Articles | Volume 23, issue 12
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7057-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7057-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
OH measurements in the coastal atmosphere of South China: possible missing OH sinks in aged air masses
Zhouxing Zou
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong
Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
Qianjie Chen
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong
Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong
Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
Qi Yuan
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong
Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
Yanan Wang
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong
Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
Enyu Xiong
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong
Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong
Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
Related authors
Zhouxing Zou, Tianshu Chen, Qianjie Chen, Weihang Sun, Shichun Han, Zhuoyue Ren, Xinyi Li, Wei Song, Aoqi Ge, Qi Wang, Xiao Tian, Chenglei Pei, Xinming Wang, Yanli Zhang, and Tao Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 8147–8161, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-8147-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-8147-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We measured ambient OH and HO2* (HO2 and contribution from RO2, organic peroxyl radicals) concentrations at a subtropical rural site and compared our observations with model results. During warm periods, the model overestimated concentrations of OH and HO2, leading to overestimation of ozone and nitric acid production. Our findings highlight the need to better understand how OH and HO2 are formed and removed, which is important for accurate air quality and climate predictions.
Xueying Liu, Yeqi Huang, Yao Chen, Xin Feng, Yang Xu, Yi Chen, Dasa Gu, Hao Sun, Zhi Ning, Jianzhen Yu, Wing Sze Chow, Changqing Lin, Yan Xiang, Tianshu Zhang, Claire Granier, Guy Brasseur, Zhe Wang, and Jimmy C. H. Fung
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3227, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3227, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) affect ozone formation and air quality. However, our understanding is limited due to insufficient measurements, especially for oxygenated VOCs. This study combines land, ship, and satellite data in Hong Kong, showing that oxygenated VOCs make up a significant portion of total VOCs. Despite their importance, many are underestimated in current models. These findings highlight the need to improve VOC representation in models to enhance air quality management.
Lirong Hui, Yi Chen, Xin Feng, Hao Sun, Jia Guo, Yang Xu, Yao Chen, Penggang Zheng, Dasa Gu, and Zhe Wang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2203, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2203, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
This study finds that oxygenated organic gases play a much greater role in ozone pollution than previously known. Based on detailed air measurements and modeling, the research shows these gases strongly influence radicals and ozone formation. Overlooking them may lead to ineffective policies. The findings highlight the need for better measurement of these gases to improve pollution forecasts and support smarter air quality strategies.
Zhouxing Zou, Tianshu Chen, Qianjie Chen, Weihang Sun, Shichun Han, Zhuoyue Ren, Xinyi Li, Wei Song, Aoqi Ge, Qi Wang, Xiao Tian, Chenglei Pei, Xinming Wang, Yanli Zhang, and Tao Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 8147–8161, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-8147-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-8147-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We measured ambient OH and HO2* (HO2 and contribution from RO2, organic peroxyl radicals) concentrations at a subtropical rural site and compared our observations with model results. During warm periods, the model overestimated concentrations of OH and HO2, leading to overestimation of ozone and nitric acid production. Our findings highlight the need to better understand how OH and HO2 are formed and removed, which is important for accurate air quality and climate predictions.
Ge Yu, Yueya Wang, Zhe Wang, and Xiaoming Shi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 7527–7542, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-7527-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-7527-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Studying the cloud-forming capacity of aerosols is crucial in climate research. The PartMC model can provide detailed particle information and help these studies. This model is integrated with the ideal meteorological Cloud Model 1 (CM1) to simulate the aerosols at cloud-forming locations. Significant changes are revealed in the hygroscopicity distribution of aerosols within ascending air parcels. Additionally, different ascent times also affect aerosol aging processes.
Ursula A. Jongebloed, Jacob I. Chalif, Linia Tashmim, William C. Porter, Kelvin H. Bates, Qianjie Chen, Erich C. Osterberg, Bess G. Koffman, Jihong Cole-Dai, Dominic A. Winski, David G. Ferris, Karl J. Kreutz, Cameron P. Wake, and Becky Alexander
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 4083–4106, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-4083-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-4083-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Marine phytoplankton emit dimethyl sulfide (DMS), which forms methanesulfonic acid (MSA) and sulfate. MSA concentrations in ice cores decreased over the industrial era, which has been attributed to pollution-driven changes in DMS chemistry. We use a model to investigate DMS chemistry compared to observations of DMS, MSA, and sulfate. We find that modeled DMS, MSA, and sulfate are influenced by pollution-sensitive oxidant concentrations, characterization of DMS chemistry, and other variables.
Mingxue Li, Men Xia, Chunshui Lin, Yifan Jiang, Weihang Sun, Yurun Wang, Yingnan Zhang, Maoxia He, and Tao Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 3753–3764, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3753-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3753-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Our field campaigns observed a strong diel pattern of chloroacetic acid as well as a strong correlation between its level and that of reactive chlorine species at a coastal site. Using quantum chemical calculations and box model simulation with an updated Master Chemical Mechanism, we found that the formation pathway of chloroacetic acid involved multiphase processes. Our study enhances understanding of atmospheric organic chlorine chemistry and emphasizes the importance of multiphase reactions.
Jianing Dai, Guy P. Brasseur, Mihalis Vrekoussis, Maria Kanakidou, Kun Qu, Yijuan Zhang, Hongliang Zhang, and Tao Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 12943–12962, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12943-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12943-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper employs a regional chemical transport model to quantify the sensitivity of air pollutants and photochemical parameters to specified emission reductions in China for representative winter and summer conditions. The study provides insights into further air quality control in China with reduced primary emissions.
Linia Tashmim, William C. Porter, Qianjie Chen, Becky Alexander, Charles H. Fite, Christopher D. Holmes, Jeffrey R. Pierce, Betty Croft, and Sakiko Ishino
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3379–3403, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3379-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3379-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) is mostly emitted from ocean surfaces and represents the largest natural source of sulfur for the atmosphere. Once in the atmosphere, DMS forms stable oxidation products such as SO2 and H2SO4, which can subsequently contribute to airborne particle formation and growth. In this study, we update the DMS oxidation mechanism in the chemical transport model GEOS-Chem and describe resulting changes in particle growth as well as the overall global sulfur budget.
Yifan Jiang, Men Xia, Zhe Wang, Penggang Zheng, Yi Chen, and Tao Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14813–14828, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14813-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14813-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides the first estimate of high rates of formic acid (HCOOH) production from the photochemical aging of real ambient particles and demonstrates the potential importance of this pathway in the formation of HCOOH under ambient conditions. Incorporating this pathway significantly improved the performance of a widely used chemical model. Our solution irradiation experiments demonstrated the importance of nitrate photolysis in HCOOH production via the production of oxidants.
Jianing Dai, Guy P. Brasseur, Mihalis Vrekoussis, Maria Kanakidou, Kun Qu, Yijuan Zhang, Hongliang Zhang, and Tao Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14127–14158, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14127-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14127-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we used a regional chemical transport model to characterize the different parameters of atmospheric oxidative capacity in recent chemical environments in China. These parameters include the production and destruction rates of ozone and other oxidants, the ozone production efficiency, the OH reactivity, and the length of the reaction chain responsible for the formation of ozone and ROx. They are also affected by the aerosol burden in the atmosphere.
Meng Wang, Yusen Duan, Zhuozhi Zhang, Qi Yuan, Xinwei Li, Shuwen Han, Juntao Huo, Jia Chen, Yanfen Lin, Qingyan Fu, Tao Wang, Junji Cao, and Shun-cheng Lee
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 10313–10324, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10313-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10313-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Hourly elemental carbon (EC) and NOx were continuously measured for 5 years (2016–2020) at a sampling site near a highway in western Shanghai. We use a machine learning model to rebuild the measured EC and NOx, and a business-as-usual (BAU) scenario was assumed in 2020 and compared with the measured EC and NOx.
Yishuo Guo, Chenjuan Deng, Aino Ovaska, Feixue Zheng, Chenjie Hua, Junlei Zhan, Yiran Li, Jin Wu, Zongcheng Wang, Jiali Xie, Ying Zhang, Tingyu Liu, Yusheng Zhang, Boying Song, Wei Ma, Yongchun Liu, Chao Yan, Jingkun Jiang, Veli-Matti Kerminen, Men Xia, Tuomo Nieminen, Wei Du, Tom Kokkonen, and Markku Kulmala
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 6663–6690, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6663-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6663-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Using the comprehensive datasets, we investigated the long-term variations of air pollutants during winter in Beijing from 2019 to 2022 and analyzed the characteristics of atmospheric pollution cocktail during different short-term special events (e.g., Beijing Winter Olympics, COVID lockdown and Chinese New Year) associated with substantial emission reductions. Our results are useful in planning more targeted and sustainable long-term pollution control plans.
Yuting Wang, Yong-Feng Ma, Domingo Muñoz-Esparza, Jianing Dai, Cathy Wing Yi Li, Pablo Lichtig, Roy Chun-Wang Tsang, Chun-Ho Liu, Tao Wang, and Guy Pierre Brasseur
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 5905–5927, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5905-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5905-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Air quality in urban areas is difficult to simulate in coarse-resolution models. This work exploits the WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting) model coupled with a large-eddy simulation (LES) component and online chemistry to perform high-resolution (33.3 m) simulations of air quality in a large city. The evaluation of the simulations with observations shows that increased model resolution improves the representation of the chemical species near the pollution sources.
Qianjie Chen, Jessica A. Mirrielees, Sham Thanekar, Nicole A. Loeb, Rachel M. Kirpes, Lucia M. Upchurch, Anna J. Barget, Nurun Nahar Lata, Angela R. W. Raso, Stephen M. McNamara, Swarup China, Patricia K. Quinn, Andrew P. Ault, Aaron Kennedy, Paul B. Shepson, Jose D. Fuentes, and Kerri A. Pratt
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 15263–15285, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15263-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15263-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
During a spring field campaign in the coastal Arctic, ultrafine particles were enhanced during high wind speeds, and coarse-mode particles were reduced during blowing snow. Calculated periods blowing snow were overpredicted compared to observations. Sea spray aerosols produced by sea ice leads affected the composition of aerosols and snowpack. An improved understanding of aerosol emissions from leads and blowing snow is critical for predicting the future climate of the rapidly warming Arctic.
William F. Swanson, Chris D. Holmes, William R. Simpson, Kaitlyn Confer, Louis Marelle, Jennie L. Thomas, Lyatt Jaeglé, Becky Alexander, Shuting Zhai, Qianjie Chen, Xuan Wang, and Tomás Sherwen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 14467–14488, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14467-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14467-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Radical bromine molecules are seen at higher concentrations during the Arctic spring. We use the global model GEOS-Chem to test whether snowpack and wind-blown snow sources can explain high bromine concentrations. We run this model for the entire year of 2015 and compare results to observations of bromine from floating platforms on the Arctic Ocean and at Utqiaġvik. We find that the model performs best when both sources are enabled but may overestimate bromine production in summer and fall.
Yue Tan and Tao Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 14455–14466, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14455-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14455-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We present a timely analysis of the effects of the recent lockdown in Shanghai on ground-level ozone (O3). Despite a huge reduction in human activity, O3 concentrations frequently exceeded the O3 air quality standard during the 2-month lockdown, implying that future emission reductions similar to those that occurred during the lockdown will not be sufficient to eliminate O3 pollution in many urban areas without the imposition of additional VOC controls or substantial decreases in NOx emissions.
Meng Wang, Yusen Duan, Wei Xu, Qiyuan Wang, Zhuozhi Zhang, Qi Yuan, Xinwei Li, Shuwen Han, Haijie Tong, Juntao Huo, Jia Chen, Shan Gao, Zhongbiao Wu, Long Cui, Yu Huang, Guangli Xiu, Junji Cao, Qingyan Fu, and Shun-cheng Lee
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 12789–12802, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12789-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12789-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we report the long-term measurement of organic carbon (OC) and elementary carbon (EC) in PM2.5 with hourly time resolution conducted at a regional site in Shanghai from 2016 to 2020. The results from this study provide critical information about the long-term trend of carbonaceous aerosol, in particular secondary OC, in one of the largest megacities in the world and are helpful for developing pollution control measures from a long-term planning perspective.
Qiongqiong Wang, Shan Wang, Yuk Ying Cheng, Hanzhe Chen, Zijing Zhang, Jinjian Li, Dasa Gu, Zhe Wang, and Jian Zhen Yu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 11239–11253, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11239-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11239-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) is often enhanced during fine-particulate-matter (PM2.5) episodes. We examined bi-hourly measurements of SOA molecular tracers in suburban Hong Kong during 11 city-wide PM2.5 episodes. The tracers showed regional characteristics for both anthropogenic and biogenic SOA as well as biomass-burning-derived SOA. Multiple tracers of the same precursor revealed the dominance of low-NOx formation pathways for isoprene SOA and less-aged monoterpene SOA during winter.
Yishuo Guo, Chao Yan, Yuliang Liu, Xiaohui Qiao, Feixue Zheng, Ying Zhang, Ying Zhou, Chang Li, Xiaolong Fan, Zhuohui Lin, Zemin Feng, Yusheng Zhang, Penggang Zheng, Linhui Tian, Wei Nie, Zhe Wang, Dandan Huang, Kaspar R. Daellenbach, Lei Yao, Lubna Dada, Federico Bianchi, Jingkun Jiang, Yongchun Liu, Veli-Matti Kerminen, and Markku Kulmala
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 10077–10097, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10077-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10077-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Gaseous oxygenated organic molecules (OOMs) are able to form atmospheric aerosols, which will impact on human health and climate change. Here, we find that OOMs in urban Beijing are dominated by anthropogenic sources, i.e. aromatic (29 %–41 %) and aliphatic (26 %–41 %) OOMs. They are also the main contributors to the condensational growth of secondary organic aerosols (SOAs). Therefore, the restriction on anthropogenic VOCs is crucial for the reduction of SOAs and haze formation.
Kathryn D. Kulju, Stephen M. McNamara, Qianjie Chen, Hannah S. Kenagy, Jacinta Edebeli, Jose D. Fuentes, Steven B. Bertman, and Kerri A. Pratt
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 2553–2568, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2553-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2553-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
N2O5 uptake by chloride-containing surfaces produces ClNO2, which photolyzes, producing NO2 and highly reactive Cl radicals that impact air quality. In the inland urban atmosphere, ClNO2 was elevated during lower air turbulence and over snow-covered ground, from snowpack ClNO2 production. N2O5 and ClNO2 levels were lowest, on average, during rainfall and fog because of scavenging, with N2O5 scavenging by fog droplets likely contributing to observed increased particulate nitrate concentrations.
Men Xia, Xiang Peng, Weihao Wang, Chuan Yu, Zhe Wang, Yee Jun Tham, Jianmin Chen, Hui Chen, Yujing Mu, Chenglong Zhang, Pengfei Liu, Likun Xue, Xinfeng Wang, Jian Gao, Hong Li, and Tao Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 15985–16000, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15985-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15985-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
ClNO2 is an important precursor of chlorine radical that affects photochemistry. However, its production and impact are not well understood. Our study presents field observations of ClNO2 at three sites in northern China. These observations provide new insights into nighttime processes that produce ClNO2 and the significant impact of ClNO2 on secondary pollutions during daytime. The results improve the understanding of photochemical pollution in the lower part of the atmosphere.
Yuliang Liu, Wei Nie, Yuanyuan Li, Dafeng Ge, Chong Liu, Zhengning Xu, Liangduo Chen, Tianyi Wang, Lei Wang, Peng Sun, Ximeng Qi, Jiaping Wang, Zheng Xu, Jian Yuan, Chao Yan, Yanjun Zhang, Dandan Huang, Zhe Wang, Neil M. Donahue, Douglas Worsnop, Xuguang Chi, Mikael Ehn, and Aijun Ding
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 14789–14814, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14789-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14789-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Oxygenated organic molecules (OOMs) are crucial intermediates linking volatile organic compounds to secondary organic aerosols. Using nitrate time-of-flight chemical ionization mass spectrometry in eastern China, we performed positive matrix factorization (PMF) on binned OOM mass spectra. We reconstructed over 1000 molecules from 14 derived PMF factors and identified about 72 % of the observed OOMs as organic nitrates, highlighting the decisive role of NOx in OOM formation in populated areas.
Thierno Doumbia, Claire Granier, Nellie Elguindi, Idir Bouarar, Sabine Darras, Guy Brasseur, Benjamin Gaubert, Yiming Liu, Xiaoqin Shi, Trissevgeni Stavrakou, Simone Tilmes, Forrest Lacey, Adrien Deroubaix, and Tao Wang
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 4191–4206, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4191-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4191-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Most countries around the world have implemented control measures to combat the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in significant changes in economic and personal activities. We developed the CONFORM (COvid-19 adjustmeNt Factors fOR eMissions) dataset to account for changes in emissions during lockdowns. This dataset was created with the intention of being directly applicable to existing global and regional inventories used in chemical transport models.
Peng Wang, Juanyong Shen, Men Xia, Shida Sun, Yanli Zhang, Hongliang Zhang, and Xinming Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 10347–10356, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10347-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10347-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Ozone (O3) pollution has received extensive attention due to worsening air quality and rising health risks. The Chinese National Day holiday (CNDH), which is associated with intensive commercial and tourist activities, serves as a valuable experiment to evaluate the O3 response during the holiday. We find sharply increasing trends of observed O3 concentrations throughout China during the CNDH, leading to 33 % additional total daily deaths.
Jianing Dai and Tao Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 8747–8759, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8747-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8747-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We used the WRF–Chem model with the latest HONO and ClNO2 processes to investigate their effects on the concentrations of ROx radicals, O3, and PM2.5 in Asia during summer. The results show that the ship-derived HONO and ClNO2 increased the ROx radical concentration by 2–3 times and subsequently increased the O3 and PM2.5 concentrations in marine areas. These findings indicate the importance of these nitrogen processes in the evaluation of the impact of ship emissions on air quality.
Mengyuan Zhang, Arpit Katiyar, Shengqiang Zhu, Juanyong Shen, Men Xia, Jinlong Ma, Sri Harsha Kota, Peng Wang, and Hongliang Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 4025–4037, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-4025-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-4025-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We studied changes in air quality in India induced by the COVID-19 lockdown through both surface observations and the CMAQ model. Our results show that emission reductions improved the air quality across India during the lockdown. On average, the levels of PM2.5 and O3 decreased by 28 % and 15 %, indicating positive effects of lockdown measures. We suggest that more stringent and localized emission control strategies should be implemented in India to mitigate air pollutions.
Yuting Wang, Yong-Feng Ma, Domingo Muñoz-Esparza, Cathy W. Y. Li, Mary Barth, Tao Wang, and Guy P. Brasseur
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 3531–3553, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3531-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3531-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Large-eddy simulations (LESs) were performed in the mountainous region of the island of Hong Kong to investigate the degree to which the rates of chemical reactions between two reactive species are reduced due to the segregation of species within the convective boundary layer. We show that the inhomogeneity in emissions plays an important role in the segregation effect. Topography also has a significant influence on the segregation locally.
Yujiao Zhu, Likun Xue, Jian Gao, Jianmin Chen, Hongyong Li, Yong Zhao, Zhaoxin Guo, Tianshu Chen, Liang Wen, Penggang Zheng, Ye Shan, Xinfeng Wang, Tao Wang, Xiaohong Yao, and Wenxing Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 1305–1323, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-1305-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-1305-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This work investigates the long-term changes in new particle formation (NPF) events under reduced SO2 emissions at the summit of Mt. Tai during seven campaigns from 2007 to 2018. We found the NPF intensity increased 2- to 3-fold in 2018 compared to 2007. In contrast, the probability of new particles growing to CCN size largely decreased. Changes to biogenic VOCs and anthropogenic emissions are proposed to explain the distinct NPF characteristics.
Chao Peng, Yu Wang, Zhijun Wu, Lanxiadi Chen, Ru-Jin Huang, Weigang Wang, Zhe Wang, Weiwei Hu, Guohua Zhang, Maofa Ge, Min Hu, Xinming Wang, and Mingjin Tang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 13877–13903, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-13877-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-13877-2020, 2020
Zhenhao Ling, Qianqian Xie, Min Shao, Zhe Wang, Tao Wang, Hai Guo, and Xuemei Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 11451–11467, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-11451-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-11451-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The observation data from a receptor site in the Pearl River Delta region were analyzed by a photochemical box model with near-explicit chemical mechanisms (i.e., the Master Chemical Mechanism, MCM), improvements with reversible and irreversible heterogeneous processes of glyoxal and methylglyoxal, and the gas-particle partitioning of oxidation products in the present study.
Cited articles
Berresheim, H., Elste, T., Plass-Dülmer, C., Eiseleb, F. L., and Tannerb, D. J.: Chemical ionization mass spectrometer for long-term measurements of atmospheric OH and H2SO4, Int. J. Mass Spectrom., 202, 91–109, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1387-3806(00)00233-5, 2000.
Berresheim, H., Elste, T., Tremmel, H. G., Allen, A. G., Hansson, H.-C., Rosman, K., Dal Maso, M., Mäkelä, J. M., Kulmala, M., and O'Dowd, C.
D.: Gas-aerosol relationships of H2SO4, MSA, and OH: Observations
in the coastal marine boundary layer at Mace Head, Ireland, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 107, PAR 5-1–PAR 5-12, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JD000229, 2002.
Berresheim, H., Plass-Dülmer, C., Elste, T., Mihalopoulos, N., and Rohrer, F.: OH in the coastal boundary layer of Crete during MINOS: Measurements and relationship with ozone photolysis, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 3, 639–649, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-3-639-2003, 2003.
Brune, W. H., Miller, D. O., Thames, A. B., Allen, H. M., Apel, E. C., Blake, D. R., Bui, T. P., Commane, R., Crounse, J. D., Daube, B. C., Diskin, G. S., DiGangi, J. P., Elkins, J. W., Hall, S. R., Hanisco, T. F., Hannun, R. A., Hintsa, E. J., Hornbrook, R. S., Kim, M. J., McKain, K., Moore, F. L., Neuman, J. A., Nicely, J. M., Peischl, J., Ryerson, T. B., St. Clair, J. M., Sweeney, C., Teng, A. P., Thompson, C., Ullmann, K., Veres, P. R., Wennberg, P. O., and Wolfe, G. M.: Exploring Oxidation in the Remote Free Troposphere: Insights From Atmospheric Tomography (ATom), J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 125, 1–17, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD031685, 2020.
Carslaw, N., Creasey, D. J., Heard, D. E., Lewis, A. C., McQuaid, J. B.,
Pilling, M. J., Monks, P. S., Bandy, B. J., and Penkett, S. A.: Modeling OH,
HO2, and RO2 radicals in the marine boundary layer: 1. Model
construction and comparison with field measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 104,
30241–30255, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JD900783, 1999.
Chen, Q., Xia, M., Peng, X., Yu, C., Sun, P., Li, Y., Liu, Y., Xu, Z., Xu,
Z., Wu, R., Nie, W., Ding, A., Zhao, Y., and Wang, T.: Large Daytime Molecular Chlorine Missing Source at a Suburban Site in East China, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 127, 1–19, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JD035796, 2022.
Chen, S., Ren, X., Mao, J., Chen, Z., Brune, W. H., Lefer, B., Rappenglück, B., Flynn, J., Olson, J., and Crawford, J. H.: A comparison of chemical mechanisms based on TRAMP-2006 field data, Atmos. Environ., 44, 4116–4125, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.05.027, 2010.
Creasey, D. J., Evans, G. E., and Heard, D. E.: Measurements of OH and HO2 concentrations in the Southern Ocean marine boundary layer, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4475, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD003206, 2003.
Dubey, M. K., Hanisco, T. F., Wennberg, P. O., and Anderson, J. G.: Monitoring potential photochemical interference in laser-induced fluorescence Measurements of atmospheric OH, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 3215–3218, https://doi.org/10.1029/96GL03008, 1996.
Eisele, F. L. and Tanner, D. J.: Ion-assisted tropospheric OH measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 9295, https://doi.org/10.1029/91JD00198, 1991.
Eisele, F. L. and Tanner, D. J.: Measurement of the gas phase concentration of H2SO4 and methane sulfonic acid and estimates of H2SO4 production and loss in the atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 98, 9001–9010, https://doi.org/10.1029/93JD00031, 1993.
Feiner, P. A., Brune, W. H., Miller, D. O., Zhang, L., Cohen, R. C., Romer,
P. S., Goldstein, A. H., Keutsch, F. N., Skog, K. M., Wennberg, P. O., Nguyen, T. B., Teng, A. P., DeGouw, J., Koss, A., Wild, R. J., Brown, S. S.,
Guenther, A., Edgerton, E., Baumann, K., and Fry, J. L.: Testing Atmospheric
Oxidation in an Alabama Forest, J. Atmos. Sci., 73, 4699–4710, https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS-D-16-0044.1, 2016.
Fuchs, H., Albrecht, S., Acir, I., Bohn, B., Breitenlechner, M., Dorn, H.-P., Gkatzelis, G. I., Hofzumahaus, A., Holland, F., Kaminski, M., Keutsch, F. N., Novelli, A., Reimer, D., Rohrer, F., Tillmann, R., Vereecken, L., Wegener, R., Zaytsev, A., Kiendler-Scharr, A., and Wahner, A.: Investigation of the oxidation of methyl vinyl ketone (MVK) by OH radicals in the atmospheric simulation chamber SAPHIR, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 8001–8016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-8001-2018, 2018.
Griffith, S. M., Hansen, R. F., Dusanter, S., Michoud, V., Gilman, J. B.,
Kuster, W. C., Veres, P. R., Graus, M., Gouw, J. A., Roberts, J., Young, C.,
Washenfelder, R., Brown, S. S., Thalman, R., Waxman, E., Volkamer, R., Tsai,
C., Stutz, J., Flynn, J. H., Grossberg, N., Lefer, B., Alvarez, S. L.,
Rappenglueck, B., Mielke, L. H., Osthoff, H. D., and Stevens, P. S.: Measurements of hydroxyl and hydroperoxy radicals during CalNex-LA: Model
comparisons and radical budgets, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 121, 4211–4232,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JD024358, 2016.
Guo, J., Wang, Z., Wang, T., and Zhang, X.: Theoretical evaluation of different factors affecting the HO2 uptake coefficient driven by aqueous-phase first-order loss reaction, Sci. Total Environ., 683, 146–153, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.237, 2019.
Hansen, R. F., Griffith, S. M., Dusanter, S., Rickly, P. S., Stevens, P. S.,
Bertman, S. B., Carroll, M. A., Erickson, M. H., Flynn, J. H., Grossberg,
N., Jobson, B. T., Lefer, B. L., and Wallace, H. W.: Measurements of total
hydroxyl radical reactivity during CABINEX 2009 – Part 1: field measurements, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 2923–2937, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-2923-2014, 2014.
Hausmann, M., Brandenburger, U., Brauers, T., and Dorn, H.-P.: Detection of
tropospheric OH radicals by long-path differential-optical-absorption spectroscopy: Experimental setup, accuracy, and precision, J. Geophys. Res.,
102, 16011–16022, https://doi.org/10.1029/97JD00931, 1997.
Heard, D. E. and Pilling, M. J.: Measurement of OH and HO2 in the Troposphere, Chem. Rev., 103, 5163–5198, https://doi.org/10.1021/cr020522s, 2003.
Hens, K., Novelli, A., Martinez, M., Auld, J., Axinte, R., Bohn, B., Fischer, H., Keronen, P., Kubistin, D., Nölscher, A. C., Oswald, R., Paasonen, P., Petäjä, T., Regelin, E., Sander, R., Sinha, V., Sipilä, M., Taraborrelli, D., Tatum Ernest, C., Williams, J., Lelieveld, J., and Harder, H.: Observation and modelling of HOx radicals in a boreal forest, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 8723–8747, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-8723-2014, 2014.
Hofzumahaus, A., Rohrer, F., Lu, K., Bohn, B., Brauers, T., Chang, C.-C.,
Fuchs, H., Holland, F., Kita, K., Kondo, Y., Li, X., Lou, S., Shao, M., Zeng, L., Wahner, A., and Zhang, Y.: Amplified Trace Gas Removal in the Troposphere, Science, 324, 1702–1704, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1164566, 2009.
Jacob, D.: Heterogeneous chemistry and tropospheric ozone, Atmos. Environ., 34, 2131–2159, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00462-8, 2000.
Jenkin, M. E., Young, J. C., and Rickard, A. R.: The MCM v3.3.1 degradation
scheme for isoprene, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 11433–11459,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-11433-2015, 2015.
Jeong, D., Seco, R., Emmons, L., Schwantes, R., Liu, Y., McKinney, K. A.,
Martin, S. T., Keutsch, F. N., Gu, D., Guenther, A. B., Vega, O., Tota, J.,
Souza, R. A. F., Springston, S. R., Watson, T. B., and Kim, S.: Reconciling
Observed and Predicted Tropical Rainforest OH Concentrations, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 127, 1–18, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JD032901, 2022.
Kaiser, J., Skog, K. M., Baumann, K., Bertman, S. B., Brown, S. B., Brune,
W. H., Crounse, J. D., de Gouw, J. A., Edgerton, E. S., Feiner, P. A., Goldstein, A. H., Koss, A., Misztal, P. K., Nguyen, T. B., Olson, K. F., St.
Clair, J. M., Teng, A. P., Toma, S., Wennberg, P. O., Wild, R. J., Zhang, L., and Keutsch, F. N.: Speciation of OH reactivity above the canopy of an isoprene-dominated forest, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 9349–9359,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-9349-2016, 2016.
Kanaya, Y., Cao, R., Akimoto, H., Fukuda, M., Komazaki, Y., Yokouchi, Y.,
Koike, M., Tanimoto, H., Takegawa, N., and Kondo, Y.: Urban photochemistry
in central Tokyo: 1. Observed and modeled OH and HO2 radical concentrations during the winter and summer of 2004, J. Geophys. Res., 112,
D21312, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD008670, 2007.
Kukui, A., Legrand, M., Preunkert, S., Frey, M. M., Loisil, R., Gil Roca, J., Jourdain, B., King, M. D., France, J. L., and Ancellet, G.: Measurements of OH and RO2 radicals at Dome C, East Antarctica, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 12373–12392, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-12373-2014, 2014.
Kuyper, B., Wingrove, H., Lesch, T., Labuschagne, C., Say, D., Martin, D.,
Young, D., Khan, M. A. H., O'Doherty, S., Davies-Coleman, M. T., and Shallcross, D. E.: Atmospheric Toluene and Benzene Mole Fractions at Cape
Town and Cape Point and an Estimation of the Hydroxyl Radical Concentrations
in the Air above the Cape Peninsula, South Africa, ACS Earth Space Chem., 4,
24–34, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.9b00207, 2020.
Lelieveld, J., Butler, T. M., Crowley, J. N., Dillon, T. J., Fischer, H.,
Ganzeveld, L., Harder, H., Lawrence, M. G., Martinez, M., Taraborrelli, D.,
and Williams, J.: Atmospheric oxidation capacity sustained by a tropical
forest, Nature, 452, 737–740, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature06870, 2008.
Lew, M. M., Rickly, P. S., Bottorff, B. P., Reidy, E., Sklaveniti, S.,
Léonardis, T., Locoge, N., Dusanter, S., Kundu, S., Wood, E., and Stevens, P. S.: OH and HO2 radical chemistry in a midlatitude forest:
measurements and model comparisons, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 9209–9230, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-9209-2020, 2020.
Li, Z., Xue, L., Yang, X., Zha, Q., Tham, Y. J., Yan, C., Louie, P. K. K.,
Luk, C. W. Y., Wang, T., and Wang, W.: Oxidizing capacity of the rural atmosphere in Hong Kong, Southern China, Sci. Total Environ., 612, 1114–1122, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.310, 2018.
Lou, S., Holland, F., Rohrer, F., Lu, K., Bohn, B., Brauers, T., Chang, C. C., Fuchs, H., Häseler, R., Kita, K., Kondo, Y., Li, X., Shao, M., Zeng, L., Wahner, A., Zhang, Y., Wang, W., and Hofzumahaus, A.: Atmospheric OH
reactivities in the Pearl River Delta – China in summer 2006: measurement
and model results, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 11243–11260,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-11243-2010, 2010.
Lu, K., Guo, S., Tan, Z., Wang, H., Shang, D., Liu, Y., Li, X., Wu, Z., Hu, M., and Zhang, Y.: Exploring atmospheric free-radical chemistry in China:
the self-cleansing capacity and the formation of secondary air pollution,
Natl. Sci. Rev., 6, 579–594, https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwy073, 2019.
Lu, K. D., Rohrer, F., Holland, F., Fuchs, H., Bohn, B., Brauers, T., Chang,
C. C., Häseler, R., Hu, M., Kita, K., Kondo, Y., Li, X., Lou, S. R., Nehr, S., Shao, M., Zeng, L. M., Wahner, A., Zhang, Y. H., and Hofzumahaus,
A.: Observation and modelling of OH and HO2 concentrations in the Pearl
River Delta 2006: a missing OH source in a VOC rich atmosphere, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 1541–1569, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-1541-2012, 2012.
Lu, K. D., Hofzumahaus, A., Holland, F., Bohn, B., Brauers, T., Fuchs, H., Hu, M., Häseler, R., Kita, K., Kondo, Y., Li, X., Lou, S. R., Oebel, A.,
Shao, M., Zeng, L. M., Wahner, A., Zhu, T., Zhang, Y. H., and Rohrer, F.:
Missing OH source in a suburban environment near Beijing: observed and
modelled OH and HO2 concentrations in summer 2006, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 1057–1080, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-1057-2013, 2013.
Ma, X., Tan, Z., Lu, K., Yang, X., Liu, Y., Li, S., Li, X., Chen, S., Novelli, A., Cho, C., Zeng, L., Wahner, A., and Zhang, Y.: Winter photochemistry in Beijing: Observation and model simulation of OH and HO2 radicals at an urban site, Sci. Total Environ., 685, 85–95,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.329, 2019.
Mao, J., Ren, X., Zhang, L., Van Duin, D. M., Cohen, R. C., Park, J.-H.,
Goldstein, A. H., Paulot, F., Beaver, M. R., Crounse, J. D., Wennberg, P. O., DiGangi, J. P., Henry, S. B., Keutsch, F. N., Park, C., Schade, G. W., Wolfe, G. M., Thornton, J. A., and Brune, W. H.: Insights into hydroxyl measurements and atmospheric oxidation in a California forest, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 8009–8020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-8009-2012, 2012.
Mauldin III, R., Kosciuch, E., Eisele, F., Huey, G., Tanner, D., Sjostedt, S., Blake, D., Chen, G., Crawford, J., and Davis, D.: South Pole Antarctica
observations and modeling results: New insights on HOx radical and
sulfur chemistry, Atmos. Environ., 44, 572–581, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.07.058, 2010.
Mauldin III, R. L., Eisele, F. L., Cantrell, C. A., Kosciuch, E., Ridley, B.
A., Lefer, B., Tanner, D. J., Nowak, J. B., Chen, G., Wang, L., and Davis,
D.: Measurements of OH aboard the NASA P-3 during PEM-Tropics B, J. Geophys.
Res., 106, 32657–32666, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JD900832, 2001.
McKeen, S. A., Mount, G., Eisele, F., Williams, E., Harder, J., Goldan, P.,
Kuster, W., Liu, S. C., Baumann, K., Tanner, D., Fried, A., Sewell, S., Cantrell, C., and Shetter, R.: Photochemical modeling of hydroxyl and its
relationship to other species during the Tropospheric OH Photochemistry
Experiment, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 6467–6493, https://doi.org/10.1029/96JD03322, 1997.
Nie, W., Yan, C., Huang, D. D., Wang, Z., Liu, Y., Qiao, X., Guo, Y., Tian, L., Zheng, P., Xu, Z., Li, Y., Xu, Z., Qi, X., Sun, P., Wang, J., Zheng, F.,
Li, X., Yin, R., Dallenbach, K. R., Bianchi, F., Petäjä, T., Zhang,
Y., Wang, M., Schervish, M., Wang, S., Qiao, L., Wang, Q., Zhou, M., Wang,
H., Yu, C., Yao, D., Guo, H., Ye, P., Lee, S., Li, Y. J., Liu, Y., Chi, X.,
Kerminen, V.-M., Ehn, M., Donahue, N. M., Wang, T., Huang, C., Kulmala, M.,
Worsnop, D., Jiang, J., and Ding, A.: Secondary organic aerosol formed by
condensing anthropogenic vapours over China's megacities, Nat. Geosci., 15,
255–261, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-022-00922-5, 2022.
Novelli, A., Hens, K., Tatum Ernest, C., Kubistin, D., Regelin, E., Elste,
T., Plass-Dülmer, C., Martinez, M., Lelieveld, J., and Harder, H.:
Characterisation of an inlet pre-injector laser-induced fluorescence
instrument for the measurement of atmospheric hydroxyl radicals, Atmos.
Meas. Tech., 7, 3413–3430, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-3413-2014, 2014.
Novelli, A., Vereecken, L., Bohn, B., Dorn, H.-P., Gkatzelis, G. I.,
Hofzumahaus, A., Holland, F., Reimer, D., Rohrer, F., Rosanka, S., Taraborrelli, D., Tillmann, R., Wegener, R., Yu, Z., Kiendler-Scharr, A.,
Wahner, A., and Fuchs, H.: Importance of isomerization reactions for OH
radical regeneration from the photo-oxidation of isoprene investigated in
the atmospheric simulation chamber SAPHIR, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 3333–3355, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-3333-2020, 2020.
Peng, X., Wang, T., Wang, W., Ravishankara, A. R., George, C., Xia, M., Cai,
M., Li, Q., Salvador, C. M., Lau, C., Lyu, X., Poon, C. N., Mellouki, A.,
Mu, Y., Hallquist, M., Saiz-Lopez, A., Guo, H., Herrmann, H., Yu, C., Dai,
J., Wang, Y., Wang, X., Yu, A., Leung, K., Lee, S., and Chen, J.: Photodissociation of particulate nitrate as a source of daytime tropospheric
Cl2, Nat. Commun., 13, 939, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-28383-9, 2022.
Rohrer, F. and Berresheim, H.: Strong correlation between levels of
tropospheric hydroxyl radicals and solar ultraviolet radiation, Nature, 442,
184–187, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04924, 2006.
Rohrer, F., Lu, K., Hofzumahaus, A., Bohn, B., Brauers, T., Chang, C.-C.,
Fuchs, H., Häseler, R., Holland, F., Hu, M., Kita, K., Kondo, Y., Li,
X., Lou, S., Oebel, A., Shao, M., Zeng, L., Zhu, T., Zhang, Y., and Wahner,
A.: Maximum efficiency in the hydroxyl-radical-based self-cleansing of the
troposphere, Nat. Geosci., 7, 559–563, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2199, 2014.
Shirley, T. R., Brune, W. H., Ren, X., Mao, J., Lesher, R., Cardenas, B., Volkamer, R., Molina, L. T., Molina, M. J., Lamb, B., Velasco, E., Jobson, T., and Alexander, M.: Atmospheric oxidation in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) during April 2003, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 2753–2765, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-2753-2006, 2006.
Slater, E. J., Whalley, L. K., Woodward-Massey, R., Ye, C., Lee, J. D.,
Squires, F., Hopkins, J. R., Dunmore, R. E., Shaw, M., Hamilton, J. F.,
Lewis, A. C., Crilley, L. R., Kramer, L., Bloss, W., Vu, T., Sun, Y., Xu,
W., Yue, S., Ren, L., Acton, W. J. F., Hewitt, C. N., Wang, X., Fu, P., and
Heard, D. E.: Elevated levels of OH observed in haze events during
wintertime in central Beijing, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 14847–14871, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-14847-2020, 2020.
Sommariva, R., Haggerstone, A.-L., Carpenter, L. J., Carslaw, N., Creasey, D. J., Heard, D. E., Lee, J. D., Lewis, A. C., Pilling, M. J., and Zádor, J.: OH and HO2 chemistry in clean marine air during SOAPEX-2, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 4, 839–856, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-4-839-2004, 2004.
Stone, D., Evans, M. J., Edwards, P. M., Commane, R., Ingham, T., Rickard,
A. R., Brookes, D. M., Hopkins, J., Leigh, R. J., Lewis, A. C., Monks, P.
S., Oram, D., Reeves, C. E., Stewart, D., and Heard, D. E.: Isoprene oxidation mechanisms: measurements and modelling of OH and HO2 over a
South-East Asian tropical rainforest during the OP3 field campaign,
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 6749–6771, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-6749-2011, 2011.
Stone, D., Whalley, L. K., and Heard, D. E.: Tropospheric OH and HO2
radicals: field measurements and model comparisons, Chem. Soc. Rev., 41,
6348, https://doi.org/10.1039/c2cs35140d, 2012.
Tan, D., Faloona, I., Simpas, J. B., Brune, W., Shepson, P. B., Couch, T. L., Sumner, A. L., Carroll, M. A., Thornberry, T., Apel, E., Riemer, D., and
Stockwell, W.: HOx budgets in a deciduous forest: Results from the PROPHET summer 1998 campaign, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 24407–24427,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD900016, 2001.
Tan, Z., Fuchs, H., Lu, K., Hofzumahaus, A., Bohn, B., Broch, S., Dong, H.,
Gomm, S., Häseler, R., He, L., Holland, F., Li, X., Liu, Y., Lu, S.,
Rohrer, F., Shao, M., Wang, B., Wang, M., Wu, Y., Zeng, L., Zhang, Y., Wahner, A., and Zhang, Y.: Radical chemistry at a rural site (Wangdu) in the
North China Plain: observation and model calculations of OH, HO2 and
RO2 radicals, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 663–690,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-663-2017, 2017.
Tan, Z., Rohrer, F., Lu, K., Ma, X., Bohn, B., Broch, S., Dong, H., Fuchs,
H., Gkatzelis, G. I., Hofzumahaus, A., Holland, F., Li, X., Liu, Y., Liu,
Y., Novelli, A., Shao, M., Wang, H., Wu, Y., Zeng, L., Hu, M., Kiendler-Scharr, A., Wahner, A., and Zhang, Y.: Wintertime photochemistry in
Beijing: observations of ROx radical concentrations in the North China
Plain during the BEST-ONE campaign, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 12391–12411, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-12391-2018, 2018.
Tan, Z., Lu, K., Hofzumahaus, A., Fuchs, H., Bohn, B., Holland, F., Liu, Y.,
Rohrer, F., Shao, M., Sun, K., Wu, Y., Zeng, L., Zhang, Y., Zou, Q., Kiendler-Scharr, A., Wahner, A., and Zhang, Y.: Experimental budgets of OH,
HO2, and RO2 radicals and implications for ozone formation in the
Pearl River Delta in China 2014, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 7129–7150, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-7129-2019, 2019.
Tang, J. H., Chan, L. Y., Chan, C. Y., Li, Y. S., Chang, C. C., Wang, X. M.,
Zou, S. C., Barletta, B., Blake, D. R., and Wu, D.: Implications of changing
urban and rural emissions on non-methane hydrocarbons in the Pearl River
Delta region of China, Atmos. Environ., 42, 3780–3794,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.12.069, 2008.
Tanner, D. J. and Eisele, F. L.: Present OH measurement limits and associated uncertainties, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 2883, https://doi.org/10.1029/94JD02609, 1995.
Tanner, D. J., Jefferson, A., and Eisele, F. L.: Selected ion chemical ionization mass spectrometric measurement of OH, J. Geophys. Res., 102,
6415–6425, https://doi.org/10.1029/96JD03919, 1997.
Thames, A. B., Brune, W. H., Miller, D. O., Allen, H. M., Apel, E. C., Blake, D. R., Bui, T. P., Commane, R., Crounse, J. D., Daube, B. C., Diskin, G. S., DiGangi, J. P., Elkins, J. W., Hall, S. R., Hanisco, T. F., Hannun, R. A., Hintsa, E., Hornbrook, R. S., Kim, M. J., McKain, K., Moore, F. L., Nicely, J. M., Peischl, J., Ryerson, T. B., St. Clair, J. M., Sweeney, C., Teng, A., Thompson, C. R., Ullmann, K., Wennberg, P. O., and Wolfe, G. M.: Missing OH reactivity in the global marine boundary layer, Atmos. Chem Phys., 20, 4013–4029, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-4013-2020, 2020.
Walker, H. L., Heal, M. R., Braban, C. F., Whalley, L. K., and Twigg, M. M.:
Evaluation of local measurement-driven adjustments of modelled cloud-free
atmospheric photolysis rate coefficients, Environ. Sci. Atmos., 2, 1411–1427, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2EA00072E, 2022.
Wang, F., Hu, R., Chen, H., Xie, P., Wang, Y., Li, Z., Jin, H., Liu, J., and
Liu, W.: Development of a field system for measurement of tropospheric OH
radical using laser-induced fluorescence technique, Opt. Express, 27, A419,
https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.27.00A419, 2019.
Wang, G., Iradukunda, Y., Shi, G., Sanga, P., Niu, X., and Wu, Z.: Hydroxyl,
hydroperoxyl free radicals determination methods in atmosphere and troposphere, J. Environ. Sci., 99, 324–335, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2020.06.038, 2021.
Wang, T., Dai, J., Lam, K. S., Nan Poon, C., and Brasseur, G. P.: Twenty-Five Years of Lower Tropospheric Ozone Observations in Tropical East Asia: The Influence of Emissions and Weather Patterns, Geophys. Res. Lett., 46, 11463–11470, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL084459, 2019.
Wang, Y., Hu, R., Xie, P., Chen, H., Wang, F., Liu, X., Liu, J., and Liu, W.: Measurement of tropospheric HO2 radical using fluorescence assay by gas expansion with low interferences, J. Environ. Sci., 99, 40–50, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2020.06.010, 2021.
Wang, Y. Q.: MeteoInfo: GIS software for meteorological data visualization and analysis: Meteorological GIS software, Meteorol. Appl., 21, 360–368,
https://doi.org/10.1002/met.1345, 2014.
Wang, Y. Q.: An Open Source Software Suite for Multi-Dimensional Meteorological Data Computation and Visualisation, J. Open Res. Softw., 7, 21, https://doi.org/10.5334/jors.267, 2019.
Wennberg, P. O., Bates, K. H., Crounse, J. D., Dodson, L. G., McVay, R. C.,
Mertens, L. A., Nguyen, T. B., Praske, E., Schwantes, R. H., Smarte, M. D.,
St Clair, J. M., Teng, A. P., Zhang, X., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Gas-Phase
Reactions of Isoprene and Its Major Oxidation Products, Chem. Rev., 118, 3337–3390, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00439, 2018.
Whalley, L. K., Edwards, P. M., Furneaux, K. L., Goddard, A., Ingham, T.,
Evans, M. J., Stone, D., Hopkins, J. R., Jones, C. E., Karunaharan, A., Lee,
J. D., Lewis, A. C., Monks, P. S., Moller, S. J., and Heard, D. E.: Quantifying the magnitude of a missing hydroxyl radical source in a tropical
rainforest, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 7223–7233,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-7223-2011, 2011.
Whalley, L. K., Stone, D., Dunmore, R., Hamilton, J., Hopkins, J. R., Lee,
J. D., Lewis, A. C., Williams, P., Kleffmann, J., Laufs, S., Woodward-Massey, R., and Heard, D. E.: Understanding in situ ozone production in the summertime through radical observations and modelling studies during the Clean air for London project (ClearfLo), Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 2547–2571, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-2547-2018, 2018.
Wolfe, G. M., Marvin, M. R., Roberts, S. J., Travis, K. R., and Liao, J.: The Framework for 0-D Atmospheric Modeling (F0AM) v3.1, Geosci. Model Dev., 9, 3309–3319, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-3309-2016, 2016.
Woodward-Massey, R., Slater, E. J., Alen, J., Ingham, T., Cryer, D. R.,
Stimpson, L. M., Ye, C., Seakins, P. W., Whalley, L. K., and Heard, D. E.:
Implementation of a chemical background method for atmospheric OH measurements by laser-induced fluorescence: characterisation and observations from the UK and China, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 3119–3146, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-3119-2020, 2020.
Xia, M., Wang, T., Wang, Z., Chen, Y., Peng, X., Huo, Y., Wang, W., Yuan,
Q., Jiang, Y., Guo, H., Lau, C., Leung, K., Yu, A., and Lee, S.: Pollution-Derived Br2 Boosts Oxidation Power of the Coastal Atmosphere,
Environ. Sci. Technol., 56, 12055–12065, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.2c02434, 2022.
Xiao, Y., Jacob, D. J., and Turquety, S.: Atmospheric acetylene and its
relationship with CO as an indicator of air mass age, J. Geophys. Res., 112,
D12305, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD008268, 2007.
Yang, X., Lu, K., Ma, X., Gao, Y., Tan, Z., Wang, H., Chen, X., Li, X., Huang, X., He, L., Tang, M., Zhu, B., Chen, S., Dong, H., Zeng, L., and Zhang, Y.: Radical chemistry in the Pearl River Delta: observations and modeling of OH and HO2 radicals in Shenzhen in 2018, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 12525–12542, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12525-2022, 2022.
Yang, Y., Shao, M., Wang, X., Nölscher, A. C., Kessel, S., Guenther, A.,
and Williams, J.: Towards a quantitative understanding of total OH reactivity: A review, Atmos. Environ., 134, 147–161,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.03.010, 2016.
Yao, T., Fung, J. C. H., Ma, H., Lau, A. K. H., Chan, P. W., Yu, J. Z., and
Xue, J.: Enhancement in secondary particulate matter production due to mountain trapping, Atmos. Res., 147–148, 227–236, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2014.05.007, 2014.
Short summary
We present OH observation and model simulation results at a coastal site in Hong Kong. The model predicted the OH concentration under high-NOx well but overpredicted it under low-NOx conditions. This implies an insufficient understanding of OH chemistry under low-NOx conditions. We show evidence of missing OH sinks as a possible cause of the overprediction.
We present OH observation and model simulation results at a coastal site in Hong Kong. The model...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint