Articles | Volume 21, issue 9
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7099-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7099-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
10 May 2021
Research article |
| 10 May 2021
| 10 May 2021
Increased primary and secondary H2SO4 showing the opposing roles in secondary organic aerosol formation from ethyl methacrylate ozonolysis
Peng Zhang
State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Tianzeng Chen
State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Jun Liu
State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Guangyan Xu
State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Wanqi Sun
CMA Meteorological Observation Centre, Beijing 100081, China
State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Related authors
Jialin Lu, Tianzeng Chen, Jun Liu, Huiying Xuan, Peng Zhang, Qingxin Ma, Yonghong Wang, Hao Li, Biwu Chu, and Hong He
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3956, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3956, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
Ground-level ozone pollution in Beijing poses a serious threat to health and the environment. We ultimately discovered that insufficiently recognized processes in the atmosphere that can scavenge nitrogen dioxide are crucial. After incorporating these into the model, the prediction accuracy for Beijing ozone was dramatically improved. Our work provides more precise tools for designing cleaner air strategies in China.
Zhanyu Su, Lanxiadi Chen, Yuan Liu, Peng Zhang, Tianzeng Chen, Biwu Chu, Mingjin Tang, Qingxin Ma, and Hong He
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 993–1003, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-993-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-993-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, different soot particles were analyzed to better understand their behavior. It was discovered that water-soluble substances in soot facilitate water adsorption at low humidity while increasing the number of water layers at high humidity. Soot from organic fuels exhibits hygroscopicity influenced by organic carbon and microstructure. Additionally, the presence of sulfate ions due to the oxidation of SO2 enhances soot's hygroscopicity.
Ouyang Liu, Zhengqiang Li, Yangyan Lin, Cheng Fan, Ying Zhang, Kaitao Li, Peng Zhang, Yuanyuan Wei, Tianzeng Chen, Jiantao Dong, and Gerrit de Leeuw
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 377–395, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-377-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-377-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is a trace gas which is important for atmospheric chemistry and may affect human health. To understand processes leading to harmful concentrations, it is important to monitor NO2 concentrations near the surface and higher up. To this end, a Pandora instrument has been installed in Beijing. An overview of the first year of data shows the large variability on diurnal to seasonal timescales and how this is affected by wind speed and direction and chemistry.
Tianzeng Chen, Jun Liu, Qingxin Ma, Biwu Chu, Peng Zhang, Jinzhu Ma, Yongchun Liu, Cheng Zhong, Pengfei Liu, Yafei Wang, Yujing Mu, and Hong He
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 1341–1356, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-1341-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-1341-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Effects of photochemical aging on the formation and evolution of summertime secondary aerosol were systematically investigated in a suburb of Beijing. Higher PM1 concentration accompanied longer photochemical age (ta). Sulfate and more-oxidized OOA formation were significantly sensitive to the increase in ta, and their contributions were greatly enhanced at elevated ta levels. Our results suggested that photochemical aging process played a crucial role in PM1 and O3 pollution in summertime.
Jialin Lu, Tianzeng Chen, Jun Liu, Huiying Xuan, Peng Zhang, Qingxin Ma, Yonghong Wang, Hao Li, Biwu Chu, and Hong He
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3956, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3956, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
Ground-level ozone pollution in Beijing poses a serious threat to health and the environment. We ultimately discovered that insufficiently recognized processes in the atmosphere that can scavenge nitrogen dioxide are crucial. After incorporating these into the model, the prediction accuracy for Beijing ozone was dramatically improved. Our work provides more precise tools for designing cleaner air strategies in China.
Pengfei Han, Ning Zeng, Bo Yao, Wen Zhang, Weijun Quan, Pucai Wang, Ting Wang, Minqiang Zhou, Qixiang Cai, Yuzhong Zhang, Ruosi Liang, Wanqi Sun, and Shengxiang Liu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 4965–4988, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-4965-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-4965-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Methane (CH4) is a potent greenhouse gas. Northern China contributes a large proportion of CH4 emissions, yet large observation gaps exist. Here we compiled a comprehensive dataset, which is publicly available, that includes ground-based, satellite-based, inventory, and modeling results to show the CH4 concentrations, enhancements, and spatial–temporal variations. The data can benefit the research community and policy-makers for future observations, atmospheric inversions, and policy-making.
Jiewen Shen, Bin Zhao, Shuxiao Wang, An Ning, Yuyang Li, Runlong Cai, Da Gao, Biwu Chu, Yang Gao, Manish Shrivastava, Jingkun Jiang, Xiuhui Zhang, and Hong He
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 10261–10278, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10261-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10261-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We extensively compare various cluster-dynamics-based parameterizations for sulfuric acid–dimethylamine nucleation and identify a newly developed parameterization derived from Atmospheric Cluster Dynamic Code (ACDC) simulations as being the most reliable one. This study offers a valuable reference for developing parameterizations of other nucleation systems and is meaningful for the accurate quantification of the environmental and climate impacts of new particle formation.
Ming Chu, Xing Wei, Shangfei Hai, Yang Gao, Huiwang Gao, Yujiao Zhu, Biwu Chu, Nan Ma, Juan Hong, Yele Sun, and Xiaohong Yao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 6769–6786, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6769-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6769-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We used a 20-bin WRF-Chem model to simulate NPF events in the NCP during a three-week observational period in the summer of 2019. The model was able to reproduce the observations during June 29–July 6, which was characterized by a high frequency of NPF occurrence.
Haotian Zu, Biwu Chu, Yiqun Lu, Ling Liu, and Xiuhui Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 5823–5835, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5823-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5823-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The nucleation of iodic acid (HIO3) and iodous acid (HIO2) was proven to be critical in marine areas. However, HIO3–HIO2 nucleation cannot effectively derive the rapid nucleation in some polluted coasts. We find a significant enhancement of dimethylamine (DMA) on the HIO3–HIO2 nucleation in marine and polar regions with abundant DMA sources, which may establish reasonable connections between the HIO3–HIO2 nucleation and the rapid formation of new particles in polluted marine and polar regions.
Jing Li, Nan Wu, Biwu Chu, An Ning, and Xiuhui Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3989–4000, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3989-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3989-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Iodic acid (HIO3) nucleates with iodous acid (HIO2) efficiently in marine areas; however, whether methanesulfonic acid (MSA) can synergistically participate in the HIO3–HIO2-based nucleation is unclear. We provide molecular-level evidence that MSA can efficiently promote the formation of HIO3–HIO2-based clusters using a theoretical approach. The proposed MSA-enhanced iodine nucleation mechanism may help us to deeply understand marine new particle formation events with bursts of iodine particles.
Zhanyu Su, Lanxiadi Chen, Yuan Liu, Peng Zhang, Tianzeng Chen, Biwu Chu, Mingjin Tang, Qingxin Ma, and Hong He
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 993–1003, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-993-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-993-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, different soot particles were analyzed to better understand their behavior. It was discovered that water-soluble substances in soot facilitate water adsorption at low humidity while increasing the number of water layers at high humidity. Soot from organic fuels exhibits hygroscopicity influenced by organic carbon and microstructure. Additionally, the presence of sulfate ions due to the oxidation of SO2 enhances soot's hygroscopicity.
Ouyang Liu, Zhengqiang Li, Yangyan Lin, Cheng Fan, Ying Zhang, Kaitao Li, Peng Zhang, Yuanyuan Wei, Tianzeng Chen, Jiantao Dong, and Gerrit de Leeuw
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 377–395, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-377-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-377-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is a trace gas which is important for atmospheric chemistry and may affect human health. To understand processes leading to harmful concentrations, it is important to monitor NO2 concentrations near the surface and higher up. To this end, a Pandora instrument has been installed in Beijing. An overview of the first year of data shows the large variability on diurnal to seasonal timescales and how this is affected by wind speed and direction and chemistry.
Chao Yan, Yicheng Shen, Dominik Stolzenburg, Lubna Dada, Ximeng Qi, Simo Hakala, Anu-Maija Sundström, Yishuo Guo, Antti Lipponen, Tom V. Kokkonen, Jenni Kontkanen, Runlong Cai, Jing Cai, Tommy Chan, Liangduo Chen, Biwu Chu, Chenjuan Deng, Wei Du, Xiaolong Fan, Xu-Cheng He, Juha Kangasluoma, Joni Kujansuu, Mona Kurppa, Chang Li, Yiran Li, Zhuohui Lin, Yiliang Liu, Yuliang Liu, Yiqun Lu, Wei Nie, Jouni Pulliainen, Xiaohui Qiao, Yonghong Wang, Yifan Wen, Ye Wu, Gan Yang, Lei Yao, Rujing Yin, Gen Zhang, Shaojun Zhang, Feixue Zheng, Ying Zhou, Antti Arola, Johanna Tamminen, Pauli Paasonen, Yele Sun, Lin Wang, Neil M. Donahue, Yongchun Liu, Federico Bianchi, Kaspar R. Daellenbach, Douglas R. Worsnop, Veli-Matti Kerminen, Tuukka Petäjä, Aijun Ding, Jingkun Jiang, and Markku Kulmala
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 12207–12220, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12207-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12207-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Atmospheric new particle formation (NPF) is a dominant source of atmospheric ultrafine particles. In urban environments, traffic emissions are a major source of primary pollutants, but their contribution to NPF remains under debate. During the COVID-19 lockdown, traffic emissions were significantly reduced, providing a unique chance to examine their relevance to NPF. Based on our comprehensive measurements, we demonstrate that traffic emissions alone are not able to explain the NPF in Beijing.
Benjamin Foreback, Lubna Dada, Kaspar R. Daellenbach, Chao Yan, Lili Wang, Biwu Chu, Ying Zhou, Tom V. Kokkonen, Mona Kurppa, Rosaria E. Pileci, Yonghong Wang, Tommy Chan, Juha Kangasluoma, Lin Zhuohui, Yishou Guo, Chang Li, Rima Baalbaki, Joni Kujansuu, Xiaolong Fan, Zemin Feng, Pekka Rantala, Shahzad Gani, Federico Bianchi, Veli-Matti Kerminen, Tuukka Petäjä, Markku Kulmala, Yongchun Liu, and Pauli Paasonen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 11089–11104, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11089-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11089-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study analyzed air quality in Beijing during the Chinese New Year over 7 years, including data from a new in-depth measurement station. This is one of few studies to look at long-term impacts, including the outcome of firework restrictions starting in 2018. Results show that firework pollution has gone down since 2016, indicating a positive result from the restrictions. Results of this study may be useful in making future decisions about the use of fireworks to improve air quality.
Wei Ma, Zemin Feng, Junlei Zhan, Yongchun Liu, Pengfei Liu, Chengtang Liu, Qingxin Ma, Kang Yang, Yafei Wang, Hong He, Markku Kulmala, Yujing Mu, and Junfeng Liu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 4841–4851, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4841-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4841-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The influence of photochemical loss of volatile organic compounds (VOCS) on O3 formation is investigated using an observation-based model. The sensitivity regime of ozone formation might be misdiagnosed due to the photochemical loss of VOCs in the atmosphere. The contribution of local photochemistry is underestimated regarding O3 pollution when one does not consider the photochemical loss of VOCs.
Jing Cai, Cheng Wu, Jiandong Wang, Wei Du, Feixue Zheng, Simo Hakala, Xiaolong Fan, Biwu Chu, Lei Yao, Zemin Feng, Yongchun Liu, Yele Sun, Jun Zheng, Chao Yan, Federico Bianchi, Markku Kulmala, Claudia Mohr, and Kaspar R. Daellenbach
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 1251–1269, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1251-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1251-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates the connection between organic aerosol (OA) molecular composition and particle absorptive properties in autumn in Beijing. We find that the molecular properties of OA compounds in different episodes influence particle light absorption properties differently: the light absorption enhancement of black carbon and light absorption coefficient of brown carbon were mostly related to more oxygenated OA (low C number and four O atoms) and aromatics/nitro-aromatics, respectively.
Ying Zhou, Simo Hakala, Chao Yan, Yang Gao, Xiaohong Yao, Biwu Chu, Tommy Chan, Juha Kangasluoma, Shahzad Gani, Jenni Kontkanen, Pauli Paasonen, Yongchun Liu, Tuukka Petäjä, Markku Kulmala, and Lubna Dada
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 17885–17906, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17885-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17885-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We characterized the connection between new particle formation (NPF) events in terms of frequency, intensity and growth at a near-highway location in central Beijing and at a background mountain site 80 km away. Due to the substantial contribution of NPF to the global aerosol budget, identifying the conditions that promote the occurrence of regional NPF events could help understand their contribution on a large scale and would improve their implementation in global models.
Lucía Caudillo, Birte Rörup, Martin Heinritzi, Guillaume Marie, Mario Simon, Andrea C. Wagner, Tatjana Müller, Manuel Granzin, Antonio Amorim, Farnoush Ataei, Rima Baalbaki, Barbara Bertozzi, Zoé Brasseur, Randall Chiu, Biwu Chu, Lubna Dada, Jonathan Duplissy, Henning Finkenzeller, Loïc Gonzalez Carracedo, Xu-Cheng He, Victoria Hofbauer, Weimeng Kong, Houssni Lamkaddam, Chuan P. Lee, Brandon Lopez, Naser G. A. Mahfouz, Vladimir Makhmutov, Hanna E. Manninen, Ruby Marten, Dario Massabò, Roy L. Mauldin, Bernhard Mentler, Ugo Molteni, Antti Onnela, Joschka Pfeifer, Maxim Philippov, Ana A. Piedehierro, Meredith Schervish, Wiebke Scholz, Benjamin Schulze, Jiali Shen, Dominik Stolzenburg, Yuri Stozhkov, Mihnea Surdu, Christian Tauber, Yee Jun Tham, Ping Tian, António Tomé, Steffen Vogt, Mingyi Wang, Dongyu S. Wang, Stefan K. Weber, André Welti, Wang Yonghong, Wu Yusheng, Marcel Zauner-Wieczorek, Urs Baltensperger, Imad El Haddad, Richard C. Flagan, Armin Hansel, Kristina Höhler, Jasper Kirkby, Markku Kulmala, Katrianne Lehtipalo, Ottmar Möhler, Harald Saathoff, Rainer Volkamer, Paul M. Winkler, Neil M. Donahue, Andreas Kürten, and Joachim Curtius
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 17099–17114, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17099-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17099-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We performed experiments in the CLOUD chamber at CERN at low temperatures to simulate new particle formation in the upper free troposphere (at −30 ºC and −50 ºC). We measured the particle and gas phase and found that most of the compounds present in the gas phase are detected as well in the particle phase. The major compounds in the particles are C8–10 and C18–20. Specifically, we showed that C5 and C15 compounds are detected in a mixed system with isoprene and α-pinene at −30 ºC, 20 % RH.
Shuping Zhang, Golam Sarwar, Jia Xing, Biwu Chu, Chaoyang Xue, Arunachalam Sarav, Dian Ding, Haotian Zheng, Yujing Mu, Fengkui Duan, Tao Ma, and Hong He
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 15809–15826, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15809-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15809-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Six heterogeneous HONO chemistry updates in CMAQ significantly improve HONO concentration. HONO production is primarily controlled by the heterogeneous reactions on ground and aerosol surfaces during haze. Additional HONO chemistry updates increase OH and production of secondary aerosols: sulfate, nitrate, and SOA.
Yongchun Liu, Zemin Feng, Feixue Zheng, Xiaolei Bao, Pengfei Liu, Yanli Ge, Yan Zhao, Tao Jiang, Yunwen Liao, Yusheng Zhang, Xiaolong Fan, Chao Yan, Biwu Chu, Yonghong Wang, Wei Du, Jing Cai, Federico Bianchi, Tuukka Petäjä, Yujing Mu, Hong He, and Markku Kulmala
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 13269–13286, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13269-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13269-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The mechanisms and kinetics of particulate sulfate formation in the atmosphere are still open questions although they have been extensively discussed. We found that uptake of SO2 is the rate-determining step for the conversion of SO2 to particulate sulfate. NH4NO3 plays an important role in AWC, the phase state of aerosol particles, and subsequently the uptake kinetics of SO2 under high-RH conditions. This work is a good example of the feedback between aerosol physics and aerosol chemistry.
Zhuohui Lin, Yonghong Wang, Feixue Zheng, Ying Zhou, Yishuo Guo, Zemin Feng, Chang Li, Yusheng Zhang, Simo Hakala, Tommy Chan, Chao Yan, Kaspar R. Daellenbach, Biwu Chu, Lubna Dada, Juha Kangasluoma, Lei Yao, Xiaolong Fan, Wei Du, Jing Cai, Runlong Cai, Tom V. Kokkonen, Putian Zhou, Lili Wang, Tuukka Petäjä, Federico Bianchi, Veli-Matti Kerminen, Yongchun Liu, and Markku Kulmala
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 12173–12187, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-12173-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-12173-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We find that ammonium nitrate and aerosol water content contributed most during low mixing layer height conditions; this may further trigger enhanced formation of sulfate and organic aerosol via heterogeneous reactions. The results of this study contribute towards a more detailed understanding of the aerosol–chemistry–radiation–boundary layer feedback that is likely to be responsible for explosive aerosol mass growth events in urban Beijing.
Xiaolong Fan, Jing Cai, Chao Yan, Jian Zhao, Yishuo Guo, Chang Li, Kaspar R. Dällenbach, Feixue Zheng, Zhuohui Lin, Biwu Chu, Yonghong Wang, Lubna Dada, Qiaozhi Zha, Wei Du, Jenni Kontkanen, Theo Kurtén, Siddhart Iyer, Joni T. Kujansuu, Tuukka Petäjä, Douglas R. Worsnop, Veli-Matti Kerminen, Yongchun Liu, Federico Bianchi, Yee Jun Tham, Lei Yao, and Markku Kulmala
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 11437–11452, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11437-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11437-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We observed significant concentrations of gaseous HBr and HCl throughout the winter and springtime in urban Beijing, China. Our results indicate that gaseous HCl and HBr are most likely originated from anthropogenic emissions such as burning activities, and the gas–aerosol partitioning may play a crucial role in contributing to the gaseous HCl and HBr. These observations suggest that there is an important recycling pathway of halogen species in inland megacities.
Yishuo Guo, Chao Yan, Chang Li, Wei Ma, Zemin Feng, Ying Zhou, Zhuohui Lin, Lubna Dada, Dominik Stolzenburg, Rujing Yin, Jenni Kontkanen, Kaspar R. Daellenbach, Juha Kangasluoma, Lei Yao, Biwu Chu, Yonghong Wang, Runlong Cai, Federico Bianchi, Yongchun Liu, and Markku Kulmala
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 5499–5511, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5499-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5499-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Fog, cloud and haze are very common natural phenomena. Sulfuric acid (SA) is one of the key compounds forming those suspended particles, technically called aerosols, through gas-to-particle conversion. Therefore, the concentration level, source and sink of SA is very important. Our results show that ozonolysis of alkenes plays a major role in nighttime SA formation under unpolluted conditions in urban Beijing, and nighttime cluster mode particles are probably driven by SA in urban environments.
Di Liu, Wanqi Sun, Ning Zeng, Pengfei Han, Bo Yao, Zhiqiang Liu, Pucai Wang, Ke Zheng, Han Mei, and Qixiang Cai
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 4599–4614, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-4599-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-4599-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
It is difficult to directly observe the COVID-19 signals in CO2 due to the strong weather induced variations. Here, we determined the on-road CO2 concentration declines in Beijing using mobile observatory data before (BC), during (DC) and after COVID-19 (AC). We chose trips with the most similar weather and calculated the enhancement, the difference between on-road and the city “background”. We showed a clear on-road CO2 decrease in DC, which is consistent with the emissions reductions in DC.
Tianzeng Chen, Jun Liu, Qingxin Ma, Biwu Chu, Peng Zhang, Jinzhu Ma, Yongchun Liu, Cheng Zhong, Pengfei Liu, Yafei Wang, Yujing Mu, and Hong He
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 1341–1356, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-1341-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-1341-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Effects of photochemical aging on the formation and evolution of summertime secondary aerosol were systematically investigated in a suburb of Beijing. Higher PM1 concentration accompanied longer photochemical age (ta). Sulfate and more-oxidized OOA formation were significantly sensitive to the increase in ta, and their contributions were greatly enhanced at elevated ta levels. Our results suggested that photochemical aging process played a crucial role in PM1 and O3 pollution in summertime.
Yongchun Liu, Yusheng Zhang, Chaofan Lian, Chao Yan, Zeming Feng, Feixue Zheng, Xiaolong Fan, Yan Chen, Weigang Wang, Biwu Chu, Yonghong Wang, Jing Cai, Wei Du, Kaspar R. Daellenbach, Juha Kangasluoma, Federico Bianchi, Joni Kujansuu, Tuukka Petäjä, Xuefei Wang, Bo Hu, Yuesi Wang, Maofa Ge, Hong He, and Markku Kulmala
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 13023–13040, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-13023-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-13023-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding of the chemical and physical processes leading to atmospheric aerosol particle formation is crucial to devising effective mitigation strategies to protect the public and reduce uncertainties in climate predictions. We found that the photolysis of nitrous acid could promote the formation of organic and nitrate aerosol and that traffic-related emission is a major contributor to ambient nitrous acid on haze days in wintertime in Beijing.
Jing Cai, Biwu Chu, Lei Yao, Chao Yan, Liine M. Heikkinen, Feixue Zheng, Chang Li, Xiaolong Fan, Shaojun Zhang, Daoyuan Yang, Yonghong Wang, Tom V. Kokkonen, Tommy Chan, Ying Zhou, Lubna Dada, Yongchun Liu, Hong He, Pauli Paasonen, Joni T. Kujansuu, Tuukka Petäjä, Claudia Mohr, Juha Kangasluoma, Federico Bianchi, Yele Sun, Philip L. Croteau, Douglas R. Worsnop, Veli-Matti Kerminen, Wei Du, Markku Kulmala, and Kaspar R. Daellenbach
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 12721–12740, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-12721-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-12721-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
By applying both OA PMF and size PMF at the same urban measurement site in Beijing, similar particle source types, including vehicular emissions, cooking emissions and secondary formation-related sources, were resolved by both frameworks and agreed well. It is also found that in the absence of new particle formation, vehicular and cooking emissions dominate the particle number concentration, while secondary particulate matter governed PM2.5 mass during spring and summer in Beijing.
Lubna Dada, Ilona Ylivinkka, Rima Baalbaki, Chang Li, Yishuo Guo, Chao Yan, Lei Yao, Nina Sarnela, Tuija Jokinen, Kaspar R. Daellenbach, Rujing Yin, Chenjuan Deng, Biwu Chu, Tuomo Nieminen, Yonghong Wang, Zhuohui Lin, Roseline C. Thakur, Jenni Kontkanen, Dominik Stolzenburg, Mikko Sipilä, Tareq Hussein, Pauli Paasonen, Federico Bianchi, Imre Salma, Tamás Weidinger, Michael Pikridas, Jean Sciare, Jingkun Jiang, Yongchun Liu, Tuukka Petäjä, Veli-Matti Kerminen, and Markku Kulmala
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 11747–11766, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-11747-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-11747-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We rely on sulfuric acid measurements in four contrasting environments, Hyytiälä, Finland; Agia Marina, Cyprus; Budapest, Hungary; and Beijing, China, representing semi-pristine boreal forest, rural environment in the Mediterranean area, urban environment, and heavily polluted megacity, respectively, in order to define the sources and sinks of sulfuric acid in these environments and to derive a new sulfuric acid proxy to be utilized in locations and during periods when it is not measured.
Cited articles
Arey, J., Winer, A. M., Atkinson, R., Aschmann, S. M., Long, W. D., and Morrison, C. L.:
The Emission of (Z)-3-Hexen-1-Ol, (Z)-3-Hexenylacetate and Other Oxygenated Hydrocarbons from Agricultural Plant-Species,
Atmos. Environ. A-Gen.,
25, 1063–1075, https://doi.org/10.1016/0960-1686(91)90148-Z, 1991.
Bernard, F., Eyglunent, G., Daele, V., and Mellouki, A.:
Kinetics and products of gas-phase reactions of ozone with methyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, and ethyl acrylate,
J. Phys. Chem. A,
114, 8376–8383, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp104451v, 2010.
Bianchi, F., Kurten, T., Riva, M., Mohr, C., Rissanen, M. P., Roldin, P., Berndt, T., Crounse, J. D., Wennberg, P. O., Mentel, T. F., Wildt, J., Junninen, H., Jokinen, T., Kulmala, M., Worsnop, D. R., Thornton, J. A., Donahue, N., Kjaergaard, H. G., and Ehn, M.:
Highly Oxygenated Organic Molecules (HOM) from Gas-Phase Autoxidation Involving Peroxy Radicals: A Key Contributor to Atmospheric Aerosol,
Chem. Rev.,
119, 3472–3509, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00395, 2019.
Blanco, M. B., Bejan, I., Barnes, I., Wiesen, P., and Teruel, M. A.:
FTIR product distribution study of the Cl and OH initiated degradation of methyl acrylate at atmospheric pressure,
Environ. Sci. Technol.,
44, 7031–7036, https://doi.org/10.1021/es101831r, 2010.
Blanco, M. B., Bejan, I., Barnes, I., Wiesen, P., and Teruel, M. A.:
Products and mechanism of the reactions of OH radicals and Cl atoms with methyl methacrylate (CH2=C(CH3)C(O)OCH3) in the presence of NOx,
Environ. Sci. Technol.,
48, 1692–1699, https://doi.org/10.1021/es404771d, 2014.
Chen, Q., Liu, Y., Donahue, N. M., Shilling, J. E., and Martin, S. T.:
Particle-phase chemistry of secondary organic material: modeled compared to measured O:C and H:C elemental ratios provide constraints,
Environ. Sci. Technol.,
45, 4763–4770, https://doi.org/10.1021/es104398s, 2011.
Chen, T., Liu, Y., Ma, Q., Chu, B., Zhang, P., Liu, C., Liu, J., and He, H.: Significant source of secondary aerosol: formation from gasoline evaporative emissions in the presence of SO2 and NH3, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 8063–8081, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-8063-2019, 2019.
Chen, T. Z., Liu, Y. C., Liu, C. G., Liu, J., Chu, B. W., and He, H.:
Important role of aromatic hydrocarbons in SOA formation from unburned gasoline vapor,
Atmos. Environ.,
201, 101–109, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.01.001, 2019.
Chen, Y., Xu, L., Humphry, T., Hettiyadura, A. P. S., Ovadnevaite, J., Huang, S., Poulain, L., Schroder, J. C., Campuzano-Jost, P., Jimenez, J. L., Herrmann, H., O'Dowd, C., Stone, E. A., and Ng, N. L.:
Response of the Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer to Inorganic Sulfates and Organosulfur Compounds: Applications in Field and Laboratory Measurements,
Environ. Sci. Technol.,
53, 5176–5186, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b00884, 2019.
Chu, B., Zhang, X., Liu, Y., He, H., Sun, Y., Jiang, J., Li, J., and Hao, J.: Synergetic formation of secondary inorganic and organic aerosol: effect of SO2 and NH3 on particle formation and growth, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 14219–14230, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-14219-2016, 2016.
Colomer, J. P., Blanco, M. B., Penenory, A. B., Barnes, I., Wiesen, P., and Teruel, M. A.:
FTIR gas-phase kinetic study on the reactions of OH radicals and Cl atoms with unsaturated esters: Methyl-3,3-dimethyl acrylate, (E)-ethyl tiglate and methyl-3-butenoate,
Atmos. Environ.,
79, 546–552, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.07.009, 2013.
Crounse, J. D., Nielsen, L. B., Jorgensen, S., Kjaergaard, H. G., and Wennberg, P. O.:
Autoxidation of Organic Compounds in the Atmosphere,
J. Phys. Chem. Lett.,
4, 3513–3520, https://doi.org/10.1021/jz4019207, 2013.
Darer, A. I., Cole-Filipiak, N. C., O'Connor, A. E., and Elrod, M. J.:
Formation and stability of atmospherically relevant isoprene-derived organosulfates and organonitrates,
Environ. Sci. Technol.,
45, 1895–1902, https://doi.org/10.1021/es103797z, 2011.
Drewnick, F., Hings, S. S., DeCarlo, P., Jayne, J. T., Gonin, M., Fuhrer, K., Weimer, S., Jimenez, J. L., Demerjian, K. L., Borrmann, S., and Worsnop, D. R.:
A new time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (TOF-AMS) – Instrument description and first field deployment,
Aerosol Sci. Tech.,
39, 637–658, https://doi.org/10.1080/02786820500182040, 2005.
Foreman, E. S., Kapnas, K. M., and Murray, C.:
Reactions between Criegee Intermediates and the Inorganic Acids HCl and HNO3: Kinetics and Atmospheric Implications,
Angew. Chem. Int. Edit.,
55, 10419–10422, https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201604662, 2016.
Friedman, B., Brophy, P., Brune, W. H., and Farmer, D. K.:
Anthropogenic Sulfur perturbations on biogenic oxidation: SO2 additions impact gas-phase oh oxidation products of α- and β-pinene,
Environ. Sci. Technol.,
50, 1269–1279, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b05010, 2016.
Gordon, T. D., Presto, A. A., May, A. A., Nguyen, N. T., Lipsky, E. M., Donahue, N. M., Gutierrez, A., Zhang, M., Maddox, C., Rieger, P., Chattopadhyay, S., Maldonado, H., Maricq, M. M., and Robinson, A. L.: Secondary organic aerosol formation exceeds primary particulate matter emissions for light-duty gasoline vehicles, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 4661–4678, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-4661-2014, 2014.
Hamilton, J. F., Lewis, A. C., Carey, T. J., Wenger, J. C., Borrás i Garcia, E., and Muñoz, A.: Reactive oxidation products promote secondary organic aerosol formation from green leaf volatiles, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 3815–3823, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-3815-2009, 2009.
Han, Y., Stroud, C. A., Liggio, J., and Li, S.-M.: The effect of particle acidity on secondary organic aerosol formation from α-pinene photooxidation under atmospherically relevant conditions, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 13929–13944, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-13929-2016, 2016.
Harvey, R. M., Bateman, A. P., Jain, S., Li, Y. J., Martin, S., and Petrucci, G. A.:
Optical Properties of Secondary Organic Aerosol from cis-3-Hexenol and cis-3-Hexenyl Acetate: Effect of Chemical Composition, Humidity, and Phase,
Environ. Sci. Technol.,
50, 4997–5006, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b00625, 2016.
Hennigan, C. J., Izumi, J., Sullivan, A. P., Weber, R. J., and Nenes, A.: A critical evaluation of proxy methods used to estimate the acidity of atmospheric particles, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 2775–2790, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-2775-2015, 2015.
Henriks-Eckerman, M. L. and Korva, M.:
Exposure to airborne methacrylates in nail salons,
J. Occup. Environ. Hyg.,
9, D146–D150, https://doi.org/10.1080/15459624.2012.696023, 2012.
Iinuma, Y., Boge, O., Gnauk, T., and Herrmann, H.:
Aerosol-chamber study of the α-pinene/O3 reaction: influence of particle acidity on aerosol yields and products,
Atmos. Environ.,
38, 761–773, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2003.10.015, 2004.
Jain, S., Zahardis, J., and Petrucci, G. A.:
Soft ionization chemical analysis of secondary organic aerosol from green leaf volatiles emitted by turf grass,
Environ. Sci. Technol.,
48, 4835–4843, https://doi.org/10.1021/es405355d, 2014.
Jokinen, T., Sipila, M., Richters, S., Kerminen, V. M., Paasonen, P., Stratmann, F., Worsnop, D., Kulmala, M., Ehn, M., Herrmann, H., and Berndt, T.:
Rapid autoxidation forms highly oxidized RO2 radicals in the atmosphere,
Angew. Chem. Int. Edit.,
53, 14596–14600, https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201408566, 2014.
Konig, G., Brunda, M., Puxbaum, H., Hewitt, C. N., Duckham, S. C., and Rudolph, J.:
Relative contribution of oxygenated hydrocarbons to the total biogenic voc emissions of selected mid-european agricultural and natural plant-species,
Atmos. Environ.,
29, 861–874, https://doi.org/10.1016/1352-2310(95)00026-U, 1995.
Kristensen, K., Cui, T., Zhang, H., Gold, A., Glasius, M., and Surratt, J. D.: Dimers in α-pinene secondary organic aerosol: effect of hydroxyl radical, ozone, relative humidity and aerosol acidity, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 4201–4218, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-4201-2014, 2014.
Kurten, T., Rissanen, M. P., Mackeprang, K., Thornton, J. A., Hyttinen, N., Jorgensen, S., Ehn, M., and Kjaergaard, H. G.:
Computational study of hydrogen shifts and ring-opening mechanisms in alpha-pinene ozonolysis products,
J. Phys. Chem. A,
119, 11366–11375, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpca.5b08948, 2015.
Lambe, A. T., Onasch, T. B., Massoli, P., Croasdale, D. R., Wright, J. P., Ahern, A. T., Williams, L. R., Worsnop, D. R., Brune, W. H., and Davidovits, P.: Laboratory studies of the chemical composition and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activity of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and oxidized primary organic aerosol (OPOA), Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 8913–8928, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-8913-2011, 2011.
Lambe, A. T., Onasch, T. B., Croasdale, D. R., Wright, J. P., Martin, A. T., Franklin, J. P., Massoli, P., Kroll, J. H., Canagaratna, M. R., Brune, W. H., Worsnop, D. R., and Davidovits, P.:
Transitions from functionalization to fragmentation reactions of laboratory secondary organic aerosol (SOA) generated from the OH oxidation of alkane precursors,
Environ. Sci. Technol.,
46, 5430–5437, https://doi.org/10.1021/es300274t, 2012.
Li, K., Liggio, J., Lee, P., Han, C., Liu, Q., and Li, S.-M.: Secondary organic aerosol formation from α-pinene, alkanes, and oil-sands-related precursors in a new oxidation flow reactor, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 9715–9731, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-9715-2019, 2019.
Lin, Y. H., Zhang, Z. F., Docherty, K. S., Zhang, H. F., Budisulistiorini, S. H., Rubitschun, C. L., Shaw, S. L., Knipping, E. M., Edgerton, E. S., Kleindienst, T. E., Gold, A., and Surratt, J. D.:
Isoprene epoxydiols as precursors to secondary organic aerosol formation: acid-catalyzed reactive uptake studies with authentic compounds,
Environ. Sci. Technol.,
46, 250–258, https://doi.org/10.1021/es202554c, 2012.
Lin, Y.-H., Knipping, E. M., Edgerton, E. S., Shaw, S. L., and Surratt, J. D.: Investigating the influences of SO2 and NH3 levels on isoprene-derived secondary organic aerosol formation using conditional sampling approaches, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 8457–8470, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-8457-2013, 2013.
Liu, C., Chen, T., Liu, Y., Liu, J., He, H., and Zhang, P.: Enhancement of secondary organic aerosol formation and its oxidation state by SO2 during photooxidation of 2-methoxyphenol, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 2687–2700, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-2687-2019, 2019a.
Liu, C., Liu, Y., Chen, T., Liu, J., and He, H.: Rate constant and secondary organic aerosol formation from the gas-phase reaction of eugenol with hydroxyl radicals, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 2001–2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-2001-2019, 2019b.
Liu, S., Jia, L., Xu, Y., Tsona, N. T., Ge, S., and Du, L.: Photooxidation of cyclohexene in the presence of SO2: SOA yield and chemical composition, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 13329–13343, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-13329-2017, 2017.
Mackenzie-Rae, F. A., Wallis, H. J., Rickard, A. R., Pereira, K. L., Saunders, S. M., Wang, X., and Hamilton, J. F.: Ozonolysis of α-phellandrene – Part 2: Compositional analysis of secondary organic aerosol highlights the role of stabilised Criegee intermediates, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 4673–4693, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-4673-2018, 2018.
McFiggans, G., Mentel, T. F., Wildt, J., Pullinen, I., Kang, S., Kleist, E., Schmitt, S., Springer, M., Tillmann, R., Wu, C., Zhao, D., Hallquist, M., Faxon, C., Le Breton, M., Hallquist, A. M., Simpson, D., Bergstrom, R., Jenkin, M. E., Ehn, M., Thornton, J. A., Alfarra, M. R., Bannan, T. J., Percival, C. J., Priestley, M., Topping, D., and Kiendler-Scharr, A.:
Secondary organic aerosol reduced by mixture of atmospheric vapours,
Nature,
565, 587–593, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0871-y, 2019.
Newland, M. J., Rickard, A. R., Alam, M. S., Vereecken, L., Munoz, A., Rodenas, M., and Bloss, W. J.:
Kinetics of stabilised Criegee intermediates derived from alkene ozonolysis: reactions with SO2, H2O and decomposition under boundary layer conditions,
Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.,
17, 4076–4088, https://doi.org/10.1039/c4cp04186k, 2015a.
Newland, M. J., Rickard, A. R., Vereecken, L., Muñoz, A., Ródenas, M., and Bloss, W. J.: Atmospheric isoprene ozonolysis: impacts of stabilised Criegee intermediate reactions with SO2, H2O and dimethyl sulfide, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 9521–9536, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9521-2015, 2015b.
Newland, M. J., Rickard, A. R., Sherwen, T., Evans, M. J., Vereecken, L., Muñoz, A., Ródenas, M., and Bloss, W. J.: The atmospheric impacts of monoterpene ozonolysis on global stabilised Criegee intermediate budgets and SO2 oxidation: experiment, theory and modelling, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 6095–6120, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-6095-2018, 2018.
Ng, N. L., Canagaratna, M. R., Jimenez, J. L., Chhabra, P. S., Seinfeld, J. H., and Worsnop, D. R.: Changes in organic aerosol composition with aging inferred from aerosol mass spectra, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 6465–6474, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-6465-2011, 2011.
Offenberg, J. H., Lewandowski, M., Edney, E. O., Kleindienst, T. E., and Jaoui, M.:
Influence of aerosol acidity on the formation of secondary organic aerosol from biogenic precursor hydrocarbons,
Environ. Sci. Technol.,
43, 7742–7747, https://doi.org/10.1021/es901538e, 2009.
Pankow, J. F., Luo, W. T., Bender, D. A., Isabelle, L. M., Hollingsworth, J. S., Chen, C., Asher, W. E., and Zogorski, J. S.:
Concentrations and co-occurrence correlations of 88 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the ambient air of 13 semi-rural to urban locations in the United States,
Atmos. Environ.,
37, 5023–5046, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2003.08.006, 2003.
Peng, X., Vasilakos, P., Nenes, A., Shi, G., Qian, Y., Shi, X., Xiao, Z., Chen, K., Feng, Y., and Russell, A. G.:
Detailed analysis of estimated ph, activity coefficients, and ion concentrations between the three aerosol thermodynamic models,
Environ. Sci. Technol.,
53, 8903–8913, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b00181, 2019.
Ren, Y. G., Cai, M., Daele, V., and Mellouki, A.:
Rate coefficients for the reactions of OH radical and ozone with a series of unsaturated esters,
Atmos. Environ.,
200, 243–253, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.12.017, 2019.
Riva, M., Bell, D. M., Hansen, A. M., Drozd, G. T., Zhang, Z., Gold, A., Imre, D., Surratt, J. D., Glasius, M., and Zelenyuk, A.:
Effect of organic coatings, humidity and aerosol acidity on multiphase chemistry of isoprene epoxydiols,
Environ. Sci. Technol.,
50, 5580–5588, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b06050, 2016.
Rivela, C. B., Blanco, M. B., and Teruel, M. A.:
Atmospheric degradation of industrial fluorinated acrylates and methacrylates with Cl atoms at atmospheric pressure and 298 K,
Atmos. Environ.,
178, 206–213, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.01.055, 2018.
Rodigast, M., Mutzel, A., and Herrmann, H.: A quantification method for heat-decomposable methylglyoxal oligomers and its application on 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene SOA, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 3929–3943, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-3929-2017, 2017.
Sadezky, A., Chaimbault, P., Mellouki, A., Römpp, A., Winterhalter, R., Le Bras, G., and Moortgat, G. K.: Formation of secondary organic aerosol and oligomers from the ozonolysis of enol ethers, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 5009–5024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-5009-2006, 2006.
Sadezky, A., Winterhalter, R., Kanawati, B., Römpp, A., Spengler, B., Mellouki, A., Le Bras, G., Chaimbault, P., and Moortgat, G. K.: Oligomer formation during gas-phase ozonolysis of small alkenes and enol ethers: new evidence for the central role of the Criegee Intermediate as oligomer chain unit, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 2667–2699, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-2667-2008, 2008.
Salgado, M. S., Gallego-Iniesta, M. P., Martin, M. P., Tapia, A., and Cabanas, B.:
Night-time atmospheric chemistry of methacrylates,
Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int.,
18, 940–948, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-011-0448-x, 2011.
Shu, Y. J., Ji, J., Xu, Y., Deng, J. G., Huang, H. B., He, M., Leung, D. Y. C., Wu, M. Y., Liu, S. W., Liu, S. L., Liu, G. Y., Xie, R. J., Feng, Q. Y., Zhan, Y. J., Fang, R. M., and Ye, X. G.:
Promotional role of Mn doping on catalytic oxidation of VOCs over mesoporous TiO2 under vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) irradiation,
Appl. Catal. B-Environ.,
220, 78–87, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2017.08.019, 2018.
Sun, Y., Zhang, Q., Hu, J., Chen, J., and Wang, W.:
Theoretical study for OH radical-initiated atmospheric oxidation of ethyl acrylate,
Chemosphere,
119, 626–633, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.07.056, 2015.
Surratt, J. D., Chan, A. W., Eddingsaas, N. C., Chan, M., Loza, C. L., Kwan, A. J., Hersey, S. P., Flagan, R. C., Wennberg, P. O., and Seinfeld, J. H.:
Reactive intermediates revealed in secondary organic aerosol formation from isoprene,
P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA.,
107, 6640–6645, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0911114107, 2010.
Taccone, R. A., Moreno, A., Colmenar, I., Salgado, S., Martin, M. P., and Cabanas, B.:
Kinetic study of the OH, NO3 radicals and Cl atom initiated atmospheric photo-oxidation of Iso-propenyl methyl ether,
Atmos. Environ.,
127, 80–89, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.12.033, 2016.
Teruel, M. A., Lopez, R. S. P., Barnes, I., and Blanco, M. B.:
Night-time atmospheric degradation of a series of butyl methacrylates,
Chem. Phys. Lett.,
664, 205–212, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2016.09.040, 2016.
Ulbrich, I. M., Canagaratna, M. R., Zhang, Q., Worsnop, D. R., and Jimenez, J. L.: Interpretation of organic components from Positive Matrix Factorization of aerosol mass spectrometric data, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 2891–2918, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-2891-2009, 2009.
Vereecken, L. and Francisco, J. S.:
Theoretical studies of atmospheric reaction mechanisms in the troposphere,
Chem. Soc. Rev.,
41, 6259–6293, https://doi.org/10.1039/c2cs35070j, 2012.
Wang, K., Ge, M. F., and Wang, W. G.:
Kinetics of the gas-phase reactions of NO3 radicals with ethyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate and ethyl methacrylate,
Atmos. Environ.,
44, 1847–1850, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.02.039, 2010.
Wong, J. P., Lee, A. K., and Abbatt, J. P.:
Impacts of sulfate seed acidity and water content on isoprene secondary organic aerosol formation,
Environ. Sci. Technol.,
49, 13215–13221, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b02686, 2015.
Zhang, P., Chen, T., Liu, J., Liu, C., Ma, J., Ma, Q., Chu, B., and He, H.:
Impacts of SO2, Relative humidity, and seed acidity on secondary organic aerosol formation in the ozonolysis of butyl vinyl ether,
Environ. Sci. Technol.,
53, 8845–8853, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b02702, 2019.
Zhang, P., Chen, T., Liu, J., Chu, B., Ma, Q., Ma, J., and He, H.:
Impacts of mixed gaseous and particulate pollutants on secondary particle formation during ozonolysis of butyl vinyl ether,
Environ. Sci. Technol.,
54, 3909–3919, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b07650, 2020.
Zhang, Q., Alfarra, M. R., Worsnop, D. R., Allan, J. D., Coe, H., Canagaratna, M. R., and Jimenez, J. L.:
Deconvolution and quantification of hydrocarbon-like and oxygenated organic aerosols based on aerosol mass spectrometry,
Environ. Sci. Technol.,
39, 4938–4952, https://doi.org/10.1021/es048568l, 2005.
Zhang, X., Cappa, C. D., Jathar, S. H., McVay, R. C., Ensberg, J. J., Kleeman, M. J., and Seinfeld, J. H.:
Influence of vapor wall loss in laboratory chambers on yields of secondary organic aerosol,
P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA,
111, 5802–5807, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1404727111, 2014.
Zhao, D., Schmitt, S. H., Wang, M., Acir, I.-H., Tillmann, R., Tan, Z., Novelli, A., Fuchs, H., Pullinen, I., Wegener, R., Rohrer, F., Wildt, J., Kiendler-Scharr, A., Wahner, A., and Mentel, T. F.: Effects of NOx and SO2 on the secondary organic aerosol formation from photooxidation of α-pinene and limonene, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 1611–1628, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-1611-2018, 2018.
Zhao, Y., Wingen, L. M., Perraud, V., Greaves, J., and Finlayson-Pitts, B. J.:
Role of the reaction of stabilized Criegee intermediates with peroxy radicals in particle formation and growth in air,
Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.,
17, 12500–12514, https://doi.org/10.1039/c5cp01171j, 2015.
Short summary
This work highlights the opposing effects of primary and secondary H2SO4 on both secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation and constitutes. Our findings revealed that a substantial increase in secondary H2SO4 particles promoted the SOA formation of ethyl methacrylate with increasing SO2 in the absence of seed particles. However, increased primary H2SO4 with seed acidity enhanced ethyl methacrylate uptake but reduced its SOA formation in the presence of seed particles.
This work highlights the opposing effects of primary and secondary H2SO4 on both secondary...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint