Articles | Volume 13, issue 20
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-10303-2013
© Author(s) 2013. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-10303-2013
© Author(s) 2013. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
23 Oct 2013
Research article |
| 23 Oct 2013
Modeling polarized solar radiation from the ocean–atmosphere system for CLARREO inter-calibration applications
W. Sun
Science Systems and Applications Inc., Hampton, VA, 23666, USA
C. Lukashin
NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, 23681, USA
Related authors
Wenbo Sun, Yongxiang Hu, Rosemary R. Baize, Gorden Videen, Sungsoo S. Kim, Young-Jun Choi, Kyungin Kang, Chae Kyung Sim, Minsup Jeong, Ali Omar, Snorre A. Stamnes, David G. MacDonnell, and Evgenij Zubko
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 15583–15586, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-15583-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-15583-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Dusts have a significant impact on climate and environment. Detecting dust using satellite instruments is generally conducted by measuring at multiple observation angles due to the uncertainty of the surface reflection. This report shows that the degree of polarization of reflected light can be used for retrieving the optical depth of dust at backscatter angles only, regardless of surface conditions. This simple method is suitable for surveying dust aerosols over oceans with low-cost satellites.
W. Sun, R. R. Baize, G. Videen, Y. Hu, and Q. Fu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 11909–11918, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-11909-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-11909-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
A method is reported for retrieving super-thin cloud optical depth with polarized light. It is found that near-backscatter p-polarized light is sensitive to clouds, but not to ocean conditions. Near-backscatter p-polarized intensity linearly relates to super-thin cloud optical depth. Based on these findings, super-thin cloud optical depth can be retrieved with little effect from surface reflection.
W. Sun, R. R. Baize, C. Lukashin, and Y. Hu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 7725–7734, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-7725-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-7725-2015, 2015
Wenbo Sun, Yongxiang Hu, Rosemary R. Baize, Gorden Videen, Sungsoo S. Kim, Young-Jun Choi, Kyungin Kang, Chae Kyung Sim, Minsup Jeong, Ali Omar, Snorre A. Stamnes, David G. MacDonnell, and Evgenij Zubko
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 15583–15586, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-15583-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-15583-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Dusts have a significant impact on climate and environment. Detecting dust using satellite instruments is generally conducted by measuring at multiple observation angles due to the uncertainty of the surface reflection. This report shows that the degree of polarization of reflected light can be used for retrieving the optical depth of dust at backscatter angles only, regardless of surface conditions. This simple method is suitable for surveying dust aerosols over oceans with low-cost satellites.
W. Sun, R. R. Baize, G. Videen, Y. Hu, and Q. Fu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 11909–11918, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-11909-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-11909-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
A method is reported for retrieving super-thin cloud optical depth with polarized light. It is found that near-backscatter p-polarized light is sensitive to clouds, but not to ocean conditions. Near-backscatter p-polarized intensity linearly relates to super-thin cloud optical depth. Based on these findings, super-thin cloud optical depth can be retrieved with little effect from surface reflection.
W. Sun, R. R. Baize, C. Lukashin, and Y. Hu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 7725–7734, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-7725-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-7725-2015, 2015
Related subject area
Subject: Radiation | Research Activity: Remote Sensing | Altitude Range: Troposphere | Science Focus: Physics (physical properties and processes)
Understanding the trends in reflected solar radiation: a latitude- and month-based perspective
Evaluating the representation of Arctic cirrus solar radiative effects in the Integrated Forecasting System with airborne measurements
Uncertainty in simulated brightness temperature due to sensitivity to atmospheric gas spectroscopic parameters from the centimeter- to submillimeter-wave range
Direct observational evidence from space of the effect of CO2 increase on longwave spectral radiances: the unique role of high-spectral-resolution measurements
LIME: Lunar Irradiance Model of ESA, a new tool for absolute radiometric calibration using the Moon
Influence of cloud retrieval errors due to three-dimensional radiative effects on calculations of broadband shortwave cloud radiative effect
Estimation of 1 km downwelling shortwave radiation over the Tibetan Plateau under all-sky conditions
Record-breaking statistics detect islands of cooling in a sea of warming
Radiative closure and cloud effects on the radiation budget based on satellite and shipborne observations during the Arctic summer research cruise, PS106
Impacts of active satellite sensors' low-level cloud detection limitations on cloud radiative forcing in the Arctic
Longwave radiative effect of the cloud–aerosol transition zone based on CERES observations
Ice and mixed-phase cloud statistics on the Antarctic Plateau
Photovoltaic power potential in West Africa using long-term satellite data
A semi-empirical potential energy surface and line list for H216O extending into the near-ultraviolet
Global distribution and 14-year changes in erythemal irradiance, UV atmospheric transmission, and total column ozone for2005–2018 estimated from OMI and EPIC observations
Biomass-burning-induced surface darkening and its impact on regional meteorology in eastern China
Air pollution slows down surface warming over the Tibetan Plateau
Estimation of hourly land surface heat fluxes over the Tibetan Plateau by the combined use of geostationary and polar-orbiting satellites
Estimations of global shortwave direct aerosol radiative effects above opaque water clouds using a combination of A-Train satellite sensors
Uncertainty of atmospheric microwave absorption model: impact on ground-based radiometer simulations and retrievals
Simulated and observed horizontal inhomogeneities of optical thickness of Arctic stratus
Net radiative effects of dust in the tropical North Atlantic based on integrated satellite observations and in situ measurements
Comparison of global observations and trends of total precipitable water derived from microwave radiometers and COSMIC radio occultation from 2006 to 2013
Characterizing energy budget variability at a Sahelian site: a test of NWP model behaviour
Scale dependence of cirrus horizontal heterogeneity effects on TOA measurements – Part I: MODIS brightness temperatures in the thermal infrared
Aerosol scattering effects on water vapor retrievals over the Los Angeles Basin
Directional, horizontal inhomogeneities of cloud optical thickness fields retrieved from ground-based and airbornespectral imaging
Airborne observations of far-infrared upwelling radiance in the Arctic
Retrieval of aerosol optical depth from surface solar radiation measurements using machine learning algorithms, non-linear regression and a radiative transfer-based look-up table
Microwave signatures of ice hydrometeors from ground-based observations above Summit, Greenland
Shortwave direct radiative effects of above-cloud aerosols over global oceans derived from 8 years of CALIOP and MODIS observations
Retrieving high-resolution surface solar radiation with cloud parameters derived by combining MODIS and MTSAT data
Instantaneous longwave radiative impact of ozone: an application on IASI/MetOp observations
A method to retrieve super-thin cloud optical depth over ocean background with polarized sunlight
Airborne observations and simulations of three-dimensional radiative interactions between Arctic boundary layer clouds and ice floes
Deriving polarization properties of desert-reflected solar spectra with PARASOL data
Using IASI to simulate the total spectrum of outgoing long-wave radiances
Investigation of the "elevated heat pump" hypothesis of the Asian monsoon using satellite observations
Improved retrieval of direct and diffuse downwelling surface shortwave flux in cloudless atmosphere using dynamic estimates of aerosol content and type: application to the LSA-SAF project
Surface-sensible and latent heat fluxes over the Tibetan Plateau from ground measurements, reanalysis, and satellite data
Influence of local surface albedo variability and ice crystal shape on passive remote sensing of thin cirrus
Combining MODIS, AVHRR and in situ data for evapotranspiration estimation over heterogeneous landscape of the Tibetan Plateau
HIRS channel 12 brightness temperature dataset and its correlations with major climate indices
Performance of the Line-By-Line Radiative Transfer Model (LBLRTM) for temperature, water vapor, and trace gas retrievals: recent updates evaluated with IASI case studies
Multi-satellite aerosol observations in the vicinity of clouds
CLARA-SAL: a global 28 yr timeseries of Earth's black-sky surface albedo
Quantitative comparison of the variability in observed and simulated shortwave reflectance
Regional radiative impact of volcanic aerosol from the 2009 eruption of Mt. Redoubt
Airborne hyperspectral observations of surface and cloud directional reflectivity using a commercial digital camera
Direct and semi-direct radiative forcing of smoke aerosols over clouds
Ruixue Li, Bida Jian, Jiming Li, Deyu Wen, Lijie Zhang, Yang Wang, and Yuan Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 9777–9803, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9777-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9777-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Hemispheric or interannual averages of reflected solar radiation (RSR) can mask signals from seasonally active or region-specific mechanisms. We examine RSR characteristics from latitude and month perspectives, revealing decreased trends observed by CERES in both hemispheres driven by clear-sky atmospheric and cloud components at 30–50° N and cloud components at 0–50° S. AVHRR achieves symmetry criteria within uncertainty and is suitable for the long-term analysis of hemispheric RSR symmetry.
Johannes Röttenbacher, André Ehrlich, Hanno Müller, Florian Ewald, Anna E. Luebke, Benjamin Kirbus, Robin J. Hogan, and Manfred Wendisch
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8085–8104, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8085-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8085-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Weather prediction models simplify the physical processes related to light scattering by clouds consisting of complex ice crystals. Whether these simplifications are the cause for uncertainties in their prediction can be evaluated by comparing them with measurement data. Here we do this for Arctic ice clouds over sea ice using airborne measurements from two case studies. The model performs well for thick ice clouds but not so well for thin ones. This work can be used to improve the model.
Donatello Gallucci, Domenico Cimini, Emma Turner, Stuart Fox, Philip W. Rosenkranz, Mikhail Y. Tretyakov, Vinia Mattioli, Salvatore Larosa, and Filomena Romano
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 7283–7308, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7283-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7283-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Nowadays, atmospheric radiative transfer models are widely used to simulate satellite and ground-based observations. A meaningful comparison between observations and simulations requires an estimate of the uncertainty associated with both. This work quantifies the uncertainty in atmospheric radiative transfer models in the microwave range, providing the uncertainty associated with simulations of new-generation satellite microwave sensors.
João Teixeira, R. Chris Wilson, and Heidar Th. Thrastarson
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 6375–6383, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6375-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6375-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents direct evidence from space (solely based on observations) that CO2 increase leads to the theoretically expected effects on longwave spectral radiances. This is achieved by using a methodology that allows us to isolate the CO2 effects from the temperature and water vapor effects. By searching for ensembles of temperature and water vapor profiles that are similar to each other but have different values of CO2, it is possible to estimate the direct effects of CO2 on the spectra.
Carlos Toledano, Sarah Taylor, África Barreto, Stefan Adriaensen, Alberto Berjón, Agnieszka Bialek, Ramiro González, Emma Woolliams, and Marc Bouvet
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3649–3671, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3649-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3649-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The calibration of Earth observation sensors is key to ensuring the continuity of long-term and global climate records. Satellite sensors, calibrated prior to launch, are susceptible to degradation in space. The Moon provides a stable calibration reference; however, its illumination depends on the Sun–Earth–Moon geometry and must be modelled. A new lunar irradiance model is presented, built upon observations over 5 years at a high-altitude observatory and a rigorous calibration and validation.
Adeleke S. Ademakinwa, Zahid H. Tushar, Jianyu Zheng, Chenxi Wang, Sanjay Purushotham, Jianwu Wang, Kerry G. Meyer, Tamas Várnai, and Zhibo Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3093–3114, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3093-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3093-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Clouds play a critical role in our climate system. At present and in the near future, satellite-based remote sensing is the only means to obtain regional and global observations of cloud properties. The current satellite remote sensing algorithms are mostly based on the so-called 1D radiative transfer. This deviation from the 3D world reality can lead to large errors. In this study we investigate how this error affects our estimation of cloud radiative effects.
Peizhen Li, Lei Zhong, Yaoming Ma, Yunfei Fu, Meilin Cheng, Xian Wang, Yuting Qi, and Zixin Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9265–9285, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9265-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9265-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, all-sky downwelling shortwave radiation (DSR) over the entire Tibetan Plateau (TP) at a spatial resolution of 1 km was estimated using an improved parameterization scheme. The influence of topography and different radiative attenuations were comprehensively taken into account. The derived DSR showed good agreement with in situ measurements. The accuracy was better than six other DSR products. The derived DSR also provided more reasonable and detailed spatial patterns.
Elisa T. Sena, Ilan Koren, Orit Altaratz, and Alexander B. Kostinski
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 16111–16122, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-16111-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-16111-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We used record-breaking statistics together with spatial information to create record-breaking SST maps. The maps reveal warming patterns in the overwhelming majority of the ocean and coherent islands of cooling, where low records occur more frequently than high ones. Some of these cooling spots are well known; however, a surprising elliptical area in the Southern Ocean is observed as well. Similar analyses can be performed on other key climatological variables to explore their trend patterns.
Carola Barrientos-Velasco, Hartwig Deneke, Anja Hünerbein, Hannes J. Griesche, Patric Seifert, and Andreas Macke
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 9313–9348, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9313-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9313-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This article describes an intercomparison of radiative fluxes and cloud properties from satellite, shipborne observations, and 1D radiative transfer simulations. The analysis focuses on research for PS106 expedition aboard the German research vessel, Polarstern. The results are presented in detailed case studies, time series for the PS106 cruise and extended to the central Arctic region. The findings illustrate the main periods of agreement and discrepancies of both points of view.
Yinghui Liu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 8151–8173, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8151-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8151-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Cloud detection from state-of-art satellite radar and lidar misses low-level clouds. Using in situ observations, this study confirms this cloud detection limitation over the Arctic Ocean. Impacts of this detection limitation from combined satellite radar and lidar on the monthly mean radiation flux estimations at the surface and at the top of the atmosphere in the Arctic are limited but larger from only satellite radar or satellite lidar in monthly mean and instantaneous values.
Babak Jahani, Hendrik Andersen, Josep Calbó, Josep-Abel González, and Jan Cermak
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 1483–1494, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1483-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1483-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The change in the state of sky from cloudy to cloudless (or vice versa) comprises an additional phase called
transition zonewith characteristics laying between those of aerosols and clouds. This study presents an approach for the quantification of the broadband longwave radiative effects of the cloud–aerosol transition zone at the top of the atmosphere during daytime over the ocean based on satellite observations and radiative transfer simulations.
William Cossich, Tiziano Maestri, Davide Magurno, Michele Martinazzo, Gianluca Di Natale, Luca Palchetti, Giovanni Bianchini, and Massimo Del Guasta
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 13811–13833, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13811-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13811-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The presence of clouds over Concordia, in the Antarctic Plateau, is investigated. Results are obtained by applying a machine learning algorithm to measurements of the infrared radiation emitted by the atmosphere toward the surface. The clear-sky, ice cloud, and mixed-phase cloud occurrence at different timescales is studied. A comparison with satellite measurements highlights the ability of the algorithm to identify multiple cloud conditions and study their variability at different timescales.
Ina Neher, Susanne Crewell, Stefanie Meilinger, Uwe Pfeifroth, and Jörg Trentmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 12871–12888, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-12871-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-12871-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Photovoltaic power is one current option to meet the rising energy demand with low environmental impact. Global horizontal irradiance (GHI) is the fuel for photovoltaic power installations and needs to be evaluated to plan and dimension power plants. In this study, 35 years of satellite-based GHI data are analyzed over West Africa to determine their impact on photovoltaic power generation. The major challenges for the development of a solar-based power system in West Africa are then outlined.
Eamon K. Conway, Iouli E. Gordon, Jonathan Tennyson, Oleg L. Polyansky, Sergei N. Yurchenko, and Kelly Chance
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 10015–10027, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-10015-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-10015-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Water vapour has a complex spectrum and absorbs from the microwave to the near-UV where it dissociates. There is limited knowledge of the absorption features in the near-UV, and there is a large disagreement for the available models and experiments. We created a new ab initio model that is in good agreement with observation at 363 nm. At lower wavelengths, our calculations suggest that the latest experiments overestimate absorption. This has implications for trace gas retrievals in the near-UV.
Jay Herman, Alexander Cede, Liang Huang, Jerald Ziemke, Omar Torres, Nickolay Krotkov, Matthew Kowalewski, and Karin Blank
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 8351–8380, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-8351-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-8351-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The amount of erythemal irradiance reaching the Earth's surface has been calculated from ozone, aerosol, and reflectivity data obtained from OMI and DSCOVR/EPIC satellite instruments showing areas with high levels of solar UV radiation. Changes in erythemal irradiance, cloud transmission, aerosol transmission, and ozone absorption have been estimated for 14 years 2005–2018 in units of percent per year for 191 locations, mostly large cities, and from EPIC for the entire illuminated Earth.
Rong Tang, Xin Huang, Derong Zhou, and Aijun Ding
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 6177–6191, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-6177-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-6177-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Biomass-burning-induced large areas of dark char (i.e.
surface darkening) could influence the radiative energy balance. During the harvest season in eastern China, satellite retrieval shows that surface albedo was significantly decreased. Observational evidence of meteorological perturbations from the surface darkening is identified, which is further examined by model simulation. This work highlights the importance of burning-induced albedo change in weather forecast and regional climate.
Aolin Jia, Shunlin Liang, Dongdong Wang, Bo Jiang, and Xiaotong Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 881–899, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-881-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-881-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The Tibetan Plateau (TP) plays a vital role in regional and global climate change due to its location and orography. After generating a long-term surface radiation (SR) dataset, we characterized the SR spatiotemporal variation along with temperature. Evidence from multiple data sources indicated that the TP dimming was primarily driven by increased aerosols from human activities, and the cooling effect of aerosol loading offsets TP surface warming, revealing the human impact on regional warming.
Lei Zhong, Yaoming Ma, Zeyong Hu, Yunfei Fu, Yuanyuan Hu, Xian Wang, Meilin Cheng, and Nan Ge
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 5529–5541, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-5529-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-5529-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Fine-temporal-resolution turbulent heat fluxes at the plateau scale have significant importance for studying diurnal variation characteristics of atmospheric boundary and weather systems in the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and its surroundings. Time series of land surface heat fluxes with high temporal resolution over the entire TP were derived. The derived surface heat fluxes proved to be in good agreement with in situ measurements and were superior to GLDAS flux products.
Meloë S. Kacenelenbogen, Mark A. Vaughan, Jens Redemann, Stuart A. Young, Zhaoyan Liu, Yongxiang Hu, Ali H. Omar, Samuel LeBlanc, Yohei Shinozuka, John Livingston, Qin Zhang, and Kathleen A. Powell
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 4933–4962, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-4933-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-4933-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Significant efforts are required to estimate the direct radiative effects of aerosols above clouds (DAREcloudy). We have used a combination of passive and active A-Train satellite sensors and derive mainly positive global and regional DAREcloudy values (e.g., global seasonal values between 0.13 and 0.26 W m-2). Despite differences in methods and sensors, the DAREcloudy values in this study are generally higher than previously reported. We discuss the primary reasons for these higher estimates.
Domenico Cimini, Philip W. Rosenkranz, Mikhail Y. Tretyakov, Maksim A. Koshelev, and Filomena Romano
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 15231–15259, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-15231-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-15231-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The paper presents a general approach to quantify the uncertainty related to atmospheric absorption models. These models describe how the atmosphere interacts with radiation, and they have general implications for atmospheric sciences.
The presented approach contributes to a better understanding of the total uncertainty affecting atmospheric radiative properties, thus reducing the chances of systematic errors when observations are exploited for weather forecast or climate trend derivations.
Michael Schäfer, Katharina Loewe, André Ehrlich, Corinna Hoose, and Manfred Wendisch
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 13115–13133, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-13115-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-13115-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Airborne observed horizontal fields of cloud optical thickness are compared with semi-idealized large eddy simulations of Arctic stratus. The comparison focuses on horizontal cloud inhomogeneities and directional features of the small-scale cloud structures. Using inhomogeneity parameters and autocorrelation analysis it is investigated, if the observed small-scale cloud inhomogeneities can be represented by the model. Forcings for cloud inhomogeneities are investigated in a sensitivity study.
Qianqian Song, Zhibo Zhang, Hongbin Yu, Seiji Kato, Ping Yang, Peter Colarco, Lorraine A. Remer, and Claire L. Ryder
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 11303–11322, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-11303-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-11303-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Mineral dust is the most abundant atmospheric aerosol component in terms of dry mass. In this study, we integrate recent aircraft measurements of dust microphysical and optical properties with satellite retrievals of aerosol and radiative fluxes to quantify the dust direct radiative effects on the shortwave and longwave radiation at both the top of the atmosphere and the surface in the tropical North Atlantic during summer months.
Shu-Peng Ho, Liang Peng, Carl Mears, and Richard A. Anthes
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 259–274, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-259-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-259-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we compare 7 years of atmospheric total precipitable water (TPW) derived from multiple microwave radiometers to collocated TPW estimates derived from COSMIC radio occultation under various atmospheric conditions over the oceans. Results show that these two TPW trends from independent observations are larger than previous estimates and are a strong indication of the positive water vapor–temperature feedback on a warming planet.
Anna Mackie, Paul I. Palmer, and Helen Brindley
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 15095–15119, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-15095-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-15095-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We compare the balance of solar and thermal radiation at the surface and the top of the atmosphere from a forecasting model to observations at a site in Niamey, Niger, in the Sahel. To interpret the energy budgets we examine other factors, such as cloud properties, water vapour and aerosols, which we use to understand the differences between the observation and model. We find that some differences are linked to lack of ice in clouds, underestimated aerosol loading and surface temperatures.
Thomas Fauchez, Steven Platnick, Kerry Meyer, Céline Cornet, Frédéric Szczap, and Tamás Várnai
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 8489–8508, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-8489-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-8489-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents impact of cirrus cloud horizontal heterogeneity on simulated thermal infrared brightness temperatures at the top of the atmosphere for spatial resolutions ranging from 50 m to 10 km. The cirrus is generated by the 3DCLOUD code and the radiative transfer by the 3DMCPOL code. Brightness temperatures are mostly impacted by the horizontal transport effect and plane-parallel bias at high and coarse spatial resolutions, respectively, with a minimum around 100 m–250 m.
Zhao-Cheng Zeng, Qiong Zhang, Vijay Natraj, Jack S. Margolis, Run-Lie Shia, Sally Newman, Dejian Fu, Thomas J. Pongetti, Kam W. Wong, Stanley P. Sander, Paul O. Wennberg, and Yuk L. Yung
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 2495–2508, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-2495-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-2495-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We propose a novel approach to describing the scattering effects of atmospheric aerosols using H2O retrievals in the near infrared. We found that the aerosol scattering effect is the primary contributor to the variations in the wavelength dependence of the H2O SCD retrievals and the scattering effects can be derived using H2O retrievals from multiple bands. This proposed method could potentially contribute towards reducing biases in greenhouse gas retrievals from space.
Michael Schäfer, Eike Bierwirth, André Ehrlich, Evelyn Jäkel, Frank Werner, and Manfred Wendisch
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 2359–2372, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-2359-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-2359-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Cloud optical thickness fields, retrieved from solar spectral radiance measurements, are used to investigate the directional structure of horizontal cloud inhomogeneities with scalar one-dimensional inhomogeneity parameters, two-dimensional auto-correlation functions, and two-dimensional Fourier analysis. The investigations reveal that it is not sufficient to quantify horizontal cloud inhomogeneities by one-dimensional inhomogeneity parameters; two-dimensional parameters are necessary.
Quentin Libois, Liviu Ivanescu, Jean-Pierre Blanchet, Hannes Schulz, Heiko Bozem, W. Richard Leaitch, Julia Burkart, Jonathan P. D. Abbatt, Andreas B. Herber, Amir A. Aliabadi, and Éric Girard
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 15689–15707, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-15689-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-15689-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The first airborne measurements performed with the FIRR are presented. Vertical profiles of upwelling spectral radiance in the far-infrared are measured in the Arctic atmosphere for the first time. They show the impact of the temperature inversion on the radiative budget of the atmosphere, especially in the far-infrared. The presence of ice clouds also significantly alters the far-infrared budget, highlighting the critical interplay between water vapour and clouds in this very dry region.
Jani Huttunen, Harri Kokkola, Tero Mielonen, Mika Esa Juhani Mononen, Antti Lipponen, Juha Reunanen, Anders Vilhelm Lindfors, Santtu Mikkonen, Kari Erkki Juhani Lehtinen, Natalia Kouremeti, Alkiviadis Bais, Harri Niska, and Antti Arola
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 8181–8191, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-8181-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-8181-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
For a good estimate of the current forcing by anthropogenic aerosols, knowledge in past is needed. One option to lengthen time series is to retrieve aerosol optical depth from solar radiation measurements. We have evaluated several methods for this task. Most of the methods produce aerosol optical depth estimates with a good accuracy. However, machine learning methods seem to be the most applicable not to produce any systematic biases, since they do not need constrain the aerosol properties.
Claire Pettersen, Ralf Bennartz, Mark S. Kulie, Aronne J. Merrelli, Matthew D. Shupe, and David D. Turner
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 4743–4756, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-4743-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-4743-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We examined four summers of data from a ground-based atmospheric science instrument suite at Summit Station, Greenland, to isolate the signature of the ice precipitation. By using a combination of instruments with different specialities, we identified a passive microwave signature of the ice precipitation. This ice signature compares well to models using synthetic data characteristic of the site.
Zhibo Zhang, Kerry Meyer, Hongbin Yu, Steven Platnick, Peter Colarco, Zhaoyan Liu, and Lazaros Oreopoulos
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 2877–2900, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-2877-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-2877-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The frequency of occurrence and shortwave direct radiative effects (DRE) of above-cloud aerosols (ACAs) over global oceans are investigated using 8 years of collocated CALIOP and MODIS observations. We estimated that ACAs have a global ocean annual mean diurnally averaged cloudy-sky DRE of 0.015 W m−2 (range of −0.03 to 0.06 W m−2) at TOA. The DREs at surface and within atmosphere are −0.15 W m−2 (range of −0.09 to −0.21 W m−2), and 0.17 W m−2 (range of 0.11 to 0.24 W m−2), respectively.
Wenjun Tang, Jun Qin, Kun Yang, Shaomin Liu, Ning Lu, and Xiaolei Niu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 2543–2557, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-2543-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-2543-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, we develop a new method to quickly retrieve high-resolution surface solar radiation (SSR) over China by combining MODIS and MTSAT data. The RMSEs of the retrieved SSR at hourly, daily, and monthly scales are about 98.5, 34.2, and 22.1 W m−2. The accuracy is comparable to or even higher than other two satellite radiation products. Finally, we derive an 8-year high-resolution SSR data set (hourly, 5 km) from 2007 to 2014, which would contribute to studies of land surface processes.
S. Doniki, D. Hurtmans, L. Clarisse, C. Clerbaux, H. M. Worden, K. W. Bowman, and P.-F. Coheur
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 12971–12987, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-12971-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-12971-2015, 2015
W. Sun, R. R. Baize, G. Videen, Y. Hu, and Q. Fu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 11909–11918, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-11909-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-11909-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
A method is reported for retrieving super-thin cloud optical depth with polarized light. It is found that near-backscatter p-polarized light is sensitive to clouds, but not to ocean conditions. Near-backscatter p-polarized intensity linearly relates to super-thin cloud optical depth. Based on these findings, super-thin cloud optical depth can be retrieved with little effect from surface reflection.
M. Schäfer, E. Bierwirth, A. Ehrlich, E. Jäkel, and M. Wendisch
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 8147–8163, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-8147-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-8147-2015, 2015
W. Sun, R. R. Baize, C. Lukashin, and Y. Hu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 7725–7734, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-7725-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-7725-2015, 2015
E. C. Turner, H.-T. Lee, and S. F. B. Tett
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 6561–6575, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-6561-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-6561-2015, 2015
M. M. Wonsick, R. T. Pinker, and Y. Ma
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 8749–8761, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-8749-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-8749-2014, 2014
X. Ceamanos, D. Carrer, and J.-L. Roujean
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 8209–8232, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-8209-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-8209-2014, 2014
Q. Shi and S. Liang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 5659–5677, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-5659-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-5659-2014, 2014
C. Fricke, A. Ehrlich, E. Jäkel, B. Bohn, M. Wirth, and M. Wendisch
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 1943–1958, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1943-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1943-2014, 2014
Y. Ma, Z. Zhu, L. Zhong, B. Wang, C. Han, Z. Wang, Y. Wang, L. Lu, P. M. Amatya, W. Ma, and Z. Hu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 1507–1515, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1507-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1507-2014, 2014
L. Shi, C. J. Schreck III, and V. O. John
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 6907–6920, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-6907-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-6907-2013, 2013
M. J. Alvarado, V. H. Payne, E. J. Mlawer, G. Uymin, M. W. Shephard, K. E. Cady-Pereira, J. S. Delamere, and J.-L. Moncet
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 6687–6711, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-6687-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-6687-2013, 2013
T. Várnai, A. Marshak, and W. Yang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 3899–3908, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-3899-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-3899-2013, 2013
A. Riihelä, T. Manninen, V. Laine, K. Andersson, and F. Kaspar
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 3743–3762, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-3743-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-3743-2013, 2013
Y. L. Roberts, P. Pilewskie, B. C. Kindel, D. R. Feldman, and W. D. Collins
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 3133–3147, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-3133-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-3133-2013, 2013
C. L. Young, I. N. Sokolik, and J. Dufek
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 3699–3715, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-3699-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-3699-2012, 2012
A. Ehrlich, E. Bierwirth, M. Wendisch, A. Herber, and J.-F. Gayet
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 3493–3510, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-3493-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-3493-2012, 2012
E. M. Wilcox
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 139–149, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-139-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-139-2012, 2012
Cited articles
Adams, C. N., and Kattawar, G. W.: Solutions of the equations of radiative transfer by an invariant imbedding approach, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Trans., 10, 341–356, 1970.
Ambartsumian, V. A.: Theoretical Astrophysics, Pergamon Press, New York, 1958.
Chamaillard, K., Jennings, S. G., Kleefeld, C., Ceburnis, D., and Yoon, Y. J.: Light backscattering and scattering by nonspherical sea-salt aerosols, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Trans., 79/80, 577–597, 2003.
Chami, M.: Importance of the polarization in the retrieval of oceanic constituents from the remote sensing reflectance, J. Geophys. Res., 112, C05026, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JC003843, 2007.
Chami, M., Santer, R., and Dilligeard, E.: Radiative transfer model for the computation of radiance and polarization in an ocean-atmopshere system: polarization properties of suspended matter for remote sensing, Appl. Opt., 40, 2398–2416, 2001.
Chandrasekhar, S.: Radiative Transfer, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1950.
Chowdhary, J., Cairns, B., and Travis, L. D.: Case studies of aerosol retrievals over the ocean from multiangle, multispectral photopolarimetric remote sensing data, J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 383–397, 2002.
Chowdhary, J., Cairns, B., and Travis, L. D.: Contribution of water leaving radiances to multiangle, multispectral polarimetric observations over the open ocean: Bio-optical model results for case 1 waters, Appl. Opt., 45, 5542–5567, 2006.
Clough, S. A. and Iacono, M. J.: Line-by-line calculations of atmospheric fluxes and cooling rates II: Application to carbon dioxide, ozone, methane, nitrous oxide, and the halocarbons, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 16519–16535, 1995.
Clough, S. A., Iacono, M. J., and Moncet, J.-L.: Line-by-line calculation of atmospheric fluxes and cooling rates: Application to water vapor, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 15761–15785, 1992.
Cornet, C., Labonnote, L. C., and Szczap, F.: Three-dimensional polarized Monte Carlo atmospheric radiative transfer model (3DMCPOL): 3-D effects on polarized visible reflectances of a cirrus cloud, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Trans., 111, 174–186, 2010.
Coulson, K. L.: Polarization and Intensity of Light in the Atmosphere, A. Deepak, Hampton, VA, 1988.
Cox, C. and Munk, W.: Measurement of the roughness of the sea surface from photographs of the sun's glitter, J. Opt. Soc. Amer., 44, 838–850, 1954.
Cox, C. and Munk, W.: Slopes of the sea surface deduced from photographs of sun glitter, Bull. Scripps Inst. Oceanogr., 6, 40l–488, 1956.
Dave, J. V.: Meaning of successive iteration of the auxiliary equation of radiative transfer, Astrophys. J., 140, 1292–1303, 1964.
Davies, C.: Size distribution of atmospheric particles, Aerosol Sci., 5, 293–300, 1974.
de Haan, J. F., Bosma, P. B., and Hovenier, J. W.: The adding method for multiple scattering calculations of polarized light, Astron. Astrophys., 183, 371–391, 1987.
Deirmendjian, D.: Scattering and polarization properties of water clouds and hazes in the visible and infrared, Appl. Opt., 3, 187–196, 1964.
Deirmendjian, D.: Electromagnetic scattering on spherical polydispersions, American Elsevier Publishing Company, Inc., New York, 1969.
Deschamps, P. Y., Bréon, F. M., Leroy, M., Podaire, A., Bricaud, A., Buriez, J. C., and Sèze, G.: The POLDER mission: Instrument characteristics and scientific objectives, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 32, 598–615, 1994.
Duan, M., Min, Q., and Lu, D.: A polarized Radiative Transfer model based on successive order of scattering, Adv. Atmos. Sci., 27, 891–900, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-009-9049-8, 2010.
Evans, K. F. and Stephens, G. L.: A new polarized atmospheric radiative transfer model, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Trans., 46, 413–423, 1991.
Fu, Q.: An accurate parameterization of the solar radiative properties of cirrus clouds for climate models, J. Climate, 9, 2058–2082, 1996.
Fu, Q. and Sun, W.: Mie theory for light scattering by a spherical particle in an absorbing medium, Appl. Opt., 40, 1354–1361, 2001.
Hammersley, J. M. and D. C. Handscomb, D. C.: Monte Carlo Methods, Methuen & Co Ltd., London, 1964.
Hansen, J. E.: Exact and approximation solutions for multiple scattering by cloudy and haze planetary atmospheres, J. Atmos. Sci., 26, 478–487, 1968.
Hansen, J. E. and Hovenier, J. W.: The doubling method applied to multiple scattering of polarized light, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Trans., 11, 809–812, 1971.
Hansen, J. E. and Travis, L. D.: Light scattering in planetary atmospheres, Space Sci. Rev., 16, 527–610, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00168069, 1974.
Hovenier, J. W.: Multiple Scattering of Polarized Light in Planetary Atmospheres, Astron. Astrophys., 13, 7-29, 1971.
Irvine, W. M.: Multiple scattering by large particles, Astrophys. J., 142, 1563–1575, 1965.
Kato, S., Ackerman, T. P., Mather, J. H., and Clothiaux, E. E.: The k-distribution method and correlated-k approximation for a shortwave radiative transfer model, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Trans., 62, 109–121, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-4073(98)00075-2, 1999.
Kattawar, G. W. and Adams C. N.: Stokes vector calculations of the submarine light field in an atmosphere-ocean with scattering according to a Rayleigh phase matrix: effect of interface refractive index on the radiance and polarization, Limnol. Oceanogr. 34, 1463–1472, 1989.
Kattawar, G. W., Plass, G. N., and Guinn, J. A.: Monte Carlo calculations of the polarization of radiation in the earth's atmosphere-ocean system, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 3, 353–372, 1973.
King, M. D., Kaufman, Y. J., Menzel, W. P., and Tanré, D.: Remote sensing of cloud, aerosol and water vapor properties from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS), IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 30, 2–27, 1992.
Kneizys. F. X., Shettle, E. P., Abreu, L. W., Chetwynd, J. H., Anderson, G. P., Gallery, W. O., Selby, J. E. A., and Clough, S. A.: Users guide to LOWTRAN 7, AFGL-TR-88-0177, 1988.
Koepke, P.: Effective reflectance of oceanic whitecaps, Appl. Opt., 23, 1816–1824, 1984.
Lacis, A. A., Chowdhary, J., Mishchenko, M. I., and Cairns, B.: Modeling errors in diffuse-sky radiation: Vector vs. scalar treatment, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 135–138, https://doi.org/10.1029/97GL03613, 1998.
Lenoble, J., Herman, M., Deuze, J. L., Lafrance, B., Santer, R., and Tanre, D.: A successive order of scattering code for solving the vector equation of transfer in the earth's atmosphere with aerosols, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Trans., 107, 479–507, 2007.
Lukashin, C., Wielicki, B. A., Young, D. F., Thome, K. J., Jin, Z., and Sun, W.: Uncertainty estimates for imager reference inter-calibration with CLARREO reflected solar spectrometer, IEEE Transac. Geosci. Remote Sens., 51, 1425–1436, 2013.
Macke, A.: Scattering of light by polyhedral ice crystals, Appl. Opt., 32, 2780–2788, 1993.
Maignan, F., Breon, F.-M., Fedele, E., and Bouvier, M.: Polarized reflectances of natural surfaces: Spaceborne measurements and analytical modeling, Remote Sens. Environ., 113, 2642–2650, 2009.
Mayer, B.: Radiative transfer in the cloudy atmosphere, Eur. Phys. J. Conf., 1, 75–99, 2009.
McClatchey, R. A., Fenn, R. W., Selby, J. E. A., Volz, F. E., and Garing, J. S.: Optical properties of the atmosphere, 3rd Edn., Environ Res. Pap., 411, Air Force Cambridge Res. Lab., Bedford, MA, 1972.
Mie, G.: Beiträge zur optik trüber medien, speziell kolloidaler metallösungen, Leipzig, Ann. Phys., 330, 377–445, 1908.
Min, Q., and Duan, M.: A successive order of scattering model for solving vector radiative transfer in the atmosphere, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Trans., 87, 243–259, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2003.12.019, 2004.
Mishchenko, M. I. and Travis, L. D.: Satellite retrieval of aerosol properties over the ocean using polarization as well as intensity of reflected sunlight, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 16989–17013, https://doi.org/10.1029/96JD02425, 1997.
Mishchenko, M. I., Cairns, B., Kopp, G., Schueler, C. F., Fafaul, B. A., Hansen, J. E., Hooker, R. J., Itchkawich, T., Maring, H. B., and Travis, L. D.: Accurate monitoring of terrestrial aerosols and total solar irradiance: Introducing the Glory mission, Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc., 88, 677–691, 2007.
Mishchenko, M. I., Liu, L. and Mackowski, D. W.: T-matrix modeling of linear depolarization by morphologically complex soot and soot-containing aerosols, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Trans., 123, 135–144, 2013.
Mitchell, D., Chai, S., Liu, Y., Heymsfield, A., and Dong, Y.: Modeling cirrus clouds. Part I: treatment of bimodal size spectra and case study analysis, J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 2952-2966, 1996.
Monahan, E. C. and O'Muircheartaigh, I. G.: Optimal power-law description of oceanic whitecap coverage dependence on wind speed, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 10, 2094–2099, 1980.
Morel, A.: Optical modeling of the upper ocean in relation to its biogenous matter content (Case I waters), J. Geophys. Res., 93, 10749–10768, 1988.
Nadal, F. and Breon, F.-M.: Parameterization of surface polarized reflectance derived from POLDER spaceborne measurements, IEEE Transac. Geosci. Remote Sens., 37, 1709–1718, 1999.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and United States Air Force: U.S. Standard Atmosphere, NOAA-S/T 76-1562, 1976.
Ota, Y., Higurashi, A., Nakajima, T., and Yokota, T.: Matrix formulations of radiative transfer including the polarization effect in a coupled atmosphere–ocean system, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Trans., 111, 878–894, 2010.
Ott, W.: A physical explanation of the lognormality of pollutant concentrations, J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc., 40, 1378–1383, 1990.
Peebles, G. H. and Plesset, M. S.: Transmission of Gamma-rays through large thicknesses of heavy materials, Phys. Rev., 81, 430–439, 1951.
Petty, G. W. and Huang, W.: The modified gamma size distribution applied to inhomogeneous and nonspherical particles: Key relationships and conversions, J. Atmos. Sci., 68, 1460–1473, 2011.
Plass, G. N. and Kattawar, G. W.: Monte Carlo calculations of light scattering from clouds, Appl. Opt., 7, 415–419, 1968.
Porter, J. N. and Clarke, A. D.: Aerosol size distribution models based on in situ measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 6035–6045, 1997.
Reist, P. C.: Introduction to Aerosol Science, McMillan, New York, 1984.
Rozanov, V. V. and Kokhanovsky, A. A.: The solution of the vector radiative transfer equation using the discrete ordinates technique: selected applications, Atmos. Res., 79, 241–265, 2006.
Schultz, F. M., Stamnes, K., and Weng, F.: VDISORT: An improved and generalized discrete ordinate method for polarized (vector) radiative transfer, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Trans., 61, 105–122, 1999.
Stam, D. M., de Haan, J. F., Hovenier, J. W., and Stammes, P.: Degree of linear polarization of light emerging from the cloudless atmosphere in the oxygen A band, J. Geophys. Res., 104, l6843–16858, 1999.
Stamnes, K., Tsay, S.-C., Wiscombe, W., and Jayaweera, K.: Numerically stable algorithm for discrete-ordinate-method radiative transfer in multiple scattering and emitting layered media, Appl. Opt., 27, 2502–2509, 1988.
Stokes, G. G.: On the intensity of the light reflected from or transmitted through a pile of plates, Proc. R. Soc. London, 11, 545–556, 1862.
Sun, J. and Xiong, X.: MODIS polarization-sensitivity analysis, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Rem. Sens., 45, 2875–2885, 2007.
Sun, W., Fu, Q., and Chen, Z.: Finite-difference time domain solution of light scattering by dielectric particles with a perfectly matched layer absorbing boundary condition, Appl. Opt., 38, 3141–3151, 1999.
Sun, W., Loeb, N. G., and Fu, Q.: Finite-difference time domain solution of light scattering and absorption by particles in an absorbing medium, Appl. Opt., 41, 5728–5743, 2002.
Sun, W., Videen, G., Kato, S., Lin, B., Lukashin, C., and Hu, Y.: A study of subvisual clouds and their radiation effect with a synergy of CERES, MODIS, CALIPSO and AIRS data, J. Geophy. Res., 116, D22207, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD016422, 2011.
Sun, W., Liu, Z., Videen, G., Fu, Q., Muinonen, K., Winker, D. M., Lukashin, C., Jin, Z., Lin, B., and Huang, J.: For the depolarization of linearly polarized light by smoke particles, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Trans., 122, 233–237, 2013.
Sun, W., Videen, G., Fu, Q., and Hu, Y.: Scattered-field FDTD and PSTD algorithms with CPML absorbing boundary conditions for light scattering by aerosols, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Trans., in press, 2013.
Tsang, L., Kong, J. A., and Shin, R. T.: Theory of Microwave Remote Sensing, John Wiley, New York, 1985.
Twomey, S., Jacobowitz, N., and Howell, H. B.: Matrix methods for multiple-scattering problems, J. Atmos. Sci., 23, 289–296, 1966.
van de Hulst, H. C.: Scattering in a planetary atmosphere, Astrophys. J., 107, 220–246, 1948.
van de Hulst, H. C.: A new look at multiple scattering, Tech. Rep., Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, 1963.
Whitby, K.: The physical characteristics of sulfur aerosols, Atmos. Environ., 12, 135–159, 1978.
Wielicki, B. A., Young, D. F., Mlynczak, M. G., Thome, K. J., Leroy, S., Corliss, J., Anderson, J. G., Ao, C. O., Bantges, R., Best, F., Bowman, K., Brindley, H., Butler, J. J., Collins, W., Doelling, D. R., Dykema, J. A., Feldman, D. R., Fox, N., Holz, R. E., Huang, X., Huang, Y., Jennings, D. E., Jin, Z., Johnson, D. G., Jucks, K., Kato, S., Kirk-Davidoff, D. B., Knuteson, R., Kopp, G., Kratz, D. P., Liu, X., Lukashin, C., Mannucci, A. J., Phojanamongkolkij, N., Pilewskie, P., Ramaswamy, V., Revercomb, H., Rice, J., Roberts, Y., Roithmayr, C. M., Rose, F., Sandford, S., Shirley, E. L., Smith, Sr., W. L., Soden, B., Speth, P. W., Sun, W., Taylor, P. C., Tobin, D., and Xiong, X.: Climate absolute radiance and refractivity observatory (CLARREO): Achieving climate change absolute accuracy in orbit, Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., in press, 2013.
World Meteorological Organization: Atmospheric ozone 1985, Global ozone research and monitoring project, Report No. 16, 1985
Yang, P. and Liou, K. N.: Geometric-optics–-integral-equation method for light scattering by nonspherical ice crystals, Appl. Opt., 35, 6568–6584, 1996.
Zhai, P.-W., Hu, Y., Chowdhary, J., Trepte, C. R., Lucker, P. L., and Josset, D. B.: A vector radiative transfer model for coupled atmosphere and ocean systems with a rough interface, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Trans., 111, 1025–1040, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2009.12.005, 2010.
Zubko, E., Shkuratov, Y., Kiselev, N. N., and Videen, G.: DDA simulations of light scattering by small irregular particles with various structure, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Trans., 101, 416–434, 2006.
Zubko, E., Kimura, H., Shkuratov, Y., Muinonen, K., Yamamoto, T., Okamoto, H., and Videen, G.: Effect of absorption on light scattering by agglomerated debris particles, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Trans., 110, 1741–1749, 2009.
Zubko, E., Muinonen, K., Munoz, O., Nousiainen, T., Shkuratov, Y., Sun, W., Videen, G.: Light scattering by feldspar particles: Comparison of model agglomerate debris particles with laboratory samples, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Trans., in press, 2013.
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint