Articles | Volume 10, issue 18
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-8697-2010
© Author(s) 2010. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Special issue:
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-8697-2010
© Author(s) 2010. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
16 Sep 2010
An overview of the MILAGRO 2006 Campaign: Mexico City emissions and their transport and transformation
L. T. Molina
Molina Center for Energy and the Environment, California, and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
S. Madronich
National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
J. S. Gaffney
University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
E. Apel
National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
B. de Foy
Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
J. Fast
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
R. Ferrare
National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA
S. Herndon
Aerodyne Research Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts, USA
J. L. Jimenez
Cooperative Institute for Research in the Environmental Sciences (CIRES) and University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
B. Lamb
Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
A. R. Osornio-Vargas
Instituto Nacional de Cancerología and Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México
P. Russell
NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA
J. J. Schauer
University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
P. S. Stevens
Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
R. Volkamer
Cooperative Institute for Research in the Environmental Sciences (CIRES) and University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
M. Zavala
Molina Center for Energy and the Environment, California, and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
Related subject area
Subject: Gases | Research Activity: Field Measurements | Altitude Range: Troposphere | Science Focus: Chemistry (chemical composition and reactions)
Biomass-burning sources control ambient particulate matter, but traffic and industrial sources control volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions and secondary-pollutant formation during extreme pollution events in Delhi
Multi-year observations of variable incomplete combustion in the New York megacity
Observations of the vertical distributions of summertime atmospheric pollutants in Nam Co: OH production and source analysis
Measurement report: Elevated atmospheric ammonia may promote particle pH and HONO formation – insights from the COVID-19 pandemic
Measurement report: Vertical and temporal variability in the near-surface ozone production rate and sensitivity in an urban area in the Pearl River Delta region, China
Elevated oxidized mercury in the free troposphere: analytical advances and application at a remote continental mountaintop site
Using observed urban NOx sinks to constrain VOC reactivity and the ozone and radical budget in the Seoul Metropolitan Area
Real-world emission characteristics of VOCs from typical cargo ships and their potential contributions to secondary organic aerosol and O3 under low-sulfur fuel policies
NO3 reactivity during a summer period in a temperate forest below and above the canopy
The role of oceanic ventilation and terrestrial outflow in atmospheric non-methane hydrocarbons over the Chinese marginal seas
Concentration and source changes of nitrous acid (HONO) during the COVID-19 lockdown in Beijing
Characteristics and sources of nonmethane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) and O3–NOx–NMVOC relationships in Zhengzhou, China
Deciphering anthropogenic and biogenic contributions to selected non-methane volatile organic compound emissions in an urban area
Emission characteristics of reactive organic gases (ROGs) from industrial volatile chemical products (VCPs) in the Pearl River Delta (PRD), China
Measurement report: Enhanced photochemical formation of formic and isocyanic acids in urban regions aloft – insights from tower-based online gradient measurements
Sources of organic gases and aerosol particles and their roles in nighttime particle growth at a rural forested site in southwest Germany
Surface snow bromide and nitrate at Eureka, Canada, in early spring and implications for polar boundary layer chemistry
Opinion: Strengthening research in the Global South – atmospheric science opportunities in South America and Africa
Measurement Report: Urban Ammonia and Amines in Houston, Texas
Analysis of ozone vertical profile day-to-day variability in the lower troposphere during the Paris-2022 ACROSS campaign
Consistency evaluation of tropospheric ozone from ozonesonde and IAGOS aircraft observations: vertical distribution, ozonesonde types and station-airport distance
Investigating Carbonyl Compounds above the Amazon Rainforest using PTR-ToF-MS with NO+ Chemical Ionization
Shipping and algae emissions have a major impact on ambient air mixing ratios of non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) and methanethiol on Utö Island in the Baltic Sea
Contribution of cooking emissions to the urban volatile organic compounds in Las Vegas, NV
Reanalysis of NOAA H2 observations: implications for the H2 budget
A large role of missing volatile organic compound reactivity from anthropogenic emissions in ozone pollution regulation
Measurement report: Insights into the chemical composition and origin of molecular clusters and potential precursor molecules present in the free troposphere over the southern Indian Ocean: observations from the Maïdo Observatory (2150 m a.s.l., Réunion)
Ozone deposition measurements over wheat fields in the North China Plain: variability and related factors of deposition flux and velocity
Production of oxygenated volatile organic compounds from the ozonolysis of coastal seawater
Comment on “Transport of substantial stratospheric ozone to the surface by a dying typhoon and shallow convection” by Chen et al. (2022)
Observations of cyanogen bromide (BrCN) in the global troposphere and their relation to polar surface O3 destruction
CO2 and CO temporal variability over Mexico City from ground-based total column and surface measurements
Individual coal mine methane emissions constrained by eddy covariance measurements: low bias and missing sources
Measurement report: In-flight and ground-based measurements of nitrogen oxide emissions from latest generation jet engines and 100% sustainable aviation fuel
Measurement report: Observations of ground-level ozone concentration gradients perpendicular to the Lake Ontario shoreline
Measurement report: The Palau Atmospheric Observatory and its ozonesonde record – continuous monitoring of tropospheric composition and dynamics in the tropical western Pacific
Quantifying SO2 oxidation pathways to atmospheric sulfate using stable sulfur and oxygen isotopes: laboratory simulation and field observation
Influences of downward transport and photochemistry on surface ozone over East Antarctica during austral summer: in situ observations and model simulations
Iodine oxoacids and their roles in sub-3 nm particle growth in polluted urban environments
Intensive photochemical oxidation in the marine atmosphere: evidence from direct radical measurements
Diurnal variations in oxygen and nitrogen isotopes of atmospheric nitrogen dioxide and nitrate: implications for tracing NOx oxidation pathways and emission sources
Measurement report: Method for evaluating CO2 emissions from a cement plant using atmospheric δ(O2 ∕ N2) and CO2 measurements and its implication for future detection of CO2 capture signals
Aircraft-based mass balance estimate of methane emissions from offshore gas facilities in the southern North Sea
Measurement report: Sources, sinks and lifetime of NOX in a sub-urban temperate forest at night
Parameterizations of US wildfire and prescribed fire emission ratios and emission factors based on FIREX-AQ aircraft measurements
Measurement report: Atmospheric nitrate radical chemistry in the South China Sea influenced by the urban outflow of the Pearl River Delta
The interhemispheric gradient of SF6 in the upper troposphere
Weather regimes and the related atmospheric composition at a Pyrenean observatory characterized by hierarchical clustering of a 5-year data set
Tropospheric bromine monoxide vertical profiles retrieved across the Alaskan Arctic in springtime
Source apportionment of methane emissions from the Upper Silesian Coal Basin using isotopic signatures
Arpit Awasthi, Baerbel Sinha, Haseeb Hakkim, Sachin Mishra, Varkrishna Mummidivarapu, Gurmanjot Singh, Sachin D. Ghude, Vijay Kumar Soni, Narendra Nigam, Vinayak Sinha, and Madhavan N. Rajeevan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 10279–10304, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10279-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10279-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We use 111 volatile organic compounds (VOCs), PM10, and PM2.5 in a positive matrix factorization (PMF) model to resolve 11 pollution sources validated with chemical fingerprints. Crop residue burning and heating account for ~ 50 % of the PM, while traffic and industrial emissions dominate the gas-phase VOC burden and formation potential of secondary organic aerosols (> 60 %). Non-tailpipe emissions from compressed-natural-gas-fuelled commercial vehicles dominate the transport sector's PM burden.
Luke D. Schiferl, Cong Cao, Bronte Dalton, Andrew Hallward-Driemeier, Ricardo Toledo-Crow, and Róisín Commane
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 10129–10142, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10129-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10129-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Carbon monoxide (CO) is an air pollutant and an important indicator of the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels in cities. Using 4 years of winter and spring observations in New York City, we found that both the magnitude and variability of CO from the metropolitan area are greater than expected. Transportation emissions cannot explain the missing and variable CO, which points to energy from buildings as a likely underappreciated source of urban air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions.
Chengzhi Xing, Cheng Liu, Chunxiang Ye, Jingkai Xue, Hongyu Wu, Xiangguang Ji, Jinping Ou, and Qihou Hu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 10093–10112, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10093-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10093-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We identified the contributions of ozone (O3) and nitrous acid (HONO) to the production rates of hydroxide (OH) in vertical space on the Tibetan Plateau (TP). A new insight was offered: the contributions of HONO and O3 to the production rates of OH on the TP are even greater than in lower-altitudes areas. This study enriches the understanding of vertical distribution of atmospheric components and explains the strong atmospheric oxidation capacity (AOC) on the TP.
Xinyuan Zhang, Lingling Wang, Nan Wang, Shuangliang Ma, Shenbo Wang, Ruiqin Zhang, Dong Zhang, Mingkai Wang, and Hongyu Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 9885–9898, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9885-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9885-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study highlights the importance of the redox reaction of NO2 with SO2 based on actual atmospheric observations. The particle pH in future China is expected to rise steadily. Consequently, this reaction could become a significant source of HONO in China. Therefore, it is crucial to coordinate the control of SO2, NOx, and NH3 emissions to avoid a rapid increase in the particle pH.
Jun Zhou, Chunsheng Zhang, Aiming Liu, Bin Yuan, Yan Wang, Wenjie Wang, Jie-Ping Zhou, Yixin Hao, Xiao-Bing Li, Xianjun He, Xin Song, Yubin Chen, Suxia Yang, Shuchun Yang, Yanfeng Wu, Bin Jiang, Shan Huang, Junwen Liu, Yuwen Peng, Jipeng Qi, Minhui Deng, Bowen Zhong, Yibo Huangfu, and Min Shao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 9805–9826, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9805-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9805-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In-depth understanding of the near-ground vertical variability in photochemical ozone (O3) formation is crucial for mitigating O3 pollution. Utilizing a self-built vertical observation system, a direct net photochemical O3 production rate detection system, and an observation-based model, we diagnosed the vertical distributions and formation mechanism of net photochemical O3 production rates and sensitivity in the Pearl River Delta region, one of the most O3-polluted areas in China.
Eleanor J. Derry, Tyler R. Elgiar, Taylor Y. Wilmot, Nicholas W. Hoch, Noah S. Hirshorn, Peter Weiss-Penzias, Christopher F. Lee, John C. Lin, A. Gannet Hallar, Rainer Volkamer, Seth N. Lyman, and Lynne E. Gratz
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 9615–9643, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9615-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9615-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Mercury (Hg) is a globally distributed neurotoxic pollutant. Atmospheric deposition is the main source of Hg in ecosystems. However, measurement biases hinder understanding of the origins and abundance of the more bioavailable oxidized form. We used an improved, calibrated measurement system to study air mass composition and transport of atmospheric Hg at a remote mountaintop site in the central US. Oxidized Hg originated upwind in the low to middle free troposphere under clean, dry conditions.
Benjamin A. Nault, Katherine R. Travis, James H. Crawford, Donald R. Blake, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Ronald C. Cohen, Joshua P. DiGangi, Glenn S. Diskin, Samuel R. Hall, L. Gregory Huey, Jose L. Jimenez, Kyung-Eun Min, Young Ro Lee, Isobel J. Simpson, Kirk Ullmann, and Armin Wisthaler
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 9573–9595, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9573-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9573-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ozone (O3) is a pollutant formed from the reactions of gases emitted from various sources. In urban areas, the density of human activities can increase the O3 formation rate (P(O3)), thus impacting air quality and health. Observations collected over Seoul, South Korea, are used to constrain P(O3). A high local P(O3) was found; however, local P(O3) was partly reduced due to compounds typically ignored. These observations also provide constraints for unmeasured compounds that will impact P(O3).
Fan Zhang, Binyu Xiao, Zeyu Liu, Yan Zhang, Chongguo Tian, Rui Li, Can Wu, Yali Lei, Si Zhang, Xinyi Wan, Yubao Chen, Yong Han, Min Cui, Cheng Huang, Hongli Wang, Yingjun Chen, and Gehui Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8999–9017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8999-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8999-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Mandatory use of low-sulfur fuel due to global sulfur limit regulations means large uncertainties in volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions. On-board tests of VOCs from nine cargo ships in China were carried out. Results showed that switching from heavy-fuel oil to diesel increased emission factor VOCs by 48 % on average, enhancing O3 and the secondary organic aerosol formation potential. Thus, implementing a global ultra-low-sulfur oil policy needs to be optimized in the near future.
Patrick Dewald, Tobias Seubert, Simone T. Andersen, Gunther N. T. E. Türk, Jan Schuladen, Max R. McGillen, Cyrielle Denjean, Jean-Claude Etienne, Olivier Garrouste, Marina Jamar, Sergio Harb, Manuela Cirtog, Vincent Michoud, Mathieu Cazaunau, Antonin Bergé, Christopher Cantrell, Sebastien Dusanter, Bénédicte Picquet-Varrault, Alexandre Kukui, Chaoyang Xue, Abdelwahid Mellouki, Jos Lelieveld, and John N. Crowley
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8983–8997, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8983-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8983-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In the scope of a field campaign in a suburban forest near Paris in the summer of 2022, we measured the reactivity of the nitrate radical NO3 towards biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs; e.g. monoterpenes) mainly below but also above the canopy. NO3 reactivity was the highest during nights with strong temperature inversions and decreased strongly with height. Reactions with BVOCs were the main removal process of NO3 throughout the diel cycle below the canopy.
Jian Wang, Lei Xue, Qianyao Ma, Feng Xu, Gaobin Xu, Shibo Yan, Jiawei Zhang, Jianlong Li, Honghai Zhang, Guiling Zhang, and Zhaohui Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8721–8736, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8721-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8721-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigated the distribution and sources of non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) in the lower atmosphere over the marginal seas of China. NMHCs, a subset of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), play a crucial role in atmospheric chemistry. Derived from systematic atmospheric sampling in coastal cities and marginal sea regions, this study offers valuable insights into the interaction between land and sea in shaping offshore atmospheric NMHCs.
Yusheng Zhang, Feixue Zheng, Zemin Feng, Chaofan Lian, Weigang Wang, Xiaolong Fan, Wei Ma, Zhuohui Lin, Chang Li, Gen Zhang, Chao Yan, Ying Zhang, Veli-Matti Kerminen, Federico Bianch, Tuukka Petäjä, Juha Kangasluoma, Markku Kulmala, and Yongchun Liu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8569–8587, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8569-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8569-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The nitrous acid (HONO) budget was validated during a COVID-19 lockdown event. The main conclusions are (1) HONO concentrations showed a significant decrease from 0.97 to 0.53 ppb during lockdown; (2) vehicle emissions accounted for 53 % of nighttime sources, with the heterogeneous conversion of NO2 on ground surfaces more important than aerosol; and (3) the dominant daytime source shifted from the homogenous reaction between NO and OH (51 %) to nitrate photolysis (53 %) during lockdown.
Dong Zhang, Xiao Li, Minghao Yuan, Yifei Xu, Qixiang Xu, Fangcheng Su, Shenbo Wang, and Ruiqin Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8549–8567, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8549-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8549-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The increasing concentration of O3 precursors and unfavorable meteorological conditions are key factors in the formation of O3 pollution in Zhengzhou. Vehicular exhausts (28 %), solvent usage (27 %), and industrial production (22 %) are identified as the main sources of NMVOCs. Moreover, O3 formation in Zhengzhou is found to be in an anthropogenic volatile organic compound (AVOC)-limited regime. Thus, to reduce O3 formation, a minimum AVOCs / NOx reduction ratio ≥ 3 : 1 is recommended.
Arianna Peron, Martin Graus, Marcus Striednig, Christian Lamprecht, Georg Wohlfahrt, and Thomas Karl
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 7063–7083, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7063-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7063-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The anthropogenic fraction of non-methane volatile organic compound (NMVOC) emissions associated with biogenic sources (e.g., terpenes) is investigated based on eddy covariance observations. The anthropogenic fraction of terpene emissions is strongly dependent on season. When analyzing volatile chemical product (VCP) emissions in urban environments, we caution that observations from short-term campaigns might over-/underestimate their significance depending on local and seasonal circumstances.
Sihang Wang, Bin Yuan, Xianjun He, Ru Cui, Xin Song, Yubin Chen, Caihong Wu, Chaomin Wang, Yibo Huangfu, Xiao-Bing Li, Boguang Wang, and Min Shao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 7101–7121, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7101-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7101-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Emissions of reactive organic gases from industrial volatile chemical product sources are measured. There are large differences among these industrial sources. We show that oxygenated species account for significant contributions to reactive organic gas emissions, especially for industrial sources utilizing water-borne chemicals.
Qing Yang, Xiao-Bing Li, Bin Yuan, Xiaoxiao Zhang, Yibo Huangfu, Lei Yang, Xianjun He, Jipeng Qi, and Min Shao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 6865–6882, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6865-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6865-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Online vertical gradient measurements of formic and isocyanic acids were made based on a 320 m tower in a megacity. Vertical variations and sources of the two acids were analyzed in this study. We find that formic and isocyanic acids exhibited positive vertical gradients and were mainly contributed by photochemical formations. The formation of formic and isocyanic acids was also significantly enhanced in urban regions aloft.
Junwei Song, Harald Saathoff, Feng Jiang, Linyu Gao, Hengheng Zhang, and Thomas Leisner
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 6699–6717, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6699-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6699-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents concurrent online measurements of organic gas and particles (VOCs and OA) at a forested site in summer. Both VOCs and OA were largely contributed by oxygenated organic compounds. Semi-volatile oxygenated OA and organic nitrate formed from monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes contributed significantly to nighttime particle growth. The results help us to understand the causes of nighttime particle growth regularly observed in summer in central European rural forested environments.
Xin Yang, Kimberly Strong, Alison S. Criscitiello, Marta Santos-Garcia, Kristof Bognar, Xiaoyi Zhao, Pierre Fogal, Kaley A. Walker, Sara M. Morris, and Peter Effertz
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 5863–5886, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5863-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5863-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study uses snow samples collected from a Canadian high Arctic site, Eureka, to demonstrate that surface snow in early spring is a net sink of atmospheric bromine and nitrogen. Surface snow bromide and nitrate are significantly correlated, indicating the oxidation of reactive nitrogen is accelerated by reactive bromine. In addition, we show evidence that snow photochemical release of reactive bromine is very weak, and its emission flux is much smaller than the deposition flux of bromide.
Rebecca M. Garland, Katye E. Altieri, Laura Dawidowski, Laura Gallardo, Aderiana Mbandi, Nestor Y. Rojas, and N'datchoh E. Touré
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 5757–5764, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5757-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5757-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This opinion piece focuses on two geographical areas in the Global South where the authors are based that are underrepresented in atmospheric science. This opinion provides context on common challenges and constraints, with suggestions on how the community can address these. The focus is on the strengths of atmospheric science research in these regions. It is these strengths, we believe, that highlight the critical role of Global South researchers in the future of atmospheric science research.
Lee Tiszenkel, James Flynn, and Shan-Hu Lee
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1230, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1230, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ammonia and amines are important ingredients for aerosol formation in urban environments, but the measurements of these compounds are extremely challenging. Our observations show that urban ammonia and amines in Houston are emitted from urban sources and diurnal variations of their concentrations are governed by gas-to-particle conversion processes.
Gerard Ancellet, Camille Viatte, Anne Boynard, François Ravetta, Jacques Pelon, Cristelle Cailteau-Fischbach, Pascal Genau, Julie Capo, Axel Roy, and Philippe Nédélec
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-892, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-892, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Characterization of ozone pollution in urban areas has benefited from a measurement campaign in summer 2022 in the Paris region. The analysis is based on 21 days of lidar and aircraft observations. The main objective is a sensitivity analysis of ozone pollution to first the micrometeorological processes in the urban atmospheric boundary layer, and second, the transport of regional pollution. The paper also discuss to what extent satellite observations can track the observed ozone plumes.
Honglei Wang, David W. Tarasick, Jane Liu, Herman G. J. Smit, Roeland Van Malderen, Lijuan Shen, and Tianliang Zhao
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1015, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1015, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we identify 23 suitable pairs of sites in the WOUDC and IAGOS datasets from 1995 to 2021, compare the average vertical distribution of tropospheric O3 shown by ozonesonde and aircraft measurements, and analyze their differences by ozonesonde type and by station-airport distance.
Akima Ringsdorf, Achim Edtbauer, Bruna Holanda, Christopher Poehlker, Marta O. Sá, Alessandro Araújo, Jürgen Kesselmeier, Jos Lelieveld, and Jonathan Williams
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1210, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1210, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We show the average height distribution of separately observed aldehydes and ketones over a day and discuss their rainforest-specific sources and sinks and their seasonal changes above the Amazon rainforest. Ketones have much longer atmospheric lifetimes than aldehydes, and thus different implications for atmospheric chemistry. However, they are commonly observed together, which we overcome by measuring with a NO+ chemical ionization mass spectrometer for the first time in the Amazon rainforest.
Heidi Hellén, Rostislav Kouznetsov, Kaisa Kraft, Jukka Seppälä, Mika Vestenius, Jukka-Pekka Jalkanen, Lauri Laakso, and Hannele Hakola
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 4717–4731, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4717-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4717-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Mixing ratios of C2-C5 NMHCs and methanethiol were measured on an island in the Baltic Sea using an in situ gas chromatograph. Shipping emissions were found to be an important source of ethene, ethyne, propene, and benzene. High summertime mixing ratios of methanethiol and dependence of mixing ratios on seawater temperature and height indicated the biogenic origin to possibly be phytoplankton or macroalgae. These emissions may have a strong impact on SO2 production and new particle formation.
Matthew M. Coggon, Chelsea E. Stockwell, Lu Xu, Jeff Peischl, Jessica B. Gilman, Aaron Lamplugh, Henry J. Bowman, Kenneth Aikin, Colin Harkins, Qindan Zhu, Rebecca H. Schwantes, Jian He, Meng Li, Karl Seltzer, Brian McDonald, and Carsten Warneke
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 4289–4304, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4289-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4289-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Residential and commercial cooking emits pollutants that degrade air quality. Here, ambient observations show that cooking is an important contributor to anthropogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted in Las Vegas, NV. These emissions are not fully presented in air quality models, and more work may be needed to quantify emissions from important sources, such as commercial restaurants.
Fabien Paulot, Gabrielle Pétron, Andrew M. Crotwell, and Matteo B. Bertagni
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 4217–4229, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4217-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4217-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
New data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration show that hydrogen (H2) concentrations increased from 2010 to 2019, which is consistent with the simulated increase in H2 photochemical production (mainly from methane). But this cannot be reconciled with the expected decrease (increase) in H2 anthropogenic emissions (soil deposition) in the same period. This shows gaps in our knowledge of the H2 biogeochemical cycle that must be resolved to quantify the impact of higher H2 usage.
Wenjie Wang, Bin Yuan, Hang Su, Yafang Cheng, Jipeng Qi, Sihang Wang, Wei Song, Xinming Wang, Chaoyang Xue, Chaoqun Ma, Fengxia Bao, Hongli Wang, Shengrong Lou, and Min Shao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 4017–4027, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4017-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4017-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates the important role of unmeasured volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in ozone formation. Based on results in a megacity of China, we show that unmeasured VOCs can contribute significantly to ozone fomation and also influence the determination of ozone control strategy. Our results show that these unmeasured VOCs are mainly from human sources.
Romain Salignat, Matti Rissanen, Siddharth Iyer, Jean-Luc Baray, Pierre Tulet, Jean-Marc Metzger, Jérôme Brioude, Karine Sellegri, and Clémence Rose
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3785–3812, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3785-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3785-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Using mass spectrometry data collected at the Maïdo Observatory (2160 m a.s.l., Réunion), we provide the first detailed analysis of molecular cluster chemical composition specifically in the marine free troposphere. The abundance of the identified species is related both to in situ meteorological parameters and air mass history, which also provide insight into their origin. Our work makes an important contribution to documenting the chemistry and physics of the marine free troposphere.
Xiaoyi Zhang, Wanyun Xu, Weili Lin, Gen Zhang, Jinjian Geng, Li Zhou, Huarong Zhao, Sanxue Ren, Guangsheng Zhou, Jianmin Chen, and Xiaobin Xu
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-643, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-643, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ozone (O3) deposition is a key process removing surface O3, affecting air quality, ecosystem and climate change. This study conducted an O3 deposition measurement over wheat canopy using a newly relaxed eddy accumulation flux system. Large variabilities of O3 deposition were detected mainly determined by crop growth and modulated by various environmental factors. More O3 deposition observations over different surfaces are needed for exploring deposition mechanism, model optimization.
Delaney B. Kilgour, Gordon A. Novak, Megan S. Claflin, Brian M. Lerner, and Timothy H. Bertram
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3729–3742, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3729-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3729-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Laboratory experiments with seawater mimics suggest ozone deposition to the surface ocean can be a source of reactive carbon to the marine atmosphere. We conduct both field and laboratory measurements to assess abiotic VOC composition and yields from ozonolysis of real surface seawater. We show that C5–C11 aldehydes contribute to the observed VOC emission flux. We estimate that VOCs generated by the ozonolysis of surface seawater are competitive with biological VOC production and emission.
Xiangdong Zheng, Wen Yang, Yuting Sun, Chunmei Geng, Yingying Liu, and Xiaobin Xu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3759–3768, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3759-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3759-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Chen et al. (2022) attributed the nocturnal ozone enhancement (NOE) during the night of 31 July 2021 in the North China Plain (NCP) to "the direct stratospheric intrusion to reach the surface". We analyzed in situ data from the NCP. Our results do not suggest that there was a significant impact from the stratosphere on surface ozone during the NOE. We argue that the NOE was not caused by stratospheric intrusion but originated from fresh photochemical production in the lower troposphere.
James M. Roberts, Siyuan Wang, Patrick R. Veres, J. Andrew Neuman, Michael A. Robinson, Ilann Bourgeois, Jeff Peischl, Thomas B. Ryerson, Chelsea R. Thompson, Hannah M. Allen, John D. Crounse, Paul O. Wennberg, Samuel R. Hall, Kirk Ullmann, Simone Meinardi, Isobel J. Simpson, and Donald Blake
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3421–3443, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3421-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3421-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We measured cyanogen bromide (BrCN) in the troposphere for the first time. BrCN is a product of the same active bromine chemistry that destroys ozone and removes mercury in polar surface environments and is a previously unrecognized sink for active Br compounds. BrCN has an apparent lifetime against heterogeneous loss in the range 1–10 d, so it serves as a cumulative marker of Br-radical chemistry. Accounting for BrCN chemistry is an important part of understanding polar Br cycling.
Noémie Taquet, Wolfgang Stremme, María Eugenia Gonzalez del Castillo, Victor Almanza, Alejandro Bezanilla, Olivier Laurent, Carlos Alberti, Frank Hase, Michel Ramonet, Thomas Lauvaux, Ke Che, and Michel Grutter
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-512, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-512, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We studied the variability of CO and CO2 and their ratio over Mexico City from long-term time-resolved FTIR solar absorption and surface measurements. Using the average intraday CO growth rate from total columns and TROPOMI measurements, we additionally estimate the interannual variability of CO and CO2 anthropogenic emissions of the City and relate it to the main influencing events of the last decade, such as the COVID-19 lock-down.
Kai Qin, Wei Hu, Qin He, Fan Lu, and Jason Blake Cohen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3009–3028, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3009-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3009-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We compute CH4 emissions and uncertainty on a mine-by-mine basis, including underground, overground, and abandoned mines. Mine-by-mine gas and flux data and 30 min observations from a flux tower located next to a mine shaft are integrated. The observed variability and bias correction are propagated over the emissions dataset, demonstrating that daily observations may not cover the range of variability. Comparisons show both an emissions magnitude and spatial mismatch with current inventories.
Theresa Harlass, Rebecca Dischl, Stefan Kaufmann, Raphael Märkl, Daniel Sauer, Monika Scheibe, Paul Stock, Tiziana Bräuer, Andreas Dörnbrack, Anke Roiger, Hans Schlager, Ulrich Schumann, Tobias Schripp, Tobias Grein, Linda Bondorf, Charles Renard, Maxime Gauthier, Mark Johnson, Darren Luff, Paul Madden, Peter Swann, Denise Ahrens, Reetu Sallinen, and Christiane Voigt
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-454, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-454, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Emissions from aircraft have a direct impact on our climate. Here, we present airborne and ground based measurement data of nitrogen oxides which were collected in the exhaust of an Airbus aircraft. We study the impact of burning fossil and sustainable aviation fuel on nitrogen oxide emissions at different engine settings related to combustor temperature, pressure and fuel flow. Further, we compare observations with engine emission models.
Yao Yan Huang and D. James Donaldson
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2387–2398, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2387-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2387-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ground-level ozone interacts at the lake–land boundary; this is important to our understanding and modelling of atmospheric chemistry and air pollution in the lower atmosphere. We show that a steep ozone gradient occurs year-round moving inland up to 1 km from the lake and that this gradient is influenced by seasonal factors on the local land environment, where more rural areas are more greatly affected seasonally.
Katrin Müller, Jordis S. Tradowsky, Peter von der Gathen, Christoph Ritter, Sharon Patris, Justus Notholt, and Markus Rex
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2169–2193, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2169-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2169-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Palau Atmospheric Observatory is introduced as an ideal site to detect changes in atmospheric composition and dynamics above the remote tropical western Pacific. We focus on the ozone sounding program from 2016–2021, including El Niño 2016. The year-round high convective activity is reflected in dominant low tropospheric ozone and high relative humidity. Their seasonal distributions are unique compared to other tropical sites and are modulated by the Intertropical Convergence Zone.
Ziyan Guo, Keding Lu, Pengxiang Qiu, Mingyi Xu, and Zhaobing Guo
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2195–2205, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2195-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2195-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The formation of secondary sulfate needs to be further explored. In this work, we simultaneously measured sulfur and oxygen isotopic compositions to gain an increased understanding of specific sulfate formation processes. The results indicated that secondary sulfate was mainly ascribed to SO2 homogeneous oxidation by OH radicals and heterogeneous oxidation by H2O2 and Fe3+ / O2. This study is favourable for deeply investigating the sulfur cycle in the atmosphere.
Imran A. Girach, Narendra Ojha, Prabha R. Nair, Kandula V. Subrahmanyam, Neelakantan Koushik, Mohammed M. Nazeer, Nadimpally Kiran Kumar, Surendran Nair Suresh Babu, Jos Lelieveld, and Andrea Pozzer
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1979–1995, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1979-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1979-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate surface ozone variability in East Antarctica based on measurements and EMAC global model simulations during austral summer. Nearly half of the surface ozone is found to be of stratospheric origin. The east coast of Antarctica acts as a stronger sink of ozone than surrounding regions. Photochemical loss of ozone is counterbalanced by downward transport of ozone. The study highlights the intertwined role of chemistry and dynamics in governing ozone variations over East Antarctica.
Ying Zhang, Duzitian Li, Xu-Cheng He, Wei Nie, Chenjuan Deng, Runlong Cai, Yuliang Liu, Yishuo Guo, Chong Liu, Yiran Li, Liangduo Chen, Yuanyuan Li, Chenjie Hua, Tingyu Liu, Zongcheng Wang, Jiali Xie, Lei Wang, Tuukka Petäjä, Federico Bianchi, Ximeng Qi, Xuguang Chi, Pauli Paasonen, Yongchun Liu, Chao Yan, Jingkun Jiang, Aijun Ding, and Markku Kulmala
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1873–1893, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1873-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1873-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study conducts a long-term observation of gaseous iodine oxoacids in two Chinese megacities, revealing their ubiquitous presence with peak concentrations (up to 0.1 pptv) in summer. Our analysis suggests a mix of terrestrial and marine sources for iodine. Additionally, iodic acid is identified as a notable contributor to sub-3 nm particle growth and particle survival probability.
Guoxian Zhang, Renzhi Hu, Pinhua Xie, Changjin Hu, Xiaoyan Liu, Liujun Zhong, Haotian Cai, Bo Zhu, Shiyong Xia, Xiaofeng Huang, Xin Li, and Wenqing Liu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1825–1839, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1825-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1825-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Comprehensive observation of HOx radicals was conducted at a coastal site in the Pearl River Delta. Radical chemistry was influenced by different air masses in a time-dependent way. Land mass promotes a more active photochemical process, with daily averages of 7.1 × 106 and 5.2 × 108 cm−3 for OH and HO2 respectively. The rapid oxidation process was accompanied by a higher diurnal HONO concentration, which influences the ozone-sensitive system and eventually magnifies the background ozone.
Sarah Albertin, Joël Savarino, Slimane Bekki, Albane Barbero, Roberto Grilli, Quentin Fournier, Irène Ventrillard, Nicolas Caillon, and Kathy Law
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1361–1388, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1361-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1361-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study reports the first simultaneous records of oxygen (Δ17O) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotopes in nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and nitrate (NO3−). These data are combined with atmospheric observations to explore sub-daily N reactive chemistry and quantify N fractionation effects in an Alpine winter city. The results highlight the necessity of using Δ17O and δ15N in both NO2 and NO3− to avoid biased estimations of NOx sources and fates from NO3− isotopic records in urban winter environments.
Shigeyuki Ishidoya, Kazuhiro Tsuboi, Hiroaki Kondo, Kentaro Ishijima, Nobuyuki Aoki, Hidekazu Matsueda, and Kazuyuki Saito
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1059–1077, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1059-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1059-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A method evaluating techniques for carbon neutrality, such as carbon capture and storage (CCS), is important. This study presents a method to evaluate CO2 emissions from a cement plant based on atmospheric O2 and CO2 measurements. The method will also be useful for evaluating CO2 capture from flue gas at CCS plants, since the plants remove CO2 from the atmosphere without causing any O2 changes, just as cement plants do, differing only in the direction of CO2 exchange with the atmosphere.
Magdalena Pühl, Anke Roiger, Alina Fiehn, Alan M. Gorchov Negron, Eric A. Kort, Stefan Schwietzke, Ignacio Pisso, Amy Foulds, James Lee, James L. France, Anna E. Jones, Dave Lowry, Rebecca E. Fisher, Langwen Huang, Jacob Shaw, Prudence Bateson, Stephen Andrews, Stuart Young, Pamela Dominutti, Tom Lachlan-Cope, Alexandra Weiss, and Grant Allen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1005–1024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1005-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1005-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In April–May 2019 we carried out an airborne field campaign in the southern North Sea with the aim of studying methane emissions of offshore gas installations. We determined methane emissions from elevated methane measured downstream of the sampled installations. We compare our measured methane emissions with estimated methane emissions from national and global annual inventories. As a result, we find inconsistencies of inventories and large discrepancies between measurements and inventories.
Simone T. Andersen, Max R. McGillen, Chaoyang Xue, Tobias Seubert, Patrick Dewald, Gunther N. T. E. Türk, Jan Schuladen, Cyrielle Denjean, Jean-Claude Etienne, Olivier Garrouste, Marina Jamar, Sergio Harb, Manuela Cirtog, Vincent Michoud, Mathieu Cazaunau, Antonin Bergé, Christopher Cantrell, Sebastien Dusanter, Bénédicte Picquet-Varrault, Alexandre Kukui, Abdelwahid Mellouki, Lucy J. Carpenter, Jos Lelieveld, and John N. Crowley
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2848, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2848, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Through measurements of various trace gases in a sub-urban forest near Paris in the summer of 2022 we were able to gain insight into the sources and sinks of NOx (NO+NO2) with a special focus on their nighttime chemical/physical loss processes. NO was observed as a result of nighttime soil emissions when ozone levels were strongly depleted by deposition. NO oxidation products were not observed at night indicating that soil and/or foliar surfaces are an efficient sink of reactive nitrogen.
Georgios I. Gkatzelis, Matthew M. Coggon, Chelsea E. Stockwell, Rebecca S. Hornbrook, Hannah Allen, Eric C. Apel, Megan M. Bela, Donald R. Blake, Ilann Bourgeois, Steven S. Brown, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Jason M. St. Clair, James H. Crawford, John D. Crounse, Douglas A. Day, Joshua P. DiGangi, Glenn S. Diskin, Alan Fried, Jessica B. Gilman, Hongyu Guo, Johnathan W. Hair, Hannah S. Halliday, Thomas F. Hanisco, Reem Hannun, Alan Hills, L. Gregory Huey, Jose L. Jimenez, Joseph M. Katich, Aaron Lamplugh, Young Ro Lee, Jin Liao, Jakob Lindaas, Stuart A. McKeen, Tomas Mikoviny, Benjamin A. Nault, J. Andrew Neuman, John B. Nowak, Demetrios Pagonis, Jeff Peischl, Anne E. Perring, Felix Piel, Pamela S. Rickly, Michael A. Robinson, Andrew W. Rollins, Thomas B. Ryerson, Melinda K. Schueneman, Rebecca H. Schwantes, Joshua P. Schwarz, Kanako Sekimoto, Vanessa Selimovic, Taylor Shingler, David J. Tanner, Laura Tomsche, Krystal T. Vasquez, Patrick R. Veres, Rebecca Washenfelder, Petter Weibring, Paul O. Wennberg, Armin Wisthaler, Glenn M. Wolfe, Caroline C. Womack, Lu Xu, Katherine Ball, Robert J. Yokelson, and Carsten Warneke
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 929–956, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-929-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-929-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study reports emissions of gases and particles from wildfires. These emissions are related to chemical proxies that can be measured by satellite and incorporated into models to improve predictions of wildfire impacts on air quality and climate.
Jie Wang, Haichao Wang, Yee Jun Tham, Lili Ming, Zelong Zheng, Guizhen Fang, Cuizhi Sun, Zhenhao Ling, Jun Zhao, and Shaojia Fan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 977–992, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-977-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-977-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Many works report NO3 chemistry in inland regions while less target marine regions. We measured N2O5 and related species on a typical island and found intensive nighttime chemistry and rapid NO3 loss. NO contributed significantly to NO3 loss despite its sub-ppbv level, suggesting nocturnal NO3 reactions would be largely enhanced once free from NO emissions in the open ocean. This highlights the strong influences of urban outflow on downward marine areas in terms of nighttime chemistry.
Tanja J. Schuck, Johannes Degen, Eric Hintsa, Peter Hoor, Markus Jesswein, Timo Keber, Daniel Kunkel, Fred Moore, Florian Obersteiner, Matt Rigby, Thomas Wagenhäuser, Luke M. Western, Andreas Zahn, and Andreas Engel
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 689–705, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-689-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-689-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We study the interhemispheric gradient of sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), a strong long-lived greenhouse gas. Its emissions are stronger in the Northern Hemisphere; therefore, mixing ratios in the Southern Hemisphere lag behind. Comparing the observations to a box model, the model predicts air in the Southern Hemisphere to be older. For a better agreement, the emissions used as model input need to be increased (and their spatial pattern changed), and we need to modify north–south transport.
Jérémy Gueffier, François Gheusi, Marie Lothon, Véronique Pont, Alban Philibert, Fabienne Lohou, Solène Derrien, Yannick Bezombes, Gilles Athier, Yves Meyerfeld, Antoine Vial, and Emmanuel Leclerc
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 287–316, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-287-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-287-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates the link between weather regime and atmospheric composition at a Pyrenean observatory. Five years of meteorological data were synchronized on a daily basis and then, using a clustering method, separated into six groups of observation days, with most showing marked characteristics of different weather regimes (fair and disturbed weather, winter windstorms, foehn). Statistical differences in gas and particle concentrations appeared between the groups and are discussed.
Nathaniel Brockway, Peter K. Peterson, Katja Bigge, Kristian D. Hajny, Paul B. Shepson, Kerri A. Pratt, Jose D. Fuentes, Tim Starn, Robert Kaeser, Brian H. Stirm, and William R. Simpson
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 23–40, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-23-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-23-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Bromine monoxide (BrO) strongly affects atmospheric chemistry in the springtime Arctic, yet there are still many uncertainties around its sources and recycling, particularly in the context of a rapidly changing Arctic. In this study, we observed BrO as a function of altitude above the Alaskan Arctic. We found that BrO was often most concentrated near the ground, confirming the ability of snow to produce and recycle reactive bromine, and identified four common vertical distributions of BrO.
Alina Fiehn, Maximilian Eckl, Julian Kostinek, Michał Gałkowski, Christoph Gerbig, Michael Rothe, Thomas Röckmann, Malika Menoud, Hossein Maazallahi, Martina Schmidt, Piotr Korbeń, Jarosław Neçki, Mila Stanisavljević, Justyna Swolkień, Andreas Fix, and Anke Roiger
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 15749–15765, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15749-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15749-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
During the CoMet mission in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (USCB) ground-based and airborne air samples were taken and analyzed for the isotopic composition of CH4 to derive the mean signature of the USCB and source signatures of individual coal mines. Using δ2H signatures, the biogenic emissions from the USCB account for 15 %–50 % of total emissions, which is underestimated in common emission inventories. This demonstrates the importance of δ2H-CH4 observations for methane source apportionment.
Cited articles
Adachi, K. and Buseck, P. R.: Internally mixed soot, sulfates, and organic matter in aerosol particles from Mexico City, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 6469–6481, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-6469-2008, 2008.
Adachi, K., Chung, S. H., and Buseck, P. R.: Shapes of soot aerosol particles and implications for their effects on climate, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 115, D15206, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD012868, 2010.
Adachi, K. and Buseck, P. R.: Hosted and Free-Floating Metal-bearing Atmospheric Nanoparticles in Mexico City, Environ. Sci. Technol., 44, 2299–2304, 2010.
Aiken, A. C., DeCarlo, P. F., and Jimenez, J. L.: Elemental Analysis of Organic Species with Electron Ionization High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry, Anal. Chem., 79, 8350–8358, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac071150w, 2007.
Aiken, A. C., DeCarlo, P. F., Kroll, J. H., Worsnop, D. R., Huffman, J. A., Docherty, K. S., Ulbrich, I. M., Mohr, C., Kimmel, J. R., Sueper, D., Sun, Y., Zhang, Q., Trimborn, A., Northway, M., Ziemann, P. J., Canagaratna, M. R.,, Onasch, T. B., Alfarra, M. R., Prevot, A. S. H., Dommen, J., Duplissy, J, Metzger, A., Baltensperger, U., and Jimenez, J. L.: O/C and OM/OC Ratios of Primary, Secondary, and Ambient Organic Aerosols with High Resolution Time-of-Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometry, Environ. Sci. Technol., 42, 4478–4485, https://doi.org/10.1021/es703009q, 2008.
Aiken, A. C., Salcedo, D., Cubison, M. J., Huffman, J. A., DeCarlo, P. F., Ulbrich, I. M., Docherty, K. S., Sueper, D., Kimmel, J. R., Worsnop, D. R., Trimborn, A., Northway, M., Stone, E. A., Schauer, J. J., Volkamer, R. M., Fortner, E., de Foy, B., Wang, J., Laskin, A., Shutthanandan, V., Zheng, J., Zhang, R., Gaffney, J., Marley, N. A., Paredes-Miranda, G., Arnott, W. P., Molina, L. T., Sosa, G., and Jimenez, J. L.: Mexico City aerosol analysis during MILAGRO using high resolution aerosol mass spectrometry at the urban supersite (T0) – Part 1: Fine particle composition and organic source apportionment, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 6633–6653, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-6633-2009, 2009.
Aiken, A. C., de Foy, B., Wiedinmyer, C., DeCarlo, P. F., Ulbrich, I. M., Wehrli, M. N., Szidat, S., Prevot, A. S. H., Noda, J., Wacker, L., Volkamer, R., Fortner, E., Wang, J., Laskin, A., Shutthanandan, V., Zheng, J., Zhang, R., Paredes-Miranda, G., Arnott, W. P., Molina, L. T., Sosa, G., Querol, X., and Jimenez, J. L.: Mexico city aerosol analysis during MILAGRO using high resolution aerosol mass spectrometry at the urban supersite (T0) – Part 2: Analysis of the biomass burning contribution and the non-fossil carbon fraction, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 5315–5341, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-5315-2010, 2010.
Alfaro Moreno, E., García Cuellar, C., De Vizcaya Ruiz, A., Rojas-Bracho, L., and Osornio-Vargas, A. R.: Cellular Mechanisms behind Particulate Matter Air Pollution Related Health Effects, in: Air Pollution: Health & Environmental Impacts, edited by: Gurjar, R., Molina, L. T., and Ojha, C. S. P., Taylor & Francis, Chapter 9, 249–274, 2010.
Altuzar, V., Tomás, S. A., Zelaya-Angel, O., Sánchez-Sinencio, F., and Arriaga, J. L.: Atmospheric ethene concentrations in Mexico City: Indications of strong diurnal and seasonal dependences, Atmos. Env., 39, 5219–5225, 2005.
Andreae, M. O. and Gelencsér, A.: Black carbon or brown carbon? The nature of light-absorbing carbonaceous aerosols, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 3131–3148, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-3131-2006, 2006.
Andreae, M. O. and Gelencsér, A.: Black carbon or brown carbon? The nature of light-absorbing carbonaceous aerosols, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 3131–3148, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-3131-2006, 2006.
Apel, E. C., Emmons, L. K., Karl, T., Flocke, F., Hills, A. J., Madronich, S., Lee-Taylor, J., Fried, A., Weibring, P., Walega, J., Richter, D., Tie, X., Mauldin, L., Campos, T., Weinheimer, A., Knapp, D., Sive, B., Kleinman, L., Springston, S., Zaveri, R., Ortega, J., Voss, P., Blake, D., Baker, A., Warneke, C., Welsh-Bon, D., de Gouw, J., Zheng, J., Zhang, R., Rudolph, J., Junkermann, W., and Riemer, D. D.: Chemical evolution of volatile organic compounds in the outflow of the Mexico City Metropolitan area, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 2353–2375, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-2353-2010, 2010.
Apel, E. C., Hills, A. J., Lueb, R., Zindel, S., Eisele, S. and Riemer, D. D.: A Fast-GC/MS system to measure C2 to C4 carbonyls, and methanol aboard aircraft, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 8794, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD003199, 2003.
Atkinson, R.: Gas phase tropospheric chemistry of organic compounds: a review, Atmos. Environ., 24A, 1–41, 1990.
Ban-Weiss, G. A., McLaughlin, J. P., Harley, R. A., Lunden, M. M., Kirchstetter, T. W., Kean, A. J., Strawa, A. W., Stevenson, E. D., and Kendall, G. R.: Long-term changes in emissions of nitrogen oxides and particulate matter from on-road gasoline and diesel vehicles, Atmos. Environ., 42, 220–232, 2008.
Barnard, J. C., Volkamer, R., and Kassianov, E. I.: Estimation of the mass absorption cross section of the organic carbon component of aerosols in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 6665–6679, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-6665-2008, 2008.
Barraza-Villarreal, A., Sunyer, J., Hernandez-Cadena, L., Escamilla-Nunez, M. C., Sienra-Monge, J. J., Ramirez-Aguilar, M., Sienra-Monge, J. J., Cortez-Lugo, M., Texcalac, J. L., del Rio-Navarro, B., and Romieu, I.: Air pollution, airway inflammation, and lung function in a cohort study of Mexico City schoolchildren, Environ. Health Perspect., 116, 832–838, 2008.
Baumgardner, D., Grutter, M., Allan, J., Ochoa, C., Rappenglueck, B., Russell, L. M., and Arnott, P.: Physical and chemical properties of the regional mixed layer of Mexico's Megapolis, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 5711–5727, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-5711-2009, 2009.
Bei, N., de Foy, B., Lei, W., Zavala, M., and Molina, L. T.: Using 3DVAR data assimilation system to improve ozone simulations in the Mexico City basin, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 7353–7366, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-7353-2008, 2008.
Bei, N., Lei, W., Zavala, M., and Molina, L. T.: Ozone predictabilities due to meteorological uncertainties in the Mexico City basin using ensemble forecasts, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 6295–6309, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-6295-2010, 2010.
Bell, M. L., Ebisu, K., Peng, R. D., Walker, J., Samet, J. M., Zeger, S. L., and Dominici, F.: Seasonal and regional short-term effects of fine particles on hospital admissions in 202 US counties, 1999–2005, Am. J. Epidemiol., 168(11), 1301–1310, https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwn252, 2008.
Bergstrom, R. W., Schmidt, K. S., Coddington, O., Pilewskie, P., Guan, H., Livingston, J. M., Redemann, J., and Russell, P. B.: Aerosol spectral absorption in the Mexico City area: results from airborne measurements during MILAGRO/INTEX B, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 6333–6343, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-6333-2010, 2010.
Bishop, G. A., Stedman, D. H., de la Garza, J., and Davalos, F.: On road remote sensing of vehicle emissions in Mexico, Environ. Sci. Technol., 31, 3505–3510, 1997.
Blake, D. R. and Rowland, F. S.: Urban leakage of liquefied petroleum gas and its impact on Mexico City air quality, Science, 269, 953–956, 1995.
Bohlin, P., Jones, K. C., Tovalin, H., and Strandberg, B.: Observations on persistent organic pollutants in indoor and outdoor air using passive polyurethane foam samplers, Atmos. Environ., 42, 7234–7241, 2008.
Borbon, A., Fontaine, H., Veillerot, M., Locoge, N., Galloo, J. C., and Guillermo, R.: An investigation into the traffic-related fraction of isoprene at an urban location, Atmos. Environ., 35, 3749–3760, 2001.
Borja-Aburto, V. H., Loomis, D. P., Bangdiwala, S. I., Shy, C. M., and Rascon-Pacheco, R. A.: Ozone, suspended particulates, and daily mortality in Mexico City, Am. J. Epidemiol., 145, 258–268, 1997.
Bravo, A., Sosa, E., Sanchez, A., Jaimes, P., and Saavedra, R.: Impact of wildfires on the air quality of Mexico City, 1992–1999, Environ. Pollut., 117, 243–253, 2002.
Cairns, B., Waquet, F., Knobelspiesse, K., Chowdhary, J., and Deuzé, J. L.: Polarimetric remote sensing of aerosols over land surfaces, in Aerosol Remote Sensing over Land edited by: Kokhanovsky, A. A. and de Leeuw, G., Springer, 295–325, 2009.
Calderon-Garciduenas, L., Franco-Lira, M., Torres-Jardon, R., Henriquez-Roldan, C., Barragan-Mejia, G., Valencia-Salazar, G. González-Maciel A., Reynoso-Robles, R., Villarreal-Calderón, R., and Reed, W.: Pediatric respiratory and systemic effects of chronic air pollution exposure: Nose, lung, heart, and brain pathology, Toxicol. Pathol., 35, 154–162, 2007.
Canagaratna, M. R., Jayne, J. T., Jimenez, J. L., Allan, J. D., Alfarra, M. R., Zhang, Q., Onasch, T. B. Drewnick, F., Coe, H., Middlebrook, A., Delia, A., Williams, L. R., Trimborn, A. M., Northway, M. J., DeCarlo, P. F., Kolb, C. E., Davidovits, P., and D. R. Worsnop: Chemical and Microphysical Characterization of Ambient Aerosols with the Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer, Mass Spec. Rev., 26, 185–222, 2007.
Cappa, C. D. and Jimenez, J. L.: Quantitative estimates of the volatility of ambient organic aerosol, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 5409–5424, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-5409-2010, 2010.
Capes, G., Johnson, B., McFiggans, G., Williams, P. I., Haywood, J., and Coe, H.: Aging of biomass burning aerosols over West Africa: aircraft measurements of chemical composition, microphysical properties, and emission ratios, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D00C15, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD009845, 2008.
Castillejos M., Borja-Aburto, V. H., Dockery, D. W., Gold, D. R., and Loomis, D.: Coarse Particles and Mortality in Mexico City, Inhal. Toxicol., 12, 61–72, 2000.
CEC 2009, Comprehensive Assessment of North American Air Emissions Inventories and Ambient Air Monitoring Networks, available at: http://www.cec.org/Storage/88/8537_Air_Assessment_Report_en.pdf, last access: 15 August 2010.
Chow, J. C., Watson, J. G., Edgerton, S. A., and Vega, E.: Chemical composition of PM2.5 and PM10 in Mexico City during winter 1997, Sci. Total Environ., 287, 177–201, 2002.
Chowdhary, J., Cairns, B., Waquet, F., Knobelspiesse, K., Ottaviani, M., Redemann, J., Travis, L., and Mishchenko, M.: Sensitivity of multiangle, multispectral polarimentric remote sensing over open oceans to water-leaving radiances: Analyses of RSP data acquired during the MILAGRO campaign10, submitted to Remote Sens. Environ., June, 2010.
Christian, T. J., Yokelson, R. J., Cárdenas, B., Molina, L. T., Engling, G., and Hsu, S.-C.: Trace gas and particle emissions from domestic and industrial biofuel use and garbage burning in central Mexico, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 565–584, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-565-2010, 2010.
Coddington, O., Schmidt, K. S., Pilewskie, P., Gore, W. J., Bergstrom, R. W., Roma'n, M., Redemann, J., Russell, P. B., Liu, J. and Schaaf, C. C.: Aircraft measurements of spectral surface albedo and its consistency with ground-based and space-borne observations, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D17209, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD010089, 2008.
Corr, C. A., Krotkov, N., Madronich, S., Slusser, J. R., Holben, B., Gao, W., Flynn, J., Lefer, B., and Kreidenweis, S. M.: Retrieval of aerosol single scattering albedo at ultraviolet wavelengths at the T1 site during MILAGRO, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 5813–5827, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-5813-2009, 2009.
Craig, L., Brook, J. R., Chiotti, Q., Croes, B., Gower, S., Hedley, A., Krewski, D., Krupnick, A., Krzyzanowski, M., Moran, M. D., Pennell, W., Samet, J. M., Schneider, J., Shortreed, J., Williams, M.: Air pollution and public health: a guidance document for risk managers, J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A, 71, 588–698, 2008.
Cross, E. S., Onasch, T. B., Canagaratna, M., Jayne, J. T., Kimmel, J., Yu, X.-Y., Alexander, M. L., Worsnop, D. R., and Davidovits, P.: Single particle characterization using a light scattering module coupled to a time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 7769–7793, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-7769-2009, 2009.
Crounse, J. D., DeCarlo, P. F., Blake, D. R., Emmons, L. K., Campos, T. L., Apel, E. C., Clarke, A. D., Weinheimer, A. J., McCabe, D. C., Yokelson, R. J., Jimenez, J. L., and Wennberg, P. O.: Biomass burning and urban air pollution over the Central Mexican Plateau, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 4929–4944, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-4929-2009, 2009.
de Almeida Castanho, A. D., Prinn, R., Martins, V., Herold, M., Ichoku, C., and Molina, L. T.: Analysis of Visible/SWIR surface reflectance ratios for aerosol retrievals from satellite in Mexico City urban area, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 5467–5477, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-5467-2007, 2007.
DeCarlo, P. F., Kimmel, J. R., Trimborn, A., Northway, M. J., Jayne, J. T., Aiken, A. C, Gonin, M., Fuhrer, K., Horvath, T., Docherty, K. S., Worsnop, D. R., and Jimenez, J. L.: Field-Deployable, High-Resolution, Time-of-Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer, Anal. Chem., 78, 8281–8289, 2006.
DeCarlo, P. F., Dunlea, E. J., Kimmel, J. R., Aiken, A. C., Sueper, D., Crounse, J., Wennberg, P. O., Emmons, L., Shinozuka, Y., Clarke, A., Zhou, J., Tomlinson, J., Collins, D. R., Knapp, D., Weinheimer, A. J., Montzka, D. D., Campos, T., and Jimenez, J. L.: Fast airborne aerosol size and chemistry measurements above Mexico City and Central Mexico during the MILAGRO campaign, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 4027–4048, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-4027-2008, 2008.
DeCarlo, P. F., Ulbrich, I. M., Crounse, J., de Foy, B., Dunlea, E. J., Aiken, A. C., Knapp, D., Weinheimer, A. J., Campos, T., Wennberg, P. O., and Jimenez, J. L.: Investigation of the sources and processing of organic aerosol over the Central Mexican Plateau from aircraft measurements during MILAGRO, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 5257–5280, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-5257-2010, 2010.
de Foy, B., Caetano, E., Magañaa, V., Zitácuaro, A., Cárdenas, B., Retama, A., Ramos, R., Molina, L. T., and Molina, M. J.: Mexico City basin wind circulation during the MCMA-2003 field campaign, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 2267–2288, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-2267-2005, 2005.
de Foy, B., Clappier, A., Molina, L. T., and Molina, M. J.: Distinct wind convergence patterns in the Mexico City basin due to the interaction of the gap winds with the synoptic flow, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 1249–1265, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-1249-2006, 2006.
de Foy, B., Varela, J. R., Molina, L. T., and Molina, M. J.: Rapid ventilation of the Mexico City basin and regional fate of the urban plume, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 2321–2335, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-2321-2006, 2006b.
de Foy, B., Lei, W., Zavala, M., Volkamer, R., Samuelsson, J., Mellqvist, J., Galle, B., Martínez, A.-P., Grutter, M., Retama, A., and Molina, L. T.: Modelling constraints on the emission inventory and on vertical dispersion for CO and SO2 in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area using Solar FTIR and zenith sky UV spectroscopy, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 781–801, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-781-2007, 2007.
de Foy, B., Fast, J. D., Paech, S. J., Phillips, D., Walters, J. T., Coulter, R. L., Martin, T. J., Pekour, M. S., Shaw, W. J., Kastendeuch, P. P., Marley, N. A., Retama, A., and Molina, L. T.: Basin-scale wind transport during the MILAGRO field campaign and comparison to climatology using cluster analysis, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 1209–1224, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-1209-2008, 2008.
de Foy, B., Zavala, M., Bei, N., and Molina, L. T.: Evaluation of WRF mesoscale simulations and particle trajectory analysis for the MILAGRO field campaign, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 4419–4438, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-4419-2009, 2009a.
de Foy, B., Krotkov, N. A., Bei, N., Herndon, S. C., Huey, L. G., Martínez, A.-P., Ruiz-Suárez, L. G., Wood, E. C., Zavala, M., and Molina, L. T.: Hit from both sides: tracking industrial and volcanic plumes in Mexico City with surface measurements and OMI SO2 retrievals during the MILAGRO field campaign, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 9599–9617, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-9599-2009, 2009b.
de Gouw, J. and Warneke, C.: Measurements of volatile organic compounds in the earths atmosphere using proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry, Mass Spec. Rev. 26, 223–257, 2007.
de Gouw, J. A., Welsh-Bon, D., Warneke, C., Kuster, W. C., Alexander, L., Baker, A. K., Beyersdorf, A. J., Blake, D. R., Canagaratna, M., Celada, A. T., Huey, L. G., Junkermann, W., Onasch, T. B., Salcido, A., Sjostedt, S. J., Sullivan, A. P., Tanner, D. J., Vargas, O., Weber, R. J., Worsnop, D. R., Yu, X. Y., and Zaveri, R.: Emission and chemistry of organic carbon in the gas and aerosol phase at a sub-urban site near Mexico City in March 2006 during the MILAGRO study, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 3425–3442, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-3425-2009, 2009.
de Gouw, J. and Jimenez, J. L.: Organic Aerosols in the Earth's Atmosphere, Environ. Sci. Technol., 43, 7614–7618, https://doi.org/10.1021/es9006004, 2009.
Docherty, K. S., Stone, E. A., Ulbrich, I. M., DeCarlo, P. F., Snyder, D. C., Schauer, J. J, Peltier, R. E., Weber, R. J., Murphy, S. M., Seinfeld, J. H., Grover, B. D., Eatough, D. J., and Jimenez, J. L.: Apportionment of Primary and Secondary Organic Aerosols in Southern California during the 2005 Study of Organic Aerosols in Riverside (SOAR), Environ. Sci. Technol., 42, 7655–7662, https://doi.org/10.1021/es8008166, 2008.
Dominici, F., Peng, R. D., Bell, M. L., Pham, L., McDermott, A., Zeger, S. L. and Samet, J. M.: Fine particulate air pollution and hospital admission for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, JAMA, 295, 1127–1134, 2006.
Dominici, F., Peng, R. D., Ebisu, K., Zeger, S. L., Samet, J. M., Bell, M. L.: Does the effect of PM10 on mortality depend on PM nickel and vanadium content?, A reanalysis of the NMMAPS data, Environ. Health Perspect., 115, 1701–1703, 2007.
Doran, J. C., Fast, J. D., Barnard, J. C., Laskin, A., Desyaterik, Y., and Gilles, M. K.: Applications of lagrangian dispersion modeling to the analysis of changes in the specific absorption of elemental carbon, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 1377–1389, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-1377-2008, 2008.
Doran, J. C., Barnard, J. C., Arnott, W. P., Cary, R., Coulter, R., Fast, J. D., Kassianov, E. I., Kleinman, L., Laulainen, N. S., Martin, T., Paredes-Miranda, G., Pekour, M. S., Shaw, W. J., Smith, D. F., Springston, S. R., and Yu, X.-Y.: The T1-T2 study: evolution of aerosol properties downwind of Mexico City, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 1585–1598, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-1585-2007, 2007.
Doran, J. C., Abbott, S., Archuleta, J., Bian, X., Chow, J., Coulter, R. L., de Wekker, S. F. J., Edgerton, S., Elliott, S., Fernandez, A., Fast, D. J., Hubbe, J. M., King, C., Langley, D., Leach, J., Lee, J. T., Martin, T. J., Martinez, D., Martinez, J. L., Mercado, G., Mora, V., Mulhearn, M., Pena, J. L., Petty, R., Porch, W., Russell, C., Salas, R., Shannon, J. D., Shaw, W. J., Sosa, G., Tellier, L., Templeman, B., Watson, J. G., White, R., Whiteman, C. D., and Wolfe, D.: The IMADA-AVER boundary-layer experiment in the Mexico City area, B. Am. Meteor. Soc., 79, 2497–2508, 1998.
Doskey, P. V., Porter, J. A., and Scheff, P. A.: Source fingerprints for volatile non-methane hydrocarbons, J. Air Waste Manag. Assoc., 42, 1437–1445, 1992.
Dunlea, E. J., DeCarlo, P. F., Aiken, A. C., Kimmel, J. R., Peltier, R. E., Weber, R. J., Tomlinson, J., Collins, D. R., Shinozuka, Y., McNaughton, C. S., Howell, S. G., Clarke, A. D., Emmons, L. K., Apel, E. C., Pfister, G. G., van Donkelaar, A., Martin, R. V., Millet, D. B., Heald, C. L., and Jimenez, J. L.: Evolution of Asian aerosols during transpacific transport in INTEX-B, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 7257–7287, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-7257-2009, 2009.
Dunlea, E. J., Herndon, S. C., Nelson, D. D., Volkamer, R. M., San Martini, F., Sheehy, P. M., Zahniser, M. S., Shorter, J. H., Wormhoudt, J. C., Lamb, B. K., Allwine, E. J., Gaffney, J. S., Marley, N. A., Grutter, M., Marquez, C., Blanco, S., Cardenas, B., Retama, A., Ramos Villegas, C. R., Kolb, C. E., Molina, L. T., and Molina, M. J.: Evaluation of nitrogen dioxide chemiluminescence monitors in a polluted urban environment, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 2691–2704, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-2691-2007, 2007.
Dunn, M., Jimenez, J. L., Baumgardner, D., Castro, T., McMurry, P. H., and Smith, J. N.: Measurements of Mexico City nanoparticle size distributions: Observations of new particle formation and growth, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L10102, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GL019483, 2004.
Dusanter, S., Vimal, D., Stevens, P. S., Volkamer, R., and Molina, L. T.: Measurements of OH and HO2 concentrations during the MCMA-2006 field campaign – Part 1: Deployment of the Indiana University laser-induced fluorescence instrument, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 1665–1685, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-1665-2009, 2009a.
Dusanter, S., Vimal, D., Stevens, P. S., Volkamer, R., Molina, L. T., Baker, A., Meinardi, S., Blake, D., Sheehy, P., Merten, A., Zhang, R., Zheng, J., Fortner, E. C., Junkermann, W., Dubey, M., Rahn, T., Eichinger, B., Lewandowski, P., Prueger, J., and Holder, H.: Measurements of OH and HO2 concentrations during the MCMA-2006 field campaign – Part 2: Model comparison and radical budget, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 6655–6675, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-6655-2009, 2009b.
Dzepina, K., Arey, J., Marr, L.C., Worsnop, D. R., Salcedo, D., Zhang, Q., Onasch, T. B., Molina, L. T., Molina, M. J., and Jimenez, J. L.: Detection of Particle-Phase Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Mexico City using an Aerosol Mass Spectrometer, Int. J. Mass Spec., 263, 152–170, 2007.
Dzepina, K., Volkamer, R. M., Madronich, S., Tulet, P., Ulbrich, I. M., Zhang, Q., Cappa, C. D., Ziemann, P. J., and Jimenez, J. L.: Evaluation of recently-proposed secondary organic aerosol models for a case study in Mexico City, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 5681–5709, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-5681-2009, 2009.
Edgerton, S. A., Bian, X., Doran, J. C., Fast, J. D., Hubbe, J. M., Malone, E. L., Shaw, W. J., Whiteman, C. D., Zhong, S., Arriaga, J. L., Ortiz, E., Ruiz, M., Sosa, G., Vega, E., Limon, T., Guzman, F., Archuleta, J., Bossert, J. E., Elliot, S., Lee, J. T., McNair, L. A., Chow, J. C., Watson, J. G., Coulter, R. L., , Doskey, P. V., Gaffney, J. S., Marley, N. A., Neff, W., and Petty, R.: Particulate Air pollution in Mexico City: A Collaborative Research Project, J. Air Waste Manag. Assoc., 49, 1221–1229, 1999.
Emmons, L. K., Apel, E. C., Lamarque, J.-F., Hess, P. G., Avery, M., Blake, D., Brune, W., Campos, T., Crawford, J., DeCarlo, P. F., Hall, S., Heikes, B., Holloway, J., Jimenez, J. L., Knapp, D. J., Kok, G., Mena-Carrasco, M., Olson, J., O'Sullivan, D., Sachse, G., Walega, J., Weibring, P., Weinheimer, A., and Wiedinmyer, C.: Impact of Mexico City emissions on regional air quality from MOZART-4 simulations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 6195–6212, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-6195-2010, 2010.
Ervens, B., Cubison, M. J., Andrews, E., Feingold, G., Ogren, J. A., Jimenez, J. L., Quinn, P. K., Bates, T. S., Wang, J., Zhang, Q., Coe, H., Flynn, M., and Allan, J. D.: CCN predictions using simplified assumptions of organic aerosol composition and mixing state: a synthesis from six different locations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 4795–4807, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-4795-2010, 2010.
Evans, J., Levy, J., Hammitt, J., Santos-Burgoa, C., Castillejos, M., Caballero-Ramirez, M., Hernandez-Avila, M., Riojas-Rodriguez, H., Rojas-Bracho, L., Serrano-Trespalacios, P., Spengler, J. D., and Suh, H.: Health benefits of air pollution control, in: "Air Quality in the Mexico Megacity: an Integrated Assessment", edited by: Molina, L. T. and Molina, M. J. , Kluwer Academic Publishers, 103–136, 2002.
Farmer, D. K., Matsunaga, A., Docherty, K. S.,Surratt, J. D., Seinfeld, J. H., Ziemann, P. J., and Jimenez, J. L.: Response of the Aerosol Mass Spectrometer to organonitrates and organosulfates and implications for field studies, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 107, 6670–6675, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0912340107, 2010.
Fast, J., Aiken, A. C., Allan, J., Alexander, L., Campos, T., Canagaratna, M. R., Chapman, E., DeCarlo, P. F., de Foy, B., Gaffney, J., de Gouw, J., Doran, J. C., Emmons, L., Hodzic, A., Herndon, S. C., Huey, G., Jayne, J. T., Jimenez, J. L., Kleinman, L., Kuster, W., Marley, N., Russell, L., Ochoa, C., Onasch, T. B., Pekour, M., Song, C., Ulbrich, I. M., Warneke, C., Welsh-Bon, D., Wiedinmyer, C., Worsnop, D. R., Yu, X.-Y., and Zaveri, R.: Evaluating simulated primary anthropogenic and biomass burning organic aerosols during MILAGRO: implications for assessing treatments of secondary organic aerosols, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 6191–6215, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-6191-2009, 2009.
Fast, J. D., de Foy, B., Acevedo Rosas, F., Caetano, E., Carmichael, G., Emmons, L., McKenna, D., Mena, M., Skamarock, W., Tie, X., Coulter, R. L., Barnard, J. C., Wiedinmyer, C., and Madronich, S.: A meteorological overview of the MILAGRO field campaigns, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 2233–2257, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-2233-2007, 2007.
Faulhaber, A. E., Thomas, B. M., Jimenez, J. L., Jayne, J. T., Worsnop, D. R., and Ziemann, P. J.: Characterization of a thermodenuder-particle beam mass spectrometer system for the study of organic aerosol volatility and composition, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 2, 15–31, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2-15-2009, 2009.
Ferrare, R., Hostetler, C., Hair, J., Cook, A., Harper, D., Burton, S., Clayton, M. Clarke, A., Russell, P., Redemann, J.: Airborne High Spectral Resolution Lidar Aerosol Measurements During MILAGRO and TEXAQS/GoMACCS, Ninth Conference on Atmospheric Chemistry, 2007 Annual AMS Conference, San Antonio, TX, http://ams.confex.com/ams/pdfpapers/119758.pdf, January 2007.
Forster, P., Ramaswamy, V., Artaxo, P., et al.: Changes in Atmospheric Constituents and in Radiative Forcing, in: "Climate Change 2007: the Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change", edited by: Solomon, S., Qin, D., Manning, M., Chen, Z., Marquis, M., Averyt, K. B., Tignor, M., and Miller, H. L., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 2007.
Fortner, E. C., Zheng, J., Zhang, R., Berk Knighton, W., Volkamer, R. M., Sheehy, P., Molina, L., and André, M.: Measurements of Volatile Organic Compounds Using Proton Transfer Reaction – Mass Spectrometry during the MILAGRO 2006 Campaign, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 467–481, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-467-2009, 2009.
Fountoukis, C., Nenes, A., Sullivan, A., Weber, R., Van Reken, T., Fischer, M., Matías, E., Moya, M., Farmer, D., and Cohen, R. C.: Thermodynamic characterization of Mexico City aerosol during MILAGRO 2006, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 2141–2156, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-2141-2009, 2009.
Gaffney, J. S. and Marley, N. A.: Uncertainties of aerosol effects in global climate models, Atmospheric Environment, 32, 2873–2874, 1998.
Garcia, J. H., Li, W. W., Cardenas, N., Arimoto, R., Walton, J., and Trujillo, D.: Determination of PM2.5 sources using time-resolved integrated source and receptor models, Chemosphere, 65, 2018–2027, 2006.
Gasparini, R., Li, R. J., and Collins, D. R.: Integration of size distributions and size-resolved hygroscopicity measured during the Houston Supersite for compositional categorization of the aerosol, Atmos. Environ., 38(20), 3285–3303, 2004.
Gatebe, C. K., Dubovik, O., King, M. D., and Sinyuk, A.: Simultaneous retrieval of aerosol and surface optical properties from combined airborne- and ground-based direct and diffuse radiometric measurements, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 2777–2794, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-2777-2010, 2010.
Gilardoni, S., Liu, S., Takahama, S., Russell, L. M., Allan, J. D., Steinbrecher, R., Jimenez, J. L., De Carlo, P. F., Dunlea, E. J., and Baumgardner, D.: Characterization of organic ambient aerosol during MIRAGE 2006 on three platforms, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 5417–5432, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-5417-2009, 2009.
Greenberg, J. P., Guenther, A. B., and Turnipseed, A.: Tethered balloon-based soundings of ozone, aerosols, and solar radiation near Mexico City during MIRAGE-MEX, Atmos. Environ., 16, 2672–2677, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.02.019, 2009.
Grieshop, A. P., Logue, J. M., Donahue, N. M., and Robinson, A. L.: Laboratory investigation of photochemical oxidation of organic aerosol from wood fires 1: measurement and simulation of organic aerosol evolution, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 1263–1277, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-1263-2009, 2009.
Grutter, M., Basaldud, R., Rivera, C., Harig, R., Junkerman, W., Caetano, E., and Delgado-Granados, H.: SO2 emissions from Popocatépetl volcano: emission rates and plume imaging using optical remote sensing techniques, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 6655–6663, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-6655-2008, 2008.
Gurjar, B. R., Butler, T. M., Lawrence, M. G., and Lelieveld, J.: Evaluation of emissions and air quality in megacities, Atmos. Environ., 42, 1593–1606, 2008.
Hair, J. W., Hostetler, C. A., Cook, A. L., Harper, D. B., Ferrare, R. A., Mack, T. L., Welch, W., Isquierdo, L. R., and Hovis, F. E.: Airborne high spectral resolution Lidar for profiling aerosol optical properties, Appl. Opt., 47, 6734–6752, 2008.
Hallquist, M., Wenger, J. C., Baltensperger, U., Rudich, Y., Simpson, D., Claeys, M., Dommen, J., Donahue, N. M., George, C., Goldstein, A. H., Hamilton, J. F., Herrmann, H., Hoffmann, T., Iinuma, Y., Jang, M., Jenkin, M. E., Jimenez, J. L., Kiendler-Scharr, A., Maenhaut, W., McFiggans, G., Mentel, Th. F., Monod, A., Prévôt, A. S. H., Seinfeld, J. H., Surratt, J. D., Szmigielski, R., and Wildt, J.: The formation, properties and impact of secondary organic aerosol: current and emerging issues, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 5155–5236, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-5155-2009, 2009.
Harley, R. A., Marr, L. C., Lehner, J. K., and Giddings, S. N.: Changes in motor vehicle emissions on diurnal to decadal time scales and effects on atmospheric composition, Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 5356–5362, 2005.
Hashizume, M., Ueda, K., Nishiwaki, Y., Michikawa, T., and Onozuka, D.: Health effects of Asian dust events: a review of the literature, Nippon Eiseigaku Zasshi, 65, 13–421, 2010.
Heald, C. L., Goldstein, A. H., Allan, J. D., Aiken, A. C., Apel, E., Atlas, E. L., Baker, A. K., Bates, T. S., Beyersdorf, A. J., Blake, D. R., Campos, T., Coe, H., Crounse, J. D., DeCarlo, P. F., de Gouw, J. A., Dunlea, E. J., Flocke, F. M., Fried, A., Goldan, P., Griffin, R. J., Herndon, S. C., Holloway, J. S., Holzinger, R., Jimenez, J. L., Junkermann, W., Kuster, W. C., Lewis, A. C., Meinardi, S., Millet, D. B., Onasch, T., Polidori, A., Quinn, P. K., Riemer, D. D., Roberts, J. M., Salcedo, D., Sive, B., Swanson, A. L., Talbot, R., Warneke, C., Weber, R. J., Weibring, P., Wennberg, P. O., Worsnop, D. R., Wittig, A. E., Zhang, R., Zheng, J., and Zheng, W.: Total observed organic carbon (TOOC) in the atmosphere: a synthesis of North American observations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 2007–2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-2007-2008, 2008.
Heald, C. L., Kroll, J. H., Jimenez, J. L., Docherty, K. S., DeCarlo, P. F., Aiken, A. C., Chen, Q., Martin, S. T., Farmer, D. K., and Artaxo, P.: A simplified description of organic aerosol composition and implications for atmospheric aging, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L08803, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GL042737, 2010.
Hennigan, C. J., Sullivan, A. P., Fountoukis, C. I., Nenes, A., Hecobian, A., Vargas, O., Peltier, R. E., Case Hanks, A. T., Huey, L. G., Lefer, B. L., Russell, A. G., and Weber, R. J.: On the volatility and production mechanisms of newly formed nitrate and water soluble organic aerosol in Mexico City, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 3761–3768, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-3761-2008, 2008.
Herndon, S. C., Onasch, T. B., Wood, E. C., Kroll, J. H., Canagaratna, M. R., Jayne, J. T., Zavala, M. A., Knighton, W. B., Mazzoleni, C., Dubey, M.K., Ulbrich, I. M., Jimenez, J.L., Seila, R. de Gouw, J. A., de Foy, B., Fast, J., Molina, L. T., Kolb, C. E., and Worsnop, D. R.: The correlation of secondary organic aerosol with odd oxygen in a megacity outflow, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L15804, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL034058, 2008.
Hildemann, L. M., Klinedinst, D. B., Klouda, G. A., Currie, L. A., and Cass, G. R.: Sources of Urban Contemporary Carbon Aerosol, Environ. Sci. Technol., 28, 1565–1576, 1994.
Ho, S. S. H., Yu, J. Z., Chu, K. W. and Yeung, L. L.: Carbonyl Emissions from Commercial Cooking Sources in Hong Kong, J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc., 56, 1091–1098, 2006.
Hodzic, A., Jimenez, J. L., Madronich, S., Aiken, A. C., Bessagnet, B., Curci, G., Fast, J., Lamarque, J.-F., Onasch, T. B., Roux, G., Schauer, J. J., Stone, E. A., and Ulbrich, I. M.: Modeling organic aerosols during MILAGRO: importance of biogenic secondary organic aerosols, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 6949–6981, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-6949-2009, 2009.
Hodzic, A., Jimenez, J. L., Madronich, S., Canagaratna, M. R., DeCarlo, P. F., Kleinman, L., and Fast, J.: Modeling organic aerosols in a megacity: potential contribution of semi-volatile and intermediate volatility primary organic compounds to secondary organic aerosol formation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 5491–5514, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-5491-2010, 2010a.
Hodzic, A., Jimenez, J. L., Prévót, A. S. H., Szidat, S., Fast, J. D., and Madronich, S.: Can 3-D models explain the observed fractions of fossil and non-fossil carbon in and near Mexico City?, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 10, 14513–14556, https://doi.org/10.5194/acpd-10-14513-2010, 2010b.
Hofzumahaus, A., Rohrer, F., Lu, K., Bohn, B., Brauers, T., Chang, C., Fuchs, H., Holland, F., Kita, K., Kondo, Y., Li, X., Lou, S., Shao, M., Zeng, L., Wahner, A. and Zhang, Y.: Amplified Trace Gas Removal in the Troposphere, Science, 324, 1702–1704, 2009.
Hopke, P. K., Cohen, D. D., Begum, B. A., Biswas, S. K., Ni, B., Pandit, G. G., Santoso, M., Chung, Y.-S., Davy, P., Markwitz, A., Waheed, S., Siddique, N., Santos, F. L., Pabroa, P. C. B., Seneviratne, M. C. S., Wimolwattanapun, W., Bunprapob, S., Vuong, T. B. , Hien, P. D., and Markowicz, A.: Urban air quality in the Asian region, Sci. Total Environ., 404, 103–112, 2008.
Huffman, J. A., Ziemann, P. J., Jayne, J. T., Worsnop, D. R., and Jimenez., J. L.: Development and Characterization of a Fast-Stepping/Scanning Thermodenuder for Chemically-Resolved Aerosol Volatility Measurements, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 42, 395–407, 2008.
Huffman, J. A, Docherty, K. S., Mohr, C., Cubison, M. J., Ulbrich, I. M., Ziemann, P. J., Onasch, T. B., and Jimenez, J. L: Chemically-Resolved Volatility Measurements of Organic Aerosol from Different Sources, Environ. Sci. Technol., 43, 5351–5357, https://doi.org/10.1021/es803539d, 2009a.
Huffman, J. A., Docherty, K. S., Aiken, A. C., Cubison, M. J., Ulbrich, I. M., DeCarlo, P. F., Sueper, D., Jayne, J. T., Worsnop, D. R., Ziemann, P. J., and Jimenez, J. L.: Chemically-resolved aerosol volatility measurements from two megacity field studies, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 7161–7182, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-7161-2009, 2009b.
IPCC, Fourth Assessment Report: Climate Change 2007. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 4 volumes, http://www.ipcc.ch/publicationsand_data/publications_and_data_reports.htm {#}1, last access: 15 August 2010.
Iida, K., Stolzenburg, M. R., McMurry, P. H., and Smith, J. N.: Estimating nanoparticle growth rates from size-dependent charged fractions – Analysis of new particle formation events in Mexico City, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D05207, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD009260, 2008.
Jáuregui ,E.: El Clima de la Ciudad de México, Publisher Instituto de Geografia – UNAM, 129 pp., ISBN: 968-856-819-8 (in Spanish), 2000.
Jimenez, J. L., Canagaratna, M. R., Donahue, N. M., et al.: Evolution of Organic Aerosols in the Atmosphere, Science, 326, 1525–1529, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1180353, 2009.
Jobson, B. T., Volkamer, R. A., Velasco, E., Allwine, G., Westberg, H., Lamb, B. K., Alexander, M. L., Berkowitz, C. M., and Molina, L. T.: Comparison of aromatic hydrocarbon measurements made by PTR-MS, DOAS and GC-FID during the MCMA 2003 Field Experiment, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 1989–2005, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-1989-2010, 2010.
Johansson, M., Rivera, C., de Foy, B., Lei, W., Song, J., Zhang, Y., Galle, B., and Molina, L.: Mobile mini-DOAS measurement of the outflow of NO2 and HCHO from Mexico City, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 5647–5653, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-5647-2009, 2009.
Johnson, K. S., Zuberi, B., Molina, L. T., Molina, M. J., Iedema, M. J., Cowin, J. P., Gaspar, D. J., Wang, C., and Laskin, A.: Processing of soot in an urban environment: case study from the Mexico City Metropolitan Area, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 3033–3043, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-3033-2005, 2005.
Johnson, K. S., de Foy, B., Zuberi, B., Molina, L. T., Molina, M. J., Xie, Y., Laskin, A., and Shutthanandan, V.: Aerosol composition and source apportionment in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area with PIXE/PESA/STIM and multivariate analysis, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 4591–4600, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-4591-2006, 2006.
Johnson, K. S., Laskin, A., Jimenez, J. L., Shutthanandan, V., Molina, L. T., Salcedo, D., Dzepina, K., and Molina, M. J.: Comparative Analysis of Urban Atmospheric Aerosol by Particle-Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE), Proton Elastic Scattering Analysis (PESA), and Aerosol Mass Spectrometry (AMS), Environ. Sci. Technol, 42, 6619–6624, https://doi.org/10.1021/es800393e, 2008.
Junkermann, W. and Burger, J. M.: A new portable instrument for continuous measurement of formaldehyde in ambient air, J, Atmos, Ocean, Tech, 23, 38–45, 2006.
Karl, T., Apel, E., Hodzic, A., Riemer, D. D., Blake, D. R., and Wiedinmyer, C.: Emissions of volatile organic compounds inferred from airborne flux measurements over a megacity, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 271–285, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-271-2009, 2009.
Karydis, V. A., Tsimpidi, A. P., Fountoukis, C., Nenes, A., Zavala, M., Lei, W., Molina, L. T. and Pandis, S.: Simulating the fine and coarse inorganic particulate matter concentrations in a polluted Megacity, Atmos. Environ., 44, 608–620, 2010.
Kleinman, L. I., Daum, P. H., Lee, Y. N., Nunnermacker, L. J., Springston, S. R., Weinstein-Lloyd, J., and Rudolph, J.: A comparative study of ozone production in five US metropolitan areas, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 110, D02301, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JD005096, 2005.
Kleinman, L. I., Springston, S. R., Daum, P. H., Lee, Y.-N., Nunnermacker, L. J., Senum, G. I., Wang, J., Weinstein-Lloyd, J., Alexander, M. L., Hubbe, J., Ortega, J., Canagaratna, M. R., and Jayne, J.: The time evolution of aerosol composition over the Mexico City plateau, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 1559–1575, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-1559-2008, 2008.
Kleinman, L. I., Springston, S. R., Wang, J., Daum, P. H., Lee, Y.-N., Nunnermacker, L. J., Senum, G. I., Weinstein-Lloyd, J., Alexander, M. L., Hubbe, J., Ortega, J., Zaveri, R. A., Canagaratna, M. R., and Jayne, J.: The time evolution of aerosol size distribution over the Mexico City plateau, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 4261–4278, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-4261-2009, 2009.
Khlystov, A., Zhang, Q., Jimenez, J. L., Stanier, C., Pandis, S. N., Canagaratna, M. R., Fine, P., Misra, C., and Sioutas. C.: In-situ concentration of semi-volatile aerosol using water-condensation technology, Journal of Aerosol Science, 36, 866–880, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2004.11.005, 2005.
Kondo, Y., Miyazaki, Y., Takegawa, N., Miyakawa, T., Weber, R. J., Jimenez, J. L., Zhang, Q., and Worsnop, D. R.: Oxygenated and water-soluble organic aerosols in Tokyo, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D01203, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007056, 2007.
Lawrence, M. G., Butler, T. M., Steinkamp, J., Gurjar, B. R., and Lelieveld, J.: Regional pollution potentials of megacities and other major population centers, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 3969–3987, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-3969-2007, 2007.
Lei, W., de Foy, B., Zavala, M., Volkamer, R., and Molina, L. T.: Characterizing ozone production in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area: a case study using a chemical transport model, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 1347–1366, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-1347-2007, 2007.
Lei, W., Zavala, M., de Foy, B., Volkamer, R., and Molina, L. T.: Characterizing ozone production and response under different meteorological conditions in Mexico City, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 7571–7581, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-7571-2008, 2008.
Lei, W., Zavala, M., de Foy, B., Volkamer, R., Molina, M. J., and Molina, L. T.: Impact of primary formaldehyde on air pollution in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 2607–2618, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-2607-2009, 2009.
Lewandowski, P. A., Eichinger, W. E., Holder, H., Prueger, J., Wang, J., and Kleinman, L. I.: Vertical distribution of aerosols in the vicinity of Mexico City during MILAGRO-2006 Campaign, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 1017–1030, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-1017-2010, 2010.
Lezama, J. L., Favela, R., Galindo, L. M., Ibarrarán, M. E., Sánchez, S., Molina, L. T., Molina, M. J., Connors, S. R., and Fernandez Bremauntz, F.: Forces driving pollutant emissions in the MCMA, in: "Air Quality in the Mexico Megacity: an Integrated Assessment", edited by: Molina, L. T. and Molina, M. J., Kluwer Academic Publishers, 61–104, 2002.
Li, G., Lei, W., Zavala, M., Volkamer, R., Dusanter, S., Stevens, P., and Molina, L. T.: Impacts of HONO sources on the photochemistry in Mexico City during the MCMA-2006/MILAGO Campaign, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 6551–6567, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-6551-2010, 2010.
Lippmann, M.: Semi-continuous speciation analyses for ambient air particulate matter: An urgent need for health effects studies, J. Expo. Sci Environ. Epidemiol., 19, 235–247, 2009.
Lippmann M., Ito, K., Hwang, J. S., Maciejczyk, P., and Chen, L. C.: Cardiovascular effects of nickel in ambient air, Environ. Health Perspect., 114, 1662–1669, 2006.
Liu, S., Takahama, S., Russell, L. M., Gilardoni, S., and Baumgardner, D.: Oxygenated organic functional groups and their sources in single and submicron organic particles in MILAGRO 2006 campaign, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 6849–6863, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-6849-2009, 2009.
Livingston, J. M., Redemann, J., Russell, P. B., Torres, O., Veihelmann, B., Veefkind, P., Braak, R., Smirnov, A., Remer, L., Bergstrom, R. W., Coddington, O., Schmidt, K. S., Pilewskie, P., Johnson, R., and Zhang, Q.: Comparison of aerosol optical depths from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on Aura with results from airborne sunphotometry, other space and ground measurements during MILAGRO/INTEX-B, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 6743–6765, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-6743-2009, 2009.
Mao, J., Ren, X., Chen, S., Brune, W. H., Chen, Z., Martinez, M., Harder, H., Lefer, B., Rappengluck, B., Flynn, J., and Leuchner, M.: Atmospheric oxidation capacity in the summer of Houston 2006: comparison with summer measurements in other metropolitan studies, Atmos. Environ., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.01.013, in press, 2009.
Marley, N. A., Gaffney, J. S., and Cunningham, M. M.: Aqueous Greenhouse Species in Clouds, Fogs, and Aerosols. Environ. Sci. Technol., 27, 2864–2869, 1993.
Marley, N. A., Gaffney, J. S., and Orlandini, K. A.: Characterization of Aquatic Humic and Fulvic Materials by Cylindrical Internal Reflectance Infrared Spectroscopy. Chapter 7, Humic/Fulvic Acids and Organic Colloidal Materials in the Environment, ACS Symposium Series 651, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C., 96–107, 1996.
Marley, N. A., Gaffney, J. S., Ramos-Villegas, R., and Cárdenas González, B.: Comparison of measurements of peroxyacyl nitrates and primary carbonaceous aerosol concentrations in Mexico City determined in 1997 and 2003, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 2277–2285, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-2277-2007, 2007.
Marley, N. A., Gaffney, J. S., Ramos-Villegas, R., and Cárdenas González, B.: Comparison of measurements of peroxyacyl nitrates and primary carbonaceous aerosol concentrations in Mexico City determined in 1997 and 2003, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 2277–2285, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-2277-2007, 2007.
Marley, N. A., Gaffney, J. S., Tackett, M., Sturchio, N. C., Heraty, L., Martinez, N., Hardy, K. D., Marchany-Rivera, A., Guilderson, T., MacMillan, A., and Steelman, K.: The impact of biogenic carbon sources on aerosol absorption in Mexico City, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 1537–1549, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-1537-2009, 2009a.
Marley, N. A., Gaffney, J. S., Castro, T., Salcido, A., and Frederick, J.: Measurements of aerosol absorption and scattering in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area during the MILAGRO field campaign: a comparison of results from the T0 and T1 sites, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 189–206, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-189-2009, 2009b.
Marr, L. C., Dzepina, K., Jimenez, J. L., Reisen, F., Bethel, H. L., Arey, J., Gaffney, J. S., Marley, N. A., Molina, L. T., and Molina, M. J.: Sources and transformations of particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Mexico City, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 1733–1745, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-1733-2006, 2006.
Mauderly, J. L. and Samet, J. M.: Is there evidence for synergy among air pollutants in causing health effects?, Environ. Health Perspect, 117, 1–6, 2009.
McNaughton, C. S., Clarke, A. D., Kapustin, V., Shinozuka, Y., Howell, S. G., Anderson, B. E., Winstead, E., Dibb, J., Scheuer, E., Cohen, R. C., Wooldridge, P., Perring, A., Huey, L. G., Kim, S., Jimenez, J. L., Dunlea, E. J., DeCarlo, P. F., Wennberg, P. O., Crounse, J. D., Weinheimer, A. J., and Flocke, F.: Observations of heterogeneous reactions between Asian pollution and mineral dust over the Eastern North Pacific during INTEX-B, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 8283-8308, 2009.
Melamed, M. L., Basaldud, R., Steinbrecher, R., Emeis, S., Ruíz-Suárez, L. G., and Grutter, M.: Detection of pollution transport events southeast of Mexico City using ground-based visible spectroscopy measurements of nitrogen dioxide, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 4827–4840, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-4827-2009, 2009.
Mena-Carrasco, M., Carmichael, G. R., Campbell, J. E., Zimmerman, D., Tang, Y., Adhikary, B., D'allura, A., Molina, L. T., Zavala, M., García, A., Flocke, F., Campos, T., Weinheimer, A. J., Shetter, R., Apel, E., Montzka, D. D., Knapp, D. J., and Zheng, W.: Assessing the regional impacts of Mexico City emissions on air quality and chemistry, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 3731–3743, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-3731-2009, 2009.
Moffet, R. C., de Foy, B., Molina, L. T., Molina, M. J., and Prather, K. A.: Measurement of ambient aerosols in northern Mexico City by single particle mass spectrometry, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 4499–4516, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-4499-2008, 2008a.
Moffet, R. C. and Prather, K. A.: In-situ measurements of the mixing state and optical properties of soot with implications for radiative forcing estimates, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 106, 11872–11877, 2009.
Moffet, R. C., Henn, T. R., Tivanski, A. V., Hopkins, R. J., Desyaterik, Y., Kilcoyne, A. L. D., Tyliszczak, T., Fast, J., Barnard, J., Shutthanandan, V., Cliff, S. S., Perry, K. D., Laskin, A., and Gilles, M. K.: Microscopic characterization of carbonaceous aerosol particle aging in the outflow from Mexico City, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 961–976, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-961-2010, 2010.
Mohr, C., Huffman, J. A., Cubison, M. J., Aiken, A. C., Docherty, K. S., Kimmel, J. R., Ulbrich, I. M., Hannigan, M., Garcia, J., and Jimenez, J. L.: Characterization of Primary Organic Aerosol Emissions from Meat Cooking, Trash Burning, and Motor Vehicles with High-Resolution Aerosol Mass Spectrometry and Comparison with Ambient and Chamber Observations, Environ. Sci. Technol., 43, 2443–2449, https://doi.org/10.1021/es8011518, 2009.
Molina, L. T. and Molina, M. J.: Air Quality in the Mexico Megacity: An Integrated Assessment, Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 384 pp., 2002.
Molina L. T., Molina, M. J., Favela, R., Fernandez Bremauntz, F., Slott, R., and Zavala, M. A., Cleaning the Air: A Comparative Study, in: "Air Quality in the Mexico Megacity: An Integrated Assessment", edited by: Molina, L. T. and Molina, M. J., Kluwer Academic Publishers, 21–59, 2002.
Molina, L. T., Molina, M. J., Slott, R., Kolb, C. E., Gbor, P. K., Meng, F., Singh, R., Galvez, O., Sloan, J. J., Anderson, W., Tang, X. Y., Shao, M., Zhu, T., Zhang, Y. H., Hu, M., Gurjar, B. R., Artaxo, P., Oyola, P., Gramsch, E., Hidalgo, P., and Gertler A.: 2004 Critical Review Supplement: Air Quality in Selected Megacities, J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc, http://www.awma.org, 2004.
Molina, L. T., Kolb, C. E., de Foy, B., Lamb, B. K., Brune, W. H., Jimenez, J. L., Ramos-Villegas, R., Sarmiento, J., Paramo-Figueroa, V. H., Cardenas, B., Gutierrez-Avedoy, V., and Molina, M. J.: Air quality in North America's most populous city – overview of the MCMA-2003 campaign, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 2447–2473, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-2447-2007, 2007.
Molina, M. J. and Molina, L. T.: 2004 Critical Review: Megacities and atmospheric pollution, J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc., 54(6), 644–680, 2004.
Moreno ,T., Querol, X., Alastuey, A.: Lanthanoid geochemistry of urban atmospheric particulate matter, Environ. Sci. Technol., 42, 6502–6507, 2008a.
Moreno T., Querol X., Pey J., Pey, J., Minguillon, M. C., Perez, N., Bernabe, R. M., Blanco, S., Cerdenas, B., Eichinger, W., Salcido, A., and Gibbons, W.: Spatial and temporal variations in inhalable CuZnPb aerosols within the Mexico City pollution plume, J. Environ. Monitoring, 10, 370–378, 2008b.
Moya, M., Castro, T., Zepeda, M., and Baez, A.: Characterization of size-differentiated inorganic composition of aerosols in Mexico City, Atmos. Environ., 37, 3581–3591, 2003.
Mugica, V., Vega, E., Arriaga, J. L., Ruiz, M. E.: Determination of motor vehicle profiles for non-methane organic compounds in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area, J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc., 48, 1060–1068, 1998.
Mugica, V., Ruiz, M. E., Watson, J., and Chow, J.: Volatile aromatic compounds in Mexico City atmosphere: levels and source apportionment, Atmosfera, 16, 15–27, 2003.
Mugica V., Ortiz, E., Molina L., De Vizcaya-Ruiz A., Nebot A., Quintana R., Aguilar J., and Alcantara, E.: PM Composition and Source Reconciliation in Mexico City, Atmos. Environ. 43, 5068–5074, 2009.
NARSTO, (North American Research Strategy for Tropospheric Ozone): Improving emissions inventories for effective air quality management across North America, a NARSTO assessment, NARSTO-05-001, 2005.
Nemitz, E., Jimenez, J. L., Huffman, J. A., Canagaratna, M. R., Worsnop, D. R., and Guenther, A. B.: An eddy-covariance system for the measurement of surface/atmosphere exchange fluxes of submicron aerosol chemical species – first application above an urban area, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 42, 636–657, 2008.
Ng, N. L., Canagaratna, M. R., Zhang, Q., Jimenez, J. L., Tian, J., Ulbrich, I. M., Kroll, J. H., Docherty, K. S., Chhabra, P. S., Bahreini, R., Murphy, S. M., Seinfeld, J. H., Hildebrandt, L., Donahue, N. M., DeCarlo, P. F., Lanz, V. A., Prévôt, A. S. H., Dinar, E., Rudich, Y., and Worsnop, D. R.: Organic aerosol components observed in Northern Hemispheric datasets from Aerosol Mass Spectrometry, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 4625–4641, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-4625-2010, 2010.
Nunnermacker, L. J., Weinstein-Lloyd, J. B., Hillery, B., Giebel, B., Kleinman, L. I., Springston, S. R., Daum, P. H., Gaffney, J., Marley, N., and Huey, G.: Aircraft and ground-based measurements of hydroperoxides during the 2006 MILAGRO field campaign, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 7619–7636, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-7619-2008, 2008.
O'Neill, M. S., Bell, M. L., Ranjit, N., Cifuentes, L. A., Loomis, D., Gouveia, N. and Borja-Aburto V. H.: Air pollution and mortality in Latin America: The role of education, Epidemiology, 19, 810–819, 2008.
Oberdorster, G., Oberdorster, E., and Oberdorster, J.: Nanotoxicology: An emerging discipline evolving from studies of ultrafine particles, Environ. Health Persp., 113, 823–839, 2005.
Osornio-Vargas, A. R., Bonner, J. C., Alfaro-Moreno, E., Martínez L., García-Cuellar C., Ponce-de-León Rosales S., Miranda J., and Rosas, I.: Proinflammatory and cytotoxic effects of Mexico City air pollution particulate matter in vitro are dependent on particle size and composition, Environ. Health Perspect., 111, 1289–1293, 2003.
Osornio-Vargas, A. R, Quintana, R., Gómez, V., Serrano, J., Vázquez, I., Flores, G., Miranda, J., Vega, E., Ruiz, H., Escalona, S., de Foy, B., De Vizcaya-Ruiz, A., Garcia, C., Rosas, I., and Molina, L. T.: Oxidative potential and cellular effects induced by PM10 obtained in Mexico City and at a receptor site (2077). The Toxicologist CD, 102(S1), 427, 2008.
Padró, L. T., Tkacik, D., Lathem, T., Hennigan, C. J., Sullivan, A. P., Weber, R. J., Huey, L. G., and Nenes, A.: Investigation of CCN properties and droplet growth kinetics of water-soluble aerosol fraction in Mexico City, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D09204, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD013195, 2010.
Paredes-Miranda, G., Arnott, W. P., Jimenez, J. L., Aiken, A. C., Gaffney, J. S., and Marley, N. A.: Primary and secondary contributions to aerosol light scattering and absorption in Mexico City during the MILAGRO 2006 campaign, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 3721–3730, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-3721-2009, 2009.
Parrish, D. D., Allen, D. T., Bates, T. S., Estes, M., Fehsenfeld, F. C., Feingold, G., Ferrare, R., Hardesty, R. M., Meagher, J. F., Nielsen-Gammon, J. W., Pierce, R. B., Ryerson, T. B., Seinfeld, J. H., and Williams, E. J. : Overview of the Second Texas Air Quality Study (TexAQS II) and the Gulf of Mexico Atmospheric Composition and Climate Study (GoMACCS), J. Geophys. Res., 114, D00F13, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD011842, 2009b.
Peng, R. D., Dominici, F., Pastor-Barriuso, R., Zeger, S. L., and Samet, J. M.: Seasonal analyses of air pollution and mortality in 100 US cities, Am. J. Epidemiol., 161, 585–594, https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwi075, 2005.
Perring, A. E., Bertram, T. H., Farmer, D. K., Wooldridge, P. J., Dibb, J., Blake, N. J., Blake, D. R., Singh, H. B., Fuelberg, H., Diskin, G., Sachse, G., and Cohen, R. C.: The production and persistence of ΣRONO2 in the Mexico City plume, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 7215–7229, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-7215-2010, 2010.
Pope, C. A. and Dockery, D. W.: Health effects of fine particulate air pollution: lines that connect, Journal of Air and Waste Management Assoc., 56, 709-742, 2006.
Querol, X., Pey, J., Minguillón, M. C., Pérez, N., Alastuey, A., Viana, M., Moreno, T., Bernabé, R. M., Blanco, S., Cárdenas, B., Vega, E., Sosa, G., Escalona, S., Ruiz, H., and Artíñano, B.: PM speciation and sources in Mexico during the MILAGRO-2006 Campaign, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 111–128, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-111-2008, 2008.
Ramanathan, V., Crutzen, P. J., Kiehl, J. T., and Rosenfeld, D.: Aerosols, Climate, and the Hydrological Cycle, Science, 294, 2119–2124, 2001.
Ramanathan, V., Ramana, M. V., Roberts, G., Kim, D., Corrigan, C., Chung, C., and Winker, D.: Warming trends in Asia amplified by brown cloud solar absorption, Nature, 448, 575–578, 2007.
Redemann, J., Zhang, Q., Livingston, J., Russell, P., Shinozuka, Y., Clarke, A., Johnson, R., and Levy, R.: Testing aerosol properties in MODIS Collection 4 and 5 using airborne sunphotometer observations in INTEX-B/MILAGRO, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 8159–8172, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-8159-2009, 2009.
Reff, A., Bhave, P. V., Simon, H., Pace, T. G., Pouliot, G. A., Mobley, J. D., and Houyoux, M.: Emissions Inventory of PM2.5 Trace Elements across the United States, Environ. Sci. Technol., 43, 5790–5796, 2009.
Rivera, C., Sosa, G., Wöhrnschimmel, H., de Foy, B., Johansson, M., and Galle, B.: Tula industrial complex (Mexico) emissions of SO2 and NO2 during the MCMA 2006 field campaign using a mobile mini-DOAS system, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 6351–6361, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-6351-2009, 2009.
Robinson, A. L., Donahue, N. M., Shrivastava, M. K., Weitkamp, E. A., Sage, A. M., Grieshop, A. P., Lane, T. E., Pandis, S. N., Pierce, J. R.: Rethinking organic aerosols: Semivolatile emissions and photochemical aging, Science, 315, 1259–1262, 2007.
Rogers, R. R., Hair, J. W., Hostetler, C. A., Ferrare, R. A., Obland, M. D., Cook, A. L., Harper, D. B., Burton, S. P., Shinozuka, Y., McNaughton, C. S., Clarke, A. D., Redemann, J., Russell, P. B., Livingston, J. M., and Kleinman, L. I.: NASA LaRC airborne high spectral resolution lidar aerosol measurements during MILAGRO: observations and validation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 4811–4826, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-4811-2009, 2009.
Romieu, I., Lugo, M. C., Velasco, S. R., Sanchez, S., Meneses, F., and Hernandez, M.: Air pollution and school absenteeism among children in Mexico City, Am. J. Epidemiol., 136, 1524–1531, 1992.
Romieu, I., Meneses, F., Ruiz, S., Sienra, J. J, Huerta, J., White, M. C., and Etzel, R. A.: Effects of air pollution on the respiratory health of asthmatic children living in Mexico City, Am. J. Resp. Crit. Care Med. 154, 300–307, 1996.
Romieu. I., Ramirez-Aguilar, M., Sienra-Monge, J. J., Moreno-Macias, H., del Rio-Navarro, B. E., David, G., Marzec, J., Hernández-Avila, M., and London, S.: GSTM1 and GSTP1 and respiratory health in asthmatic children exposed to ozone, Eur. Respir. J., 28(5), 953–959, https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.06.00114905, 2006.
Rosas-Perez, I., Serrano, J., Alfaro-Moreno, E., Baumgardner, D., García-Cuella, C., Miranda-Martin del Campo, J., Raga, G. B., Castillejos, M., Drucker-Colín, R., and Osornio-Vargas, A.: Relations between PM10 composition and cell toxicity: a multivariate and graphical approach, Chemosphere, 67, 1218–1228, 2007.
Russell, P. B., Bergstrom, R. W., Shinozuka, Y., Clarke, A. D., DeCarlo, P. F., Jimenez, J. L., Livingston, J. M., Redemann, J., Dubovik, O., and Strawa, A.: Absorption Angstrom Exponent in AERONET and related data as an indicator of aerosol composition, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 1155–1169, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-1155-2010, 2010.
Rutter, A. P., Snyder, D. C., Stone, E. A., Schauer, J. J., Gonzalez-Abraham, R., Molina, L. T., Márquez, C., Cárdenas, B., and de Foy, B.: In situ measurements of speciated atmospheric mercury and the identification of source regions in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 207–220, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-207-2009, 2009.
Salcedo, D.; Onasch, T. B., Dzepina, K.., Canagaratna, M. R., Zhang, Q., Huffman, J. A., DeCarlo, P. F., Jayne, J. T., Mortimer, P., Worsnop, D. R., Kolb, C. E., Johnson, K. S., Zuberi, B., Marr, L. C., Volkamer, R., Molina, L. T., Molina, M. J., Cardenas, B., Bernabé, R. M., Márquez, C., Gaffney, J. S., Marley, N. A., Laskin, A., Shutthanandan, V., Xie, Y., Brune, W., Lesher, R., Shirley, T., and Jimenez, J. L.: Characterization of ambient aerosols in Mexico City during the MCMA-2003 campaign with Aerosol Mass Spectrometry: results from the CENICA Supersite, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 925–946, 2006.
Salcedo, D., Onasch, T. B., Dzepina, K., Canagaratna, M. R., Zhang, Q., Huffman, J. A., DeCarlo, P. F., Jayne, J. T., Mortimer, P., Worsnop, D. R., Kolb, C. E., Johnson, K. S., Zuberi, B., Marr, L. C., Volkamer, R., Molina, L. T., Molina, M. J., Cardenas, B., Bernabé, R. M., Márquez, C., Gaffney, J. S., Marley, N. A., Laskin, A., Shutthanandan, V., Xie, Y., Brune, W., Lesher, R., Shirley, T., and Jimenez, J. L.: Characterization of ambient aerosols in Mexico City during the MCMA-2003 campaign with Aerosol Mass Spectrometry: results from the CENICA Supersite, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 925–946, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-925-2006, 2006.
Salcedo, D., Onasch, T. B., Aiken, A. C., Williams, L. R., de Foy, B., Cubison, M. J., Worsnop, D. R., Molina, L. T., and Jimenez, J. L.: Determination of particulate lead using aerosol mass spectrometry: MILAGRO/MCMA-2006 observations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 5371–5389, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-5371-2010, 2010.
Samet, J. and Krewski, D.: Health effects associated with exposure to ambient air pollution, J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A, 70, 227–242, 2007.
Samoli, E., Zanobetti, A., Schwartz, J., Atkinson, R., LeTertre, A., Schindler, C., Perez, L., Cadum, E., Pekkanen, J., Paldy, A., Touloumi, G., Katsouyanni, K.: The temporal pattern of mortality responses to ambient ozone in the APHEA project, J. Epidemiol Community Health, 63(12), 960–966, 2009.
San Martini, F. M., Dunlea, E. J., Volkamer, R., Onasch, T. B., Jayne, J. T., Canagaratna, M. R., Worsnop, D. R., Kolb, C. E., Shorter, J. H., Herndon, S. C., Zahniser, M. S., Salcedo, D., Dzepina, K., Jimenez, J. L., Ortega, J. M., Johnson, K. S., McRae, G. J., Molina, L. T., and Molina, M. J.: Implementation of a Markov Chain Monte Carlo method to inorganic aerosol modeling of observations from the MCMA-2003 campaign – Part II: Model application to the CENICA, Pedregal and Santa Ana sites, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 4889–4904, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-4889-2006, 2006.
San Martini, F. M., Dunlea, E. J., Volkamer, R., Onasch, T. B., Jayne, J. T., Canagaratna, M. R., Worsnop, D. R., Kolb, C. E., Shorter, J. H., Herndon, S. C., Zahniser, M. S., Salcedo, D., Dzepina, K., Jimenez, J. L., Ortega, J. M., Johnson, K. S., McRae, G. J., Molina, L. T., and Molina, M. J.: Implementation of a Markov Chain Monte Carlo method to inorganic aerosol modeling of observations from the MCMA-2003 campaign – Part II: Model application to the CENICA, Pedregal and Santa Ana sites, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 4889–4904, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-4889-2006, 2006b.
Schauer, J. J.: Evaluation of elemental carbon as a marker for diesel particulate matter, J. Expos. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol, 13, 443–453, 2003.
Schauer, J. J., Rogge, W. F., HildemannL, M., Mazurek, M. A., Cass, G. R., and Simoneit, B. R. T.: Source Apportionment of Airborne Particulate Matter Using Organic Compounds as Tracers, Atmos. Environ., 30, 3837–3855, 1996.
Schifter, I., Diaz, L., Duran, J., Guzman, E., Chavez, O., and Lopez-Salinas, E.: Remote sensing study of emissions from motor vehicles in the Metropolitan Area of Mexico City, Environ. Sci. Technol., 37, 395–401, 2003.
Schifter, I., Dıaz, L., Rodrıguez, R., Duran, J., and Chavez. O.: Trends in exhaust emissions from in-use Mexico City vehicles, 2000–2006. A remote sensing study, Environ. Monit. Assess., 137, 459–470, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-007-9781-4, 2008.
Schmid, B., Ferrare, R., Flynn, C., Elleman, R., Covert, D., Strawa, A., Welton, E., Turner, D.,Jonsson, H., Redemann, J., Eilers, J., Ricci, K., Hallar, A. G., Clayton, M., Michalsky, J.,Smirnov, A., Holben, B., and Barnard, J.: How well do state-of-the-art techniques measur-ing the vertical profile of tropospheric aerosol extinction compare?, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D05S07, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD005837, 2006.
Schmidt, K. S., Pilewskie, P., Bergstrom, R., Coddington, O., Redemann, J., Livingston, J., Russell, P., Bierwirth, E., Wendisch, M., Gore, W., Dubey, M. K., and Mazzoleni, C.: A new method for deriving aerosol solar radiative forcing and its first application within MILAGRO/INTEX-B, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 10, 2731–2767, https://doi.org/10.5194/acpd-10-2731-2010, 2010.
SEMARNAT: Inventario Nacional de Emisiones de Mexico, 1999, Instituto Nacional de Ecologia, available at: http://www.ine.gob.mx/dgicur/calaire/inem.html, 2006.
Shaw, W. J., Pekour, M. S., Coulter, R. L., Martin, T. J., and Walters, J. T.: The daytime mixing layer observed by radiosonde, profiler, and lidar during MILAGRO, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 7, 15025–15065, https://doi.org/10.5194/acpd-7-15025-2007, 2007.
Sheehy, P. M., Volkamer, R., Molina, L. T., and Molina, M. J.: Oxidative capacity of the Mexico City atmosphere – Part 2: A ROx radical cycling perspective, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 6993–7008, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-6993-2010, 2010.
Shinozuka, Y., Clarke, A. D., DeCarlo, P. F., Jimenez, J. L., Dunlea, E. J., Roberts, G. C., Tomlinson, J. M., Collins, D. R., Howell, S. G., Kapustin, V. N., McNaughton, C. S., and Zhou, J.: Aerosol optical properties relevant to regional remote sensing of CCN activity and links to their organic mass fraction: airborne observations over Central Mexico and the US West Coast during MILAGRO/INTEX-B, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 6727–6742, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-6727-2009, 2009.
Shirley, T. R., Brune, W. H., Ren, X., Mao, J., Lesher, R., Cardenas, B., Volkamer, R., Molina, L. T., Molina, M. J., Lamb, B., Velasco, E., Jobson, T., and Alexander, M.: Atmospheric oxidation in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) during April 2003, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 2753–2765, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-2753-2006, 2006.
Shon, Z.-H., Madronich, S., Song, S.-K., Flocke, F. M., Knapp, D. J., Anderson, R. S., Shetter, R. E., Cantrell, C. A., Hall, S. R., and Tie, X.: Characteristics of the NO-NO2-O3 system in different chemical regimes during the MIRAGE-Mex field campaign, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 7153–7164, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-7153-2008, 2008.
Singh, H. B., Brune, W. H., Crawford, J. H., Flocke, F., and Jacob, D. J.: Chemistry and transport of pollution over the Gulf of Mexico and the Pacific: spring 2006 INTEX-B campaign overview and first results, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 2301–2318, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-2301-2009, 2009.
SMA-GDF (Secretaria del Medio Ambiente del Gobierno del Distrito Federal): Inventario de emisiones criterio para el año de 2006 de la Zona Metropolitana del Valle de México, Secretaría del Medio Ambiente, Gobierno de México, México, available at: http://www.sma.df.gob.mx/, 2008a.
SMA-GDF (Secretaria del Medio Ambiente del Gobierno del Distrito Federal): Inventario de emisiones toxicas para el año de 2006 de la Zona Metropolitana del Valle de México, Secretaría del Medio Ambiente, Gobierno de México, México, available at: http://www.sma.df.gob.mx/, 2008b.
SMA-GDF (Secretaria del Medio Ambiente del Gobierno del Distrito Federal): Inventario de emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero para el año de 2006 de la Zona Metropolitana del Valle de México, Secretaría del Medio Ambiente, Gobierno de México, México, available at: http://www.sma.df.gob.mx/, 2008c.
Smith, J. N., Dunn, M. J., VanReken, T. M., Iida, K., Stolzenburg, M. R., McMurry, P. H., and Huey, L. G.: Chemical composition of atmospheric nanoparticles formed from nucleation in Tecamac, Mexico: Evidence for an important role for organic species in nanoparticle growth, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L04808, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL032523, 2008.
Song, J., Lei, W., Bei, N., Zavala, M., de Foy, B., Volkamer, R., Cardenas, B., Zheng, J., Zhang, R., and Molina, L. T.: Ozone response to emission changes: a modeling study during the MCMA-2006/MILAGRO Campaign, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 3827–3846, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-3827-2010, 2010.
Spracklen, D. V., Carslaw, K. S., Kulmala, M., Kerminen, V.-M., Sihto, S.-L., Riipinen, I., Merikanto, J.,. Mann, G. W, Chipperfield, M. P., Wiedensohler, A., Birmili, W., and Lihavainen, H.: Contribution of particle formation to global cloud condensation nuclei concentrations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L06808, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL033038, 2008.
Stephens, S., Madronich, S., Wu, F., Olson, J. B., Ramos, R., Retama, A., and Muñoz, R.: Weekly patterns of México City's surface concentrations of CO, NOx, PM$_10$ and O3 during 1986–2007, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 5313–5325, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-5313-2008, 2008.
Stone, E. A., Snyder, D. C., Sheesley, R. J., Sullivan, A. P., Weber, R. J., and Schauer, J. J.: Source apportionment of fine organic aerosol in Mexico City during the MILAGRO experiment 2006, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 1249–1259, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-1249-2008, 2008.
Stone, E. A., Hedman, C. J., Sheesley, R. J., Shafer, M. M., and Schauer, J. J.: Investigating the chemical nature of humic-like substances (HULIS) in North American atmospheric aerosols by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, Atmos. Environ., 43, 4205–4213, 2009.
Stone, E. A., Hedman, C. J., Zhou, J., Mieritz, M., and Schauer, J. J.: Insights into the Nature of Secondary Organic Aerosol in Mexico City during the MILAGRO Experiment 2006, Atmos. Environ., 44, 312–319, 2010a.
Stone, E. A., Schauer, J. J., Quraishi, T. A., and Mahmood, A.: Chemical Characterization and Source Apportionment of Fine and Coarse Particulate Matter in Lahore, Pakistan, Atmos. Environ., 44, 1062–1070, 2010b.
Stremme, W., Ortega, I., and Grutter, M.: Using ground-based solar and lunar infrared spectroscopy to study the diurnal trend of carbon monoxide in the Mexico City boundary layer, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 8061–8078, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-8061-2009, 2009.
Streit, G. E. and Guzman, F.: Mexico City Air Quality: Progress of an International Collaborative Project to Define Air Quality Management Options. Atmos. Environ., 30, 723–733, 1996.
Subramanian, R., Kok, G. L., Baumgardner, D., Clarke, A., Shinozuka, Y., Campos, T. L., Heizer, C. G., Stephens, B. B., de Foy, B., Voss, P. B., and Zaveri, R. A.: Black carbon over Mexico: the effect of atmospheric transport on mixing state, mass absorption cross-section, and BC/CO ratios, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 219–237, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-219-2010, 2010.
Talbot, R., Mao, H., Scheuer, E., Dibb, J., Avery, M., Browell, E., Sachse, G., Vay, S., Blake, D., Huey, G., and Fuelberg, H.: Factors influencing the large-scale distribution of Hg° in the Mexico City area and over the North Pacific, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 2103–2114, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-2103-2008, 2008.
Thompson, A. M., Yorks, J. E., Miller, S. K., Witte, J. C., Dougherty, K. M., Morris, G. A., Baumgardner, D., Ladino, L., and Rappenglück, B.: Tropospheric ozone sources and wave activity over Mexico City and Houston during MILAGRO/Intercontinental Transport Experiment (INTEX-B) Ozonesonde Network Study, 2006 (IONS-06), Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 5113–5125, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-5113-2008, 2008.
Thornhill, D. A., de Foy, B., Herndon, S. C., Onasch, T. B., Wood, E. C., Zavala, M., Molina, L. T., Gaffney, J. S., Marley, N. A., and Marr, L. C.: Spatial and temporal variability of particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Mexico City, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 3093–3105, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-3093-2008, 2008.
Thornhill, D. A., Williams, A. E., Onasch, T. B., Wood, E., Herndon, S. C., Kolb, C. E., Knighton, W. B., Zavala, M., Molina, L. T., and Marr, L. C.: Application of positive matrix factorization to on-road measurements for source apportionment of diesel- and gasoline-powered vehicle emissions in Mexico City, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 3629–3644, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-3629-2010, 2010.
Tie, X., Madronich, S., Li, G. H., Ying, Z. M., Zhang, R., Garcia, A., Lee-Taylor, J., and Liu, Y.: Characterizations of chemical oxidants in Mexico City: a regional chemical/dynamical model (WRF-Chem) study, Atmos. Environ., 41, 1989–2008, 2007.
Tie, X., Madronich, S., Li, G., Ying, Z., Weinheimer, A., Apel, E., and Campos, T.: Simulation of Mexico City plumes during the MIRAGE-Mex field campaign using the WRF-Chem model, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 4621–4638, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-4621-2009, 2009.
Tovalin, H., Herbarth, O., Sierra-Vargas, M. P., Strandberg, B., Blanco, S., Vega ,L., Sioutas, C. Hicks, J., Marroquín, R., Acosta, G., Guarneros, M., Hernández, V., Estrada-Muñiz, E., Olivares, I., Pérez, D., Torres-Ramos, Y., Ulrich, F., Hudson, R., Reyes, E., Rodríguez, T., Elizondo, G., and Cantellano, E.: Air pollutants exposure and health effects: A multi-pollutant approach during the MILAGRO-MCMA2006 campaign, in: "Air Pollution: Health & Environmental Impacts", edited by: Gurjar, B. R., Molina, L. T., Ojha, C. S. P., Taylor & Francis, 203–228, 2010.
Tsimpidi, A. P., Karydis, V. A., Zavala, M., Lei, W., Molina, L., Ulbrich, I. M., Jimenez, J. L., and Pandis, S. N.: Evaluation of the volatility basis-set approach for the simulation of organic aerosol formation in the Mexico City metropolitan area, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 525–546, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-525-2010, 2010.
Ulbrich, I. M., Canagaratna, M. R., Zhang, Q., Worsnop, D. R., and Jimenez, J. L.: Interpretation of organic components from Positive Matrix Factorization of aerosol mass spectrometric data, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 2891–2918, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-2891-2009, 2009.
Vay, S. A., Tyler, S. C., Choi, Y., Blake, D. R., Blake, N. J., Sachse, G. W., Diskin, G. S., and Singh, H. B.: Sources and transport of Δ14C in CO2 within the Mexico City Basin and vicinity, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 4973–4985, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-4973-2009, 2009.
Vega, E., Reyes, E., Sanchez, G., Ortiz, E., Ruiz, M., Chow, J., Watson, J., and Edgerton, S.: Basic statistics of PM2.5 and PM10 in the atmosphere of Mexico City, Sci. Total Environ., 287, 167–176, 2002.
Vega, E., Reyes, E., Ruiz, H., García, J., Sánchez, G., Martínez-Villa, G., González, U., Chow, J. C., and Watson, J. G.: Analysis of PM2.5 and PM10 in the Atmosphere of Mexico City during 2000–2002, J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc., 54, 786–798, 2004.
Vega, E., Lowenthal, D. H., Ruiz, H., Reyes, E., Watson, J. G., Chow, J. C., Viana, M., Querol, X., and Alastuey, A.: Fine Particle Receptor Modeling in the Atmosphere of Mexico City, J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc., 59, 1417–1428, 2009.
Velasco, E., Lamb, B., Pressley, S., Allwine, E., Westberg, H., Jobson, B. T., Alexander, M., Prazeller, P., Molina, L. T., and Molina, M. J.: Flux measurements of volatile organic compounds from an urban landscape, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L20802, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL023356, 2005.
Velasco, E., Lamb, B., Westberg, H., Allwine, E., Sosa, G., Arriaga-Colina, J. L., Jobson, B. T., Alexander, M. L., Prazeller, P., Knighton, W. B., Rogers, T. M., Grutter, M., Herndon, S. C., Kolb, C. E., Zavala, M., de Foy, B., Volkamer, R., Molina, L. T., and Molina, M. J.: Distribution, magnitudes, reactivities, ratios and diurnal patterns of volatile organic compounds in the Valley of Mexico during the MCMA 2002 & 2003 field campaigns, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 329–353, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-329-2007, 2007.
Velasco, E., Márquez, C., Bueno, E., Bernabé, R. M., Sánchez, A., Fentanes, O., Wöhrnschimmel, H., Cárdenas, B., Kamilla, A., Wakamatsu, S., and Molina, L. T.: Vertical distribution of ozone and VOCs in the low boundary layer of Mexico City, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 3061–3079, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-3061-2008, 2008.
Velasco, E., Pressley, S., Grivicke, R., Allwine, E., Coons, T., Foster, W., Jobson, B. T., Westberg, H., Ramos, R., Hernández, F., Molina, L. T., and Lamb, B.: Eddy covariance flux measurements of pollutant gases in urban Mexico City, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 7325–7342, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-7325-2009, 2009.
Velasco, E., Pressley, S., Grivicke, R., Allwine, E., Molina, L. T., and Lamb, B.: Energy balance in urban Mexico City: observation and parameterization during the MILAGRO/MCMA-2006 field campaign, Theor. Appl. Climatol., 102, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-010-0314-7, 2010.
Volkamer, R., Molina, L. T., Molina, M. J., Shirley, T., and Brune, W. H.: DOAS measurement of glyoxal as an indicator for fast VOC chemistry in urban air, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L08806, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL022616, 2005.
Volkamer, R., Jimenez, J. L., San Martini, F., Dxepina, K., Zhang, Q., Salcedo, D., Molina, L. T., Worsnop, D. R., and Molina, M. J.: Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation from Anthropogenic Air Pollution: rapid and Higher than Expected, Geophys. Res. Lett, 33, L17811, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL026899, 2006.
Volkamer, R., San Martini, F., Molina, L. T., Salcedo, D., Jimenez, J. L., and Molina, M. J.: A Missing Sink for Gas-Phase Glyoxal in Mexico City: formation of Secondary Organic Aerosol, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L19807, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL030752, 2007.
Volkamer, R., Sheehy, P., Molina, L. T., and Molina, M. J.: Oxidative capacity of the Mexico City atmosphere – Part 1: A radical source perspective, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 6969–6991, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-6969-2010, 2010. Volkamer, R., Ziemann, P. J., and Molina, M. J.: Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation from Acetylene (C2H2): seed effect on SOA yields due to organic photochemistry in the aerosol aqueous phase, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 1907–1928, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-1907-2009, 2009.
Voss, P. B., Zaveri, R. A., Flocke, F. M., Mao, H., Hartley, T. P., DeAmicis, P., Deonandan, I., Contreras-Jiménez, G., Martínez-Antonio, O., Figueroa Estrada, M., Greenberg, D., Campos, T. L., Weinheimer, A. J., Knapp, D. J., Montzka, D. D., Crounse, J. D., Wennberg, P. O., Apel, E., Madronich, S., and de Foy, B.: Long-range pollution transport during the MILAGRO-2006 campaign: a case study of a major Mexico City outflow event using free-floating altitude-controlled balloons, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 7137–7159, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-7137-2010, 2010.
Wallace, L.: Indoor sources of ultrafine and accumulation mode particles: Size distributions, size-resolved concentrations, and source strengths, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 40, 348–360, 2006.
Wang, J., Cubison, M. J., Aiken, A. C., Jimenez, J. L., and Collins, D. R.: The importance of aerosol mixing state and size-resolved composition on CCN concentration and the variation of the importance with atmospheric aging of aerosols, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 7267–7283, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-7267-2010, 2010.
Watson, J. G.: Visibility: science and regulation, J. Air Waste Manag. Assoc., 52(6), 628–713, 2002.
Weibring, P., Richter, D., Walega, J. G., and Fried, A.: Airborne difference frequency spectrometer for ultra sensitive formaldehyde measurements, in Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference and Photonic Applications Systems Technologies, OSA Technical Digest Series (CD), Optical Society of America, 2007.
Wert, B. P., Trainer, M., Fried, A., Ryerson, T. B., Henry, B., Potter, W., Angevine, W. M., Atlas, E., Donnelly, S. G., Fehsenfeld, F. C., Frost, G. J., Goldan, P. D., Hansel, A., Holloway, J. S. , Hubler, G., Kuster, W. C., Nicks Jr., D. K., Neuman, J. A., Parrish, D. D., Schauffler, S., Stutz, J., Sueper, D. T., Wiedinmyer, C., Wisthaler, A.: Signatures of terminal alkene oxidation in airborne formaldehyde measurements during TexAQS 2000, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4104, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD002502, 2003.
Wöhrnschimmel, H., Magaña, M., Stahel, W. A., Blanco, S., Acuña, S., Pérez, J. M., González, S., Gutiérrez, V., Wakamatsu, S., and Cárdenas, B.: Measurements and receptor modeling of volatile organic compounds in south-eastern Mexico City, 2000–2007, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 10, 3319–3346, https://doi.org/10.5194/acpd-10-3319-2010, 2010.
Wood, E. C., Herndon, S. C., Onasch, T. B., Kroll, J. H., Canagaratna, M. R., Kolb, C. E., Worsnop, D. R., Neuman, J. A., Seila, R., Zavala, M., and Knighton, W. B.: A case study of ozone production, nitrogen oxides, and the radical budget in Mexico City, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 2499–2516, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-2499-2009, 2009.
Wood, E. C., Canagaratna, M. R., Herndon, S. C., Kroll, J. H., Onasch, T. B., Kolb, C. E., Worsnop, D. R., Knighton, W. B., Seila, R., Zavala, M., Molina, L. T., DeCarlo, P. F., Jimenez, J. L., Weinheimer, A. J., Knapp, D. J., Jobson, B. T., Stutz, J., Kuster, W. C., and Williams, E. J.: Investigation of the correlation between odd oxygen and secondary organic aerosol in Mexico City and Houston, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 10, 3547–3604, https://doi.org/10.5194/acpd-10-3547-2010, 2010.
Yokelson, R. J., Urbanski, S. P., Atlas, E. L., Toohey, D. W., Alvarado, E. C., Crounse, J. D., Wennberg, P. O., Fisher, M. E., Wold, C. E., Campos, T. L., Adachi, K., Buseck, P. R., and Hao, W. M.: Emissions from forest fires near Mexico City, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 5569–5584, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-5569-2007, 2007.
Yokelson, R. J., Crounse, J. D., DeCarlo, P. F., Karl, T., Urbanski, S., Atlas, E., Campos, T., Shinozuka, Y., Kapustin, V., Clarke, A. D., Weinheimer, A., Knapp, D. J., Montzka, D. D., Holloway, J., Weibring, P., Flocke, F., Zheng, W., Toohey, D., Wennberg, P. O., Wiedinmyer, C., Mauldin, L., Fried, A., Richter, D., Walega, J., Jimenez, J. L., Adachi, K., Buseck, P. R., Hall, S. R., and Shetter, R.: Emissions from biomass burning in the Yucatan, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 5785–5812, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-5785-2009, 2009.
Yu, X.-Y., Cary, R. A., and Laulainen, N. S.: Primary and secondary organic carbon downwind of Mexico City, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 6793–6814, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-6793-2009, 2009.
Yuan, T., Li, Z., Zhang, R., and Fan, J.: Increase of cloud droplet size with increasing aerosol loading, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D04201, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD008632, 2008.
Zambrano García, A., Medina Coyotzin, C., Rojas Amaro, A., López Veneroni, D., Chang Martínez, L., and Sosa Iglesias, G.: Distribution and sources of bioaccumulative air pollutants at Mezquital Valley, Mexico, as reflected by the atmospheric plant Tillandsia recurvata L., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 6479–6494, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-6479-2009, 2009.
Zavala, M., Herndon, S. C., Slott, R. S., Dunlea, E. J., Marr, L. C., Shorter, J. H., Zahniser, M., Knighton, W. B., Rogers, T. M., Kolb, C. E., Molina, L. T., and Molina, M. J.: Characterization of on-road vehicle emissions in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area using a mobile laboratory in chase and fleet average measurement modes during the MCMA-2003 field campaign, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 5129–5142, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-5129-2006, 2006.
Zavala, M., Lei, W., Molina, M. J., and Molina, L. T.: Modeled and observed ozone sensitivity to mobile-source emissions in Mexico City, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 39–55, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-39-2009, 2009a.
Zavala, M., Herndon, S. C., Wood, E. C., Onasch, T. B., Knighton, W. B., Marr, L. C., Kolb, C. E., and Molina, L. T.: Evaluation of mobile emissions contributions to Mexico City's emissions inventory using on-road and cross-road emission measurements and ambient data, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 6305–6317, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-6305-2009, 2009b.
Zaveri, R., Chapman, E. G., Easter, R. C., Fast, J. D., Flocke, F., Kleinman, L. I., Madronich, S., Springston, S. R., Voss, P. B., and Weinheimer, A.: Modeling gas-aerosol processes during MILAGRO 2006, Fall American Geophysical Union Meeting, San Francisco, CA, A33D-1570, 2007.
Zhang, Q., Jimenez, J. L., Canagaratna, M. R., Allan, J. D., Coe, H., Ulbrich, I., Alfarra, M. R., Takami, A., Middlebrook, A. M., Sun, Y. L., Dzepina, K., Dunlea, E., Docherty, K., DeCarlo, P. F., Salcedo, D., Onasch, T., Jayne, J. T., Miyoshi, T., Shimono, A., Hatakeyama, S., Takegawa, N., Kondo, Y., Schneider, J., Drewnick, F., Borrmann, S., Weimer, S., Demerjian, K., Williams, P., Bower, K., Bahreini, R., Cottrell, L., Griffin, R. J., Rautiainen, J., Sun, J. Y., Zhang, Y. M., and Worsnop, D. R.: Ubiquity and dominance of oxygenated species in organic aerosols in anthropogenically-influenced Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L13801, https://doi.org/13810.11029/12007GL029979, 2007.
Zhang, Y., Dubey, M. K., Olsen, S. C., Zheng, J., and Zhang, R.: Comparisons of WRF/Chem simulations in Mexico City with ground-based RAMA measurements during the 2006-MILAGRO, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 3777–3798, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-3777-2009, 2009.
Zhang, Y., and Dubey, M. K.: Comparisons of WRF/Chem simulated O3 concentrations in Mexico City with ground-based RAMA measurements during the MILAGRO period, Atmos. Environ., 43, 4622–4631, 2009.
Zheng, J., Zhang, R., Fortner, E. C., Volkamer, R. M., Molina, L., Aiken, A. C., Jimenez, J. L., Gaeggeler, K., Dommen, J., Dusanter, S., Stevens, P. S., and Tie, X.: Measurements of HNO3 and N2O5 using ion drift-chemical ionization mass spectrometry during the MILAGRO/MCMA-2006 campaign, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 6823–6838, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-6823-2008, 2008.
Special issue
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint