Articles | Volume 18, issue 16
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-11709-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-11709-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
17 Aug 2018
Research article |
| 17 Aug 2018
| 17 Aug 2018
Cloud vertical structure over a tropical station obtained using long-term high-resolution radiosonde measurements
Nelli Narendra Reddy
National Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Department of Space,
Gadanki-517112, India
Madineni Venkat Ratnam
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
National Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Department of Space,
Gadanki-517112, India
Ghouse Basha
National Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Department of Space,
Gadanki-517112, India
Varaha Ravikiran
National Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Department of Space,
Gadanki-517112, India
Related authors
No articles found.
Amit Kumar Pandit, Jean-Paul Vernier, Thomas Duncan Fairlie, Kristopher M. Bedka, Melody A. Avery, Harish Gadhavi, Madineni Venkat Ratnam, Sanjeev Dwivedi, Kasimahanthi Amar Jyothi, Frank G. Wienhold, Holger Vömel, Hongyu Liu, Bo Zhang, Buduru Suneel Kumar, Tra Dinh, and Achuthan Jayaraman
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 14209–14238, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-14209-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-14209-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates the formation mechanism of a tropopause cirrus cloud layer observed at extremely cold temperatures over Hyderabad in India during the 2017 Asian summer monsoon using balloon-borne sensors. Ice crystals smaller than 50 µm were found in this optically thin cirrus cloud layer. Combined analysis of back trajectories, satellite, and model data revealed that the formation of this layer was influenced by waves and stratospheric hydration induced by typhoon Hato.
Vadassery Neelamana Santhosh, Bomidi Lakshmi Madhavan, Sivan Thankamani Akhil Raj, Madineni Venkat Ratnam, Jean-Paul Vernier, and Frank Gunther Wienhold
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2861, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2861, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our study examines a lesser-known atmospheric feature, the Asian Tropopause Aerosol Layer, located high above Earth. We investigated how different aerosols, such as sulfates, nitrates, and pollutants, influence heat entering and leaving the atmosphere. The results show that these particles can alter temperature patterns, especially during the Asian summer monsoon. This research improves our understanding of how human activities may affect regional climate.
Hazel Vernier, Neeraj Rastogi, Hongyu Liu, Amit Kumar Pandit, Kris Bedka, Anil Patel, Madineni Venkat Ratnam, Buduru Suneel Kumar, Bo Zhang, Harish Gadhavi, Frank Wienhold, Gwenael Berthet, and Jean-Paul Vernier
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 12675–12694, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12675-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12675-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The chemical composition of the stratospheric aerosols collected aboard high-altitude balloons above the summer Asian monsoon reveals the presence of nitrate/nitrite. Using numerical simulations and satellite observations, we found that pollution as well as lightning could explain some of our observations.
Varaha Ravi Kiran, Madineni Venkat Ratnam, Masatomo Fujiwara, Herman Russchenberg, Frank G. Wienhold, Bomidi Lakshmi Madhavan, Mekalathur Roja Raman, Renju Nandan, Sivan Thankamani Akhil Raj, Alladi Hemanth Kumar, and Saginela Ravindra Babu
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 4709–4734, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-4709-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-4709-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We proposed and conducted the multi-instrumental BACIS (Balloon-borne Aerosol–Cloud Interaction Studies) field campaigns using balloon-borne in situ measurements and ground-based and space-borne remote sensing instruments. Aerosol-cloud interaction is quantified for liquid clouds by segregating aerosol and cloud information in a balloon profile. Overall, the observational approach proposed here demonstrated its capability for understanding the aerosol–cloud interaction process.
Rohit Chakraborty, Arindam Chakraborty, Ghouse Basha, and Madineni Venkat Ratnam
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 11161–11177, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11161-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11161-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, urbanization-induced surface warming has been found to trigger prominent changes in upper-troposphere–lower-stratosphere regions leading to stronger and more frequent lightning extremes over India. Consequently, the implementation of this hypothesis in global climate models reveals that lightning frequency and intensity values across India will rise by ~10–25 % and 15–50 %, respectively, by 2100 at the current urbanization rate, which should be alarming for present policymakers.
Saginela Ravindra Babu, Madineni Venkat Ratnam, Ghouse Basha, Shantanu Kumar Pani, and Neng-Huei Lin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 5533–5547, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5533-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5533-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The present study explores the detailed structure, dynamics, and trace gas variability in the Asian summer monsoon anticyclone (ASMA) in the extreme El Niño of 2015/16. The results find the structure of the ASMA shows strong spatial variability between July and August. A West Pacific mode of the anticyclone is noticed in August. A significant lowering of tropospheric tracers and strong increase in stratospheric tracers are found. The tropopause temperatures also exhibit a warming in the ASMA.
Kizhathur Narasimhan Uma, Siddarth Shankar Das, Madineni Venkat Ratnam, and Kuniyil Viswanathan Suneeth
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 2083–2103, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2083-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2083-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Reanalysis data of vertical wind (w) are widely used by the atmospheric community to determine various calculations of atmospheric circulations, diabatic heating, convection, etc. There are no studies that assess the available reanalysis data with respect to observations. The present study assesses for the first time all the reanalysis w by comparing it with 20 years of radar data from Gadanki and Kototabang and shows that downdrafts and peaks in the updrafts are not produced in the reanalyses.
Ghouse Basha, M. Venkat Ratnam, and Pangaluru Kishore
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 6789–6801, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-6789-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-6789-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This study explores the variability of the Asian summer monsoon anticyclone (ASMA) spatial variability and trends using long-term observational and reanalysis data sets. The decadal variability of the anticyclone is very large at the edges compared with the core region. We propose that the transport process over the Tibetan Plateau and the Indian region is significant in active monsoon, strong monsoon and strong La Niña years. Thus, different phases of the monsoon are important in UTLS analyses.
Ghouse Basha, M. Venkat Ratnam, Pangaluru Kishore, S. Ravindrababu, and Isabella Velicogna
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2019-743, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2019-743, 2019
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
The Asian Summer Monsoon Anticyclone (ASMA) plays an important role in confining the trace gases and aerosols for a longer period. This study explores the variability of tropopause parameters, trace gases and aerosols and its relation with ENSO and QBO in ASMA. Further, the influence of the Indian summer monsoon activity on the ASMA trace gases and aerosols is studied with respect to active and break spells of monsoon, strong and weak monsoon years and strong La Niña, El Niño years.
Rohit Chakraborty, Bijay Kumar Guha, Shamitaksha Talukdar, Madineni Venkat Ratnam, and Animesh Maitra
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 12325–12341, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-12325-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-12325-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The present study investigates the plausible aspects which influence the probability of drought occurrences over three Indian regions during the southwest Asian mid-monsoon period. The investigation reveals that an increasing tendency of dry day frequency (DDF) over urbanized regions in the last few decades has significant association with the abundance of anthropogenic aerosols. Additionally, future projections of DDF indicate a five-fold rise which can be a crucial concern for policy makers.
Rohit Chakraborty, Madineni Venkat Ratnam, and Shaik Ghouse Basha
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 3687–3705, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-3687-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-3687-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Intense convective phenomena are a common climatic feature in the Indian tropical region which occur during the pre-monsoon to post-monsoon seasons (April–October) and are generally accompanied by intense thunderstorms, lightning, and wind gusts with heavy rainfall. Here we show long-term trends of the parameters related to convection and instability obtained from 27 radiosonde stations across six subdivisions over the Indian region during the period 1980–2016.
Sivan Thankamani Akhil Raj, Madineni Venkat Ratnam, Daggumati Narayana Rao, and Boddam Venkata Krishna Murthy
Ann. Geophys., 36, 149–165, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-36-149-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-36-149-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Ozone and water vapor are two potent greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. They influence the temperature structure greatly, particularly in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. We have investigated the long-term trends in these trace gases over the Indian region using long-term data (1993–2015) constructed from multi-satellite observations. A decreasing trend in ozone associated with NOx chemistry in the tropical middle stratosphere and a good correlation between N2O and O3 is found.
Sanjay Kumar Mehta, Madineni Venkat Ratnam, Sukumarapillai V. Sunilkumar, Daggumati Narayana Rao, and Boddapaty V. Krishna Murthy
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 531–549, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-531-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-531-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Study of the diurnal variation of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) height is important for the knowledge of pollutant dispersion, crucial for all living beings. The most difficult part in the study of the diurnal variation is in identification of the stable boundary layer which occurs ~ 50% of times only and mostly during nighttime winter. Surface temperature and clouds directly affect the diurnal pattern of the ABL. Thus, stronger (weaker) diurnal variation found during pre-monsoon (winter).
Madineni Venkat Ratnam, Alladi Hemanth Kumar, and Achuthan Jayaraman
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 5735–5745, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-5735-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-5735-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Launch of INSAT-3D carrying a multi-spectral imager by the ISRO made it possible to obtain profiles of temperature and water vapour over India with higher temporal and vertical resolutions. Initial validation is made with the radiosonde, other satellites and reanalysis data sets. Good correlation between INSAT-3D and in situ measurements is noticed with a few cautions. Temperature data from INSAT-3D are of high quality and can be directly assimilated for better forecasts over India.
M. Venkat Ratnam, S. Ravindra Babu, S. S. Das, G. Basha, B. V. Krishnamurthy, and B. Venkateswararao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 8581–8591, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-8581-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-8581-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The impact of cyclones that occurred over the north Indian Ocean during 2007–2013 on the STE process is quantified using satellite observations. It is shown that cyclones have a significant impact on the tropopause structure, ozone and water vapour budget, and consequentially STE in the UTLS region. The cross-tropopause mass flux from the stratosphere to the troposphere for cyclonic storms is found to be 0.05 ± 0.29 × 10−3 kg m−2, and for very severe cyclonic storms it is 0.5 ± 1.07 × 10−3 kg m−2.
K. K. Shukla, K. Niranjan Kumar, D. V. Phanikumar, R. K. Newsom, V. R. Kotamarthi, T. B. M. J. Ouarda, and M. V. Ratnam
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2016-162, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2016-162, 2016
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
Estimation of Cloud base height was carried out by using various ground based instruments (Doppler Lidar and Ceilometer) and satellite datasets (MODIS) over central Himalayan region for the first time. The present study demonstrates the potential of Doppler Lidar in precise estimation of cloud base height and updraft velocities. More such deployments will be invaluable inputs for regional weather prediction models over complex Himalayan terrains.
Siddarth Shankar Das, Madineni Venkat Ratnam, Kizhathur Narasimhan Uma, Kandula Venkata Subrahmanyam, Imran Asatar Girach, Amit Kumar Patra, Sundaresan Aneesh, Kuniyil Viswanathan Suneeth, Karanam Kishore Kumar, Amit Parashuram Kesarkar, Sivarajan Sijikumar, and Geetha Ramkumar
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 4837–4847, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-4837-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-4837-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The present study examines the role of tropical cyclones in the enhancement of tropospheric ozone. The most significant and new observation reported is the increase in the upper-tropospheric ozone by 20–50 ppbv, which has extended down to the middle and lower troposphere. The descent rate of enhanced ozone layer during the passage of tropical cyclone is 0.8–1 km day−1. Enhancement of surface ozone concentration by ~ 10 ppbv in the daytime and 10–15 ppbv at night-time is observed.
Sanjeev Dwivedi, M. S. Narayanan, M. Venkat Ratnam, and D. Narayana Rao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 4497–4509, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-4497-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-4497-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Monsoon inversion (MI) over the Arabian Sea is one of the important characteristics associated with the monsoon activity over Indian region. The initiation and dissipation times of MI, their percentage of occurrence, strength etc., has been examined. We suggest MI could also be included as one of the semi-permanent features of southwest monsoon.
A. K. Pandit, H. S. Gadhavi, M. Venkat Ratnam, K. Raghunath, S. V. B. Rao, and A. Jayaraman
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 13833–13848, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-13833-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-13833-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
We present the longest (1998 to 2013) cirrus cloud climatology over a tropical station using a ground-based lidar. A statistically significant increase is found in the altitude of sub-visible cirrus clouds. Also a systematic shift from thin to sub-visible cirrus cloud type is observed. Ground-based lidar is found to detect more number of sub-visible cirrus clouds than space-based lidar. These findings have implications to global warming and stratosphere-troposphere water vapour exchange studies.
S. Ravindra Babu, M. Venkat Ratnam, G. Basha, B. V. Krishnamurthy, and B. Venkateswararao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 10239–10249, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-10239-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-10239-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
The effect of tropical cyclones (TCs) that occurred over the north Indian Ocean in the last decade on the tropical tropopause parameters has been quantified for the first time. The vertical structure of temperature and tropopause parameters within the 5º radius away from the cyclone centre during TC period is also presented. The water vapour variability in the vicinity of TC is investigated.
It is demonstrated that the TCs can significantly affect the tropical tropopause and thus STE processes.
M. Pramitha, M. Venkat Ratnam, A. Taori, B. V. Krishna Murthy, D. Pallamraju, and S. Vijaya Bhaskar Rao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 2709–2721, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-2709-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-2709-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Sources and propagation characteristics of high-frequency gravity waves observed in the mesosphere using airglow emissions from Gadanki and Hyderabad, India, are investigated using reverse ray tracing. Wave amplitudes are also traced back, including both radiative and diffusive damping. Interestingly, large vertical shears in the horizontal wind are noticed near the ray terminal points (at 10-12km altitude) and are thus identified to be the source for generating the observed gravity waves.
H. S. Gadhavi, K. Renuka, V. Ravi Kiran, A. Jayaraman, A. Stohl, Z. Klimont, and G. Beig
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 1447–1461, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-1447-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-1447-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Emission inventories are a key component of simulating past, present and future climate. In this article we have evaluated three black carbon emission inventories for emissions of India using observations made from a strategic location. Annual average simulated black carbon concentration is found to be 35% to 60% lower than observed concentration because of underestimation of emissions of southern India in the inventories.
K. Ramesh, A. P. Kesarkar, J. Bhate, M. Venkat Ratnam, and A. Jayaraman
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 8, 369–384, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-369-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-369-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
The study of atmospheric convection is important for the understanding of evolution of diurnal cycles of rainfall. High-resolution observations of vertical profiles of temperature and relative humidity are very useful for understanding the behaviour of these convections. Microwave radiometers are becoming useful tools for it. In this paper, we propose a new method to retrieve these profiles based on adaptive neuro-fuzzy interface systems and find that this method has a better skill of retrieval.
M. Venkat Ratnam, N. Pravallika, S. Ravindra Babu, G. Basha, M. Pramitha, and B. V. Krishna Murthy
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 7, 1011–1025, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-1011-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-1011-2014, 2014
M. N. Sai Suman, H. Gadhavi, V. Ravi Kiran, A. Jayaraman, and S. V. B. Rao
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 7, 907–917, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-907-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-907-2014, 2014
P. Kishore, M. Venkat Ratnam, I. Velicogna, V. Sivakumar, H. Bencherif, B. R. Clemesha, D. M. Simonich, P. P. Batista, and G. Beig
Ann. Geophys., 32, 301–317, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-32-301-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-32-301-2014, 2014
D. V. Phanikumar, K. Niranjan Kumar, K. K. Shukla, H. Joshi, M. Venkat Ratnam, M. Naja, and K. Reddy
Ann. Geophys., 32, 175–180, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-32-175-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-32-175-2014, 2014
Related subject area
Subject: Clouds and Precipitation | Research Activity: Field Measurements | Altitude Range: Troposphere | Science Focus: Physics (physical properties and processes)
Characterization of fog microphysics and their relationships with visibility at a mountain site in China
Hunting for gravity waves in non-orographic winter storms using 3+ years of regional surface air pressure network and radar observations
Theoretical framework for measuring cloud effective supersaturation fluctuations with an advanced optical system
Investigating the role of typhoon-induced waves and stratospheric hydration in the formation of tropopause cirrus clouds observed during the 2017 Asian monsoon
How does riming influence the observed spatial variability of ice water in mixed-phase clouds?
Microphysical view of the development and ice production of mid-latitude stratiform clouds with embedded convection during an extratropical cyclone
Measurement Report: A survey of meteorological and cloud properties during ACTIVATE's postfrontal flights and their suitability for Lagrangian case studies
Clouds and precipitation in the initial phase of marine cold-air outbreaks as observed by airborne remote sensing
Quantified ice-nucleating ability of AgI-containing seeding particles in natural clouds
Estimating the snow density using collocated Parsivel and Micro-Rain Radar measurements: a preliminary study from ICE-POP 2017/2018
Technical note: On the ice microphysics of isolated thunderstorms and non-thunderstorms in southern China – a radar polarimetric perspective
Distinctive aerosol–cloud–precipitation interactions in marine boundary layer clouds from the ACE-ENA and SOCRATES aircraft field campaigns
Drivers of droplet formation in east Mediterranean orographic clouds
Observability of moisture transport divergence in Arctic atmospheric rivers by dropsondes
Elucidating the boundary layer turbulence dissipation rate using high-resolution measurements from a radar wind profiler network over the Tibetan Plateau
Environmental controls on isolated convection during the Amazonian wet season
Isotopic composition of convective rainfall in the inland tropics of Brazil
Measurement report: Cloud and environmental properties associated with aggregated shallow marine cumulus and cumulus congestus
Vertical Profiles of Liquid Water Content in fog layers during the SOFOG3D experiment
Lifecycle of updrafts and mass flux in isolated deep convection over the Amazon rainforest: insights from cell tracking
Thermodynamic and cloud evolution in a cold-air outbreak during HALO-(AC)3: quasi-Lagrangian observations compared to the ERA5 and CARRA reanalyses
Powering aircraft with 100 % sustainable aviation fuel reduces ice crystals in contrails
Supercooled liquid water clouds observed over Dome C, Antarctica: temperature sensitivity and cloud radiative forcing
Role of thermodynamic and turbulence processes on the fog life cycle during SOFOG3D experiment
Characterizing the near-global cloud vertical structures over land using high-resolution radiosonde measurements
Differences in microphysical properties of cirrus at high and mid-latitudes
Sub-cloud rain evaporation in the North Atlantic winter trade winds derived by pairing isotopic data with a bin-resolved microphysical model
Overview and statistical analysis of boundary layer clouds and precipitation over the western North Atlantic Ocean
A set of methods to evaluate the below-cloud evaporation effect on local precipitation isotopic composition: a case study for Xi'an, China
Earth-system-model evaluation of cloud and precipitation occurrence for supercooled and warm clouds over the Southern Ocean's Macquarie Island
Pollution slightly enhances atmospheric cooling by low-level clouds in tropical West Africa
Investigating an indirect aviation effect on mid-latitude cirrus clouds – linking lidar-derived optical properties to in situ measurements
Investigating the vertical extent and short-wave radiative effects of the ice phase in Arctic summertime low-level clouds
Microphysical and thermodynamic phase analyses of Arctic low-level clouds measured above the sea ice and the open ocean in spring and summer
Aircraft observations of gravity wave activity and turbulence in the tropical tropopause layer: prevalence, influence on cirrus clouds, and comparison with global storm-resolving models
Influence of air mass origin on microphysical properties of low-level clouds in a subarctic environment
Sensitivity of convectively driven tropical tropopause cirrus properties to ice habits in high-resolution simulations
Upper-tropospheric slightly ice-subsaturated regions: frequency of occurrence and statistical evidence for the appearance of contrail cirrus
Examination of aerosol indirect effects during cirrus cloud evolution
In situ microphysics observations of intense pyroconvection from a large wildfire
Conditions favorable for secondary ice production in Arctic mixed-phase clouds
Interaction between cloud–radiation, atmospheric dynamics and thermodynamics based on observational data from GoAmazon 2014/15 and a cloud-resolving model
Snowfall in Northern Finland derives mostly from ice clouds
Observation of secondary ice production in clouds at low temperatures
In situ and satellite-based estimates of cloud properties and aerosol–cloud interactions over the southeast Atlantic Ocean
Ice fog observed at cirrus temperatures at Dome C, Antarctic Plateau
Life cycle of stratocumulus clouds over 1 year at the coast of the Atacama Desert
Experimental study on the evolution of droplet size distribution during the fog life cycle
Significant continental source of ice-nucleating particles at the tip of Chile's southernmost Patagonia region
Retrieving ice-nucleating particle concentration and ice multiplication factors using active remote sensing validated by in situ observations
Quan Liu, Xiaojing Shen, Junying Sun, Yangmei Zhang, Bing Qi, Qianli Ma, Lujie Han, Honghui Xu, Xinyao Hu, Jiayuan Lu, Shuo Liu, Aoyuan Yu, Linlin Liang, Qian Gao, Hong Wang, Huizheng Che, and Xiaoye Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 3253–3267, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3253-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3253-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Through simultaneous measurements of aerosol particles and fog droplets, the evolution of droplets size distribution during the eight observed fog events was investigated. The results showed that the concentration and size distribution of pre-fog aerosol had significant impacts on fog microphysical characteristics. The extinction of fog interstitial particles played an important role in visibility degradation for light fogs, especially in polluted regions.
Luke R. Allen, Sandra E. Yuter, Matthew A. Miller, and Laura M. Tomkins
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 1765–1790, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1765-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1765-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Atmospheric gravity waves (GWs) are air oscillations in which buoyancy is the restoring force, and they may enhance precipitation under certain conditions. We used 3+ seasons of pressure data to identify GWs with wavelengths ≤ 170 km in the Toronto and New York metropolitan areas in the context of snow storms. We found only six GW events during snow storms, suggesting that GWs on those scales are uncommon at the two locations during snow storms and, thus, do not often enhance snowfall.
Ye Kuang, Jiangchuan Tao, Hanbing Xu, Li Liu, Pengfei Liu, Wanyun Xu, Weiqi Xu, Yele Sun, and Chunsheng Zhao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 1163–1174, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1163-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1163-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents a novel optical framework to measure supersaturation, a fundamental parameter in cloud physics, by observing the scattering properties of particles that have or have not grown into cloud droplets. The technique offers high-resolution measurements, capturing essential fluctuations in supersaturation necessary for understanding cloud physics.
Amit Kumar Pandit, Jean-Paul Vernier, Thomas Duncan Fairlie, Kristopher M. Bedka, Melody A. Avery, Harish Gadhavi, Madineni Venkat Ratnam, Sanjeev Dwivedi, Kasimahanthi Amar Jyothi, Frank G. Wienhold, Holger Vömel, Hongyu Liu, Bo Zhang, Buduru Suneel Kumar, Tra Dinh, and Achuthan Jayaraman
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 14209–14238, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-14209-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-14209-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates the formation mechanism of a tropopause cirrus cloud layer observed at extremely cold temperatures over Hyderabad in India during the 2017 Asian summer monsoon using balloon-borne sensors. Ice crystals smaller than 50 µm were found in this optically thin cirrus cloud layer. Combined analysis of back trajectories, satellite, and model data revealed that the formation of this layer was influenced by waves and stratospheric hydration induced by typhoon Hato.
Nina Maherndl, Manuel Moser, Imke Schirmacher, Aaron Bansemer, Johannes Lucke, Christiane Voigt, and Maximilian Maahn
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 13935–13960, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13935-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13935-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
It is not clear why ice crystals in clouds occur in clusters. Here, airborne measurements of clouds in mid-latitudes and high latitudes are used to study the spatial variability of ice. Further, we investigate the influence of riming, which occurs when liquid droplets freeze onto ice crystals. We find that riming enhances the occurrence of ice clusters. In the Arctic, riming leads to ice clustering at spatial scales of 3–5 km. This is due to updrafts and not higher amounts of liquid water.
Yuanmou Du, Dantong Liu, Delong Zhao, Mengyu Huang, Ping Tian, Dian Wen, Wei Xiao, Wei Zhou, Hui He, Baiwan Pan, Dongfei Zuo, Xiange Liu, Yingying Jing, Rong Zhang, Jiujiang Sheng, Fei Wang, Yu Huang, Yunbo Chen, and Deping Ding
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 13429–13444, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13429-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13429-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
By conducting in situ measurements, we investigated ice production processes in stratiform clouds with embedded convection over the North China Plain. The results show that the ice number concentration is strongly related to the distance to the cloud top, and the level with a larger distance to the cloud top has more graupel falling from upper levels, which promotes collision and coalescence between graupel and droplets and enhances secondary ice production.
Florian Tornow, Ann Fridlind, George Tselioudis, Brian Cairns, Andrew Ackerman, Seethala Chellappan, David Painemal, Paquita Zuidema, Christiane Voigt, Simon Kirschler, and Armin Sorooshian
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3462, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3462, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The recent NASA campaign ACTIVATE (Aerosol Cloud meTeorology Interactions oVer the western ATlantic Experiment) performed 71 tandem flights in mid-latitude marine cold-air outbreaks off the US Eastern seaboard. We provide meteorological and cloud transition stage context, allowing us to identify days that are most suitable for Lagrangian modeling and analysis. Surveyed cloud properties show signatures of cloud microphysical processes, such as cloud-top entrainment and secondary ice formation.
Imke Schirmacher, Sabrina Schnitt, Marcus Klingebiel, Nina Maherndl, Benjamin Kirbus, André Ehrlich, Mario Mech, and Susanne Crewell
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 12823–12842, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12823-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12823-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
During Arctic marine cold-air outbreaks, cold air flows from sea ice over open water. Roll circulations evolve, forming cloud streets. We investigate the initial circulation and cloud development using high-resolution airborne measurements. We compute the distance an air mass traveled over water (fetch) from back trajectories. Cloud streets form at 15 km fetch, cloud cover strongly increases at around 20 km, and precipitation forms at around 30 km.
Anna J. Miller, Christopher Fuchs, Fabiola Ramelli, Huiying Zhang, Nadja Omanovic, Robert Spirig, Claudia Marcolli, Zamin A. Kanji, Ulrike Lohmann, and Jan Henneberger
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3230, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3230, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We analyzed the ability of silver iodide particles to form ice crystals in naturally-occurring liquid clouds below 0 °C and found that ≈0.1−1 % of particles nucleate ice, with a negative dependence on temperature. Contextualizing our results with previous laboratory studies, we help to bridge the gap between laboratory and field experiments and which also helps to inform future cloud seeding projects.
Wei-Yu Chang, Yung-Chuan Yang, Chen-Yu Hung, Kwonil Kim, Gyuwon Lee, and Ali Tokay
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 11955–11979, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11955-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11955-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Snow density is derived by collocated Micro-Rain Radar (MRR) and Parsivel (ICE-POP 2017/2018). We apply the particle size distribution from Parsivel to a T-matrix backscattering simulation and compare with ZHH from MRR. Bulk density and bulk water fractions are derived from comparing simulated and calculated ZHH. Retrieved bulk density is validated by comparing snowfall rate measurements from Pluvio and the Precipitation Imaging Package. Snowfall rate consistency confirms the algorithm.
Chuanhong Zhao, Yijun Zhang, Dong Zheng, Haoran Li, Sai Du, Xueyan Peng, Xiantong Liu, Pengguo Zhao, Jiafeng Zheng, and Juan Shi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 11637–11651, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11637-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11637-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding lightning activity is important for meteorology and atmospheric chemistry. However, the occurrence of lightning activity in clouds is uncertain. In this study, we quantified the difference between isolated thunderstorms and non-thunderstorms. We showed that lightning activity was more likely to occur with more graupel volume and/or riming. A deeper ZDR column was associated with lightning occurrence. This information can aid in a deeper understanding of lighting physics.
Xiaojian Zheng, Xiquan Dong, Baike Xi, Timothy Logan, and Yuan Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 10323–10347, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10323-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10323-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The marine boundary layer aerosol–cloud interactions (ACIs) are examined using in situ measurements from two aircraft campaigns over the eastern North Atlantic (ACE-ENA) and Southern Ocean (SOCRATES). The SOCRATES clouds have more and smaller cloud droplets. The ACE-ENA clouds exhibit stronger drizzle formation and growth. Results found distinctive aerosol–cloud interactions for two campaigns. The drizzle processes significantly alter sub-cloud aerosol budgets and impact the ACI assessments.
Romanos Foskinis, Ghislain Motos, Maria I. Gini, Olga Zografou, Kunfeng Gao, Stergios Vratolis, Konstantinos Granakis, Ville Vakkari, Kalliopi Violaki, Andreas Aktypis, Christos Kaltsonoudis, Zongbo Shi, Mika Komppula, Spyros N. Pandis, Konstantinos Eleftheriadis, Alexandros Papayannis, and Athanasios Nenes
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 9827–9842, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9827-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9827-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Analysis of modeling, in situ, and remote sensing measurements reveals the microphysical state of orographic clouds and their response to aerosol from the boundary layer and free troposphere. We show that cloud response to aerosol is robust, as predicted supersaturation and cloud droplet number levels agree with those determined from in-cloud measurements. The ability to determine if clouds are velocity- or aerosol-limited allows for novel model constraints and remote sensing products.
Henning Dorff, Heike Konow, Vera Schemann, and Felix Ament
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8771–8795, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8771-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8771-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Using synthetic dropsondes, we assess how discrete spatial sampling and temporal evolution during flight affect the accuracy of real sonde-based moisture transport divergence in Arctic atmospheric rivers (ARs). Non-instantaneous sampling during temporal AR evolution deteriorates the divergence values more than spatial undersampling. Moisture advection is the dominating factor but most sensitive to the sampling method. We suggest a minimum of seven sondes to resolve the AR divergence components.
Deli Meng, Jianping Guo, Xiaoran Guo, Yinjun Wang, Ning Li, Yuping Sun, Zhen Zhang, Na Tang, Haoran Li, Fan Zhang, Bing Tong, Hui Xu, and Tianmeng Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8703–8720, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8703-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8703-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The turbulence in the planetary boundary layer (PBL) over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) remains unclear. Here we elucidate the vertical profile of and temporal variation in the turbulence dissipation rate in the PBL over the TP based on a radar wind profiler (RWP) network. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the turbulence profile over the whole TP has been revealed. Furthermore, the possible mechanisms of clouds acting on the PBL turbulence structure are investigated.
Leandro Alex Moreira Viscardi, Giuseppe Torri, David K. Adams, and Henrique de Melo Jorge Barbosa
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8529–8548, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8529-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8529-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We evaluate the environmental conditions that control how clouds grow from fair weather cumulus into severe thunderstorms during the Amazonian wet season. Days with rain clouds begin with more moisture in the air and have strong convergence in the afternoon, while precipitation intensity increases with large-scale vertical velocity, moisture, and low-level wind. These results contribute to understanding how clouds form over the rainforest.
Vinicius dos Santos, Didier Gastmans, Ana María Durán-Quesada, Ricardo Sánchez-Murillo, Kazimierz Rozanski, Oliver Kracht, and Demilson de Assis Quintão
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 6663–6680, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6663-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6663-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present novel findings on convective rainfall, summer rain in the late afternoon, by coupling water stable isotopes, micro rain radar, and satellite data. We found the tallest clouds in the afternoon and much smaller clouds at night, resulting in differences in day–night ratios in water stable isotopes. We sampled rain and meteorological variables every 5–10 min, allowing us to evaluate the development of convective rainfall, contributing to knowledge of rainfall related to extreme events.
Ewan Crosbie, Luke D. Ziemba, Michael A. Shook, Taylor Shingler, Johnathan W. Hair, Armin Sorooshian, Richard A. Ferrare, Brian Cairns, Yonghoon Choi, Joshua DiGangi, Glenn S. Diskin, Chris Hostetler, Simon Kirschler, Richard H. Moore, David Painemal, Claire Robinson, Shane T. Seaman, K. Lee Thornhill, Christiane Voigt, and Edward Winstead
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 6123–6152, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6123-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6123-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Marine clouds are found to clump together in regions or lines, readily discernible from satellite images of the ocean. While clustering is also a feature of deep storm clouds, we focus on smaller cloud systems associated with fair weather and brief localized showers. Two aircraft sampled the region around these shallow systems: one incorporated measurements taken within, adjacent to, and below the clouds, while the other provided a survey from above using remote sensing techniques.
Théophane Costabloz, Frédéric Burnet, Christine Lac, Pauline Martinet, Julien Delanoë, Susana Jorquera, and Maroua Fathalli
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1344, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1344, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study documents vertical profiles of liquid water content (LWC) in fogs from in situ measurements collected during the SOFOG3D field campaign in 2019–2020. The analysis of 140 vertical profiles reveals a reverse trend in LWC, maximum values at ground decreasing with height, during stable conditions in optically thin fogs, evolving towards quasi-adiabatic characteristics when fogs become thick. These results offer new perspectives for better constraining fog numerical simulations.
Siddhant Gupta, Dié Wang, Scott E. Giangrande, Thiago S. Biscaro, and Michael P. Jensen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 4487–4510, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4487-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4487-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We examine the lifecycle of isolated deep convective clouds (DCCs) in the Amazon rainforest. Weather radar echoes from the DCCs are tracked to evaluate their lifecycle. The DCC size and intensity increase, reach a peak, and then decrease over the DCC lifetime. Vertical profiles of air motion and mass transport from different seasons are examined to understand the transport of energy and momentum within DCC cores and to address the deficiencies in simulating DCCs using weather and climate models.
Benjamin Kirbus, Imke Schirmacher, Marcus Klingebiel, Michael Schäfer, André Ehrlich, Nils Slättberg, Johannes Lucke, Manuel Moser, Hanno Müller, and Manfred Wendisch
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3883–3904, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3883-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3883-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A research aircraft is used to track the changes in air temperature, moisture, and cloud properties for air that moves from cold Arctic sea ice onto warmer oceanic waters. The measurements are compared to two reanalysis models named ERA5 and CARRA. The biggest differences are found for air temperature over the sea ice and moisture over the ocean. CARRA data are more accurate than ERA5 because they better simulate the sea ice, the transition from sea ice to open ocean, and the forming clouds.
Raphael Satoru Märkl, Christiane Voigt, Daniel Sauer, Rebecca Katharina Dischl, Stefan Kaufmann, Theresa Harlaß, Valerian Hahn, Anke Roiger, Cornelius Weiß-Rehm, Ulrike Burkhardt, Ulrich Schumann, Andreas Marsing, Monika Scheibe, Andreas Dörnbrack, Charles Renard, Maxime Gauthier, Peter Swann, Paul Madden, Darren Luff, Reetu Sallinen, Tobias Schripp, and Patrick Le Clercq
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3813–3837, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3813-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3813-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In situ measurements of contrails from a large passenger aircraft burning 100 % sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) show a 56 % reduction in contrail ice crystal numbers compared to conventional Jet A-1. Results from a climate model initialized with the observations suggest a significant decrease in radiative forcing from contrails. Our study confirms that future increased use of low aromatic SAF can reduce the climate impact from aviation.
Philippe Ricaud, Massimo Del Guasta, Angelo Lupi, Romain Roehrig, Eric Bazile, Pierre Durand, Jean-Luc Attié, Alessia Nicosia, and Paolo Grigioni
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 613–630, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-613-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-613-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Clouds affect the Earth's climate in ways that depend on the type of cloud (solid/liquid water). From observations at Concordia (Antarctica), we show that in supercooled liquid water (liquid water for temperatures below 0°C) clouds (SLWCs), temperature and SLWC radiative forcing increase with liquid water (up to 70 W m−2). We extrapolated that the maximum SLWC radiative forcing can reach 40 W m−2 over the Antarctic Peninsula, highlighting the importance of SLWCs for global climate prediction.
Cheikh Dione, Martial Haeffelin, Frédéric Burnet, Christine Lac, Guylaine Canut, Julien Delanoë, Jean-Charles Dupont, Susana Jorquera, Pauline Martinet, Jean-François Ribaud, and Felipe Toledo
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 15711–15731, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15711-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15711-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This paper documents the role of thermodynamics and turbulence in the fog life cycle over southwestern France. It is based on a unique dataset collected during the SOFOG3D field campaign in autumn and winter 2019–2020. The paper gives a threshold for turbulence driving the different phases of the fog life cycle and the role of advection in the night-time dissipation of fog. The results can be operationalised to nowcast fog and improve short-range forecasts in numerical weather prediction models.
Hui Xu, Jianping Guo, Bing Tong, Jinqiang Zhang, Tianmeng Chen, Xiaoran Guo, Jian Zhang, and Wenqing Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 15011–15038, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15011-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15011-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The radiative effect of cloud remains one of the largest uncertain factors in climate change, largely due to the lack of cloud vertical structure (CVS) observations. The study presents the first near-global CVS climatology using high-vertical-resolution soundings. Single-layer cloud mainly occurs over arid regions. As the number of cloud layers increases, clouds tend to have lower bases and thinner layer thicknesses. The occurrence frequency of cloud exhibits a pronounced seasonal diurnal cycle.
Elena De La Torre Castro, Tina Jurkat-Witschas, Armin Afchine, Volker Grewe, Valerian Hahn, Simon Kirschler, Martina Krämer, Johannes Lucke, Nicole Spelten, Heini Wernli, Martin Zöger, and Christiane Voigt
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 13167–13189, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13167-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13167-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we show the differences in the microphysical properties between high-latitude (HL) cirrus and mid-latitude (ML) cirrus over the Arctic, North Atlantic, and central Europe during summer. The in situ measurements are combined with backward trajectories to investigate the influence of the region on cloud formation. We show that HL cirrus are characterized by a lower concentration of larger ice crystals when compared to ML cirrus.
Mampi Sarkar, Adriana Bailey, Peter Blossey, Simon P. de Szoeke, David Noone, Estefanía Quiñones Meléndez, Mason D. Leandro, and Patrick Y. Chuang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 12671–12690, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12671-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12671-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We study rain evaporation characteristics below shallow cumulus clouds over the North Atlantic Ocean by pairing isotope observations with a microphysical model. The modeled fraction of rain mass that evaporates below the cloud strongly depends on the raindrop size and distribution width. Moreover, the higher the rain mass fraction evaporated, the greater the change in deuterium excess. In this way, rain evaporation could be studied independently using only isotope and microphysical observations.
Simon Kirschler, Christiane Voigt, Bruce E. Anderson, Gao Chen, Ewan C. Crosbie, Richard A. Ferrare, Valerian Hahn, Johnathan W. Hair, Stefan Kaufmann, Richard H. Moore, David Painemal, Claire E. Robinson, Kevin J. Sanchez, Amy J. Scarino, Taylor J. Shingler, Michael A. Shook, Kenneth L. Thornhill, Edward L. Winstead, Luke D. Ziemba, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 10731–10750, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10731-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10731-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this study we present an overview of liquid and mixed-phase clouds and precipitation in the marine boundary layer over the western North Atlantic Ocean. We compare microphysical properties of pure liquid clouds to mixed-phase clouds and show that the initiation of the ice phase in mixed-phase clouds promotes precipitation. The observational data presented in this study are well suited for investigating the processes that give rise to liquid and mixed-phase clouds, ice, and precipitation.
Meng Xing, Weiguo Liu, Jing Hu, and Zheng Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9123–9136, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9123-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9123-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The below-cloud evaporation effect (BCE) on precipitation largely impacts the final isotopic composition. However, determining the BCE effect remains poorly constrained. Our work used a ΔdΔδ diagram to differentiate the below-cloud processes. Moreover, by comparing two different computing methods, we considered that both methods are suitable for evaluation the BCE, except for snowfall events. Overall, our work compiled a set of effective methods to evaluate the BCE effect.
McKenna W. Stanford, Ann M. Fridlind, Israel Silber, Andrew S. Ackerman, Greg Cesana, Johannes Mülmenstädt, Alain Protat, Simon Alexander, and Adrian McDonald
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9037–9069, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9037-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9037-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Clouds play an important role in the Earth’s climate system as they modulate the amount of radiation that either reaches the surface or is reflected back to space. This study demonstrates an approach to robustly evaluate surface-based observations against a large-scale model. We find that the large-scale model precipitates too infrequently relative to observations, contrary to literature documentation suggesting otherwise based on satellite measurements.
Valerian Hahn, Ralf Meerkötter, Christiane Voigt, Sonja Gisinger, Daniel Sauer, Valéry Catoire, Volker Dreiling, Hugh Coe, Cyrille Flamant, Stefan Kaufmann, Jonas Kleine, Peter Knippertz, Manuel Moser, Philip Rosenberg, Hans Schlager, Alfons Schwarzenboeck, and Jonathan Taylor
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8515–8530, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8515-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8515-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
During the DACCIWA campaign in West Africa, we found a 35 % increase in the cloud droplet concentration that formed in a polluted compared with a less polluted environment and a decrease of 17 % in effective droplet diameter. Radiative transfer simulations, based on the measured cloud properties, reveal that these low-level polluted clouds radiate only 2.6 % more energy back to space, compared with a less polluted cloud. The corresponding additional decrease in temperature is rather small.
Silke Groß, Tina Jurkat-Witschas, Qiang Li, Martin Wirth, Benedikt Urbanek, Martina Krämer, Ralf Weigel, and Christiane Voigt
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8369–8381, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8369-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8369-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Aviation-emitted aerosol can have an impact on cirrus clouds. We present optical and microphysical properties of mid-latitude cirrus clouds which were formed under the influence of aviation-emitted aerosol or which were formed under rather pristine conditions. We find that cirrus clouds affected by aviation-emitted aerosol show larger values of the particle linear depolarization ratio, larger mean effective ice particle diameters and decreased ice particle number concentrations.
Emma Järvinen, Franziska Nehlert, Guanglang Xu, Fritz Waitz, Guillaume Mioche, Regis Dupuy, Olivier Jourdan, and Martin Schnaiter
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 7611–7633, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7611-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7611-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The Arctic is warming faster than other regions. Arctic low-level mixed-phase clouds, where ice crystals and liquid droplets co-exist, are thought to have an important role in Arctic warming. Here we show airborne measurements of vertical distribution of liquid and ice particles and their relative abundance. Ice particles are found in relative warm clouds, which can be explained by multiplication of existing ice crystals. However, the role of ice particles in redistributing sun light is minimal.
Manuel Moser, Christiane Voigt, Tina Jurkat-Witschas, Valerian Hahn, Guillaume Mioche, Olivier Jourdan, Régis Dupuy, Christophe Gourbeyre, Alfons Schwarzenboeck, Johannes Lucke, Yvonne Boose, Mario Mech, Stephan Borrmann, André Ehrlich, Andreas Herber, Christof Lüpkes, and Manfred Wendisch
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 7257–7280, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7257-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7257-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides a comprehensive microphysical and thermodynamic phase analysis of low-level clouds in the northern Fram Strait, above the sea ice and the open ocean, during spring and summer. Using airborne in situ cloud data, we show that the properties of Arctic low-level clouds vary significantly with seasonal meteorological situations and surface conditions. The observations presented in this study can help one to assess the role of clouds in the Arctic climate system.
Rachel Atlas and Christopher S. Bretherton
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 4009–4030, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4009-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4009-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The tropical tropopause layer exists between the troposphere and the stratosphere in the tropics. Very thin cirrus clouds cool Earth's surface by scrubbing water vapor (a greenhouse gas) out of air parcels as they ascend through the tropical tropopause layer on their way to the stratosphere. We show observational evidence from aircraft that small-scale (< 100 km) gravity waves and turbulence increase the amount of ice in these clouds and may allow them to remove more water vapor from the air.
Konstantinos Matthaios Doulgeris, Ville Vakkari, Ewan J. O'Connor, Veli-Matti Kerminen, Heikki Lihavainen, and David Brus
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 2483–2498, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2483-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2483-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated how different long-range-transported air masses can affect the microphysical properties of low-level clouds in a clean subarctic environment. A connection was revealed. Higher values of cloud droplet number concentrations were related to continental air masses, whereas the lowest values of number concentrations were related to marine air masses. These were characterized by larger cloud droplets. Clouds in all regions were sensitive to increases in cloud number concentration.
Fayçal Lamraoui, Martina Krämer, Armin Afchine, Adam B. Sokol, Sergey Khaykin, Apoorva Pandey, and Zhiming Kuang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 2393–2419, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2393-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2393-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Cirrus in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) can play a key role in vertical transport. We investigate the role of different cloud regimes and the associated ice habits in regulating the properties of the TTL. We use high-resolution numerical experiments at the scales of large-eddy simulations (LESs) and aircraft measurements. We found that LES-scale parameterizations that predict ice shape are crucial for an accurate representation of TTL cirrus and thus the associated (de)hydration process.
Yun Li, Christoph Mahnke, Susanne Rohs, Ulrich Bundke, Nicole Spelten, Georgios Dekoutsidis, Silke Groß, Christiane Voigt, Ulrich Schumann, Andreas Petzold, and Martina Krämer
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 2251–2271, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2251-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2251-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The radiative effect of aviation-induced cirrus is closely related to ambient conditions and its microphysical properties. Our study investigated the occurrence of contrail and natural cirrus measured above central Europe in spring 2014. It finds that contrail cirrus appears frequently in the pressure range 200 to 245 hPa and occurs more often in slightly ice-subsaturated environments than expected. Avoiding slightly ice-subsaturated regions by aviation might help mitigate contrail cirrus.
Flor Vanessa Maciel, Minghui Diao, and Ryan Patnaude
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 1103–1129, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1103-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1103-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol indirect effects on cirrus clouds are investigated during cirrus evolution, using global-scale in situ observations and climate model simulations. As cirrus evolves, the mechanisms to form ice crystals also change with time. Both small and large aerosols are found to affect cirrus properties. Southern Hemisphere cirrus appears to be more sensitive to additional aerosols. The climate model underestimates ice crystal mass, likely due to biases of relative humidity and vertical velocity.
David E. Kingsmill, Jeffrey R. French, and Neil P. Lareau
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 1–21, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study uses in situ aircraft measurements to characterize the size and shape distributions of 10 µm to 6 mm diameter particles observed during six penetrations of wildfire-induced pyroconvection. Particles sampled in one penetration of a smoke plume are most likely pyrometeors composed of ash. The other penetrations are through pyrocumulus clouds where particle composition is most likely a combination of hydrometeors (ice particles) and pyrometeors (ash).
Julie Thérèse Pasquier, Jan Henneberger, Fabiola Ramelli, Annika Lauber, Robert Oscar David, Jörg Wieder, Tim Carlsen, Rosa Gierens, Marion Maturilli, and Ulrike Lohmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 15579–15601, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15579-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15579-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
It is important to understand how ice crystals and cloud droplets form in clouds, as their concentrations and sizes determine the exact radiative properties of the clouds. Normally, ice crystals form from aerosols, but we found evidence for the formation of additional ice crystals from the original ones over a large temperature range within Arctic clouds. In particular, additional ice crystals were formed during collisions of several ice crystals or during the freezing of large cloud droplets.
Layrson J. M. Gonçalves, Simone M. S. C. Coelho, Paulo Y. Kubota, and Dayana C. Souza
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 15509–15526, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15509-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15509-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This research aims to study the environmental conditions that are favorable and not favorable to cloud formation, in this case specifically for the Amazon region. The results found in this research will be used to improve the representation of clouds in numerical models that are used in weather and climate prediction. In general, it is expected that with better knowledge regarding the cloud–radiation interaction, it is possible to make a better forecast of weather and climate.
Claudia Mignani, Lukas Zimmermann, Rigel Kivi, Alexis Berne, and Franz Conen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 13551–13568, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13551-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13551-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We determined over the course of 8 winter months the phase of clouds associated with snowfall in Northern Finland using radiosondes and observations of ice particle habits at ground level. We found that precipitating clouds were extending from near ground to at least 2.7 km altitude and approximately three-quarters of them were likely glaciated. Possible moisture sources and ice formation processes are discussed.
Alexei Korolev, Paul J. DeMott, Ivan Heckman, Mengistu Wolde, Earle Williams, David J. Smalley, and Michael F. Donovan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 13103–13113, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13103-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13103-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The present study provides the first explicit in situ observation of secondary ice production at temperatures as low as −27 °C, which is well outside the range of the Hallett–Mossop process (−3 to −8 °C). This observation expands our knowledge of the temperature range of initiation of secondary ice in clouds. The obtained results are intended to stimulate laboratory and theoretical studies to develop physically based parameterizations for weather prediction and climate models.
Siddhant Gupta, Greg M. McFarquhar, Joseph R. O'Brien, Michael R. Poellot, David J. Delene, Ian Chang, Lan Gao, Feng Xu, and Jens Redemann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 12923–12943, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12923-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12923-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The ability of NASA’s Terra and Aqua satellites to retrieve cloud properties and estimate the changes in cloud properties due to aerosol–cloud interactions (ACI) was examined. There was good agreement between satellite retrievals and in situ measurements over the southeast Atlantic Ocean. This suggests that, combined with information on aerosol properties, satellite retrievals of cloud properties can be used to study ACI over larger domains and longer timescales in the absence of in situ data.
Étienne Vignon, Lea Raillard, Christophe Genthon, Massimo Del Guasta, Andrew J. Heymsfield, Jean-Baptiste Madeleine, and Alexis Berne
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 12857–12872, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12857-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12857-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The near-surface atmosphere over the Antarctic Plateau is cold and pristine and resembles to a certain extent the high troposphere where cirrus clouds form. In this study, we use innovative humidity measurements at Concordia Station to study the formation of ice fogs at temperatures <−40°C. We provide observational evidence that ice fogs can form through the homogeneous freezing of solution aerosols, a common nucleation pathway for cirrus clouds.
Jan H. Schween, Camilo del Rio, Juan-Luis García, Pablo Osses, Sarah Westbrook, and Ulrich Löhnert
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 12241–12267, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12241-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12241-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Marine stratocumulus clouds of the eastern Pacific play an essential role in the Earth's climate. These clouds form the major source of water to parts of the extreme dry Atacama Desert at the northern coast of Chile. For the first time these clouds are observed over a whole year with three remote sensing instruments. It is shown how these clouds are influenced by the land–sea wind system and the distribution of ocean temperatures.
Marie Mazoyer, Frédéric Burnet, and Cyrielle Denjean
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 11305–11321, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11305-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11305-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The evolution of the droplet size distribution during the fog life cycle remains poorly understood and progress is required to reduce the uncertainty of fog forecasts. To gain insights into the physical processes driving the microphysics, intensive field campaigns were conducted during three winters at the SIRTA site in the south of Paris. This study analyzed the variations in fog microphysical properties and their potential interactions at the different evolutionary stages of the fog events.
Xianda Gong, Martin Radenz, Heike Wex, Patric Seifert, Farnoush Ataei, Silvia Henning, Holger Baars, Boris Barja, Albert Ansmann, and Frank Stratmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 10505–10525, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10505-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10505-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The sources of ice-nucleating particles (INPs) are poorly understood in the Southern Hemisphere (SH). We studied INPs in the boundary layer in the southern Patagonia region. No seasonal cycle of INP concentrations was observed. The majority of INPs are biogenic particles, likely from local continental sources. The INP concentrations are higher when strong precipitation occurs. While previous studies focused on marine INP sources in SH, we point out the importance of continental sources of INPs.
Jörg Wieder, Nikola Ihn, Claudia Mignani, Moritz Haarig, Johannes Bühl, Patric Seifert, Ronny Engelmann, Fabiola Ramelli, Zamin A. Kanji, Ulrike Lohmann, and Jan Henneberger
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 9767–9797, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9767-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9767-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Ice formation and its evolution in mixed-phase clouds are still uncertain. We evaluate the lidar retrieval of ice-nucleating particle concentration in dust-dominated and continental air masses over the Swiss Alps with in situ observations. A calibration factor to improve the retrieval from continental air masses is proposed. Ice multiplication factors are obtained with a new method utilizing remote sensing. Our results indicate that secondary ice production occurs at temperatures down to −30 °C.
Cited articles
Basha, G. and Ratnam, M. V.: Identification of atmospheric boundary layer height
over a tropical station using high-resolution radiosonde refractivity
profiles: Comparison with GPS radio occultation measurements, J. Geophys.
Res.-Atmos., 114, D16101, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD011692, 2009.
Basha, G. and Ratnam, M. V.: Moisture variability over Indian monsoon regions
observed using high resolution radiosonde measurements, Atmos. Res., 132–133, 35–45, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2013.04.004, 2013.
Behrangi, A., Kubar, T., and Lambrigtsen, B.: Phenomenological Description of
Tropical Clouds Using CloudSat Cloud Classification, Mon. Weather Rev., 140,
3235–3249, https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-11-00247.1, 2012.
Biondi, R., Randel, W. J., Ho, S.-P., Neubert, T., and Syndergaard, S.:
Thermal structure of intense convective clouds derived from GPS radio
occultations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 5309–5318,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-5309-2012, 2012.
Biondi, R., Ho, S.-P., Randel, W. J., Neubert, T., and Syndergaard,
S.: Tropical cyclone cloud-top height and vertical temperature structure
detection using GPS radio occultation measurements, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.,
118, 5247–5259, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50448, 2013.
Biondi, R., Steiner, A. K., Kirchengast, G., Brenot, H., and Rieckh, T.:
Supporting the detection and monitoring of volcanic clouds: A promising new
application of Global Navigation Satellite System radio occultation, Adv. Sp.
Res., 60, 2707–2722, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2017.06.039, 2017.
Blaskovic, M., Davies, R., and Snider, J. B.: Diurnal Variation of Marine
Stratocumulus over San Nicolas Island during July 1987, Mon. Weather Rev.,
119, 1469–1478, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1991)119<1469:DVOMSO>2.0.CO;2, 1990.
Cesana, G. and Chepfer, H.: How well do climate models simulate cloud
vertical structure? A comparison between CALIPSO-GOCCP satellite observations
and CMIP5 models, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L20803, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GL053153,
2012.
Chahine, M. T., Pagano, T. S., Aumann, H. H., Atlas, R., Barnet, C.,
Blaisdell, J., Chen, L., Divakarla, M., Fetzer, E. J., Goldberg, M., Gautier,
C., Granger, S., Hannon, S., Irion, F. W., Kakar, R., Kalnay, E.,
Lambrigtsen, B. H., Lee, S.-Y., Le Marshall, J., McMillan, W. W., McMillin,
L., Olsen, E. T., Revercomb, H., Rosenkranz, P., Smith, W. L., Staelin, D.,
Strow, L. L., Susskind, J., Tobin, D., Wolf, W., and Zhou, L.: AIRS:
Improving Weather Forecasting and Providing New Data on Greenhouse Gases, B.
Am. Meteorol. Soc., 87, 911–926, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-87-7-911, 2006.
Chen, C. and Cotton, W. R.: The Physics of the Marine Stratocumulus-Capped
Mixed Layer, J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 2951–2977,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1987)044<2951:TPOTMS>2.0.CO;2, 1987.
Chernykh, I. V and Eskridge, R. E.: Determination of Cloud Amount and Level
from Radiosonde Soundings, J. Appl. Meteorol., 35, 1362–1369,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1996)035<1362:DOCAAL>2.0.CO;2, 1996.
Costa-Surós, M., Calbó, J., González, J. A., and Long, C. N.: Comparing
the cloud vertical structure derived from several methods based on radiosonde
profiles and ground-based remote sensing measurements, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 7,
2757–2773, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-2757-2014, 2014.
Crewell, S., Bloemink, H., Feijt, A., García, S. G., Jolivet, D.,
Krasnov, O. A., Van Lammeren, A., Löhnert, U., Van Meijgaard, E.,
Meywerk, J., Quante, M., Pfeilsticker, K., Schmidt, S., Scholl, T., Simmer,
C., Schröder, M., Trautmann, T., Venema, V., Wendisch, M., and
Willén, U.: THE BALTEX BRIDGE CAMPAIGN: An Integrated Approach for a
Better Understanding of Clouds, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 85, 1565–1584,
https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-85-10-1565, 2004.
Das, S. K., Golhait, R. B., and Uma, K. N.: Clouds vertical properties over the
Northern Hemisphere monsoon regions from CloudSat-CALIPSO measurements,
Atmos. Res., 183, 73–83, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2016.08.011,
2017.
de Beek, R., Vountas, M., Rozanov, V. V., Richter, A., and Burrows, J. P.:
The ring effect in the cloudy atmosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 721–724,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2000GL012240, 2001.
Eresmaa, N., Karppinen, A., Joffre, S. M., Räsänen, J., and Talvitie, H.:
Mixing height determination by ceilometer, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 1485–1493,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-1485-2006, 2006.
Fujiwara, M., Sugidachi, T., Arai, T., Shimizu, K., Hayashi, M., Noma, Y.,
Kawagita, H., Sagara, K., Nakagawa, T., Okumura, S., Inai, Y., Shibata, T.,
Iwasaki, S., and Shimizu, A.: Development of a cloud particle sensor for
radiosonde sounding, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 5911–5931,
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-5911-2016, 2016.
Gambheer, A. V and Bhat, G. S.: Diurnal variation of deep cloud systems over
the Indian region using INSAT-1B pixel data, Meteorol. Atmos. Phys., 78,
215–225, https://doi.org/10.1007/s703-001-8175-4, 2001.
George, G., Sarangi, C., Tripathi, S. N., Chakraborty, T., and Turner, A.:
Vertical structure and radiative forcing of monsoon clouds over Kanpur during
the 2016 INCOMPASS field campaign, J. Geophys. Res., 123,
2152–2174, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JD027759, 2018.
Goloub, P., Deuze, J. L., Herman, M., and Fouquart, Y.: Analysis of the
POLDER polarization measurements performed over cloud covers, IEEE T.
Geosci. Remote, 32, 78–88, https://doi.org/10.1109/36.285191, 1994.
Hahn, C. J., Rossow, W. B., and Warren, S. G.: ISCCP Cloud Properties
Associated with Standard Cloud Types Identified in Individual Surface
Observations, J. Climate, 14, 11–28,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2001)014<0011:ICPAWS>2.0.CO;2, 2001.
Heintzenberg, J. and Charlson, R. J. (Eds.): Clouds in the perturbed climate
system: their relationship to energy balance, atmospheric dynamics and
precipitation, MIT Press, Cambridge, UK, 2009.
Huang, Y.: On the Longwave Climate Feedbacks, J. Climate, 26, 7603–7610,
https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00025.1, 2013.
Jiang, X., Waliser, D. E., Li, J.-L., and Woods, C.: Vertical cloud structures of
the boreal summer intraseasonal variability based on CloudSat observations
and ERA-interim reanalysis, Clim. Dynam., 36, 2219–2232,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-010-0853-8, 2011.
Joiner, J. and Bhartia, P. K.: The determination of cloud pressures from
rotational Raman scattering in satellite backscatter ultraviolet
measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 23019–23026, https://doi.org/10.1029/95JD02675,
1995.
Kim, S.-W., Chung, E.-S., Yoon, S.-C., Sohn, B.-J., and Sugimoto, N.:
Intercomparisons of cloud-top and cloud-base heights from ground-based Lidar,
CloudSat and CALIPSO measurements, Int. J. Remote Sens., 32, 1179–1197,
https://doi.org/10.1080/01431160903527439, 2011.
Lazarus, S. M., Krueger, S. K., and Mace, G. G.: A Cloud Climatology of the
Southern Great Plains ARM CART, J. Climate, 13, 1762–1775,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<1762:ACCOTS>2.0.CO;2, 2000.
King, N. J. and Vaughan, G.: Using passive remote sensing to retrieve the
vertical variation of cloud droplet size in marine stratocumulus: An
assessment of information content and the potential for improved retrievals
from hyperspectral measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 117, D15206,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JD017896, 2012.
Knibbe, W. J. J., De Haan, J. F., Hovenier, J. W., Stam, D. M., Koelemeijer,
R. B. A., and Stammes, P.: Deriving terrestrial cloud top pressure from
photopolarimetry of reflected light, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Ra., 64, 173–199,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-4073(98)00135-6, 2000.
L'Ecuyer, T. S. and Jiang, J. H.: Touring the atmosphere aboard the A-Train,
Phys. Today, 63, 36–41, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3463626, 2010.
Li, J., Yi, Y., Minnis, P., Huang, J., Yan, H., Ma, Y., Wang, W., and Kirk Ayers, J.: Radiative effect differences between multi-layered and
single-layer clouds derived from CERES, CALIPSO, and CloudSat data, J. Quant.
Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf., 112, 361–375,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2010.10.006, 2011.
Li, Y., Liu, X., and Chen, B.: Cloud type climatology over the Tibetan
Plateau: A comparison of ISCCP and MODIS/TERRA measurements with surface
observations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L17716, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL026890,
2006.
Li, Z., Barker, H. W., and Moreau, L.: The variable effect of clouds on
atmospheric absorption of solar radiation, Nature, 376, 486–490, 1995.
Li, Z., Cribb, M. C., Chang, F.-L., Trishchenko, A., and Luo, Y.: Natural
variability and sampling errors in solar radiation measurements for model
validation over the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Southern Great Plains
region, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 110, D15S19, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JD005028,
2005.
Luo, Y., Zhang, R., and Wang, H.: Comparing Occurrences and Vertical
Structures of Hydrometeors between Eastern China and the Indian Monsoon
Region Using CloudSat/CALIPSO Data, J. Climate, 22, 1052–1064,
https://doi.org/10.1175/2008JCLI2606.1, 2009.
Merlin, G., Riedi, J., Labonnote, L. C., Cornet, C., Davis, A. B., Dubuisson,
P., Desmons, M., Ferlay, N., and Parol, F.: Cloud information content
analysis of multi-angular measurements in the oxygen A-band: application to
3MI and MSPI, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 4977–4995,
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-4977-2016, 2016.
Minnis, P., Yi, Y., Huang, J., and Ayers, K.: Relationships between
radiosonde and RUC-2 meteorological conditions and cloud occurrence
determined from ARM data, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 110, D23204,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006005, 2005.
Moroney, C., Davies, R., and Muller, J.-P.: Operational retrieval of
cloud-top heights using MISR data, IEEE T. Geosci. Remote, 40, 1532–1540,
https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2002.801150, 2002.
Nath, D., Venkat Ratnam, M., Jagannadha Rao, V. V. M., Krishna Murthy, B. V,
and Vijaya Bhaskara Rao, S.: Gravity wave characteristics observed over a
tropical station using high-resolution GPS radiosonde soundings, J. Geophys.
Res.-Atmos., 114, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD011056, 2009.
Naud, C. M. and Chen, Y.-H.: Assessment of ISCCP cloudiness over the Tibetan
Plateau using CloudSat-CALIPSO, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 115, D06117,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD013053, 2010.
Naud, C. M., Muller, J.-P., and Clothiaux, E. E.: Comparison between active
sensor and radiosonde cloud boundaries over the ARM Southern Great Plains
site, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 108, D10203, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD002887,
2003.
Noh, Y.-J., Seaman, C. J., Vonder Haar, T. H., Hudak, D. R., and Rodriguez,
P.: Comparisons and analyses of aircraft and satellite observations for
wintertime mixed-phase clouds, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 116, D18207,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD015420, 2011.
Nowak, D., Ruffieux, D., Agnew, J. L., and Vuilleumier, L.: Detection of Fog
and Low Cloud Boundaries with Ground-Based Remote Sensing Systems, J. Atmos.
Ocean. Technol., 25, 1357–1368, https://doi.org/10.1175/2007JTECHA950.1, 2008.
Pallamraju, D., Gurubaran, S., and Venkat Ratnam, M.: A brief overview on the
special issue on CAWSES-India Phase II program, J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phy., 121, 141–144, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2014.10.013, 2014.
Platnick, S., King, M. D., Ackerman, S., Menzel, W. P., Baum, B., Riedi, J.
C., and Frey, R.: The MODIS cloud products: Algorithms and examples from
Terra, IEEE T. Geosci. Remote, 41, 459–473, https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2002.808301,
2003.
Poore, K. D., Wang, J., and Rossow, W. B.: Cloud Layer Thicknesses from a
Combination of Surface and Upper-Air Observations, J. Climate, 8, 550–568,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1995)008<0550:CLTFAC>2.0.CO;2, 1995.
Qian, Y., Long, C. N., Wang, H., Comstock, J. M., McFarlane, S. A., and Xie,
S.: Evaluation of cloud fraction and its radiative effect simulated by IPCC
AR4 global models against ARM surface observations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12,
1785–1810, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-1785-2012, 2012.
Ramanathan, V., Cess, R. D., Harrison, E. F., Minnis, P., Barkstorm,
B. R., Ahmad, E., and Hartmann, D.: Cloud-Radiative Forcing
and Climate: Results from the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment, Science, 243, 57–63, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.243.4887.57, 1989.
Randall, D. A.: Cloud parameterization for climate modeling: Status and
prospects, Atmos. Res., 23, 345–361,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-8095(89)90025-2, 1989.
Rao, T. N., Kirankumar, N. V. P., Radhakrishna, B., Rao, D. N., and Nakamura, K.:
Classification of Tropical Precipitating Systems Using Wind Profiler
Spectral Moments, Part II: Statistical Characteristics of Rainfall Systems
and Sensitivity Analysis, J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol., 25, 898–908,
https://doi.org/10.1175/2007JTECHA1032.1, 2008a.
Ravi Kiran, V., Rajeevan, M., Gadhavi, H., Rao, S. V. B., and Jayaraman, A.: Role
of vertical structure of cloud microphysical properties on cloud radiative
forcing over the Asian monsoon region, Clim. Dynam., 45, 3331–3345,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-015-2542-0, 2015.
Reddy, N. N. and Rao, K. G.: Contrasting variations in the surface layer
structure between the convective and non-convective periods in the summer
monsoon season for Bangalore location during PRWONAM, J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phy., 167, 156–168, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2017.11.017, 2017,
2018.
Rind, D. and Rossow, W. B.: The Effects of Physical Processes on the Hadley
Circulation, J. Atmos. Sci., 41, 479–507,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1984)041<0479:TEOPPO>2.0.CO;2, 1984.
Roja Raman, M., Jagannadha Rao, V. V. M., Venkat Ratnam, M., Rajeevan, M.,
Rao, S. V. B., Narayana Rao, D., and Prabhakara Rao, N.: Characteristics of the
Tropical Easterly Jet: Long-term trends and their features during active and
break monsoon phases, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 114, D19105, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD012065, 2009.
Rossow, W. B. and Lacis, A. A.: Global, Seasonal Cloud Variations from Satellite
Radiance Measurements, Part II: Cloud Properties and Radiative Effects, J.
Climate, 3, 1204–1253, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1990)003<1204:GSCVFS>2.0.CO;2,
1990.
Rossow, W. B. and Schiffer, R. A.: ISCCP Cloud Data Products, B. Am.
Meteorol. Soc., 72, 2–20, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1991)072<0002:ICDP>2.0.CO;2, 1991.
Rossow, W. B. and Garder, L. C.: Validation of ISCCP Cloud Detections, J.
Climate, 6, 2370–2393, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1993)006<2370:VOICD>2.0.CO;2, 1993.
Rossow, W. B. and Zhang, Y.: Evaluation of a Statistical Model of Cloud Vertical
Structure Using Combined CloudSat and CALIPSO Cloud Layer Profiles, J.
Climate, 23, 6641–6653, https://doi.org/10.1175/2010JCLI3734.1, 2010.
Rossow, W. B., Zhang, Y., and Wang, J.: A Statistical Model of Cloud Vertical
Structure Based on Reconciling Cloud Layer Amounts Inferred from Satellites
and Radiosonde Humidity Profiles, J. Climate, 18, 3587–3605,
https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI3479.1, 2005.
Sassen, K. and Wang, Z.: Classifying clouds around the globe with the CloudSat
radar: 1 year of results, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L04805, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL032591, 2008.
Seiz, G., Tjemkes, S., and Watts, P.: Multiview Cloud-Top Height and Wind
Retrieval with Photogrammetric Methods: Application to Meteosat-8 HRV
Observations, J. Appl. Meteorol. Clim., 46, 1182–1195,
https://doi.org/10.1175/JAM2532.1, 2007.
Slingo, A. and Slingo, J. M.: The response of a general circulation model to
cloud longwave radiative forcing, I: Introduction and initial experiments,
Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 114, 1027–1062, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49711448209, 1988.
Slingo, J. M. and Slingo, A.: The response of a general circulation model to
cloud longwave radiative forcing, II: Further studies, Q. J. Roy. Meteor.
Soc., 117, 333–364, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49711749805, 1991.
Stephens, G. L.: Cloud Feedbacks in the Climate System: A Critical Review, J.
Climate, 18, 237–273, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-3243.1, 2005.
Stephens, G. L., Vane, D. G., Tanelli, S., Im, E., Durden, S., Rokey, M.,
Reinke, D., Partain, P., Mace, G. G., Austin, R., L'Ecuyer, T., Haynes, J.,
Lebsock, M., Suzuki, K., Waliser, D., Wu, D., Kay, J., Gettelman, A., Wang,
Z., and Marchand, R.: CloudSat mission: Performance and early science after the
first year of operation, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 113, D00A18, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD009982, 2008.
Subrahmanyam, K. V. and Kumar, K. K.: CloudSat observations of multi layered
clouds across the globe, Clim. Dynam., 49, 327–341, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-016-3345-7, 2017.
Uma, K. N., Kumar, K. K., Shankar Das, S., Rao, T. N., and Satyanarayana, T. M.: On
the Vertical Distribution of Mean Vertical Velocities in the Convective
Regions during the Wet and Dry Spells of the Monsoon over Gadanki, Mon.
Weather Rev., 140, 398–410, https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-11-00044.1, 2012.
Venkat Ratnam, M., Narendra Babu, A., Jagannadha Rao, V. V. M., Vijaya Bhaskar
Rao, S., and Narayana Rao, D.: MST radar and radiosonde observations of
inertia-gravity wave climatology over tropical stations: Source mechanisms,
J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 113, D07109, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD008986, 2008.
Venkat Ratnam, M., Pravallika, N., Ravindra Babu, S., Basha, G., Pramitha,
M., and Krishna Murthy, B. V.: Assessment of GPS radiosonde descent data,
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 7, 1011–1025, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-1011-2014,
2014a.
Venkat Ratnam, M., Sunilkumar, S. V, Parameswaran, K., Krishna Murthy, B. V,
Ramkumar, G., Rajeev, K., Basha, G., Ravindra Babu, S., Muhsin, M., Kumar
Mishra, M., Hemanth Kumar, A., Akhil Raj, S. T., Pramitha, M.: Tropical
tropopause dynamics (TTD) campaigns over Indian region: An overview, J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phy., 121,
229–239, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2014.05.007, 2014b.
Wang, F., Xin, X., Wang, Z., Cheng, Y., Zhang, J., and Yang, S.: Evaluation of
cloud vertical structure simulated by recent BCC_AGCM
versions through comparison with CALIPSO-GOCCP data, Adv. Atmos. Sci., 31,
721–733, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-013-3099-7, 2014b.
Wang, J. and Rossow, W. B.: Effects of Cloud Vertical Structure on Atmospheric
Circulation in the GISS GCM, J. Climate, 11, 3010–3029,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1998)011<3010:EOCVSO>2.0.CO;2, 1998.
Wang, J. and Rossow, W. B.: Determination of Cloud Vertical Structure from
Upper-Air Observations, J. Appl. Meteorol., 34, 2243–2258,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1995)034<2243:DOCVSF>2.0.CO;2, 1995.
Wang, J., Rossow, W. B., Uttal, T., and Rozendaal, M.: Variability of Cloud
Vertical Structure during ASTEX Observed from a Combination of Rawinsonde,
Radar, Ceilometer, and Satellite, Mon. Weather Rev., 127, 2484–2502,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1999)127<2484:VOCVSD>2.0.CO;2, 1999.
Wang, J., Rossow, W. B., and Zhang, Y.: Cloud Vertical Structure and Its
Variations from a 20-Yr Global Rawinsonde Dataset, J. Climate, 13,
3041–3056,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<3041:CVSAIV>2.0.CO;2, 2000.
Warren, S. G., Hahn, C. J., London, J., Chervin, R. M., and Jenne,
R. L.: Global distribution of total cloud cover and cloud type
amounts over the ocean, NCAR Technical Note, NCAR/TN-317+STR, 212 pp., https://doi.org/10.5065/D6QC01D1, 1988.
Wielicki, B. A., Harrison, E. F., Cess, R. D., King, M. D., and Randall, D. A.: Mission
to Planet Earth: Role of Clouds and Radiation in Climate, B. Am. Meteorol.
Soc., 76, 2125–2153, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1995)076<2125:MTPERO>2.0.CO;2,
1995.
Winker, D. M., Hunt, W. H., and McGill, M. J.: Initial performance assessment of
CALIOP, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L19803, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL030135, 2007.
Wu, D. L., Ackerman, S. A., Davies, R., Diner, D. J., Garay, M. J., Kahn, B.
H., Maddux, B. C., Moroney, C. M., Stephens, G. L., Veefkind, J. P., and
Vaughan, M. A.: Vertical distributions and relationships of cloud occurrence
frequency as observed by MISR, AIRS, MODIS, OMI, CALIPSO, and CloudSat,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L09821, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GL037464, 2009.
Xi, B., Dong, X., Minnis, P., and Khaiyer, M. M.: A 10 year climatology of cloud
fraction and vertical distribution derived from both surface and GOES
observations over the DOE ARM SPG site, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 115, D12124, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD012800, 2010.
Yang, Q., Fu, Q., and Hu, Y.: Radiative impacts of clouds in the tropical
tropopause layer, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 115, D00H12, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD012393, 2010.
Zhang, J., Chen, H., Li, Z., Fan, X., Peng, L., Yu, Y., and Cribb, M.: Analysis
of cloud layer structure in Shouxian, China using RS92 radiosonde aided by
95 GHz cloud radar, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 115, D00K30, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD014030, 2010.
Zuidema, P.: Convective Clouds over the Bay of Bengal, Mon. Weather Rev., 131,
780–798, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(2003)131<0780:CCOTBO>2.0.CO;2, 2003.
Short summary
Cloud vertical structure affects large-scale atmosphere circulation by altering gradients in total diabatic heating and cooling and latent heat release. Detailed cloud vertical structure in all seasons, including diurnal variation over the Indian region, is made for the first time. The detected cloud layers are verified with independent observations using cloud particle sensor sonde. Heating and cooling in the troposphere and lower stratosphere due to these cloud layers are also investigated.
Cloud vertical structure affects large-scale atmosphere circulation by altering gradients in...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint