Articles | Volume 20, issue 17
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-10149-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-10149-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
02 Sep 2020
Research article |
| 02 Sep 2020
| 02 Sep 2020
Laboratory studies of fresh and aged biomass burning aerosol emitted from east African biomass fuels – Part 1: Optical properties
Damon M. Smith
Department of Physics, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
Applied Sciences and Technology Program, North Carolina A & T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
current address: Department of Chemistry and Physics, Western Carolina University, Cullowhee, NC 28723, USA
Marc N. Fiddler
Department of Chemistry, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
Rudra P. Pokhrel
Department of Physics, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
Department of Physics, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
Related authors
Damon M. Smith, Tianqu Cui, Marc N. Fiddler, Rudra P. Pokhrel, Jason D. Surratt, and Solomon Bililign
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 10169–10191, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-10169-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-10169-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Biomass fuels used for domestic purposes in east Africa produce a significant atmospheric burden of aerosols and volatile organic compounds. The chemical properties and composition of these aerosols have not been investigated in the laboratory. In this work methanol extracts from filter samples of aerosol collected from an indoor smog chamber were analyzed to determine the chemical composition and identify the light absorption properties of organic aerosol constituents.
Damon M. Smith, Marc N. Fiddler, Kenneth G. Sexton, and Solomon Bililign
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2018-43, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2018-43, 2018
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
Biomass burning (BB) aerosols can substantially degrade air quality and climate. Smog chambers provide a controlled environment to study the formation and the evolution of these smoke particles produced from specific fuel sources of interest by isolating the influence of emissions, meteorology, and mixing effects. The NCAT Chamber is built to conduct a study of optical properties of African fuels. The paper describes the chamber construction and properties.
Amy P. Sullivan, Rudra P. Pokhrel, Yingjie Shen, Shane M. Murphy, Darin W. Toohey, Teresa Campos, Jakob Lindaas, Emily V. Fischer, and Jeffrey L. Collett Jr.
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 13389–13406, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13389-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13389-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
During the WE-CAN (Western Wildfire Experiment for Cloud Chemistry, Aerosol Absorption and Nitrogen) study, brown carbon (BrC) absorption was measured on the NSF/NCAR C-130 aircraft using a particle-into-liquid sampler and photoacoustic aerosol absorption spectrometer. Approximately 45 % of the BrC absorption in wildfires was observed to be due to water-soluble species. The ratio of BrC absorption to WSOC or ΔCO showed no clear dependence on fire dynamics or the time since emission over 9 h.
Damon M. Smith, Tianqu Cui, Marc N. Fiddler, Rudra P. Pokhrel, Jason D. Surratt, and Solomon Bililign
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 10169–10191, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-10169-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-10169-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Biomass fuels used for domestic purposes in east Africa produce a significant atmospheric burden of aerosols and volatile organic compounds. The chemical properties and composition of these aerosols have not been investigated in the laboratory. In this work methanol extracts from filter samples of aerosol collected from an indoor smog chamber were analyzed to determine the chemical composition and identify the light absorption properties of organic aerosol constituents.
Katie Foster, Rudra Pokhrel, Matthew Burkhart, and Shane Murphy
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 3351–3363, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-3351-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-3351-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
A new technique for calibrating photo-acoustic absorption spectrometers (PASs) has been developed utilizing polydisperse, highly-absorbing aerosol and a commercially available instrument that measures particle extinction and scattering. This is the first calibration technique for multi-pass PAS instruments that does not require particles with known refractive index or reactive gases. Three substances were tested: Aquadag, Regal Black, and Nigrosin. All calibrations were consistent to within 5 %.
Hunter Brown, Xiaohong Liu, Yan Feng, Yiquan Jiang, Mingxuan Wu, Zheng Lu, Chenglai Wu, Shane Murphy, and Rudra Pokhrel
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 17745–17768, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-17745-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-17745-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
In climate models, organic carbon (OC) in wildfire smoke has been treated as an atmospheric cooling component by reflecting sunlight back to space. This study incorporates the observationally identified absorbing brown carbon component of OC into the Community Earth System Model, improving the agreement between the model and observations and effectively increasing absorption of solar radiation. This change contributes to altered atmospheric dynamics and changes in cloud cover in the model.
Damon M. Smith, Marc N. Fiddler, Kenneth G. Sexton, and Solomon Bililign
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2018-43, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2018-43, 2018
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
Biomass burning (BB) aerosols can substantially degrade air quality and climate. Smog chambers provide a controlled environment to study the formation and the evolution of these smoke particles produced from specific fuel sources of interest by isolating the influence of emissions, meteorology, and mixing effects. The NCAT Chamber is built to conduct a study of optical properties of African fuels. The paper describes the chamber construction and properties.
Rudra P. Pokhrel, Eric R. Beamesderfer, Nick L. Wagner, Justin M. Langridge, Daniel A. Lack, Thilina Jayarathne, Elizabeth A. Stone, Chelsea E. Stockwell, Robert J. Yokelson, and Shane M. Murphy
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 5063–5078, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-5063-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-5063-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates enhancement of black carbon (BC) absorption in biomass burning emissions due to absorbing and non-absorbing coatings. The fraction of absorption due to BC, brown carbon (BrC), and lensing is estimated using different approaches. The similarities and differences between the results from these approaches are discussed. Absorption by BrC is shown to have good correlation with the elemental to organic carbon ratio (EC / OC) and AAE.
Sujeeta Singh, Marc N. Fiddler, and Solomon Bililign
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 13491–13507, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-13491-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-13491-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
An accurate measurement of optical properties of aerosols is critical for quantifying the effect of aerosols on climate. Uncertainties still persist and measurement results vary significantly. The factors that affect measurement accuracy and the resulting uncertainties of the extinction-minus-scattering method are evaluated using a combination of cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) and integrating nephelometry, and applied to measure the optical properties of fresh soot (size 300 and 400 nm).
Rudra P. Pokhrel, Nick L. Wagner, Justin M. Langridge, Daniel A. Lack, Thilina Jayarathne, Elizabeth A. Stone, Chelsea E. Stockwell, Robert J. Yokelson, and Shane M. Murphy
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 9549–9561, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-9549-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-9549-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This paper gives first multi-wavelength estimates of SSA and AAE of emissions from combustion of Indonesian peat. In addition, it demonstrates that SSA of biomass burning emissions can be parameterized with EC / (EC+OC) and that this parameterization is quantitatively superior to previously published parameterizations based on MCE. It also shows that EC / (EC+OC) parameterization accurately predicts SSA during the first few hours of aging of a biomass burning plume.
Related subject area
Subject: Aerosols | Research Activity: Laboratory Studies | Altitude Range: Troposphere | Science Focus: Physics (physical properties and processes)
Microphysics of liquid water in sub-10 nm ultrafine aerosol particles
Comparing the ice nucleation properties of the kaolin minerals kaolinite and halloysite
Physicochemical properties of charcoal aerosols derived from biomass pyrolysis affect their ice-nucleating abilities at cirrus and mixed-phase cloud conditions
Reconsideration of surface tension and phase state effects on cloud condensation nuclei activity based on the atomic force microscopy measurement
Technical note: Sublimation of frozen CsCl solutions in ESEM: determining the number and size of salt particles relevant to sea-salt aerosols
Hygroscopicity and CCN potential of DMS-derived aerosol particles
Hybrid water adsorption and solubility partitioning for aerosol hygroscopicity and droplet growth
Experimental development of a lake spray source function and its model implementation for Great Lakes surface emissions
The effectiveness of the coagulation sink of 3–10 nm atmospheric particles
What caused the interdecadal shift in the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) impact on dust mass concentration over northwestern South Asia?
Size dependent hygroscopicity of levoglucosan and D-glucose aerosol nanoparticles
Measurement report: An exploratory study of fluorescence and cloud condensation nuclei activity of urban aerosols in San Juan, Puerto Rico
Viscosity and physical state of sucrose mixed with ammonium sulfate droplets
Distribution and stable carbon isotopic composition of dicarboxylic acids, ketocarboxylic acids and α-dicarbonyls in fresh and aged biomass burning aerosols
Time dependence of heterogeneous ice nucleation by ambient aerosols: laboratory observations and a formulation for models
Laboratory studies of ice nucleation onto bare and internally mixed soot–sulfuric acid particles
Enhanced soot particle ice nucleation ability induced by aggregate compaction and densification
Opinion: Insights into updating Ambient Air Quality Directive 2008/50/EC
On the evolution of sub- and super-saturated water uptake of secondary organic aerosol in chamber experiments from mixed precursors
Hygroscopicity of organic compounds as a function of organic functionality, water solubility, molecular weight, and oxidation level
Particle emissions from a modern heavy-duty diesel engine as ice nuclei in immersion freezing mode: a laboratory study on fossil and renewable fuels
Comparison of saturation vapor pressures of α-pinene + O3 oxidation products derived from COSMO-RS computations and thermal desorption experiments
Physical and chemical properties of black carbon and organic matter from different combustion and photochemical sources using aerodynamic aerosol classification
Technical note: Pyrolysis principles explain time-resolved organic aerosol release from biomass burning
The effect of (NH4)2SO4 on the freezing properties of non-mineral dust ice-nucleating substances of atmospheric relevance
Heterogeneous ice nucleation ability of aerosol particles generated from Arctic sea surface microlayer and surface seawater samples at cirrus temperatures
Aerosol formation and growth rates from chamber experiments using Kalman smoothing
Phase state of secondary organic aerosol in chamber photo-oxidation of mixed precursors
Ice nucleation on surrogates of boreal forest SOA particles: effect of water content and oxidative age
Viscosity and phase state of aerosol particles consisting of sucrose mixed with inorganic salts
Observations on hygroscopic growth and phase transitions of mixed 1, 2, 6-hexanetriol ∕ (NH4)2SO4 particles: investigation of the liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) dynamic process and mechanism and secondary LLPS during the dehumidification
Boundary layer structure characteristics under objective classification of persistent pollution weather types in the Beijing area
Properties and emission factors of cloud condensation nuclei from biomass cookstoves – observations of a strong dependency on potassium content in the fuel
Measurement report: Effects of NOx and seed aerosol on highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs) from cyclohexene ozonolysis
Interactions of organosulfates with water vapor under sub- and supersaturated conditions
Laboratory study of the collection efficiency of submicron aerosol particles by cloud droplets – Part I: Influence of relative humidity
Size-resolved atmospheric ice-nucleating particles during East Asian dust events
Aqueous-phase behavior of glyoxal and methylglyoxal observed with carbon and oxygen K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy
Brown carbon's emission factors and optical characteristics in household biomass burning: developing a novel algorithm for estimating the contribution of brown carbon
Effect of mixing structure on the water uptake of mixtures of ammonium sulfate and phthalic acid particles
Toward closure between predicted and observed particle viscosity over a wide range of temperatures and relative humidity
The effects of morphology, mobility size, and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) material coating on the ice nucleation activity of black carbon in the cirrus regime
The ice-nucleating activity of Arctic sea surface microlayer samples and marine algal cultures
Comparing secondary organic aerosol (SOA) volatility distributions derived from isothermal SOA particle evaporation data and FIGAERO–CIMS measurements
Enhanced growth rate of atmospheric particles from sulfuric acid
Composition and volatility of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formed from oxidation of real tree emissions compared to simplified volatile organic compound (VOC) systems
Effects of SO2 on optical properties of secondary organic aerosol generated from photooxidation of toluene under different relative humidity conditions
Influence of the dry aerosol particle size distribution and morphology on the cloud condensation nuclei activation. An experimental and theoretical investigation
Experimental investigation into the volatilities of highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs)
Detection of tar brown carbon with a single particle soot photometer (SP2)
Xiaohan Li and Ian C. Bourg
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 2525–2556, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2525-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2525-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol particles with sizes smaller than 50 nm impact cloud formation and precipitation. Representation of this effect is hindered by limited understanding of the properties of liquid water in these particles. Our simulations of aerosol particles containing salt or organic compounds reveal that water enters a less cohesive phase at droplet sizes below 4 nm. This effect causes important deviations from theoretical predictions of aerosol properties, including phase state and hygroscopic growth.
Kristian Klumpp, Claudia Marcolli, Ana Alonso-Hellweg, Christopher H. Dreimol, and Thomas Peter
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 1579–1598, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1579-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1579-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The prerequisites of a particle surface for efficient ice nucleation are still poorly understood. This study compares the ice nucleation activity of two chemically identical but morphologically different minerals (kaolinite and halloysite). We observe, on average, not only higher ice nucleation activities for halloysite than kaolinite but also higher diversity between individual samples. We identify the particle edges as being the most likely site for ice nucleation.
Fabian Mahrt, Carolin Rösch, Kunfeng Gao, Christopher H. Dreimol, Maria A. Zawadowicz, and Zamin A. Kanji
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 1285–1308, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1285-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1285-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Major aerosol types emitted by biomass burning include soot, ash, and charcoal particles. Here, we investigated the ice nucleation activity of 400 nm size-selected particles of two different pyrolyis-derived charcoal types in the mixed phase and cirrus cloud regime. We find that ice nucleation is constrained to cirrus cloud conditions, takes place via pore condensation and freezing, and is largely governed by the particle porosity and mineral content.
Chun Xiong, Xueyan Chen, Xiaolei Ding, Binyu Kuang, Xiangyu Pei, Zhengning Xu, Shikuan Yang, Huan Hu, and Zhibin Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 16123–16135, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-16123-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-16123-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Water surface tension is applied widely in current aerosol–cloud models but could be inappropriate in the presence of atmospheric surfactants. With cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activity and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurement results of mixed inorganic salt and dicarboxylic acid particles, we concluded that surface tension reduction and phase state should be carefully considered in aerosol–cloud interactions. Our results could help to decease uncertainties in climate models.
Ľubica Vetráková, Vilém Neděla, Kamila Závacká, Xin Yang, and Dominik Heger
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-684, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-684, 2022
Revised manuscript accepted for ACP
Short summary
Short summary
Salt aerosols are important to polar atmospheric chemistry and global climate. Therefore, we utilized a unique electron microscope to identify the most suitable conditions for formation of the small salt (CsCl) particles, proxies of the aerosols, from sublimating salty snow. Very low sublimation temperature and low salt concentration are needed for formation of such particles. These observations may help us to better understood polar spring ozone depletion and bromine explosion events.
Bernadette Rosati, Sini Isokääntä, Sigurd Christiansen, Mads Mørk Jensen, Shamjad P. Moosakutty, Robin Wollesen de Jonge, Andreas Massling, Marianne Glasius, Jonas Elm, Annele Virtanen, and Merete Bilde
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 13449–13466, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13449-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13449-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Sulfate aerosols have a strong influence on climate. Due to the reduction in sulfur-based fossil fuels, natural sulfur emissions play an increasingly important role. Studies investigating the climate relevance of natural sulfur aerosols are scarce. We study the water uptake of such particles in the laboratory, demonstrating a high potential to take up water and form cloud droplets. During atmospheric transit, chemical processing affects the particles’ composition and thus their water uptake.
Kanishk Gohil, Chun-Ning Mao, Dewansh Rastogi, Chao Peng, Mingjin Tang, and Akua Asa-Awuku
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 12769–12787, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12769-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12769-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The Hybrid Activity Model (HAM) is a promising new droplet growth model that can be potentially used for the analysis of any type of atmospheric compound. HAM may potentially improve the representation of hygroscopicity of organic aerosols in large-scale global climate models (GCMs), hence reducing the uncertainties in the climate forcing due to the aerosol indirect effect.
Charbel Harb and Hosein Foroutan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 11759–11779, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11759-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11759-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A model representation of lake spray aerosol (LSA) ejection from freshwater breaking waves is crucial for understanding their climatic and public health impacts. We develop an LSA emission parameterization and implement it in an atmospheric model to investigate Great Lakes surface emissions. We find that the same breaking wave is likely to produce fewer aerosols in freshwater than in saltwater and that Great Lakes emissions influence the regional aerosol burden and can reach the cloud layer.
Runlong Cai, Ella Häkkinen, Chao Yan, Jingkun Jiang, Markku Kulmala, and Juha Kangasluoma
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 11529–11541, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11529-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11529-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The influences of new particle formation on the climate and air quality are governed by particle survival, which has been under debate due to uncertainties in the coagulation sink. Here we measure the coagulation coefficient of sub-10 nm particles and demonstrate that collisions between the freshly nucleated and background particles can effectively lead to coagulation. We further show that the effective coagulation sink is consistent with the new particle formation measured in urban Beijing.
Lamei Shi, Jiahua Zhang, Da Zhang, Jingwen Wang, Xianglei Meng, Yuqin Liu, and Fengmei Yao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 11255–11274, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11255-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11255-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Dust impacts climate and human life. Analyzing the interdecadal change in dust activity and its influence factors is crucial for disaster mitigation. Based on a linear regression method, this study revealed the interdecadal variability of relationships between ENSO and dust over northwestern South Asia from 1982 to 2014 and analyzed the effects of atmospheric factors on this interdecadal variability. The result sheds new light on numerical simulation involving the interdecadal variation of dust.
Ting Lei, Hang Su, Nan Ma, Ulrich Pöschl, Alfred Wiedensohler, and Yafang Cheng
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-544, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-544, 2022
Preprint under review for ACP
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the hygroscopic behavior of levoglucosan and D-glucose nanoparticles using a nano-HTDMA. There is a weak size dependence of hygroscopic growth factor of levoglucosan and D-glucose with diameters down to 20 nm, while a strong size dependence of the hygroscopic growth factor of D-glucose has been clearly observed in the size range from 6 to 20 nm. The use of the DKA method leads to good agreement with hygroscopic growth factor of glucose nanoparticles with diameters down to 6 nm.
Bighnaraj Sarangi, Darrel Baumgardner, Benjamin Bolaños-Rosero, and Olga L. Mayol-Bracero
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 9647–9661, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9647-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9647-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Here, the fluorescent characteristics and cloud-forming efficiency of aerosols at an urban site in Puerto Rico are discussed. The results from this pilot study highlight the capabilities of ultraviolet-induced fluorescence (UV-IF) measurements for characterizing the properties of fluorescing aerosol particles, as they relate to the daily evolution of primary biological aerosol particles. This work has established a database of measurements on which future, longer-term studies will be initiated.
Rani Jeong, Joseph Lilek, Andreas Zuend, Rongshuang Xu, Man Nin Chan, Dohyun Kim, Hi Gyu Moon, and Mijung Song
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 8805–8817, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8805-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8805-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, the viscosities of particles of sucrose–H2O, AS–H2O, and sucrose–AS–H2O for OIRs of 4:1, 1:1, and 1:4 for decreasing RH, were quantified by poke-and-flow and bead-mobility techniques at 293 ± 1 K. Based on the viscosity results, the particles of binary and ternary systems ranged from liquid to semisolid, and even the solid state depending on the RH. Moreover, we compared the measured viscosities of ternary systems to the predicted viscosities with excellent agreement.
Minxia Shen, Kin Fai Ho, Wenting Dai, Suixin Liu, Ting Zhang, Qiyuan Wang, Jingjing Meng, Judith C. Chow, John G. Watson, Junji Cao, and Jianjun Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 7489–7504, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7489-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7489-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Looking at characteristics and δ13C compositions of dicarboxylic acids and related compounds in BB aerosols, we used a combined combustion and aging system to generate fresh and aged aerosols from burning straw. The results showed the emission factors (EFaged) of total diacids of aging experiments were around an order of magnitude higher than EFfresh. This meant that dicarboxylic acids are involved with secondary photochemical processes in the atmosphere rather than primary emissions from BB.
Jonas K. F. Jakobsson, Deepak B. Waman, Vaughan T. J. Phillips, and Thomas Bjerring Kristensen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 6717–6748, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6717-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6717-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Long-lived cold-layer clouds at subzero temperatures are observed to be remarkably persistent in their generation of ice particles and snow precipitation. There is uncertainty about why this is so. This motivates the present lab study to observe the long-term ice-nucleating ability of aerosol samples from the real troposphere. Time dependence of their ice nucleation is observed to be weak in lab experiments exposing the samples to isothermal conditions for up to about 10 h.
Kunfeng Gao, Chong-Wen Zhou, Eszter J. Barthazy Meier, and Zamin A. Kanji
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 5331–5364, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5331-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5331-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Incomplete combustion of fossil fuel produces carbonaceous particles called soot. These particles can affect cloud formation by acting as centres for droplet or ice formation. The atmospheric residence time of soot particles is of the order of days to weeks, which can result in them becoming coated by various trace species in the atmosphere such as acids. In this study, we quantify the cirrus cloud-forming ability of soot particles coated with the atmospherically ubiquitous sulfuric acid.
Kunfeng Gao, Franz Friebel, Chong-Wen Zhou, and Zamin A. Kanji
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 4985–5016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4985-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4985-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Soot particles impact cloud formation and radiative properties in the upper atmosphere where aircraft emit carbonaceous particles. We use cloud chambers to mimic the upper atmosphere temperature and humidity to test the influence of the morphology of the soot particles on ice cloud formation. For particles larger than 200 nm, the compacted (densified) samples have a higher affinity for ice crystal formation in the cirrus regime than the fluffy (un-compacted) soot particles of the same sample.
Joel Kuula, Hilkka Timonen, Jarkko V. Niemi, Hanna E. Manninen, Topi Rönkkö, Tareq Hussein, Pak Lun Fung, Sasu Tarkoma, Mikko Laakso, Erkka Saukko, Aino Ovaska, Markku Kulmala, Ari Karppinen, Lasse Johansson, and Tuukka Petäjä
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 4801–4808, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4801-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4801-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Modern and up-to-date policies and air quality management strategies are instrumental in tackling global air pollution. As the European Union is preparing to revise Ambient Air Quality Directive 2008/50/EC, this paper initiates discussion on selected features of the directive that we believe would benefit from a reassessment. The scientific community has the most recent and deepest understanding of air pollution; thus, its contribution is essential.
Yu Wang, Aristeidis Voliotis, Dawei Hu, Yunqi Shao, Mao Du, Ying Chen, Judith Kleinheins, Claudia Marcolli, M. Rami Alfarra, and Gordon McFiggans
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 4149–4166, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4149-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4149-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol water uptake plays a key role in atmospheric physicochemical processes. We designed chamber experiments on aerosol water uptake of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from mixed biogenic and anthropogenic precursors with inorganic seed. Our results highlight this chemical composition influences the reconciliation of the sub- and super-saturated water uptake, providing laboratory evidence for understanding the chemical controls of water uptake of the multi-component aerosol.
Shuang Han, Juan Hong, Qingwei Luo, Hanbing Xu, Haobo Tan, Qiaoqiao Wang, Jiangchuan Tao, Yaqing Zhou, Long Peng, Yao He, Jingnan Shi, Nan Ma, Yafang Cheng, and Hang Su
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 3985–4004, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3985-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3985-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We present the hygroscopicity of 23 organic species with different physicochemical properties using a hygroscopicity tandem differential mobility analyzer (HTDMA) and compare the results with previous studies. Based on the hygroscopicity parameter κ, the influence of different physicochemical properties that potentially drive hygroscopicity, such as the functionality, water solubility, molar volume, and O : C ratio of organics, are examined separately.
Kimmo Korhonen, Thomas Bjerring Kristensen, John Falk, Vilhelm B. Malmborg, Axel Eriksson, Louise Gren, Maja Novakovic, Sam Shamun, Panu Karjalainen, Lassi Markkula, Joakim Pagels, Birgitta Svenningsson, Martin Tunér, Mika Komppula, Ari Laaksonen, and Annele Virtanen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 1615–1631, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1615-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1615-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated the ice-nucleating abilities of particulate emissions from a modern diesel engine using the portable ice-nuclei counter SPIN, a continuous-flow diffusion chamber instrument. Three different fuels were studied without blending, including fossil diesel and two renewable fuels, testing different emission aftertreatment systems and photochemical aging. We found that the diesel emissions were inefficient ice nuclei, and aging had no or little effect on their ice-nucleating abilities.
Noora Hyttinen, Iida Pullinen, Aki Nissinen, Siegfried Schobesberger, Annele Virtanen, and Taina Yli-Juuti
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 1195–1208, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1195-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1195-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Accurate saturation vapor pressure estimates of atmospherically relevant organic compounds are critical for modeling secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation. We investigated vapor pressures of highly oxygenated SOA constituents using state-of-the-art computational and experimental methods. We found a good agreement between low and extremely low vapor pressures estimated using the two methods, and the smallest molecules detected in our experiment were likely products of thermal decomposition.
Dawei Hu, M. Rami Alfarra, Kate Szpek, Justin M. Langridge, Michael I. Cotterell, Claire Belcher, Ian Rule, Zixia Liu, Chenjie Yu, Yunqi Shao, Aristeidis Voliotis, Mao Du, Brett Smith, Greg Smallwood, Prem Lobo, Dantong Liu, Jim M. Haywood, Hugh Coe, and James D. Allan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 16161–16182, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16161-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16161-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Here, we developed new techniques for investigating these properties in the laboratory and applied these to BC and BrC from different sources, including diesel exhaust, inverted propane flame and wood combustion. These have allowed us to quantify the changes in shape and chemical composition of different soots according to source and variables such as the moisture content of wood.
Mariam Fawaz, Anita Avery, Timothy B. Onasch, Leah R. Williams, and Tami C. Bond
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 15605–15618, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15605-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15605-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Biomass burning is responsible for 90 % of the emissions of primary organic aerosols to the atmosphere. Emissions from biomass burning sources are considered chaotic. In this work, we developed a controlled experimental approach to understand the controlling factors in emission. Our results showed that emissions are repeatable and deterministic and that emissions from wood can be constrained.
Soleil E. Worthy, Anand Kumar, Yu Xi, Jingwei Yun, Jessie Chen, Cuishan Xu, Victoria E. Irish, Pierre Amato, and Allan K. Bertram
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 14631–14648, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14631-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14631-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We studied the effect of (NH4)2SO4 on the immersion freezing of non-mineral dust ice-nucleating substances (INSs) and mineral dusts. (NH4)2SO4 had no effect on the median freezing temperature of 9 of the 10 tested non-mineral dust INSs, slightly decreased that of the other, and increased that of all the mineral dusts. The difference in the response of mineral dust and non-mineral dust INSs to (NH4)2SO4 suggests that they nucleate ice and/or interact with (NH4)2SO4 via different mechanisms.
Robert Wagner, Luisa Ickes, Allan K. Bertram, Nora Els, Elena Gorokhova, Ottmar Möhler, Benjamin J. Murray, Nsikanabasi Silas Umo, and Matthew E. Salter
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 13903–13930, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13903-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13903-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Sea spray aerosol particles are a mixture of inorganic salts and organic matter from phytoplankton organisms. At low temperatures in the upper troposphere, both inorganic and organic constituents can induce the formation of ice crystals and thereby impact cloud properties and climate. In this study, we performed experiments in a cloud simulation chamber with particles produced from Arctic seawater samples to quantify the relative contribution of inorganic and organic species in ice formation.
Matthew Ozon, Dominik Stolzenburg, Lubna Dada, Aku Seppänen, and Kari E. J. Lehtinen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 12595–12611, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-12595-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-12595-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Measuring the rate at which aerosol particles are formed is of importance for understanding climate change. We present an analysis method based on Kalman smoothing, which retrieves new particle formation and growth rates from size-distribution measurements. We apply it to atmospheric simulation chamber experiments and show that it agrees well with traditional methods. In addition, it provides reliable uncertainty estimates, and we suggest instrument design optimisation for signal processing.
Yu Wang, Aristeidis Voliotis, Yunqi Shao, Taomou Zong, Xiangxinyue Meng, Mao Du, Dawei Hu, Ying Chen, Zhijun Wu, M. Rami Alfarra, and Gordon McFiggans
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 11303–11316, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11303-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11303-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol phase behaviour plays a profound role in atmospheric physicochemical processes. We designed dedicated chamber experiments to study the phase state of secondary organic aerosol from biogenic and anthropogenic mixed precursors. Our results highlight the key role of the organic–inorganic ratio and relative humidity in phase state, but the sources and organic composition are less important. The result provides solid laboratory evidence for understanding aerosol phase in a complex atmosphere.
Ana A. Piedehierro, André Welti, Angela Buchholz, Kimmo Korhonen, Iida Pullinen, Ilkka Summanen, Annele Virtanen, and Ari Laaksonen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 11069–11078, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11069-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11069-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Ice crystals in cirrus clouds contain particles that start ice formation. We study whether particles forming above boreal forests can help in the making of cirrus clouds and if the water content in the particles affects this property. In the laboratory, we made boreal-forest-like particles and cooled and humidified them to measure whether an ice crystal develops. We found that only when dry can these particles form an ice crystal but no better than solution droplets.
Young-Chul Song, Joseph Lilek, Jae Bong Lee, Man Nin Chan, Zhijun Wu, Andreas Zuend, and Mijung Song
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 10215–10228, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10215-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10215-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We report viscosity of binary mixtures of organic material / H2O and inorganic salts / H2O, as well as ternary mixtures of organic material / inorganic salts/ H2O, over the atmospheric relative humidity (RH) range. The viscosity measurements indicate that the studied mixed organic–inorganic particles range in phase state from liquid to semi-solid or even solid across the atmospheric RH range at a temperature of 293 K.
Shuaishuai Ma, Zhe Chen, Shufeng Pang, and Yunhong Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 9705–9717, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-9705-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-9705-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
LLPS, efflorescence and deliquescence of aerosol particles can be observed visually and determined quantitatively. Different LLPS mechanisms may dominate successively in mixed organic–inorganic particles. The formation of more concentrated inorganic inclusions may cause secondary LLPS. Furthermore, high inorganic factions may result in an inorganic salt crust enclosing the separated organic phases.
Zhaobin Sun, Xiujuan Zhao, Ziming Li, Guiqian Tang, and Shiguang Miao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 8863–8882, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8863-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8863-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Different weather types will shape significantly different structures of the pollution boundary layer. The findings of this study allow us to understand the inherent difference among heavy pollution boundary layers; in addition, they reveal the formation mechanism of haze pollution from an integrated synoptic-scale and boundary layer structure perspective.
Thomas Bjerring Kristensen, John Falk, Robert Lindgren, Christina Andersen, Vilhelm B. Malmborg, Axel C. Eriksson, Kimmo Korhonen, Ricardo Luis Carvalho, Christoffer Boman, Joakim Pagels, and Birgitta Svenningsson
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 8023–8044, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8023-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8023-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Residential biomass combustion is a major anthropogenic source of aerosol particles on regional and global scales. Nevertheless, little is known about those aerosol particles' ability to act as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and thus influence cloud properties and climate. Our study shows a strong link between the potassium content in the fuel and emissions of CCN for different stove technologies. Previous studies may have underestimated the anthropogenic climate impact of these emissions.
Meri Räty, Otso Peräkylä, Matthieu Riva, Lauriane Quéléver, Olga Garmash, Matti Rissanen, and Mikael Ehn
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 7357–7372, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7357-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7357-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Cyclohexene resembles certain relatively complex compounds in the atmosphere that through oxidation produce vapours that take part in aerosol formation. We studied the highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs) formed in cyclohexene ozonolysis, the relationship between their chemical composition and their tendency to condense onto seed aerosol, as well as the effect of NOx pollutants on their signals. Two existing models were also tested for their ability to predict the volatility of the HOMs.
Chao Peng, Patricia N. Razafindrambinina, Kotiba A. Malek, Lanxiadi Chen, Weigang Wang, Ru-Jin Huang, Yuqing Zhang, Xiang Ding, Maofa Ge, Xinming Wang, Akua A. Asa-Awuku, and Mingjin Tang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 7135–7148, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7135-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7135-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Organosulfates are important constituents in tropospheric aerosol particles, but their hygroscopic properties and cloud condensation nuclei activities are not well understood. In our work, three complementary techniques were employed to investigate the interactions of 11 organosulfates with water vapor under sub- and supersaturated conditions.
Alexis Dépée, Pascal Lemaitre, Thomas Gelain, Marie Monier, and Andrea Flossmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 6945–6962, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6945-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6945-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Present article describe a new In-Cloud Aerosol Scavenging Experiment (In-CASE) that has been conceived to measure the collection efficiency of submicron aerosol particles by cloud droplets. The present article focuses on the influence of phoretic effects on the collection efficiency.
Jingchuan Chen, Zhijun Wu, Jie Chen, Naama Reicher, Xin Fang, Yinon Rudich, and Min Hu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 3491–3506, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3491-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3491-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Asian mineral dust is a crucial contributor to global ice-nucleating particles (INPs), while its size-resolved information on freezing activity is extremely rare. Here we conducted the first known INP measurements of size-resolved airborne East Asian dust particles. An explicit size dependence of both INP concentration and surface
ice-active-site density was observed. The new parameterizations can be widely applied in models to better characterize and predict ice nucleation activities of dust.
Georgia Michailoudi, Jack J. Lin, Hayato Yuzawa, Masanari Nagasaka, Marko Huttula, Nobuhiro Kosugi, Theo Kurtén, Minna Patanen, and Nønne L. Prisle
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 2881–2894, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2881-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2881-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides insight into hydration of two significant atmospheric compounds, glyoxal and methylglyoxal. Using synchrotron radiation excited X-ray absorption spectroscopy, we confirm that glyoxal is fully hydrated in water, and for the first time, we experimentally detect enol structures in aqueous methylglyoxal. Our results support the contribution of these compounds to secondary organic aerosol formation, known to have a large uncertainty in atmospheric models and climate predictions.
Jianzhong Sun, Yuzhe Zhang, Guorui Zhi, Regina Hitzenberger, Wenjing Jin, Yingjun Chen, Lei Wang, Chongguo Tian, Zhengying Li, Rong Chen, Wen Xiao, Yuan Cheng, Wei Yang, Liying Yao, Yang Cao, Duo Huang, Yueyuan Qiu, Jiali Xu, Xiaofei Xia, Xin Yang, Xi Zhang, Zheng Zong, Yuchun Song, and Changdong Wu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 2329–2341, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2329-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2329-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Brown carbon (BrC) emission factors from household biomass fuels were measured with an integrating sphere optics approach supported by iterative calculations. A novel algorithm to directly estimate the absorption contribution of BrC relative to that of BrC + black carbon (FBrC) was proposed based purely on the absorption exponent (AAE)
(FBrC = 0.5519 lnAAE + 0.0067). The FBrC for household biomass fuels was as high as 50.8 % across the strongest solar spectral range of 350−850 nm.
Weigang Wang, Ting Lei, Andreas Zuend, Hang Su, Yafang Cheng, Yajun Shi, Maofa Ge, and Mingyuan Liu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 2179–2190, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2179-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2179-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol mixing state regulates the interactions between water molecules and particles and thus controls aerosol activation and hygroscopic growth, which thereby influences visibility degradation, cloud formation, and its radiative forcing. However, there are few studies attempting to investigate their interactions with water molecules. Here, we investigated the effect of organic coatings on the hygroscopic behavior of the inorganic core.
Sabin Kasparoglu, Ying Li, Manabu Shiraiwa, and Markus D. Petters
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 1127–1141, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-1127-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-1127-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Viscosity is important because it determines the lifetime, impact, and fate of particulate matter. We collected new data to rigorously test a framework that is used to constrain the phase state in global simulations. We find that the framework is accurate as long as appropriate compound specific inputs are available.
Cuiqi Zhang, Yue Zhang, Martin J. Wolf, Leonid Nichman, Chuanyang Shen, Timothy B. Onasch, Longfei Chen, and Daniel J. Cziczo
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 13957–13984, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-13957-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-13957-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Black carbon (BC) is considered the second most important global warming agent. However, the role of BC aerosol–cloud–climate interactions in the cirrus formation remains uncertain. Our study of selected BC types and sizes suggests that increases in diameter, compactness, and/or surface oxidation of BC particles lead to more efficient ice nucleation (IN) via pore condensation freezing (PCF) pathways，and that coatings of common secondary organic aerosol (SOA) materials can inhibit ice formation.
Luisa Ickes, Grace C. E. Porter, Robert Wagner, Michael P. Adams, Sascha Bierbauer, Allan K. Bertram, Merete Bilde, Sigurd Christiansen, Annica M. L. Ekman, Elena Gorokhova, Kristina Höhler, Alexei A. Kiselev, Caroline Leck, Ottmar Möhler, Benjamin J. Murray, Thea Schiebel, Romy Ullrich, and Matthew E. Salter
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 11089–11117, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-11089-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-11089-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The Arctic is a region where aerosols are scarce. Sea spray might be a potential source of aerosols acting as ice-nucleating particles. We investigate two common phytoplankton species (Melosira arctica and Skeletonema marinoi) and present their ice nucleation activity in comparison with Arctic seawater microlayer samples from different field campaigns. We also aim to understand the aerosolization process of marine biological samples and the potential effect on the ice nucleation activity.
Olli-Pekka Tikkanen, Angela Buchholz, Arttu Ylisirniö, Siegfried Schobesberger, Annele Virtanen, and Taina Yli-Juuti
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 10441–10458, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-10441-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-10441-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We compared the volatility distributions of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) constituents estimated from isothermal evaporation experiments from either particle size change data, by process modelling and global optimization, or from mass spectrometer data with positive matrix factorization analysis. Our results show that, despite the two very different estimation methods, the volatility distributions are comparable if uncertainties are taken into account.
Dominik Stolzenburg, Mario Simon, Ananth Ranjithkumar, Andreas Kürten, Katrianne Lehtipalo, Hamish Gordon, Sebastian Ehrhart, Henning Finkenzeller, Lukas Pichelstorfer, Tuomo Nieminen, Xu-Cheng He, Sophia Brilke, Mao Xiao, António Amorim, Rima Baalbaki, Andrea Baccarini, Lisa Beck, Steffen Bräkling, Lucía Caudillo Murillo, Dexian Chen, Biwu Chu, Lubna Dada, António Dias, Josef Dommen, Jonathan Duplissy, Imad El Haddad, Lukas Fischer, Loic Gonzalez Carracedo, Martin Heinritzi, Changhyuk Kim, Theodore K. Koenig, Weimeng Kong, Houssni Lamkaddam, Chuan Ping Lee, Markus Leiminger, Zijun Li, Vladimir Makhmutov, Hanna E. Manninen, Guillaume Marie, Ruby Marten, Tatjana Müller, Wei Nie, Eva Partoll, Tuukka Petäjä, Joschka Pfeifer, Maxim Philippov, Matti P. Rissanen, Birte Rörup, Siegfried Schobesberger, Simone Schuchmann, Jiali Shen, Mikko Sipilä, Gerhard Steiner, Yuri Stozhkov, Christian Tauber, Yee Jun Tham, António Tomé, Miguel Vazquez-Pufleau, Andrea C. Wagner, Mingyi Wang, Yonghong Wang, Stefan K. Weber, Daniela Wimmer, Peter J. Wlasits, Yusheng Wu, Qing Ye, Marcel Zauner-Wieczorek, Urs Baltensperger, Kenneth S. Carslaw, Joachim Curtius, Neil M. Donahue, Richard C. Flagan, Armin Hansel, Markku Kulmala, Jos Lelieveld, Rainer Volkamer, Jasper Kirkby, and Paul M. Winkler
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 7359–7372, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-7359-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-7359-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Sulfuric acid is a major atmospheric vapour for aerosol formation. If new particles grow fast enough, they can act as cloud droplet seeds or affect air quality. In a controlled laboratory set-up, we demonstrate that van der Waals forces enhance growth from sulfuric acid. We disentangle the effects of ammonia, ions and particle hydration, presenting a complete picture of sulfuric acid growth from molecular clusters onwards. In a climate model, we show its influence on the global aerosol budget.
Arttu Ylisirniö, Angela Buchholz, Claudia Mohr, Zijun Li, Luis Barreira, Andrew Lambe, Celia Faiola, Eetu Kari, Taina Yli-Juuti, Sergey A. Nizkorodov, Douglas R. Worsnop, Annele Virtanen, and Siegfried Schobesberger
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 5629–5644, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-5629-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-5629-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We studied the chemical composition and volatility of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) particles formed from emissions of Scots pines and compared those results to SOA formed from α-pinene and from a sesquiterpene mixture. We found that SOA formed from single precursors cannot capture the properties of SOA formed from real plant emissions.
Wenyu Zhang, Weigang Wang, Junling Li, Chao Peng, Kun Li, Li Zhou, Bo Shi, Yan Chen, Mingyuan Liu, and Maofa Ge
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 4477–4492, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-4477-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-4477-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated the effect of SO2 under different humidities on optical properties of toluene-derived SOA under four conditions with CRDs and PAX at 532 and 375 nm, respectively. Our results showed that SO2 under different humidities can change the refractive complex index of toluene SOA by influencing the multiphase processes and altering the aerosol chemical compositions. Different atmospheric conditions could affect the properties of toluene SOA, as well as the global radiative balance.
Junteng Wu, Alessandro Faccinetto, Symphorien Grimonprez, Sébastien Batut, Jérôme Yon, Pascale Desgroux, and Denis Petitprez
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 4209–4225, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-4209-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-4209-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Soot particles released during anthropogenic activities may lead to positive direct or negative indirect climate forcing depending on their aging in the atmosphere. The latter occurs whenever soot particles act as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and trigger the formation of persistent clouds. Herein, we investigate the impact of the size distribution and morphology of freshly emitted soot particles on their aging process and propose a model to quantitatively predict their efficiency as CCN.
Otso Peräkylä, Matthieu Riva, Liine Heikkinen, Lauriane Quéléver, Pontus Roldin, and Mikael Ehn
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 649–669, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-649-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-649-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Highly oxygenated organic molecules have been suggested to form a large part of secondary organic aerosol. However, with their exotic structures, their volatilities are not well known, making their exact role in particle formation hard to assess. In laboratory experiments, we found the volatility of HOMs formed in the ozonolysis of the monoterpene alpha-pinene to be in the middle of earlier estimates. The volatilities of HOMs could be well explained in terms of their molecular formulae.
Joel C. Corbin and Martin Gysel-Beer
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 15673–15690, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-15673-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-15673-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We review the literature to refine the definition of "tar balls" (or tar particles). Then, using a marine-engine data set, we show that a standard SP2 can identify tar particles in two ways, as evaporating and non-incandescing (30 % of tar particles by number) or incandescing particles which scatter more light than soot at incandescence (70 % of tar particles by number). To our knowledge, no other technique can provide in situ, real-time evidence for the presence of tar particles in an aerosol.
Cited articles
Akagi, S. K., Craven, J. S., Taylor, J. W., McMeeking, G. R., Yokelson, R. J., Burling, I. R., Urbanski, S. P., Wold, C. E., Seinfeld, J. H., Coe, H.,
Alvarado, M. J., and Weise, D. R.: Evolution of trace gases and particles
emitted by a chaparral fire in California, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 1397–1421, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-1397-2012, 2012.
Andreae, M. O. and Merlet, P.: Emission of trace gases and aerosols from
biomass burning, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 15, 955–966, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000GB001382, 2001.
Babar, Z. B., Park, J.-H., Kang, J., and Lim, H.-J.: Characterization of a
Smog Chamber for Studying Formation and Physicochemical Properties of Secondary Organic Aerosol, Aerosol Air Qual. Res., 16, 3102–3113,
https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2015.10.0580, 2016.
Bahadur, R., Praveen, P. S., Xu, Y., and Ramanathan, V.: Solar absorption by
elemental and brown carbon determined from spectral observations, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 109, 17366–17371, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1205910109, 2012.
Bank, W.: More People Have Access to Electricity Than Ever Before, but World
Is Falling Short of Sustainable Energy Goals, World Bank, 2019.
Bond, T. C. and Bergstrom, R. W.: Light Absorption by Carbonaceous Particles: An Investigative Review, Aerosol Sci. Tech., 40, 27–67, https://doi.org/10.1080/02786820500421521, 2006.
Bond, T. C., Anderson, T. L., and Campbell, D.: Calibration and intercomparison of filter-based measurements of visible light absorption by
aerosols, Aerosol Sci. Tech., 30, 582-600, https://doi.org/10.1080/027868299304435, 1999.
Bond, T. C., Streets, D. G., Yarber, K. F., Nelson, S. M., Woo, J.-H., and
Klimont, Z.: A technology-based global inventory of black and organic carbon
emissions from combustion, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 109, D14203, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JD003697, 2004.
Bond, T. C., Bhardwaj, E., Dong, R., Jogani, R., Jung, S., Roden, C., Streets, D. G., and Trautmann, N. M.: Historical emissions of black and
organic carbon aerosol from energy-related combustion, 1850–2000, Global
Biogeochem. Cy., 21, GB2018, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GB002840, 2007.
Bond, T. C., Zarzycki, C., Flanner, M. G., and Koch, D. M.: Quantifying
immediate radiative forcing by black carbon and organic matter with the Specific Forcing Pulse, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 1505–1525,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-1505-2011, 2011.
Boucher, O., Randall, D., Artaxo, P., Bretherton, C., Feingold, G., Forster, P., Kerminen, V.-M., Kondo, Y., Liao, H., Lohmann, U., Rasch, P., Satheesh, S. K., Sherwood, S., Stevens, B., and Zhang, X. Y.: Clouds and Aerosols, in: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis, Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, edited by: Stocker, T. F., Qin, D., Plattner, G.-K., Tignor, M., Allen, S. K., Boschung, J., Nauels, A., Xia, Y., Bex, V., and Midgley, P. M., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA, 2013.
Brown, H., Liu, X., Feng, Y., Jiang, Y., Wu, M., Lu, Z., Wu, C., Murphy, S.,
and Pokhrel, R.: Radiative effect and climate impacts of brown carbon with
the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM5), Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 17745–17768,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-17745-2018, 2018.
Bruns, E. A., El Haddad, I., Slowik, J. G., Kilic, D., Klein, F., Baltensperger, U., and Prévôt, A. S. H.: Identification of significant precursor gases of secondary organic aerosols from residential wood combustion, Scient. Rep., 6, 27881, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep27881, 2016.
Christian, T. J., Kleiss, B., Yokelson, R. J., Holzinger, R., Crutzen, P. J., Hao, W. M., Saharjo, B. H., and Ward, D. E.: Comprehensive laboratory
measurements of biomass-burning emissions: 1. Emissions from Indonesian,
African, and other fuels, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 108, 4719, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003jd003704, 2003.
Chung, C. E., Ramanathan, V., and Decremer, D.: Observationally constrained
estimates of carbonaceous aerosol radiative forcing, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 109, 11624–11629, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1203707109, 2012.
Crutzen, P. and Andreae, M.: Biomass Burning in the Tropics: Impact on
Atmospheric Chemistry and Biogeochemical Cycles, Science, 250, 1669–1678, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.250.4988.1669, 1991.
Dasari, S., Andersson, A., Bikkina, S., Holmstrand, H., Budhavant, K., Satheesh, S., Asmi, E., Kesti, J., Backman, J., Salam, A., Bisht, D. S.,
Tiwari, S., Hameed, Z., and Gustafsson, Ö.: Photochemical degradation
affects the light absorption of water-soluble brown carbon in the South Asian outflow, Sci. Adv., 5, eaau8066, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aau8066, 2019.
Decker, Z. C. J., Zarzana, K. J., Coggon, M., Min, K.-E., Pollack, I., Ryerson, T. B., Peischl, J., Edwards, P., Dubé, W. P., Markovic, M. Z.,
Roberts, J. M., Veres, P. R., Graus, M., Warneke, C., de Gouw, J., Hatch, L.
E., Barsanti, K. C., and Brown, S. S.: Nighttime Chemical Transformation in
Biomass Burning Plumes: A Box Model Analysis Initialized with Aircraft
Observations, Environ. Sci. Technol., 53, 2529–2538, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b05359, 2019.
Delfino, R. J., Brummel, S., Wu, J., Stern, H., Ostro, B., Lipsett, M., Winer, A., Street, D. H., Zhang, L., Tjoa, T., and Gillen, D. L.: The
relationship of respiratory and cardiovascular hospital admissions to the
southern California wildfires of 2003, Occup. Environ. Med., 66, 189–197, https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.2008.041376, 2009.
Deming, B. L., Pagonis, D., Liu, X., Day, D. A., Talukdar, R., Krechmer, J. E., de Gouw, J. A., Jimenez, J. L., and Ziemann, P. J.: Measurements of delays of gas-phase compounds in a wide variety of tubing materials due to gas–wall interactions, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 3453–3461, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-3453-2019, 2019.
Eck, T. F., Holben, B. N., Ward, D. E., Dubovik, O., Reid, J. S., Smirnov, A., Mukelabai, M. M., Hsu, N. C., O'Neill, N. T., and Slutsker, I.:
Characterization of the optical properties of biomass burning aerosols in
Zambia during the 1997 ZIBBEE field campaign, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 106, 3425–3448, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JD900555, 2001.
Edwards, D. P., Emmons, L. K., Gille, J. C., Chu, A., Attié, J. L., Giglio, L., Wood, S. W., Haywood, J., Deeter, M. N., Massie, S. T., Ziskin, D. C., and Drummond, J. R.: Satellite-observed pollution from Southern
Hemisphere biomass burning, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 111, D14312, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006655, 2006.
Elliott, C. T., Henderson, S. B., and Wan, V.: Time series analysis of fine
particulate matter and asthma reliever dispensations in populations affected
by forest fires, Environ. Health, 12, 11, https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-069X-12-11, 2013.
Feng, Y., Ramanathan, V., and Kotamarthi, V.: Brown carbon: A significant
atmospheric absorber of solar radiation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 8607–8621, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-8607-2013, 2013.
Fleming, L. T., Lin, P., Roberts, J. M., Selimovic, V., Yokelson, R., Laskin, J., Laskin, A., and Nizkorodov, S. A.: Molecular composition and photochemical lifetimes of brown carbon chromophores in biomass burning organic aerosol, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 1105–1129,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-1105-2020, 2020.
Formenti, P., Elbert, W., Maenhaut, W., Haywood, J., Osborne, S., and Andreae, M.: Inorganic and carbonaceous aerosols during the Southern African
Regional Science Initiative (SAFARI 2000) experiment: Chemical characteristics, physical properties, and emission data for smoke from
African biomass burning, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 108, 8488, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002jd002408, 2003.
Forrister, H., Liu, J., Scheuer, E., Dibb, J., Ziemba, L., Thornhill, K. L.,
Anderson, B., Diskin, G., Perring, A. E., and Schwarz, J. P.: Evolution of
Brown Carbon in Wildfire Plumes, Geophys. Res. Lett., 42, 4623, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL063897, 2015.
Forster, P., Ramaswamy, V., Artaxo, P., Berntsen, T., Betts, R., Fahey, D.,
Haywood, J., Lean, J., Lowe, D., Myhre, G., Nganga, J., Prinn, R., Raga, G.,
Schulz, M., and Van Dorland, R.: Changes in Atmospheric Constituents and in Radiative Forcing, in: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis, Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, edited by: Solomon, S., Qin, D., Manning, M., Chen, Z., Marquis, M., Averyt, K. B., Tignor, M., and Miller, H. L., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA, 2007.
Garofalo, L. A., Pothier, M. A., Levin, E. J. T., Campos, T., Kreidenweis,
S. M., and Farmer, D. K.: Emission and Evolution of Submicron Organic Aerosol in Smoke from Wildfires in the Western United States, ACS Earth Space Chem., 3, 1237–1247, 2019.
Hartikainen, A., Yli-Pirilä, P., Tiitta, P., Leskinen, A., Kortelainen, M., Orasche, J., Schnelle-Kreis, J., Lehtinen, K. E. J., Zimmermann, R.,
Jokiniemi, J., and Sippula, O.: Volatile Organic Compounds from Logwood
Combustion: Emissions and Transformation under Dark and Photochemical Aging
Conditions in a Smog Chamber, Environ. Sci. Technol., 52, 4979–4988, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b06269, 2018.
Henderson, S. B., Brauer, M., MacNab, Y. C., and Kennedy, S. M.: Three Measures of Forest Fire Smoke Exposure and Their Associations with Respiratory and Cardiovascular Health Outcomes in a Population-Based Cohort,
Environ. Health Perspect., 119, 1266–1271, https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1002288, 2011.
Hennigan, C. J., Miracolo, M. A., Engelhart, G. J., May, A. A., Presto, A.
A., Lee, T., Sullivan, A. P., McMeeking, G. R., Coe, H., Wold, C. E., Hao,
W. M., Gilman, J. B., Kuster, W. C., de Gouw, J., Schichtel, B. A., Collett Jr., J. L., Kreidenweis, S. M., and Robinson, A. L.: Chemical and physical transformations of organic aerosol from the photo-oxidation of open biomass burning emissions in an environmental chamber, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 7669–7686, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-7669-2011, 2011.
Hodshire, A. L., Akherati, A., Alvarado, M. J., Brown-Steiner, B., Jathar, S. H., Jimenez, J. L., Kreidenweis, S. M., Lonsdale, C. R., Onasch, T. B., Ortega, A. M., and Pierce, J. R.: Aging Effects on Biomass Burning Aerosol
Mass and Composition: A Critical Review of Field and Laboratory Studies,
Environ. Sci. Technol., 53, 10007–10022, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b02588, 2019.
Hodzic, A., Madronich, S., Bohn, B., Massie, S., Menut, L., and Wiedinmyer, C.: Wildfire particulate matter in Europe during summer 2003: meso-scale
modeling of smoke emissions, transport and radiative effects, Atmos. Chem.
Phys., 7, 4043–4064, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-4043-2007, 2007.
Holstius, D. M., Reid, C. E., Jesdale, B. M., and Morello-Frosch, R.: Birth
Weight following Pregnancy during the 2003 Southern California Wildfires,
Environ. Health Perspect., 120, 1340–1345, https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1104515, 2012.
Hungershoefer, K., Zeromskiene, K., Iinuma, Y., Helas, G., Trentmann, J.,
Trautmann, T., Parmar, R., Wiedensohler, A., Andreae, M., and Schmid, O.:
Modelling the optical properties of fresh biomass burning aerosol produced
in a smoke chamber: results from the EFEU campaign, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 3427–3439, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-3427-2008, 2008.
Ichoku, C., Giglio, L., Wooster, M. J., and Remer, L. A.: Global characterization of biomass-burning patterns using satellite measurements of
fire radiative energy, Remote Sens. Environ., 112, 2950–2962,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2008.02.009, 2008.
IPCC: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis, in: Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, edited by: Stocker, T. F., Qin, D., Plattner, G.-K., Tignor, M., Allen, S. K., Boschung, J., Nauels, A., Xia, Y., Bex, V., and Midgley, P. M., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA, 1535 pp., 2013.
Jacobson, M. Z.: A physically-based treatment of elemental carbon optics:
Implications for global direct forcing of aerosols, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 217–220, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999GL010968, 2000.
Johnston, F., Hanigan, I., Henderson, S., Morgan, G., and Bowman, D.: Extreme air pollution events from bushfires and dust storms and their association with mortality in Sydney, Australia 1994–2007, Environ. Res., 111, 811–816, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2011.05.007, 2011.
Johnston, F. H., Henderson, S. B., Chen, Y., Randerson, J. T., Marlier, M.,
DeFries, R. S., Kinney, P., Bowman, D. M. J. S., and Brauer, M.: Estimated
Global Mortality Attributable to Smoke from Landscape Fires, Environ. Health Perspect., 120, 695–701, https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1104422, 2012.
Kirchstetter, T. W., Novakov, T., and Hobbs, P. V.: Evidence that the spectral dependence of light absorption by aerosols is affected by organic
carbon, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 109, D21208, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JD004999, 2004.
Klimont, Z., Cofala, J., Xing, J., Wei, W., Zhang, C., Wang, S., Kejun, J.,
Bhandari, P., Mathur, R., Purohit, P., Rafaj, P., Chambers, A., Amann, M., and Hao, J.: Projections of SO2, NOx and carbonaceous aerosols emissions in Asia, Tellus B, 61, 602–617, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0889.2009.00428.x, 2009.
Klimont, Z., Smith, S. J., and Cofala, J.: The last decade of global
anthropogenic sulfur dioxide: 2000–2011 emissions, Environ. Res. Lett., 8, 014003, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/8/1/014003, 2013.
Koch, D., Menon, S., Genio, A. D., Ruedy, R., Alienov, I., and Schmidt, G. A.: Distinguishing Aerosol Impacts on Climate over the Past Century, J. Climate, 22, 2659–2677, https://doi.org/10.1175/2008jcli2573.1, 2009.
Krechmer, J. E., Pagonis, D., Ziemann, P. J., and Jimenez, J. L.: Quantification of Gas-Wall Partitioning in Teflon Environmental Chambers
Using Rapid Bursts of Low-Volatility Oxidized Species Generated in Situ,
Environ. Sci. Technol., 50, 5757–5765, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b00606, 2016.
Kumar, P., Fennell, P., Symonds, J., and Britter, R.: Treatment of losses of
ultrafine aerosol particles in long sampling tubes during ambient
measurements, Atmos. Environ., 42, 8819–8826, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.09.003, 2008.
Lamarque, J. F., Bond, T. C., Eyring, V., Granier, C., Heil, A., Klimont, Z., Lee, D., Liousse, C., Mieville, A., Owen, B., Schultz, M. G., Shindell, D., Smith, S. J., Stehfest, E., Van Aardenne, J., Cooper, O. R., Kainuma, M., Mahowald, N., McConnell, J. R., Naik, V., Riahi, K., and van Vuuren, D. P.: Historical (1850–2000) gridded anthropogenic and biomass burning emissions of reactive gases and aerosols: methodology and application, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 7017–7039, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-7017-2010, 2010.
Laskin, A., Laskin, J., and Nizkorodov, S. A.: Chemistry of Atmospheric Brown Carbon, Chem. Rev., 115, 4335–4382, https://doi.org/10.1021/cr5006167, 2015.
Leskinen, A., Yli-Pirilä, P., Kuuspalo, K., Sippula, O., Jalava, P., Hirvonen, M. R., Jokiniemi, J., Virtanen, A., Komppula, M., and Lehtinen, K.
E. J.: Characterization and testing of a new environmental chamber, Atmos.
Meas. Tech., 8, 2267–2278, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-2267-2015, 2015.
Levin, E. J. T., McMeeking, G. R., Carrico, C. M., Mack, L. E., Kreidenweis,
S. M., Wold, C. E., Moosmüller, H., Arnott, W. P., Hao, W. M., Collett,
J. L., and Malm, W. C.: Biomass burning smoke aerosol properties measured
during Fire Laboratory at Missoula Experiments (FLAME), J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 115, D18210, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD013601, 2010.
Li, C., Ma, Z., Chen, J., Wang, X., Ye, X., Wang, L., Yang, X., Kan, H.,
Donaldson, D. J., and Mellouki, A.: Evolution of biomass burning smoke
particles in the dark, Atmos. Environ., 120, 244–252, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.09.003, 2015.
Liousse, C., Guillaume, B., Grégoire, J. M., Mallet, M., Galy, C., Pont,
V., Akpo, A., Bedou, M., Castéra, P., Dungall, L., Gardrat, E., Granier,
C., Konaré, A., Malavelle, F., Mariscal, A., Mieville, A., Rosset, R.,
Serça, D., Solmon, F., Tummon, F., Assamoi, E., Yoboué, V., and Van Velthoven, P.: Updated African biomass burning emission inventories in the framework of the AMMA-IDAF program, with an evaluation of combustion
aerosols, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 9631–9646, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-9631-2010, 2010.
Liousse, C., Assamoi, E., Criqui, P., Granier, C., and Rosset, R.: Explosive
growth in African combustion emissions from 2005 to 2030, Environ. Res. Lett., 9, 035003, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/9/3/035003, 2014.
Liu, S., Aiken, A. C., Arata, C., Dubey, M. K., Stockwell, C. E., Yokelson, R. J., Stone, E. A., Jayarathne, T., Robinson, A. L., DeMott, P. J., and
Kreidenweis, S. M.: Aerosol single scattering albedo dependence on biomass
combustion efficiency: Laboratory and field studies, Geophys. Res. Lett., 41, 742–748, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013GL058392, 2014.
Liu, X., Huey, L. G., Yokelson, R. J., Selimovic, V., Simpson, I. J.,
Müller, M., Jimenez, J. L., Campuzano-Jost, P., Beyersdorf, A. J., and
Blake, D. R.: Airborne Measurements of Western US Wildfire Emissions: Comparison with Prescribed Burning and Air Quality Implications, J. Geophys.
Res.-Atmos., 122, 6108, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JD026315, 2017.
Liu, X., Deming, B., Pagonis, D., Day, D. A., Palm, B. B., Talukdar, R.,
Roberts, J. M., Veres, P. R., Krechmer, J. E., Thornton, J. A., de Gouw, J.
A., Ziemann, P. J., and Jimenez, J. L.: Effects of gas–wall interactions on
measurements of semivolatile compounds and small polar molecules, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 3137–3149, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-3137-2019, 2019.
Ma, X., Yu, F., and Luo, G.: Aerosol direct radiative forcing based on
GEOS-Chem-APM and uncertainties, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 5563–5581,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-5563-2012, 2012.
Mack, L. A., Levin, E. J. T., Kreidenweis, S. M., Obrist, D., Moosmüller, H., Lewis, K. A., Arnott, W. P., McMeeking, G. R., Sullivan, A. P., Wold, C. E., Hao, W. M., Collett Jr., J. L., and Malm, W. C.: Optical closure experiments for biomass smoke aerosols, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 9017–9026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-9017-2010, 2010.
Mack, L. E.: Cavity Ring-Down Sectroscopy and the Retrieval of Aerosol Optical Properties from Biomass Burning During Flame 2, MS thesis, Colorado
State University, CO, USA, 2008.
Malavelle, F., Pont, V., Mallet, M., Solmon, F., Johnson, B., Leon, J.-F.,
and Liousse, C.: Simulation of aerosol radiative effects over West Africa
during DABEX and AMMA SOP-0, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 116, D08205, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD014829, 2011.
McMeeking, G. R., Kreidenweis, S. M., Baker, S., Carrico, C. M., Chow, J. C., Collett, J. L., Hao, W. M., Holden, A. S., Kirchstetter, T. W., Malm, W. C., Moosmüller, H., Sullivan, A. P., and Wold, C. E.: Emissions of trace gases and aerosols during the open combustion of biomass in the laboratory,
J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 114, D19210, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD011836, 2009.
Miles, R. E. H., Rudić, S., Orr-Ewing, A. J., and Reid, J. P.: Sources of Error and Uncertainty in the Use of Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy to Measure Aerosol Optical Properties, Aerosol Sci. Tech., 45, 1360–1375, https://doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2011.596170, 2011.
Moosmüller, H., Varma, R., and Arnott, W. P.: Cavity Ring-Down and Cavity-Enhanced Detection Techniques for the Measurement of Aerosol Extinction, Aerosol Sci. Tech., 39, 30–39, https://doi.org/10.1080/027868290903880, 2005.
Naeher, L. P., Brauer, M., Lipsett, M., Zelikoff, J. T., Simpson, C. D.,
Koenig, J. Q., and Smith, K. R.: Woodsmoke Health Effects: A Review, Inhalat. Toxicol., 19, 67–106, https://doi.org/10.1080/08958370600985875, 2007.
Ng, N. L., Herndon, S. C., Trimborn, A., Canagaratna, M. R., Croteau, P. L.,
Onasch, T. B., Sueper, D., Worsnop, D. R., Zhang, Q., Sun, Y. L., and Jayne,
J. T.: An Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (ACSM) for Routine Monitoring
of the Composition and Mass Concentrations of Ambient Aerosol, Aerosol Sci. Tech., 45, 780–794, https://doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2011.560211, 2011.
Nguyen, T. B., Laskin, J., Laskin, A., and Nizkorodov, S. A.: Nitrogen-Containing Organic Compounds and Oligomers in Secondary Organic
Aerosol Formed by Photooxidation of Isoprene, Environ. Sci. Technol., 45, 6908–6918, https://doi.org/10.1021/es201611n, 2011.
Pagonis, D., Krechmer, J. E., de Gouw, J., Jimenez, J. L., and Ziemann, P. J.: Effects of gas–wall partitioning in Teflon tubing and instrumentation on time-resolved measurements of gas-phase organic compounds, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 10, 4687–4696, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-4687-2017, 2017.
Paulsen, D., Dommen, J., Kalberer, M., Prévôt, A. S. H., Richter, R., Sax, M., Steinbacher, M., Weingartner, E., and Baltensperger, U.: Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation by Irradiation of 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene-NOx-H2O in a New Reaction Chamber for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 2668–2678, https://doi.org/10.1021/es0489137, 2005.
Pokhrel, R. P., Wagner, N. L., Langridge, J. M., Lack, D. A., Jayarathne, T., Stone, E. A., Stockwell, C. E., Yokelson, R. J., and Murphy, S. M.: Parameterization of single-scattering albedo (SSA) and absorption
Ångström exponent (AAE) with EC ∕ OC for aerosol emissions from
biomass burning, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 9549–9561, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-9549-2016, 2016.
Poudel, S., Fiddler, M., Smith, D., Flurchick, K., and Bililign, S.: Optical
properties of biomass burning aerosols: Comparison of experimental measurements and T-Matrix calculations, Atmosphere, 8, 228–250, https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos8110228, 2017.
Radney, J. G. and Zangmeister, C. D.: Practical limitations of aerosol separation by a tandem differential mobility analyzer–aerosol particle mass
analyzer, Aerosol Sci. Tech., 50, 160–172, https://doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2015.1136733, 2016.
Radney, J. G., Bazargan, M. H., Wright, M. E., and Atkinson, D. B.: Laboratory Validation of Aerosol Extinction Coefficient Measurements by a
Field-Deployable Pulsed Cavity Ring-Down Transmissometer, Aerosol Sci. Tech., 43, 71–80, https://doi.org/10.1080/02786820802482536, 2009.
Radney, J. G., Ma, X., Gillis, K. A., Zachariah, M. R., Hodges, J. T., and
Zangmeister, C. D.: Direct Measurements of Mass-Specific Optical Cross Sections of Single-Component Aerosol Mixtures, Anal. Chem., 85, 8319–8325, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac401645y, 2013.
Ramasamy, S., Nakayama, T., Imamura, T., Morino, Y., Kajii, Y., and Sato, K.: Investigation of dark condition nitrate radical- and ozone-initiated aging of toluene secondary organic aerosol: Importance of nitrate radical reactions with phenolic products, Atmos. Environ., 219, 117049,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.117049, 2019.
Rappold, A. G., Stone, S. L., Cascio, W. E., Neas, L. M., Kilaru, V. J.,
Carraway, M. S., Szykman, J. J., Ising, A., Cleve, W. E., Meredith, J. T.,
Vaughan-Batten, H., Deyneka, L., and Devlin, R. B.: Peat Bog Wildfire Smoke
Exposure in Rural North Carolina Is Associated with Cardiopulmonary Emergency Department Visits Assessed through Syndromic Surveillance, Environ. Health Perspect., 119, 1415–1420, https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1003206, 2011.
Reid, J. S., Hobbs, P. V., Ferek, R. J., Blake, D. R., Martins, J. V., Dunlap, M. R., and Liousse, C.: Physical, Chemical, and Optical Properties of Regional Hazes Dominated by Smoke in Brazil, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 32059, https://doi.org/10.1029/98JD00458, 1998.
Roberts, G., Wooster, M. J., and Lagoudakis, E.: Annual and diurnal african
biomass burning temporal dynamics, Biogeosciences, 6, 849–866,
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-6-849-2009, 2009.
Roberts, G. J. and Wooster, M. J.: Fire Detection and Fire Characterization
Over Africa Using Meteosat SEVIRI, IEEE T. Geosci. Remote, 46, 1200–1218, https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2008.915751, 2008.
Saleh, R., Hennigan, C. J., McMeeking, G. R., Chuang, W. K., Robinson, E. S., Coe, H., Donahue, N. M., and Robinson, A. L.: Absorptivity of brown carbon in fresh and photo-chemically aged biomass-burning emissions, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 7683–7693, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-7683-2013, 2013.
Saleh, R., Robinson, E. S., Tkacik, D. S., Ahern, A. T., Liu, S., Aiken, A.
C., Sullivan, R. C., Presto, A. A., Dubey, M. K., Yokelson, R. J., Donahue, N. M., and Robinson, A. L.: Brownness of organics in aerosols from biomass
burning linked to their black carbon content, Nat. Geosci., 7, 647–650,
https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2220, 2014.
Saleh, R., Marks, M., Heo, J., Adams, P. J., Donahue, N. M., and Robinson, A. L.: Contribution of brown carbon and lensing to the direct radiative effect of carbonaceous aerosols from biomass and biofuel burning emissions, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 120, 10285–10296, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015jd023697, 2015.
Saleh, R., Cheng, Z., and Atwi, K.: The Brown–Black Continuum of Light-Absorbing Combustion Aerosols, Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett., 5, 508–513, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.8b00305, 2018.
Schnitzler, E. G. and Abbatt, J. P. D.: Heterogeneous OH oxidation of secondary brown carbon aerosol, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 14539–14553,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-14539-2018, 2018.
Schultz, M. G., Heil, A., Hoelzemann, J. J., Spessa, A., Thonicke, K., Goldammer, J. G., Held, A. C., Pereira, J. M. C., and van het Bolscher, M.:
Global wildland fire emissions from 1960 to 2000, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 22, GB2002, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GB003031, 2008.
Schwarz, J. P., Spackman, J. R., Fahey, D. W., Gao, R. S., Lohmann, U., Stier, P., Watts, L. A., Thomson, D. S., Lack, D. A., Pfister, L., Mahoney, M. J., Baumgardner, D., Wilson, J. C., and Reeves, J. M.: Coatings and their
enhancement of black carbon light absorption in the tropical atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 113, D03203, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD009042, 2008.
Selimovic, V., Yokelson, R. J., Warneke, C., Roberts, J. M., de Gouw, J., Reardon, J., and Griffith, D. W. T.: Aerosol optical properties and trace gas emissions by PAX and OP-FTIR for laboratory-simulated western US wildfires during FIREX, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 2929–2948, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-2929-2018, 2018.
Sheridan, P. J., Arnott, W. P., Ogren, J. A., Andrews, E., Atkinson, D. B.,
Covert, D. S., Moosmuller, H., Petzold, A., Schmid, B., Strawa, A. W., Varma, R., and Virkkula, A.: The Reno Aerosol Optics Study: An evaluation of aerosol absorption measurement methods, Aerosol Sci. Tech., 39, 1–16, https://doi.org/10.1080/027868290901891, 2005.
Shi, Y., Chen, J., Hu, D., Wang, L., Yang, X., and Wang, X.: Airborne submicron particulate (PM1) pollution in Shanghai, China: Chemical
variability, formation/dissociation of associated semi-volatile components
and the impacts on visibility, Sci. Total Environ., 473–474, 199–206, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.12.024, 2014.
Shrivastava, M., Easter, R. C., Liu, X., Zelenyuk, A., Singh, B., Zhang, K.,
Ma, P. L., Chand, D., Ghan, S., and Jimenez, J. L.: Global Transformation
and Fate of SOA: Implications of Low-Volatility SOA and Gas-Phase Fragmentation Reactions, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 120, 4169, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JD022563, 2015.
Shrivastava, M., Andreae, M. O., Artaxo, P., Barbosa, H. M. J., Berg, L. K.,
Brito, J., Ching, J., Easter, R. C., Fan, J., Fast, J. D., Feng, Z., Fuentes, J. D., Glasius, M., Goldstein, A. H., Alves, E. G., Gomes, H., Gu, D., Guenther, A., Jathar, S. H., Kim, S., Liu, Y., Lou, S., Martin, S. T., McNeill, V. F., Medeiros, A., de Sá, S. S., Shilling, J. E., Springston,
S. R., Souza, R. A. F., Thornton, J. A., Isaacman-VanWertz, G., Yee, L. D.,
Ynoue, R., Zaveri, R. A., Zelenyuk, A., and Zhao, C.: Urban pollution greatly enhances formation of natural aerosols over the Amazon rainforest, Nat. Commun., 10, 1046, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-08909-4, 2019.
Singh, S., Fiddler, M. N., Smith, D., and Bililign, S.: Error Analysis and
Uncertainty in the Determination of Aerosol Optical Properties Using Cavity
Ring-Down Spectroscopy, Integrating Nephelometry, and the Extinction-Minus-Scattering Method, Aerosol Sci. Tech., 48, 1345–1359, https://doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2014.984062, 2014.
Singh, S., Fiddler, M. N., and Bililign, S.: Measurement of size-dependent
single scattering albedo of fresh biomass burning aerosols using the
extinction-minus-scattering technique with a combination of cavity ring-down
spectroscopy and nephelometry, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 13491–13507,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-13491-2016, 2016.
Smith, D. M., Fiddler, M. N., Sexton, K. G., and Bililign, S.: Construction
and Characterization of an Indoor Smog Chamber for Measuring the Optical and
Physicochemical Properties of Aging Biomass Burning Aerosols, Aerosol Air Qual. Res., 19, 467–483, https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2018.06.0243, 2019.
Smith, D. M., Cui, T., Fiddler, M. N., Pokhrel, R. P., Surratt, J. D., and Bililign, S.: Laboratory studies of fresh and aged biomass burning aerosol emitted from east African biomass fuels – Part 2: Chemical properties and characterization, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 10169–10191, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-10169-2020, 2020.
Smith, K. R. and Pillarisetti, A.: Household Air Pollution from Solid Cookfuels and Its Effects on Health, in: Injury Prevention and Environmental Health, 3rd Edn., edited by: Mock, C. N., Nugent, R., Kobusingye, O., et al., The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank, Washington, D.C., 2017.
Spracklen, D. V., Mickley, L. J., Logan, J. A., Hudman, R. C., Yevich, R.,
Flannigan, M. D., and Westerling, A. L.: Impacts of climate change from 2000
to 2050 on wildfire activity and carbonaceous aerosol concentrations in the
western United States, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 114, D20301, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008jd010966, 2009.
Stefanidou, M., Athanaselis, S., and Spiliopoulou, C.: Health Impacts of Fire Smoke Inhalation, Inhalat. Toxicol., 20, 761–766, https://doi.org/10.1080/08958370801975311, 2008.
Stier, P., Seinfeld, J. H., Kinne, S., Feichter, J., and Boucher, O.: Impact
of nonabsorbing anthropogenic aerosols on clear-sky atmospheric absorption, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 111, D18201, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007147, 2006.
Strawa, A. W., Elleman, R., Hallar, A. G., Covert, D., Ricci, K., Provencal, R., Owano, T. W., Jonsson, H. H., Schmid, B., Luu, A. P., Bokarius, K., and
Andrews, E.: Comparison of in situ aerosol extinction and scattering coefficient measurements made during the Aerosol Intensive Operating Period,
J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 111, D05S03, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006056, 2006.
Streets, D. G., Bond, T. C., Lee, T., and Jang, C.: On the future of carbonaceous aerosol emissions, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 109, D24212, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JD004902, 2004.
Sumlin, B. J., Pandey, A., Walker, M. J., Pattison, R. S., Williams, B. J.,
and Chakrabarty, R. K.: Atmospheric Photooxidation Diminishes Light Absorption by Primary Brown Carbon Aerosol from Biomass Burning, Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett., 4, 540–545, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.7b00393, 2017.
Sumlin, B. J., Heinson, Y. W., Shetty, N., Pandey, A., Pattison, R. S., Baker, S., Hao, W. M., and Chakrabarty, R. K.: UV–Vis–IR spectral complex
refractive indices and optical properties of brown carbon aerosol from
biomass burning, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Ra., 206, 392–398, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2017.12.009, 2018.
Sutherland, E. R., Make, B. J., Vedal, S., Zhang, L., Dutton, S. J., Murphy,
J. R., and Silkoff, P. E.: Wildfire smoke and respiratory symptoms in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 115, 420–422, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2004.11.030, 2005.
Thompson, J. E., Smith, B. W., and Winefordner, J. D.: Monitoring Atmospheric Particulate Matter through Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy, Anal. Chem., 74, 1962–1967, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac0110505, 2002.
Thompson, J. E., Barta, N., Policarpio, D., and DuVall, R.: A fixed frequency aerosol albedometer, Opt. Express, 16, 2191–2205, https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.16.002191, 2008.
Tiitta, P., Leskinen, A., Hao, L., Yli-Pirilä, P., Kortelainen, M., Grigonyte, J., Tissari, J., Lamberg, H., Hartikainen, A., Kuuspalo, K.,
Kortelainen, A. M., Virtanen, A., Lehtinen, K. E. J., Komppula, M., Pieber,
S., Prévôt, A. S. H., Onasch, T. B., Worsnop, D. R., Czech, H.,
Zimmermann, R., Jokiniemi, J., and Sippula, O.: Transformation of logwood
combustion emissions in a smog chamber: formation of secondary organic
aerosol and changes in the primary organic aerosol upon daytime and
nighttime aging, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 13251–13269,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-13251-2016, 2016.
Tkacik, D. S., Robinson, E. S., Ahern, A., Saleh, R., Stockwell, C., Veres,
P., Simpson, I. J., Meinardi, S., Blake, D. R., and Yokelson, R. J.: A
Dual-Chamber Method for Quantifying the Effects of Atmospheric Perturbations
on Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation from Biomass Burning Emissions:
Investigation of Biomass Burning SOA, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 122, 6043,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JD025784, 2017.
Toole, J. R., Renbaum-Wolff, L., and Smith, G. D.: A Calibration Technique
for Improving Refractive Index Retrieval from Aerosol Cavity Ring-Down
Spectroscopy, Aerosol Sci. Tech., 47, 955–965, https://doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2013.805875, 2013.
Uin, J., Tamm, E., and Mirme, A.: Very Long DMA for the Generation of the
Calibration Aerosols in Particle Diameter Range up to 10 µm by
Electrical Separation, Aerosol Air Qual. Res., 11, 531–538,
https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2011.05.0068, 2011.
UN: World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision, Comprehensive Tables,
ST/ESA/SER.A/313, United Nations, Department of Economic and Social
Affairs, Population Division, United Nations, New York, 2011.
Vakkari, V., Beukes, J. P., Dal Maso, M., Aurela, M., Josipovic, M., and van Zyl, P. G.: Major Secondary Aerosol Formation in Southern African Open Biomass Burning Plumes, Nat. Geosci., 11, 580, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-018-0170-0, 2018.
van der Werf, G. R., Randerson, J. T., Giglio, L., Collatz, G. J., Mu, M.,
Kasibhatla, P. S., Morton, D. C., DeFries, R. S., Jin, Y., and van Leeuwen,
T. T.: Global fire emissions and the contribution of deforestation, savanna,
forest, agricultural, and peat fires (1997–2009), Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10,
11707–11735, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-11707-2010, 2010.
Wang, X., Liu, T., Bernard, F., Ding, X., Wen, S., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Z., He,
Q., Lü, S., Chen, J., Saunders, S., and Yu, J.: Design and characterization of a smog chamber for studying gas-phase chemical mechanisms and aerosol formation, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 7, 301–313,
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-301-2014, 2014.
Ward, D. E., Susott, R. A., Kauffman, J. B., Babbitt, R. E., Cummings, D. L., Dias, B., Holben, B. N., Kaufman, Y. J., Rasmussen, R. A., and Setzer, A. W.: Smoke and fire characteristics for cerrado and deforestation burns in Brazil: BASE-B Experiment, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 97, 14601–14619, https://doi.org/10.1029/92jd01218, 1992.
Weingartner, E., Saathoff, H., Schnaiter, M., Streit, N., Bitnar, B., and
Baltensperger, U.: Absorption of light by soot particles: Determination of
the absorption coefficient by means of aethalometers, J. Aerosol Sci., 34, 1445–1463, https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-8502(03)00359-8, 2003.
Williams, J. E., v. Weele, M., v. Velthoven, P. F. J., Scheele, M. P., Liousse, C., and v. d. Werf, G. R.: The Impact of Uncertainties in African
Biomass Burning Emission Estimates on Modeling Global Air Quality, Long Range Transport and Tropospheric Chemical Lifetimes, Atmosphere, 3, 132, https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos3010132, 2012.
Yang, M., Howell, S. G., Zhuang, J., and Huebert, B. J.: Attribution of aerosol light absorption to black carbon, brown carbon, and dust in China –
interpretations of atmospheric measurements during EAST-AIRE, Atmos. Chem.
Phys., 9, 2035–2050, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-2035-2009, 2009.
Yokelson, R. J., Crounse, J. D., DeCarlo, P. F., Karl, T., Urbanski, S., Atlas, E., Campos, T., Shinozuka, Y., Kapustin, V., Clarke, A. D., Weinheimer, A., Knapp, D. J., Montzka, D. D., Holloway, J., Weibring, P.,
Flocke, F., Zheng, W., Toohey, D., Wennberg, P. O., Wiedinmyer, C., Mauldin,
L., Fried, A., Richter, D., Walega, J., Jimenez, J. L., Adachi, K., Buseck,
P. R., Hall, S. R., and Shetter, R.: Emissions from biomass burning in the
Yucatan, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 5785–5812, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-5785-2009, 2009.
Yokelson, R. J., Burling, I. R., Gilman, J. B., Warneke, C., Stockwell, C. E., de Gouw, J., Akagi, S. K., Urbanski, S. P., Veres, P., Roberts, J. M.,
Kuster, W. C., Reardon, J., Griffith, D. W. T., Johnson, T. J., Hosseini,
S., Miller, J. W., Cocker Iii, D. R., Jung, H., and Weise, D. R.: Coupling
field and laboratory measurements to estimate the emission factors of
identified and unidentified trace gases for prescribed fires, Atmos. Chem.
Phys., 13, 89–116, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-89-2013, 2013.
Zhang, H., Hu, D., Chen, J., Ye, X., Wang, S. X., Hao, J. M., Wang, L., Zhang, R., and An, Z.: Particle Size Distribution and Polycyclic Aromatic
Hydrocarbons Emissions from Agricultural Crop Residue Burning, Environ. Sci. Technol., 45, 5477–5482, https://doi.org/10.1021/es1037904, 2011.
Short summary
Biomass burning aerosol can scatter and absorb light, contributing to the cooling or warming of the planet. The scattering and absorption properties (optical properties) change as aerosol ages and interacts with atmospheric gases. Optical properties also depend on burning conditions, fuel type, and morphology. Africa is a major source of biomass burning aerosols, but there are very few laboratory studies. This study focuses on the optical properties of aerosols from east African biomass fuels.
Biomass burning aerosol can scatter and absorb light, contributing to the cooling or warming of...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint