Articles | Volume 22, issue 13
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8787-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8787-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
08 Jul 2022
Research article |
| 08 Jul 2022
| 08 Jul 2022
Evolution of turbulent kinetic energy during the entire sandstorm process
Hongyou Liu
Center for Particle-laden Turbulence, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
Yanxiong Shi
Center for Particle-laden Turbulence, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
Xiaojing Zheng
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Center for Particle-laden Turbulence, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
Related authors
No articles found.
Xuebo Li, Yongxiang Huang, Guohua Wang, and Xiaojing Zheng
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 5819–5830, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-5819-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-5819-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
High-frequency observatory data (50 Hz 3D wind velocity, 50 Hz temperature and 1 Hz PM10) for studying the features of the fluid and dust field during sand and dust storms were presented. It is anticipated that data collected in this work will be of utility not only specifically for the boundary layer community in building a model for sand and dust storms but also broadly for communities studying the exchange of the dust and fluid field and energy transfer for the particle-laden two-phase flow.
Related subject area
Subject: Dynamics | Research Activity: Field Measurements | Altitude Range: Troposphere | Science Focus: Physics (physical properties and processes)
A change in the relation between the Subtropical Indian Ocean Dipole and the South Atlantic Ocean Dipole indices in the past four decades
Dependency of vertical velocity variance on meteorological conditions in the convective boundary layer
Characterising the dynamic movement of thunderstorms using very low- and low-frequency (VLF/LF) total lightning data over the Pearl River Delta region
Seasonal updraft speeds change cloud droplet number concentrations in low-level clouds over the western North Atlantic
The effect of ice supersaturation and thin cirrus on lapse rates in the upper troposphere
Momentum fluxes from airborne wind measurements in three cumulus cases over land
Triggering effects of large topography and boundary layer turbulence over the Tibetan Plateau on convection
Orographically induced spontaneous imbalance within the jet causing a large-scale gravity wave event
Exploring the elevated water vapor signal associated with the free tropospheric biomass burning plume over the southeast Atlantic Ocean
Opinion: Gigacity – a source of problems or the new way to sustainable development
The thermodynamic structures of the planetary boundary layer dominated by synoptic circulations and the regular effect on air pollution in Beijing
Turbulent and boundary layer characteristics during VOCALS-REx
A foehn-induced haze front in Beijing: observations and implications
Airborne measurements and large-eddy simulations of small-scale gravity waves at the tropopause inversion layer over Scandinavia
Observational analysis of the daily cycle of the planetary boundary layer in the central Amazon during a non-El Niño year and El Niño year (GoAmazon project 2014/5)
Planetary boundary layer evolution over the Amazon rainforest in episodes of deep moist convection at the Amazon Tall Tower Observatory
Dominant patterns of summer ozone pollution in eastern China and associated atmospheric circulations
What controls the formation of nocturnal low-level stratus clouds over southern West Africa during the monsoon season?
Recent trends in climate variability at the local scale using 40 years of observations: the case of the Paris region of France
Nocturnal boundary layer turbulence regimes analysis during the BLLAST campaign
Low-level stratiform clouds and dynamical features observed within the southern West African monsoon
Residual layer ozone, mixing, and the nocturnal jet in California's San Joaquin Valley
From weak to intense downslope winds: origin, interaction with boundary-layer turbulence and impact on CO2 variability
On the fine vertical structure of the low troposphere over the coastal margins of East Antarctica
Spatial and temporal variability of turbulence dissipation rate in complex terrain
Characterizing wind gusts in complex terrain
Long-term trends of instability and associated parameters over the Indian region obtained using a radiosonde network
Implication of tropical lower stratospheric cooling in recent trends in tropical circulation and deep convective activity
The observed diurnal cycle of low-level stratus clouds over southern West Africa: a case study
Nocturnal low-level clouds in the atmospheric boundary layer over southern West Africa: an observation-based analysis of conditions and processes
Characteristics and evolution of diurnal foehn events in the Dead Sea valley
High tropospheric ozone in Lhasa within the Asian summer monsoon anticyclone in 2013: influence of convective transport and stratospheric intrusions
Anthropogenic and natural drivers of a strong winter urban heat island in a typical Arctic city
A comparison of plume rise algorithms to stack plume measurements in the Athabasca oil sands
Upscaling surface energy fluxes over the North Slope of Alaska using airborne eddy-covariance measurements and environmental response functions
Climatological study of the Boundary-layer air Stagnation Index for China and its relationship with air pollution
Self-organized classification of boundary layer meteorology and associated characteristics of air quality in Beijing
The strengthening relationship between Eurasian snow cover and December haze days in central North China after the mid-1990s
Observational analyses of dramatic developments of a severe air pollution event in the Beijing area
The meteorology and chemistry of high nitrogen oxide concentrations in the stable boundary layer at the South Pole
Mountain waves modulate the water vapor distribution in the UTLS
Retrieving characteristics of inertia gravity wave parameters with least uncertainties using the hodograph method
In situ temperature measurements in the upper troposphere and lowermost stratosphere from 2 decades of IAGOS long-term routine observation
A meteorological and chemical overview of the DACCIWA field campaign in West Africa in June–July 2016
Investigation of the mixing layer height derived from ceilometer measurements in the Kathmandu Valley and implications for local air quality
Air stagnation in China (1985–2014): climatological mean features and trends
Modes of vertical thermodynamic and wind variability over the Maritime Continent
Diurnal variability of the atmospheric boundary layer height over a tropical station in the Indian monsoon region
The open-ocean sensible heat flux and its significance for Arctic boundary layer mixing during early fall
Controlled meteorological (CMET) free balloon profiling of the Arctic atmospheric boundary layer around Spitsbergen compared to ERA-Interim and Arctic System Reanalyses
Lejiang Yu, Shiyuan Zhong, Timo Vihma, Cuijuan Sui, and Bo Sun
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 345–353, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-345-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-345-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Previous studies have noted a significant relationship between the Subtropical Indian Ocean Dipole and the South Atlantic Ocean Dipole indices, but little is known about the stability of their relationship. We found a significant positive correlation between the two indices prior to the year 2000 but an insignificant correlation afterwards.
Noviana Dewani, Mirjana Sakradzija, Linda Schlemmer, Ronny Leinweber, and Juerg Schmidli
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-543, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-543, 2022
Revised manuscript accepted for ACP
Short summary
Short summary
A high daily variability of the normalized vertical velocity variance profiles in the convective boundary layer is observed using Doppler lidars data during the FESSTVaL campaign 2020/21. The dependency of the normalized vertical velocity variance on several meteorological parameters explains that the moisture processes in the boundary layer contribute to the remaining variability. The finding suggests that a new vertical velocity scale that takes moist processes into account has to be defined.
Si Cheng, Jianguo Wang, Li Cai, Mi Zhou, Rui Su, Yijun Huang, and Quanxin Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 10045–10059, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10045-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10045-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This paper helps to improve the recognition of severe thunderstorms in advance by giving a general understanding of how long the storm lasts, how fast the cluster moves and how much area the storm affects via information about the kinematic features of thunderstorms, which are the duration, valid area, the velocity, the direction and the farthest distance, and ideally to establish a foundation for future research that may contribute to the development of a new or improved prediction paradigm.
Simon Kirschler, Christiane Voigt, Bruce Anderson, Ramon Campos Braga, Gao Chen, Andrea F. Corral, Ewan Crosbie, Hossein Dadashazar, Richard A. Ferrare, Valerian Hahn, Johannes Hendricks, Stefan Kaufmann, Richard Moore, Mira L. Pöhlker, Claire Robinson, Amy J. Scarino, Dominik Schollmayer, Michael A. Shook, K. Lee Thornhill, Edward Winstead, Luke D. Ziemba, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 8299–8319, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8299-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8299-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In this study we show that the vertical velocity dominantly impacts the cloud droplet number concentration (NC) of low-level clouds over the western North Atlantic in the winter and summer season, while the cloud condensation nuclei concentration, aerosol size distribution and chemical composition impact NC within a season. The observational data presented in this study can evaluate and improve the representation of aerosol–cloud interactions for a wide range of conditions.
Klaus Gierens, Lena Wilhelm, Sina Hofer, and Susanne Rohs
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 7699–7712, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7699-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7699-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We are interested in the prediction of condensation trails, in particular strong ones. For this we need a good forecast of temperature and humidity in the levels where aircraft cruise. Unfortunately, the humidity forecast is quite difficult for these levels, in particular the ice supersaturation, which is needed for long-lasting contrails. We are thus seeking proxy variables that help distinguish situations where strong contrails can form, for instance the lapse rate.
Ada Mariska Koning, Louise Nuijens, and Christian Mallaun
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 7373–7388, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7373-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7373-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Wind measurements from the mixed layer to cloud tops are scarce, causing a lack of knowledge on wind mixing between and within these layers. We use airborne observations of wind profiles and local wind at high frequency to study wind transport in cloud fields. A case with thick clouds had its maximum transport in the cloud layer, caused by eddies > 700 m, which was not expected from turbulence theory. In other cases large eddies undid transport of smaller eddies resulting in no net transport.
Xiangde Xu, Yi Tang, Yinjun Wang, Hongshen Zhang, and Mingyu Zhou
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-221, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-221, 2022
Revised manuscript accepted for ACP
Short summary
Short summary
The vertical motion over the TP is associated with the anomalous convective activities. The diurnal variations and formation mechanism of low clouds over the TP and low elevation regions are analyzed. We further discuss whether there exists “high efficiency” triggering mechanism for convection over the TP, and whether there is an association among low air density, and strong turbulence and ubiquitous popcorn like cumulus clouds.
Markus Geldenhuys, Peter Preusse, Isabell Krisch, Christoph Zülicke, Jörn Ungermann, Manfred Ern, Felix Friedl-Vallon, and Martin Riese
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 10393–10412, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10393-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10393-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
A large-scale gravity wave (GW) was observed spanning the whole of Greenland. The GWs proposed in this paper come from a new jet–topography mechanism. The topography compresses the flow and triggers a change in u- and
v-wind components. The jet becomes out of geostrophic balance and sheds energy in the form of GWs to restore the balance. This topography–jet interaction was not previously considered by the community, rendering the impact of the gravity waves largely unaccounted for.
Kristina Pistone, Paquita Zuidema, Robert Wood, Michael Diamond, Arlindo M. da Silva, Gonzalo Ferrada, Pablo E. Saide, Rei Ueyama, Ju-Mee Ryoo, Leonhard Pfister, James Podolske, David Noone, Ryan Bennett, Eric Stith, Gregory Carmichael, Jens Redemann, Connor Flynn, Samuel LeBlanc, Michal Segal-Rozenhaimer, and Yohei Shinozuka
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 9643–9668, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-9643-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-9643-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Using aircraft-based measurements off the Atlantic coast of Africa, we found the springtime smoke plume was strongly correlated with the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere (more smoke indicated more humidity). We see the same general feature in satellite-assimilated and free-running models. Our analysis suggests this relationship is not caused by the burning but originates due to coincident continental meteorology plus fires. This air is transported over the ocean without further mixing.
Markku Kulmala, Tom V. Kokkonen, Juha Pekkanen, Sami Paatero, Tuukka Petäjä, Veli-Matti Kerminen, and Aijun Ding
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 8313–8322, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8313-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8313-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The eastern part of China as a whole is practically a gigacity with 650 million inhabitants. The gigacity, with its emissions, processes in the pollution cocktail and numerous feedbacks and interactions, has a crucial and big impact on regional air quality and on global climate. A large-scale research and innovation program is needed to meet the interlinked grand challenges in this gigacity and to serve as a platform for finding pathways for sustainable development of the globe.
Yunyan Jiang, Jinyuan Xin, Ying Wang, Guiqian Tang, Yuxin Zhao, Danjie Jia, Dandan Zhao, Meng Wang, Lindong Dai, Lili Wang, Tianxue Wen, and Fangkun Wu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 6111–6128, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6111-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6111-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Multiscale-circulation coupling affects pollution by changing the planetary boundary layer (PBL) structure. The multilayer PBL under cyclonic circulation has no diurnal variation; the temperature inversion and zero-speed zone can reach 600–900 m with strong mountain winds. The monolayer PBL under southwestern circulation can reach 2000 m; the inversion is lower than nocturnal PBL (400 m) with strong ambient winds. The zonal winds' vertical shear produces the inversion under western circulation.
Dillon S. Dodson and Jennifer D. Small Griswold
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 1937–1961, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-1937-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-1937-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The results here reinforce findings from previous in situ studies of the marine boundary layer. It is found that turbulence is maximized in the middle of the stratocumulus layer from latent heating effects. Precipitation acts to increase turbulence in the sub-cloud layer, while acting to stabilize the entire boundary layer after the evaporation of precipitation in the sub-cloud has stopped. A negative correlation is present between the boundary layer height and turbulence.
Ju Li, Zhaobin Sun, Donald H. Lenschow, Mingyu Zhou, Youjun Dou, Zhigang Cheng, Yaoting Wang, and Qingchun Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 15793–15809, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-15793-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-15793-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We analyzed a haze front event involving warm–dry downslope flow in December 2015 in Beijing, China. The haze front was formed by the collision between a clean warm–dry air mass flowing from a nearby mountainous region and a polluted cold–wet air mass over an urban area. We found that the polluted air advanced toward the clean air, resulting in a severe air pollution event. Our study highlights the need to further investigate the warm–dry downslope and its impacts on air pollution.
Sonja Gisinger, Johannes Wagner, and Benjamin Witschas
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 10091–10109, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-10091-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-10091-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Gravity waves are an important coupling mechanism in the atmosphere. Measurements by two research aircraft during a mountain wave event over Scandinavia in 2016 revealed changes of the horizontal scales in the vertical velocity field and of momentum fluxes in the vicinity of the tropopause inversion. Idealized simulations revealed the presence of interfacial waves. They are found downstream of the mountain peaks, meaning that they horizontally transport momentum/energy away from their source.
Rayonil G. Carneiro and Gilberto Fisch
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 5547–5558, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-5547-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-5547-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The objective of this study was to conduct observational evaluations of the daily cycle of the height of the planetary boundary layer from data that were measured and/or estimated using instruments such as a radiosonde, sodar, ceilometer, wind profiler, lidar and microwave radiometer installed in the central Amazon during 2014 (considered a typical year) and 2015 during which an intense El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) event predominated during the GoAmazon experiment.
Maurício I. Oliveira, Otávio C. Acevedo, Matthias Sörgel, Ernani L. Nascimento, Antonio O. Manzi, Pablo E. S. Oliveira, Daiane V. Brondani, Anywhere Tsokankunku, and Meinrat O. Andreae
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 15–27, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-15-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-15-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, data collected during four deep convection events at the 80 m tower from the Amazon Tall Tower Observatory are analyzed. It provides a unique view on how such events affect the local boundary layer and how it recovers after their passage. Quantities analyzed include mean wind speed, virtual potential temperature, turbulent kinetic energy, sensible, and latent heat fluxes. A conceptual model for boundary layer structure along the passage of deep convection events is proposed.
Zhicong Yin, Bufan Cao, and Huijun Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 13933–13943, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-13933-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-13933-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Ozone occurs both in the stratosphere and at ground level. Surface ozone is a man-made air pollutant and has harmful effects on people and the environment. Two dominant patterns of summer ozone pollution were determined. The most dominant pattern in 2017 and 2018 was different from that in previous years. The findings of this study help us to understand the features of surface ozone pollution in eastern China and their relationships with large-scale atmospheric circulations.
Karmen Babić, Norbert Kalthoff, Bianca Adler, Julian F. Quinting, Fabienne Lohou, Cheikh Dione, and Marie Lothon
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 13489–13506, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-13489-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-13489-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates differences in atmospheric conditions between nights with and without low-level stratus clouds (LLCs) over southern West Africa. We use high-quality observations collected during 2016 summer monsoon season and the ERA5 reanalysis data set. Our results show that the formation of LLCs depends on the interplay between the onset time and strength of the nocturnal low-level jet, horizontal cold-air advection, and the overall moisture level in the whole region.
Justine Ringard, Marjolaine Chiriaco, Sophie Bastin, and Florence Habets
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 13129–13155, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-13129-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-13129-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
This study characterizes the changes observed at Paris urban scale and attempts to identify the surface–atmosphere feedbacks likely to explain the trends observed as a function of the different configurations of large-scale dynamics. This article is interested in several atmospheric parameters and their possible retroactions. Finally, to study urban environments, the analysis at the local scale is essential because it is very poorly represented in the model.
Jesús Yus-Díez, Mireia Udina, Maria Rosa Soler, Marie Lothon, Erik Nilsson, Joan Bech, and Jielun Sun
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 9495–9514, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-9495-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-9495-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
This study helps improve the understanding of the turbulence description and the interactions occurring in the lower part of the boundary layer. It is carried out at an orographically influenced site close to the Pyrenees to explore the hockey-stick transition (HOST) theory. HOST is seen to be strongly dependent on both the meteorological conditions and the orographic features. Examples of intermittent turbulence events that lead to transitions between the turbulence regimes are also identified.
Cheikh Dione, Fabienne Lohou, Marie Lothon, Bianca Adler, Karmen Babić, Norbert Kalthoff, Xabier Pedruzo-Bagazgoitia, Yannick Bezombes, and Omar Gabella
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 8979–8997, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-8979-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-8979-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Low atmospheric dynamics and low-level cloud (LLC) macrophysical properties are analyzed using in situ and remote sensing data collected from 20 June to 30 July at Savè, Benin, during the DACCIWA field campaign in 2016. We find that the low-level jet (LLJ), LLCs, monsoon flow, and maritime inflow reveal a day-to-day variability. LLCs form at the same level as the jet core height. The cloud base height is stationary at night and remains below the jet. The cloud top height is found above the jet.
Dani J. Caputi, Ian Faloona, Justin Trousdell, Jeanelle Smoot, Nicholas Falk, and Stephen Conley
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 4721–4740, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-4721-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-4721-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
This paper covers the importance of understanding ozone pollution in California’s southern San Joaquin Valley from the perspective of meteorological conditions that occur overnight. Our main finding is that stronger winds aloft allow ozone to be depleted overnight, leading to less ozone the following day. This finding has the potential to greatly improve ozone forecasts in the San Joaquin Valley. This study is primarily conducted with aircraft observations.
Jon Ander Arrillaga, Carlos Yagüe, Carlos Román-Cascón, Mariano Sastre, Maria Antonia Jiménez, Gregorio Maqueda, and Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 4615–4635, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-4615-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-4615-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Thermally driven downslope winds develop in mountainous areas under a weak large-scale forcing and clear skies. In this work, we find that their onset time and intensity are closely connected with both the large-scale wind and soil moisture. We also show how the distinct downslope intensities shape the turbulent and thermal features of the nocturnal atmosphere. The analysis concludes that the downslope–turbulence interaction and the horizontal transport explain the important CO2 variability.
Étienne Vignon, Olivier Traullé, and Alexis Berne
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 4659–4683, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-4659-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-4659-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The future sea-level rise will depend on how much the Antarctic ice sheet gain – via precipitation – or loose mass. The simulation of precipitation by numerical models used for projections depends on the representation of the atmospheric circulation over and around Antarctica. Using daily measurements from balloon soundings at nine Antarctic stations, this study characterizes the structure of the atmosphere over the Antarctic coast and its representation in atmospheric simulations.
Nicola Bodini, Julie K. Lundquist, Raghavendra Krishnamurthy, Mikhail Pekour, Larry K. Berg, and Aditya Choukulkar
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 4367–4382, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-4367-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-4367-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
To improve the parameterization of the turbulence dissipation rate (ε) in numerical weather prediction models, we have assessed its temporal and spatial variability at various scales in the Columbia River Gorge during the WFIP2 field experiment. The turbulence dissipation rate shows large spatial variability, even at the microscale, with larger values in sites located downwind of complex orographic structures or in wind farm wakes. Distinct diurnal and seasonal cycles in ε have also been found.
Frederick Letson, Rebecca J. Barthelmie, Weifei Hu, and Sara C. Pryor
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 3797–3819, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-3797-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-3797-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Wind gusts are a key driver of aerodynamic loading, and common approximations used to describe wind gust behavior may not be appropriate in complex terrain at heights relevant to wind turbines and other structures. High-resolution observations from sonic anemometers and vertically pointing Doppler lidars collected in the Perdigão experiment are analyzed to provide a foundation for improved wind gust characterization in complex terrain.
Rohit Chakraborty, Madineni Venkat Ratnam, and Shaik Ghouse Basha
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 3687–3705, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-3687-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-3687-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Intense convective phenomena are a common climatic feature in the Indian tropical region which occur during the pre-monsoon to post-monsoon seasons (April–October) and are generally accompanied by intense thunderstorms, lightning, and wind gusts with heavy rainfall. Here we show long-term trends of the parameters related to convection and instability obtained from 27 radiosonde stations across six subdivisions over the Indian region during the period 1980–2016.
Kunihiko Kodera, Nawo Eguchi, Rei Ueyama, Yuhji Kuroda, Chiaki Kobayashi, Beatriz M. Funatsu, and Chantal Claud
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 2655–2669, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-2655-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-2655-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The recent cooling of the equatorial eastern Pacific Ocean occurred in conjunction with enhanced cross-equatorial southerlies associated with a strengthening of the boreal summer Hadley circulation. A combination of land surface warming and reduced static stability in the tropical tropopause layer due to stratospheric cooling is suggested to have caused the increase in the deep ascending branch of the Hadley circulation and related recent decadal change in the tropical troposphere and ocean.
Karmen Babić, Bianca Adler, Norbert Kalthoff, Hendrik Andersen, Cheikh Dione, Fabienne Lohou, Marie Lothon, and Xabier Pedruzo-Bagazgoitia
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 1281–1299, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-1281-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-1281-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The first detailed observational analysis of the complete diurnal cycle of low-level clouds (LLC) and associated atmospheric processes over southern West Africa is performed using the data gathered within the DACCIWA (Dynamics-Aerosol-Chemistry-Cloud-Interactions in West Africa) ground-based campaign. We find cooling related to the horizontal advection, which occurs in connection with the inflow of cool maritime air mass and a prominent low-level jet, to have the dominant role in LLC formation.
Bianca Adler, Karmen Babić, Norbert Kalthoff, Fabienne Lohou, Marie Lothon, Cheikh Dione, Xabier Pedruzo-Bagazgoitia, and Hendrik Andersen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 663–681, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-663-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-663-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
This study deals with nocturnal stratiform low-level clouds that frequently form in the atmospheric boundary layer over southern West Africa. We use observational data from 11 nights to characterize the clouds and intranight variability of boundary layer conditions as well as to assess the physical processes relevant for cloud formation. We find that cooling is crucial to reach saturation and a large part of the cooling is related to horizontal advection of cool air from the Gulf of Guinea.
Jutta Vüllers, Georg J. Mayr, Ulrich Corsmeier, and Christoph Kottmeier
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 18169–18186, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-18169-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-18169-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
This paper investigates frequently occurring foehn at the Dead Sea, which strongly impacts the local climatic conditions, in particular temperature and humidity, as well as evaporation from the Dead Sea, the aerosol load, and visibility. A statistical classification exposes two types of foehn and first-time, high-resolution measurements reveal trigger mechanisms and relevant characteristics, such as wind velocities, affected air layers, and resulting phenomena such as hydraulic jumps and rotors.
Dan Li, Bärbel Vogel, Rolf Müller, Jianchun Bian, Gebhard Günther, Qian Li, Jinqiang Zhang, Zhixuan Bai, Holger Vömel, and Martin Riese
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 17979–17994, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-17979-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-17979-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Balloon-borne measurements performed over Lhasa in August 2013 are investigated using CLaMS trajectory calculations. Here, we focus on high ozone mixing ratios in the free troposphere. Our findings demonstrate that both stratospheric intrusions and convective transport of air pollution play a major role in enhancing middle and upper tropospheric ozone.
Mikhail Varentsov, Pavel Konstantinov, Alexander Baklanov, Igor Esau, Victoria Miles, and Richard Davy
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 17573–17587, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-17573-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-17573-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
This study reports on the urban heat island (UHI) in a typical Arctic city in winter. Using in situ observations, remote sensing data and modeling, we show that the urban temperature anomaly reaches up to 11 K with a mean value of 1.9 K. At least 50 % of this anomaly is caused by the UHI effect, driven mostly by heating. The rest is created by natural microclimatic variability over the hilly terrain. This is a strong argument in support of energy efficiency measures in the Arctic cities.
Mark Gordon, Paul A. Makar, Ralf M. Staebler, Junhua Zhang, Ayodeji Akingunola, Wanmin Gong, and Shao-Meng Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 14695–14714, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-14695-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-14695-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
This work uses aircraft-based measurements of smokestack plumes carried out in northern Alberta in 2013. These measurements are used to test equations used to predict how high in the air smokestack plumes rise. It is important to predict plume rise height accurately as it tells us how far downwind pollutants are carried and what air quality can be expected at the surface. We found that the equations that are typically used significantly underestimate the plume rise at this location.
Andrei Serafimovich, Stefan Metzger, Jörg Hartmann, Katrin Kohnert, Donatella Zona, and Torsten Sachs
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 10007–10023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-10007-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-10007-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
In order to support the evaluation of coupled atmospheric–land-surface models we investigated spatial patterns of energy fluxes in relation to land-surface properties and upscaled airborne flux measurements to high resolution flux maps. A machine learning technique allows us to estimate environmental response functions between spatially and temporally resolved flux observations and corresponding biophysical and meteorological drivers.
Qianqian Huang, Xuhui Cai, Jian Wang, Yu Song, and Tong Zhu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 7573–7593, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-7573-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-7573-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Air stagnation index is a vital meteorological measure of the atmosphere's ability to dilute air pollutants. We propose a Boundary-layer air Stagnation Index (BSI) based on daily maximal ventilation, real latent instability and precipitation. The BSI is positively correlated with API during 2000–2012, tracks the day-by-day variation of PM2.5 concentration during January 2013 in Beijing well, and successfully represents the improved air quality during November and December in 2017.
Zhiheng Liao, Jiaren Sun, Jialin Yao, Li Liu, Haowen Li, Jian Liu, Jielan Xie, Dui Wu, and Shaojia Fan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 6771–6783, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-6771-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-6771-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
This paper investigates the modulation effect of ABL meteorology on Beijing’s surface air quality based on self-organizing maps. The self-organized ABL types correspond to significantly distinct pollutant loadings and diurnal evolution, particularly in winter. Anomalous stable ABL conditions are estimated to contribute 58.3 %, 46.4 % and 73.3 % of the elevated PM2.5 concentrations in January 2013, December 2015 and December 2016.
Zhicong Yin and Huijun Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 4753–4763, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-4753-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-4753-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
In China, the haze pollution in December has become increasingly serious over recent decades. The relationship between the snow cover and the December haze days was analyzed. This relationship significantly strengthened after the mid-1990s, which is attributed to the effective connections between the snow cover and the Eurasian atmospheric circulations.
Ju Li, Jielun Sun, Mingyu Zhou, Zhigang Cheng, Qingchun Li, Xiaoyan Cao, and Jingjiang Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 3919–3935, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-3919-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-3919-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
A rapid increase in the PM2.5 concentration in Beijing, China, on 30 November 2015 was found to be transported from south of Beijing by both turbulent mixing and advection processes. The nighttime relatively clean air was from the downslope flow northwest of Beijing; the rapid increase in the PM2.5 concentration in the morning resulted from the downward convective turbulent transfer of the polluted air that was rapidly advected over the nighttime stable boundary layer.
William Neff, Jim Crawford, Marty Buhr, John Nicovich, Gao Chen, and Douglas Davis
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 3755–3778, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-3755-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-3755-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Our study examined the effect of the seasonal cycle in meteorology from November through December and the role of stratospheric ozone depletion in the photochemical production of nitrogen oxide (NO) from nitrate in the snow at the South Pole. We found that ozone depletion which now extends into late November–early December coincides with optimum meteorological conditions (clear skies, a stable shallow boundary layer, and light winds) for high concentrations of NO to accumulate at the surface.
Romy Heller, Christiane Voigt, Stuart Beaton, Andreas Dörnbrack, Andreas Giez, Stefan Kaufmann, Christian Mallaun, Hans Schlager, Johannes Wagner, Kate Young, and Markus Rapp
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 14853–14869, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-14853-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-14853-2017, 2017
Gopa Dutta, Palla Vinay Kumar, and Salauddin Mohammad
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 14811–14819, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-14811-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-14811-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Gravity wave stress is crucial for weather prediction purposes. It is found that proper filtering of the data is essential to reduce uncertainties in the popular hodograph method to delineate low-frequency gravity wave parameters. Our research helped in improving the estimates of gravity wave stress by reducing errors.
Florian Berkes, Patrick Neis, Martin G. Schultz, Ulrich Bundke, Susanne Rohs, Herman G. J. Smit, Andreas Wahner, Paul Konopka, Damien Boulanger, Philippe Nédélec, Valerie Thouret, and Andreas Petzold
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 12495–12508, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-12495-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-12495-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
This study highlights the importance of independent global measurements with high and long-term accuracy to quantify long-term changes, especially in the UTLS region, and to help identify inconsistencies between different data sets of observations and models. Here we investigated temperature trends over different regions within a climate-sensitive area of the atmosphere and demonstrated the value of the IAGOS temperature observations as an anchor point for the evaluation of reanalyses.
Peter Knippertz, Andreas H. Fink, Adrien Deroubaix, Eleanor Morris, Flore Tocquer, Mat J. Evans, Cyrille Flamant, Marco Gaetani, Christophe Lavaysse, Celine Mari, John H. Marsham, Rémi Meynadier, Abalo Affo-Dogo, Titike Bahaga, Fabien Brosse, Konrad Deetz, Ridha Guebsi, Issaou Latifou, Marlon Maranan, Philip D. Rosenberg, and Andreas Schlueter
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 10893–10918, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-10893-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-10893-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
In June–July 2016 DACCIWA (Dynamics–Aerosol–Chemistry–Cloud Interactions in West Africa), a large, EU-funded European–African project, organised an international field campaign in densely populated southern West Africa, including measurements from ground sites, research aircraft, weather balloons and urban sites. This paper gives an overview of the atmospheric evolution during this period focusing on meteorological (precipitation, cloudiness, winds) and composition (gases, particles) aspects.
Andrea Mues, Maheswar Rupakheti, Christoph Münkel, Axel Lauer, Heiko Bozem, Peter Hoor, Tim Butler, and Mark G. Lawrence
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 8157–8176, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-8157-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-8157-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Ceilometer measurements taken in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal, were used to study the temporal and spatial evolution of the mixing layer height in the valley. This provides important information on the vertical structure of the atmosphere and can thus also help to understand the mixing of air pollutants (e.g. black carbon) in the valley. The seasonal and diurnal cycles of the mixing layer were found to be highly dependent on meteorology and mainly anticorrelated to black carbon concentrations.
Qianqian Huang, Xuhui Cai, Yu Song, and Tong Zhu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 7793–7805, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-7793-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-7793-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Air stagnation is an important meteorological measure of unfavorable air conditions, and previous studies have found that stagnation events are usually related to air pollution episodes. China is currently experiencing heavy air pollution, but to our knowledge, little is known about air stagnation in the country. In this paper, we conducted a comprehensive investigation of air stagnation climatology in China based on sounding and surface observations across the country.
Jennie Bukowski, Derek J. Posselt, Jeffrey S. Reid, and Samuel A. Atwood
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 4611–4626, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-4611-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-4611-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The Maritime Continent (MC) exhibits tremendous meteorological variability. In this study, multiple years of atmospheric soundings over the MC are analyzed to identify key sources of variability in the region's temperature, water vapor, and wind structure. Coherent vertical structures are found among profiles sampled from different geographic locations. The results indicate that the complex meteorology of the region can be described using a few simple structure functions.
Sanjay Kumar Mehta, Madineni Venkat Ratnam, Sukumarapillai V. Sunilkumar, Daggumati Narayana Rao, and Boddapaty V. Krishna Murthy
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 531–549, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-531-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-531-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Study of the diurnal variation of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) height is important for the knowledge of pollutant dispersion, crucial for all living beings. The most difficult part in the study of the diurnal variation is in identification of the stable boundary layer which occurs ~ 50% of times only and mostly during nighttime winter. Surface temperature and clouds directly affect the diurnal pattern of the ABL. Thus, stronger (weaker) diurnal variation found during pre-monsoon (winter).
Manisha Ganeshan and Dong L. Wu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 13173–13184, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-13173-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-13173-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The amplified Arctic warming has seen a rapid decline in sea ice with serious implications for global climate. The loss of heat from the ocean to the atmosphere is considered important for the recovery of the diminishing sea ice. Yet there is little observational evidence regarding the efficiency of this process. In our study, we explore and quantify the ability of the open ocean to lose heat through sensible heat fluxes. It is found to depend on the prevailing cloud and wind regime.
Tjarda J. Roberts, Marina Dütsch, Lars R. Hole, and Paul B. Voss
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 12383–12396, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-12383-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-12383-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We present Controlled Meteorological (CMET) balloon flights in the Arctic. CMETs are a novel balloon that can be controlled (by satellite link) to change altitude during the flight and remain in the troposphere up to several days. We performed automated repeated soundings in the Arctic boundary layer during the flight and compared the observations (temperature, humidity, wind) to output from two atmospheric models. CMETs are a valuable tool for probing the lower atmosphere in remote regions.
Cited articles
Adrian, R. J., Meinhart, C. D., and Tomkins, C. D.: Vortex organization in the
outer region of the turbulent boundary layer, J. Fluid Mech., 422, 1–54,
https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022112000001580, 2000. a, b, c, d
Amanollahi, J., Kaboodvandpour, S., Qhavami, S., and Mohammadi, B.: Effect of
the temperature variation between Mediterranean Sea and Syrian deserts on the
dust storm occurrence in the western half of Iran, Atmos. Res., 154,
116–125, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2014.11.003, 2015. a
Balachandar, S. and Eaton, J. K.: Turbulent Dispersed Multiphase Flow, Annu.
Rev. Fluid Mech., 42, 111–133, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fluid.010908.165243,
2010. a
Cheng, X. L., Zeng, Q. C., and Hu, F.: Characteristics of gusty wind
disturbances and turbulent fluctuations in windy atmospheric boundary layer
behind cold fronts, J. Geophys. Res-Atmos., 116, D06101, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010jd015081,
2011. a
Chokani, N.: Nonlinear evolution of Mack modes in a hypersonic boundary layer,
Phys. Fluids, 17, 014102, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1825471, 2005. a, b
Conrick, R., Curtis, N. L., Staten, P. W., and Kirkpatrick, C.: The
relationships between temperature gradient and wind during cold frontal
passages in the eastern United States: a numerical modeling study, Atmos.
Sci. Lett., 17, 339–345, https://doi.org/10.1002/asl.663, 2016. a
Dennis, D. J. C.: Coherent structures in wall-bounded turbulence, An.
Acad. Bras. Cienc., 87, 1161–1193, https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201520140622, 2015. a
Dickey, D. A. and Fuller, W. A.: Likelihood ratio statistics for autoregressive
time-series with a unit-root, Econometrica, 49, 1057–1072,
https://doi.org/10.2307/1912517, 1981. a
Dragani, W. C.: A feature model of surface pressure and wind fields associated
with the passage of atmospheric cold fronts, Comput. Geosci., 25, 1149–1157,
https://doi.org/10.1016/s0098-3004(99)00074-6, 1999. a, b, c
Favre, A., Gaviglio, J., and Dumas, R. J.: Space-time double correlations
and spectra in a turbulent boundary layer, J. Fluid Mech., 2, 313–342,
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022112057000166, 1957. a, b
Flandrin, P., Rilling, G., and Goncalves, P.: Empirical mode decomposition as a
filter bank, IEEE Signal Proc. Let., 11, 112–114,
https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2003.821662, 2004. a
Foken, T., Göockede, M., Mauder, M., Mahrt, L., Amiro, B., and Munger, W.:
Post-Field Data Quality Control, Handbook of Micrometeorology: A Guide for
Surface Flux Measurement and Analysis, 1st edn., edited by: Lee, X., Massman, W., and Law, B., Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, Online ISBN 978-1-4020-2265-4, Print ISBN is 978-1-4020-2265-4.
https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-2265-4_9, 2004. a, b, c
Formenti, P., Caquineau, S., Desboeufs, K., Klaver, A., Chevaillier, S., Journet, E., and Rajot, J. L.: Mapping the physico-chemical properties of mineral dust in western Africa: mineralogical composition, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 10663–10686, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-10663-2014, 2014. a
Gabor, D.: Theory of communication. Part 1: The analysis of information, J. Inst. Elect. Eng. III: Radio Commun. Eng., 93, 429–441, https://doi.org/10.1049/ji-3-2.1946.0074, 1946. a
Garcia-Pando, C. P., Stanton, M. C., Diggle, P. J., Trzaska, S., Miller, R. L.,
Perlwitz, J. P., Baldasano, J. M., Cuevas, E., Ceccato, P., Yaka, P., and
Thomson, M. C.: Soil Dust Aerosols and Wind as Predictors of Seasonal
Meningitis Incidence in Niger, Environ. Health Perspect., 122, 679–686,
https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1306640, 2014. a
Gasch, P., Rieger, D., Walter, C., Khain, P., Levi, Y., Knippertz, P., and Vogel, B.: Revealing the meteorological drivers of the September 2015 severe dust event in the Eastern Mediterranean, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 13573–13604, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-13573-2017, 2017. a
Gautam, R., Hsu, N. C., Lau, W. K. M., and Yasunari, T. J.: Satellite
observations of desert dust-induced Himalayan snow darkening, Geophys. Res.
Lett., 40, 988–993, https://doi.org/10.1002/grl.50226, 2013. a
Goudie, A. S.: Desert dust and human health disorders, Environ. Int., 63,
101–113, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2013.10.011, 2014. a
Gu, Z., He, Y., Zhang, Y., Su, J., Zhang, R., Yu, C. W., and Zhang, D.: An
Overview of Triggering Mechanisms and Characteristics of Local Strong
Sandstorms in China and Haboobs, Atmosphere, 12, 752, https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12060752,
2021. a
Hajj, M. R., Miksad, R. W., and Powers, E. J.: Perspective: Measurements and
analyses of nonlinear wave interactions with higher-order spectral moments,
J. Fluid Eng-T. Asme., 119, 3–13, https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2819116, 1997. a
Hamzeh, N. H., Karami, S., Opp, C., Fattahi, E., and Jean-François, V.:
Spatial and temporal variability in dust storms in the Middle East,
2002–2018: three case studies in July 2009, Arab. J. Geosci., 14, 538,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-021-06859-0, 2021. a, b
Heisel, M., Dasari, T., Liu, Y., Hong, J., Coletti, F., and Guala, M.: The
spatial structure of the logarithmic region in very-high-Reynolds-number
rough wall turbulent boundary layers, J. Fluid Mech., 857, 704–747,
https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2018.759, 2018. a, b
Helfer, K. C. and Nuijens, L.: The Morphology of Simulated Trade-Wind
Convection and Cold Pools Under Wind Shear, J. Geophys. Res-Atmos., 126,
e2021JD035148, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JD035148, 2021. a, b
Helland, K. N., Itsweire, E. C., and Lii, K. S.: A Program for the Computation
of Bispectra with Application To Spectral Energy-Transfer in Fluid
Turbulence, Adv. Eng. Softw., 7, 22–27, https://doi.org/10.1016/0141-1195(85)90089-0, 1985. a, b
Hogstrom, U.: Non-dimensional wind and temperature profiles in the atmospheric
surface-layer-a re-evaluation, Bound-Lay. Meteorol., 42, 55–78,
https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00119875, 1988. a
Hu, T., Wu, D., Li, Y., and Wang, C.: The Effects of Sandstorms on the Climate
of Northwestern China, Adv. Meteorol., 2017, 4035609,
https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/4035609, 2017. a
Huang, J., Zou, Z., Zeng, Q., Li, P., Song, J., Wu, L., Zhang, J. A., Li, S.,
and Chan, P.-W.: The Turbulent Structure of the Marine Atmospheric Boundary
Layer during and before a Cold Front, J. Atmos. Sci., 78, 863–875,
https://doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-19-0314.1, 2021. a
Huang, N. E., Shen, Z., Long, S. R., Wu, M. L. C., Shih, H. H., Zheng, Q. N.,
Yen, N. C., Tung, C. C., and Liu, H. H.: The empirical mode decomposition and
the Hilbert spectrum for nonlinear and non-stationary time series analysis,
P. Roy. Soc. A-Math. Phy., 454, 903–995, https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1998.0193, 1998. a, b
Huang, N. E., Wu, M.-L. C., Long, S. R., Shen, S. S. P., Qu, W., Gloersen, P., and Fan, K. L.: A confidence limit for the empirical mode decomposition
and Hilbert spectral analysis, P. Roy. Soc. A-Math. Phy., 459, 2317–2345,
https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2003.1123, 2003. a
Hunt, J. C. R. and Morrison, J. F.: Eddy structure in turbulent boundary
layers, Eur. J. Mech. B-Fluid, 19, 673–694,
https://doi.org/10.1016/s0997-7546(00)00129-1, 2000. a
Hutchins, N. and Marusic, I.: Evidence of very long meandering features in the
logarithmic region of turbulent boundary layers, J. Fluid Mech., 579, 1–28,
https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022112006003946, 2007. a, b, c, d
Hutchins, N., Chauhan, K., Marusic, I., Monty, J., and Klewicki, J.: Towards
Reconciling the Large-Scale Structure of Turbulent Boundary Layers in the
Atmosphere and Laboratory, Bound-Lay. Meteorol., 145, 273–306,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-012-9735-4, 2012. a, b, c, d
Kaskaoutis, D. G., Rashki, A., Houssos, E. E., Mofidi, A., Goto, D., Bartzokas,
A., Francois, P., and Legrand, M.: Meteorological aspects associated with
dust storms in the Sistan region, southeastern Iran, Clim. Dynam., 45,
407–424, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-014-2208-3, 2015. a, b, c
Kim, K. C. and Adrian, R. J.: Very large-scale motion in the outer layer, Phys.
Fluids, 11, 417–422, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.869889, 1999. a, b
Kosmopoulos, P. G., Kazadzis, S., Taylor, M., Athanasopoulou, E., Speyer, O., Raptis, P. I., Marinou, E., Proestakis, E., Solomos, S., Gerasopoulos, E., Amiridis, V., Bais, A., and Kontoes, C.: Dust impact on surface solar irradiance assessed with model simulations, satellite observations and ground-based measurements, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 10, 2435–2453, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-2435-2017, 2017. a
Kunkel, G. J. and Marusic, I.: Study of the near-wall-turbulent region of the
high-Reynolds-number boundary layer using an atmospheric flow, J. Fluid
Mech., 548, 375–402, https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022112005007780, 2006. a
Lavielle, M.: Optimal segmentation of random processes, IEEE Signal Proc. Let.,
46, 1365–1373, https://doi.org/10.1109/78.668798, 1998. a
Lawrence, C. R. and Neff, J. C.: The contemporary physical and chemical flux of
aeolian dust: A synthesis of direct measurements of dust deposition, Chem.
Geol., 267, 46–63, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2009.02.005, 2009. a
Li, J., Wang, Z., Zhuang, G., Luo, G., Sun, Y., and Wang, Q.: Mixing of Asian mineral dust with anthropogenic pollutants over East Asia: a model case study of a super-duststorm in March 2010, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 7591–7607, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-7591-2012, 2012. a
Li, W. Y.: Statistical quantification of the local daily surface meteorological
condition’s impact properties on dust storm occurrence: style, intensity,
significance, contribution, and decisiveness, taking North and Northwest
China as an example, Theor. Appl. Climatol., 143, 403–428,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-020-03325-x, 2020. a, b, c
Li, X. L. and Zhang, H. S.: Seasonal variations in dust concentration and dust
emission observed over Horqin Sandy Land area in China from December 2010 to
November 2011, Atmos, Environ,, 61, 56–65,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.07.007, 2012. a
Lin, C. C.: On Taylor's hypothesis and the acceleration terms in the
Navier-Stokes equation, Q. Appl. Math., 10, 295–306, 1953. a
Liu, H. and Zheng, X.: Large-scale structures of wall-bounded turbulence in
single- and two-phase flows: advancing understanding of the atmospheric
surface layer during sandstorms, Flow, 1, E5, https://doi.org/10.1017/flo.2021.6, 2021. a
Liu, H., Shi, Y., and Zheng, X: Evolution of turbulent kinetic energy during the entire sandstorm process, Zenodo [data set], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6459518, 2021. a
Liu, H. Y., Bo, T. L., and Liang, Y. R.: The variation of large-scale structure
inclination angles in high Reynolds number atmospheric surface layers, Phys.
Fluids, 29, 035104, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4978803, 2017. a
Liu, H. Y., Wang, G. H., and Zheng, X. J.: Amplitude modulation between
multi-scale turbulent motions in high-Reynolds-number atmospheric surface
layers, J. Fluid Mech., 861, 585–607, https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2018.906,
2019. a, b
Liu, X. E., Guo, X. L., and Letters, O. S.: Role of Downward Momentum Transport
in the Formation of Severe Surface Winds, Atmos. Ocean Sci. Lett., 5,
379–383, https://doi.org/10.1080/16742834.2012.11447020, 2012. a
Liu, X. L., Yi, S. H., Xu, X. W., Shi, Y., Ouyang, T. C., and Xiong, H. X.:
Experimental study of second-mode wave on a flared cone at Mach 6, Phys.
Fluids, 31, 074108, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5103192, 2019. a
Lovett, C., Sowlat, M. H., Saliba, N. A., Shihadeh, A. L., and Sioutas, C.:
Oxidative potential of ambient particulate matter in Beirut during Saharan
and Arabian dust events, Atmos. Environ., 188, 34–42,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.06.016, 2018. a
Mahowald, N. M., Baker, A. R., Bergametti, G., Brooks, N., Duce, R. A.,
Jickells, T. D., Kubilay, N., Prospero, J. M., and Tegen, I.: Atmospheric
global dust cycle and iron inputs to the ocean, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 19, GB4025,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2004gb002402, 2005. a
Martin, R. L. and Kok, J. F.: Wind-invariant saltation heights imply linear
scaling of aeolian saltation flux with shear stress, Sci. Adv., 3,
e1602569, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1602569, 2017. a
Marusic, I., McKeon, B. J., Monkewitz, P. A., Nagib, H. M., Smits, A. J., and
Sreenivasan, K. R.: Wall-bounded turbulent flows at high Reynolds numbers:
Recent advances and key issues, Phys. Fluids, 22, 065103,
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3453711, 2010. a
Metzger, M., McKeon, B., and Arce-Larreta, E.: Scaling the characteristic time
of the bursting process in the turbulent boundary layer, Physica D, 239,
1296–1304, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physd.2009.09.004, 2010. a
Mico, P., Mora, M., Cuesta-Frau, D., and Aboy, M.: Automatic segmentation of
long-term ECG signals corrupted with broadband noise based on sample entropy,
Comput. Methods Programs Biomed., 98, 118–129,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmpb.2009.08.010, 2010. a
Miri, A., Maleki, S., and Middleton, N.: An investigation into climatic and
terrestrial drivers of dust storms in the Sistan region of Iran in the early
twenty-first century, Sci. Total. Environ., 757, 143952,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143952, 2021. a
Morlet, J., Arens, G., Fourgeau, E., and Giard, D.: Wave propagation and sampling theory – Part II: Sampling theory and complex waves, Geophysics, 47,
222–236, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1441329, 1982. a
Nastos, P. T., Kampanis, N. A., Giaouzaki, K. N., and Matzarakis, A.:
Environmental impacts on human health during a Saharan dust episode at Crete
Island, Greece, Meteorol. Z., 20, 517–529,
2011. a
Oduber, F., Calvo, A. I., Blanco-Alegre, C., Castro, A., Nunes, T., Alves, C.,
Sorribas, M., Feraandez-Gonzalez, D., Vega-Maray, A. M., Valencia-Barrera,
R. M., Lucarelli, F., Nava, S., Calzolai, G., Alonso-Blanco, E., Fraile, B.,
Fialho, P., Coz, E., Prevot, A. S. H., Pont, V., and Fraile, R.: Unusual
winter Saharan dust intrusions at Northwest Spain: Air quality, radiative and
health impacts, Sci. Total Environ., 669, 213–228,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.305, 2019. a
Potter, R. K.: Visible Speech, Am. Ann. Deaf, 91, 447–452, 1947. a
Richardson, L. F.: Weather Prediction by Numerical Process, 2nd edn., Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge, ISBN 9780511618291, https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511618291, 1922. a
Robinson, S. K.: Coherent Motions in the Turbulent Boundary Layer, Annu. Rev.
Fluid Mech., 23, 601–639, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fl.23.010191.003125, 1991. a
Said, S. E. and Dickey, D. A.: Testing for unit roots in autoregressive-moving
average models of unknown order, Biometrika, 71, 599–607, https://doi.org/10.1093/biomet/71.3.599, 1984. a
Shao, Y. and Dong, C. H.: A review on East Asian dust storm climate, modelling
and monitoring, Global Planet. Change, 52, 1–22,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2006.02.011, 2006. a
Shao, Y. P., Klose, M., and Wyrwoll, K. H.: Recent global dust trend and
connections to climate forcing, J. Geophys. Res-Atmos., 118,
11107–11118, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50836, 2013. a
Soleimani, Z., Teymouri, P., Boloorani, A. D., Mesdaghinia, A., Middleton, N.,
and Griffin, D. W.: An overview of bioaerosol load and health impacts
associated with dust storms: A focus on the Middle East, Atmos. Environ.,
223, 117187, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.117187, 2020. a
Todd, M. C., Washington, R., Raghavan, S., Lizcano, G., and Knippertz, P.:
Regional model simulations of the Bodele low-level jet of northern Chad
during the Bodele Dust Experiment (BoDEx 2005), J. Climate, 21, 995–1012,
https://doi.org/10.1175/2007jcli1766.1, 2008. a, b, c
Vallikivi, M., Ganapathisubramani, B., and Smits, A. J.: Spectral scaling in
boundary layers and pipes at very high Reynolds numbers, J. Fluid Mech., 771,
303–326, https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2015.181, 2015. a, b, c
Ville, J.: Théorie et applications de la notion de signal analytique, Cables
et Transmission, 2, 61–74, 1948. a
Wang, G., Gu, H., and Zheng, X.: Large scale structures of turbulent flows in
the atmospheric surface layer with and without sand, Phys. Fluids, 32,
106604, https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0023126, 2020. a, b, c
Wilczak, J. M., Oncley, S. P., and Stage, S. A.: Sonic anemometer tilt
correction algorithms, Bound-Lay. Meteorol., 99, 127–150,
https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1018966204465, 2001. a
Wyngaard, J. C.: Atmospheric turbulence, Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech., 24, 205–233, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fl.24.010192.001225, 1992. a, b
Xu, C., Guan, Q., Lin, J., Luo, H., Yang, L., Tan, Z., Wang, Q., Wang, N., and
Tian, J.: Spatiotemporal variations and driving factors of dust storm events
in northern China based on high-temporal-resolution analysis of
meteorological data (1960–2007), Environ. Pollut., 260, 114084,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114084, 2020. a
Yang, L., Hu, Z., Huang, Z., Wang, L., Han, W., Yang, Y., Tao, H., and Wang,
J.: Detection of a Dust Storm in 2020 by a Multi-Observation Platform over
the Northwest China, Remote Sensing, 13, 1056, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13061056, 2021. a
Zhan, K., Liu, S., Yang, Z., Fang, E., Zhou, L., Wang, Q., Guo, S., Zhang, J.,
and Huang, N.: Suspended dust particle characteristics during an sandstorm on
29 February 2008 in Minqin area, China, Aeolian Res., 25, 79–86,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeolia.2017.04.002, 2017.
a
Zhang, H. and Zheng, X.: Quantifying the large-scale electrification equilibrium effects in dust storms using field observations at Qingtu Lake Observatory, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 17087–17097, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-17087-2018, 2018. a
Zhang, H. and Zhou, Y.-H.: Effects of 3D electric field on saltation during dust storms: an observational and numerical study, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 14801–14820, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-14801-2020, 2020. a
Zhang, H., Zhu, H., Peng, Y., Kang, L., Chen, J., and Soon, U. P.: Experiment
on dust flux during dust storm periods over sand desert area, Acta Meteorol. Sin.,
22, 239–247, https://doi.org/10.11676/qxxb2007.070, 2007. a
Zhao, J. H., Long, X., Zhang, F., Yang, Y. L., Liu, S. X., and Yun, L.: The
role of turbulent coherent structure in sand-dust emissions in a sanddust
storm of the middle China-Mongolia regime, Chinese J. Geophys., 63,
3967–3980, https://doi.org/10.6038/cjg2020O0179, 2020. a, b, c
Zheng, X.: Mechanics of Wind-blown Sand Movements, 1st edn., edited by: Allan, R., Forstner, U., and Salomons, W., Springer, Berlin,
Heidelberg, Hardcover ISBN 978-3-540-88253-4, Softcover ISBN 978-3-642-09999-1, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-88254-1, 2009. a
Zheng, X., Zhang, J., Wang, G., Liu, H., and Zhu, W.: Investigation on very
large scale motions (VLSMs) and their influence in a dust storm, Sci. China
Phys. Mech., 56, 306–314, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11433-012-4985-1, 2013. a
Zhu, W. K., Shi, M. T., Zhu, Y. D., and Lee, C.: Experimental study of
hypersonic boundary layer transition on a permeable wall of a flared cone,
Phys. Fluids, 32, 011701, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5139546, 2020. a
Short summary
The sandstorm, which is a common natural disaster, is mechanically characterized by a particle-laden flow experiencing wall turbulence. This work investigates a real sandstorm that was measured at the Qingtu Lake Observation Array through a lens of wall-turbulent flow dynamics. A non-stationary signal processing method is proposed based on the time-varying mean and adaptive segmented stationary method, and the evolution of turbulent kinetic energy during the entire sandstorm process is revealed.
The sandstorm, which is a common natural disaster, is mechanically characterized by a...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint