Articles | Volume 13, issue 14
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-6907-2013
© Author(s) 2013. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-6907-2013
© Author(s) 2013. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
23 Jul 2013
Research article |
| 23 Jul 2013
HIRS channel 12 brightness temperature dataset and its correlations with major climate indices
L. Shi
National Climatic Data Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Asheville, North Carolina, USA
C. J. Schreck III
Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites, North Carolina State University, Asheville, North Carolina, USA
V. O. John
Met Office Hadley Centre, Exeter, UK
Related authors
Tim Trent, Marc Schroeder, Shu-Peng Ho, Steffen Beirle, Ralf Bennartz, Eva Borbas, Christian Borger, Helene Brogniez, Xavier Calbet, Elisa Castelli, Gilbert P. Compo, Wesley Ebisuzaki, Ulrike Falk, Frank Fell, John Forsythe, Hans Hersbach, Misako Kachi, Shinya Kobayashi, Robert E. Kursinsk, Diego Loyola, Zhengzao Luo, Johannes K. Nielsen, Enzo Papandrea, Laurence Picon, Rene Preusker, Anthony Reale, Lei Shi, Laura Slivinski, Joao Teixeira, Tom Vonder Haar, and Thomas Wagner
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2808, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2808, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In a warmer future, water vapour will spend more time in the atmosphere changing global rainfall patterns. In this study, we analysed the performance of 28 water vapour records between 1988 & 2014. We find sensitivity to surface warming generally outside expected ranges, attributed to breakpoints in individual record trends & differing representations of climate variability. The implication is that longer records are required for high confidence in assessing climate trends
Lei Shi, Carl J. Schreck III, Viju O. John, Eui-Seok Chung, Theresa Lang, Stefan A. Buehler, and Brian J. Soden
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 6949–6963, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-6949-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-6949-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Four upper tropospheric humidity (UTH) datasets derived from satellite microwave and infrared sounders are evaluated to assess their consistency as part of the activities for the Global Energy and Water Exchanges (GEWEX) water vapor assessment project. The study shows that the four datasets are consistent in the interannual temporal and spatial variability of the tropics. However, differences are found in the magnitudes of the anomalies and in the changing rates during the common period.
K. Gierens, K. Eleftheratos, and L. Shi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 7533–7541, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-7533-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-7533-2014, 2014
Tim Trent, Marc Schroeder, Shu-Peng Ho, Steffen Beirle, Ralf Bennartz, Eva Borbas, Christian Borger, Helene Brogniez, Xavier Calbet, Elisa Castelli, Gilbert P. Compo, Wesley Ebisuzaki, Ulrike Falk, Frank Fell, John Forsythe, Hans Hersbach, Misako Kachi, Shinya Kobayashi, Robert E. Kursinsk, Diego Loyola, Zhengzao Luo, Johannes K. Nielsen, Enzo Papandrea, Laurence Picon, Rene Preusker, Anthony Reale, Lei Shi, Laura Slivinski, Joao Teixeira, Tom Vonder Haar, and Thomas Wagner
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2808, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2808, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In a warmer future, water vapour will spend more time in the atmosphere changing global rainfall patterns. In this study, we analysed the performance of 28 water vapour records between 1988 & 2014. We find sensitivity to surface warming generally outside expected ranges, attributed to breakpoints in individual record trends & differing representations of climate variability. The implication is that longer records are required for high confidence in assessing climate trends
Lei Shi, Carl J. Schreck III, Viju O. John, Eui-Seok Chung, Theresa Lang, Stefan A. Buehler, and Brian J. Soden
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 6949–6963, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-6949-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-6949-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Four upper tropospheric humidity (UTH) datasets derived from satellite microwave and infrared sounders are evaluated to assess their consistency as part of the activities for the Global Energy and Water Exchanges (GEWEX) water vapor assessment project. The study shows that the four datasets are consistent in the interannual temporal and spatial variability of the tropics. However, differences are found in the magnitudes of the anomalies and in the changing rates during the common period.
Freek Liefhebber, Sarah Lammens, Paul W. G. Brussee, André Bos, Viju O. John, Frank Rüthrich, Jacobus Onderwaater, Michael G. Grant, and Jörg Schulz
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 1167–1179, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-1167-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-1167-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The paper addresses the need for automatic quality control of a whole series of Earth observation (EO) time series extending a period of over 40 years. Such a dataset is valuable and may provide important information about trends related to geo-physical processes. Furthermore, as the dataset is that large, there is a need to completely automate the processes, as otherwise the effort would become impracticable. The result is a system with a high probability of detection and low false alarm rate.
Imke Hans, Martin Burgdorf, Viju O. John, Jonathan Mittaz, and Stefan A. Buehler
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 10, 4927–4945, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-4927-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-4927-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
In our article we present the evolution of the noise of 11 microwave radiometers used for meteorological remote sensing. We used the Allan deviation to compute an estimate of the noise on the calibration measurements. We provide graphics as an overview to enable the users of the data to decide on the usability of the data for their purposes. Moreover, our analysis enters the production of new FCDRs (Fundamental Climate Data Records) within the FIDUCEO project.
Laura Riuttanen, Marja Bister, Veli-Matti Kerminen, Viju O. John, Anu-Maija Sundström, Miikka Dal Maso, Jouni Räisänen, Victoria A. Sinclair, Risto Makkonen, Filippo Xausa, Gerrit de Leeuw, and Markku Kulmala
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 14331–14342, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-14331-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-14331-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Here we show observational evidence that aerosols increase upper tropospheric humidity (UTH) via changes in the microphysics of deep convection. Using remote sensing data over the ocean east of China in summer, we show that increased aerosol loads are associated with an UTH increase of 2.2 ± 1.5 in units of relative humidity. We show that humidification of aerosols or other meteorological covariation is very unlikely to be the cause for this result indicating relevance for the global climate.
Richard Larsson, Mathias Milz, Peter Rayer, Roger Saunders, William Bell, Anna Booton, Stefan A. Buehler, Patrick Eriksson, and Viju O. John
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 841–857, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-841-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-841-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
By modeling the Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder's mesospheric measurements, inversions methods can be applied to retreive mesospheric temperatures. We compare the fast forward model used by Met Office with reference simulations and find that there is a reasonable agreement between both models and measurements. Thus we recommend that the fast model is used in data assimilation to improve mesospheric temperature retrievals.
K. Gierens, K. Eleftheratos, and L. Shi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 7533–7541, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-7533-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-7533-2014, 2014
V. O. John, D. E. Parker, S. A. Buehler, J. Price, and R. W. Saunders
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acpd-13-10547-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acpd-13-10547-2013, 2013
Revised manuscript has not been submitted
Related subject area
Subject: Radiation | Research Activity: Remote Sensing | Altitude Range: Troposphere | Science Focus: Physics (physical properties and processes)
Uncertainty in simulated brightness temperature due to sensitivity to atmospheric gas spectroscopic parameters from the centimeter- to submillimeter-wave range
Direct observational evidence from space of the effect of CO2 increase on longwave spectral radiances: the unique role of high-spectral-resolution measurements
LIME: Lunar Irradiance Model of ESA, a new tool for absolute radiometric calibration using the Moon
Influence of cloud retrieval errors due to three-dimensional radiative effects on calculations of broadband shortwave cloud radiative effect
Evaluating the Representation of Arctic Cirrus Solar Radiative Effects in the IFS with Airborne Measurements
Estimation of 1 km downwelling shortwave radiation over the Tibetan Plateau under all-sky conditions
Record-breaking statistics detect islands of cooling in a sea of warming
Radiative closure and cloud effects on the radiation budget based on satellite and shipborne observations during the Arctic summer research cruise, PS106
Impacts of active satellite sensors' low-level cloud detection limitations on cloud radiative forcing in the Arctic
Longwave radiative effect of the cloud–aerosol transition zone based on CERES observations
Ice and mixed-phase cloud statistics on the Antarctic Plateau
Photovoltaic power potential in West Africa using long-term satellite data
A semi-empirical potential energy surface and line list for H216O extending into the near-ultraviolet
Global distribution and 14-year changes in erythemal irradiance, UV atmospheric transmission, and total column ozone for2005–2018 estimated from OMI and EPIC observations
Biomass-burning-induced surface darkening and its impact on regional meteorology in eastern China
Air pollution slows down surface warming over the Tibetan Plateau
Estimation of hourly land surface heat fluxes over the Tibetan Plateau by the combined use of geostationary and polar-orbiting satellites
Estimations of global shortwave direct aerosol radiative effects above opaque water clouds using a combination of A-Train satellite sensors
Uncertainty of atmospheric microwave absorption model: impact on ground-based radiometer simulations and retrievals
Simulated and observed horizontal inhomogeneities of optical thickness of Arctic stratus
Net radiative effects of dust in the tropical North Atlantic based on integrated satellite observations and in situ measurements
Comparison of global observations and trends of total precipitable water derived from microwave radiometers and COSMIC radio occultation from 2006 to 2013
Characterizing energy budget variability at a Sahelian site: a test of NWP model behaviour
Scale dependence of cirrus horizontal heterogeneity effects on TOA measurements – Part I: MODIS brightness temperatures in the thermal infrared
Aerosol scattering effects on water vapor retrievals over the Los Angeles Basin
Directional, horizontal inhomogeneities of cloud optical thickness fields retrieved from ground-based and airbornespectral imaging
Airborne observations of far-infrared upwelling radiance in the Arctic
Retrieval of aerosol optical depth from surface solar radiation measurements using machine learning algorithms, non-linear regression and a radiative transfer-based look-up table
Microwave signatures of ice hydrometeors from ground-based observations above Summit, Greenland
Shortwave direct radiative effects of above-cloud aerosols over global oceans derived from 8 years of CALIOP and MODIS observations
Retrieving high-resolution surface solar radiation with cloud parameters derived by combining MODIS and MTSAT data
Instantaneous longwave radiative impact of ozone: an application on IASI/MetOp observations
A method to retrieve super-thin cloud optical depth over ocean background with polarized sunlight
Airborne observations and simulations of three-dimensional radiative interactions between Arctic boundary layer clouds and ice floes
Deriving polarization properties of desert-reflected solar spectra with PARASOL data
Using IASI to simulate the total spectrum of outgoing long-wave radiances
Investigation of the "elevated heat pump" hypothesis of the Asian monsoon using satellite observations
Improved retrieval of direct and diffuse downwelling surface shortwave flux in cloudless atmosphere using dynamic estimates of aerosol content and type: application to the LSA-SAF project
Surface-sensible and latent heat fluxes over the Tibetan Plateau from ground measurements, reanalysis, and satellite data
Influence of local surface albedo variability and ice crystal shape on passive remote sensing of thin cirrus
Combining MODIS, AVHRR and in situ data for evapotranspiration estimation over heterogeneous landscape of the Tibetan Plateau
Modeling polarized solar radiation from the ocean–atmosphere system for CLARREO inter-calibration applications
Performance of the Line-By-Line Radiative Transfer Model (LBLRTM) for temperature, water vapor, and trace gas retrievals: recent updates evaluated with IASI case studies
Multi-satellite aerosol observations in the vicinity of clouds
CLARA-SAL: a global 28 yr timeseries of Earth's black-sky surface albedo
Quantitative comparison of the variability in observed and simulated shortwave reflectance
Regional radiative impact of volcanic aerosol from the 2009 eruption of Mt. Redoubt
Airborne hyperspectral observations of surface and cloud directional reflectivity using a commercial digital camera
Direct and semi-direct radiative forcing of smoke aerosols over clouds
Validity of satellite measurements used for the monitoring of UV radiation risk on health
Donatello Gallucci, Domenico Cimini, Emma Turner, Stuart Fox, Philip W. Rosenkranz, Mikhail Y. Tretyakov, Vinia Mattioli, Salvatore Larosa, and Filomena Romano
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 7283–7308, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7283-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7283-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Nowadays, atmospheric radiative transfer models are widely used to simulate satellite and ground-based observations. A meaningful comparison between observations and simulations requires an estimate of the uncertainty associated with both. This work quantifies the uncertainty in atmospheric radiative transfer models in the microwave range, providing the uncertainty associated with simulations of new-generation satellite microwave sensors.
João Teixeira, R. Chris Wilson, and Heidar Th. Thrastarson
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 6375–6383, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6375-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6375-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents direct evidence from space (solely based on observations) that CO2 increase leads to the theoretically expected effects on longwave spectral radiances. This is achieved by using a methodology that allows us to isolate the CO2 effects from the temperature and water vapor effects. By searching for ensembles of temperature and water vapor profiles that are similar to each other but have different values of CO2, it is possible to estimate the direct effects of CO2 on the spectra.
Carlos Toledano, Sarah Taylor, África Barreto, Stefan Adriaensen, Alberto Berjón, Agnieszka Bialek, Ramiro González, Emma Woolliams, and Marc Bouvet
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3649–3671, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3649-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3649-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The calibration of Earth observation sensors is key to ensuring the continuity of long-term and global climate records. Satellite sensors, calibrated prior to launch, are susceptible to degradation in space. The Moon provides a stable calibration reference; however, its illumination depends on the Sun–Earth–Moon geometry and must be modelled. A new lunar irradiance model is presented, built upon observations over 5 years at a high-altitude observatory and a rigorous calibration and validation.
Adeleke S. Ademakinwa, Zahid H. Tushar, Jianyu Zheng, Chenxi Wang, Sanjay Purushotham, Jianwu Wang, Kerry G. Meyer, Tamas Várnai, and Zhibo Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3093–3114, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3093-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3093-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Clouds play a critical role in our climate system. At present and in the near future, satellite-based remote sensing is the only means to obtain regional and global observations of cloud properties. The current satellite remote sensing algorithms are mostly based on the so-called 1D radiative transfer. This deviation from the 3D world reality can lead to large errors. In this study we investigate how this error affects our estimation of cloud radiative effects.
Johannes Röttenbacher, André Ehrlich, Hanno Müller, Florian Ewald, Anna E. Luebke, Benjamin Kirbus, Robin J. Hogan, and Manfred Wendisch
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-281, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-281, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Weather prediction models simplify the physical processes related to light scattering by clouds consisting of complex ice crystals. Whether these simplifications are the cause for uncertainties in their prediction can be evaluated by comparing them with measurement data. Here we do this for Arctic ice clouds over sea ice using airborne measurements from two case studies. The model performs good for thick ice clouds but not so good for thin ones. This work can be used to improve the model.
Peizhen Li, Lei Zhong, Yaoming Ma, Yunfei Fu, Meilin Cheng, Xian Wang, Yuting Qi, and Zixin Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9265–9285, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9265-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9265-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, all-sky downwelling shortwave radiation (DSR) over the entire Tibetan Plateau (TP) at a spatial resolution of 1 km was estimated using an improved parameterization scheme. The influence of topography and different radiative attenuations were comprehensively taken into account. The derived DSR showed good agreement with in situ measurements. The accuracy was better than six other DSR products. The derived DSR also provided more reasonable and detailed spatial patterns.
Elisa T. Sena, Ilan Koren, Orit Altaratz, and Alexander B. Kostinski
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 16111–16122, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-16111-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-16111-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We used record-breaking statistics together with spatial information to create record-breaking SST maps. The maps reveal warming patterns in the overwhelming majority of the ocean and coherent islands of cooling, where low records occur more frequently than high ones. Some of these cooling spots are well known; however, a surprising elliptical area in the Southern Ocean is observed as well. Similar analyses can be performed on other key climatological variables to explore their trend patterns.
Carola Barrientos-Velasco, Hartwig Deneke, Anja Hünerbein, Hannes J. Griesche, Patric Seifert, and Andreas Macke
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 9313–9348, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9313-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9313-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This article describes an intercomparison of radiative fluxes and cloud properties from satellite, shipborne observations, and 1D radiative transfer simulations. The analysis focuses on research for PS106 expedition aboard the German research vessel, Polarstern. The results are presented in detailed case studies, time series for the PS106 cruise and extended to the central Arctic region. The findings illustrate the main periods of agreement and discrepancies of both points of view.
Yinghui Liu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 8151–8173, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8151-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8151-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Cloud detection from state-of-art satellite radar and lidar misses low-level clouds. Using in situ observations, this study confirms this cloud detection limitation over the Arctic Ocean. Impacts of this detection limitation from combined satellite radar and lidar on the monthly mean radiation flux estimations at the surface and at the top of the atmosphere in the Arctic are limited but larger from only satellite radar or satellite lidar in monthly mean and instantaneous values.
Babak Jahani, Hendrik Andersen, Josep Calbó, Josep-Abel González, and Jan Cermak
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 1483–1494, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1483-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1483-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The change in the state of sky from cloudy to cloudless (or vice versa) comprises an additional phase called
transition zonewith characteristics laying between those of aerosols and clouds. This study presents an approach for the quantification of the broadband longwave radiative effects of the cloud–aerosol transition zone at the top of the atmosphere during daytime over the ocean based on satellite observations and radiative transfer simulations.
William Cossich, Tiziano Maestri, Davide Magurno, Michele Martinazzo, Gianluca Di Natale, Luca Palchetti, Giovanni Bianchini, and Massimo Del Guasta
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 13811–13833, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13811-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13811-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The presence of clouds over Concordia, in the Antarctic Plateau, is investigated. Results are obtained by applying a machine learning algorithm to measurements of the infrared radiation emitted by the atmosphere toward the surface. The clear-sky, ice cloud, and mixed-phase cloud occurrence at different timescales is studied. A comparison with satellite measurements highlights the ability of the algorithm to identify multiple cloud conditions and study their variability at different timescales.
Ina Neher, Susanne Crewell, Stefanie Meilinger, Uwe Pfeifroth, and Jörg Trentmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 12871–12888, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-12871-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-12871-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Photovoltaic power is one current option to meet the rising energy demand with low environmental impact. Global horizontal irradiance (GHI) is the fuel for photovoltaic power installations and needs to be evaluated to plan and dimension power plants. In this study, 35 years of satellite-based GHI data are analyzed over West Africa to determine their impact on photovoltaic power generation. The major challenges for the development of a solar-based power system in West Africa are then outlined.
Eamon K. Conway, Iouli E. Gordon, Jonathan Tennyson, Oleg L. Polyansky, Sergei N. Yurchenko, and Kelly Chance
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 10015–10027, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-10015-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-10015-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Water vapour has a complex spectrum and absorbs from the microwave to the near-UV where it dissociates. There is limited knowledge of the absorption features in the near-UV, and there is a large disagreement for the available models and experiments. We created a new ab initio model that is in good agreement with observation at 363 nm. At lower wavelengths, our calculations suggest that the latest experiments overestimate absorption. This has implications for trace gas retrievals in the near-UV.
Jay Herman, Alexander Cede, Liang Huang, Jerald Ziemke, Omar Torres, Nickolay Krotkov, Matthew Kowalewski, and Karin Blank
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 8351–8380, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-8351-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-8351-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The amount of erythemal irradiance reaching the Earth's surface has been calculated from ozone, aerosol, and reflectivity data obtained from OMI and DSCOVR/EPIC satellite instruments showing areas with high levels of solar UV radiation. Changes in erythemal irradiance, cloud transmission, aerosol transmission, and ozone absorption have been estimated for 14 years 2005–2018 in units of percent per year for 191 locations, mostly large cities, and from EPIC for the entire illuminated Earth.
Rong Tang, Xin Huang, Derong Zhou, and Aijun Ding
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 6177–6191, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-6177-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-6177-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Biomass-burning-induced large areas of dark char (i.e.
surface darkening) could influence the radiative energy balance. During the harvest season in eastern China, satellite retrieval shows that surface albedo was significantly decreased. Observational evidence of meteorological perturbations from the surface darkening is identified, which is further examined by model simulation. This work highlights the importance of burning-induced albedo change in weather forecast and regional climate.
Aolin Jia, Shunlin Liang, Dongdong Wang, Bo Jiang, and Xiaotong Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 881–899, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-881-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-881-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The Tibetan Plateau (TP) plays a vital role in regional and global climate change due to its location and orography. After generating a long-term surface radiation (SR) dataset, we characterized the SR spatiotemporal variation along with temperature. Evidence from multiple data sources indicated that the TP dimming was primarily driven by increased aerosols from human activities, and the cooling effect of aerosol loading offsets TP surface warming, revealing the human impact on regional warming.
Lei Zhong, Yaoming Ma, Zeyong Hu, Yunfei Fu, Yuanyuan Hu, Xian Wang, Meilin Cheng, and Nan Ge
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 5529–5541, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-5529-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-5529-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Fine-temporal-resolution turbulent heat fluxes at the plateau scale have significant importance for studying diurnal variation characteristics of atmospheric boundary and weather systems in the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and its surroundings. Time series of land surface heat fluxes with high temporal resolution over the entire TP were derived. The derived surface heat fluxes proved to be in good agreement with in situ measurements and were superior to GLDAS flux products.
Meloë S. Kacenelenbogen, Mark A. Vaughan, Jens Redemann, Stuart A. Young, Zhaoyan Liu, Yongxiang Hu, Ali H. Omar, Samuel LeBlanc, Yohei Shinozuka, John Livingston, Qin Zhang, and Kathleen A. Powell
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 4933–4962, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-4933-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-4933-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Significant efforts are required to estimate the direct radiative effects of aerosols above clouds (DAREcloudy). We have used a combination of passive and active A-Train satellite sensors and derive mainly positive global and regional DAREcloudy values (e.g., global seasonal values between 0.13 and 0.26 W m-2). Despite differences in methods and sensors, the DAREcloudy values in this study are generally higher than previously reported. We discuss the primary reasons for these higher estimates.
Domenico Cimini, Philip W. Rosenkranz, Mikhail Y. Tretyakov, Maksim A. Koshelev, and Filomena Romano
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 15231–15259, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-15231-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-15231-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The paper presents a general approach to quantify the uncertainty related to atmospheric absorption models. These models describe how the atmosphere interacts with radiation, and they have general implications for atmospheric sciences.
The presented approach contributes to a better understanding of the total uncertainty affecting atmospheric radiative properties, thus reducing the chances of systematic errors when observations are exploited for weather forecast or climate trend derivations.
Michael Schäfer, Katharina Loewe, André Ehrlich, Corinna Hoose, and Manfred Wendisch
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 13115–13133, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-13115-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-13115-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Airborne observed horizontal fields of cloud optical thickness are compared with semi-idealized large eddy simulations of Arctic stratus. The comparison focuses on horizontal cloud inhomogeneities and directional features of the small-scale cloud structures. Using inhomogeneity parameters and autocorrelation analysis it is investigated, if the observed small-scale cloud inhomogeneities can be represented by the model. Forcings for cloud inhomogeneities are investigated in a sensitivity study.
Qianqian Song, Zhibo Zhang, Hongbin Yu, Seiji Kato, Ping Yang, Peter Colarco, Lorraine A. Remer, and Claire L. Ryder
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 11303–11322, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-11303-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-11303-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Mineral dust is the most abundant atmospheric aerosol component in terms of dry mass. In this study, we integrate recent aircraft measurements of dust microphysical and optical properties with satellite retrievals of aerosol and radiative fluxes to quantify the dust direct radiative effects on the shortwave and longwave radiation at both the top of the atmosphere and the surface in the tropical North Atlantic during summer months.
Shu-Peng Ho, Liang Peng, Carl Mears, and Richard A. Anthes
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 259–274, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-259-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-259-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we compare 7 years of atmospheric total precipitable water (TPW) derived from multiple microwave radiometers to collocated TPW estimates derived from COSMIC radio occultation under various atmospheric conditions over the oceans. Results show that these two TPW trends from independent observations are larger than previous estimates and are a strong indication of the positive water vapor–temperature feedback on a warming planet.
Anna Mackie, Paul I. Palmer, and Helen Brindley
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 15095–15119, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-15095-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-15095-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We compare the balance of solar and thermal radiation at the surface and the top of the atmosphere from a forecasting model to observations at a site in Niamey, Niger, in the Sahel. To interpret the energy budgets we examine other factors, such as cloud properties, water vapour and aerosols, which we use to understand the differences between the observation and model. We find that some differences are linked to lack of ice in clouds, underestimated aerosol loading and surface temperatures.
Thomas Fauchez, Steven Platnick, Kerry Meyer, Céline Cornet, Frédéric Szczap, and Tamás Várnai
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 8489–8508, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-8489-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-8489-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents impact of cirrus cloud horizontal heterogeneity on simulated thermal infrared brightness temperatures at the top of the atmosphere for spatial resolutions ranging from 50 m to 10 km. The cirrus is generated by the 3DCLOUD code and the radiative transfer by the 3DMCPOL code. Brightness temperatures are mostly impacted by the horizontal transport effect and plane-parallel bias at high and coarse spatial resolutions, respectively, with a minimum around 100 m–250 m.
Zhao-Cheng Zeng, Qiong Zhang, Vijay Natraj, Jack S. Margolis, Run-Lie Shia, Sally Newman, Dejian Fu, Thomas J. Pongetti, Kam W. Wong, Stanley P. Sander, Paul O. Wennberg, and Yuk L. Yung
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 2495–2508, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-2495-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-2495-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We propose a novel approach to describing the scattering effects of atmospheric aerosols using H2O retrievals in the near infrared. We found that the aerosol scattering effect is the primary contributor to the variations in the wavelength dependence of the H2O SCD retrievals and the scattering effects can be derived using H2O retrievals from multiple bands. This proposed method could potentially contribute towards reducing biases in greenhouse gas retrievals from space.
Michael Schäfer, Eike Bierwirth, André Ehrlich, Evelyn Jäkel, Frank Werner, and Manfred Wendisch
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 2359–2372, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-2359-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-2359-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Cloud optical thickness fields, retrieved from solar spectral radiance measurements, are used to investigate the directional structure of horizontal cloud inhomogeneities with scalar one-dimensional inhomogeneity parameters, two-dimensional auto-correlation functions, and two-dimensional Fourier analysis. The investigations reveal that it is not sufficient to quantify horizontal cloud inhomogeneities by one-dimensional inhomogeneity parameters; two-dimensional parameters are necessary.
Quentin Libois, Liviu Ivanescu, Jean-Pierre Blanchet, Hannes Schulz, Heiko Bozem, W. Richard Leaitch, Julia Burkart, Jonathan P. D. Abbatt, Andreas B. Herber, Amir A. Aliabadi, and Éric Girard
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 15689–15707, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-15689-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-15689-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The first airborne measurements performed with the FIRR are presented. Vertical profiles of upwelling spectral radiance in the far-infrared are measured in the Arctic atmosphere for the first time. They show the impact of the temperature inversion on the radiative budget of the atmosphere, especially in the far-infrared. The presence of ice clouds also significantly alters the far-infrared budget, highlighting the critical interplay between water vapour and clouds in this very dry region.
Jani Huttunen, Harri Kokkola, Tero Mielonen, Mika Esa Juhani Mononen, Antti Lipponen, Juha Reunanen, Anders Vilhelm Lindfors, Santtu Mikkonen, Kari Erkki Juhani Lehtinen, Natalia Kouremeti, Alkiviadis Bais, Harri Niska, and Antti Arola
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 8181–8191, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-8181-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-8181-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
For a good estimate of the current forcing by anthropogenic aerosols, knowledge in past is needed. One option to lengthen time series is to retrieve aerosol optical depth from solar radiation measurements. We have evaluated several methods for this task. Most of the methods produce aerosol optical depth estimates with a good accuracy. However, machine learning methods seem to be the most applicable not to produce any systematic biases, since they do not need constrain the aerosol properties.
Claire Pettersen, Ralf Bennartz, Mark S. Kulie, Aronne J. Merrelli, Matthew D. Shupe, and David D. Turner
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 4743–4756, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-4743-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-4743-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We examined four summers of data from a ground-based atmospheric science instrument suite at Summit Station, Greenland, to isolate the signature of the ice precipitation. By using a combination of instruments with different specialities, we identified a passive microwave signature of the ice precipitation. This ice signature compares well to models using synthetic data characteristic of the site.
Zhibo Zhang, Kerry Meyer, Hongbin Yu, Steven Platnick, Peter Colarco, Zhaoyan Liu, and Lazaros Oreopoulos
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 2877–2900, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-2877-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-2877-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The frequency of occurrence and shortwave direct radiative effects (DRE) of above-cloud aerosols (ACAs) over global oceans are investigated using 8 years of collocated CALIOP and MODIS observations. We estimated that ACAs have a global ocean annual mean diurnally averaged cloudy-sky DRE of 0.015 W m−2 (range of −0.03 to 0.06 W m−2) at TOA. The DREs at surface and within atmosphere are −0.15 W m−2 (range of −0.09 to −0.21 W m−2), and 0.17 W m−2 (range of 0.11 to 0.24 W m−2), respectively.
Wenjun Tang, Jun Qin, Kun Yang, Shaomin Liu, Ning Lu, and Xiaolei Niu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 2543–2557, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-2543-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-2543-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, we develop a new method to quickly retrieve high-resolution surface solar radiation (SSR) over China by combining MODIS and MTSAT data. The RMSEs of the retrieved SSR at hourly, daily, and monthly scales are about 98.5, 34.2, and 22.1 W m−2. The accuracy is comparable to or even higher than other two satellite radiation products. Finally, we derive an 8-year high-resolution SSR data set (hourly, 5 km) from 2007 to 2014, which would contribute to studies of land surface processes.
S. Doniki, D. Hurtmans, L. Clarisse, C. Clerbaux, H. M. Worden, K. W. Bowman, and P.-F. Coheur
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 12971–12987, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-12971-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-12971-2015, 2015
W. Sun, R. R. Baize, G. Videen, Y. Hu, and Q. Fu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 11909–11918, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-11909-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-11909-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
A method is reported for retrieving super-thin cloud optical depth with polarized light. It is found that near-backscatter p-polarized light is sensitive to clouds, but not to ocean conditions. Near-backscatter p-polarized intensity linearly relates to super-thin cloud optical depth. Based on these findings, super-thin cloud optical depth can be retrieved with little effect from surface reflection.
M. Schäfer, E. Bierwirth, A. Ehrlich, E. Jäkel, and M. Wendisch
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 8147–8163, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-8147-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-8147-2015, 2015
W. Sun, R. R. Baize, C. Lukashin, and Y. Hu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 7725–7734, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-7725-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-7725-2015, 2015
E. C. Turner, H.-T. Lee, and S. F. B. Tett
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 6561–6575, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-6561-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-6561-2015, 2015
M. M. Wonsick, R. T. Pinker, and Y. Ma
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 8749–8761, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-8749-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-8749-2014, 2014
X. Ceamanos, D. Carrer, and J.-L. Roujean
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 8209–8232, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-8209-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-8209-2014, 2014
Q. Shi and S. Liang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 5659–5677, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-5659-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-5659-2014, 2014
C. Fricke, A. Ehrlich, E. Jäkel, B. Bohn, M. Wirth, and M. Wendisch
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 1943–1958, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1943-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1943-2014, 2014
Y. Ma, Z. Zhu, L. Zhong, B. Wang, C. Han, Z. Wang, Y. Wang, L. Lu, P. M. Amatya, W. Ma, and Z. Hu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 1507–1515, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1507-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1507-2014, 2014
W. Sun and C. Lukashin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 10303–10324, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-10303-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-10303-2013, 2013
M. J. Alvarado, V. H. Payne, E. J. Mlawer, G. Uymin, M. W. Shephard, K. E. Cady-Pereira, J. S. Delamere, and J.-L. Moncet
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 6687–6711, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-6687-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-6687-2013, 2013
T. Várnai, A. Marshak, and W. Yang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 3899–3908, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-3899-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-3899-2013, 2013
A. Riihelä, T. Manninen, V. Laine, K. Andersson, and F. Kaspar
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 3743–3762, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-3743-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-3743-2013, 2013
Y. L. Roberts, P. Pilewskie, B. C. Kindel, D. R. Feldman, and W. D. Collins
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 3133–3147, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-3133-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-3133-2013, 2013
C. L. Young, I. N. Sokolik, and J. Dufek
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 3699–3715, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-3699-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-3699-2012, 2012
A. Ehrlich, E. Bierwirth, M. Wendisch, A. Herber, and J.-F. Gayet
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 3493–3510, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-3493-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-3493-2012, 2012
E. M. Wilcox
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 139–149, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-139-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-139-2012, 2012
F. Jégou, S. Godin-Beekman, M. P. Corrêa, C. Brogniez, F. Auriol, V. H. Peuch, M. Haeffelin, A. Pazmino, P. Saiag, F. Goutail, and E. Mahé
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 13377–13394, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-13377-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-13377-2011, 2011
Cited articles
Bai, X., Wang, J., Sellinger, C., Clites, A., and Assel, R.: Interannual variability of Great Lakes ice cover and its relationship to NAO and ENSO, J. Geophys. Res., 117, C03002, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010jc006932, 2012.
Barnston, A. G. and Livezey, R. E.: Classification, Seasonality and Persistence of Low-Frequency Atmospheric Circulation Patterns, Mon. Weather Rev., 115, 1083–1126, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1987)115<1083:csapol>2.0.co;2, 1987.
Bates, J. J. and Jackson, D. L.: Trends in upper-tropospheric humidity, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 1695–1698, 2001.
Bates, J. J., Wu, X., and Jackson, D. L.: Interannual variability of upper-troposphere water vapor band brightness temperature, J. Climate, 9, 427–438, 1996.
Bates, J. J., Jackson, D. L., Breon, F. M., and Bergen, Z. D.: Variability of tropical upper tropospheric humidity 1979–1998, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 106, 32271–32281, 2001.
Blackmon, M. L., Lee, Y. H., and Wallace, J. M.: Horizontal Structure of 500 mb Height Fluctuations with Long, Intermediate and Short Time Scales, J. Atmos. Sci., 41, 961–980, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1984)041<0961:hsomhf>2.0.co;2, 1984.
Bodas-Salcedo, A., Webb, M. J., Bony, S., Chepfer, H., Dufresne, J. L., Klein, S. A., Zhang, Y., Marchand, R., Haynes, J. M., Pincus, R., and John, V. O.: COSP: Satellite simulation software for model assessment, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 92, 1023–1043, https://doi.org/10.1175/2011bams2856.1, 2011.
Brogniez, H., Roca, R., and Picon, L.: Evaluation of the distribution of subtropical free tropospheric humidity in AMIP-2 simulations using METEOSAT water vapor channel data, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L19708, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005gl024341, 2005.
Brogniez, H., Roca, R., and Picon, L.: A clear-sky radiance archive from Meteosat "water vapor" observations, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 111, D21109, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006jd007238, 2006.
Brogniez, H., Roca, R., and Picon, L.: Study of the Free Tropospheric Humidity Interannual Variability Using Meteosat Data and an Advection-Condensation Transport Model, J. Climate, 22, 6773–6787, https://doi.org/10.1175/2009jcli2963.1, 2009.
Buehler, S. A., Kuvatov, M., Sreerekha, T. R., John, V. O., Rydberg, B., Eriksson, P., and Notholt, J.: A cloud filtering method for microwave upper tropospheric humidity measurements, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 5531–5542, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-5531-2007, 2007.
Buehler, S. A., Kuvatov, M., John, V. O., Milz, M., Soden, B. J., Jackson, D. L., and Notholt, J.: An upper tropospheric humidity data set from operational satellite microwave data, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 113, D14110, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007jd009314, 2008.
Chen, W. Y. and Van den Dool, H.: Sensitivity of Teleconnection Patterns to the Sign of Their Primary Action Center, Mon. Weather Rev., 131, 2885–2899, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(2003)131<2885:sotptt>2.0.co;2, 2003.
Chevallier, F.: Sampled databases of 60-level atmospheric profiles from the ECMWF analyses. EUMETSAT/ECMWF SAF Programme Research Rep. 4, 27 pp., 2001.
Choi, K. S., Wu, C. C., and Byun, H. R.: Possible connection between summer tropical cyclone frequency and spring Arctic Oscillation over East Asia, Clim. Dynam., 38, 2613–2629, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-011-1088-z, 2012.
Christoudias, T., Pozzer, A., and Lelieveld, J.: Influence of the North Atlantic Oscillation on air pollution transport, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 869–877, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-869-2012, 2012.
Chung, E. S., Soden, B. J., Sohn, B. J., and Schmetz, J.: Model-simulated humidity bias in the upper troposphere and its relation to the large-scale circulation, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 116, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011jd015609, D10110, 2011.
Folland, C. K., Knight, J., Linderholm, H. W., Fereday, D., Ineson, S., and Hurrell, J. W.: The Summer North Atlantic Oscillation: Past, Present, and Future, J. Climate, 22, 1082–1103, https://doi.org/10.1175/2008jcli2459.1, 2009.
Geer, A. J., Harries, J. E., and Brindley, H. E.: Spatial patterns of climate variability in upper-tropospheric water vapor radiances from satellite data and climate model simulations, J. Climate, 12, 1940–1955, 1999.
Higgins, R. W., Leetmaa, A., and Kousky, V. E.: Relationships between climate variability and winter temperature extremes in the United States, J. Climate, 15, 1555–1572, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015<1555:Rbcvaw>2.0.Co;2, 2002.
Iacono, M. J., Delamere, J. S., Mlawer, E. J., and Clough, S. A.: Evaluation of upper tropospheric water vapor in the NCAR Community Climate Model (CCM3) using modeled and observed HIRS radiances, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 108, 4037, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002jd002539, 2003.
Jedlovec, G. J., Lerner, J. A., and Atkinson, R. J.: A satellite-derived upper-tropospheric water vapor transport index for climate studies, J. Appl. Meteorol., 39, 15–41, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(2000)039<0015:asdutw>2.0.co;2, 2000.
John, V. O., Holl, G., Allan, R. P., Buehler, S. A., Parker, D. E., and Soden, B. J.: Clear-sky biases in satellite infrared estimates of upper tropospheric humidity and its trends, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 116, D14108, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010jd015355, 2011.
John, V. O., Holl, G., Buehler, S. A., Candy, B., Saunders, R. W., and Parker, D. E.: Understanding intersatellite biases of microwave humidity sounders using global simultaneous nadir overpasses, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 117, D02305, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011jd016349, 2012.
Johnson, N. C. and Feldstein, S. B.: The Continuum of North Pacific Sea Level Pressure Patterns: Intraseasonal, Interannual, and Interdecadal Variability, J. Climate, 23, 851–867, https://doi.org/10.1175/2009jcli3099.1, 2010.
Knapp, K. R.: Inter-satellite bias of the high resolution infrared radiation sounder water vapor channel determined using ISCCP B1 data, J. Appl. Remote Sens., 6, 063523, https://doi.org/10.1117/1.Jrs.6.063523, 2012.
Lanzante, J. R. and Gahrs, G. E.: The "Clear-Sky Bias" of TOVS Upper-Tropospheric Humidity, J. Climate, 13, 4034–4041, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<4034:tcsbot>2.0.co;2, 2000.
Leathers, D. J., Yarnal, B., and Palecki, M. A.: The Pacific/North American Teleconnection Pattern and United States Climate. Part I: Regional Temperature and Precipitation Associations, J. Climate, 4, 517–528, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1991)004<0517:tpatpa>2.0.co;2, 1991.
L'Heureux, M. L., Kumar, A., Bell, G. D., Halpert, M. S., and Higgins, R. W.: Role of the Pacific-North American (PNA) pattern in the 2007 Arctic sea ice decline, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L20701, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008gl035205, 2008.
Li, J., Yu, R., and Zhou, T.: Teleconnection between NAO and Climate Downstream of the Tibetan Plateau, J. Climate, 21, 4680–4690, https://doi.org/10.1175/2008jcli2053.1, 2008.
Lim, Y. K. and Schubert, S. D.: The impact of ENSO and the Arctic Oscillation on winter temperature extremes in the southeast United States, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L15706, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011gl048283, 2011.
Lindfors, A. V., Mackenzie, I. A., Tett, S. F. B., and Shi, L.: Climatological Diurnal Cycles in Clear-Sky Brightness Temperatures from the High-Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder (HIRS), J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 28, 1199–1205, https://doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-11-00093.1, 2011.
Machado, L. A. T., Rossow, W. B., Guedes, R. L., and Walker, A. W.: Life cycle variations of mesoscale convective systems over the Americas, Mon. Weather Rev., 126, 1630–1654, 1998.
MacKenzie, I. A., Tett, S. F. B., and Lindfors, A. V.: Climate Model–Simulated Diurnal Cycles in HIRS Clear-Sky Brightness Temperatures, J. Climate, 25, 5845–5863, https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-11-00552.1, 2012.
Mantua, N. J. and Hare, S. R.: The Pacific decadal oscillation, J. Oceanogr., 58, 35–44, 2002.
Mantua, N. J., Hare, S. R., Zhang, Y., Wallace, J. M., and Francis, R. C.: A Pacific interdecadal climate oscillation with impacts on salmon production, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 78, 1069–1079, 1997.
Mapes, B. E. and Houze, R. A.: Cloud Clusters and Superclusters over the Oceanic Warm Pool, Mon. Weather Rev., 121, 1398–1415, 1993.
McCarthy, M. P. and Toumi, R.: Observed interannual variability of tropical troposphere relative humidity, J. Climate, 17, 3181–3191, 2004.
Minobe, S.: Resonance in bidecadal and pentadecadal climate oscillations over the North Pacific: Role in climatic regime shifts, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 855–858, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999gl900119, 1999.
Mo, K. C.: Relationships between low-frequency variability in the Southern Hemisphere and sea surface temperature anomalies, J. Climate, 13, 3599–3610, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<3599:Rblfvi>2.0.Co;2, 2000.
Namias, J.: The index cycle and its role in the general circulation, J. Meteor., 7, 130–139, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1950)007<0130:TICAIR>2.0.CO;2, 1950.
Newman, M., Compo, G. P., and Alexander, M. A.: ENSO-Forced Variability of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, J. Climate, 16, 3853–3857, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2003)016<3853:evotpd>2.0.co;2, 2003.
Park, T. W., Ho, C. H., and Yang, S.: Relationship between the Arctic Oscillation and Cold Surges over East Asia, J. Climate, 24, 68–83, https://doi.org/10.1175/2010jcli3529.1, 2011.
Patara, L., Visbeck, M., Masina, S., Krahmann, G., and Vichi, M.: Marine biogeochemical responses to the North Atlantic Oscillation in a coupled climate model, J. Geophys. Res., 116, C07023, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010jc006785, 2011.
Peings, Y., Douville, H., and Terray, P.: Extended winter Pacific North America oscillation as a precursor of the Indian summer monsoon rainfall, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L11710, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009gl038453, 2009.
Picon, L., Roca, R., Serrar, S., Monge, J. L., and Desbois, M.: A new METEOSAT "water vapor" archive for climate studies, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 108, 4301, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002jd002640, 2003.
Press, W. H., Teukolsky, S. A., Vetterling, W. T., and Flannery, B. P.: Numerical recipes: the art of scientific computing, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, New York, 1256 pp., 2007.
Previdi, M. and Veron, D. E.: North Atlantic cloud cover response to the North Atlantic oscillation and relationship to surface temperature changes, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D07104, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006jd007516, 2007.
Rigor, I. G., Wallace, J. M., and Colony, R. L.: Response of Sea Ice to the Arctic Oscillation, J. Climate, 15, 2648–2663, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015<2648:rositt>2.0.co;2, 2002.
Roca, R., Picon, L., Desbois, M., LeTreut, H., and Morcrette, J. J.: Direct comparison of Meteosat water vapor channel data and general circulation model results, Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 147–150, https://doi.org/10.1029/96gl03923, 1997.
Ropelewski, C. F., and Halpert, M. S.: Quantifying Southern Oscillation – Precipitation relationships, J. Climate, 9, 1043–1059, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1996)009<1043:Qsopr>2.0.Co;2, 1996.
Rossow, W. B. and Pearl, C.: 22-Year survey of tropical convection penetrating into the lower stratosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L04803, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006gl028635, 2007.
Saunders, R., Matricardi, M., and Brunel, P.: An improved fast radiative transfer model for assimilation of satellite radiance observations, Q. J. Roy Meteor. Soc., 125, 1407–1425, https://doi.org/10.1256/Smsqj.55614, 1999.
Schreck, C. J., Shi, L., Kossin, J. P., and Bates, J. J.: Identifying the MJO, Equatorial Waves, and Their Impacts Using 32 Years of HIRS Upper-Tropospheric Water Vapor, J. Climate, 26, 1418–1431, https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-12-00034.1, 2012.
Shi, L. and Bates, J. J.: Three decades of intersatellite-calibrated High-Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder upper tropospheric water vapor, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 116, D04108, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010jd014847, 2011.
Shi, L., Bates, J. J., and Cao, C.: Scene Radiance–Dependent Intersatellite Biases of HIRS Longwave Channels, J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 25, 2219–2229, https://doi.org/10.1175/2008jtecha1058.1, 2008.
Soden, B. J.: The diurnal cycle of convection, clouds, and water vapor in the tropical upper troposphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 2173–2176, 2000.
Soden, B. J. and Bretherton, F. P.: Upper-tropospheric relative-humidity from the GOES 6.7 mu-m channel – method and climatology for July 1987, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 98, 16669–16688, https://doi.org/10.1029/93jd01283, 1993.
Soden, B. J. and Lanzante, J. R.: An assessment of satellite and radiosonde climatologies of upper-tropospheric water vapor, J. Climate, 9, 1235–1250, 1996.
Soden, B. J., Jackson, D. L., Ramaswamy, V., Schwarzkopf, M. D., and Huang, X. L.: The radiative signature of upper tropospheric moistening, Science, 310, 841–844, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1115602, 2005.
Sohn, B. J. and Park, S.-C.: Strengthened tropical circulations in past three decades inferred from water vapor transport, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D15112, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009jd013713, 2010.
Thompson, D. W. J. and Wallace, J. M.: Annular modes in the extratropical circulation. Part I: Month-to-month variability, J. Climate, 13, 1000–1016, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<1000:Amitec>2.0.Co;2, 2000.
Trenberth, K. E.: The definition of El Nino, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 78, 2771–2777, 1997.
Vandeberg, L., Pyomjamsri, A., and Schmetz, J.: Monthly Mean Upper Tropospheric Humidities in Cloud-Free Areas from Meteosat Observations, Int. J. Climatol., 11, 819–826, 1991.
van den Dool, H. M., Saha, S., and Johansson, Å.: Empirical Orthogonal Teleconnections, J. Climate, 13, 1421–1435, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<1421:eot>2.0.co;2, 2000.
Vicente-Serrano, S. M. and López-Moreno, J. I.: Nonstationary influence of the North Atlantic Oscillation on European precipitation, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D20120, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008jd010382, 2008.
Wallace, J. M. and Gutzler, D. S.: Teleconnections in the Geopotential Height Field during the Northern Hemisphere Winter, Mon. Weather Rev., 109, 784–812, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1981)109<0784:titghf>2.0.co;2, 1981.
Wu, X. Q., Bates, J. J., and Khalsa, S. J. S.: A Climatology of the Water-Vapor Band Brightness Temperatures from Noaa Operational Satellites, J. Climate, 6, 1282–1300, 1993.
Wylie, D., Jackson, D. L., Menzel, W. P., and Bates, J. J.: Trends in global cloud cover in two decades of HIRS observations, J. Climate, 18, 3021–3031, 2005.
Wylie, D., Eloranta, E., Spinhirne, J. D., and Palm, S. P.: Comparison of cloud cover statistics from the GLAS lidar with HIRS, J. Climate, 20, 4968–4981, https://doi.org/10.1175/Jcli4269.1, 2007.
Wylie, D. P., Menzel, W. P., Woolf, H. M., and Strabala, K. I.: 4 Years of Global Cirrus Cloud Statistics Using Hirs, J. Climate, 7, 1972–1986, 1994.
Yu, L. J., Zhang, Z. H., Zhou, M. Y., Zhong, S., Lenschow, D., Hsu, H. M., Wu, H. D., and Sun, B.: Influence of the Antarctic Oscillation, the Pacific-South American modes and the El Nino-Southern Oscillation on the Antarctic surface temperature and pressure variations, Antarct Sci., 24, 59–76, https://doi.org/10.1017/S095410201100054x, 2012.
Zuidema, P.: Convective clouds over the Bay of Bengal, Mon. Weather Rev., 131, 780–798, 2003.
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint