Articles | Volume 26, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-1093-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-1093-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
22 Jan 2026
Research article |
| 22 Jan 2026
| 22 Jan 2026
Driving factors of oxalic acid and enhanced role of gas-phase oxidation under cleaner conditions: insights from 2007–2018 field observations in the Pearl River Delta
Yunfeng He
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Environmental Technology, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Institute for Atmospheric and Earth Systems Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Environmental Technology, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Guangzhou 510640, China
Quanfu He
Thrust of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511453, China
Yuqing Zhang
School of Environment and Safety Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
Metin Baykara
Climate and Marine Sciences Department, Eurasia Institute of Earth Sciences, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
Duohong Chen
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Air Quality Monitoring, Guangdong Environmental Monitoring Center, Guangzhou 510308, China
Tao Zhang
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Air Quality Monitoring, Guangdong Environmental Monitoring Center, Guangzhou 510308, China
Kong Yang
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Environmental Technology, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Junqi Wang
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Environmental Technology, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Qian Cheng
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Environmental Technology, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Hao Jiang
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Environmental Technology, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Zirui Wang
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Environmental Technology, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Ping Liu
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Environmental Technology, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Xinming Wang
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Environmental Technology, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Guangzhou 510640, China
Michael Boy
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Institute for Atmospheric and Earth Systems Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
Atmospheric Modelling Centre – Lahti, Lahti University Campus, Lahti 15140, Finland
School of Engineering Sciences, Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology, Lappeenranta 53850, Finland
Related authors
Yunfeng He, Xiang Ding, Quanfu He, Yuqing Zhang, Duohong Chen, Tao Zhang, Kong Yang, Junqi Wang, Qian Cheng, Hao Jiang, Zirui Wang, Ping Liu, Xinming Wang, and Michael Boy
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 13729–13745, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-13729-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-13729-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study presented field measurements of PM2.5 and its chemical composition at a regional background site in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) from 2007 to 2020. As air quality improved, secondary species became more dominant. The changes in chemical composition led to the reductions in aerosol acidity, liquid water content and light extinction coefficient. Our results help to improve understanding of the secondary species formation under decreasing anthropogenic emissions.
Yuwei Wang, Aristeidis Voliotis, Emily Matthews, Rongrong Wu, Milan Roska, Max Gerrit Adam, René Dubus, Lukas Kesper, Franz Rohrer, Robert Wegener, Benjamin Winter, Kelvin H. Bates, Quanfu He, Thorsten Hohaus, Achim Grasse, Ralf Tillmann, Andreas Wahner, Hui Wang, Christian Wesolek, Sergej Wedel, Yizhen Wu, Sören R. Zorn, Manjula Canagaratna, Douglas Worsnop, Felipe Lopez-Hilfiker, Georgios I. Gkatzelis, Hugh Coe, and Thomas J. Bannan
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-6102, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-6102, 2026
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Measurement Techniques (AMT).
Short summary
Short summary
This work developed voltage scanning based calibration approach for a multi-reagent chemical ionization mass spectrometry. This approach improves sensitivity determination for gas-phase compounds. It does not require a calibrant for the target analyte and can estimate sensitivity with acceptable uncertainty based on the experimentally established relationship between binding energies and measured sensitivities. This work is broadly relevant to mass-spectrometric calibration strategies.
Mingfu Cai, Bin Yuan, Weiwei Hu, Ye Chenshuo, Shan Huang, Suxia Yang, Wei Chen, Yuwen Peng, Zhaoxiong Deng, Jun Zhao, Duohong Chen, Jiaren Sun, and Min Shao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 769–788, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-769-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-769-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates how the formation and aging processes of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) influence the evolution of SOA volatility in downwind regions. Our results reveal that elevated NOₓ levels enhanced the daytime SOA volatility by modifying gas-particle partitioning, particularly through suppressing the production of low-volatility organic vapors. In contrast, photochemical aging was associated with reduced SOA volatility.
Farhan R. Nursanto, Quanfu He, Sophia van de Wouw, Annika Zanders, Thorsten Hohaus, Willem S. J. Kroese, Robert Wegener, Max Gerrit Adam, Benjamin Winter, René Dubus, Lukas Kesper, Franz Rohrer, Yuwei Wang, Emily Matthews, Aristeidis Voliotis, Thomas J. Bannan, Gordon McFiggans, Hugh Coe, Yizhen Wu, Milan Roska, Manjula Canagaratna, Mitch Alton, Matthew M. Coggon, Chelsea E. Stockwell, Kelvin H. Bates, Eva Y. Pfannerstill, Sören R. Zorn, Hui Wang, Matthieu Riva, Sebastien Perrier, Boxing Yang, Lu Liu, Anna Novelli, Michelle Färber, Hendrik Fuchs, Andrea Carolina Marcillo Lara, Achim Grasse, Christian Wesolek, Ralf Tillmann, Rupert Holzinger, Maarten C. Krol, Georgios I. Gkatzelis, and Juliane L. Fry
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-6310, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-6310, 2026
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
Urban air contains reactive gases that can form organic nitrate particles and carry nitrogen oxides pollution far from cities. We recreated urban emissions in a large atmospheric chamber and observed their reactions under day and night conditions. We found that these emissions form organic nitrate particles similar to those from natural sources, with higher amounts and heavier particles at night, making nitrogen pollution longer lived and likely to travel further before depositing on ecosystems.
Wenhui Zhao, Weiwei Hu, Zhaoce Liu, Tianle Pan, Tingting Feng, Jun Wang, Yiyu Cai, Lin Liang, Shan Huang, Bin Yuan, Nan Ma, Min Shao, Guohua Zhang, Xinhui Bi, Xinming Wang, and Pengfei Yu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 135–154, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-135-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-135-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
Our study examined brown carbon – organic aerosols that absorb light – at the remote Tibet and urban Guangzhou. Field data showed Tibet’s brown carbon absorbs about 10 times less than Guangzhou’s, due to cleaner air. Yet, over 75 % of its light absorption still comes from primary emission, which causes over 98 % of its climate-warming effect in both places. This study advances understanding of brown carbon dynamics and its sources in diverse environments for global climate effects.
Tianyu Zhang, Yizhu Chen, Huanhuan Zhang, Lei Liu, Chengpeng Huang, Zhengyang Fang, Yifan Zhang, Fu Wang, Lan Luo, Guohua Zhang, Xinming Wang, and Mingjin Tang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 17091–17106, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-17091-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-17091-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This work investigated seasonal variations of aerosol aluminium solubility for supermicron and submicron particles at two locations in northern China. We conclude that atmospheric chemical processing, in which aerosol liquid water and acidity play vital roles, dictates aerosol aluminium solubility.
Shengjun Xi, Yuhang Wang, Xiangyang Yuan, Zhaozhong Feng, Fanghe Zhao, Yanli Zhang, and Xinming Wang
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 8627–8649, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-8627-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-8627-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We developed the Speciated Isoprene Emission Model with Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature Algorithm for China to improve biogenic emission estimates using updated vegetation data and local measurements. The model predicts summer 2013 emissions of 10.92–11.37 teragrams of carbon. Validation shows our model performs better than the existing models, revealing underestimated isoprene impacts on ozone pollution in eastern China.
Yunfeng He, Xiang Ding, Quanfu He, Yuqing Zhang, Duohong Chen, Tao Zhang, Kong Yang, Junqi Wang, Qian Cheng, Hao Jiang, Zirui Wang, Ping Liu, Xinming Wang, and Michael Boy
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 13729–13745, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-13729-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-13729-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study presented field measurements of PM2.5 and its chemical composition at a regional background site in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) from 2007 to 2020. As air quality improved, secondary species became more dominant. The changes in chemical composition led to the reductions in aerosol acidity, liquid water content and light extinction coefficient. Our results help to improve understanding of the secondary species formation under decreasing anthropogenic emissions.
Rui Li, Haley E. Plaas, Yifan Zhang, Yizhu Chen, Tianyu Zhang, Yi Yang, Sagar Rathod, Guohua Zhang, Xinming Wang, Douglas S. Hamilton, and Mingjin Tang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-4058, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-4058, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This work measured solubility of aerosol Fe from several distinct anthropogenic sources, updated aerosol Fe solubility parameterizations used in the Community Earth System model, and found that residential burning is a significant source of soluble aerosol Fe to the ocean.
Anni Hartikainen, Mika Ihalainen, Deeksha Shukla, Marius Rohkamp, Arya Mukherjee, Quanfu He, Sandra Piel, Aki Virkkula, Delun Li, Tuukka Kokkola, Seongho Jeong, Hanna Koponen, Uwe Etzien, Anusmita Das, Krista Luoma, Lukas Schwalb, Thomas Gröger, Alexandre Barth, Martin Sklorz, Thorsten Streibel, Hendryk Czech, Benedikt Gündling, Markus Kalberer, Bert Buchholz, Andreas Hupfer, Thomas Adam, Thorsten Hohaus, Johan Øvrevik, Ralf Zimmermann, and Olli Sippula
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 9275–9294, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-9275-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-9275-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Photochemical reactions altered the properties of kerosene-operated jet engine burner exhaust emissions, which were studied in a laboratory using an oxidation flow reactor. Particle mass increased 300-fold as particles and gases became more oxidized. Light absorption increased, but the total direct radiative forcing efficiency was estimated to have shifted from positive to negative. The results highlight the importance of considering secondary aerosol formation when assessing the impacts of aviation.
Zhouxing Zou, Tianshu Chen, Qianjie Chen, Weihang Sun, Shichun Han, Zhuoyue Ren, Xinyi Li, Wei Song, Aoqi Ge, Qi Wang, Xiao Tian, Chenglei Pei, Xinming Wang, Yanli Zhang, and Tao Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 8147–8161, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-8147-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-8147-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We measured ambient OH and HO2* (HO2 and contribution from RO2, organic peroxyl radicals) concentrations at a subtropical rural site and compared our observations with model results. During warm periods, the model overestimated concentrations of OH and HO2, leading to overestimation of ozone and nitric acid production. Our findings highlight the need to better understand how OH and HO2 are formed and removed, which is important for accurate air quality and climate predictions.
Xiao Tian, Jianqiang Zeng, Yanli Zhang, Weihua Pang, Yuting Lu, Haofan Ran, Hao Guo, Zhaobin Mu, Wei Song, and Xinming Wang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3226, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3226, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study measured a statistically representative number of 2-month-old and 2-year-old eucalyptus trees using both leaf cuvettes and dynamic branch chambers. It demonstrated equivalent isoprene results between the two enclosure methods, yet contrasting emission magnitude and speciation among age groups. Current seedling- and adult-tree-mixed emission factor databases may thus misjudge ozone and secondary organic aerosol simulation, thus age-resolved data will improve air quality forecasts.
Pingyang Li, Boji Lin, Zhineng Cheng, Jing Li, Jun Li, Duohong Chen, Tao Zhang, Run Lin, Sanyuan Zhu, Jun Liu, Yujun Lin, Shizhen Zhao, Guangcai Zhong, Zhenchuan Niu, Ping Ding, and Gan Zhang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1931, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1931, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Our study indicates fossil fuel CO2 (CO2ff) reductions in Chinese megacities via atmospheric Δ(14CO2) and δ(13CO2) measurements, driven by coal-to-gas transitions and combustion efficiency improvement. Three-decade data show steeper declined urban RCO/CO2ff ratios than inventory estimates, implying underestimation of efficiency improvements and CO reductions. Integrating top-down observations with inventories is critical to track policy-driven emission shifts and optimize co-benefit strategies.
Haofan Wang, Yuejin Li, Yiming Liu, Xiao Lu, Yang Zhang, Qi Fan, Chong Shen, Senchao Lai, Yan Zhou, Tao Zhang, and Dingli Yue
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 5233–5250, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-5233-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-5233-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study explores how urban green spaces (UGSs) in Guangzhou influence ozone levels. By using advanced models, we found that natural emissions from these areas can significantly affect air quality. Our results suggest that the design and planning of UGSs should not only consider aesthetics and social factors but also their environmental impacts on air quality.
Bowen Zhong, Bin Jiang, Jun Zhou, Tao Zhang, Duohong Chen, Yuhong Zhai, Junqing Luo, Minhui Deng, Mao Xiao, Jianhui Jiang, Jing Li, and Min Shao
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1618, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1618, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding ozone production is vital for pollution control, as it directly affects ozone levels. Conventional models often lack key mechanisms, like certain volatile organic compounds, reducing the reliability of ozone production and sensitivity assessments. To fix this, we used a detection system to measure these factors during 2023 autumn field observations in rural China. Combining the system with a box model enabled a detailed study of ozone production and sensitivity.
Jianqiang Zeng, Yanli Zhang, Haofan Ran, Weihua Pang, Hao Guo, Zhaobin Mu, Wei Song, and Xinming Wang
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 1811–1821, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-1811-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-1811-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study revealed the existence of significant species-specific adsorptive and reactive losses of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes in dynamic chambers. The deuterated α-pinene-d3 and β-caryophyllene-d2 were proven as effective surrogates in tracing these losses for some key monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. The findings highlight the importance of selecting internal surrogates that closely match the adsorptive and reactive behaviors of target compounds for precise loss correction.
Ye Kuang, Biao Luo, Shan Huang, Junwen Liu, Weiwei Hu, Yuwen Peng, Duohong Chen, Dingli Yue, Wanyun Xu, Bin Yuan, and Min Shao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 3737–3752, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3737-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3737-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This research reveals the potential importance of nighttime NO3 radical chemistry and aerosol water in the rapid formation of secondary brown carbon from diluted biomass burning emissions. The findings enhance our understanding of nighttime biomass burning evolution and its implications for climate and regional air quality, especially regarding interactions with background aerosol water and water-rich fogs and clouds.
Petri Clusius, Metin Baykara, Carlton Xavier, Putian Zhou, Juniper Tyree, Benjamin Foreback, Mikko Äijälä, Frans Graeffe, Tuukka Petäjä, Markku Kulmala, Pauli Paasonen, Paul I. Palmer, and Michael Boy
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-39, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-39, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Cloud condensation nuclei are necessary to form clouds, and their size distribution affects cloud properties and therefore Earth’s energy budget. This study modelled the origins of cloud condensation nuclei at SMEAR II, Hyytiälä, Finland, and found that primary emissions and new particle formation separately contribute to more than half of the condensation nuclei, but they suppress each other, leading to current concentrations. Largest condensation nuclei originated mostly from emissions.
Mingfu Cai, Chenshuo Ye, Bin Yuan, Shan Huang, E Zheng, Suxia Yang, Zelong Wang, Yi Lin, Tiange Li, Weiwei Hu, Wei Chen, Qicong Song, Wei Li, Yuwen Peng, Baoling Liang, Qibin Sun, Jun Zhao, Duohong Chen, Jiaren Sun, Zhiyong Yang, and Min Shao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 13065–13079, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13065-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13065-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigated the daytime secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation in urban plumes. We observed a significant daytime SOA formation through gas–particle partitioning when the site was affected by urban plumes. A box model simulation indicated that urban pollutants (nitrogen oxide and volatile organic compounds) could enhance the oxidizing capacity, while the elevated volatile organic compounds were mainly responsible for promoting daytime SOA formation.
Lei Kong, Xiao Tang, Zifa Wang, Jiang Zhu, Jianjun Li, Huangjian Wu, Qizhong Wu, Huansheng Chen, Lili Zhu, Wei Wang, Bing Liu, Qian Wang, Duohong Chen, Yuepeng Pan, Jie Li, Lin Wu, and Gregory R. Carmichael
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 4351–4387, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4351-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4351-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A new long-term inversed emission inventory for Chinese air quality (CAQIEI) is developed in this study, which contains constrained monthly emissions of NOx, SO2, CO, PM2.5, PM10, and NMVOCs in China from 2013 to 2020 with a horizontal resolution of 15 km. Emissions of different air pollutants and their changes during 2013–2020 were investigated and compared with previous emission inventories, which sheds new light on the complex variations of air pollutant emissions in China.
Tianle Pan, Andrew T. Lambe, Weiwei Hu, Yicong He, Minghao Hu, Huaishan Zhou, Xinming Wang, Qingqing Hu, Hui Chen, Yue Zhao, Yuanlong Huang, Doug R. Worsnop, Zhe Peng, Melissa A. Morris, Douglas A. Day, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Jose-Luis Jimenez, and Shantanu H. Jathar
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 4915–4939, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-4915-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-4915-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study systematically characterizes the temperature enhancement in the lamp-enclosed oxidation flow reactor (OFR). The enhancement varied multiple dimensional factors, emphasizing the complexity of temperature inside of OFR. The effects of temperature on the flow field and gas- or particle-phase reaction inside OFR were also evaluated with experiments and model simulations. Finally, multiple mitigation strategies were demonstrated to minimize this temperature increase.
Yuanyuan Qin, Xinghua Zhang, Wei Huang, Juanjuan Qin, Xiaoyu Hu, Yuxuan Cao, Tianyi Zhao, Yang Zhang, Jihua Tan, Ziyin Zhang, Xinming Wang, and Zhenzhen Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8737–8750, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8737-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8737-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Environmental persistent free radicals (EPFRs) and reactive oxygen species (ROSs) play an active role in the atmosphere. Despite control measures having effectively reduced their emissions, reductions were less than in PM2.5. Emission control measures performed well in achieving Parade Blue, but reducing the impact of the atmosphere on human health remains challenging. Thus, there is a need to reassess emission control measures to better address the challenges posed by EPFRs and ROSs.
Juanjuan Qin, Leiming Zhang, Yuanyuan Qin, Shaoxuan Shi, Jingnan Li, Zhao Shu, Yuwei Gao, Ting Qi, Jihua Tan, and Xinming Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 7575–7589, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7575-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7575-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The present research unveiled that acidity dominates while transition metal ions harmonize with the light absorption properties of humic-like substances (HULIS). Cu2+ has quenching effects on HULIS by complexation, hydrogen substitution, or electrostatic adsorption, with aromatic structures of HULIS. Such effects are less pronounced if from Mn2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, and Cu2+. Oxidized HULIS might contain electron-donating groups, whereas N-containing compounds might contain electron-withdrawing groups.
Wei Sun, Xiaodong Hu, Yuzhen Fu, Guohua Zhang, Yujiao Zhu, Xinfeng Wang, Caiqing Yan, Likun Xue, He Meng, Bin Jiang, Yuhong Liao, Xinming Wang, Ping'an Peng, and Xinhui Bi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 6987–6999, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6987-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6987-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The formation pathways of nitrogen-containing compounds (NOCs) in the atmosphere remain unclear. We investigated the composition of aerosols and fog water by state-of-the-art mass spectrometry and compared the formation pathways of NOCs. We found that NOCs in aerosols were mainly formed through nitration reaction, while ammonia addition played a more important role in fog water. The results deepen our understanding of the processes of organic particulate pollution.
Ping Liu, Xiang Ding, Bo-Xuan Li, Yu-Qing Zhang, Daniel J. Bryant, and Xin-Ming Wang
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 3067–3079, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-3067-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-3067-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, we further optimize the measurement of atmospheric organosulfates by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC), offering an improved method for quantifying and speciating atmospheric organosulfates. These efforts will contribute to a deeper understanding of secondary organic aerosol precursors, formation mechanisms, and the contribution of organosulfate to atmospheric aerosols, ultimately guiding research in the field of air pollution prevention and control.
Yarê Baker, Sungah Kang, Hui Wang, Rongrong Wu, Jian Xu, Annika Zanders, Quanfu He, Thorsten Hohaus, Till Ziehm, Veronica Geretti, Thomas J. Bannan, Simon P. O'Meara, Aristeidis Voliotis, Mattias Hallquist, Gordon McFiggans, Sören R. Zorn, Andreas Wahner, and Thomas F. Mentel
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 4789–4807, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4789-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4789-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Highly oxygenated organic molecules are important contributors to secondary organic aerosol. Their yield depends on detailed atmospheric chemical composition. One important parameter is the ratio of hydroperoxy radicals to organic peroxy radicals (HO2/RO2), and we show that higher HO2/RO2 ratios lower the secondary organic aerosol yield. This is of importance as laboratory studies are often biased towards organic peroxy radicals.
Wenjie Wang, Bin Yuan, Hang Su, Yafang Cheng, Jipeng Qi, Sihang Wang, Wei Song, Xinming Wang, Chaoyang Xue, Chaoqun Ma, Fengxia Bao, Hongli Wang, Shengrong Lou, and Min Shao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 4017–4027, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4017-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4017-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates the important role of unmeasured volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in ozone formation. Based on results in a megacity of China, we show that unmeasured VOCs can contribute significantly to ozone fomation and also influence the determination of ozone control strategy. Our results show that these unmeasured VOCs are mainly from human sources.
Hua Fang, Ting Wu, Shutan Ma, Qina Jia, Fengyu Zan, Juan Zhao, Jintao Zhang, Zhi Yang, Hongling Xu, Yuzhe Huang, and Xinming Wang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2998, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2998, 2024
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
Using in situ VOC flux measurements, we reveal that the freshwater wetland is a potential source of atmospheric VOCs and that litter decomposition enhances net VOC emission. Ambient temperature is the key factor driving the seasonal variation of net VOC flux. Notably, the release or uptake of VOCs varies depending on chemical groups and is jointly controlled by biotic and abiotic processes.
Putian Zhou, Zhengyao Lu, Jukka-Pekka Keskinen, Qiong Zhang, Juha Lento, Jianpu Bian, Twan van Noije, Philippe Le Sager, Veli-Matti Kerminen, Markku Kulmala, Michael Boy, and Risto Makkonen
Clim. Past, 19, 2445–2462, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-2445-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-2445-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
A Green Sahara with enhanced rainfall and larger vegetation cover existed in northern Africa about 6000 years ago. Biosphere–atmosphere interactions are found to be critical to explaining this wet period. Based on modeled vegetation reconstruction data, we simulated dust emissions and aerosol formation, which are key factors in biosphere–atmosphere interactions. Our results also provide a benchmark of aerosol climatology for future paleo-climate simulation experiments.
Bojiang Su, Xinhui Bi, Zhou Zhang, Yue Liang, Congbo Song, Tao Wang, Yaohao Hu, Lei Li, Zhen Zhou, Jinpei Yan, Xinming Wang, and Guohua Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 10697–10711, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10697-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10697-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
During the R/V Xuelong cruise observation over the Ross Sea, Antarctica, the mass concentrations of water-soluble Ca2+ and the mass spectra of individual calcareous particles were measured. Our results indicated that lower temperature, lower wind speed, and the presence of sea ice may facilitate Ca2+ enrichment in sea spray aerosols and highlighted the potential contribution of organically complexed calcium to calcium enrichment, which is inaccurate based solely on water-soluble Ca2+ estimation.
Yiyu Cai, Chenshuo Ye, Wei Chen, Weiwei Hu, Wei Song, Yuwen Peng, Shan Huang, Jipeng Qi, Sihang Wang, Chaomin Wang, Caihong Wu, Zelong Wang, Baolin Wang, Xiaofeng Huang, Lingyan He, Sasho Gligorovski, Bin Yuan, Min Shao, and Xinming Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8855–8877, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8855-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8855-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We studied the variability and molecular composition of ambient oxidized organic nitrogen (OON) in both gas and particle phases using a state-of-the-art online mass spectrometer in urban air. Biomass burning and secondary formation were found to be the two major sources of OON. Daytime nitrate radical chemistry for OON formation was more important than previously thought. Our results improved the understanding of the sources and molecular composition of OON in the polluted urban atmosphere.
Lukas Pichelstorfer, Pontus Roldin, Matti Rissanen, Noora Hyttinen, Olga Garmash, Carlton Xavier, Putian Zhou, Petri Clusius, Benjamin Foreback, Thomas Golin Almeida, Chenjuan Deng, Metin Baykara, Theo Kurten, and Michael Boy
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1415, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1415, 2023
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
Secondary organic aerosols (SOA) form effectively from gaseous precursors via a process called autoxidation. While key chemical reaction types seem to be known, no general description of autoxidation chemistry exists. In the present work, we present a method to create autoxidation chemistry schemes for any atmospherically relevant hydrocarbon. We exemplarily investigate benzene and its potential to form aerosols. We found that autoxidation, under some conditions, can dominate the SOA formation.
Joanna E. Dyson, Lisa K. Whalley, Eloise J. Slater, Robert Woodward-Massey, Chunxiang Ye, James D. Lee, Freya Squires, James R. Hopkins, Rachel E. Dunmore, Marvin Shaw, Jacqueline F. Hamilton, Alastair C. Lewis, Stephen D. Worrall, Asan Bacak, Archit Mehra, Thomas J. Bannan, Hugh Coe, Carl J. Percival, Bin Ouyang, C. Nicholas Hewitt, Roderic L. Jones, Leigh R. Crilley, Louisa J. Kramer, W. Joe F. Acton, William J. Bloss, Supattarachai Saksakulkrai, Jingsha Xu, Zongbo Shi, Roy M. Harrison, Simone Kotthaus, Sue Grimmond, Yele Sun, Weiqi Xu, Siyao Yue, Lianfang Wei, Pingqing Fu, Xinming Wang, Stephen R. Arnold, and Dwayne E. Heard
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 5679–5697, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5679-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5679-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The hydroxyl (OH) and closely coupled hydroperoxyl (HO2) radicals are vital for their role in the removal of atmospheric pollutants. In less polluted regions, atmospheric models over-predict HO2 concentrations. In this modelling study, the impact of heterogeneous uptake of HO2 onto aerosol surfaces on radical concentrations and the ozone production regime in Beijing in the summertime is investigated, and the implications for emissions policies across China are considered.
Huanhuan Zhang, Rui Li, Chengpeng Huang, Xiaofei Li, Shuwei Dong, Fu Wang, Tingting Li, Yizhu Chen, Guohua Zhang, Yan Ren, Qingcai Chen, Ru-jin Huang, Siyu Chen, Tao Xue, Xinming Wang, and Mingjin Tang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 3543–3559, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3543-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3543-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This work investigated the seasonal variation of aerosol Fe solubility for coarse and fine particles in Xi’an, a megacity in northwestern China severely affected by anthropogenic emission and desert dust aerosol. In addition, we discussed in depth what controlled aerosol Fe solubility at different seasons for coarse and fine particles.
Chunlin Zou, Tao Cao, Meiju Li, Jianzhong Song, Bin Jiang, Wanglu Jia, Jun Li, Xiang Ding, Zhiqiang Yu, Gan Zhang, and Ping'an Peng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 963–979, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-963-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-963-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, PM2.5 samples were obtained during a winter haze event in Guangzhou, China, and light absorption and molecular composition of humic-like substances (HULIS) were investigated by UV–Vis spectrophotometry and ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry. The findings obtained present some differences from the results reported in other regions of China and significantly enhanced our understanding of HULIS evolution during haze bloom-decay processes in the subtropic region of southern China.
Tingting Feng, Yingkun Wang, Weiwei Hu, Ming Zhu, Wei Song, Wei Chen, Yanyan Sang, Zheng Fang, Wei Deng, Hua Fang, Xu Yu, Cheng Wu, Bin Yuan, Shan Huang, Min Shao, Xiaofeng Huang, Lingyan He, Young Ro Lee, Lewis Gregory Huey, Francesco Canonaco, Andre S. H. Prevot, and Xinming Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 611–636, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-611-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-611-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
To investigate the impact of aging processes on organic aerosols (OA), we conducted a comprehensive field study at a continental remote site using an on-line mass spectrometer. The results show that OA in the Chinese outflows were strongly influenced by upwind anthropogenic emissions. The aging processes can significantly decrease the OA volatility and result in a varied viscosity of OA under different circumstances, signifying the complex physiochemical properties of OA in aged plumes.
Petri Clusius, Carlton Xavier, Lukas Pichelstorfer, Putian Zhou, Tinja Olenius, Pontus Roldin, and Michael Boy
Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 7257–7286, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-7257-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-7257-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Atmospheric chemistry and aerosol processes form a dynamic and sensitively balanced system, and solving problems regarding air quality or climate requires detailed modelling and coupling of the processes. The models involved are often very complex to use. We have addressed this problem with the new ARCA box model. It puts much of the current knowledge of the nano- and microscale aerosol dynamics and chemistry into usable software and has the potential to become a valuable tool in the community.
Biao Luo, Ye Kuang, Shan Huang, Qicong Song, Weiwei Hu, Wei Li, Yuwen Peng, Duohong Chen, Dingli Yue, Bin Yuan, and Min Shao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 12401–12415, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12401-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12401-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We performed comprehensive analysis on biomass burning organic aerosol (BBOA) size distributions, as well as mass scattering and absorption efficiencies, with an improved method of on-line quantification of brown carbon absorptions. Both BBOA volume size distribution and retrieved refractive index depend highly on combustion conditions represented by the black carbon content, which has significant implications for BBOA climate effect simulations.
Xueyin Ruan, Chun Zhao, Rahul A. Zaveri, Pengzhen He, Xinming Wang, Jingyuan Shao, and Lei Geng
Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 6143–6164, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-6143-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-6143-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Accurate prediction of aerosol pH in chemical transport models is essential to aerosol modeling. This study examines the performance of the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) on aerosol pH predictions and the sensitivities to emissions of nonvolatile cations and NH3, aerosol-phase state assumption, and heterogeneous sulfate production. Temporal evolution of aerosol pH during haze cycles in Beijing and the driving factors are also presented and discussed.
Carlton Xavier, Metin Baykara, Robin Wollesen de Jonge, Barbara Altstädter, Petri Clusius, Ville Vakkari, Roseline Thakur, Lisa Beck, Silvia Becagli, Mirko Severi, Rita Traversi, Radovan Krejci, Peter Tunved, Mauro Mazzola, Birgit Wehner, Mikko Sipilä, Markku Kulmala, Michael Boy, and Pontus Roldin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 10023–10043, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10023-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10023-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The focus of this work is to study and improve our understanding of processes involved in the formation and growth of new particles in a remote Arctic marine environment. We run the 1D model ADCHEM along air mass trajectories arriving at Ny-Ålesund in May 2018. The model finds that ion-mediated H2SO4–NH3 nucleation can explain the observed new particle formation at Ny-Ålesund. The growth of particles is driven via H2SO4 condensation and formation of methane sulfonic acid in the aqueous phase.
Guohua Zhang, Xiaodong Hu, Wei Sun, Yuxiang Yang, Ziyong Guo, Yuzhen Fu, Haichao Wang, Shengzhen Zhou, Lei Li, Mingjin Tang, Zongbo Shi, Duohong Chen, Xinhui Bi, and Xinming Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 9571–9582, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9571-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9571-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We show a significant enhancement of nitrate mass fraction in cloud water and relative intensity of nitrate in the cloud residual particles and highlight that hydrolysis of N2O5 serves as the critical route for the in-cloud formation of nitrate, even during the daytime. Given that N2O5 hydrolysis acts as a major sink of NOx in the atmosphere, further model updates may improve our understanding about the processes contributing to nitrate production in cloud and the cycling of odd nitrogen.
Yihang Yu, Peng Cheng, Huirong Li, Wenda Yang, Baobin Han, Wei Song, Weiwei Hu, Xinming Wang, Bin Yuan, Min Shao, Zhijiong Huang, Zhen Li, Junyu Zheng, Haichao Wang, and Xiaofang Yu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 8951–8971, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8951-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8951-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We have investigated the budget of HONO at an urban site in Guangzhou. Budget and comprehensive uncertainty analysis suggest that at such locations as ours, HONO direct emissions and NO + OH can become comparable or even surpass other HONO sources that typically receive greater attention and interest, such as the NO2 heterogeneous source and the unknown daytime photolytic source. Our findings emphasize the need to reduce the uncertainties of both conventional and novel HONO sources and sinks.
Mingfu Cai, Shan Huang, Baoling Liang, Qibin Sun, Li Liu, Bin Yuan, Min Shao, Weiwei Hu, Wei Chen, Qicong Song, Wei Li, Yuwen Peng, Zelong Wang, Duohong Chen, Haobo Tan, Hanbin Xu, Fei Li, Xuejiao Deng, Tao Deng, Jiaren Sun, and Jun Zhao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 8117–8136, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8117-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8117-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigated the size dependence and diurnal variation in organic aerosol hygroscopicity, volatility, and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activity. We found that the physical properties of OA could vary in a large range at different particle sizes and affected the number concentration of CCN (NCCN) at all supersaturations. Our results highlight the importance of evaluating the atmospheric evolution processes of OA at different size ranges and their impact on climate effects.
Lu Chen, Fang Zhang, Dongmei Zhang, Xinming Wang, Wei Song, Jieyao Liu, Jingye Ren, Sihui Jiang, Xue Li, and Zhanqing Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 6773–6786, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6773-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6773-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol hygroscopicity is critical when evaluating its effect on visibility and climate. Here, the size-resolved particle hygroscopicity at five sites in China is characterized using field measurements. We show the distinct behavior of hygroscopic particles during pollution evolution among the five sites. Moreover, different hygroscopic behavior during NPF events were also observed. The dataset is helpful for understanding the spatial variability in particle composition and formation mechanisms.
Ziyong Guo, Yuxiang Yang, Xiaodong Hu, Xiaocong Peng, Yuzhen Fu, Wei Sun, Guohua Zhang, Duohong Chen, Xinhui Bi, Xinming Wang, and Ping'an Peng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 4827–4839, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4827-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4827-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We show that in-cloud aqueous processing facilitates the formation of brown carbon (BrC), based on the simultaneous measurements of the light-absorption properties of the cloud residuals, cloud interstitial, and cloud-free particles. While extensive laboratory evidence indicated the formation of BrC in aqueous phase, our study represents the first attempt to show the possibility in real clouds, which would have potential implications in the atmospheric evolution and radiation forcing of BrC.
Suxia Yang, Bin Yuan, Yuwen Peng, Shan Huang, Wei Chen, Weiwei Hu, Chenglei Pei, Jun Zhou, David D. Parrish, Wenjie Wang, Xianjun He, Chunlei Cheng, Xiao-Bing Li, Xiaoyun Yang, Yu Song, Haichao Wang, Jipeng Qi, Baolin Wang, Chen Wang, Chaomin Wang, Zelong Wang, Tiange Li, E Zheng, Sihang Wang, Caihong Wu, Mingfu Cai, Chenshuo Ye, Wei Song, Peng Cheng, Duohong Chen, Xinming Wang, Zhanyi Zhang, Xuemei Wang, Junyu Zheng, and Min Shao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 4539–4556, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4539-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4539-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We use a model constrained using observations to study the formation of nitrate aerosol in and downwind of a representative megacity. We found different contributions of various chemical reactions to ground-level nitrate concentrations between urban and suburban regions. We also show that controlling VOC emissions are effective for decreasing nitrate formation in both urban and regional environments, although VOCs are not direct precursors of nitrate aerosol.
Hanna K. Lappalainen, Tuukka Petäjä, Timo Vihma, Jouni Räisänen, Alexander Baklanov, Sergey Chalov, Igor Esau, Ekaterina Ezhova, Matti Leppäranta, Dmitry Pozdnyakov, Jukka Pumpanen, Meinrat O. Andreae, Mikhail Arshinov, Eija Asmi, Jianhui Bai, Igor Bashmachnikov, Boris Belan, Federico Bianchi, Boris Biskaborn, Michael Boy, Jaana Bäck, Bin Cheng, Natalia Chubarova, Jonathan Duplissy, Egor Dyukarev, Konstantinos Eleftheriadis, Martin Forsius, Martin Heimann, Sirkku Juhola, Vladimir Konovalov, Igor Konovalov, Pavel Konstantinov, Kajar Köster, Elena Lapshina, Anna Lintunen, Alexander Mahura, Risto Makkonen, Svetlana Malkhazova, Ivan Mammarella, Stefano Mammola, Stephany Buenrostro Mazon, Outi Meinander, Eugene Mikhailov, Victoria Miles, Stanislav Myslenkov, Dmitry Orlov, Jean-Daniel Paris, Roberta Pirazzini, Olga Popovicheva, Jouni Pulliainen, Kimmo Rautiainen, Torsten Sachs, Vladimir Shevchenko, Andrey Skorokhod, Andreas Stohl, Elli Suhonen, Erik S. Thomson, Marina Tsidilina, Veli-Pekka Tynkkynen, Petteri Uotila, Aki Virkkula, Nadezhda Voropay, Tobias Wolf, Sayaka Yasunaka, Jiahua Zhang, Yubao Qiu, Aijun Ding, Huadong Guo, Valery Bondur, Nikolay Kasimov, Sergej Zilitinkevich, Veli-Matti Kerminen, and Markku Kulmala
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 4413–4469, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4413-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4413-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We summarize results during the last 5 years in the northern Eurasian region, especially from Russia, and introduce recent observations of the air quality in the urban environments in China. Although the scientific knowledge in these regions has increased, there are still gaps in our understanding of large-scale climate–Earth surface interactions and feedbacks. This arises from limitations in research infrastructures and integrative data analyses, hindering a comprehensive system analysis.
Wenjie Wang, Bin Yuan, Yuwen Peng, Hang Su, Yafang Cheng, Suxia Yang, Caihong Wu, Jipeng Qi, Fengxia Bao, Yibo Huangfu, Chaomin Wang, Chenshuo Ye, Zelong Wang, Baolin Wang, Xinming Wang, Wei Song, Weiwei Hu, Peng Cheng, Manni Zhu, Junyu Zheng, and Min Shao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 4117–4128, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4117-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4117-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
From thorough measurements of numerous oxygenated volatile organic compounds, we show that their photodissociation can be important for radical production and ozone formation in the atmosphere. This effect was underestimated in previous studies, as measurements of them were lacking.
Haichao Wang, Chao Peng, Xuan Wang, Shengrong Lou, Keding Lu, Guicheng Gan, Xiaohong Jia, Xiaorui Chen, Jun Chen, Hongli Wang, Shaojia Fan, Xinming Wang, and Mingjin Tang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 1845–1859, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1845-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1845-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Via combining laboratory and modeling work, we found that heterogeneous reaction of N2O5 with saline mineral dust aerosol could be an important source of tropospheric ClNO2 in inland regions.
Juanjuan Qin, Jihua Tan, Xueming Zhou, Yanrong Yang, Yuanyuan Qin, Xiaobo Wang, Shaoxuan Shi, Kang Xiao, and Xinming Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 465–479, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-465-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-465-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Water-soluble organic compounds (WSOCs) play important roles in atmospheric particle formation, migration, and transformation processes. In this work, size-segregated atmospheric particles were collected in a rural area of Beijing, and 3D fluorescence spectroscopy was used to investigate the optical properties of WSOCs as a means of inferring information about their atmospheric sources. It was found that these data could efficiently reveal the secondary transformation processes of WSOCs.
Jianqiang Zeng, Yanli Zhang, Huina Zhang, Wei Song, Zhenfeng Wu, and Xinming Wang
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 79–93, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-79-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-79-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The emission of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) from plant leaves is an essential part of biosphere–atmosphere interactions. Here we demonstrate how a dynamic chamber for measuring branch-scale BVOC emissions could be characterized both in the lab for adsorptive losses and in the field for ambient–enclosure environmental differences. The results also imply emission factors for terpenes might be underestimated if measured using dynamic chambers without certified transfer efficiencies.
Qi En Zhong, Chunlei Cheng, Zaihua Wang, Lei Li, Mei Li, Dafeng Ge, Lei Wang, Yuanyuan Li, Wei Nie, Xuguang Chi, Aijun Ding, Suxia Yang, Duohong Chen, and Zhen Zhou
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 17953–17967, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17953-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17953-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Particulate amines play important roles in new particle formation, aerosol acidity, and hygroscopicity. Most of the field observations did not distinguish the different behavior of each type amine under the same ambient influencing factors. In this study, two amine-containing single particles exhibited different mixing states and disparate enrichment of secondary organics, which provide insight into the discriminated fates of organics during the formation and evolution processes.
Wei Sun, Yuzhen Fu, Guohua Zhang, Yuxiang Yang, Feng Jiang, Xiufeng Lian, Bin Jiang, Yuhong Liao, Xinhui Bi, Duohong Chen, Jianmin Chen, Xinming Wang, Jie Ou, Ping'an Peng, and Guoying Sheng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 16631–16644, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16631-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16631-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We sampled cloud water at a remote mountain site and investigated the molecular characteristics. CHON and CHO are dominant in cloud water. No statistical difference in the oxidation state is observed between cloud water and interstitial PM2.5. Most of the formulas are aliphatic and olefinic species. CHON, with aromatic structures and organosulfates, are abundant, especially in nighttime samples. The in-cloud and multi-phase dark reactions likely contribute significantly.
Quanfu He, Zheng Fang, Ofir Shoshanim, Steven S. Brown, and Yinon Rudich
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 14927–14940, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14927-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14927-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Rayleigh scattering and absorption cross sections for CO2, N2O, SF6, O2, and CH4 were measured between 307 and 725 nm. New dispersion relations for N2O, SF6, and CH4 in the UV–vis range were derived. This study provides refractive index dispersion relations, scattering, and absorption cross sections which are highly needed for accurate instrument calibration and for improved accuracy of Rayleigh scattering parameterizations for major greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere.
Ye Kuang, Shan Huang, Biao Xue, Biao Luo, Qicong Song, Wei Chen, Weiwei Hu, Wei Li, Pusheng Zhao, Mingfu Cai, Yuwen Peng, Jipeng Qi, Tiange Li, Sihang Wang, Duohong Chen, Dingli Yue, Bin Yuan, and Min Shao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 10375–10391, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10375-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10375-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We found that organic aerosol factors with identified sources perform much better than oxidation level parameters in characterizing variations in organic aerosol hygroscopicity, and secondary aerosol formations associated with different sources have distinct effects on organic aerosol hygroscopicity. It reveals that source-oriented organic aerosol hygroscopicity investigations might result in more appropriate parameterization approaches in chemical and climate models.
Peng Wang, Juanyong Shen, Men Xia, Shida Sun, Yanli Zhang, Hongliang Zhang, and Xinming Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 10347–10356, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10347-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10347-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Ozone (O3) pollution has received extensive attention due to worsening air quality and rising health risks. The Chinese National Day holiday (CNDH), which is associated with intensive commercial and tourist activities, serves as a valuable experiment to evaluate the O3 response during the holiday. We find sharply increasing trends of observed O3 concentrations throughout China during the CNDH, leading to 33 % additional total daily deaths.
Hua Fang, Xiaoqing Huang, Yanli Zhang, Chenglei Pei, Zuzhao Huang, Yujun Wang, Yanning Chen, Jianhong Yan, Jianqiang Zeng, Shaoxuan Xiao, Shilu Luo, Sheng Li, Jun Wang, Ming Zhu, Xuewei Fu, Zhenfeng Wu, Runqi Zhang, Wei Song, Guohua Zhang, Weiwei Hu, Mingjin Tang, Xiang Ding, Xinhui Bi, and Xinming Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 10005–10013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10005-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10005-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
A tunnel test was initiated to measure the vehicular IVOC emissions under real-world driving conditions. Higher SOA formation estimated from vehicular IVOCs compared to those from traditional VOCs emphasized the greater importance of IVOCs in modulating urban SOA. The results also revealed that non-road diesel-fueled engines greatly contributed to IVOCs in China.
Mingfu Cai, Baoling Liang, Qibin Sun, Li Liu, Bin Yuan, Min Shao, Shan Huang, Yuwen Peng, Zelong Wang, Haobo Tan, Fei Li, Hanbin Xu, Duohong Chen, and Jun Zhao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 8575–8592, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8575-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8575-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigated the contribution of new particle formation (NPF) events to the number concentration of cloud condensation nuclei (NCCN) and its controlling factors in the Pearl River Delta region. The results show that the surfactant effect can decrease the critical diameter and significantly increase the NCCN during the NPF event. In addition, the growth rate is founded to be the most important controlling factor that affects NCCN for growth of newly-formed particles to the CCN sizes.
Anke Mutzel, Yanli Zhang, Olaf Böge, Maria Rodigast, Agata Kolodziejczyk, Xinming Wang, and Hartmut Herrmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 8479–8498, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8479-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8479-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation and particle growth from α-pinene, limonene, and m-cresol oxidation through NO3 and OH radicals and the effect of relative humidity. The formed SOA is comprehensively characterized with respect to the content of OC / EC, WSOC, SOA-bound peroxides, and SOA marker compounds. The findings present new insights and implications of nighttime chemistry, which can form SOA more efficiently than OH radical reaction during daytime.
Chenshuo Ye, Bin Yuan, Yi Lin, Zelong Wang, Weiwei Hu, Tiange Li, Wei Chen, Caihong Wu, Chaomin Wang, Shan Huang, Jipeng Qi, Baolin Wang, Chen Wang, Wei Song, Xinming Wang, E Zheng, Jordan E. Krechmer, Penglin Ye, Zhanyi Zhang, Xuemei Wang, Douglas R. Worsnop, and Min Shao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 8455–8478, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8455-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8455-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We performed measurements of gaseous and particulate organic compounds using a state-of-the-art online mass spectrometer in urban air. Using the dataset, we provide a holistic chemical characterization of oxygenated organic compounds in the polluted urban atmosphere, which can serve as a reference for the future field measurements of organic compounds in cities.
Chao Peng, Patricia N. Razafindrambinina, Kotiba A. Malek, Lanxiadi Chen, Weigang Wang, Ru-Jin Huang, Yuqing Zhang, Xiang Ding, Maofa Ge, Xinming Wang, Akua A. Asa-Awuku, and Mingjin Tang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 7135–7148, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7135-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7135-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Organosulfates are important constituents in tropospheric aerosol particles, but their hygroscopic properties and cloud condensation nuclei activities are not well understood. In our work, three complementary techniques were employed to investigate the interactions of 11 organosulfates with water vapor under sub- and supersaturated conditions.
Claire E. Reeves, Graham P. Mills, Lisa K. Whalley, W. Joe F. Acton, William J. Bloss, Leigh R. Crilley, Sue Grimmond, Dwayne E. Heard, C. Nicholas Hewitt, James R. Hopkins, Simone Kotthaus, Louisa J. Kramer, Roderic L. Jones, James D. Lee, Yanhui Liu, Bin Ouyang, Eloise Slater, Freya Squires, Xinming Wang, Robert Woodward-Massey, and Chunxiang Ye
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 6315–6330, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6315-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6315-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The impact of isoprene on atmospheric chemistry is dependent on how its oxidation products interact with other pollutants, specifically nitrogen oxides. Such interactions can lead to isoprene nitrates. We made measurements of the concentrations of individual isoprene nitrate isomers in Beijing and used a model to test current understanding of their chemistry. We highlight areas of uncertainty in understanding, in particular the chemistry following oxidation of isoprene by the nitrate radical.
Long Peng, Lei Li, Guohua Zhang, Xubing Du, Xinming Wang, Ping'an Peng, Guoying Sheng, and Xinhui Bi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 5605–5613, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5605-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5605-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We build a novel system that utilizes an aerodynamic aerosol classifier (AAC) combined with a single-particle aerosol mass spectrometry (SPAMS) to simultaneously characterize the volume equivalent diameter (Dve), chemical compositions, and effective density (ρe) of individual particles in real time. A test of the AAC-SPAMS with both spherical and aspherical particles shows that the deviations between the measured and theoretical values are less than 6 %.
Lei Kong, Xiao Tang, Jiang Zhu, Zifa Wang, Jianjun Li, Huangjian Wu, Qizhong Wu, Huansheng Chen, Lili Zhu, Wei Wang, Bing Liu, Qian Wang, Duohong Chen, Yuepeng Pan, Tao Song, Fei Li, Haitao Zheng, Guanglin Jia, Miaomiao Lu, Lin Wu, and Gregory R. Carmichael
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 529–570, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-529-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-529-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
China's air pollution has changed substantially since 2013. Here we have developed a 6-year-long high-resolution air quality reanalysis dataset over China from 2013 to 2018 to illustrate such changes and to provide a basic dataset for relevant studies. Surface fields of PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, CO, and O3 concentrations are provided, and the evaluation results indicate that the reanalysis dataset has excellent performance in reproducing the magnitude and variation of air pollution in China.
Lisa K. Whalley, Eloise J. Slater, Robert Woodward-Massey, Chunxiang Ye, James D. Lee, Freya Squires, James R. Hopkins, Rachel E. Dunmore, Marvin Shaw, Jacqueline F. Hamilton, Alastair C. Lewis, Archit Mehra, Stephen D. Worrall, Asan Bacak, Thomas J. Bannan, Hugh Coe, Carl J. Percival, Bin Ouyang, Roderic L. Jones, Leigh R. Crilley, Louisa J. Kramer, William J. Bloss, Tuan Vu, Simone Kotthaus, Sue Grimmond, Yele Sun, Weiqi Xu, Siyao Yue, Lujie Ren, W. Joe F. Acton, C. Nicholas Hewitt, Xinming Wang, Pingqing Fu, and Dwayne E. Heard
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 2125–2147, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2125-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2125-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
To understand how emission controls will impact ozone, an understanding of the sources and sinks of OH and the chemical cycling between peroxy radicals is needed. This paper presents measurements of OH, HO2 and total RO2 taken in central Beijing. The radical observations are compared to a detailed chemistry model, which shows that under low NO conditions, there is a missing OH source. Under high NOx conditions, the model under-predicts RO2 and impacts our ability to model ozone.
Mike J. Newland, Daniel J. Bryant, Rachel E. Dunmore, Thomas J. Bannan, W. Joe F. Acton, Ben Langford, James R. Hopkins, Freya A. Squires, William Dixon, William S. Drysdale, Peter D. Ivatt, Mathew J. Evans, Peter M. Edwards, Lisa K. Whalley, Dwayne E. Heard, Eloise J. Slater, Robert Woodward-Massey, Chunxiang Ye, Archit Mehra, Stephen D. Worrall, Asan Bacak, Hugh Coe, Carl J. Percival, C. Nicholas Hewitt, James D. Lee, Tianqu Cui, Jason D. Surratt, Xinming Wang, Alastair C. Lewis, Andrew R. Rickard, and Jacqueline F. Hamilton
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 1613–1625, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-1613-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-1613-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We report the formation of secondary pollutants in the urban megacity of Beijing that are typically associated with remote regions such as rainforests. This is caused by extremely low levels of nitric oxide (NO), typically expected to be high in urban areas, observed in the afternoon. This work has significant implications for how we understand atmospheric chemistry in the urban environment and thus for how to implement effective policies to improve urban air quality.
Cited articles
Bian, Y., Huang, Z., Ou, J., Zhong, Z., Xu, Y., Zhang, Z., Xiao, X., Ye, X., Wu, Y., Yin, X., Li, C., Chen, L., Shao, M., and Zheng, J.: Evolution of anthropogenic air pollutant emissions in Guangdong Province, China, from 2006 to 2015, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 11701–11719, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-11701-2019, 2019.
Bikkina, S., Kawamura, K., Imanishi, K., Boreddy, S. K. R., and Nojiri, Y.: Seasonal and longitudinal distributions of atmospheric water-soluble dicarboxylic acids, oxocarboxylic acids, and α-dicarbonyls over the North Pacific, Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 120, 5191–5213, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JD022972, 2015.
Bikkina, S., Kawamura, K., and Sarin, M.: Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation over Coastal Ocean: Inferences from Atmospheric Water-Soluble Low Molecular Weight Organic Compounds, Environ. Sci. Technol., 51, 4347–4357, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b05986, 2017.
Bikkina, S., Kawamura, K., Sakamoto, Y., and Hirokawa, J.: Low molecular weight dicarboxylic acids, oxocarboxylic acids and α-dicarbonyls as ozonolysis products of isoprene: Implication for the gaseous-phase formation of secondary organic aerosols, Sci. Total Environ., 769, 144472, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144472, 2021.
Bilde, M., Barsanti, K., Booth, M., Cappa, C. D., Donahue, N. M., Emanuelsson, E. U., McFiggans, G., Krieger, U. K., Marcolli, C., Topping, D., Ziemann, P., Barley, M., Clegg, S., Dennis-Smither, B., Hallquist, M., Hallquist, Å. M., Khlystov, A., Kulmala, M., Mogensen, D., Percival, C. J., Pope, F., Reid, J. P., Ribeiro da Silva, M. A. V., Rosenoern, T., Salo, K., Soonsin, V. P., Yli-Juuti, T., Prisle, N. L., Pagels, J., Rarey, J., Zardini, A. A., and Riipinen, I.: Saturation Vapor Pressures and Transition Enthalpies of Low-Volatility Organic Molecules of Atmospheric Relevance: From Dicarboxylic Acids to Complex Mixtures, Chem. Rev., 115, 4115–4156, https://doi.org/10.1021/cr5005502, 2015.
Cao, F., Zhang, S.-C., Kawamura, K., Liu, X., Yang, C., Xu, Z., Fan, M., Zhang, W., Bao, M., Chang, Y., Song, W., Liu, S., Lee, X., Li, J., Zhang, G., and Zhang, Y.-L.: Chemical characteristics of dicarboxylic acids and related organic compounds in PM2.5 during biomass-burning and non-biomass-burning seasons at a rural site of Northeast China, Environ. Pollut., 231, 654–662, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.08.045, 2017.
Cao, T., Wang, H., Chen, X., Li, L., Lu, X., Lu, K., and Fan, S.: Rapid increase in spring ozone in the Pearl River Delta, China during 2013–2022, npj Clim. Atmos. Sci., 7, 309, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-024-00847-3, 2024.
Chen, T. Q., Guestrin, C., and Assoc Comp, M.: XGBoost: A Scalable Tree Boosting System, in: 22nd ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD), San Francisco, CA, 13–17 August, WOS:000485529800092, 785–794, https://doi.org/10.1145/2939672.2939785, 2016.
Cheng, Y., Ma, Y., and Hu, D.: Tracer-based source apportioning of atmospheric organic carbon and the influence of anthropogenic emissions on secondary organic aerosol formation in Hong Kong, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 10589–10608, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10589-2021, 2021.
Cooke, M. E., Armstrong, N. C., Fankhauser, A. M., Chen, Y., Lei, Z., Zhang, Y., Ledsky, I. R., Turpin, B. J., Zhang, Z., Gold, A., McNeill, V. F., Surratt, J. D., and Ault, A. P.: Decreases in Epoxide-Driven Secondary Organic Aerosol Production under Highly Acidic Conditions: The Importance of Acid–Base Equilibria, Environ. Sci. Technol., 58, 10675–10684, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.3c10851, 2024.
Ding, X., Wang, X.-M., Gao, B., Fu, X.-X., He, Q.-F., Zhao, X.-Y., Yu, J.-Z., and Zheng, M.: Tracer-based estimation of secondary organic carbon in the Pearl River Delta, south China, Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 117, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD016596, 2012.
Ding, X., He, Q. F., Shen, R. Q., Yu, Q. Q., and Wang, X. M.: Spatial distributions of secondary organic aerosols from isoprene, monoterpenes, beta-caryophyllene, and aromatics over China during summer, Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 119, 11877–11891, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014jd021748, 2014.
Ding, X., Zhang, Y. Q., He, Q. F., Yu, Q. Q., Wang, J. Q., Shen, R. Q., Song, W., Wang, Y. S., and Wang, X. M.: Significant Increase of Aromatics-Derived Secondary Organic Aerosol during Fall to Winter in China, Environ. Sci. Technol., 51, 7432–7441, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b06408, 2017.
Ding, Z., Du, W., Wu, C., Cheng, C., Meng, J., Li, D., Ho, K., Zhang, L., and Wang, G.: Summertime atmospheric dicarboxylic acids and related SOA in the background region of Yangtze River Delta, China: Implications for heterogeneous reaction of oxalic acid with sea salts, Sci. Total Environ., 757, 143741, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143741, 2021.
Ehhalt, D. H. and Rohrer, F.: Dependence of the OH concentration on solar UV, Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 105, 3565–3571, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999jd901070, 2000.
Ervens, B., Carlton, A. G., Turpin, B. J., Altieri, K. E., Kreidenweis, S. M., and Feingold, G.: Secondary organic aerosol yields from cloud-processing of isoprene oxidation products, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL031828, 2008.
Geng, G. N., Xiao, Q. Y., Zheng, Y. X., Tong, D., Zhang, Y. X., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Q., He, K. B., and Liu, Y.: Impact of China's Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on PM2.5 chemical composition over eastern China, Science China-Earth Sciences, 62, 1872–1884, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-018-9353-x, 2019.
Giannoni, M., Martellini, T., Del Bubba, M., Gambaro, A., Zangrando, R., Chiari, M., Lepri, L., and Cincinelli, A.: The use of levoglucosan for tracing biomass burning in PM2.5 samples in Tuscany (Italy), Environ. Pollut., 167, 7–15, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2012.03.016, 2012.
Guenther, A., Karl, T., Harley, P., Wiedinmyer, C., Palmer, P. I., and Geron, C.: Estimates of global terrestrial isoprene emissions using MEGAN (Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature), Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 3181–3210, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-3181-2006, 2006.
Guenther, A. B., Zimmerman, P. R., Harley, P. C., Monson, R. K., and Fall, R.: Isoprene and monoterpene emission rate variability: Model evaluations and sensitivity analyses, Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 98, 12609–12617, https://doi.org/10.1029/93JD00527, 1993.
Guo, Q., Wang, Y., Zheng, J., Zhu, M., Sha, Q. e., and Huang, Z.: Temporal evolution of speciated volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from solvent use sources in the Pearl River Delta Region, China (2006–2019), Sci. Total Environ., 933, 172888, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172888, 2024.
He, L.-Y., Hu, M., Huang, X.-F., Yu, B.-D., Zhang, Y.-H., and Liu, D.-Q.: Measurement of emissions of fine particulate organic matter from Chinese cooking, Atmos. Environ., 38, 6557–6564, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.08.034, 2004.
He, Y., Ding, X., He, Q., Zhang, Y., Chen, D., Zhang, T., Yang, K., Wang, J., Cheng, Q., Jiang, H., Wang, Z., Liu, P., Wang, X., and Boy, M.: Long-term Trends in PM2.5 Chemical Composition and Its Impact on Aerosol Properties: Field Observations from 2007 to 2020 in Pearl River Delta, South China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 13729–13745, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-13729-2025, 2025.
Hilario, M. R. A., Crosbie, E., Bañaga, P. A., Betito, G., Braun, R. A., Cambaliza, M. O., Corral, A. F., Cruz, M. T., Dibb, J. E., Lorenzo, G. R., MacDonald, A. B., Robinson, C. E., Shook, M. A., Simpas, J. B., Stahl, C., Winstead, E., Ziemba, L. D., and Sorooshian, A.: Particulate Oxalate-To-Sulfate Ratio as an Aqueous Processing Marker: Similarity Across Field Campaigns and Limitations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 48, e2021GL096520, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL096520, 2021.
Ho, K. F., Cao, J. J., Lee, S. C., Kawamura, K., Zhang, R. J., Chow, J. C., and Watson, J. G.: Dicarboxylic acids, ketocarboxylic acids, and dicarbonyls in the urban atmosphere of China, Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 112, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD008011, 2007.
Hou, L. L., Dai, Q. L., Song, C. B., Liu, B. W., Guo, F. Z., Dai, T. J., Li, L. X., Liu, B. S., Bi, X. H., Zhang, Y. F., and Feng, Y. C.: Revealing Drivers of Haze Pollution by Explainable Machine Learning, Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett., 9, 112–119, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.1c00865, 2022.
Hu, D. and Yu, J. Z.: Secondary organic aerosol tracers and malic acid in Hong Kong: seasonal trends and origins, Environ. Chem., 10, 381–394, https://doi.org/10.1071/en13104, 2013.
Hu, J., Chen, Z., Qin, X., and Dong, P.: Reversible and irreversible gas–particle partitioning of dicarbonyl compounds observed in the real atmosphere, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 6971–6987, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6971-2022, 2022.
Jung, J., Tsatsral, B., Kim, Y. J., and Kawamura, K.: Organic and inorganic aerosol compositions in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, during the cold winter of 2007 to 2008: Dicarboxylic acids, ketocarboxylic acids, and α-dicarbonyls, Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 115, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD014339, 2010.
Kawamura, K. and Bikkina, S.: A review of dicarboxylic acids and related compounds in atmospheric aerosols: Molecular distributions, sources and transformation, Atmos. Res., 170, 140–160, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2015.11.018, 2016.
Kawamura, K. and Ikushima, K.: Seasonal changes in the distribution of dicarboxylic acids in the urban atmosphere, Environ. Sci. Technol., 27, 2227–2235, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00047a033, 1993.
Kawamura, K. and Kaplan, I. R.: Motor exhaust emissions as a primary source for dicarboxylic acids in Los Angeles ambient air, Environ. Sci. Technol., 21, 105–110, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00155a014, 1987.
Kawamura, K. and Sakaguchi, F.: Molecular distributions of water soluble dicarboxylic acids in marine aerosols over the Pacific Ocean including tropics, Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 104, 3501–3509, https://doi.org/10.1029/1998JD100041, 1999.
Kawamura, K. and Usukura, K.: Distributions of low molecular weight dicarboxylic acids in the North Pacific aerosol samples, J. Oceanogr., 49, 271–283, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02269565, 1993.
Kawamura, K. and Watanabe, T.: Determination of Stable Carbon Isotopic Compositions of Low Molecular Weight Dicarboxylic Acids and Ketocarboxylic Acids in Atmospheric Aerosol and Snow Samples, Anal. Chem., 76, 5762–5768, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac049491m, 2004.
Kawamura, K., Sempéré, R., Imai, Y., Fujii, Y., and Hayashi, M.: Water soluble dicarboxylic acids and related compounds in Antarctic aerosols, Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 101, 18721–18728, https://doi.org/10.1029/96JD01541, 1996.
Kawamura, K., Okuzawa, K., Aggarwal, S. G., Irie, H., Kanaya, Y., and Wang, Z.: Determination of gaseous and particulate carbonyls (glycolaldehyde, hydroxyacetone, glyoxal, methylglyoxal, nonanal and decanal) in the atmosphere at Mt. Tai, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 5369–5380, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-5369-2013, 2013a.
Kawamura, K., Tachibana, E., Okuzawa, K., Aggarwal, S. G., Kanaya, Y., and Wang, Z. F.: High abundances of water-soluble dicarboxylic acids, ketocarboxylic acids and α-dicarbonyls in the mountaintop aerosols over the North China Plain during wheat burning season, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 8285–8302, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-8285-2013, 2013b.
Kleindienst, T. E., Jaoui, M., Lewandowski, M., Offenberg, J. H., and Docherty, K. S.: The formation of SOA and chemical tracer compounds from the photooxidation of naphthalene and its methyl analogs in the presence and absence of nitrogen oxides, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 8711–8726, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-8711-2012, 2012.
Liu, J., Chen, M., Chu, B., Chen, T., Ma, Q., Wang, Y., Zhang, P., Li, H., Zhao, B., Xie, R., Huang, Q., Wang, S., and He, H.: Assessing the Significance of Regional Transport in Ozone Pollution through Machine Learning: A Case Study of Hainan Island, ACS ES&T Air, 2, 416–425, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestair.4c00297, 2025.
Liu, T. Y., Chan, A. W. H., and Abbatt, J. P. D.: Multiphase Oxidation of Sulfur Dioxide in Aerosol Particles: Implications for Sulfate Formation in Polluted Environments, Environ. Sci. Technol., 55, 4227–4242, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c06496, 2021.
Lundberg, S. M. and Lee, S. I.: A Unified Approach to Interpreting Model Predictions, 31st Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS), Long Beach, CA, 4–9 December, https://doi.org/10.5555/3295222.3295230, 2017.
Meng, J., Wang, G., Hou, Z., Liu, X., Wei, B., Wu, C., Cao, C., Wang, J., Li, J., Cao, J., Zhang, E., Dong, J., Liu, J., Ge, S., and Xie, Y.: Molecular distribution and stable carbon isotopic compositions of dicarboxylic acids and related SOA from biogenic sources in the summertime atmosphere of Mt. Tai in the North China Plain, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 15069–15086, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-15069-2018, 2018.
Meng, J., Wang, Y., Li, Y., Huang, T., Wang, Z., Wang, Y., Chen, M., Hou, Z., Zhou, H., Lu, K., Kawamura, K., and Fu, P.: Measurement Report: Investigation on the sources and formation processes of dicarboxylic acids and related species in urban aerosols before and during the COVID-19 lockdown in Jinan, East China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14481–14503, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14481-2023, 2023.
Nenes, A., Pandis, S. N., and Pilinis, C.: ISORROPIA: A New Thermodynamic Equilibrium Model for Multiphase Multicomponent Inorganic Aerosols, Aquat. Geochem., 4, 123–152, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009604003981, 1998.
Nenes, A., Pandis, S. N., Kanakidou, M., Russell, A. G., Song, S., Vasilakos, P., and Weber, R. J.: Aerosol acidity and liquid water content regulate the dry deposition of inorganic reactive nitrogen, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 6023–6033, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6023-2021, 2021.
Pavuluri, C. M., Wang, S., Fu, P. Q., Zhao, W., Xu, Z., and Liu, C.-Q.: Molecular Distributions of Diacids, Oxoacids, and α-Dicarbonyls in Summer- and Winter-Time Fine Aerosols From Tianjin, North China: Emissions From Combustion Sources and Aqueous Phase Secondary Formation, Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 126, e2020JD032961, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JD032961, 2021.
Peng, X., Xie, T.-T., Tang, M.-X., Cheng, Y., Peng, Y., Wei, F.-H., Cao, L.-M., Yu, K., Du, K., He, L.-Y., and Huang, X.-F.: Critical Role of Secondary Organic Aerosol in Urban Atmospheric Visibility Improvement Identified by Machine Learning, Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett., 10, 976–982, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.3c00084, 2023.
Poore, M. W.: Oxalic Acid in PM2.5 Particulate Matter in California, Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 50, 1874–1875, https://doi.org/10.1080/10473289.2000.10464226, 2000.
Resch, J., Wolfer, K., Barth, A., and Kalberer, M.: Effects of storage conditions on the molecular-level composition of organic aerosol particles, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9161–9171, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9161-2023, 2023.
Riddle, S. G., Robert, M. A., Jakober, C. A., Hannigan, M. P., and Kleeman, M. J.: Size Distribution of Trace Organic Species Emitted from Light-Duty Gasoline Vehicles, Environ. Sci. Technol., 41, 7464–7471, https://doi.org/10.1021/es070153n, 2007.
Rinaldi, M., Decesari, S., Carbone, C., Finessi, E., Fuzzi, S., Ceburnis, D., O'Dowd, C. D., Sciare, J., Burrows, J. P., Vrekoussis, M., Ervens, B., Tsigaridis, K., and Facchini, M. C.: Evidence of a natural marine source of oxalic acid and a possible link to glyoxal, Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 116, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD015659, 2011.
Sato, K., Ikemori, F., Ramasamy, S., Fushimi, A., Kumagai, K., Iijima, A., and Morino, Y.: Four- and Five-Carbon Dicarboxylic Acids Present in Secondary Organic Aerosol Produced from Anthropogenic and Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds, Atmosphere, 12, 1703, https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12121703, 2021.
Simoneit, B. R. T., Medeiros, P. M., and Didyk, B. M.: Combustion Products of Plastics as Indicators for Refuse Burning in the Atmosphere, Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 6961–6970, https://doi.org/10.1021/es050767x, 2005.
Wang, G., Kawamura, K., Cheng, C., Li, J., Cao, J., Zhang, R., Zhang, T., Liu, S., and Zhao, Z.: Molecular Distribution and Stable Carbon Isotopic Composition of Dicarboxylic Acids, Ketocarboxylic Acids, and α-Dicarbonyls in Size-Resolved Atmospheric Particles From Xi'an City, China, Environ. Sci. Technol., 46, 4783–4791, https://doi.org/10.1021/es204322c, 2012.
Wang, H., Kawamura, K., and Yamazaki, K.: Water-Soluble dicarboxylic acids, ketoacids and dicarbonyls in the atmospheric aerosols over the southern ocean and western pacific ocean, J. Atmos. Chem., 53, 43–61, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10874-006-1479-4, 2006.
Wang, H., Wu, Q., Guenther, A. B., Yang, X., Wang, L., Xiao, T., Li, J., Feng, J., Xu, Q., and Cheng, H.: A long-term estimation of biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emission in China from 2001–2016: the roles of land cover change and climate variability, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 4825–4848, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-4825-2021, 2021a.
Wang, J., Wang, G., Gao, J., Wang, H., Ren, Y., Li, J., Zhou, B., Wu, C., Zhang, L., Wang, S., and Chai, F.: Concentrations and stable carbon isotope compositions of oxalic acid and related SOA in Beijing before, during, and after the 2014 APEC, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 981–992, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-981-2017, 2017.
Wang, N., Xu, J. W., Pei, C. L., Tang, R., Zhou, D. R., Chen, Y. N., Li, M., Deng, X. J., Deng, T., Huang, X., and Ding, A. J.: Air Quality During COVID-19 Lockdown in the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta: Two Different Responsive Mechanisms to Emission Reductions in China, Environ. Sci. Technol., 55, 5721–5730, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c08383, 2021b.
World Health Organization: WHO Global Air Quality Guidelines in 2021, WHO European Centre for Environment and Health, https://www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/who-global-air-quality-guidelines, (last access: 17 June 2024), 2021.
Xu, B., Zhang, G., Gustafsson, Ö., Kawamura, K., Li, J., Andersson, A., Bikkina, S., Kunwar, B., Pokhrel, A., Zhong, G., Zhao, S., Li, J., Huang, C., Cheng, Z., Zhu, S., Peng, P., and Sheng, G.: Large contribution of fossil-derived components to aqueous secondary organic aerosols in China, Nat. Commun., 13, 5115, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-32863-3, 2022.
Xu, B., Tang, J., Tang, T., Zhao, S., Zhong, G., Zhu, S., Li, J., and Zhang, G.: Fates of secondary organic aerosols in the atmosphere identified from compound-specific dual-carbon isotope analysis of oxalic acid, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 1565–1578, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1565-2023, 2023.
Xu, L., Middlebrook, A. M., Liao, J., de Gouw, J. A., Guo, H., Weber, R. J., Nenes, A., Lopez-Hilfiker, F. D., Lee, B. H., Thornton, J. A., Brock, C. A., Neuman, J. A., Nowak, J. B., Pollack, I. B., Welti, A., Graus, M., Warneke, C., and Ng, N. L.: Enhanced formation of isoprene-derived organic aerosol in sulfur-rich power plant plumes during Southeast Nexus, Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 121, 11,137-111,153, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JD025156, 2016.
Yan, F. H., Chen, W. H., Jia, S. G., Zhong, B. Q., Yang, L. M., Mao, J. Y., Chang, M., Shao, M., Yuan, B., Situ, S., Wang, X. M., Chen, D. H., and Wang, X. M.: Stabilization for the secondary species contribution to PM2.5 in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) over the past decade, China: A meta-analysis, Atmos. Environ., 242, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117817, 2020.
Yu, J. Z., Huang, X.-F., Xu, J., and Hu, M.: When Aerosol Sulfate Goes Up, So Does Oxalate: Implication for the Formation Mechanisms of Oxalate, Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 128–133, https://doi.org/10.1021/es049559f, 2005.
Yu, Q., Ding, X., He, Q., Yang, W., Zhu, M., Li, S., Zhang, R., Shen, R., Zhang, Y., Bi, X., Wang, Y., Peng, P., and Wang, X.: Nationwide increase of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in ultrafine particles during winter over China revealed by size-segregated measurements, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 14581–14595, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-14581-2020, 2020.
Yu, Q., Chen, J., Cheng, S., Qin, W., Zhang, Y., Sun, Y., and Ahmad, M.: Seasonal variation of dicarboxylic acids in PM2.5 in Beijing: Implications for the formation and aging processes of secondary organic aerosols, Sci. Total Environ., 763, 142964, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142964, 2021.
Zhang, N., Fan, F., Feng, Y., Hu, M., Fu, Q., Chen, J., Wang, S., and Feng, J.: Insight into Source and Evolution of Oxalic Acid: Characterization of Particulate Organic Diacids in a Mega-City, Shanghai from 2008 to 2020, Atmosphere, 13, 1347, https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13091347, 2022a.
Zhang, Q., Zheng, Y. X., Tong, D., Shao, M., Wang, S. X., Zhang, Y. H., Xu, X. D., Wang, J. N., He, H., Liu, W. Q., Ding, Y. H., Lei, Y., Li, J. H., Wang, Z. F., Zhang, X. Y., Wang, Y. S., Cheng, J., Liu, Y., Shi, Q. R., Yan, L., Geng, G. N., Hong, C. P., Li, M., Liu, F., Zheng, B., Cao, J. J., Ding, A. J., Gao, J., Fu, Q. Y., Huo, J. T., Liu, B. X., Liu, Z. R., Yang, F. M., He, K. B., and Hao, J. M.: Drivers of improved PM2.5 air quality in China from 2013 to 2017, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 116, 24463–24469, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1907956116, 2019.
Zhang, Y.-Q., Ding, X., He, Q.-F., Wen, T.-X., Wang, J.-Q., Yang, K., Jiang, H., Cheng, Q., Liu, P., Wang, Z.-R., He, Y.-F., Hu, W.-W., Wang, Q.-Y., Xin, J.-Y., Wang, Y.-S., and Wang, X.-M.: Observational Insights into Isoprene Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation through the Epoxide Pathway at Three Urban Sites from Northern to Southern China, Environ. Sci. Technol., 56, 4795–4805, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c06974, 2022b.
Zhao, W., Kawamura, K., Yue, S., Wei, L., Ren, H., Yan, Y., Kang, M., Li, L., Ren, L., Lai, S., Li, J., Sun, Y., Wang, Z., and Fu, P.: Molecular distribution and compound-specific stable carbon isotopic composition of dicarboxylic acids, oxocarboxylic acids and α-dicarbonyls in PM2.5 from Beijing, China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 2749–2767, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-2749-2018, 2018.
Zhao, W., Ren, H., Kawamura, K., Du, H., Chen, X., Yue, S., Xie, Q., Wei, L., Li, P., Zeng, X., Kong, S., Sun, Y., Wang, Z., and Fu, P.: Vertical distribution of particle-phase dicarboxylic acids, oxoacids and α-dicarbonyls in the urban boundary layer based on the 325 m tower in Beijing, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 10331–10350, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-10331-2020, 2020.
Zhao, Y., Hu, M., Slanina, S., and Zhang, Y.: Chemical Compositions of Fine Particulate Organic Matter Emitted from Chinese Cooking, Environ. Sci. Technol., 41, 99–105, https://doi.org/10.1021/es0614518, 2007.
Short summary
This study conducted long-term measurements of oxalic acid and molecular markers of primary anthropogenic emissions and secondary organic aerosols (SOA). We found that the reductions in anthropogenic precursors had limited impacts on SOA formation. The results highlight the increasing role of gas-phase oxidation under low-pollution conditions, emphasizing the need for effective ozone control strategies to mitigate SOA formation.
This study conducted long-term measurements of oxalic acid and molecular markers of primary...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint