Articles | Volume 23, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-41-2023
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-41-2023
Research article
 | 
03 Jan 2023
Research article |  | 03 Jan 2023

Chloride (HCl ∕ Cl) dominates inorganic aerosol formation from ammonia in the Indo-Gangetic Plain during winter: modeling and comparison with observations

Pooja V. Pawar, Sachin D. Ghude, Gaurav Govardhan, Prodip Acharja, Rachana Kulkarni, Rajesh Kumar, Baerbel Sinha, Vinayak Sinha, Chinmay Jena, Preeti Gunwani, Tapan Kumar Adhya, Eiko Nemitz, and Mark A. Sutton

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Cited articles

Acharja, P., Ali, K., Trivedi, D. K., Safai, P. D., Ghude, S., Prabhakaran, T., and Rajeevan, M.: Characterization of atmospheric trace gases and water soluble inorganic chemical ions of PM1 and PM2.5 at Indira Gandhi International Airport, New Delhi during 2017–18 winter, Sci. Total Environ., 729, 138800, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138800, 2020. 
Acharja, P., Ali, K., Ghude, S. D., Sinha, V., Sinha, B., Kulkarni, R., Gultepe, I., and Nair, M.: Chemosphere Enhanced secondary aerosol formation driven by excess ammonia during fog episodes, Chemosphere, 289, 133155, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133155, 2021. 
Ali, K., Acharja, P., Trivedi, D. K., Kulkarni, R., Pithani, P., Safai, P. D., Chate, D. M., Ghude, S., Jenamani, R. K., and Rajeevan, M.: Characterization and source identification of PM2.5 and its chemical and carbonaceous constituents during Winter Fog Experiment 2015–16 at Indira Gandhi International Airport, Delhi, Sci. Total Environ., 662, 687–696, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.285, 2019. 
Aneja, V. P., Murray, G. C., and Southerland, J.: Atmospheric nitrogen compounds: Emissions, transport, transformation, deposition, and assessment, EM Air Waste Manag. Assoc. Mag. Environ. Manag., 22–25, 1998. 
Behera, S. N., Sharma, M., Aneja, V. P., and Balasubramanian, R.: Ammonia in the atmosphere: a review on emission sources, atmospheric chemistry and deposition on terrestrial bodies, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 20, 8092–8131, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-013-2051-9, 2013. 
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In this study, for the first time in South Asia we compare simulated ammonia, ammonium, and total ammonia using the WRF-Chem model and MARGA measurements during winter in the Indo-Gangetic Plain region. Since observations show HCl promotes the fraction of high chlorides in Delhi, we added HCl / Cl emissions to the model. We conducted three sensitivity experiments with changes in HCl emissions, and improvements are reported in accurately simulating ammonia, ammonium, and total ammonia.
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