Articles | Volume 21, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2959-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2959-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
26 Feb 2021
Research article |
| 26 Feb 2021
| 26 Feb 2021
Organosulfates in atmospheric aerosols in Shanghai, China: seasonal and interannual variability, origin, and formation mechanisms
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong
University, Shanghai 200240, China
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong
University, Shanghai 200240, China
Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security,
Shanghai 200092, China
Yuchen Wang
Division of Environment & Sustainability, Hong Kong University of
Science & Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
Jian-Zhen Yu
Division of Environment & Sustainability, Hong Kong University of
Science & Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science &
Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
Jingyuan Shao
College of Flight Technology, Civil Aviation University of China,
Tianjin 300300, China
Ping Liu
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong
University, Shanghai 200240, China
Wenfei Zhu
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong
University, Shanghai 200240, China
Zhen Cheng
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong
University, Shanghai 200240, China
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong
University, Shanghai 200240, China
Naiqiang Yan
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong
University, Shanghai 200240, China
Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security,
Shanghai 200092, China
Huayun Xiao
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong
University, Shanghai 200240, China
Related authors
No articles found.
Xu Yu, Min Zhou, Shuhui Zhu, Liping Qiao, Jinjian Li, Yingge Ma, Zijing Zhang, Kezheng Liao, Hongli Wang, and Jian Zhen Yu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 9061–9074, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-9061-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-9061-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Online measurements of bulk aerosol organic nitrogen (ON), in conjunction with a comprehensive array of source markers, have revealed five emission sources and five potentially significant formation processes of nitrogenous organic aerosols. This study provides a first quantitative source analysis of ON aerosol and valuable observational evidence of secondary ON aerosol formation through NH3 and NOx chemistries.
Xueying Liu, Yeqi Huang, Yao Chen, Xin Feng, Yang Xu, Yi Chen, Dasa Gu, Hao Sun, Zhi Ning, Jianzhen Yu, Wing Sze Chow, Changqing Lin, Yan Xiang, Tianshu Zhang, Claire Granier, Guy Brasseur, Zhe Wang, and Jimmy C. H. Fung
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3227, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3227, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) affect ozone formation and air quality. However, our understanding is limited due to insufficient measurements, especially for oxygenated VOCs. This study combines land, ship, and satellite data in Hong Kong, showing that oxygenated VOCs make up a significant portion of total VOCs. Despite their importance, many are underestimated in current models. These findings highlight the need to improve VOC representation in models to enhance air quality management.
Ren-Guo Zhu, Hua-Yun Xiao, Meiju Yin, Hao Xiao, Zhongkui Zhou, Yuanyuan Pan, Guo Wei, and Cheng Liu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 7699–7718, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-7699-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-7699-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The concentrations and δ15N isotopic values of CAAs (combined amino acids) in surface soil and plants from the Gobi Desert, as well as in PM2.5 samples from four cities in Northern China, were measured. CAAs transported by Gobi dust were rich in alanine, glycine and glutamic acid. Glycine and leucine in Gobi Desert sources exhibited δ15N depletion by more than 6 ‰ compared to their values in urban PM2.5. Substantial protein-N deposition can be transported by the Gobi Desert to northern China over brief periods.
Pan Wang, Yue Zhao, Jiandong Wang, Veli-Matti Kerminen, Jingkun Jiang, and Chenxi Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 7431–7446, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-7431-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-7431-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a numerical model to investigate the evolution of the charge state of newly formed atmospheric particles. Based on the simulation results, we successfully employed neural networks to predict particle charge states and estimate ion-induced nucleation rates. This study provides new insights into the dynamics of particle charging and introduces advanced methods for evaluating ion-induced nucleation in atmospheric research.
Yu Xu, Yi-Jia Ma, Ting Yang, Qi-Bin Sun, Yu-Chen Wang, Lin Gui, Hong-Wei Xiao, Hao Xiao, and Hua-Yun Xiao
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2409, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2409, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
This study represents the inaugural instance of simultaneous comprehensive characterization of organosulfates and nitrogen-containing organic compounds (detected in both ESI+ and ESI- modes) in PM2.5 in tropical marine areas with minimal anthropogenic pollution. The overall results provide the observation-based molecular evidence that marine emissions may play a significant role in the formation of aromatic and aliphatic organic sulfur and nitrogen aerosols in the South China Sea.
Donger Lai, Yanxin Bai, Zijing Zhang, Pui-Kin So, Yong Jie Li, Ying-Lung Steve Tse, Ying-Yeung Yeung, Thomas Schaefer, Hartmut Herrmann, Jian Zhen Yu, Yuchen Wang, and Man Nin Chan
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2743, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2743, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Aqueous-phase •OH oxidation can potentially act as an important atmospheric sink for α-pinene-derived organosulfates (OSs). Such oxidation can also generate a variety of new OS products, and can be as a potential source for some atmospheric OSs with previously unknown origins.
Shubin Li, Yujue Wang, Yiwen Zhang, Yizhe Yi, Yuchen Wang, Yuqi Guo, Chao Yu, Yue Jiang, Jinhui Shi, Chao Zhang, Jialei Zhu, Wei Hu, Jianzhen Yu, Xiaohong Yao, Huiwang Gao, and Min Hu
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2154, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2154, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Organosulfates (OSs) are an unrecognized and potentially important component in marine organic aerosols. In this study, we quantified and characterized the OSs over East Asian marginal seas. The chemical nature and spatiotemporal distribution of OSs were modified by the joint influence of marine emissions and transported terrestrial pollutants. The results highlight the vital roles of OSs in shaping organic aerosol formation and sulfur cycle during summer in marine boundary layer.
Huilin Hu, Yunyi Liang, Ting Li, Yongliang She, Yao Wang, Ting Yang, Min Zhou, Ziyue Li, Chenxi Li, Huayun Xiao, Jianlin Hu, Jingyi Li, and Yue Zhao
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1909, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1909, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Isoprene-derived secondary organic aerosol (iSOA) is a major type of biogenic SOA in the atmosphere, yet its response to long-term anthropogenic emission reductions remains poorly understood. Here, combing field observations and model simulations, we characterized the abundance, trend, and underlying drivers of iSOA in Shanghai, China during 2015–2021, which will advance our understandings of the formation and impacts of biogenic SOA under rapidly evolving emission scenarios in urban regions.
Ting Yang, Yu Xu, Yu-Chen Wang, Yi-Jia Ma, Hong-Wei Xiao, Hao Xiao, and Hua-Yun Xiao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 2967–2978, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2967-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2967-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Previous measurement–model comparisons of atmospheric isoprene levels showed a significant unidentified source of isoprene in some northern Chinese cities during winter. Here, the first combination of large-scale observations and field combustion experiments provides novel insights into biomass burning emissions as a significant source of isoprene-derived organosulfates during winter in northern cities of China.
Yi-Jia Ma, Yu Xu, Ting Yang, Lin Gui, Hong-Wei Xiao, Hao Xiao, and Hua-Yun Xiao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 2763–2780, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2763-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2763-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The abundance, potential precursors, and main formation mechanisms of nitrogen-containing organic compounds (NOCs) in PM2.5 during winter were compared among cities with different energy consumption patterns. The aerosol NOC pollution during winter in China is closely associated with the intensity of precursor emissions and the aqueous-phase processes. Our results highlight the importance of emission reduction strategies in controlling aerosol NOCs pollution during winter in China.
Wei Guo, Zicong Li, Renguo Zhu, Zhongkui Zhou, Hongwei Xiao, and Huayun Xiao
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3793, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3793, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Through a comprehensive year-long analysis of major polar organic compounds in PM2.5, we elucidate the complex composition and sources of organic aerosols (OAs) within the urban environment of Nanchang, China. Given the significant health and environmental impacts of PM2.5, our research provides critical insights into the contributions of primary emissions and secondary formation processes to urban OA, and confirm the sources and the influencing factors of OA during pollution episodes.
Han Zang, Zekun Luo, Chenxi Li, Ziyue Li, Dandan Huang, and Yue Zhao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 11701–11716, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11701-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11701-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Atmospheric organics are subject to synergistic oxidation by different oxidants, yet the mechanisms of such processes are poorly understood. Here, using direct measurements and kinetic modeling, we probe the nocturnal synergistic-oxidation mechanism of α-pinene by O3 and NO3 radicals and in particular the fate of peroxy radical intermediates of different origins, which will deepen our understanding of the monoterpene oxidation chemistry and its contribution to atmospheric particle formation.
Liyuan Zhou, Qianyun Liu, Christian M. Salvador, Michael Le Breton, Mattias Hallquist, Jian Zhen Yu, Chak K. Chan, and Åsa M. Hallquist
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 11045–11061, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11045-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11045-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our research on city bus emissions reveals that alternative fuels (compressed natural gas and biofuels) reduce fresh particle emissions compared to diesel. However, all fuels lead to secondary air pollution. Aiming at guiding better environmental policies, we studied 76 buses using advanced emission measurement techniques. This work sheds light on the complex effects of bus fuels on urban air quality, emphasizing the need for comprehensive evaluations of future transportation technologies.
Yu Xu, Tang Liu, Yi-Jia Ma, Qi-Bin Sun, Hong-Wei Xiao, Hao Xiao, Hua-Yun Xiao, and Cong-Qiang Liu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 10531–10542, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10531-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10531-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates the characteristics of aminiums and ammonium in PM2.5 on clean and polluted winter days in 11 Chinese cities, highlighting the possibility of the competitive uptake of ammonia versus amines on acidic aerosols or the displacement of aminiums by ammonia under high-ammonia conditions. The overall results deepen the understanding of the spatiotemporal differences in aminium characteristics and formation in China.
Tianle Pan, Andrew T. Lambe, Weiwei Hu, Yicong He, Minghao Hu, Huaishan Zhou, Xinming Wang, Qingqing Hu, Hui Chen, Yue Zhao, Yuanlong Huang, Doug R. Worsnop, Zhe Peng, Melissa A. Morris, Douglas A. Day, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Jose-Luis Jimenez, and Shantanu H. Jathar
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 4915–4939, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-4915-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-4915-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study systematically characterizes the temperature enhancement in the lamp-enclosed oxidation flow reactor (OFR). The enhancement varied multiple dimensional factors, emphasizing the complexity of temperature inside of OFR. The effects of temperature on the flow field and gas- or particle-phase reaction inside OFR were also evaluated with experiments and model simulations. Finally, multiple mitigation strategies were demonstrated to minimize this temperature increase.
Shan Wang, Kezheng Liao, Zijing Zhang, Yuk Ying Cheng, Qiongqiong Wang, Hanzhe Chen, and Jian Zhen Yu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 5803–5821, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5803-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5803-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this work, hourly primary and secondary organic carbon were estimated by a novel Bayesian inference approach in suburban Hong Kong. Their multi-temporal-scale variations and evolution characteristics during PM2.5 episodes were examined. The methodology could serve as a guide for other locations with similar monitoring capabilities. The observation-based results are helpful for understanding the evolving nature of secondary organic aerosols and refining the accuracy of model simulations.
Yi-Jia Ma, Yu Xu, Ting Yang, Hong-Wei Xiao, and Hua-Yun Xiao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 4331–4346, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4331-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4331-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides field-based evidence about the differential impacts of combustion of fresh and aged biomass materials on aerosol nitrogen-containing organic compounds (NOCs) in different seasons in Ürümqi, bridging the linkages between the observations and previous laboratory studies showing the formation mechanisms of NOCs.
Qiongqiong Wang, Shuhui Zhu, Shan Wang, Cheng Huang, Yusen Duan, and Jian Zhen Yu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 475–486, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-475-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-475-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated short-term source apportionment of PM2.5 utilizing rolling positive matrix factorization (PMF) and online PM chemical speciation data, which included source-specific organic tracers collected over a period of 37 d during the winter of 2019–2020 in suburban Shanghai, China. The findings highlight that by imposing constraints on the primary source profiles, short-term PMF analysis successfully replicated both the individual primary sources and the total secondary sources.
Kai Song, Rongzhi Tang, Jingshun Zhang, Zichao Wan, Yuan Zhang, Kun Hu, Yuanzheng Gong, Daqi Lv, Sihua Lu, Yu Tan, Ruifeng Zhang, Ang Li, Shuyuan Yan, Shichao Yan, Baoming Fan, Wenfei Zhu, Chak K. Chan, Maosheng Yao, and Song Guo
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 13585–13595, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13585-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13585-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Incense burning is common in Asia, posing threats to human health and air quality. However, less is known about its emissions and health risks. Full-volatility organic species from incense-burning smoke are detected and quantified. Intermediate-volatility volatile organic compounds (IVOCs) are crucial organics accounting for 19.2 % of the total emission factors (EFs) and 40.0 % of the secondary organic aerosol (SOA) estimation, highlighting the importance of incorporating IVOCs into SOA models.
Ting Yang, Yu Xu, Qing Ye, Yi-Jia Ma, Yu-Chen Wang, Jian-Zhen Yu, Yu-Sen Duan, Chen-Xi Li, Hong-Wei Xiao, Zi-Yue Li, Yue Zhao, and Hua-Yun Xiao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 13433–13450, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13433-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13433-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, 130 OS species were quantified in ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) collected in urban and suburban Shanghai (East China) in the summer of 2021. The daytime OS formation was concretized based on the interactions among OSs, ultraviolet (UV), ozone (O3), and sulfate. Our finding provides field evidence for the influence of photochemical process and anthropogenic sulfate on OS formation and has important implications for the mitigation of organic particulate pollution.
Han Zang, Dandan Huang, Jiali Zhong, Ziyue Li, Chenxi Li, Huayun Xiao, and Yue Zhao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 12691–12705, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12691-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12691-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Acylperoxy radicals (RO2) are key intermediates in the atmospheric oxidation of organic compounds, yet our knowledge of their identities and chemistry remains poor. Using direct measurements and kinetic modeling, we identify the composition and formation pathways of acyl RO2 and quantify their contribution to highly oxygenated organic molecules during α-pinene ozonolysis, which will help to understand oxidation chemistry of monoterpenes and sources of low-volatility organics in the atmosphere.
Shuhui Zhu, Min Zhou, Liping Qiao, Dan Dan Huang, Qiongqiong Wang, Shan Wang, Yaqin Gao, Shengao Jing, Qian Wang, Hongli Wang, Changhong Chen, Cheng Huang, and Jian Zhen Yu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 7551–7568, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7551-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7551-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Organic aerosol (OA) is increasingly important in urban PM2.5 pollution as inorganic ions are becoming lower. We investigated the chemical characteristics of OA during nine episodes in Shanghai. The availability of bi-hourly measured molecular markers revealed that the control of local urban sources such as vehicular and cooking emissions lessened the severity of local episodes. Regional control of precursors and biomass burning would reduce PM2.5 episodes influenced by regional transport.
Chenxi Li, Yuyang Li, Xiaoxiao Li, Runlong Cai, Yaxin Fan, Xiaohui Qiao, Rujing Yin, Chao Yan, Yishuo Guo, Yongchun Liu, Jun Zheng, Veli-Matti Kerminen, Markku Kulmala, Huayun Xiao, and Jingkun Jiang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 6879–6896, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6879-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6879-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
New particle formation and growth in polluted environments are not fully understood despite intensive research. We applied a cluster dynamics–multicomponent sectional model to simulate the new particle formation events observed in Beijing, China. The simulation approximately captures how the events evolve. Further diagnosis shows that the oxygenated organic molecules may have been under-detected, and modulating their abundance leads to significantly improved simulation–observation agreement.
Yu Xu, Xin-Ni Dong, Chen He, Dai-She Wu, Hong-Wei Xiao, and Hua-Yun Xiao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 6775–6788, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6775-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6775-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The air pollution associated with fine particles and secondary organic aerosol is not weakened by the application of mist cannon trucks but rather is aggravated. Our results provide not only new insights into the formation processes of aerosol water-soluble organic compounds associated with the water mist sprayed by mist cannon trucks in the road atmospheric environment but also crucial information for the decision makers to regulate the operation of mist cannon trucks in many cities in China.
Yiqun Lu, Yingge Ma, Dan Dan Huang, Shengrong Lou, Sheng'ao Jing, Yaqin Gao, Hongli Wang, Yanjun Zhang, Hui Chen, Yunhua Chang, Naiqiang Yan, Jianmin Chen, Christian George, Matthieu Riva, and Cheng Huang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 3233–3245, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3233-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3233-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
N-containing oxygenated organic molecules have been identified as important precursors of aerosol particles. We used an ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometer coupled with an online sample inlet to accurately measure their molecular composition, concentration level and variation patterns. We show their formation process and influencing factors in a Chinese megacity involving various volatile organic compound precursors and atmospheric oxidants, and we highlight the influence of PM2.5 episodes.
Rui Li, Kun Zhang, Qing Li, Liumei Yang, Shunyao Wang, Zhiqiang Liu, Xiaojuan Zhang, Hui Chen, Yanan Yi, Jialiang Feng, Qiongqiong Wang, Ling Huang, Wu Wang, Yangjun Wang, Jian Zhen Yu, and Li Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 3065–3081, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3065-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3065-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Molecular markers in organic aerosol (OA) provide specific source information on PM2.5, and the contribution of cooking emissions to OA is significant, especially in urban environments. This study investigates the variation in concentrations and oxidative degradation of fatty acids and corresponding oxidation products in ambient air, which can be a guide for the refinement of aerosol source apportionment and provide scientific support for the development of emission source control policies.
Ren-Guo Zhu, Hua-Yun Xiao, Liqin Cheng, Huixiao Zhu, Hongwei Xiao, and Yunyun Gong
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 14019–14036, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14019-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14019-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Sugars and amino acids are major classes of organic components in atmospheric fine particles and play important roles in the atmosphere. To identify their sources in different regions, the concentrations and compositions of sugar amino acids in fine particles were analysed. Our findings suggest that combining specific sugar tracers and chemical profiles of combined amino acids in local emission sources can identify various source characteristics of primary sources.
Wing Sze Chow, Kezheng Liao, X. H. Hilda Huang, Ka Fung Leung, Alexis K. H. Lau, and Jian Zhen Yu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 11557–11577, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11557-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11557-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Long-term monitoring data of PM2.5 chemical composition provide essential information for evaluation and planning of control measures. Here we present a 10-year (2008–2017) time series of PM2.5, its major components, and select source markers in an urban site in Hong Kong. The dataset verified the success of local vehicular emission control measures as well as reduction of sulfate and regional sources such as industrial and coal combustion and crop residue burning emissions over the decade.
Qiongqiong Wang, Shan Wang, Yuk Ying Cheng, Hanzhe Chen, Zijing Zhang, Jinjian Li, Dasa Gu, Zhe Wang, and Jian Zhen Yu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 11239–11253, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11239-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11239-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) is often enhanced during fine-particulate-matter (PM2.5) episodes. We examined bi-hourly measurements of SOA molecular tracers in suburban Hong Kong during 11 city-wide PM2.5 episodes. The tracers showed regional characteristics for both anthropogenic and biogenic SOA as well as biomass-burning-derived SOA. Multiple tracers of the same precursor revealed the dominance of low-NOx formation pathways for isoprene SOA and less-aged monoterpene SOA during winter.
Gang Zhao, Tianyi Tan, Shuya Hu, Zhuofei Du, Dongjie Shang, Zhijun Wu, Song Guo, Jing Zheng, Wenfei Zhu, Mengren Li, Limin Zeng, and Min Hu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 10861–10873, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10861-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10861-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Black carbon is the second strongest absorbing component in the atmosphere that exerts warming effects on climate. One critical challenge in quantifying the ambient black carbon's radiative effects is addressing the BC microphysical properties. In this study, the microphysical properties of the aged and fresh BC particles are synthetically analyzed under different atmospheres. The measurement results can be further used in models to help constrain the uncertainties of the BC radiative effects.
Kai Song, Song Guo, Yuanzheng Gong, Daqi Lv, Yuan Zhang, Zichao Wan, Tianyu Li, Wenfei Zhu, Hui Wang, Ying Yu, Rui Tan, Ruizhe Shen, Sihua Lu, Shuangde Li, Yunfa Chen, and Min Hu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 9827–9841, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9827-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9827-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Emissions from four typical Chinese domestic cooking and fried chicken using four kinds of oils were investigated to illustrate the impact of cooking style and oil. Of the estimated SOA, 10.2 %–32.0 % could be explained by S/IVOC oxidation. Multiway principal component analysis (MPCA) emphasizes the importance of the unsaturated fatty acid-alkadienal volatile product mechanism (oil autoxidation) accelerated by the cooking and heating procedure.
Cuiqi Zhang, Zhijun Wu, Jingchuan Chen, Jie Chen, Lizi Tang, Wenfei Zhu, Xiangyu Pei, Shiyi Chen, Ping Tian, Song Guo, Limin Zeng, Min Hu, and Zamin A. Kanji
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 7539–7556, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7539-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7539-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The immersion ice nucleation effectiveness of aerosols from multiple sources in the urban environment remains elusive. In this study, we demonstrate that the immersion ice-nucleating particle (INP) concentration increased dramatically during a dust event in an urban atmosphere. Pollutant aerosols, including inorganic salts formed through secondary transformation (SIA) and black carbon (BC), might not act as effective INPs under mixed-phase cloud conditions.
Yuanzheng Gong, Kai Song, Song Guo, Daqi Lv, Yuan Zhang, Zichao Wan, Wenfei Zhu, Hui Wang, Ying Yu, Rui Tan, Ruizhe Shen, Sihua Lu, Shuangde Li, and Yunfa Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-326, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-326, 2022
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
Herein we applied thermal desorption comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (TD-GCxGC-MS) for synchronous analysis of gaseous and particulate organics emitted from cooking fumes. With a systematic 4-step qualitative procedure and precise quantitative and semi-quantitative method, 170 and 352 compounds from C2 (acetic acids) – C30 (squalene) occupying 95 % and 90 % of the total ion current for gaseous and particulate samples were identified and quantified.
Rongshuang Xu, Sze In Madeleine Ng, Wing Sze Chow, Yee Ka Wong, Yuchen Wang, Donger Lai, Zhongping Yao, Pui-Kin So, Jian Zhen Yu, and Man Nin Chan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 5685–5700, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5685-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5685-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
To date, while over a hundred organosulfates (OSs) have been detected in atmospheric aerosols, many of them are still unidentified, with unknown precursors and formation processes. We found the heterogeneous OH oxidation of an α-pinene-derived organosulfate (C10H17O5SNa, αpOS-249, αpOS-249) can proceed at an efficient rate and transform into more oxygenated OSs, which have been commonly detected in atmospheric aerosols and α-pinene-derived SOA in chamber studies.
Yee Ka Wong, Kin Man Liu, Claisen Yeung, Kenneth K. M. Leung, and Jian Zhen Yu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 5017–5031, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5017-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5017-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Coarse particulate matter (PM) has been shown to cause adverse health impacts, but compared to PM2.5, the source of coarse PM is less studied through field measurements. We collected chemical composition data for coarse PM in Hong Kong for a 1-year period. Using statistical models, we found that regional transport of fugitive dust is responsible for the elevated coarse PM. This work sets an example of how field measurements can be effectively utilized for evidence-based policymaking.
Han Zang, Yue Zhao, Juntao Huo, Qianbiao Zhao, Qingyan Fu, Yusen Duan, Jingyuan Shao, Cheng Huang, Jingyu An, Likun Xue, Ziyue Li, Chenxi Li, and Huayun Xiao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 4355–4374, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4355-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4355-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Particulate nitrate plays an important role in wintertime haze pollution in eastern China, yet quantitative constraints on detailed nitrate formation mechanisms remain limited. Here we quantified the contributions of the heterogeneous N2O5 hydrolysis (66 %) and gas-phase OH + NO2 reaction (32 %) to nitrate formation in this region and identified the atmospheric oxidation capacity (i.e., availability of O3 and OH radicals) as the driving factor of nitrate formation from both processes.
Zirui Zhang, Wenfei Zhu, Min Hu, Kefan Liu, Hui Wang, Rongzhi Tang, Ruizhe Shen, Ying Yu, Rui Tan, Kai Song, Yuanju Li, Wenbin Zhang, Zhou Zhang, Hongming Xu, Shijin Shuai, Shuangde Li, Yunfa Chen, Jiayun Li, Yuesi Wang, and Song Guo
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 15221–15237, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15221-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15221-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We comprehensively investigated the mass growth potential, oxidation degree, formation pathway, and mass spectra features of typical urban-lifestyle secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) including vehicle SOAs and cooking SOAs. The mass spectra we acquired could provide necessary references to estimate the mass fractions of vehicle and cooking SOAs in the atmosphere, which would greatly decrease the uncertainty in air quality evaluation and health risk assessment in urban areas.
Wenfei Zhu, Song Guo, Zirui Zhang, Hui Wang, Ying Yu, Zheng Chen, Ruizhe Shen, Rui Tan, Kai Song, Kefan Liu, Rongzhi Tang, Yi Liu, Shengrong Lou, Yuanju Li, Wenbin Zhang, Zhou Zhang, Shijin Shuai, Hongming Xu, Shuangde Li, Yunfa Chen, Min Hu, Francesco Canonaco, and Andre S. H. Prévôt
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 15065–15079, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15065-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15065-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The experiments of primary emissions and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from urban lifestyle sources (cooking and vehicles) were conducted. The mass spectral features of primary organic aerosol (POA) and SOA were characterized by using a high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer. This work, for the first time, establishes the vehicle and cooking SOA source profiles and can be further used as source constraints in the OA source apportionment in the ambient atmosphere.
Kai Song, Song Guo, Haichao Wang, Ying Yu, Hui Wang, Rongzhi Tang, Shiyong Xia, Yuanzheng Gong, Zichao Wan, Daqi Lv, Rui Tan, Wenfei Zhu, Ruizhe Shen, Xin Li, Xuena Yu, Shiyi Chen, Liming Zeng, and Xiaofeng Huang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 7917–7932, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7917-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7917-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrated phenols (NPs) are crucial components of brown carbon. To comprehend the constitutes and sources of NPs in winter of Beijing, their concentrations were measured by a CI-LToF-MS. The secondary formation process was simulated by a box model. NPs were mainly influenced by primary emissions and regional transport. Primary emitted phenol rather than benzene oxidation was crucial in the heavy pollution episode in Beijing. This provides more insight into pollution control strategies of NPs.
Christian Mark Garcia Salvador, Rongzhi Tang, Michael Priestley, Linjie Li, Epameinondas Tsiligiannis, Michael Le Breton, Wenfei Zhu, Limin Zeng, Hui Wang, Ying Yu, Min Hu, Song Guo, and Mattias Hallquist
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 1389–1406, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-1389-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-1389-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
High-frequency online measurement of gas- and particle-phase nitro-aromatic compounds (NACs) at a rural site in China, heavily influenced by biomass burning events, enabled the analysis of the production pathway of NACs, including an explanation of strong persistence in the daytime. The contribution of secondary processes was significant, even during the dominant wintertime influence of primary emissions, suggesting the important role of regional secondary chemistry, i.e. photochemical smog.
Rui Li, Qiongqiong Wang, Xiao He, Shuhui Zhu, Kun Zhang, Yusen Duan, Qingyan Fu, Liping Qiao, Yangjun Wang, Ling Huang, Li Li, and Jian Zhen Yu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 12047–12061, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-12047-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-12047-2020, 2020
Cited articles
Behera, S. N., Cheng, J., Huang, X., Zhu, Q., Liu, P., and Balasubramanian,
R.: Chemical composition and acidity of size-fractionated inorganic aerosols
of 2013-14 winter haze in Shanghai and associated health risk of toxic
elements, Atmos. Environ., 122, 259–271, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.09.053,
2015.
Blair, S. L., MacMillan, A. C., Drozd, G. T., Goldstein, A. H., Chu, R. K., Pasa-Tolic, L., Shaw, J. B., Tolic, N., Lin, P., Laskin, J., Laskin, A., and Nizkorodov, S. A.: Molecular characterization of organosulfur compounds in biodiesel and diesel fuel secondary organic aerosol, Environ. Sci. Technol.,
51, 119–127, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b03304, 2017.
Borbon, A., Fontaine, H., Veillerot, M., Locoge, N., Galloo, J. C., and Guillermo, R.: An investigation into the traffic-related fraction of isoprene at an urban location, Atmos. Environ., 35, 3749–3760, 2001.
Brüggemann, M., Poulain, L., Held, A., Stelzer, T., Zuth, C., Richters, S., Mutzel, A., van Pinxteren, D., Iinuma, Y., Katkevica, S., Rabe, R., Herrmann, H., and Hoffmann, T.: Real-time detection of highly oxidized organosulfates and BSOA marker compounds during the F-BEACh 2014 field study, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 1453–1469, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-1453-2017, 2017.
Brüggemann, M., Xu, R. S., Tilgner, A., Kwong, K. C., Mutzel, A., Poon, H. Y., Otto, T., Schaefer, T., Poulain, L., Chan, M. N., and Herrmann, H.: Organosulfates in ambient aerosol: state of knowledge and future research directions on formation, abundance, fate, and importance, Environ. Sci. Technol., 54, 3767–3782, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b06751, 2020.
Bryant, D. J., Dixon, W. J., Hopkins, J. R., Dunmore, R. E., Pereira, K. L., Shaw, M., Squires, F. A., Bannan, T. J., Mehra, A., Worrall, S. D., Bacak, A., Coe, H., Percival, C. J., Whalley, L. K., Heard, D. E., Slater, E. J., Ouyang, B., Cui, T., Surratt, J. D., Liu, D., Shi, Z., Harrison, R., Sun, Y., Xu, W., Lewis, A. C., Lee, J. D., Rickard, A. R., and Hamilton, J. F.: Strong anthropogenic control of secondary organic aerosol formation from isoprene in Beijing, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 7531–7552, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-7531-2020, 2020.
Budisulistiorini, S. H., Li, X., Bairai, S. T., Renfro, J., Liu, Y., Liu, Y. J., McKinney, K. A., Martin, S. T., McNeill, V. F., Pye, H. O. T., Nenes, A., Neff, M. E., Stone, E. A., Mueller, S., Knote, C., Shaw, S. L., Zhang, Z., Gold, A., and Surratt, J. D.: Examining the effects of anthropogenic emissions on isoprene-derived secondary organic aerosol formation during the 2013 Southern Oxidant and Aerosol Study (SOAS) at the Look Rock, Tennessee ground site, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 8871–8888, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-8871-2015, 2015.
Chan, M. N., Surratt, J. D., Claeys, M., Edgerton, E. S., Tanner, R. L., Shaw, S. L., Zheng, M., Knipping, E. M., Eddingsaas, N. C., Wennberg, P. O., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Characterization and quantification of isoprene-derived epoxydiols in ambient aerosol in the southeastern United States, Environ. Sci. Technol., 44, 4590–4596, https://doi.org/10.1021/es100596b, 2010.
Chan, M. N., Surratt, J. D., Chan, A. W. H., Schilling, K., Offenberg, J. H., Lewandowski, M., Edney, E. O., Kleindienst, T. E., Jaoui, M., Edgerton, E. S., Tanner, R. L., Shaw, S. L., Zheng, M., Knipping, E. M., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Influence of aerosol acidity on the chemical composition of secondary organic aerosol from β-caryophyllene, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 1735–1751, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-1735-2011, 2011.
Chen, Y., Zhang, Y., Lambe, A. T., Xu, R., Lei, Z., Olson, N. E., Zhang, Z.,
Szalkowski, T., Cui, T., Vizuete, W., Gold, A., Turpin, B. J., Ault, A. P.,
Chan, M. N., and Surratt, J. D.: Heterogeneous hydroxyl radical oxidation of
isoprene-epoxydiol-derived methyltetrol sulfates: plausible formation
mechanisms of previously unexplained organosulfates in ambient fine
aerosols, Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett., 7, 460–468, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.0c00276, 2020.
Claeys, M., Wang, W., Vermeylen, R., Kourtchev, I., Chi, X., Farhat, Y.,
Surratt, J. D., Gómez-González, Y., Sciare, J., and Maenhaut, W.:
Chemical characterisation of marine aerosol at Amsterdam Island during the
austral summer of 2006-2007, J. Aerosol Sci., 41, 13=-22, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2009.08.003, 2010.
Darer, A. I., Cole-Filipiak, N. C., O'Connor, A. E., and Elrod, M. J.:
Formation and stability of atmospherically relevant isoprene-derived
organosulfates and organonitrates, Environ. Sci. Technol., 45, 1895–1902, https://doi.org/10.1021/es103797z, 2011.
DeRieux, W.-S. W., Li, Y., Lin, P., Laskin, J., Laskin, A., Bertram, A. K., Nizkorodov, S. A., and Shiraiwa, M.: Predicting the glass transition temperature and viscosity of secondary organic material using molecular composition, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 6331–6351, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-6331-2018, 2018.
Ding, A., Huang, X., Nie, W., Chi, X., Xu, Z., Zheng, L., Xu, Z., Xie, Y., Qi, X., Shen, Y., Sun, P., Wang, J., Wang, L., Sun, J., Yang, X.-Q., Qin, W., Zhang, X., Cheng, W., Liu, W., Pan, L., and Fu, C.: Significant reduction of PM2.5 in eastern China due to regional-scale emission control: evidence from SORPES in 2011–2018, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 11791–11801, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-11791-2019, 2019.
Ding, J., Zhao, P., Su, J., Dong, Q., Du, X., and Zhang, Y.: Aerosol pH and its driving factors in Beijing, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 7939–7954, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-7939-2019, 2019.
Estillore, A. D., Hettiyadura, A. P. S., Qin, Z., Leckrone, E., Wombacher, B., Humphry, T., Stone, E. A., and Grassian, V. H.: Water uptake and hygroscopic growth of organosulfate aerosol, Environ. Sci. Technol., 50, 4259–4268, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b05014, 2016.
Fisseha, R., Dommen, J., Gutzwiller, L., Weingartner, E., Gysel, M., Emmenegger, C., Kalberer, M., and Baltensperger, U.: Seasonal and diurnal characteristics of water soluble inorganic compounds in the gas and aerosol phase in the Zurich area, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 1895–1904, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-1895-2006, 2006.
Fleming, L. T., Ali, N. N., Blair, S. L., Roveretto, M., George, C., and Nizkorodov, S. A.: Formation of light-absorbing organosulfates during evaporation of secondary organic material extracts in the presence of sulfuric acid, ACS Earth Space Chem., 3, 947–957, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.9b00036, 2019.
Fountoukis, C. and Nenes, A.: ISORROPIA II: a computationally efficient thermodynamic equilibrium model for K+-Ca2+-Mg2+-NH
Froyd, K. D., Murphy, S. M., Murphy, D. M., de Gouw, J. A., Eddingsaas, N. C., and Wennberg, P. O.: Contribution of isoprene-derived organosulfates to free tropospheric aerosol mass, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 107, 21360–21365, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1012561107, 2010.
Gómez-González, Y., Surratt, J. D., Cuyckens, F., Szmigielski, R., Vermeylen, R., Jaoui, M., Lewandowski, M., Offenberg, J. H., Kleindienst, T. E., Edney, E. O., Blockhuys, F., Van Alsenoy, C., Maenhaut, W., and Claeys, M.: Characterization of organosulfates from the photooxidation of isoprene and unsaturated fatty acids in ambient aerosol using liquid chromatography/(-) electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, J. Mass Spectrom., 43, 371–382, https://doi.org/10.1002/jms.1329, 2008.
Grgic, I., Dovzan, A., Bercic, G., and Hudnik, V.: The effect of atmospheric organic compounds on the Fe-catalyzed S(IV) autoxidation in aqueous solution, J. Atmos. Chem., 29, 315–337, https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1005918912994, 1998.
Griffith, S. M., Huang, X. H. H., Louie, P. K. K., and Yu, J. Z.:
Characterizing the thermodynamic and chemical composition factors
controlling PM2.5 nitrate: Insights gained from two years of online
measurements in Hong Kong, Atmos. Environ., 122, 864–875, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.02.009, 2015.
Guenther, A., Hewitt, C. N., Erickson, D., Fall, R., Geron, C., Graedel, T., Harley, P., Klinger, L., Lerdau, M., McKay, W. A., Pierce, T., Scholes, B., Steinbrecher, R., Tallamraju, R., Taylor, J., and Zimmerman, P.: A global model of natural volatile organic compound emissions, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 8873–8892, https://doi.org/10.1029/94JD02950, 1995.
Guo, H., Xu, L., Bougiatioti, A., Cerully, K. M., Capps, S. L., Hite Jr., J. R., Carlton, A. G., Lee, S.-H., Bergin, M. H., Ng, N. L., Nenes, A., and Weber, R. J.: Fine-particle water and pH in the southeastern United States, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 5211–5228, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-5211-2015, 2015.
Guo, H., Sullivan, A. P., Campuzano-Jost, P., Schroder, J. C.,
Lopez-Hilfiker, F. D., Dibb, J. E., Jimenez, J. L., Thornton, J. A., Brown,
S. S., Nenes, A., and Weber, R. J.: Fine particle pH and the partitioning of
nitric acid during winter in the northeastern United States, J. Geophys.
Res.-Atmos., 121, 10355–10376, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016jd025311, 2016.
Hansen, A. M. K., Kristensen, K., Nguyen, Q. T., Zare, A., Cozzi, F., Nøjgaard, J. K., Skov, H., Brandt, J., Christensen, J. H., Ström, J., Tunved, P., Krejci, R., and Glasius, M.: Organosulfates and organic acids in Arctic aerosols: speciation, annual variation and concentration levels, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 7807–7823, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-7807-2014, 2014.
Hansen, A. M. K., Hong, J., Raatikainen, T., Kristensen, K., Ylisirniö, A., Virtanen, A., Petäjä, T., Glasius, M., and Prisle, N. L.: Hygroscopic properties and cloud condensation nuclei activation of limonene-derived organosulfates and their mixtures with ammonium sulfate, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 14071–14089, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-14071-2015, 2015.
Hatch, L. E., Creamean, J. M., Ault, A. P., Surratt, J. D., Chan, M. N., Seinfeld, J. H., Edgerton, E. S., Su, Y., and Prather, K. A.: Measurements of isoprene-derived organosulfates in ambient aerosols by aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometry-part 2: temporal variability and formation mechanisms, Environ. Sci. Technol., 45, 8648–8655, https://doi.org/10.1021/es2011836, 2011.
Hawkins, L. N., Russell, L. M., Covert, D. S., Quinn, P. K., and Bates, T. S.: Carboxylic acids, sulfates, and organosulfates in processed continental organic aerosol over the southeast Pacific Ocean during VOCALS-REx 2008, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D13201, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009jd013276, 2010.
He, Q. F., Ding, X., Wang, X. M., Yu, J. Z., Fu, X. X., Liu, T. Y., Zhang, Z., Xue, J., Chen, D. H., Zhong, L. J., and Donahue, N. M.: Organosulfates from pinene and isoprene over the Pearl River Delta, South China: seasonal variation and implication in formation mechanisms, Environ. Sci. Technol., 48, 9236–9245, https://doi.org/10.1021/es501299v, 2014.
He, Q. F., Ding, X., Fu, X. X., Zhang, Y. Q., Wang, J. Q., Liu, Y. X., Tang,
M. J., Wang, X. M., and Rudich, Y.: Secondary organic aerosol formation from
isoprene epoxides in the Pearl River Delta, South China: IEPOX- and
HMML-derived tracers, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 123, 6999–7012, https://doi.org/10.1029/2017jd028242, 2018.
Hennigan, C. J., Izumi, J., Sullivan, A. P., Weber, R. J., and Nenes, A.: A critical evaluation of proxy methods used to estimate the acidity of atmospheric particles, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 2775–2790, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-2775-2015, 2015.
Herrmann, H.: Kinetics of aqueous phase reactions relevant for atmospheric
chemistry, Chem. Rev., 103, 4691–4716, https://doi.org/10.1021/cr020658q, 2003.
Hettiyadura, A. P. S., Stone, E. A., Kundu, S., Baker, Z., Geddes, E., Richards, K., and Humphry, T.: Determination of atmospheric organosulfates using HILIC chromatography with MS detection, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 8, 2347–2358, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-2347-2015, 2015.
Hettiyadura, A. P. S., Jayarathne, T., Baumann, K., Goldstein, A. H., de Gouw, J. A., Koss, A., Keutsch, F. N., Skog, K., and Stone, E. A.: Qualitative and quantitative analysis of atmospheric organosulfates in Centreville, Alabama, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 1343–1359, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-1343-2017, 2017.
Hettiyadura, A. P. S., Al-Naiema, I. M., Hughes, D. D., Fang, T., and Stone, E. A.: Organosulfates in Atlanta, Georgia: anthropogenic influences on biogenic secondary organic aerosol formation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 3191–3206, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-3191-2019, 2019.
Hoffmann, T., Huang, R. J., and Kalberer, M.: Atmospheric analytical chemistry, Anal. Chem., 83, 4649–4664, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac2010718, 2011.
Huang, L., Coddens, E. M., and Grassian, V. H.: Formation of organosulfur compounds from aqueous phase reactions of S(IV) with methacrolein and methyl vinyl ketone in the presence of transition metal ions, ACS Earth Space Chem., 3, 1749–1755, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.9b00173, 2019.
Huang, L., Liu, T., and Grassian, V. H.: Radical-initiated formation of aromatic organosulfates and sulfonates in the aqueous phase, Environ. Sci. Technol., 54, 11857–11864, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c05644, 2020.
Huang, R.-J., Zhang, Y., Bozzetti, C., Ho, K.-F., Cao, J.-J., Han, Y.,
Daellenbach, K. R., Slowik, J. G., Platt, S. M., Canonaco, F., Zotter, P.,
Wolf, R., Pieber, S. M., Bruns, E. A., Crippa, M., Ciarelli, G.,
Piazzalunga, A., Schwikowski, M., Abbaszade, G., Schnelle-Kreis, J.,
Zimmermann, R., An, Z., Szidat, S., Baltensperger, U., El Haddad, I., and
Prevot, A. S. H.: High secondary aerosol contribution to particulate
pollution during haze events in China, Nature, 514, 218–222, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13774, 2014.
Huang, R.-J., Cao, J., Chen, Y., Yang, L., Shen, J., You, Q., Wang, K., Lin, C., Xu, W., Gao, B., Li, Y., Chen, Q., Hoffmann, T., O'Dowd, C. D., Bilde, M., and Glasius, M.: Organosulfates in atmospheric aerosol: synthesis and quantitative analysis of PM2.5 from Xi'an, northwestern China, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 3447–3456, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-3447-2018, 2018.
Iinuma, Y., Mueller, C., Berndt, T., Boege, O., Claeys, M., and Herrmann,
H.: Evidence for the existence of organosulfates from β-pinene
ozonolysis in ambient secondary organic aerosol, Environ. Sci. Technol., 41,
6678–6683, 2007a.
Iinuma, Y., Mueller, C., Boege, O., Gnauk, T., and Herrmann, H.: The
formation of organic sulfate esters in the limonene ozonolysis secondary
organic aerosol (SOA) under acidic conditions, Atmos. Environ., 41,
5571–5583, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.03.007, 2007b.
Iinuma, Y., Boege, O., Kahnt, A., and Herrmann, H.: Laboratory chamber
studies on the formation of organosulfates from reactive uptake of
monoterpene oxides, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 11, 7985–7997, https://doi.org/10.1039/b904025k, 2009.
Jiang, P.-Y., Katsumura, Y., Domae, M., Ishikawa, K., Ishigure, K., and Yoshida, Y.: Pulse radiolysis study of concentrated sulfuric acid solutions. Formation mechanism, yield and reactivity of sulfate radicals, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday T., 88, 3319–3322, https://doi.org/10.1039/ft9928801653, 1992.
Jimenez, J. L., Canagaratna, M. R., Donahue, N. M., Prevot, A. S. H., Zhang, Q., Kroll, J. H., DeCarlo, P. F., Allan, J. D., Coe, H., Ng, N. L., Aiken, A. C., Docherty, K. S., Ulbrich, I. M., Grieshop, A. P., Robinson, A. L., Duplissy, J., Smith, J. D., Wilson, K. R., Lanz, V. A., Hueglin, C., Sun, Y. L., Tian, J., Laaksonen, A., Raatikainen, T., Rautiainen, J., Vaattovaara, P., Ehn, M., Kulmala, M., Tomlinson, J. M., Collins, D. R., Cubison, M. J., Dunlea, E. J., Huffman, J. A., Onasch, T. B., Alfarra, M. R., Williams, P. I., Bower, K., Kondo, Y., Schneider, J., Drewnick, F., Borrmann, S., Weimer, S., Demerjian, K., Salcedo, D., Cottrell, L., Griffin, R., Takami, A., Miyoshi, T., Hatakeyama, S., Shimono, A., Sun, J. Y., Zhang, Y. M., Dzepina, K., Kimmel, J. R., Sueper, D., Jayne, J. T., Herndon, S. C., Trimborn, A. M., Williams, L. R., Wood, E. C., Middlebrook, A. M., Kolb, C. E., Baltensperger, U., and Worsnop, D. R.: Evolution of organic aerosols in the atmosphere, Science, 326, 1525–1529, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1180353, 2009.
Johnston, M. V. and Kerecman, D. E.: Molecular characterization of
atmospheric organic aerosol by mass spectrometry, Annu. Rev. Anal. Chem.,
12, 247–274, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-anchem-061516-045135, 2019.
Kourtchev, I., Godoi, R. H. M., Connors, S., Levine, J. G., Archibald, A. T., Godoi, A. F. L., Paralovo, S. L., Barbosa, C. G. G., Souza, R. A. F., Manzi, A. O., Seco, R., Sjostedt, S., Park, J.-H., Guenther, A., Kim, S., Smith, J., Martin, S. T., and Kalberer, M.: Molecular composition of organic aerosols in central Amazonia: an ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry study, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 11899–11913, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-11899-2016, 2016.
Kristensen, K. and Glasius, M.: Organosulfates and oxidation products from biogenic hydrocarbons in fine aerosols from a forest in North West Europe during spring, Atmos. Environ., 45, 4546–4556, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.05.063, 2011.
Kundu, S., Quraishi, T. A., Yu, G., Suarez, C., Keutsch, F. N., and Stone, E. A.: Evidence and quantitation of aromatic organosulfates in ambient aerosols in Lahore, Pakistan, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 4865–4875, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-4865-2013, 2013.
Le Breton, M., Wang, Y., Hallquist, Å. M., Pathak, R. K., Zheng, J., Yang, Y., Shang, D., Glasius, M., Bannan, T. J., Liu, Q., Chan, C. K., Percival, C. J., Zhu, W., Lou, S., Topping, D., Wang, Y., Yu, J., Lu, K., Guo, S., Hu, M., and Hallquist, M.: Online gas- and particle-phase measurements of organosulfates, organosulfonates and nitrooxy organosulfates in Beijing utilizing a FIGAERO ToF-CIMS, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 10355–10371, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-10355-2018, 2018.
Lewandowski, M., Jaoui, M., Offenberg, J. H., Krug, J. D., and Kleindienst, T. E.: Atmospheric oxidation of isoprene and 1,3-butadiene: influence of aerosol acidity and relative humidity on secondary organic aerosol, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 3773–3783, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-3773-2015, 2015.
Liao, J., Froyd, K. D., Murphy, D. M., Keutsch, F. N., Yu, G., Wennberg, P. O., St. Clair, J. M., Crounse, J. D., Wisthaler, A., Mikoviny, T., Jimenez, J. L., Campuzano-Jost, P., Day, D. A., Hu, W., Ryerson, T. B., Pollack, I. B., Peischl, J., Anderson, B. E., Ziemba, L. D., Blake, D. R., Meinardi, S., and Diskin, G.: Airborne measurements of organosulfates over the continental US, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 120, 2990–3005, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014jd022378, 2015.
Lin, P., Yu, J. Z., Engling, G., and Kalberer, M.: Organosulfates in humic-like substance fraction isolated from aerosols at seven locations in East Asia: a study by ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry, Environ. Sci. Technol., 46, 13118–13127, https://doi.org/10.1021/es303570v, 2012.
Lin, Y. H., Zhang, Z., Docherty, K. S., Zhang, H., Budisulistiorini, S. H., Rubitschun, C. L., Shaw, S. L., Knipping, E. M., Edgerton, E. S., Kleindienst, T. E., Gold, A., and Surratt, J. D.: Isoprene epoxydiols as precursors to secondary organic aerosol formation: acid-catalyzed reactive uptake studies with authentic compounds, Environ. Sci. Technol., 46, 250–258, https://doi.org/10.1021/es202554c, 2012.
Lin, Y. H., Zhang, H., Pye, H. O., Zhang, Z., Marth, W. J., Park, S., Arashiro, M., Cui, T., Budisulistiorini, S. H., Sexton, K. G., Vizuete, W., Xie, Y., Luecken, D. J., Piletic, I. R., Edney, E. O., Bartolotti, L. J., Gold, A., and Surratt, J. D.: Epoxide as a precursor to secondary organic aerosol formation from isoprene photooxidation in the presence of nitrogen oxides, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 110, 6718–6723, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1221150110, 2013.
Liu, M. X., Song, Y., Zhou, T., Xu, Z. Y., Yan, C. Q., Zheng, M., Wu, Z. J., Hu, M., Wu, Y. S., and Zhu, T.: Fine particle pH during severe haze episodes in northern China, Geophys. Res. Lett., 44, 5213–5221, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017gl073210, 2017.
Liu, Y. and Wang, T.: Worsening urban ozone pollution in China from 2013 to 2017 – Part 2: The effects of emission changes and implications for multi-pollutant control, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 6323–6337, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-6323-2020, 2020.
Lukács, H., Gelencsér, A., Hoffer, A., Kiss, G., Horváth, K., and Hartyáni, Z.: Quantitative assessment of organosulfates in size-segregated rural fine aerosol, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 231–238, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-231-2009, 2009.
Ma, Y., Xu, X., Song, W., Geng, F., and Wang, L.: Seasonal and diurnal variations of particulate organosulfates in urban Shanghai, China, Atmos. Environ., 85, 152–160, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.12.017, 2014.
Mahowald, N.: Aerosol indirect effect on biogeochemical cycles and climate, Science, 334, 794–796, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1207374, 2011.
McNeill, V. F., Woo, J. L., Kim, D. D., Schwier, A. N., Wannell, N. J., Sumner, A. J., and Barakat, J. M.: Aqueous-phase secondary organic aerosol and organosulfate formation in atmospheric aerosols: a modeling study, Environ. Sci. Technol., 46, 8075–8081, https://doi.org/10.1021/es3002986, 2012.
Meade, L. E., Riva, M., Blomberg, M. Z., Brock, A. K., Qualters, E. M., Siejack, R. A., Ramakrishnan, K., Surratt, J. D., and Kautzman, K. E.: Seasonal variations of fine particulate organosulfates derived from biogenic and anthropogenic hydrocarbons in the mid-Atlantic United States, Atmos. Environ., 145, 405–414, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.09.028, 2016.
Nah, T., Guo, H., Sullivan, A. P., Chen, Y., Tanner, D. J., Nenes, A., Russell, A., Ng, N. L., Huey, L. G., and Weber, R. J.: Characterization of aerosol composition, aerosol acidity, and organic acid partitioning at an agriculturally intensive rural southeastern US site, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 11471–11491, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-11471-2018, 2018.
Nestorowicz, K., Jaoui, M., Rudzinski, K. J., Lewandowski, M., Kleindienst, T. E., Spólnik, G., Danikiewicz, W., and Szmigielski, R.: Chemical composition of isoprene SOA under acidic and non-acidic conditions: effect of relative humidity, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 18101–18121, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-18101-2018, 2018.
Nguyen, Q. T., Christensen, M. K., Cozzi, F., Zare, A., Hansen, A. M. K., Kristensen, K., Tulinius, T. E., Madsen, H. H., Christensen, J. H., Brandt, J., Massling, A., Nøjgaard, J. K., and Glasius, M.: Understanding the anthropogenic influence on formation of biogenic secondary organic aerosols in Denmark via analysis of organosulfates and related oxidation products, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 8961–8981, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-8961-2014, 2014.
Nguyen, T. B., Lee, P. B., Updyke, K. M., Bones, D. L., Laskin, J., Laskin,
A., and Nizkorodov, S. A.: Formation of nitrogen- and sulfur-containing
light-absorbing compounds accelerated by evaporation of water from secondary
organic aerosols, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 117, D01207, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011jd016944, 2012.
Nguyen, T. B., Bates, K. H., Crounse, J. D., Schwantes, R. H., Zhang, X.,
Kjaergaard, H. G., Surratt, J. D., Lin, P., Laskin, A., Seinfeld, J. H., and
Wennberg, P. O.: Mechanism of the hydroxyl radical oxidation of methacryloyl
peroxynitrate (MPAN) and its pathway toward secondary organic aerosol
formation in the atmosphere, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 17, 17914–17926, https://doi.org/10.1039/c5cp02001h, 2015.
Nozière, B., Ekström, S., Alsberg, T., and Holmström, S.: Radical-initiated formation of organosulfates and surfactants in atmospheric aerosols, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L05806, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009gl041683, 2010.
Nozière, B., Kalberer, M., Claeys, M., Allan, J., D'Anna, B., Decesari, S., Finessi, E., Glasius, M., Grgic, I., Hamilton, J. F., Hoffmann, T., Iinuma, Y., Jaoui, M., Kahno, A., Kampf, C. J., Kourtchev, I., Maenhaut, W., Marsden, N., Saarikoski, S., Schnelle-Kreis, J., Surratt, J. D., Szidat, S., Szmigielski, R., and Wisthaler, A.: The molecular identification of organic compounds in the atmosphere: state of the art and challenges, Chem. Rev., 115, 3919–3983, https://doi.org/10.1021/cr5003485, 2015.
Olson, C. N., Galloway, M. M., Yu, G., Hedman, C. J., Lockett, M. R., Yoon,
T., Stone, E. A., Smith, L. M., and Keutsch, F. N.: Hydroxycarboxylic
acid-derived organosulfates: synthesis, stability, and quantification in
ambient aerosol, Environ. Sci. Technol., 45, 6468–6474, https://doi.org/10.1021/es201039p, 2011.
Olson, N. E., Lei, Z. Y., Craig, R. L., Zhang, Y., Chen, Y. Z., Lambe, A.
T., Zhang, Z. F., Gold, A., Surratt, J. D., and Ault, A. P.: Reactive uptake
of isoprene epoxydiols increases the viscosity of the core of
phase-separated aerosol particles, ACS Earth Space Chem., 3, 1402–1414, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.9b00138, 2019.
Passananti, M., Kong, L., Shang, J., Dupart, Y., Perrier, S., Chen, J.,
Donaldson, D. J., and George, C.: Organosulfate formation through the
heterogeneous reaction of sulfur dioxide with unsaturated fatty acids and
long-chain alkenes, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 55, 10336–10339, https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201605266, 2016.
Pye, H. O. T., Pinder, R. W., Piletic, I. R., Xie, Y., Capps, S. L., Lin, Y.
H., Surratt, J. D., Zhang, Z. F., Gold, A., Luecken, D. J., Hutzell, W. T.,
Jaoui, M., Offenberg, J. H., Kleindienst, T. E., Lewandowski, M., and Edney,
E. O.: Epoxide pathways improve model predictions of isoprene markers and
reveal key role of acidity in aerosol formation, Environ. Sci. Technol., 47,
11056–11064, https://doi.org/10.1021/es402106h, 2013.
Ramanathan, V., Crutzen, P. J., Lelieveld, J., Mitra, A. P., Althausen, D.,
Anderson, J., Andreae, M. O., Cantrell, W., Cass, G. R., Chung, C. E.,
Clarke, A. D., Coakley, J. A., Collins, W. D., Conant, W. C., Dulac, F.,
Heintzenberg, J., Heymsfield, A. J., Holben, B., Howell, S., Hudson, J.,
Jayaraman, A., Kiehl, J. T., Krishnamurti, T. N., Lubin, D., McFarquhar, G.,
Novakov, T., Ogren, J. A., Podgorny, I. A., Prather, K., Priestley, K.,
Prospero, J. M., Quinn, P. K., Rajeev, K., Rasch, P., Rupert, S., Sadourny,
R., Satheesh, S. K., Shaw, G. E., Sheridan, P., and Valero, F. P. J.: Indian
Ocean Experiment: an integrated analysis of the climate forcing and effects
of the great Indo-Asian haze, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 106, 28371–28398, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001jd900133, 2001.
Rattanavaraha, W., Chu, K., Budisulistiorini, S. H., Riva, M., Lin, Y.-H., Edgerton, E. S., Baumann, K., Shaw, S. L., Guo, H., King, L., Weber, R. J., Neff, M. E., Stone, E. A., Offenberg, J. H., Zhang, Z., Gold, A., and Surratt, J. D.: Assessing the impact of anthropogenic pollution on isoprene-derived secondary organic aerosol formation in PM2.5 collected from the Birmingham, Alabama, ground site during the 2013 Southern Oxidant and Aerosol Study, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 4897–4914, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-4897-2016, 2016.
Riva, M., Tomaz, S., Cui, T., Lin, Y. H., Perraudin, E., Gold, A., Stone, E. A., Villenave, E., and Surratt, J. D.: Evidence for an unrecognized secondary anthropogenic source of organosulfates and sulfonates: gas-phase oxidation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the presence of sulfate aerosol, Environ. Sci. Technol., 49, 6654–6664, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b00836, 2015.
Riva, M., Budisulistiorini, S. H., Zhang, Z. F., Gold, A., and Surratt, J. D.: Chemical characterization of secondary organic aerosol constituents from isoprene ozonolysis in the presence of acidic aerosol, Atmos. Environ., 130, 5–13, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.06.027, 2016a.
Riva, M., Da Silva Barbosa, T., Lin, Y.-H., Stone, E. A., Gold, A., and Surratt, J. D.: Chemical characterization of organosulfates in secondary organic aerosol derived from the photooxidation of alkanes, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 11001–11018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-11001-2016, 2016b.
Riva, M., Chen, Y., Zhang, Y., Lei, Z., Olson, N. E., Boyer, H. C., Narayan,
S., Yee, L. D., Green, H. S., Cui, T., Zhang, Z., Baumann, K., Fort, M.,
Edgerton, E., Budisulistiorini, S. H., Rose, C. A., Ribeiro, I. O., RL, E.
O., Dos Santos, E. O., Machado, C. M. D., Szopa, S., Zhao, Y., Alves, E. G.,
de Sa, S. S., Hu, W., Knipping, E. M., Shaw, S. L., Duvoisin Junior, S., de
Souza, R. A. F., Palm, B. B., Jimenez, J. L., Glasius, M., Goldstein, A. H.,
Pye, H. O. T., Gold, A., Turpin, B. J., Vizuete, W., Martin, S. T.,
Thornton, J. A., Dutcher, C. S., Ault, A. P., and Surratt, J. D.: Increasing
isoprene epoxydiol-to-inorganic sulfate aerosol ratio results in extensive
conversion of inorganic sulfate to organosulfur forms: implications for
aerosol physicochemical properties, Environ. Sci. Technol., 53, 8682–8694, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b01019, 2019.
Schindelka, J., Iinuma, Y., Hoffmann, D., and Herrmann, H.: Sulfate
radical-initiated formation of isoprene-derived organosulfates in
atmospheric aerosols, Faraday Discuss., 165, 237–259, https://doi.org/10.1039/c3fd00042g, 2013.
Shakya, K. M. and Peltier, R. E.: Investigating missing sources of sulfur at
Fairbanks, Alaska, Environ. Sci. Technol., 47, 9332–9338, https://doi.org/10.1021/es402020b, 2013.
Shakya, K. M. and Peltier, R. E.: Non-sulfate sulfur in fine aerosols across the United States: Insight for organosulfate prevalence, Atmos. Environ., 100, 159–166, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.10.058, 2015.
Shalamzari, M. S., Ryabtsova, O., Kahnt, A., Vermeylen, R., Herent, M. F., Quetin-Leclercq, J., Van der Veken, P., Maenhaut, W., and Claeys, M.: Mass spectrometric characterization of organosulfates related to secondary organic aerosol from isoprene, Rapid Commun. Mass Sp., 27, 784–794, https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.6511, 2013.
Shang, J., Passananti, M., Dupart, Y., Ciuraru, R., Tinel, L., Rossignol, S., Perrier, S., Zhu, T., and George, C.: SO2 uptake on oleic acid: a new formation pathway of organosulfur compounds in the atmosphere, Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett., 3, 67–72, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.6b00006, 2016.
Shi, G. L., Xu, J., Peng, X., Xiao, Z. M., Chen, K., Tian, Y. Z., Guan, X. B., Feng, Y. C., Yu, H. F., Nenes, A., and Russell, A. G.: aerosols in a polluted atmosphere: source contributions to highly acidic aerosol, Environ. Sci. Technol., 51, 4289–4296, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b05736, 2017.
Shiraiwa, M., Ammann, M., Koop, T., and Pöschl, U.: Gas uptake and chemical aging of semisolid organic aerosol particles, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 108, 11003–11008, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1103045108, 2011.
Shrivastava, M., Cappa, C. D., Fan, J. W., Goldstein, A. H., Guenther, A.
B., Jimenez, J. L., Kuang, C., Laskin, A., Martin, S. T., Ng, N. L., Petaja,
T., Pierce, J. R., Rasch, P. J., Roldin, P., Seinfeld, J. H., Shilling, J.,
Smith, J. N., Thornton, J. A., Volkamer, R., Wang, J., Worsnop, D. R.,
Zaveri, R. A., Zelenyuk, A., and Zhang, Q.: Recent advances in understanding
secondary organic aerosol: Implications for global climate forcing, Rev.
Geophys., 55, 509–559, 2017.
Song, S., Nenes, A., Gao, M., Zhang, Y., Liu, P., Shao, J., Ye, D., Xu, W., Lei, L., Sun, Y., Liu, B., Wang, S., and McElroy, M. B.: Thermodynamic modeling suggests declines in water uptake and acidity of inorganic aerosols in Beijing winter haze events during 2014/2015–2018/2019, Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett., 6, 752–760, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.9b00621, 2019.
Staudt, S., Kundu, S., Lehmler, H. J., He, X., Cui, T., Lin, Y. H., Kristensen, K., Glasius, M., Zhang, X., Weber, R. J., Surratt, J. D., and Stone, E. A.: Aromatic organosulfates in atmospheric aerosols: synthesis, characterization, and abundance, Atmos. Environ., 94, 366–373, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.05.049, 2014.
Stone, E. A., Yang, L., Yu, L. E., and Rupakheti, M.: Characterization of organosulfates in atmospheric aerosols at Four Asian locations, Atmos. Environ., 47, 323–329, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.10.058, 2012.
Surratt, J. D., Kroll, J. H., Kleindienst, T. E., Edney, E. O., Claeys, M., Sorooshian, A., Ng, N. L., Offenberg, J. H., Lewandowski, M., Jaoui, M., Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Evidence for organosulfates in secondary organic aerosol, Environ. Sci. Technol., 41, 517–527, https://doi.org/10.1021/es062081q, 2007a.
Surratt, J. D., Lewandowski, M., Offenberg, J. H., Jaoui, M., Kleindienst, T. E., Edney, E. O., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Effect of acidity on secondary organic aerosol formation from isoprene, Environ. Sci. Technol., 41, 5363–5369, https://doi.org/10.1021/es0704176, 2007b.
Surratt, J. D., Gómez-González, Y., Chan, A. W. H., Vermeylen, R., Shahgholi, M., Kleindienst, T. E., Edney, E. O., Offenberg, J. H., Lewandowski, M., Jaoui, M., Maenhaut, W., Claeys, M., Richard C. Flagan, and Seinfeld, J. H.: Organosulfate formation in biogenic secondary organic aerosol, J. Phys. Chem. A, 36, 8345–8378, 2008.
Surratt, J. D., Chan, A. W., Eddingsaas, N. C., Chan, M., Loza, C. L., Kwan, A. J., Hersey, S. P., Flagan, R. C., Wennberg, P. O., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Reactive intermediates revealed in secondary organic aerosol formation from isoprene, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 107, 6640–6645, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0911114107, 2010.
Tao, J., Zhang, L., Cao, J., and Zhang, R.: A review of current knowledge concerning PM2.5 chemical composition, aerosol optical properties and their relationships across China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 9485–9518, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-9485-2017, 2017.
Tao, S., Lu, X., Levac, N., Bateman, A. P., Nguyen, T. B., Bones, D. L.,
Nizkorodov, S. A., Laskin, J., Laskin, A., and Yang, X.: Molecular
characterization of organosulfates in organic aerosols from Shanghai and Los
Angeles urban areas by nanospray-desorption electrospray ionization
high-resolution mass spectrometry, Environ. Sci. Technol., 48, 10993–11001, https://doi.org/10.1021/es5024674, 2014.
Tolocka, M. P. and Turpin, B.: Contribution of organosulfur compounds to organic aerosol mass, Environ. Sci. Technol., 46, 7978–7983, https://doi.org/10.1021/es300651v, 2012.
Wach, P., Spolnik, G., Rudzinski, K. J., Skotak, K., Claeys, M.,
Danikiewicz, W., and Szmigielski, R.: Radical oxidation of methyl vinyl
ketone and methacrolein in aqueous droplets: characterization of
organosulfates and atmospheric implications, Chemosphere, 214, 1–9, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.09.026, 2019.
Wang, H. C., Chen, X. R., Lu, K. D., Hu, R. Z., Li, Z. Y., Wang, H. L., Ma, X. F., Yang, X. P., Chen, S. Y., Dong, H. B., Liu, Y., Fang, X., Zeng, L. M., Hu, M., and Zhang, Y. H.: NO3 and N2O5 chemistry at a suburban site during the EXPLORE-YRD campaign in 2018, Atmos. Environ., 224, 117180, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.117180, 2020.
Wang, H. L., Qiao, L. P., Lou, S. R., Zhou, M., Ding, A. J., Huang, H. Y., Chen, J. M., Wang, Q., Tao, S. K., Chen, C. H., Li, L., and Huang, C.: Chemical composition of PM2.5 and meteorological impact among three years in urban Shanghai, China, J. Clean Prod., 112, 1302–1311, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.04.099, 2016.
Wang, J. J., Lu, X. M., Yan, Y. T., Zhou, L. G., and Ma, W. C.:
Spatiotemporal characteristics of PM2.5 concentration in the Yangtze
River Delta urban agglomeration, China on the application of big data and
wavelet analysis, Sci. Total Environ., 724, 138134, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138134, 2020.
Wang, K., Zhang, Y., Huang, R. J., Wang, M., Ni, H., Kampf, C. J., Cheng, Y., Bilde, M., Glasius, M., and Hoffmann, T.: Molecular characterization and source identification of atmospheric particulate organosulfates using ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry, Environ. Sci. Technol., 53, 6192–6202, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b02628, 2019.
Wang, S. Y., Zhou, S. M., Tao, Y., Tsui, W. G., Ye, J. H., Yu, J. Z.,
Murphy, J. G., McNeill, V. F., Abbatt, J. P. D., and Chan, A. W. H.: Organic
peroxides and sulfur dioxide in aerosol: source of particulate sulfate,
Environ. Sci. Technol., 53, 10695–10704, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b02591, 2019.
Wang, X. K., Rossignol, S., Ma, Y., Yao, L., Wang, M. Y., Chen, J. M., George, C., and Wang, L.: Molecular characterization of atmospheric particulate organosulfates in three megacities at the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 2285–2298, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-2285-2016, 2016.
Wang, Y., Ren, J., Huang, X. H. H., Tong, R., and Yu, J. Z.: Synthesis of
four monoterpene-derived organosulfates and their quantification in
atmospheric aerosol samples, Environ. Sci. Technol., 51, 6791–6801, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b01179, 2017.
Wang, Y., Hu, M., Guo, S., Wang, Y., Zheng, J., Yang, Y., Zhu, W., Tang, R., Li, X., Liu, Y., Le Breton, M., Du, Z., Shang, D., Wu, Y., Wu, Z., Song, Y., Lou, S., Hallquist, M., and Yu, J.: The secondary formation of organosulfates under interactions between biogenic emissions and anthropogenic pollutants in summer in Beijing, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 10693–10713, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-10693-2018, 2018.
Wen, L., Xue, L., Wang, X., Xu, C., Chen, T., Yang, L., Wang, T., Zhang, Q., and Wang, W.: Summertime fine particulate nitrate pollution in the North China Plain: increasing trends, formation mechanisms and implications for control policy, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 11261–11275, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-11261-2018, 2018.
Worton, D. R., Surratt, J. D., Lafranchi, B. W., Chan, A. W., Zhao, Y.,
Weber, R. J., Park, J. H., Gilman, J. B., de Gouw, J., Park, C., Schade, G.,
Beaver, M., Clair, J. M., Crounse, J., Wennberg, P., Wolfe, G. M., Harrold,
S., Thornton, J. A., Farmer, D. K., Docherty, K. S., Cubison, M. J.,
Jimenez, J. L., Frossard, A. A., Russell, L. M., Kristensen, K., Glasius,
M., Mao, J., Ren, X., Brune, W., Browne, E. C., Pusede, S. E., Cohen, R. C.,
Seinfeld, J. H., and Goldstein, A. H.: Observational insights into aerosol
formation from isoprene, Environ. Sci. Technol., 47, 11403–11413, https://doi.org/10.1021/es4011064, 2013.
Yao, M., Zhao, Y., Hu, M., Huang, D., Wang, Y., Yu, J. Z., and Yan, N.: Multiphase reactions between secondary organic aerosol and sulfur dioxide: kinetics and contributions to sulfate formation and aerosol aging, Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett., 6, 768–774, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.9b00657, 2019.
Yassine, M. M., Dabek-Zlotorzynska, E., Harir, M., and Schmitt-Kopplin, P.:
Identification of weak and strong organic acids in atmospheric aerosols by
capillary electrophoresis/mass spectrometry and ultra-high-resolution
fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry, Anal. Chem.,
84, 6586–6594, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac300798g, 2012.
Zhang, H., Worton, D. R., Lewandowski, M., Ortega, J., Rubitschun, C. L.,
Park, J. H., Kristensen, K., Campuzano-Jost, P., Day, D. A., Jimenez, J. L.,
Jaoui, M., Offenberg, J. H., Kleindienst, T. E., Gilman, J., Kuster, W. C.,
de Gouw, J., Park, C., Schade, G. W., Frossard, A. A., Russell, L., Kaser,
L., Jud, W., Hansel, A., Cappellin, L., Karl, T., Glasius, M., Guenther, A.,
Goldstein, A. H., Seinfeld, J. H., Gold, A., Kamens, R. M., and Surratt, J.
D.: Organosulfates as tracers for secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation
from 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol (MBO) in the atmosphere, Environ. Sci. Technol.,
46, 9437–9446, https://doi.org/10.1021/es301648z, 2012.
Zhang, H., Zhang, Z., Cui, T., Lin, Y. H., Bhathela, N. A., Ortega, J.,
Worton, D. R., Goldstein, A. H., Guenther, A., Jimenez, J. L., Gold, A., and
Surratt, J. D.: Secondary organic aerosol formation via
2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol photooxidation: evidence of acid-catalyzed reactive
uptake of epoxides, Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett., 1, 242–247, https://doi.org/10.1021/ez500055f, 2014.
Zheng, G., Su, H., Wang, S., Andreae, M. O., Pöschl, U., and Cheng, Y.:
Multiphase buffer theory explains contrasts in atmospheric aerosol acidity,
Science, 369, 1374–1377, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aba3719, 2020.
Zhu, M., Jiang, B., Li, S., Yu, Q., Yu, X., Zhang, Y., Bi, X., Yu, J.,
George, C., Yu, Z., and Wang, X.: Organosulfur compounds formed from
heterogeneous reaction between SO2 and particulate-bound unsaturated fatty
acids in ambient air, Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett., 6, 318–322, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.9b00218, 2019.
Short summary
Organosulfates (OSs) are important constituents and tracers of secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) in the atmosphere. Here we characterized the OS species in ambient aerosols in Shanghai, China. We find that the contributions of OSs and SOAs to organic aerosols have increased in recent years and that OS production was largely controlled by the oxidant level (Ox), particularly in summer. We infer that mitigation of Ox pollution can effectively reduce the production of OSs and SOAs in eastern China.
Organosulfates (OSs) are important constituents and tracers of secondary organic aerosols (SOAs)...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint