physical, and optical evolution of biomass burning aerosols: a case
study, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 1491–1503, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-1491-2011,
2011.
Ajtai, T., Filep, A., Utry, N., Schnaiter, M., Linke, C., Bozoki, Z., Szabo,
G., and Leisner, T.: Inter-comparison of optical absorption coefficients of
atmospheric aerosols determined by a multi-wavelength photoacoustic
spectrometer and an Aethalometer under sub-urban wintry conditions,
J. Aerosol Sci., 42, 859–866, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2011.07.008, 2011.
Andreaea, M. O. and Rosenfeld, D.: Aerosol–cloud–precipitation
interactions. Part 1. The nature and sources of cloud-active aerosols,
Earth-Sci. Rev., 89, 13–41, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2008.03.001, 2008.
Arnold, A., Spock, D. E., and Folan, L. M.: Electric-field-modulated light
scattering near a morphological resonance of a trapped aerosol particle, Opt.
Lett., 15, 1111–1113, https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.15.001111, 1990.
Barkey, B., Paulson, S. E., and Chung, A.: Genetic Algorithm Inversion of
Dual Polarization Polar Nephelometer Data to Determine Aerosol Refractive
Index, Aerosol Sci. Tech., 41, 751–760, https://doi.org/10.1080/02786820701432640,
2007.
Beddows, D. C. S., Donovan, R. J., Heal, M. R., King, M. D., Nicholson, D.
H., and Thompson, K. C.: Correlations in the chemical composition of rural
background atmospheric aerosol in the UK determined in real time using
time-of-flight mass spectrometry, J. Environ. Monitor., 2, 124–133,
https://doi.org/10.1039/B311209H, 2004.
Blanchard, D. C.: Material, Sea-to-Air Transport of Surface Active, Science,
146, 396–397, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.146.3642.396, 1964.
Bligh, E. G. and Dyer, W. J.: A rapid method of total lipid extraction and
purification, Can. J. Biochem. Phys., 37, 497–509, 1959.
Bohren, C. F. and Huffman, D. R.: Absorption and Scattering of Light by Small
Particles, Wiley Scientific, 1983.
Bréon, F. M., Tanŕe, D., and Generoso, S.: Aerosol Effect on Cloud
Droplet Size Monitored from Satellite, Science, 295, 834–839,
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1066434, 2002.
Cai, C., Miles, R. E. H., Cotterell, M. I., Marsh, A., Rovelli, G., Rickards,
A. M. J., Zhang, Y. H., and Reid, J. P.: Comparison of methods for predicting
the compositional dependence of the density and refractive index of
organic-aqueous aerosols, J. Phys. Chem. A, 120, 6604–6617,
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpca.6b05986, 2016.
Cappa, C. D., Che, D. L., Kessler, S. H., Kroll, J. H., and Wilson, K. R.:
Variations in organic aerosol optical and hygroscopic properties upon
heterogeneous OH oxidation, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D15204,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD015918, 2011.
Chakrabarty, R. K., Moosmüller, H., Chen, L.-W. A., Lewis, K., Arnott, W.
P., Mazzoleni, C., Dubey, M. K., Wold, C. E., Hao, W. M., and Kreidenweis, S.
M.: Brown carbon in tar balls from smoldering biomass combustion, Atmos.
Chem. Phys., 10, 6363–6370, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-6363-2010, 2010.
Charlson, R. J., Seinfeld, J. H., Nenes, A., Kulmala, M., Laaksonen, A., and
Facchini, M. C.: Reshaping the theory of cloud formation, Science, 292,
2025–2026, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1060096, 2001.
Cochran, R. E., Laskina, O., Jayarathne, T., Laskin, A., Laskin, J., Lin, P.,
Sultana, C., Lee, C., Moore, K. A., Cappa, C. D., Bertram, T. H., Prather, K.
A., Grassian, V. H., and Stone, E. A.: Analysis of Organic Anionic
Surfactants in Fine and Coarse Fractions of Freshly Emitted Sea Spray
Aerosol, Environ. Sci. Technol., 50, 2477–2486,
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b04053, 2016.
David, G., Esat, K., Ritsch, I., and Signorell, R.: Ultraviolet broadband
light scattering for optically-trapped submicron-sized aerosol particles,
Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 18, 5477–5485, https://doi.org/10.1039/C5CP06940H, 2016.
Davies, J. F., Miles, R. E. H., Haddrell, A. E., and Reid, J. P.: Influence
of organic films on the evaporation and condensation of water in aerosol,
P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 110, 8807–12, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1305277110, 2013.
Dinar, E., Riziq, A. A., Spindler, C., Erlick, C., Kiss, G., and Rudich, Y.:
The complex refractive index of atmospheric and model humic-like substances
(HULIS) retrieved by a cavity ring down aerosol spectrometer (CRD-AS),
Faraday Discuss., 137, 279–295, https://doi.org/10.1039/B703111D, 2008.
Donaldson, D. J. and Anderson, D.: Adsorption of atmospheric gases at the
air-water interface. 2. C1-C4 alcohols, acids, and acetone,
J. Phys. Chem. A, 103, 871–876, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp983963h, 1999.
Donaldson, D. J. and Vaida, V.: The influence of organic films at the
air-aqueous boundary on atmospheric processes, Chem. Rev., 106, 1445–1461,
https://doi.org/10.1021/cr040367c, 2006.
Donaldson, D. J. and Valsaraj, K. T.: Adsorption and reaction of trace
gas-phase organic compounds on atmospheric water film surfaces: A critical
review, Environ. Sci. Technol., 44, 865–873, https://doi.org/10.1021/es902720s, 2010.
Eliason, T. L., Aloisio, S., Donaldson, D. J., Cziczo, D. J., and Vaida, V.:
Processing of unsaturated organic acid films and aerosols by ozone, Atmos.
Environ., 37, 2207–2219, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(03)00149-3, 2003.
Enami, S. and Sakamoto, Y.: OH-Radical Oxidation of Surface-Active
cis-Pinonic Acid at the Air–Water Interface, J. Phys. Chem. A, 120,
3578–3587, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpca.6b01261, 2016.
Enami, S., Hoffmann, M. R., and Colussi, A. J.: Molecular control of reactive
gas uptake “on Water”, J. Phys. Chem. A, 114, 5817–5822,
https://doi.org/10.1021/jp1019729, 2010.
Feingold, G. and Chuang, P. Y.: Analysis of the Influence of Film-Forming
Compounds on Droplet Growth: Implications for Cloud Microphysical Processes
and Climate, J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 2006–2018,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(2002)059<2006:AOTIOF>2.0.CO;2,
2002.
Flores, J. M., Washenfelder, R. A., Adler, G., Lee, H. J., Segev, L., Laskin,
J., Laskin, A., Nizkorodov, S. A., Brown, S. S., and Rudich, Y.: Complex
refractive indices in the near-ultraviolet spectral region of biogenic
secondary organic aerosol aged with ammonia, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 16,
10629–10642, https://doi.org/10.1039/c4cp01009d, 2014a.
Flores, J. M., Zhao, D. F., Segev, L., Schlag, P., Kiendler-Scharr, A.,
Fuchs, H., Watne, Å. K., Bluvshtein, N., Mentel, Th. F., Hallquist, M.,
and Rudich, Y.: Evolution of the complex refractive index in the UV spectral
region in ageing secondary organic aerosol, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14,
5793–5806, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-5793-2014, 2014b.
Flowers, B. A., Dubey, M. K., Mazzoleni, C., Stone, E. A., Schauer, J. J.,
Kim, S.-W., and Yoon, S. C.: Optical-chemical-microphysical relationships and
closure studies for mixed carbonaceous aerosols observed at Jeju Island;
3-laser photoacoustic spectrometer, particle sizing, and filter analysis,
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 10387–10398, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-10387-2010, 2010.
Folch, J., Lees, M., and Sloane Stanley, G. H.: A simple method for the
isolation and purification of total lipides ffrom animal tissues, J. Biol.
Chem., 226, 497–509, 1957.
Fuzzi, S., Andreae, M. O., Huebert, B. J., Kulmala, M., Bond, T. C., Boy, M.,
Doherty, S. J., Guenther, A., Kanakidou, M., Kawamura, K., Kerminen, V.-M.,
Lohmann, U., Russell, L. M., and Pöschl, U.: Critical assessment of the
current state of scientific knowledge, terminology, and research needs
concerning the role of organic aerosols in the atmosphere, climate, and
global change, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 2017–2038,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-2017-2006, 2006.
Garg, S., Chandra, B. P., Sinha, V., Sarda-Esteve, R., Gros, V., and Sinha,
B.: Limitation of the Use of the Absorption Ångström Exponent for
Source Apportionment of Equivalent Black Carbon: A Case Study from the North
West Indo-Gangetic Plain, Environ. Sci. Technol., 50, 814–824,
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b03868, 2016.
Gill, P. S., Graedel, T. E., and Weschler, C. J.: Organic films on
atmospheric aerosol particles, fog droplets, cloud droplets, raindrops, and
snowflakes, Rev. Geophys., 21, 903–920, https://doi.org/10.1029/RG021i004p00903, 1983.
Guyon, P., Boucher, O., Graham, B., Beck, J., Mayol-Bracero, O. L., Roberts,
G. C., Maenhaut, W., Artaxo, P., and Andreae, M. O.: Refractive index of
aerosol particles over the Amazon tropical forest during LBA-EUSTACH 1999,
J. Aerosol Sci., 34, 883–907, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-8502(03)00052-1, 2003.
Gyawali, M., Arnott, W. P., Lewis, K., and Moosmüller, H.: In situ
aerosol optics in Reno, NV, USA during and after the summer 2008 California
wildfires and the influence of absorbing and non-absorbing organic coatings
on spectral light absorption, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 8007–8015,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-8007-2009, 2009.
He, Q., Zhao, X., Lu, J., Zhou, G., Yang, H., Gao, W., Yu, W., and Cheng, T.:
Impacts of biomass-burning on aerosol properties of a severe haze event over
Shanghai, Particuology, 20, 52–60, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.partic.2014.11.004, 2015.
Hoffer, A., Gelencsér, A., Guyon, P., Kiss, G., Schmid, O., Frank, G. P.,
Artaxo, P., and Andreae, M. O.: Optical properties of humic-like substances
(HULIS) in biomass-burning aerosols, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 3563–3570,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-3563-2006, 2006.
IAPWS: Release on the Refractive Index of Ordinary Water Substance as a
Function of Wavelength, Temperature and Pressure, IAPWS R9-97, 1997.
Jacobson, M. C., Hansson, H.-C., Noone, K. J., and Charlson, R. J.: Organic
atmospheric aerosols: Review and state of the science, Rev. Geophys., 38,
267–294, https://doi.org/10.1029/1998RG000045, 2000.
Jauffred, L., Taheri, S. M. R., Schmitt, R., Linke, H., and Oddershede, L.
B.: Optical Trapping of Gold Nanoparticles in Air, Nano Lett., 15,
4713–4719, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b01562, 2015.
Jones, A. E., Wolff, E. W., Salmon, R. A., Bauguitte, S. J.-B., Roscoe, H.
K., Anderson, P. S., Ames, D., Clemitshaw, K. C., Fleming, Z. L., Bloss, W.
J., Heard, D. E., Lee, J. D., Read, K. A., Hamer, P., Shallcross, D. E.,
Jackson, A. V., Walker, S. L., Lewis, A. C., Mills, G. P., Plane, J. M. C.,
Saiz-Lopez, A., Sturges, W. T., and Worton, D. R.: Chemistry of the Antarctic
Boundary Layer and the Interface with Snow: an overview of the CHABLIS
campaign, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 3789–3803, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-3789-2008,
2008.
Jones, S. H., King, M. D., and Ward, A. D.: Determining the unique refractive
index properties of solid polystyrene aerosol using broadband Mie scattering
from optically trapped beads, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 15, 20735–20741,
https://doi.org/10.1039/c3cp53498g, 2013.
Jones, S. H., King, M. D., and Ward, A. D.: Atmospherically relevant
core–shell aerosol studied using optical trapping and Mie scattering, Chem.
Commun., 51, 4914–4917, https://doi.org/10.1039/C4CC09835H, 2015.
Jones, S. H., King, M. D., Ward, A. D., Rennie, A. R., Jones, A. C., and
Arnold, T.: Are organic films from atmospheric aerosol and sea water inert to
oxidation by ozone at the air-water interface, Atmos. Environ., 161,
274–287, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.04.025, 2017.
Kaiser, T., Roll, G., and Schweiger, G.: Investigation of coated droplets in
an optical trap: Raman-scattering, elastic-light-scattering, and evaporation
characteristics, Appl. Optics, 35, 5918–5924, https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.35.005918,
1996.
Kanakidou, M., Seinfeld, J. H., Pandis, S. N., Barnes, I., Dentener, F. J.,
Facchini, M. C., Van Dingenen, R., Ervens, B., Nenes, A., Nielsen, C. J.,
Swietlicki, E., Putaud, J. P., Balkanski, Y., Fuzzi, S., Horth, J., Moortgat,
G. K., Winterhalter, R., Myhre, C. E. L., Tsigaridis, K., Vignati, E.,
Stephanou, E. G., and Wilson, J.: Organic aerosol and global climate
modelling: a review, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 1053–1123,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-1053-2005, 2005.
Kim, H. and Paulson, S. E.: Real refractive indices and volatility of
secondary organic aerosol generated from photooxidation and ozonolysis of
limonene, α-pinene and toluene, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 7711–7723,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-7711-2013, 2013.
Kim, H., Barkey, B., and Paulson, S. E.: Real refractive indices of α-
and β-pinene and toluene secondary organic aerosols generated from
ozonolysis and photo-oxidation, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D24212,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD014549, 2010.
King, M. D., Thompson, K. C., and Ward, A. D.: Laser Tweezers Raman Study of
Optically Trapped Aerosol Droplets of Seawater and Oleic Acid Reacting with
Ozone: Implications for Cloud-Droplet Properties, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 126,
16710–16711, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja044717o, 2004.
King, M. D., Thompson, K. C., Ward, A. D., Pfrang, C., and Hughes, B. R.:
Oxidation of biogenic and water-soluble compounds in aqueous and organic
aerosol droplets by ozone: A kinetic and product analysis approach using
laser Raman tweezers, Faraday Discuss., 137, 173–192,
https://doi.org/10.1039/b702199b, 2008.
King, M. D., Rennie, A. R., Thompson, K. C., Fisher, F. N., Dong, C. C.,
Thomas, R. K., Pfrang, C., and Hughes, A. V.: Oxidation of oleic acid at the
air–water interface and its potential effects on cloud critical
supersaturations, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 11, 7699–7707,
https://doi.org/10.1039/b906517b, 2009.
Lambe, A. T., Cappa, C. D., Massoli, P., Onasch, T. B., Forestieri, S. D.,
Martin, A. T., Cummings, M. J., Croasdale, D. R., Brune, W. H., Worsnop, D.
R., and Davidovits, P.: Relationship between oxidation level and optical
properties of secondary organic aerosol, Environ. Sci. Technol., 47,
6349–6357, https://doi.org/10.1021/es401043j, 2013.
Lang-Yona, N., Abo-Riziq, A., Erlick, C., Segre, E., Trainic, M., and Rudich,
Y.: Interaction of internally mixed aerosols with light, Phys. Chem. Chem.
Phys., 12, 21–31, https://doi.org/10.1039/b913176k, 2010a.
Lang-Yona, N., Rudich, Y., Mentel, Th. F., Bohne, A., Buchholz, A.,
Kiendler-Scharr, A., Kleist, E., Spindler, C., Tillmann, R., and Wildt, J.:
The chemical and microphysical properties of secondary organic aerosols from
Holm Oak emissions, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 7253–7265,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-7253-2010, 2010b.
Lewis, K., Arnott, W. P., Moosmuller, H., and Wold, C. E.: Strong spectral
variation of biomass smoke light absorption and single scattering albedo
observed with a novel dual-wavelength photoacoustic instrument, J. Geophys.
Res., 113, D16203, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD009699, 2008.
Li, Y., Ezell, M. J., and Finlayson-Pitts, B. J.: The impact of organic
coatings on light scattering by sodium chloride particles, Atmos. Environ.,
45, 4123–4132, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.05.031, 2011.
Lin, H.-B., Eversole, J. D., and Campillo, A. J.: Identification of
morphology dependent resonances in stimulated Raman scattering from
microdroplets, Opt. Commun., 77, 407–410, 1990.
Liu, J., Lin, P., Laskin, A., Laskin, J., Kathmann, S. M., Wise, M., Caylor,
R., Imholt, F., Selimovic, V., and Shilling, J. E.: Optical properties and
aging of light-absorbing secondary organic aerosol, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16,
12815–12827, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-12815-2016, 2016.
Liu, L., Mishchenko, M. I., and Arnott, W. P.: A study of radiative
properties of fractal soot aggregates using the superposition T-matrix
method, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Ra., 109, 2656–2663,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2008.05.001, 2008.
Liu, P., Zhang, Y., and Martin, S. T.: Complex refractive indices of thin
films of secondary organic materials by spectroscopic ellipsometry from 220
to 1200 nm, Environ. Sci. Technol, 47, 13594–13601,
https://doi.org/10.1021/es403411e, 2013.
Lohmann, U. and Feichter, J.: Global indirect aerosol effects: a review,
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 715–737, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-715-2005, 2005.
Mao, K., Ma, Y., Xia, L., Chen, W., Shen, X., He, T., and Xu, T.: Global
aerosol change in the last decade: An analysis based on MODIS data, Atmos.
Environ., 94, 680–686, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.04.053, 2014.
McConnell, J. R., Maselli, O. J., Sigl, M., Vallelonga, P., Neumann, T.,
Anschütz, H., Bales, R. C., Curran, M. A. J., Das, S. B., Edwards, R.,
Kipfstuhl, S., Layman, L., and Thomas, E. R.: Antarctic-wide array of
high-resolution ice core records reveals pervasive lead pollution began in
1889 and persists today, Scientific Reports, 4, 5848,
https://doi.org/10.1038/srep05848, 2014.
McFiggans, G., Artaxo, P., Baltensperger, U., Coe, H., Facchini, M. C.,
Feingold, G., Fuzzi, S., Gysel, M., Laaksonen, A., Lohmann, U., Mentel, T.
F., Murphy, D. M., O'Dowd, C. D., Snider, J. R., and Weingartner, E.: The
effect of physical and chemical aerosol properties on warm cloud droplet
activation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 2593–2649, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-2593-2006,
2006.
Meskhidze, N., Petters, M. D., Tsigaridis, K., Bates, T., O'Dowd, C., Reid,
J., Lewis, E. R., Gantt, B., Anguelova, M. D., Bhave, P. V., Bird, J.,
Callaghan, A. H., Ceburnis, D., Chang, R., Clarke, A., de Leeuw, G., Deane,
G., Demott, P. J., Elliot, S., Facchini, M. C., Fairall, C. W., Hawkins, L.,
Hu, Y., Hudson, J. G., Johnson, M. S., Kaku, K. C., Keene, W. C., Kieber, D.
J., Long, M. S., Mårtensson, M., Modini, R. L., Osburn, C. L., Prather,
K. A., Pszenny, A., Rinaldi, M., Russell, L. M., Salter, M., Sayer, A. M.,
Smirnov, A., Suda, S. R., Toth, T. D., Worsnop, D. R., Wozniak, A., and Zorn,
S. R.: Production mechanisms, number concentration, size distribution,
chemical composition, and optical properties of sea spray aerosols, Atmos.
Sci. Lett., 14, 207–213, https://doi.org/10.1002/asl2.441, 2013.
Miles, R. E. H., Walker, J. S., Burham, D. R., and Reid, J. P.: Retrieval of
the complex refractive index of aerosol droplets from optical tweezers
measurements, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 14, 3037–3037, 2012.
Mishra, A., Koren, I., and Ruddich, Y.: Effect of aerosol vertical
distribution on aerosol-radiation interaction: A theoretical prospect,
Heliyon, 1, e00036, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2015.e00036, 2015.
Moise, T., Flores, J. M., and Rudich, Y.: Optical Properties of Secondary
Organic Aerosols and Their Changes by Chemical Processes, Chem. Rev., 115,
4400–4439, https://doi.org/10.1021/cr5005259, 2015.
Moosmüller, H., Chakrabarty, R. K., Ehlers, K. M., and Arnott, W. P.:
Absorption Ångström coefficient, brown carbon, and aerosols: basic
concepts, bulk matter, and spherical particles, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11,
1217–1225, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-1217-2011, 2011.
Nakayama, T., Matsumi, Y., Sato, K., Imamura, T., Yamazaki, A., and Uchiyama,
A.: Laboratory studies on optical properties of secondary organic aerosols
generated during the photooxidation of toluene and the ozonolysis of
α-pinene, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D24204, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD014387,
2010.
Nakayama, T., Sato, K., Matsumi, Y., Imamura, T., Yamazaki, A., and Uchiyama,
A.: Wavelength and NOx dependent complex refractive index of SOAs
generated from the photooxidation of toluene, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13,
531–545, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-531-2013, 2013.
Nakayama, T., Sato, K., Tsuge, M., Imamura, T., and Matsumi, Y.: Complex
refractive index of secondary organic aerosol generated from isoprene/NOx
photooxidation in the presence and absence of SO2, J. Geophys.
Res.-Atmos., 120, 7777–7787, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JD023522, 2015.
Park, S. S. and Yu, J.: Chemical and light absorption properties of
humic-like substances from biomass burning emissions under controlled
combustion experiments, Atmos. Environ., 136, 114–122,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.04.022, 2016.
Petty, G. W.: A First Course in Atmospheric Radiation, Sundog Publishing,
Madison, Wisconsin, 2006.
Pfrang, C., Sebastiani, F., Lucas, C. O. M., King, M. D., Hoare, I. D.,
Chang, D., and Campbell, R. A.: Ozonolysis of methyl oleate monolayers at the
air–water interface: oxidation kinetics, reaction products and atmospheric
implications, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 16, 13220–13228,
https://doi.org/10.1039/c4cp00775a, 2014.
Pokhrel, R. P., Wagner, N. L., Langridge, J. M., Lack, D. A., Jayarathne, T.,
Stone, E. A., Stockwell, C. E., Yokelson, R. J., and Murphy, S. M.:
Parameterization of single-scattering albedo (SSA) and absorption
Ångström exponent (AAE) with EC ∕ OC for aerosol emissions from
biomass burning, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 9549–9561,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-9549-2016, 2016.
Pöschl, U.: Atmospheric aerosols: Composition, transformation, climate
and health effects, Angewandte Chemie – International Edition, 44,
7520–7540, https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.200501122, 2005.
Ramanathan, V., Crutzen, P. J., Kiehl, J. T., and Rosenfeld, D.: Aerosols,
Climate and the Hydrological Cycle, Science, 294, 2119–2125,
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1064034, 2001.
Rathod, T., Sahu, S. K., Tiwari, M., Yousaf, A., Bhangare, R. C., and Pandit,
G. G.: Light Absorbing Properties of Brown Carbon Generated from Pyrolytic
Combustion of Household Biofuels, Aerosol Air Qual. Res., 17, 108–116,
https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2015.11.0639, 2016.
Redemann, J., Turco, R. P., Liou, K. N., Russell, P. B., Bergstrom, R. W.,
Schmid, B., Livingston, J. M., Hobbs, P. V, Hartley, W. S., Ismail, S.,
Ferrare, R. A., and Browell, E. V.: Retrieving the vertical structure of the
effective aerosol complex index of refraction from a combination of aerosol
in situ and remote sensing measurements during TARFOX, J. Geophys. Res., 105,
9949–9970, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JD901044, 2000.
Reid, J. S., Koppmann, R., Eck, T. F., and Eleuterio, D. P.: A review of
biomass burning emissions part II: intensive physical properties of biomass
burning particles, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 799–825,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-799-2005, 2005.
Rkiouak, L., Tang, M. J., Camp, J. C. J., McGregor, J., Watson, I. M., Cox,
R. A., Kalberer, M., Ward, A. D., and Pope, F. D.: Optical trapping and Raman
spectroscopy of solid particles, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 16, 11426–11434,
https://doi.org/10.1039/c4cp00994k, 2014.
Rosenfeld, D., Lohmann, U., Raga, G. B., O'Dowd, C. D., Kulmala, M., Fuzzi,
S., Reissell, A., and Andreae, M. O.: Flood or drought: how do aerosols
affect precipitation?, Science, 321, 1309–1313,
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1160606, 2008.
Russell, P. B., Bergstrom, R. W., Shinozuka, Y., Clarke, A. D., DeCarlo, P.
F., Jimenez, J. L., Livingston, J. M., Redemann, J., Dubovik, O., and Strawa,
A.: Absorption Angstrom Exponent in AERONET and related data as an indicator
of aerosol composition, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 1155–1169,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-1155-2010, 2010.
Sandradewi, J., Prévôt, A. S. H., Weingartner, E., Schmidhauser, R.,
Gysel, M., and Baltensperger, U.: A study of wood burning and traffic
aerosols in an Alpine valley using a multi-wavelength Aethalometer, Atmos.
Environ., 42, 101–112, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.09.034, 2008.
Schnaiter, M., Horvath, H., Möhler, O., Naumann, K. H., Saathoff, H., and
Schöck, O. W.: UV-VIS-NIR spectral optical properties of soot and
soot-containing aerosols, J. Aerosol Sci., 34, 1421–1444,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-8502(03)00361-6, 2003.
Schnaiter, M., Gimmler, M., Llamas, I., Linke, C., Jäger, C., and
Mutschke, H.: Strong spectral dependence of light absorption by organic
carbon particles formed by propane combustion, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6,
2981–2990, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-2981-2006, 2006.
Schweiger, S.: Observation of input and output structural resonances in the
Raman spectrum of a single spheroidal dielectric microparticle, Opt. Lett.,
15, 156–158, https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.15.000156, 1990.
Sebastiani, F., Campbell, R. A., and Pfrang, C.: Complementarity of neutron
reflectometry and ellipsometry for the study of atmospheric reactions at the
air–water interface, RSC Adv., 5, 107105–107111, https://doi.org/10.1039/C5RA22725A,
2015.
Shen, Z., Zhang, Q., Cao, J., Zhang, L., Lei, Y., Huang, Y., Huang, R. J.,
Gao, J., Zhao, Z., Zhu, C., Yin, X., Zheng, C., Xu, H., and Liu, S.: Optical
properties and possible sources of brown carbon in PM2.5 over Xi'an,
China, Atmos. Environ., 150, 322–330, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.11.024,
2017.
Shepherd, R. H., King, M. D., Marks, A., Brough, N., and Ward, A. D.:
Determination of the refractive index of insoluble organic extracts from
atmospheric aerosol over the visible wavelength range using optical tweezers,
dataset, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.834450, 2017.
Shingler, T., Crosbie, E., Ortega, A., Shiraiwa, M., Zuend, A., Beyersdorf,
A., Ziemba, L., Anderson, B., Thornhill, L., Perring, A. E., Schwarz, J. P.,
Campazano-Jost, P., Day, D. A., Jimenez, J. L., Hair, J. W., Mikoviny, T.,
Wisthaler, A., and Sorooshian, A.: Airborne characterization of subsaturated
aerosol hygroscopicity and dry refractive index from the surface to 6.5 km
during the SEAC4RS campaign, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 121, 4188–4210,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JD024498, 2016.
Spindler, C., Abo Riziq, A., and Rudich, Y.: Retrieval of Aerosol Complex
Refractive Index by Combining Cavity Ring Down Aerosol Spectrometer
Measurements with Full Size Distribution Information, Aerosol Sci. Tech., 41,
1011–1017, https://doi.org/10.1080/02786820701682087, 2007.
Stamnes, K., Tsay, S.-C., Wiscombe, W., and Jayaweera, K.: Numerically stable
algorithm for discrete-ordinate-method raditive transfer in multiple
scattering and emitting layered media, Appl. Optics, 27, 2502–2509,
https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.27.002502, 1988.
Stelson, A. W.: Urban aerosol refractive index prediction by partial molar
refraction approach, Environ. Sci. Technol., 24, 1676–1679,
https://doi.org/10.1021/es00081a008, 1990.
Stocker, T. F., Qin, D., and Plattner, G. K.: Climate Change 2013: The
Physical Science Basis (Technical Summary), Climate Change 2013: The Physical
Science Basis, 33–115, 2013.
Tinel, L., Rossignol, S., Bianco, A., Passananti, M., Perrier, S., Wang, X.,
Brigante, M., Donaldson, D. J., and George, C.: Mechanistic Insights on the
Photosensitized Chemistry of a Fatty Acid at the Air/Water Interface,
Environ. Sci. Technol., 50, 11041–11048, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b03165,
2016.
Tomasi, C., Vitale, V., Lupi, A., Di Carmine, C., Campanelli, M., Herber, A.,
Treffeisen, R., Stone, R. S., Andrews, E., Sharma, S., Radionov, V., von
Hoyningen-Huene, W., Stebel, K., Hansen, G. H., Myhre, C. L., Wehrli, C.,
Aaltonen, V., Lihavainen, H., Virkkula, A., Hillamo, R., Ström, J.,
Toledano, C., Cachorro, V. E., Ortiz, P., de Frutos, A. M., Blindheim, S.,
Frioud, M., Gausa, M., Zielinski, T., Petelski, T., and Yamanouchi, T.:
Aerosols in polar regions: A historical overview based on optical depth and
in situ observations, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D16205,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD008432, 2007.
Thompson, K. C, Rennie, A. R., King, M. D., Hardman, S. J. O, Lucas, C. O.
M., Pfrang, C., Hughes, B. R., and Hughes, A. V.: Reaction of a Phospholipid
Monolayer with Gas-Phase Ozone at the Air–Water Interface: Measurement of
Surface Excess and Surface Pressure in Real Time, Langmuir, 26, 17295–17303,
https://doi.org/10.1021/la1022714, 2010.
Trainic, M., Abo Riziq, A., Lavi, A., Flores, J. M., and Rudich, Y.: The
optical, physical and chemical properties of the products of glyoxal uptake
on ammonium sulfate seed aerosols, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 9697–9707,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-9697-2011, 2011.
Utry, N., Tibor, A., Filep, A., Daniel Pinter, M., Hoffer, A., Bozoki, Z.,
and Szabo, G.: Mass specific optical absorption coefficient of HULIS aerosol
measured by a four-wavelength photoacoustic spectrometer at NIR, VIS and UV
wavelengths, Atmos. Environ., 69, 321–324,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.01.003, 2013.
Utry, N., Ajtai, T., Filep, A., Pinter, M., Torok, Z., Bozoki, Z., and Szabo,
G.: Correlations between absorption Ångström exponent (AAE) of
wintertime ambient urban aerosol and its physical and chemical properties,
Atmos. Environ., 91, 52–59, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.03.047, 2014.
Virkkula, A., Koponen, I. K., Teinilä, K., Hillamo, R., Kerminen, V. M.,
and Kulmala, M.: Effective real refractive index of dry aerosols in the
Antarctic boundary layer, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, 10–13,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL024602, 2006.
Washenfelder, R. A., Flores, J. M., Brock, C. A., Brown, S. S., and Rudich,
Y.: Broadband measurements of aerosol extinction in the ultraviolet spectral
region, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 6, 861–877, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-861-2013, 2013.
Wex, H., Petters, M. D., Carrico, C. M., Hallbauer, E., Massling, A.,
McMeeking, G. R., Poulain, L., Wu, Z., Kreidenweis, S. M., and Stratmann, F.:
Towards closing the gap between hygroscopic growth and activation for
secondary organic aerosol: Part 1 – Evidence from measurements, Atmos. Chem.
Phys., 9, 3987–3997, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-3987-2009, 2009.
Wild, M.: Global dimming and brightening: A review, J. Geophys. Res., 114,
D00D16, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD011470, 2009.
Wolff, E. W.: Signals of atmospheric pollution in polar snow and ice,
Antarct. Sci., 2, 189–205, https://doi.org/10.1017/S095410209000027X, 1990.
Yamasoe, M. A., Kaufman, Y. J., Dubovik, O., Remer, L. A., Holben, B. N., and
Artaxo, P.: Retrieval of the real part of the refractive index of smoke
particles from Sun/sky measurements during SCAR-B, J. Geophys. Res., 103,
31893–31902, https://doi.org/10.1029/98JD01211, 1998.
Yamasoe, M. A., Artaxo, P., Miguel, A. H., and Allen, A. G.: Chemical
composition of aerosol particles from direct emissions of vegetation fires in
the Amazon Basin: Water-soluble species and trace elements, Atmos. Environ.,
34, 1641–1653, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00329-5, 2000.
Yu, Y., Ezell, M. J., Zelenyuk, A., Imre, D., Alexander, L., Ortega, J.,
D'Anna, B., Harmon, C. W., Johnson, S. N., and Finlayson-Pitts, B. J.:
Photooxidation of alpha-pinene at high relative humidity in the presence of
increasing concentrations of NOx, Atmos. Environ., 42, 5044–5060,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.02.026, 2008.
Zhang, X., Lin, Y. H., Surratt, J. D., and Weber, R. J.: Sources, composition
and absorption Ångström exponent of light-absorbing organic
components in aerosol extracts from the los angeles basin, Environ. Sci.
Technol., 47, 3685–3693, https://doi.org/10.1021/es305047b, 2013.
Zhao, W., Dong, M., Chen, W., Gu, X., Hu, C., Gao, X., Huang, W., and Zhang,
W.: Wavelength-resolved optical extinction measurements of aerosols using
broad-band cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy over the spectral range of
445-480 nm, Anal. Chem., 85, 2260–2268, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac303174n, 2013.
Zhou, S., Gonzalez, L., Leithead, A., Finewax, Z., Thalman, R., Vlasenko, A.,
Vagle, S., Miller, L. A., Li, S.-M., Bureekul, S., Furutani, H., Uematsu, M.,
Volkamer, R., and Abbatt, J.: Formation of gas-phase carbonyls from
heterogeneous oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids at the air–water
interface and of the sea surface microlayer, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14,
1371–1384, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1371-2014, 2014.
Short summary
The refractive index of atmospheric extracts sourced from urban (London), remote (Antarctica), and woodsmoke aerosol was determined by applying optical trapping simultaneously with Mie spectroscopy. In addition, owing to the absorbing nature of woodsmoke and an aqueous humic acid aerosol extract, the absorption Ångström exponent could be determined.The refractive index and absorption Ångström exponent were then applied in a top-of-the-atmosphere albedo radiation transfer model.
The refractive index of atmospheric extracts sourced from urban (London), remote (Antarctica),...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint