Articles | Volume 22, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-441-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-441-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
13 Jan 2022
Research article |
| 13 Jan 2022
| 13 Jan 2022
Atmospheric rivers and associated precipitation patterns during the ACLOUD and PASCAL campaigns near Svalbard (May–June 2017): case studies using observations, reanalyses, and a regional climate model
CESAM – Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Physics, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
Irina V. Gorodetskaya
CESAM – Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Physics, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
Annette Rinke
Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine
Research (AWI), 14473 Potsdam, Germany
Marion Maturilli
Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine
Research (AWI), 14473 Potsdam, Germany
Alfredo Rocha
CESAM – Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Physics, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
Susanne Crewell
Institute for Geophysics and Meteorology, University of Cologne,
50969 Cologne, Germany
Related authors
Hélène Bresson, Annette Rinke, Mario Mech, Daniel Reinert, Vera Schemann, Kerstin Ebell, Marion Maturilli, Carolina Viceto, Irina Gorodetskaya, and Susanne Crewell
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 173–196, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-173-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-173-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Arctic warming is pronounced, and one factor in this is the poleward atmospheric transport of heat and moisture. This study assesses the 4D structure of an Arctic moisture intrusion event which occurred in June 2017. For the first time, high-resolution pan-Arctic ICON simulations are performed and compared with global models, reanalysis, and observations. Results show the added value of high resolution in the event representation and the impact of the intrusion on the surface energy fluxes.
Susanne Crewell, Kerstin Ebell, Patrick Konjari, Mario Mech, Tatiana Nomokonova, Ana Radovan, David Strack, Arantxa M. Triana-Gómez, Stefan Noël, Raul Scarlat, Gunnar Spreen, Marion Maturilli, Annette Rinke, Irina Gorodetskaya, Carolina Viceto, Thomas August, and Marc Schröder
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 4829–4856, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-4829-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-4829-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Water vapor (WV) is an important variable in the climate system. Satellite measurements are thus crucial to characterize the spatial and temporal variability in WV and how it changed over time. In particular with respect to the observed strong Arctic warming, the role of WV still needs to be better understood. However, as shown in this paper, a detailed understanding is still hampered by large uncertainties in the various satellite WV products, showing the need for improved methods to derive WV.
Nils Risse, Mario Mech, Catherine Prigent, Joshua Jeremias Müller, and Susanne Crewell
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3311, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3311, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Measurement Techniques (AMT).
Short summary
Short summary
Clouds play a crucial role in the Arctic climate system, particularly cloud liquid water droplets. However, there is currently a measurement gap for cloud liquid water over sea ice. We present a method to estimate cloud liquid water over Arctic sea ice using airborne passive microwave observations from the HALO-(𝒜𝒞)3 campaign. Evaluation with other airborne sensors highlights both the limitations and potential of the retrieval. This approach is promising for future applications to satellites.
Amanda Sellmaier, Ellen Damm, Torsten Sachs, Benjamin Kirbus, Inge Wiekenkamp, Annette Rinke, Falk Pätzold, Daiki Nomura, Astrid Lampert, and Markus Rex
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3778, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3778, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents continuous ship-borne measurements of methane (CH4) concentration and its isotopic composition monitored during the ice drift MOSAiC expedition in 2020. By applying trajectory analysis, we linked atmospheric CH4 variabilities to air mass pathways transported either over open water or sea ice. This study will contribute to reveal the potential role of ship-borne measurements for filing significant observational gaps in the high Arctic.
Manuel Moser, Christiane Voigt, Oliver Eppers, Johannes Lucke, Elena De La Torre Castro, Johanna Mayer, Regis Dupuy, Guillaume Mioche, Olivier Jourdan, Hans-Christian Clemen, Johannes Schneider, Philipp Joppe, Stephan Mertes, Bruno Wetzel, Stephan Borrmann, Marcus Klingebiel, Mario Mech, Christof Lüpkes, Susanne Crewell, André Ehrlich, Andreas Herber, and Manfred Wendisch
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3876, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3876, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
In this study we analyzed Arctic mixed-phase clouds using airborne in-situ measurements in spring 2022. Based on microphysical properties, we show that within these clouds a distinction must be made between classic mixed-phase clouds and a mixed-phase haze regime. Instead of supercooled droplets, the haze regime contains large wet sea salt aerosols. These findings improve our understanding of Arctic low-level cloud processes.
Masatomo Fujiwara, Bomin Sun, Anthony Reale, Domenico Cimini, Salvatore Larosa, Lori Borg, Christoph von Rohden, Michael Sommer, Ruud Dirksen, Marion Maturilli, Holger Vömel, Rigel Kivi, Bruce Ingleby, Ryan J. Kramer, Belay Demoz, Fabio Madonna, Fabien Carminati, Owen Lewis, Brett Candy, Christopher Thomas, David Edwards, Noersomadi, Kensaku Shimizu, and Peter Thorne
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 2919–2955, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-2919-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-2919-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We assess and illustrate the benefits of high-altitude attainment of balloon-borne radiosonde soundings up to and beyond 10 hPa level from various aspects. We show that the extra costs and technical challenges involved in consistent attainment of high ascents are more than outweighed by the benefits for a broad variety of real-time and delayed-mode applications. Consistent attainment of high ascents should therefore be pursued across the balloon observational network.
Manfred Wendisch, Benjamin Kirbus, Davide Ori, Matthew D. Shupe, Susanne Crewell, Harald Sodemann, and Vera Schemann
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2062, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2062, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Aircraft observations of air parcels moving into and out of the Arctic are reported. From the data, heating and cooling as well as drying and moistening of the air masses along their way into and out of the Arctic could be measured for the first time. These data enable to evaluate if numerical weather prediction models are able to accurately represent these air mass transformations. This work helps to model the future climate changes in the Arctic, which are important for mid-latitude weather.
Denghui Ji, Mathias Palm, Matthias Buschmann, Kerstin Ebell, Marion Maturilli, Xiaoyu Sun, and Justus Notholt
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 3889–3904, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3889-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3889-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Our study explores how certain aerosols, like sea salt, affect infrared heat radiation in the Arctic, potentially speeding up warming. We used advanced technology to measure aerosol composition and found that these particles grow with humidity, significantly increasing their heat-trapping effect in the infrared region, especially in winter. Our findings suggest these aerosols could be a key factor in Arctic warming, emphasizing the importance of understanding aerosols for climate prediction.
Yubing Cheng, Bin Cheng, Roberta Pirazzini, Amy R. Macfarlane, Timo Vihma, Wolfgang Dorn, Ruzica Dadic, Martin Schneebeli, Stefanie Arndt, and Annette Rinke
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1164, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1164, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We study snow density from the MOSAiC expedition. Several snow density schemes were tested and compared with observation. A thermodynamic ice model was employed to assess the impact of snow density and precipitation on the thermal regime of sea ice. The parameterized mean snow densities are consistent with observations. Increased snow density reduces snow and ice temperatures, promoting ice growth, while increased precipitation leads to warmer snow and ice temperatures and reduced ice thickness.
André Ehrlich, Susanne Crewell, Andreas Herber, Marcus Klingebiel, Christof Lüpkes, Mario Mech, Sebastian Becker, Stephan Borrmann, Heiko Bozem, Matthias Buschmann, Hans-Christian Clemen, Elena De La Torre Castro, Henning Dorff, Regis Dupuy, Oliver Eppers, Florian Ewald, Geet George, Andreas Giez, Sarah Grawe, Christophe Gourbeyre, Jörg Hartmann, Evelyn Jäkel, Philipp Joppe, Olivier Jourdan, Zsófia Jurányi, Benjamin Kirbus, Johannes Lucke, Anna E. Luebke, Maximilian Maahn, Nina Maherndl, Christian Mallaun, Johanna Mayer, Stephan Mertes, Guillaume Mioche, Manuel Moser, Hanno Müller, Veronika Pörtge, Nils Risse, Greg Roberts, Sophie Rosenburg, Johannes Röttenbacher, Michael Schäfer, Jonas Schaefer, Andreas Schäfler, Imke Schirmacher, Johannes Schneider, Sabrina Schnitt, Frank Stratmann, Christian Tatzelt, Christiane Voigt, Andreas Walbröl, Anna Weber, Bruno Wetzel, Martin Wirth, and Manfred Wendisch
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 1295–1328, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-1295-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-1295-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This paper provides an overview of the HALO–(AC)3 aircraft campaign data sets, the campaign-specific instrument operation, data processing, and data quality. The data set comprises in situ and remote sensing observations from three research aircraft: HALO, Polar 5, and Polar 6. All data are published in the PANGAEA database by instrument-separated data subsets. It is highlighted how the scientific analysis of the HALO–(AC)3 data benefits from the coordinated operation of three aircraft.
Felix Pithan, Ann Kristin Naumann, and Marion Maturilli
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 3269–3285, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3269-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3269-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Representing the exchange of air masses between the Arctic and mid-latitudes and the associated cloud formation is difficult for climate models. We compare climate model output to temperature and humidity measurements from weather balloons to provide suggestions for model improvements. Cold biases mostly occur in air that is exported from the Arctic. Models that compute the number of ice particles in a cloud better represent humidity than models that assume a fixed number of ice particles.
Diana Francis, Ricardo Fonseca, Narendra Nelli, Petra Heil, Jonathan Wille, Irina Gorodetskaya, and Robert Massom
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3535, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3535, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates the impact of atmospheric rivers and associated atmospheric dynamics on sea-ice thickness and snow depth at a coastal site in East Antarctica during July–November 2022 using in-situ measurements and numerical modelling. The passage of an atmospheric river induced a reduction of up to 0.06 m in both fields. Precipitation occurred from the convergence of katabatic winds with advected low-latitude moist air.
Zhenhai Zhang, F. Martin Ralph, Xun Zou, Brian Kawzenuk, Minghua Zheng, Irina V. Gorodetskaya, Penny M. Rowe, and David H. Bromwich
The Cryosphere, 18, 5239–5258, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-5239-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-5239-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Atmospheric rivers (ARs) are long, narrow corridors of strong water vapor transport in the atmosphere. ARs play an important role in extreme weather in polar regions, including heavy rain and/or snow, heat waves, and surface melt. The standard AR scale is developed based on the midlatitude climate and is insufficient for polar regions. This paper introduces an extended version of the AR scale tuned to polar regions, aiming to quantify polar ARs objectively based on their strength and impact.
Imke Schirmacher, Sabrina Schnitt, Marcus Klingebiel, Nina Maherndl, Benjamin Kirbus, André Ehrlich, Mario Mech, and Susanne Crewell
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 12823–12842, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12823-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12823-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
During Arctic marine cold-air outbreaks, cold air flows from sea ice over open water. Roll circulations evolve, forming cloud streets. We investigate the initial circulation and cloud development using high-resolution airborne measurements. We compute the distance an air mass traveled over water (fetch) from back trajectories. Cloud streets form at 15 km fetch, cloud cover strongly increases at around 20 km, and precipitation forms at around 30 km.
Andreas Walbröl, Hannes J. Griesche, Mario Mech, Susanne Crewell, and Kerstin Ebell
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 6223–6245, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-6223-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-6223-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We developed retrievals of integrated water vapour (IWV), temperature profiles, and humidity profiles from ground-based passive microwave remote sensing measurements gathered during the MOSAiC expedition. We demonstrate and quantify the benefit of combining low- and high-frequency microwave radiometers to improve humidity profiling and IWV estimates by comparing the retrieved quantities to single-instrument retrievals and reference datasets (radiosondes).
Nils Risse, Mario Mech, Catherine Prigent, Gunnar Spreen, and Susanne Crewell
The Cryosphere, 18, 4137–4163, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-4137-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-4137-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Passive microwave observations from satellites are crucial for monitoring Arctic sea ice and atmosphere. To do this effectively, it is important to understand how sea ice emits microwaves. Through unique Arctic sea ice observations, we improved our understanding, identified four distinct emission types, and expanded current knowledge to include higher frequencies. These findings will enhance our ability to monitor the Arctic climate and provide valuable information for new satellite missions.
Lara Foth, Wolfgang Dorn, Annette Rinke, Evelyn Jäkel, and Hannah Niehaus
The Cryosphere, 18, 4053–4064, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-4053-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-4053-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
It is demonstrated that the explicit consideration of the cloud dependence of the snow surface albedo in a climate model results in a more realistic simulation of the surface albedo during the snowmelt period in late May and June. Although this improvement appears to be relatively insubstantial, it has significant impact on the simulated sea-ice volume and extent in the model due to an amplification of the snow/sea-ice albedo feedback, one of the main contributors to Arctic amplification.
Falco Monsees, Alexei Rozanov, John P. Burrows, Mark Weber, Annette Rinke, Ralf Jaiser, and Peter von der Gathen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 9085–9099, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9085-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9085-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Cyclones strongly influence weather predictability but still cannot be fully characterised in the Arctic because of the sparse coverage of meteorological measurements. A potential approach to compensate for this is the use of satellite measurements of ozone, because cyclones impact the tropopause and therefore also ozone. In this study we used this connection to investigate the correlation between ozone and the tropopause in the Arctic and to identify cyclones with satellite ozone observations.
Manfred Wendisch, Susanne Crewell, André Ehrlich, Andreas Herber, Benjamin Kirbus, Christof Lüpkes, Mario Mech, Steven J. Abel, Elisa F. Akansu, Felix Ament, Clémantyne Aubry, Sebastian Becker, Stephan Borrmann, Heiko Bozem, Marlen Brückner, Hans-Christian Clemen, Sandro Dahlke, Georgios Dekoutsidis, Julien Delanoë, Elena De La Torre Castro, Henning Dorff, Regis Dupuy, Oliver Eppers, Florian Ewald, Geet George, Irina V. Gorodetskaya, Sarah Grawe, Silke Groß, Jörg Hartmann, Silvia Henning, Lutz Hirsch, Evelyn Jäkel, Philipp Joppe, Olivier Jourdan, Zsofia Jurányi, Michail Karalis, Mona Kellermann, Marcus Klingebiel, Michael Lonardi, Johannes Lucke, Anna E. Luebke, Maximilian Maahn, Nina Maherndl, Marion Maturilli, Bernhard Mayer, Johanna Mayer, Stephan Mertes, Janosch Michaelis, Michel Michalkov, Guillaume Mioche, Manuel Moser, Hanno Müller, Roel Neggers, Davide Ori, Daria Paul, Fiona M. Paulus, Christian Pilz, Felix Pithan, Mira Pöhlker, Veronika Pörtge, Maximilian Ringel, Nils Risse, Gregory C. Roberts, Sophie Rosenburg, Johannes Röttenbacher, Janna Rückert, Michael Schäfer, Jonas Schaefer, Vera Schemann, Imke Schirmacher, Jörg Schmidt, Sebastian Schmidt, Johannes Schneider, Sabrina Schnitt, Anja Schwarz, Holger Siebert, Harald Sodemann, Tim Sperzel, Gunnar Spreen, Bjorn Stevens, Frank Stratmann, Gunilla Svensson, Christian Tatzelt, Thomas Tuch, Timo Vihma, Christiane Voigt, Lea Volkmer, Andreas Walbröl, Anna Weber, Birgit Wehner, Bruno Wetzel, Martin Wirth, and Tobias Zinner
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8865–8892, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8865-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8865-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Arctic is warming faster than the rest of the globe. Warm-air intrusions (WAIs) into the Arctic may play an important role in explaining this phenomenon. Cold-air outbreaks (CAOs) out of the Arctic may link the Arctic climate changes to mid-latitude weather. In our article, we describe how to observe air mass transformations during CAOs and WAIs using three research aircraft instrumented with state-of-the-art remote-sensing and in situ measurement devices.
Andreas Walbröl, Janosch Michaelis, Sebastian Becker, Henning Dorff, Kerstin Ebell, Irina Gorodetskaya, Bernd Heinold, Benjamin Kirbus, Melanie Lauer, Nina Maherndl, Marion Maturilli, Johanna Mayer, Hanno Müller, Roel A. J. Neggers, Fiona M. Paulus, Johannes Röttenbacher, Janna E. Rückert, Imke Schirmacher, Nils Slättberg, André Ehrlich, Manfred Wendisch, and Susanne Crewell
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8007–8029, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8007-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8007-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
To support the interpretation of the data collected during the HALO-(AC)3 campaign, which took place in the North Atlantic sector of the Arctic from 7 March to 12 April 2022, we analyze how unusual the weather and sea ice conditions were with respect to the long-term climatology. From observations and ERA5 reanalysis, we found record-breaking warm air intrusions and a large variety of marine cold air outbreaks. Sea ice concentration was mostly within the climatological interquartile range.
Taneil Uttal, Leslie M. Hartten, Siri Jodha Khalsa, Barbara Casati, Gunilla Svensson, Jonathan Day, Jareth Holt, Elena Akish, Sara Morris, Ewan O'Connor, Roberta Pirazzini, Laura X. Huang, Robert Crawford, Zen Mariani, Øystein Godøy, Johanna A. K. Tjernström, Giri Prakash, Nicki Hickmon, Marion Maturilli, and Christopher J. Cox
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 5225–5247, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-5225-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-5225-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A Merged Observatory Data File (MODF) format to systematically collate complex atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial data sets collected by multiple instruments during field campaigns is presented. The MODF format is also designed to be applied to model output data, yielding format-matching Merged Model Data Files (MMDFs). MODFs plus MMDFs will augment and accelerate the synergistic use of model results with observational data to increase understanding and predictive skill.
Zen Mariani, Sara M. Morris, Taneil Uttal, Elena Akish, Robert Crawford, Laura Huang, Jonathan Day, Johanna Tjernström, Øystein Godøy, Lara Ferrighi, Leslie M. Hartten, Jareth Holt, Christopher J. Cox, Ewan O'Connor, Roberta Pirazzini, Marion Maturilli, Giri Prakash, James Mather, Kimberly Strong, Pierre Fogal, Vasily Kustov, Gunilla Svensson, Michael Gallagher, and Brian Vasel
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 3083–3124, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3083-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3083-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
During the Year of Polar Prediction (YOPP), we increased measurements in the polar regions and have made dedicated efforts to centralize and standardize all of the different types of datasets that have been collected to facilitate user uptake and model–observation comparisons. This paper is an overview of those efforts and a description of the novel standardized Merged Observation Data Files (MODFs), including a description of the sites, data format, and instruments.
Bjorn Stevens, Stefan Adami, Tariq Ali, Hartwig Anzt, Zafer Aslan, Sabine Attinger, Jaana Bäck, Johanna Baehr, Peter Bauer, Natacha Bernier, Bob Bishop, Hendryk Bockelmann, Sandrine Bony, Guy Brasseur, David N. Bresch, Sean Breyer, Gilbert Brunet, Pier Luigi Buttigieg, Junji Cao, Christelle Castet, Yafang Cheng, Ayantika Dey Choudhury, Deborah Coen, Susanne Crewell, Atish Dabholkar, Qing Dai, Francisco Doblas-Reyes, Dale Durran, Ayoub El Gaidi, Charlie Ewen, Eleftheria Exarchou, Veronika Eyring, Florencia Falkinhoff, David Farrell, Piers M. Forster, Ariane Frassoni, Claudia Frauen, Oliver Fuhrer, Shahzad Gani, Edwin Gerber, Debra Goldfarb, Jens Grieger, Nicolas Gruber, Wilco Hazeleger, Rolf Herken, Chris Hewitt, Torsten Hoefler, Huang-Hsiung Hsu, Daniela Jacob, Alexandra Jahn, Christian Jakob, Thomas Jung, Christopher Kadow, In-Sik Kang, Sarah Kang, Karthik Kashinath, Katharina Kleinen-von Königslöw, Daniel Klocke, Uta Kloenne, Milan Klöwer, Chihiro Kodama, Stefan Kollet, Tobias Kölling, Jenni Kontkanen, Steve Kopp, Michal Koran, Markku Kulmala, Hanna Lappalainen, Fakhria Latifi, Bryan Lawrence, June Yi Lee, Quentin Lejeun, Christian Lessig, Chao Li, Thomas Lippert, Jürg Luterbacher, Pekka Manninen, Jochem Marotzke, Satoshi Matsouoka, Charlotte Merchant, Peter Messmer, Gero Michel, Kristel Michielsen, Tomoki Miyakawa, Jens Müller, Ramsha Munir, Sandeep Narayanasetti, Ousmane Ndiaye, Carlos Nobre, Achim Oberg, Riko Oki, Tuba Özkan-Haller, Tim Palmer, Stan Posey, Andreas Prein, Odessa Primus, Mike Pritchard, Julie Pullen, Dian Putrasahan, Johannes Quaas, Krishnan Raghavan, Venkatachalam Ramaswamy, Markus Rapp, Florian Rauser, Markus Reichstein, Aromar Revi, Sonakshi Saluja, Masaki Satoh, Vera Schemann, Sebastian Schemm, Christina Schnadt Poberaj, Thomas Schulthess, Cath Senior, Jagadish Shukla, Manmeet Singh, Julia Slingo, Adam Sobel, Silvina Solman, Jenna Spitzer, Philip Stier, Thomas Stocker, Sarah Strock, Hang Su, Petteri Taalas, John Taylor, Susann Tegtmeier, Georg Teutsch, Adrian Tompkins, Uwe Ulbrich, Pier-Luigi Vidale, Chien-Ming Wu, Hao Xu, Najibullah Zaki, Laure Zanna, Tianjun Zhou, and Florian Ziemen
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 2113–2122, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2113-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2113-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
To manage Earth in the Anthropocene, new tools, new institutions, and new forms of international cooperation will be required. Earth Virtualization Engines is proposed as an international federation of centers of excellence to empower all people to respond to the immense and urgent challenges posed by climate change.
Evelyn Jäkel, Sebastian Becker, Tim R. Sperzel, Hannah Niehaus, Gunnar Spreen, Ran Tao, Marcel Nicolaus, Wolfgang Dorn, Annette Rinke, Jörg Brauchle, and Manfred Wendisch
The Cryosphere, 18, 1185–1205, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-1185-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-1185-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The results of the surface albedo scheme of a coupled regional climate model were evaluated against airborne and ground-based measurements conducted in the European Arctic in different seasons between 2017 and 2022. We found a seasonally dependent bias between measured and modeled surface albedo for cloudless and cloudy situations. The strongest effects of the albedo model bias on the net irradiance were most apparent in the presence of optically thin clouds.
Sabrina Schnitt, Andreas Foth, Heike Kalesse-Los, Mario Mech, Claudia Acquistapace, Friedhelm Jansen, Ulrich Löhnert, Bernhard Pospichal, Johannes Röttenbacher, Susanne Crewell, and Bjorn Stevens
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 681–700, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-681-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-681-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This publication describes the microwave radiometric measurements performed during the EUREC4A campaign at Barbados Cloud Observatory (BCO) and aboard RV Meteor and RV Maria S Merian. We present retrieved integrated water vapor (IWV), liquid water path (LWP), and temperature and humidity profiles as a unified, quality-controlled, multi-site data set on a 3 s temporal resolution for a core period between 19 January 2020 and 14 February 2020.
Albert Ansmann, Kevin Ohneiser, Ronny Engelmann, Martin Radenz, Hannes Griesche, Julian Hofer, Dietrich Althausen, Jessie M. Creamean, Matthew C. Boyer, Daniel A. Knopf, Sandro Dahlke, Marion Maturilli, Henriette Gebauer, Johannes Bühl, Cristofer Jimenez, Patric Seifert, and Ulla Wandinger
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 12821–12849, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12821-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12821-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The 1-year MOSAiC (2019–2020) expedition with the German ice breaker Polarstern was the largest polar field campaign ever conducted. The Polarstern, with our lidar aboard, drifted with the pack ice north of 85° N for more than 7 months (October 2019 to mid-May 2020). We measured the full annual cycle of aerosol conditions in terms of aerosol optical and cloud-process-relevant properties. We observed a strong contrast between polluted winter and clean summer aerosol conditions.
Imke Schirmacher, Pavlos Kollias, Katia Lamer, Mario Mech, Lukas Pfitzenmaier, Manfred Wendisch, and Susanne Crewell
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 4081–4100, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-4081-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-4081-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
CloudSat’s relatively coarse spatial resolution, low sensitivity, and blind zone limit its assessment of Arctic low-level clouds, which affect the surface energy balance. We compare cloud fractions from CloudSat and finely resolved airborne radar observations to determine CloudSat’s limitations. Cloudsat overestimates cloud fractions above its blind zone, especially during cold-air outbreaks over open water, and misses a cloud fraction of 32 % and half of the precipitation inside its blind zone.
Melanie Lauer, Annette Rinke, Irina Gorodetskaya, Michael Sprenger, Mario Mech, and Susanne Crewell
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8705–8726, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8705-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8705-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We present a new method to analyse the influence of atmospheric rivers (ARs), cyclones, and fronts on the precipitation in the Arctic, based on two campaigns: ACLOUD (early summer 2017) and AFLUX (early spring 2019). There are differences between both campaign periods: in early summer, the precipitation is mostly related to ARs and fronts, especially when they are co-located, while in early spring, cyclones isolated from ARs and fronts contributed most to the precipitation.
Julie Thérèse Pasquier, Jan Henneberger, Fabiola Ramelli, Annika Lauber, Robert Oscar David, Jörg Wieder, Tim Carlsen, Rosa Gierens, Marion Maturilli, and Ulrike Lohmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 15579–15601, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15579-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15579-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
It is important to understand how ice crystals and cloud droplets form in clouds, as their concentrations and sizes determine the exact radiative properties of the clouds. Normally, ice crystals form from aerosols, but we found evidence for the formation of additional ice crystals from the original ones over a large temperature range within Arctic clouds. In particular, additional ice crystals were formed during collisions of several ice crystals or during the freezing of large cloud droplets.
Ana C. L. Sá, Bruno Aparicio, Akli Benali, Chiara Bruni, Michele Salis, Fábio Silva, Martinho Marta-Almeida, Susana Pereira, Alfredo Rocha, and José Pereira
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 3917–3938, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-3917-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-3917-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Assessing landscape wildfire connectivity supported by wildfire spread simulations can improve fire hazard assessment and fuel management plans. Weather severity determines the degree of fuel patch connectivity and thus the potential to spread large and intense wildfires. Mapping highly connected patches in the landscape highlights patch candidates for prior fuel treatments, which ultimately will contribute to creating fire-resilient Mediterranean landscapes.
Annakaisa von Lerber, Mario Mech, Annette Rinke, Damao Zhang, Melanie Lauer, Ana Radovan, Irina Gorodetskaya, and Susanne Crewell
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 7287–7317, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7287-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7287-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Snowfall is an important climate indicator. However, microphysical snowfall processes are challenging for atmospheric models. In this study, the performance of a regional climate model is evaluated in modeling the spatial and temporal distribution of Arctic snowfall when compared to CloudSat satellite observations. Excellent agreement in averaged annual snowfall rates is found, and the shown methodology offers a promising diagnostic tool to investigate the shown differences further.
Klaus Dethloff, Wieslaw Maslowski, Stefan Hendricks, Younjoo J. Lee, Helge F. Goessling, Thomas Krumpen, Christian Haas, Dörthe Handorf, Robert Ricker, Vladimir Bessonov, John J. Cassano, Jaclyn Clement Kinney, Robert Osinski, Markus Rex, Annette Rinke, Julia Sokolova, and Anja Sommerfeld
The Cryosphere, 16, 981–1005, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-981-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-981-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Sea ice thickness anomalies during the MOSAiC (Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate) winter in January, February and March 2020 were simulated with the coupled Regional Arctic climate System Model (RASM) and compared with CryoSat-2/SMOS satellite data. Hindcast and ensemble simulations indicate that the sea ice anomalies are driven by nonlinear interactions between ice growth processes and wind-driven sea-ice transports, with dynamics playing a dominant role.
Anna A. Shestakova, Dmitry G. Chechin, Christof Lüpkes, Jörg Hartmann, and Marion Maturilli
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 1529–1548, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1529-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1529-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This article presents a comprehensive analysis of the easterly orographic wind episode which occurred over Svalbard on 30–31 May 2017. This wind caused a significant temperature rise on the lee side of the mountains and greatly intensified the snowmelt. This episode was investigated on the basis of measurements collected during the ACLOUD/PASCAL field campaigns with the help of numerical modeling.
Claudia Acquistapace, Richard Coulter, Susanne Crewell, Albert Garcia-Benadi, Rosa Gierens, Giacomo Labbri, Alexander Myagkov, Nils Risse, and Jan H. Schween
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 33–55, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-33-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-33-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This publication describes the unprecedented high-resolution cloud and precipitation dataset collected by two radars deployed on the Maria S. Merian research vessel. The ship operated in the west Atlantic Ocean during the measurement campaign called EUREC4A, between 19 January and 19 February 2020. The data collected are crucial to investigate clouds and precipitation and understand how they form and change over the ocean, where it is so difficult to measure them.
Hélène Bresson, Annette Rinke, Mario Mech, Daniel Reinert, Vera Schemann, Kerstin Ebell, Marion Maturilli, Carolina Viceto, Irina Gorodetskaya, and Susanne Crewell
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 173–196, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-173-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-173-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Arctic warming is pronounced, and one factor in this is the poleward atmospheric transport of heat and moisture. This study assesses the 4D structure of an Arctic moisture intrusion event which occurred in June 2017. For the first time, high-resolution pan-Arctic ICON simulations are performed and compared with global models, reanalysis, and observations. Results show the added value of high resolution in the event representation and the impact of the intrusion on the surface energy fluxes.
Heike Konow, Florian Ewald, Geet George, Marek Jacob, Marcus Klingebiel, Tobias Kölling, Anna E. Luebke, Theresa Mieslinger, Veronika Pörtge, Jule Radtke, Michael Schäfer, Hauke Schulz, Raphaela Vogel, Martin Wirth, Sandrine Bony, Susanne Crewell, André Ehrlich, Linda Forster, Andreas Giez, Felix Gödde, Silke Groß, Manuel Gutleben, Martin Hagen, Lutz Hirsch, Friedhelm Jansen, Theresa Lang, Bernhard Mayer, Mario Mech, Marc Prange, Sabrina Schnitt, Jessica Vial, Andreas Walbröl, Manfred Wendisch, Kevin Wolf, Tobias Zinner, Martin Zöger, Felix Ament, and Bjorn Stevens
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 5545–5563, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-5545-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-5545-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The German research aircraft HALO took part in the research campaign EUREC4A in January and February 2020. The focus area was the tropical Atlantic east of the island of Barbados. We describe the characteristics of the 15 research flights, provide auxiliary information, derive combined cloud mask products from all instruments that observe clouds on board the aircraft, and provide code examples that help new users of the data to get started.
Sebastian Landwehr, Michele Volpi, F. Alexander Haumann, Charlotte M. Robinson, Iris Thurnherr, Valerio Ferracci, Andrea Baccarini, Jenny Thomas, Irina Gorodetskaya, Christian Tatzelt, Silvia Henning, Rob L. Modini, Heather J. Forrer, Yajuan Lin, Nicolas Cassar, Rafel Simó, Christel Hassler, Alireza Moallemi, Sarah E. Fawcett, Neil Harris, Ruth Airs, Marzieh H. Derkani, Alberto Alberello, Alessandro Toffoli, Gang Chen, Pablo Rodríguez-Ros, Marina Zamanillo, Pau Cortés-Greus, Lei Xue, Conor G. Bolas, Katherine C. Leonard, Fernando Perez-Cruz, David Walton, and Julia Schmale
Earth Syst. Dynam., 12, 1295–1369, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-12-1295-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-12-1295-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition surveyed a large number of variables describing the dynamic state of ocean and atmosphere, freshwater cycle, atmospheric chemistry, ocean biogeochemistry, and microbiology in the Southern Ocean. To reduce the dimensionality of the dataset, we apply a sparse principal component analysis and identify temporal patterns from diurnal to seasonal cycles, as well as geographical gradients and
hotspotsof interaction. Code and data are open access.
Kevin Ohneiser, Albert Ansmann, Alexandra Chudnovsky, Ronny Engelmann, Christoph Ritter, Igor Veselovskii, Holger Baars, Henriette Gebauer, Hannes Griesche, Martin Radenz, Julian Hofer, Dietrich Althausen, Sandro Dahlke, and Marion Maturilli
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 15783–15808, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15783-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15783-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The highlight of the lidar measurements during the 1-year MOSAiC (Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate) expedition of the German icebreaker Polarstern (October 2019–October 2020) was the detection of a persistent, 10 km deep Siberian wildfire smoke layer in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) from about 7–8 km to 17–18 km height that could potentially have impacted the record-breaking ozone depletion over the Arctic in the spring of 2020.
Ronny Engelmann, Albert Ansmann, Kevin Ohneiser, Hannes Griesche, Martin Radenz, Julian Hofer, Dietrich Althausen, Sandro Dahlke, Marion Maturilli, Igor Veselovskii, Cristofer Jimenez, Robert Wiesen, Holger Baars, Johannes Bühl, Henriette Gebauer, Moritz Haarig, Patric Seifert, Ulla Wandinger, and Andreas Macke
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 13397–13423, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13397-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13397-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
A Raman lidar was operated aboard the icebreaker Polarstern during MOSAiC and monitored aerosol and cloud layers in the central Arctic up to 30 km height. The article provides an overview of the spectrum of aerosol profiling observations and shows aerosol–cloud interaction studies for liquid-water and ice clouds. A highlight was the detection of a 10 km deep wildfire smoke layer over the North Pole up to 17 km height from the fire season of 2019, which persisted over the whole winter period.
Bjorn Stevens, Sandrine Bony, David Farrell, Felix Ament, Alan Blyth, Christopher Fairall, Johannes Karstensen, Patricia K. Quinn, Sabrina Speich, Claudia Acquistapace, Franziska Aemisegger, Anna Lea Albright, Hugo Bellenger, Eberhard Bodenschatz, Kathy-Ann Caesar, Rebecca Chewitt-Lucas, Gijs de Boer, Julien Delanoë, Leif Denby, Florian Ewald, Benjamin Fildier, Marvin Forde, Geet George, Silke Gross, Martin Hagen, Andrea Hausold, Karen J. Heywood, Lutz Hirsch, Marek Jacob, Friedhelm Jansen, Stefan Kinne, Daniel Klocke, Tobias Kölling, Heike Konow, Marie Lothon, Wiebke Mohr, Ann Kristin Naumann, Louise Nuijens, Léa Olivier, Robert Pincus, Mira Pöhlker, Gilles Reverdin, Gregory Roberts, Sabrina Schnitt, Hauke Schulz, A. Pier Siebesma, Claudia Christine Stephan, Peter Sullivan, Ludovic Touzé-Peiffer, Jessica Vial, Raphaela Vogel, Paquita Zuidema, Nicola Alexander, Lyndon Alves, Sophian Arixi, Hamish Asmath, Gholamhossein Bagheri, Katharina Baier, Adriana Bailey, Dariusz Baranowski, Alexandre Baron, Sébastien Barrau, Paul A. Barrett, Frédéric Batier, Andreas Behrendt, Arne Bendinger, Florent Beucher, Sebastien Bigorre, Edmund Blades, Peter Blossey, Olivier Bock, Steven Böing, Pierre Bosser, Denis Bourras, Pascale Bouruet-Aubertot, Keith Bower, Pierre Branellec, Hubert Branger, Michal Brennek, Alan Brewer, Pierre-Etienne Brilouet, Björn Brügmann, Stefan A. Buehler, Elmo Burke, Ralph Burton, Radiance Calmer, Jean-Christophe Canonici, Xavier Carton, Gregory Cato Jr., Jude Andre Charles, Patrick Chazette, Yanxu Chen, Michal T. Chilinski, Thomas Choularton, Patrick Chuang, Shamal Clarke, Hugh Coe, Céline Cornet, Pierre Coutris, Fleur Couvreux, Susanne Crewell, Timothy Cronin, Zhiqiang Cui, Yannis Cuypers, Alton Daley, Gillian M. Damerell, Thibaut Dauhut, Hartwig Deneke, Jean-Philippe Desbios, Steffen Dörner, Sebastian Donner, Vincent Douet, Kyla Drushka, Marina Dütsch, André Ehrlich, Kerry Emanuel, Alexandros Emmanouilidis, Jean-Claude Etienne, Sheryl Etienne-Leblanc, Ghislain Faure, Graham Feingold, Luca Ferrero, Andreas Fix, Cyrille Flamant, Piotr Jacek Flatau, Gregory R. Foltz, Linda Forster, Iulian Furtuna, Alan Gadian, Joseph Galewsky, Martin Gallagher, Peter Gallimore, Cassandra Gaston, Chelle Gentemann, Nicolas Geyskens, Andreas Giez, John Gollop, Isabelle Gouirand, Christophe Gourbeyre, Dörte de Graaf, Geiske E. de Groot, Robert Grosz, Johannes Güttler, Manuel Gutleben, Kashawn Hall, George Harris, Kevin C. Helfer, Dean Henze, Calvert Herbert, Bruna Holanda, Antonio Ibanez-Landeta, Janet Intrieri, Suneil Iyer, Fabrice Julien, Heike Kalesse, Jan Kazil, Alexander Kellman, Abiel T. Kidane, Ulrike Kirchner, Marcus Klingebiel, Mareike Körner, Leslie Ann Kremper, Jan Kretzschmar, Ovid Krüger, Wojciech Kumala, Armin Kurz, Pierre L'Hégaret, Matthieu Labaste, Tom Lachlan-Cope, Arlene Laing, Peter Landschützer, Theresa Lang, Diego Lange, Ingo Lange, Clément Laplace, Gauke Lavik, Rémi Laxenaire, Caroline Le Bihan, Mason Leandro, Nathalie Lefevre, Marius Lena, Donald Lenschow, Qiang Li, Gary Lloyd, Sebastian Los, Niccolò Losi, Oscar Lovell, Christopher Luneau, Przemyslaw Makuch, Szymon Malinowski, Gaston Manta, Eleni Marinou, Nicholas Marsden, Sebastien Masson, Nicolas Maury, Bernhard Mayer, Margarette Mayers-Als, Christophe Mazel, Wayne McGeary, James C. McWilliams, Mario Mech, Melina Mehlmann, Agostino Niyonkuru Meroni, Theresa Mieslinger, Andreas Minikin, Peter Minnett, Gregor Möller, Yanmichel Morfa Avalos, Caroline Muller, Ionela Musat, Anna Napoli, Almuth Neuberger, Christophe Noisel, David Noone, Freja Nordsiek, Jakub L. Nowak, Lothar Oswald, Douglas J. Parker, Carolyn Peck, Renaud Person, Miriam Philippi, Albert Plueddemann, Christopher Pöhlker, Veronika Pörtge, Ulrich Pöschl, Lawrence Pologne, Michał Posyniak, Marc Prange, Estefanía Quiñones Meléndez, Jule Radtke, Karim Ramage, Jens Reimann, Lionel Renault, Klaus Reus, Ashford Reyes, Joachim Ribbe, Maximilian Ringel, Markus Ritschel, Cesar B. Rocha, Nicolas Rochetin, Johannes Röttenbacher, Callum Rollo, Haley Royer, Pauline Sadoulet, Leo Saffin, Sanola Sandiford, Irina Sandu, Michael Schäfer, Vera Schemann, Imke Schirmacher, Oliver Schlenczek, Jerome Schmidt, Marcel Schröder, Alfons Schwarzenboeck, Andrea Sealy, Christoph J. Senff, Ilya Serikov, Samkeyat Shohan, Elizabeth Siddle, Alexander Smirnov, Florian Späth, Branden Spooner, M. Katharina Stolla, Wojciech Szkółka, Simon P. de Szoeke, Stéphane Tarot, Eleni Tetoni, Elizabeth Thompson, Jim Thomson, Lorenzo Tomassini, Julien Totems, Alma Anna Ubele, Leonie Villiger, Jan von Arx, Thomas Wagner, Andi Walther, Ben Webber, Manfred Wendisch, Shanice Whitehall, Anton Wiltshire, Allison A. Wing, Martin Wirth, Jonathan Wiskandt, Kevin Wolf, Ludwig Worbes, Ethan Wright, Volker Wulfmeyer, Shanea Young, Chidong Zhang, Dongxiao Zhang, Florian Ziemen, Tobias Zinner, and Martin Zöger
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 4067–4119, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4067-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4067-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The EUREC4A field campaign, designed to test hypothesized mechanisms by which clouds respond to warming and benchmark next-generation Earth-system models, is presented. EUREC4A comprised roughly 5 weeks of measurements in the downstream winter trades of the North Atlantic – eastward and southeastward of Barbados. It was the first campaign that attempted to characterize the full range of processes and scales influencing trade wind clouds.
Benjamin Männel, Florian Zus, Galina Dick, Susanne Glaser, Maximilian Semmling, Kyriakos Balidakis, Jens Wickert, Marion Maturilli, Sandro Dahlke, and Harald Schuh
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 5127–5138, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-5127-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-5127-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Within the MOSAiC expedition, GNSS was used to monitor variations in atmospheric water vapor. Based on 15 months of continuously tracked data, coordinates and hourly zenith total delays (ZTDs) were determined using kinematic precise point positioning. The derived ZTD values agree within few millimeters with ERA5 and terrestrial GNSS and VLBI stations. The derived integrated water vapor corresponds to the frequently launched radiosondes (0.08 ± 0.04 kg m−2, rms of the differences of 1.47 kg m−2).
Jun Inoue, Yutaka Tobo, Kazutoshi Sato, Fumikazu Taketani, and Marion Maturilli
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 4971–4987, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-4971-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-4971-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
A cloud particle sensor (CPS) sonde is an observing system to obtain the signals of the phase, size, and the number of cloud particles. Based on the field experiments in the Arctic regions and numerical experiments, we proposed a method to correct the CPS sonde data and found that the CPS sonde system can appropriately observe the liquid cloud if our correction method is applied.
Susanne Crewell, Kerstin Ebell, Patrick Konjari, Mario Mech, Tatiana Nomokonova, Ana Radovan, David Strack, Arantxa M. Triana-Gómez, Stefan Noël, Raul Scarlat, Gunnar Spreen, Marion Maturilli, Annette Rinke, Irina Gorodetskaya, Carolina Viceto, Thomas August, and Marc Schröder
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 4829–4856, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-4829-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-4829-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Water vapor (WV) is an important variable in the climate system. Satellite measurements are thus crucial to characterize the spatial and temporal variability in WV and how it changed over time. In particular with respect to the observed strong Arctic warming, the role of WV still needs to be better understood. However, as shown in this paper, a detailed understanding is still hampered by large uncertainties in the various satellite WV products, showing the need for improved methods to derive WV.
Iris Thurnherr, Katharina Hartmuth, Lukas Jansing, Josué Gehring, Maxi Boettcher, Irina Gorodetskaya, Martin Werner, Heini Wernli, and Franziska Aemisegger
Weather Clim. Dynam., 2, 331–357, https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-2-331-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-2-331-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Extratropical cyclones are important for the transport of moisture from low to high latitudes. In this study, we investigate how the isotopic composition of water vapour is affected by horizontal temperature advection associated with extratropical cyclones using measurements and modelling. It is shown that air–sea moisture fluxes induced by this horizontal temperature advection lead to the strong variability observed in the isotopic composition of water vapour in the marine boundary layer.
Marek Jacob, Pavlos Kollias, Felix Ament, Vera Schemann, and Susanne Crewell
Geosci. Model Dev., 13, 5757–5777, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-5757-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-5757-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We compare clouds in different cloud-resolving atmosphere simulations with airborne remote sensing observations. The focus is on warm shallow clouds in the Atlantic trade wind region. Those clouds are climatologically important but challenging for climate models. We use forward operators to apply instrument-specific thresholds for cloud detection to model outputs. In this comparison, the higher-resolution model better reproduces the layered cloud structure.
Maialen Iturbide, José M. Gutiérrez, Lincoln M. Alves, Joaquín Bedia, Ruth Cerezo-Mota, Ezequiel Cimadevilla, Antonio S. Cofiño, Alejandro Di Luca, Sergio Henrique Faria, Irina V. Gorodetskaya, Mathias Hauser, Sixto Herrera, Kevin Hennessy, Helene T. Hewitt, Richard G. Jones, Svitlana Krakovska, Rodrigo Manzanas, Daniel Martínez-Castro, Gemma T. Narisma, Intan S. Nurhati, Izidine Pinto, Sonia I. Seneviratne, Bart van den Hurk, and Carolina S. Vera
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 2959–2970, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2959-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2959-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We present an update of the IPCC WGI reference regions used in AR5 for the synthesis of climate change information. This revision was guided by the basic principles of climatic consistency and model representativeness (in particular for the new CMIP6 simulations). We also present a new dataset of monthly CMIP5 and CMIP6 spatially aggregated information using the new reference regions and describe a worked example of how to use this dataset to inform regional climate change studies.
Ilias Bougoudis, Anne-Marlene Blechschmidt, Andreas Richter, Sora Seo, John Philip Burrows, Nicolas Theys, and Annette Rinke
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 11869–11892, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-11869-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-11869-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
A 22-year (1996 to 2017) consistent Arctic tropospheric BrO dataset derived from four satellite remote sensing instruments is presented. An increase in tropospheric BrO VCDs over this period, and especially during polar springs, can be seen. Comparisons of tropospheric BrO VCDs with first-year sea ice reveal a moderate spatial and temporal correlation between the two, suggesting that the increase in first-year sea ice in the Arctic has an impact on tropospheric BrO abundancies.
Mario Mech, Maximilian Maahn, Stefan Kneifel, Davide Ori, Emiliano Orlandi, Pavlos Kollias, Vera Schemann, and Susanne Crewell
Geosci. Model Dev., 13, 4229–4251, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-4229-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-4229-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The Passive and Active Microwave TRAnsfer tool (PAMTRA) is a public domain software package written in Python and Fortran for the simulation of microwave remote sensing observations. PAMTRA models the interaction of radiation with gases, clouds, precipitation, and the surface using either in situ observations or model output as input parameters. The wide range of applications is demonstrated for passive (radiometer) and active (radar) instruments on ground, airborne, and satellite platforms.
Cited articles
Akperov, M., Rinke, A., Mokhov, I. I., Matthes, H., Semenov, V. A.,
Adakudlu, M., Cassano, J., Christensen, J. H., Dembitskaya, M. A., Dethloff,
K., Fettweis, X., Glisan, J., Gutjahr, O., Heinemann, G., Koenigk, T.,
Koldunov, N. V., Laprise, R., Mottram, R., Nikiéma, O., Scinocca, J. F.,
Sein, D., Sobolowski, S., Winger, K., and Zhang, W.: Cyclone Activity in the
Arctic From an Ensemble of Regional Climate Models (Arctic CORDEX), J.
Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 123, 2537–2554, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JD027703,
2018.
Aleksandrov, Y. I., Bryazgin, N. N., Førland, E. J., Radionov, V. F., and
Svyashchennikov, P. N.: Seasonal, interannual and long-term variability of
precipitation and snow depth in the region of the Barents and Kara seas,
Polar Res., 24, 69–85,
https://doi.org/10.3402/polar.v24i1.6254, 2005.
Baggett, C., Lee, S., and Feldstein, S.: An Investigation of the Presence of
Atmospheric Rivers over the North Pacific during Planetary-Scale Wave Life
Cycles and Their Role in Arctic Warming, J. Atmos. Sci., 73, 4329–4347,
https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS-D-16-0033.1, 2016.
Benedict, J. J., Clement, A. C., and Medeiros, B.: Atmospheric Blocking and
Other Large-Scale Precursor Patterns of Landfalling Atmospheric Rivers in
the North Pacific: A CESM2 Study, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 124,
11330–11353, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD030790, 2019.
Bengtsson, L., Hodges, K. I., Koumoutsaris, S., Zahn, M., and Keenlyside, N.:
The changing atmospheric water cycle in Polar Regions in a warmer climate,
Tellus, 63, 907–920, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0870.2011.00534.x,
2011.
Bennartz, R., Shupe, M. D., Turner, D. D., Walden, V. P., Steffen, K., Cox,
C. J., Kulie, M. S., Miller, N. B., and Pettersen, C.: July 2012 Greenland
melt extent enhanced by low-level liquid clouds, Nature, 496, 83–86,
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12002, 2013.
Bevis, M., Businger, S., Herring, T. A., Rocken, C., Anthes, R. A., and Ware,
R. H.: GPS meteorology: Remote sensing of atmospheric water vapor using the
global positioning system, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 15787–15801,
https://doi.org/10.1029/92JD01517, 1992.
Bintanja, R. and Selten, F. M.: Future increases in Arctic precipitation
linked to local evaporation and sea-ice retreat, Nature, 509, 479–482,
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13259, 2014.
Bintanja, R., van der Wiel, K., van der Linden, E. C., Reusen, J., Bogerd,
L., Krikken, F., and Selten, F. M.: Strong future increases in Arctic
precipitation variability linked to poleward moisture transport, Sci. Adv.,
6, eaax6869, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aax6869, 2020.
Blumstein, D., Chalon, G., Carlier, T., Buil, C., Hébert, P., Maciaszek,
T., Ponce, G., Phulpin, T., Tournier, B., Siméoni, D., Astruc, P.,
Clauss, A., Kayal, G., and Jegou, R.: IASI instrument: Technical overview and
measured performances, Proc. Spie., 5543, 196–207,
https://doi.org/10.1117/12.560907, 2004.
Boisvert, L. N., Webster, M. A., Petty, A. A., Markus, T., Bromwich, D. H.,
and Cullather, R. I.: Intercomparison of Precipitation Estimates over the
Arctic Ocean and Its Peripheral Seas from Reanalyses, J. Clim., 31,
8441–8462, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0125.1, 2018.
Bresson, H., Rinke, A., Mech, M., Reinert, D., Schemann, V., Ebell, K., Maturilli, M., Viceto, C., Gorodetskaya, I., and Crewell, S.: Case study of a moisture intrusion over the Arctic with the ICOsahedral Non-hydrostatic (ICON) model: resolution dependence of its representation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 173–196, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-173-2022, 2022.
Callaghan, T. V., Johansson, M., Brown, R. D., Groisman, P. Y., Labba, N.,
Radionov, V., Barry, R. G., Bulygina, O. N., Essery, R. L. H., Frolov, D.
M., Golubev, V. N., Grenfell, T. C., Petrushina, M. N., Razuvaev, V. N.,
Robinson, D. A., Romanov, P., Shindell, D., Shmakin, A. B., Sokratov, S. A.,
Warren, S., and Yang, D.: The Changing Face of Arctic Snow Cover: A Synthesis
of Observed and Projected Changes, Ambio, 40, 17–31,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-011-0212-y, 2011.
Christensen, O. B., Drews, M., Christensen, J. H., Dethloff, K., Ketelsen,
K., Hebestadt, I., and Rinke, A.: The HIRHAM Regional Climate Model Version 5
(β), Technical report 06–17, Danish Meteorol. Institute, Copenhagen,
Denmark, 1–22, 2007.
Cohen, J., Pfeiffer, K., and Francis, J. A.: Warm Arctic episodes linked with
increased frequency of extreme winter weather in the United States, Nat.
Commun., 9, 869, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-02992-9, 2018.
Coumou, D., Di Capua, G., Vavrus, S., Wang, L., and Wang, S.: The influence
of Arctic amplification on mid-latitude summer circulation, Nat. Commun.,
9, 1–12, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-05256-8, 2018.
Crewell, S., Ebell, K., Konjari, P., Mech, M., Nomokonova, T., Radovan, A.,
Strack, D., Triana-Gómez, A. M., Noël, S., Scarlat, R., Spreen, G.,
Maturilli, M., Rinke, A., Gorodetskaya, I., Viceto, C., August, T., and
Schröder, M.: A systematic assessment of water vapor products in the
Arctic: from instantaneous measurements to monthly means, Atmos. Meas.
Tech., 14, 4829–4856, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-4829-2021, 2021.
Dee, D. P., Uppala, S. M., Simmons, A. J., Berrisford, P., Poli, P.,
Kobayashi, S., Andrae, U., Balmaseda, M. A., Balsamo, G., Bauer, P.,
Bechtold, P., Beljaars, A. C. M., van de Berg, L., Bidlot, J., Bormann, N.,
Delsol, C., Dragani, R., Fuentes, M., Geer, A. J., Haimberger, L., Healy, S.
B., Hersbach, H., Hólm, E. V., Isaksen, L., Kållberg, P.,
Köhler, M., Matricardi, M., McNally, A. P., Monge-Sanz, B. M.,
Morcrette, J.-J., Park, B.-K., Peubey, C., de Rosnay, P., Tavolato, C.,
Thépaut, J.-N., and Vitart, F.: The ERA-Interim reanalysis: Configuration
and performance of the data assimilation system, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc.,
137, 553–597, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.828, 2011.
Dettinger, M. D.: Atmospheric Rivers as Drought Busters on the U. S. West
Coast, J. Hydrometeorol., 14, 1721–1732, https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-13-02.1, 2013.
Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum (DKRZ): https://dkrz.de/up/systems/hpss/hpss (last access: 22 November 2021), 2021a.
Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum (DKRZ): Swift Object Storage, available at: https://www.dkrz.de/up/systems/swift(last access: 22 November 2021), 2021b.
Dick, G., Gendt, G., and Reigber, C.: First experience with near real-time
water vapor estimation in a German GPS network, J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys., 63, 1295–1304, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1364-6826(00)00248-0, 2001.
Draxler, R. R. and Hess, G. D.: An overview of the HYSPLIT_4
modeling system for trajectories, dispersion, and deposition, Aust.
Meteorol. Mag., 47, 295–308, 1998.
Ehrlich, A., Wendisch, M., Lüpkes, C., Buschmann, M., Bozem, H., Chechin, D., Clemen, H.-C., Dupuy, R., Eppers, O., Hartmann, J., Herber, A., Jäkel, E., Järvinen, E., Jourdan, O., Kästner, U., Kliesch, L.-L., Köllner, F., Mech, M., Mertes, S., Neuber, R., Ruiz-Donoso, E., Schnaiter, M., Schneider, J., Stapf, J., and Zanatta, M.: A comprehensive in situ and remote sensing data set from the Arctic CLoud Observations Using airborne measurements during polar Day (ACLOUD) campaign, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 11, 1853–1881, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-1853-2019, 2019.
European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecast (ECMWF): The ERA-Interim reanalysis dataset, Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S), ECMWF [data set], available at: https://www.ecmwf.int/en/forecasts/datasets/archive-datasets/reanalysis-datasets/era-interim, last access: 24 November 2021.
European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT): IASI Atmospheric Temperature Water Vapour and Surface Skin Temperature – Metop, EUMETSAT [data set], available at: https://navigator.eumetsat.int/product/EO:EUM:DAT:METOP:IASIL2TWT?query=IASI&results=20&s=extended, last access: 26 November 2021, 2009.
Førland, E. J., Isaksen, K., Lutz, J., Hanssen-Bauer, I., Schuler, T. V.,
Dobler, A., Gjelten, H. M., and Vikhamar-Schuler, D.: Measured and Modeled
Historical Precipitation Trends for Svalbard, J. Hydrometeorol., 21,
1279–1296, https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-19-0252.1, 2020.
Francis, D., Mattingly, K. S., Temimi, M., Massom, R., and Heil, P.: On the
crucial role of atmospheric rivers in the two major Weddell Polynya events
in 1973 and 2017 in Antarctica, Sci. Adv., 6, eabc2695,
https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abc2695, 2020.
Ge, M., Gendt, G., Dick, G., Zhang, F. P., and Rothacher, M.: A new data
processing strategy for huge GNSS global networks, J. Geod., 80, 199–203,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-006-0044-x, 2006.
Gelaro, R., McCarty, W., Suárez, M. J., Todling, R., Molod, A., Takacs,
L., Randles, C. A., Darmenov, A., Bosilovich, M. G., Reichle, R., Wargan,
K., Coy, L., Cullather, R., Draper, C., Akella, S., Buchard, V., Conaty, A.,
da Silva, A. M., Gu, W., Kim, G.-K., Koster, R., Lucchesi, R., Merkova, D.,
Nielsen, J. E., Partyka, G., Pawson, S., Putman, W., Rienecker, M.,
Schubert, S. D., Sienkiewicz, M., and Zhao, B.: The Modern-Era Retrospective
Analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA-2), J. Clim., 30,
5419–5454, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0758.1, 2017.
Gendt, G., Dick, G., Reigber, C., Tomassini, M., Liu, Y., and Ramatschi, M.:
Near Real Time GPS Water Vapor Monitoring for Numerical Weather Prediction
in Germany, J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn., 82, 361–370,
https://doi.org/10.2151/jmsj.2004.361, 2004.
Gershunov, A., Shulgina, T., Ralph, F. M., Lavers, D. A., and Rutz, J. J.:
Assessing the climate-scale variability of atmospheric rivers affecting
western North America, Geophys. Res. Lett., 44, 7900–7908,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL074175, 2017.
Gimeno, L., Vázquez, M., Nieto, R., and Trigo, R. M.: Atmospheric
moisture transport: the bridge between ocean evaporation and Arctic ice
melting, Earth Syst. Dynam., 6, 583–589,
https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-6-583-2015, 2015.
Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO): MERRA-2 inst3_3d_asm_Np: 3 d, 3-Hourly, Instantaneous, Pressure-Level, Assimilation, Assimilated Meteorological Fields V5.12.4 (M2I3NPASM), GES DISC [data set], https://doi.org/10.5067/QBZ6MG944HW0, 2015a.
Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO): MERRA-2 tavg1_2d_flx_Nx: 2 d, 1-Hourly, Time-Averaged, Single-Level, Assimilation, Surface Flux Diagnostics V5.12.4 (M2T1NXFLX), GES DISC [data set], https://doi.org/10.5067/7MCPBJ41Y0K6, 2015b.
Gimeno, L., Vázquez, M., Eiras-Barca, J., Sorí, R., Algarra, I., and
Nieto, R.: Atmospheric moisture transport and the decline in Arctic Sea ice,
Wires. Clim. Change, 10, 1–12, https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.588, 2019.
Gimeno-Sotelo, L., Nieto, R., Vázquez, M., and Gimeno, L.: A new pattern
of the moisture transport for precipitation related to the drastic decline
in Arctic sea ice extent, Earth Syst. Dynam., 9, 611–625, 2018.
Gorodetskaya, I. V., Tsukernik, M., Claes, K., Ralph, M. F., Neff, W. D., and
Van Lipzig, N. P. M.: The role of atmospheric rivers in anomalous snow
accumulation in East Antarctica, Geophys. Res. Lett., 41, 6199–6206,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL060881, 2014.
Gorodetskaya, I. V., Silva, T., Schmithüsen, H., and Hirasawa, N.:
Atmospheric River Signatures in Radiosonde Profiles and Reanalyses at the
Dronning Maud Land Coast, East Antarctica, Adv. Atmos. Sci., 37,
455–476, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-020-9221-8, 2020.
Guan, B.: ARcatalog, UCLA [code], available at: https://ucla.box.com/ARcatalog, last access: 26 November 2021, 2017.
Guan, B. and Waliser, D. E.: Detection of atmospheric rivers: Evaluation and
application of an algorithm for global studies, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.,
120, 12514–12535, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JD024257, 2015.
Guan, B., Waliser, D. E., and Ralph, F. M.: An Intercomparison between
Reanalysis and Dropsonde Observations of the Total Water Vapor Transport in
Individual Atmospheric Rivers, J. Hydrometeorol., 19, 321–337,
https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-17-0114.1, 2018.
Hegyi, B. M. and Taylor, P. C.: The Unprecedented 2016–2017 Arctic Sea Ice
Growth Season: The Crucial Role of Atmospheric Rivers and Longwave Fluxes,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 45, 5204–5212, https://doi.org/10.1029/2017GL076717,
2018.
Hersbach, H., Bell, B., Berrisford, P., Biavati, G., Horányi, A., Muñoz Sabater, J., Nicolas, J., Peubey, C., Radu, R., Rozum, I., Schepers, D., Simmons, A., Soci, C., Dee, D., and Thépaut, J.-N.: ERA5 hourly data on single levels from 1979 to present, Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S), Climate Data Store (CDS) [data set], https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.adbb2d47, 2018a.
Hersbach, H., Bell, B., Berrisford, P., Biavati, G., Horányi, A., Muñoz Sabater, J., Nicolas, J., Peubey, C., Radu, R., Rozum, I., Schepers, D., Simmons, A., Soci, C., Dee, D., and Thépaut, J.-N.: ERA5 hourly data on pressure levels from 1979 to present, Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S), Climate Data Store (CDS) [data set], https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.bd0915c6, 2018b.
Hersbach, H., Bell, B., Berrisford, P., Hirahara, S., Horányi, A.,
Muñoz-Sabater, J., Nicolas, J., Peubey, C., Radu, R., Schepers, D.,
Simmons, A., Soci, C., Abdalla, S., Abellan, X., Balsamo, G., Bechtold, P.,
Biavati, G., Bidlot, J., Bonavita, M., De Chiara, G., Dahlgren, P., Dee, D.,
Diamantakis, M., Dragani, R., Flemming, J., Forbes, R., Fuentes, M., Geer,
A., Haimberger, L., Healy, S., Hogan, R. J., Hólm, E., Janisková,
M., Keeley, S., Laloyaux, P., Lopez, P., Lupu, C., Radnoti, G., de Rosnay,
P., Rozum, I., Vamborg, F., Villaume, S., and Thépaut, J.-N.: The ERA5
Global Reanalysis, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 146, 1999–2049,
https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3803, 2020.
Hoskins, B. J., McIntyre, M. E., and Robertson, A. W.: On the use and
significance of isentropic potential vorticity maps, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 111, 877–946, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49711147002, 1985.
Inoue, J., Sato, K., Rinke, A., Cassano, J. J., Fettweis, X., Heinemann, G.,
Matthes, H., Orr, A., Phillips, T., Seefeldt, M., Solomon, A., and Webster,
S.: Clouds and Radiation Processes in Regional Climate Models Evaluated
Using Observations Over the Ice-free Arctic Ocean, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.,
126, e2020JD033904, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020jd033904, 2021.
Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA): JRA-55: Japanese 55-year Reanalysis, Daily 3-Hourly and 6-Hourly Data, Research Data Archive at the National Center for Atmospheric Research [data set], Computational and Information Systems Laboratory, https://doi.org/10.5065/D6HH6H41, 2013.
Johansson, E., Devasthale, A., Tjernström, M., Ekman, A. M. L., and
L'Ecuyer, T.: Response of the lower troposphere to moisture intrusions into
the Arctic, Geophys. Res. Lett., 44, 2527–2536,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL072687, 2017.
Juckes, M.: Quasigeostrophic Dynamics of the Tropopause, J. Atmos. Sci.,
51, 2756–2768, 1994.
Kattsov, V. M., Walsh, J. E., Chapman, W. L., Govorkova, V. A., Pavlova, T.
V., and Zhang, X.: Simulation and Projection of Arctic Freshwater Budget
Components by the IPCC AR4 Global Climate Models, J. Hydrometeorol., 8,
571–589, https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM575.1, 2007.
Kelder, T., Müller, M., Slater, L. J., Marjoribanks, T. I., Wilby, R.
L., Prudhomme, C., Bohlinger, P., Ferranti, L., and Nipen, T.: Using UNSEEN
trends to detect decadal changes in 100-year precipitation extremes, npj
Clim. Atmos. Sci., 3, 47(2020), https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-020-00149-4, 2020.
Knudsen, E. M., Heinold, B., Dahlke, S., Bozem, H., Crewell, S., Gorodetskaya, I. V., Heygster, G., Kunkel, D., Maturilli, M., Mech, M., Viceto, C., Rinke, A., Schmithüsen, H., Ehrlich, A., Macke, A., Lüpkes, C., and Wendisch, M.: Meteorological conditions during the ACLOUD/PASCAL field campaign near Svalbard in early summer 2017, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 17995–18022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-17995-2018, 2018.
Kobayashi, S., Ota, Y., Harada, Y., Ebita, A., Moriya, M., Onoda, H., Onogi,
K., Kamahori, H., Kobayashi, C., Endo, H., Miyaoka, K., and Takahashi, K.:
The JRA-55 Reanalysis: General Specifications and Basic Characteristics, J.
Meteorol. Soc. Jpn, 93, 5–48, https://doi.org/10.2151/jmsj.2015-001,
2015.
Komatsu, K. K., Alexeev, V. A., Repina, I. A. and Tachibana, Y.: Poleward
upgliding Siberian atmospheric rivers over sea ice heat up Arctic upper air,
Sci. Rep., 8, 2872, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-21159-6, 2018.
Langen, P. L., Mottram, R. H., Christensen, J. H., Boberg, F., Rodehacke, C.
B., Stendel, M., van As, D., Ahlstrøm, A. P., Mortensen, J., Rysgaard,
S., Petersen, D., Svendsen, K. H., Adalgeirsdóttir, G., and Cappelen, J.:
Quantifying Energy and Mass Fluxes Controlling Godthåbsfjord Freshwater
Input in a 5 km Simulation (1991–2012), J. Clim., 28, 3694–3713,
https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00271.1, 2015.
Lee, H. J., Kwon, M. O., Yeh, S.-W., Kwon, Y.-O., Park, W., Park, J.-H.,
Kim, Y. H., and Alexander, M. A.: Impact of Poleward Moisture Transport from
the North Pacific on the Acceleration of Sea Ice Loss in the Arctic since
2002, J. Clim., 30, 6757–6769, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0461.1,
2017.
Lohmann, U. and Roeckner, E.: Design and performance of a new cloud
microphysics scheme developed for the ECHAM general circulation model, Clim.
Dynam., 12, 557–572, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00207939, 1996.
Macke, A. and Flores, H.: The Expeditions PS106/1 and 2 of the Research
Vessel POLARSTERN to the Arctic Ocean in 2017, Reports on Polar and Marine Research, Alfred Wegener Institute (AWI), Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany,
https://doi.org/10.2312/BzPM_0719_2018, 2018.
Mattingly, K. S., Mote, T. L., and Fettweis, X.: Atmospheric River Impacts on
Greenland Ice Sheet Surface Mass Balance, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 123,
8538–8560, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JD028714, 2018.
Mattingly, K. S., Mote, T. L., Fettweis, X., van As, D., Van Tricht, K.,
Lhermitte, S., Pettersen, C., and Fausto, R. S.: Strong Summer Atmospheric
Rivers Trigger Greenland Ice Sheet Melt through Spatially Varying Surface
Energy Balance and Cloud Regimes, J. Clim., 33, 6809–6832,
https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0835.1, 2020.
Maturilli, M.: High resolution radiosonde measurements from station
Ny-Ålesund (2017-05), Alfred Wegener Institute – Research Unit Potsdam,
PANGAEA [data set], https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.879820, 2017a.
Maturilli, M.: High resolution radiosonde measurements from station
Ny-Ålesund (2017-06), Alfred Wegener Institute – Research Unit Potsdam,
PANGAEA [data set], https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.879822, 2017b.
Maturilli, M. and Kayser, M.: Arctic warming, moisture increase and
circulation changes observed in the Ny-Ålesund homogenized radiosonde
record, Theor. Appl. Climatol., 130, 1–17,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-016-1864-0, 2017.
McGuire, A. D., Chapin III, F. S., Walsh, J. E., and Wirth, C.: Integrated
Regional Changes in Arctic Climate Feedbacks: Implications for the Global
Climate System, Annu. Rev. Env. Resour., 31, 61–91,
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.energy.31.020105.100253, 2006.
Mori, M., Kosaka, Y., Watanabe, M., Nakamura, H., and Kimoto, M.: A
reconciled estimate of the influence of Arctic sea-ice loss on recent
Eurasian cooling, Nat. Clim. Change, 9, 123–129,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-018-0379-3, 2019.
Nash, D., Waliser, D., Guan, B., Ye, H., and Ralph, F. M.: The Role of
Atmospheric Rivers in Extratropical and Polar Hydroclimate, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 123, 6804–6821, https://doi.org/10.1029/2017JD028130, 2018.
National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR): ARTMIP Tier 1 Catalogues, NCAR [data set], https://doi.org/10.5065/D6R78D1M, 2019.
Neff, W.: Atmospheric rivers melt Greenland, Nat. Clim. Change, 8, 857–858,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-018-0297-4, 2018.
Neff, W., Compo, G. P., Ralph, F. M., and Shupe, M. D.: Continental heat
anomalies and the extreme melting of the Greenland ice surface in 2012 and
1889, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 119, 6520–6536,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JD021470, 2014.
Neggers, R. A. J., Chylik, J., Egerer, U., Griesche, H., Schemann, V.,
Seifert, P., Siebert, H., and Macke, A.: Local and Remote Controls on Arctic
Mixed-Layer Evolution, J. Adv. Model. Earth Sy., 11, 2214–2237,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2019MS001671, 2019.
Nomokonova, T.: Arctic cloud properties derived from ground-based sensor synergy at Ny-Ålesund, PhD thesis, University of Cologne, Germany, available at: https://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/11377/, last access: 3 January 2022, 2020.
Nomokonova, T., Ritter, C., and Ebell, K.: Integrated water vapor of HATPRO
microwave radiometer at AWIPEV, Ny-Ålesund (2017), PANGAEA [data set],
https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.902142, 2019.
Nomokonova, T., Ebell, K., Löhnert, U., Maturilli, M., and Ritter, C.:
The influence of water vapor anomalies on clouds and their radiative effect
at Ny-Ålesund, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 5157–5173,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-5157-2020, 2020.
Omrani, H., Drobinski, P., and Dubos, T.: Investigation of indiscriminate
nudging and predictability in a nested quasi-geostrophic model, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 138, 158–169, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.907, 2012.
Park, H.-S., Lee, S., Son, S.-W., Feldstein, S. B., and Kosaka, Y.: The
Impact of Poleward Moisture and Sensible Heat Flux on Arctic Winter Sea Ice
Variability, J. Clim., 28, 5030–5040,
https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0074.1, 2015.
Rabinowitz, J. L., Lupo, A. R., and Guinan, P. E.: Evaluating Linkages
between Atmospheric Blocking Patterns and Heavy Rainfall Events across the
North-Central Mississippi River Valley for Different ENSO Phases, Adv.
Meteorol., 2018, 1217830, https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/1217830, 2018.
Räisänen, J.: Warmer climate: Less or more snow?, Clim. Dyn., 30,
307–319, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-007-0289-y, 2008.
Ralph, F. M., Neiman, P. J., and Wick, G. A.: Satellite and CALJET Aircraft
Observations of Atmospheric Rivers over the Eastern North Pacific Ocean
during the Winter of 1997/98, Mon. Weather Rev., 132, 1721–1745,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(2004)132<1721:SACAOO>2.0.CO;2, 2004.
Rinke, A., Segger, B., Crewell, S., Maturilli, M., Naakka, T., Nygård,
T., Vihma, T., Alshawaf, F., Dick, G., Wickert, J., and Keller, A. J.: Trends
of vertically integrated water vapor over the Arctic during 1979–2016:
Consistent moistening all over?, J. Clim., 32, 6097–6116,
https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0092.1, 2019.
Roeckner, E., Bäuml, G., Bonaventura, L., Brokopf, R., Esch, M.,
Giorgetta, M., Hagemann, S., Kirchner, I., Kornblueh, L., Manzini, E.,
Rhodin, A., Schlese, U., Schulzweida, U., and Tompkins, A.: The atmospheric
general circulation model ECHAM5 – Part I: Model description, Max Planck Institute for Meteorology Report, Hamburg, Germany, 2003.
Rolph, G., Stein, A., and Stunder, B.: Real-time Environmental Applications
and Display sYstem: READY, Environ. Model. Softw., 95, 210–228,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2017.06.025, 2017.
Rose, T., Crewell, S., Löhnert, U., and Simmer, C.: A network suitable
microwave radiometer for operational monitoring of the cloudy atmosphere,
Atmos. Res., 75, 183–200, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2004.12.005,
2005.
Rutz, J. J., Steenburgh, W. J., and Ralph, F. M.: Climatological
Characteristics of Atmospheric Rivers and Their Inland Penetration over the
Western United States, Mon. Weather Rev., 142, 905–921,
https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-13-00168.1, 2014.
Rutz, J. J., Shields, C. A., Lora, J. M., Payne, A. E., Guan, B., Ullrich,
P., O'Brien, T., Leung, L. R., Ralph, F. M., Wehner, M., Brands, S., Collow,
A., Goldenson, N., Gorodetskaya, I., Griffith, H., Kashinath, K., Kawzenuk,
B., Krishnan, H., Kurlin, V., Lavers, D., Magnusdottir, G., Mahoney, K.,
McClenny, E., Muszynski, G., Nguyen, P. D., Prabhat, M., Qian, Y., Ramos, A.
M., Sarangi, C., Sellars, S., Shulgina, T., Tome, R., Waliser, D., Walton,
D., Wick, G., Wilson, A. M., and Viale, M.: The Atmospheric River Tracking
Method Intercomparison Project (ARTMIP): Quantifying Uncertainties in
Atmospheric River Climatology, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 124, 13777–13802,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD030936, 2019.
Saha, S., Moorthi, S., Wu, X., Wang, J., Nadiga, S., Tripp, P., Behringer, D., Hou, Y., Chuang, H., Iredell, M., Ek, M., Meng, J., Yang, R., Mendez, M. P., van den Dool, H., Zhang, Q., Wang, W., Chen, M., and Becker, E.: NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) 6-hourly Products, Research Data Archive at the National Center for Atmospheric Research [data set], Computational and Information Systems Laboratory, https://doi.org/10.5065/D61C1TXF, 2011.
Saha, S., Moorthi, S., Wu, X., Wang, J., Nadiga, S., Tripp, P., Behringer,
D., Hou, Y.-T., Chuang, H.-Y., Iredell, M., Ek, M., Meng, J., Yang, R.,
Mendez, M. P., Van Den Dool, H., Zhang, Q., Wang, W., Chen, M., and Becker,
E.: The NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2, J. Clim., 27, 2185–2208,
https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00823.1, 2014.
Screen, J. A. and Simmonds, I.: The central role of diminishing sea ice in
recent Arctic temperature amplification, Nature, 464, 1334–1337,
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09051, 2010.
Sedlar, J., Tjernström, M., Rinke, A., Orr, A., Cassano, J., Fettweis,
X., Heinemann, G., Seefeldt, M., Solomon, A., Matthes, H., Phillips, T., and
Webster, S.: Confronting Arctic Troposphere, Clouds, and Surface Energy
Budget Representations in Regional Climate Models With Observations, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 124, 1–29, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD031783,
2020.
Serreze, M. C., Crawford, A. D., and Barrett, A. P.: Extreme daily
precipitation events at Spitsbergen, an Arctic Island, Int. J. Climatol.,
35, 4574–4588, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.4308, 2015.
Shields, C. A., Rutz, J. J., Leung, L.-Y., Ralph, F. M., Wehner, M., Kawzenuk, B., Lora, J. M., McClenny, E., Osborne, T., Payne, A. E., Ullrich, P., Gershunov, A., Goldenson, N., Guan, B., Qian, Y., Ramos, A. M., Sarangi, C., Sellars, S., Gorodetskaya, I., Kashinath, K., Kurlin, V., Mahoney, K., Muszynski, G., Pierce, R., Subramanian, A. C., Tome, R., Waliser, D., Walton, D., Wick, G., Wilson, A., Lavers, D., Prabhat, Collow, A., Krishnan, H., Magnusdottir, G., and Nguyen, P.: Atmospheric River Tracking Method Intercomparison Project (ARTMIP): project goals and experimental design, Geosci. Model Dev., 11, 2455–2474, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-2455-2018, 2018.
Skific, N. and Francis, J. A.: Drivers of projected change in arctic moist
static energy transport, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 118, 2748–2761,
https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50292, 2013.
Sommerfeld, A., Nikiema, O., Rinke, A., Dethloff, K., and Laprise, R.: Arctic
budget study of intermember variability using HIRHAM5 ensemble simulations,
J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 120, 9390–9407,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JD023153, 2015.
Stein, A. F., Draxler, R. R., Rolph, G. D., Stunder, B. J. B., Cohen, M. D.,
and Ngan, F.: NOAA's HYSPLIT Atmospheric Transport and Dispersion Modeling
System, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 96, 2059–2077,
https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00110.1, 2015.
Sundqvist, H., Berge, E., and Kristjánsson, J. E.: Condensation and Cloud
Parameterization Studies with a Mesoscale Numerical Weather Prediction
Model, Mon. Weather Rev., 117, 1641–1657, 1989.
Wang, Z., Walsh, J., Szymborski, S., and Peng, M.: Rapid Arctic Sea Ice Loss
on the Synoptic Time Scale and Related Atmospheric Circulation Anomalies, J.
Clim., 33, 1597–1617, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0528.1, 2020.
Wendisch, M., Macke, A., Ehrlich, A., Lüpkes, C., Mech, M., Chechin, D.,
Dethloff, K., Velasco, C. B., Bozem, H., Brückner, M., Clemen, H.-C.,
Crewell, S., Donth, T., Dupuy, R., Ebell, K., Egerer, U., Engelmann, R.,
Engler, C., Eppers, O., Gehrmann, M., Gong, X., Gottschalk, M., Gourbeyre,
C., Griesche, H., Hartmann, J., Hartmann, M., Heinold, B., Herber, A.,
Herrmann, H., Heygster, G., Hoor, P., Jafariserajehlou, S., Jäkel, E.,
Järvinen, E., Jourdan, O., Kästner, U., Kecorius, S., Knudsen, E.
M., Köllner, F., Kretzschmar, J., Lelli, L., Leroy, D., Maturilli, M.,
Mei, L., Mertes, S., Mioche, G., Neuber, R., Nicolaus, M., Nomokonova, T.,
Notholt, J., Palm, M., Van Pinxteren, M., Quaas, J., Richter, P.,
Ruiz-Donoso, E., Schäfer, M., Schmieder, K., Schnaiter, M., Schneider,
J., Schwarzenböck, A., Seifert, P., Shupe, M. D., Siebert, H., Spreen,
G., Stapf, J., Stratmann, F., Vogl, T., Welti, A., Wex, H., Wiedensohler,
A., Zanatta, M., and Zeppenfeld, S.: The Arctic Cloud Puzzle: Using
ACLOUD/PASCAL Multiplatform Observations to Unravel the Role of Clouds and
Aerosol Particles in Arctic Amplification, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 100,
841–871, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-18-0072.1, 2019.
Wilcox, L. J., Hoskins, B. J., and Shine, K. P.: A global blended tropopause
based on ERA data. Part I: Climatology, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 138,
561–575, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.951, 2012.
Wille, J. D., Favier, V., Dufour, A., Gorodetskaya, I. V, Turner, J.,
Agosta, C., and Codron, F.: West Antarctic surface melt trigered by
atmospheric rivers, Nat. Geosci., 12, 911–916,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-019-0460-1, 2019.
Woods, C. and Caballero, R.: The Role of Moist Intrusions in Winter Arctic
Warming and Sea Ice Decline, J. Clim., 29, 4473–4485,
https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0773.1, 2016.
Woods, C., Caballero, R., and Svensson, G.: Large-scale circulation
associated with moisture intrusions into the Arctic during winter, Geophys.
Res. Lett., 40, 4717–4721, https://doi.org/10.1002/grl.50912, 2013.
Woollings, T., Barriopedro, D., Methven, J., Son, S.-W., Martius, O.,
Harvey, B., Sillmann, J., Lupo, A. R., and Seneviratne, S.: Blocking and its
Response to Climate Change, Curr. Clim. Change Rep., 4, 287–300,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40641-018-0108-z, 2018.
Yang, W. and Magnusdottir, G.: Springtime extreme moisture transport into
the Arctic and its impact on sea ice concentration, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.,
122, 5316–5329, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JD026324, 2017.
Zhang, X., He, J., Zhang, J., Polyakov, I., Gerdes, R., Inoue, J., and Wu,
P.: Enhanced poleward moisture transport and amplified northern
high-latitude wetting trend, Nat. Clim. Change, 3, 47–51,
https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1631, 2013.
Zhou, X., Matthes, H., Rinke, A., Huang, B., Yang, K., and Dethloff, K.:
Simulating Arctic 2-m air temperature and its linear trends using the
HIRHAM5 regional climate model, Atmos. Res., 217, 137–149,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2018.10.022, 2019.
Short summary
We focus on anomalous moisture transport events known as atmospheric rivers (ARs). During ACLOUD and PASCAL, three AR events were identified: 30 May, 6 June, and 9 June 2017. We explore their spatio-temporal evolution and precipitation patterns using measurements, reanalyses, and a model. We show the importance of the following: Atlantic and Siberian pathways during spring–summer in the Arctic, AR-associated heat/moisture increase, precipitation phase transition, and high-resolution datasets.
We focus on anomalous moisture transport events known as atmospheric rivers (ARs). During ACLOUD...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint